Organization and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2023

Organization and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

Organization and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

Note 1 - Organization and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

Axon Enterprise, Inc. (“Axon,” the “Company,” “we” or “us”) is a market-leading provider of law enforcement technology solutions. Our mission is to protect life in service of promoting peace, justice and strong institutions.

The accompanying consolidated financial statements include the accounts of Axon Enterprise, Inc. and our wholly owned subsidiaries. All material intercompany accounts, transactions and profits have been eliminated.

Basis of Presentation and Use of Estimates

The accompanying consolidated financial statements have been prepared in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“GAAP”). The preparation of these consolidated financial statements requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the consolidated financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Significant estimates and assumptions in these consolidated financial statements include:

● product warranty reserves,

● inventory valuation,

● revenue recognition,

● reserve for expected credit losses,

● valuation of goodwill, intangible and long-lived assets,

● valuation of strategic investments,

● recognition, measurement and valuation of current and deferred income taxes,

● stock-based compensation, and

● recognition and measurement of contingencies and accrued litigation expense.

Actual results could differ materially from those estimates.

Cash, Cash Equivalents and Investments

Cash, cash equivalents and investments include cash, money market funds, commercial paper, corporate bonds, term deposits, U.S. Government bonds, agency bonds, U.S. Treasury bills and U.S. Treasury Inflation-Protected Securities. We place our cash and cash equivalents with high quality financial institutions. Although we deposit our cash with multiple financial institutions, our deposits regularly exceed federally insured limits. Cash and cash equivalents include funds on hand and highly liquid investments purchased with initial maturity of three months or less. Short-term investments include securities with an expected maturity date within one year of the balance sheet date that do not meet the definition of a cash equivalent, and long-term investments are securities with an expected maturity date greater than one year and less than two years in accordance with our investment policy.

We report available-for-sale investments at fair value as of each balance sheet date and record any unrealized gains or losses as a component of stockholders’ equity. The cost of securities sold is determined on a specific identification basis, and realized gains and losses are included in interest and other income, net within the consolidated statements of operations. When the fair value is below the amortized cost of a marketable security, an estimate of expected credit losses is made. The credit-related impairment amount is recognized in the consolidated statements of operations. Credit losses are recognized through the use of an allowance for expected credit losses account in the consolidated balance sheets and subsequent improvements in expected credit losses are recognized as a reversal of an amount in the allowance account. If we have the intent to sell the security or it is more likely than not that we will be required to sell the security prior to recovery of its amortized cost basis, then the allowance for the credit loss is written-off and the excess of the amortized cost basis of the asset over its fair value is recorded in the consolidated statements of operations. We do not intend to sell the investments and it is not more likely than not that we will be required to sell the investments before recovery of their

amortized cost bases. There were no credit losses recorded on our investment portfolio during the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022.

Restricted Cash

Restricted cash balances of $2.1 million and $1.9 million as of December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively, primarily relate to funds held in an international bank account for a country in which we are required to maintain a minimum balance to operate. As of December 31, 2023, approximately $2.0 million was included in prepaid expenses and other assets on our consolidated balance sheet, with the remainder in other long-term assets.

Inventory

Inventories are stated at lower of cost or realizable values. Cost of inventories are determined on the first-in, first-out basis utilizing a standard cost methodology. Additional provisions are made to reduce excess, obsolete or slow-moving inventories to their net realizable value. These provisions are based on management’s best estimate after considering historical demand, projected future demand, inventory purchase commitments, industry and market trends and conditions among other factors. We evaluate inventory costs for abnormal costs due to excess production capacity and treat such costs as period costs.

Property and Equipment

Property and equipment are stated at cost, net of accumulated depreciation and amortization. Additions and improvements are capitalized, while ordinary maintenance and repair expenditures are charged to expense as incurred. Depreciation is calculated using the straight-line method over the estimated economic life.

Software Development Costs

We expense software development costs, including costs to develop software products or the software component of products and services to be marketed to external users, before technological feasibility of such products is reached.

Software development costs also include costs to develop software programs to be used solely to meet our internal needs and applications. We capitalize development costs related to these software applications once the preliminary project stage is complete and it is probable that the project will be completed and the software will be used to perform the intended function. Additionally, we capitalize qualifying costs incurred for upgrades and enhancements to existing software that result in additional functionality. Costs related to preliminary project planning activities, post-implementation activities, maintenance and minor modifications are expensed as incurred. Internal-use software development costs are amortized on a straight-line basis over the estimated useful life of the software.

We evaluate the useful lives of these assets on an annual basis and test for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances occur that could impact the recoverability of these assets.

Valuation of Goodwill, Intangible and Long-lived Assets

We evaluate whether events and circumstances have occurred that indicate the remaining estimated useful life of long-lived assets and identifiable intangible assets, excluding goodwill and intangible assets with indefinite useful lives, may warrant revision or that the remaining balance of these assets may not be recoverable. Such events and circumstances could include a change in the product mix, a change in the way products are created, produced or delivered, or a significant change in the way products are branded and marketed. In performing the review for recoverability, we estimate the future undiscounted cash flows expected to result from the use of the assets and their eventual disposition. The amount of the impairment loss, if impairment exists, is calculated based on the excess of the carrying amounts of the assets over their estimated fair values computed using discounted cash flows.

Finite-lived intangible assets and other long-lived assets are amortized over their estimated useful lives. We do not amortize goodwill and intangible assets with indefinite useful lives; rather such assets are required to be tested for

impairment at least annually or sooner whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the assets may be impaired. We test goodwill and intangible assets for impairment on an annual basis on December 31, 2023 and on an interim basis when certain events and circumstances exist.

During the year ended December 31, 2023, we recorded $0.3 million of impairment charges primarily related to construction in process. During the year ended December 31, 2022, we recorded $5.3 million of impairment charges. Of this total, $3.3 million related to the cease-use of a portion of our Seattle office. An additional $1.4 million related to the decision to slow pacing on construction of our new Scottsdale, Arizona campus. During the year ended December 31, 2021, we recorded an immaterial amount of impairment charges.

Customer Deposits

We require deposits in advance of shipment for certain customer sales orders. Additionally, customers may elect to make deposits with us related to contracts for our products and services that were not executed as of the end of a reporting period. Customer deposits are included in other current liabilities in the consolidated balance sheets.

Revenue Recognition, Deferred Revenue and Accounts and Notes Receivable and Contract Assets

We derive revenue from two primary sources:  (1) the sale of physical products, including conducted energy devices (“CEDs”), Axon cameras, Axon Signal-enabled devices, corresponding hardware extended warranties, and related accessories such as Axon docks, cartridges and batteries, among others, and (2) subscriptions to our Axon Evidence digital evidence management software-as-a-service (“SaaS”) offering (including data storage fees and other ancillary services), which includes varying levels of support. To a lesser extent, we also recognize revenue from training, professional services and other software and SaaS services. We apply the five-step model outlined in Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) Topic 606, Revenue from Contracts from Customers (“Topic 606”). For additional discussion of the adoption of Topic 606, see Note 2.

A performance obligation is a promise in a contract to transfer a distinct good or service to the customer, and is the unit of account in Topic 606. For contracts with multiple performance obligations, we allocate the contract transaction price to each performance obligation using our estimate of the standalone selling price (“SSP”) of each distinct good or service in the contract.

Revenues are recognized upon transfer of control of promised products or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration we expect to receive in exchange for those products or services. We enter into contracts that can include various combinations of products and services, each of which is generally distinct and accounted for as a separate performance obligation. Revenue is recognized net of allowances for returns.

Performance obligations to deliver products, including CEDs, Axon cameras and related accessories, such as docks, cartridges and batteries, are generally satisfied at the point in time we ship the product, as this is when the customer obtains control of the asset under our standard terms and conditions. In certain contracts with non-standard terms and conditions, these performance obligations may not be satisfied until formal customer acceptance occurs. Performance obligations to fulfill service-type extended warranties and provide our SaaS offerings, including Axon Evidence and other cloud services, are generally satisfied over time as the customer receives and consumes the benefits of these services over the stated service period.

Many of our products and services are sold on a standalone basis. We also bundle our hardware products and services together and sell them to our customers in single transactions where the customer can make payments over a multi-year period. These sales may include payments for upfront hardware and services, as well as payments for hardware and services to be provided by us at a future date. Additionally, we offer customers the ability to purchase CED cartridges and certain services on an unlimited basis over the contractual term. Due to the unlimited nature of these arrangements whereby we are obligated to deliver unlimited products at the customer’s request, we account for these arrangements as stand-ready obligations, and recognize revenue ratably over the contract period. Cost of product sales is recognized when control of hardware products or accessories has transferred to the customer.

We have elected to recognize shipping costs as an expense in cost of product sales when the control of hardware products or accessories has transferred to the customer.

Sales tax collected on sales is netted against government remittances and, thus, recorded on a net basis.

The timing of revenue recognition may differ from the timing of invoicing to customers. We generally have an unconditional right to consideration when we invoice our customers and record a receivable. We record a contract asset when revenue is recognized prior to invoicing, or a contract liability (deferred revenue) when revenue will be recognized subsequent to invoicing. Contract asset amounts that will be invoiced during the subsequent 12-month period from the balance sheet date are classified as current assets and the remaining portion is recorded within other assets on our consolidated balance sheets. Deferred revenue that will be recognized during the subsequent 12-month period from the balance sheet date is recorded as current deferred revenue and the remaining portion is recorded as long-term deferred revenue. Generally, customers are billed in annual installments. See Note 2 for further disclosures about our contract assets.

Sales are typically made on credit, and we generally do not require collateral. We are exposed to credit losses primarily through sales of products and services. Our expected loss allowance methodology for accounts receivable, contract assets, notes receivable and off-balance-sheet exposures is developed using historical collection experience, published or estimated credit default rates for entities that represent our customer base, current and future economic and market conditions and a review of the current status of customers’ trade accounts receivables. We review receivables for U.S. and international customers separately to better reflect different published credit default rates and economic and market conditions. Additionally, specific reserve amounts are established to record the appropriate provision for customers that have a higher probability of default. Our monitoring activities include account reconciliation, dispute resolution, payment confirmation, consideration of customers’ financial condition and macroeconomic conditions. Balances are written off when determined to be uncollectible. Accounts and notes receivable, contract assets and off-balance-sheet exposures are presented net of a reserve for expected credit losses, which totaled $4.0 million and $3.6 million as of December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively. This reserve represents management’s best estimate and application of judgment considering a number of factors, including those listed above. In the event that actual uncollectible amounts differ from our estimates, additional expense could be necessary.

Cost of Product and Service Sales

Cost of product sales represents manufacturing costs, consisting of materials, labor and overhead related to finished goods and components. Shipping costs incurred related to product delivery are also included in cost of products sold. Cost of service sales includes third-party cloud services, and software maintenance and support costs, including personnel costs, associated with supporting Evidence.com and other software related services.

Advertising Costs

We expense advertising costs in the period in which they are incurred. We incurred advertising costs of $1.9 million, $2.3 million and $2.6 million in the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021, respectively. Advertising costs are included in sales, general and administrative (“SG&A”) expenses in the consolidated statements of operations.

Warranty Reserves

We warranty our CEDs, Axon cameras and certain related accessories from manufacturing defects on a limited basis for a period of one year after purchase and, thereafter, will replace any defective unit for a fee. The company estimates and records a liability for standard warranty at the time products are sold. The estimates are based on historical experience and reflect management’s best estimates of costs to be incurred over the warranty period. Adjustments may be required when actual or projected costs differ. Variations in component failure rates, repair costs and the point of failure within the product life cycle are key drivers that impact our periodic re-assessment of the warranty liability.

Revenue related to separately priced extended warranties is initially recorded as deferred revenue at its allocated amount and subsequently recognized as net sales on a straight-line basis over the warranty service period. Costs related to

extended warranties are charged to cost of product and service sales when the costs become probable and can be reasonably estimated

Changes in our estimated warranty reserve were as follows (in thousands):

	Year Ended December 31,
	2023		2022		2021
Balance, beginning of period	$	811	$	2,822	$	769
Utilization of reserve		(1,499)		(2,209)		(873)
Warranty expense		8,062		198		2,926
Balance, end of period	$	7,374	$	811	$	2,822

Research and Development Expenses

We expense as incurred research and development (“R&D”) costs that do not meet the qualifications to be capitalized. We incurred R&D expense of $303.7 million, $233.8 million and $194.0 million in 2023, 2022 and 2021, respectively.

Income Taxes

Income taxes are accounted for under the asset and liability method. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for the future tax consequences attributable to differences between the financial statement amounts of assets and liabilities and their respective tax bases and operating loss and tax credit carryforwards. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured using enacted tax rates expected to apply to taxable income in future years in which those temporary differences are expected to be recovered or settled. The effect on deferred tax assets and liabilities of a change in tax rate is recognized in income in the period that includes the enactment date. Deferred tax assets are reduced through the establishment of a valuation allowance if, based upon available evidence, it is determined that it is more likely than not that the deferred tax assets will not be realized.

We recognize the tax benefit from an uncertain tax position only if it is more likely than not that the tax position will be sustained on examination by the taxing authorities, based on the technical merits of the position. The tax benefits recognized in the consolidated financial statements from such a position are measured based on the largest benefit that has a greater than 50% likelihood of being realized upon ultimate resolution. We also assess whether uncertain tax positions, as filed, could result in the recognition of a liability for possible interest and penalties. Our policy is to include interest and penalties related to unrecognized tax benefits as a component of income tax expense. Refer to Note 13 for additional information regarding the change in unrecognized tax benefits.

Concentration of Credit Risk and Major Customers / Suppliers

Financial instruments that potentially subject us to concentrations of credit risk consist of accounts and notes receivable, contract assets and cash. Historically, we have experienced an immaterial level of write-offs related to uncollectible accounts.

We maintain the majority of our cash at two depository institutions. As of December 31, 2023, the aggregate balances in such accounts were $560.4 million. Our balances with these two institutions regularly exceed Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation insured limits for domestic deposits and various deposit insurance programs covering our deposits in Australia, Belgium, Canada, Finland, France, Germany, Hong Kong, India, Italy, the Netherlands, Spain, the United Kingdom and Vietnam. To manage the related credit exposure, management continually monitors the creditworthiness of the financial institutions where we have deposits.

No customer represented more than 10% of total net sales for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 or 2021. At December 31, 2023 and 2022, no customer represented more than 10% of the aggregate balance of accounts and notes receivable and contract assets.

We currently purchase both off-the-shelf and custom components, including finished circuit boards, injection-molded plastic components, small machined parts, custom cartridge components, electronic components and off-the-shelf sub-assemblies from suppliers located in the United States, China, Mexico, Republic of Korea, Taiwan and Vietnam. We may source from other countries as well. Although we currently obtain many of these components from single source suppliers, we own substantially all of the injection molded component tooling, designs and test fixtures used in their production for all custom components. As a result, we believe we could obtain alternative suppliers in most cases. Although we have experienced supply chain disruptions relating to materials and port constraints, we have remained focused on closely managing our supply chain. We continue to bolster our strategic relationships in our supply chain, identifying secondary/alternate sourcing, adjusting build plans accordingly, and building in logistic modes in support of our increasing demand while working to minimize disruption to customers. We acquire most of our components on a purchase order basis and do not currently have significant long-term purchase contracts with most component suppliers.

Fair Value Measurements and Financial Instruments

We use the fair value framework that prioritizes the inputs to valuation techniques for measuring financial assets and liabilities measured on a recurring basis and for non-financial assets and liabilities when these items are re-measured. Fair value is considered to be the exchange price in an orderly transaction between market participants, to sell an asset or transfer a liability at the measurement date. The hierarchy below lists three levels of fair value based on the extent to which inputs used in measuring fair value are observable in the market. We categorize each of our fair value measurements in one of these three levels based on the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement in its entirety. These levels are:

● Level 1 – Valuation techniques in which all significant inputs are unadjusted quoted prices from active markets for assets or liabilities that are identical to the assets or liabilities being measured.

● Level 2 – Valuation techniques in which significant inputs include quoted prices from active markets for assets or liabilities that are similar to the assets or liabilities being measured and/or quoted prices for assets or liabilities that are identical or similar to the assets or liabilities being measured from markets that are not active. Also, model-derived valuations in which all significant inputs and significant value drivers are observable in active markets are Level 2 valuation techniques.

● Level 3 – Valuation techniques in which one or more significant inputs or significant value drivers are unobservable. Unobservable inputs are valuation technique inputs that reflect our own assumptions about inputs that market participants would use in pricing an asset or liability.

We have cash equivalents and investments, which at December 31, 2023 were composed of money market funds, commercial paper, corporate bonds, term deposits, U.S. Government bonds, agency bonds, U.S. Treasury bills and U.S. Treasury Inflation-Protected Securities. Cash equivalents and investments at December 31, 2022 were composed of money market funds, certificates of deposit, commercial paper, corporate bonds, term deposits, U.S. Government bonds, municipal bonds, agency bonds, U.S. Treasury bills and U.S. Treasury Inflation-Protected Securities. See additional disclosure regarding the fair values of our cash equivalents and investments in Note 3. Included in the balance of other assets as of December 31, 2023 and 2022 was $7.6 million and $4.3 million, respectively, related to corporate-owned life insurance policies that are used to fund our deferred compensation plan. We determine the fair values of our insurance contracts by obtaining the cash surrender value of the contracts from the issuer, a Level 2 valuation technique.

We have investments in marketable securities, for which changes in fair value are recorded in interest and other income, net in the consolidated statement of operations.

We have strategic investments in various unconsolidated affiliates as of December 31, 2023. The estimated fair values of the investments was determined based on Level 3 inputs. In determining the estimated fair values of our strategic investments in privately held companies, we utilize observable data available to us as discussed further in Note 8.

We have outstanding our 0.50% convertible senior notes due 2027 (the “Notes” or “2027 Notes”), for which the fair value is determined based on the closing trading price per $1,000 of the Notes as of the last day of trading for the period.

We consider the fair value of the Notes at December 31, 2023 to be a Level 2 measurement as they are not publicly traded. The fair value of the Notes is primarily affected by the trading price of our common stock and market interest rates.

Our financial instruments also include accounts and notes receivable, accounts payable and accrued liabilities. Due to the short-term nature of these instruments, their fair values approximate their carrying values on the consolidated balance sheets.

Segment and Geographic Information

Our operations comprise two reportable segments: the development, manufacture and sale of fully integrated hardware and cloud-based software solutions that enable law enforcement to capture, securely store, manage, share and analyze video and other digital evidence (collectively, the ‘Software and Sensors” segment); and the manufacture and sale of CEDs, batteries, accessories, extended warranties and other products and services (collectively, the “TASER” segment). In both segments, we report sales of products and services. Service revenue in both segments includes sales related to Axon Evidence. In the Software and Sensors segment, service revenue also includes other recurring cloud-hosted software revenue and related professional services. Collectively, this revenue is sometimes referred to as “Axon Cloud revenue.”

Reportable segments are determined based on discrete financial information reviewed by our Chief Executive Officer who is our chief operating decision maker (“CODM”). We organize and review operations based on products and services, and currently there are no operating segments that are aggregated. We perform an analysis of our reportable segments at least annually. Additional information related to our business segments is summarized in Note 19.

For a summary of net sales by geographic area, see Note 2. The majority of our sales to international customers are transacted in foreign currencies and are attributed to each country based on the shipping address of the distributor or customer. For the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021, no individual country outside the United States represented more than 10% of net sales. Substantially all of our assets are located in the United States.

Stock-Based Compensation

We recognize expense related to stock-based compensation transactions in which we receive services in exchange for equity instruments of the Company. Stock-based compensation expense for restricted stock units (“RSUs”) is measured based on the closing fair market value of our common stock on the date of grant. When determining the grant date fair value of stock-based awards, we consider whether an adjustment is required to the observable market price or volatility of our common stock used in the valuation as a result of material non-public information. We recognize stock-based compensation expense over the award’s requisite service period on a straight-line basis for time-based RSUs. For performance-based RSUs, stock-based compensation expense is recognized over the requisite service period, which is defined as the longest explicit, implicit or derived service period based on management’s estimate of the probability of the performance criteria being satisfied, adjusted at each balance sheet date. For performance-based options with a vesting schedule based entirely on the attainment of both performance and market conditions, stock-based compensation expense is recognized over the longer of the expected achievement period of the performance and market conditions, beginning at the point in time that the relevant performance condition is considered probable of achievement. For both time-based and performance-based RSUs, we recognize forfeitures as they occur as a reduction to stock-based compensation expense and to additional paid-in-capital.

eXponential Stock Performance Plan

On February 12, 2019, our shareholders approved the Axon Enterprise, Inc. 2019 Stock Incentive Plan (the “2019 Plan”), which was adopted by the Board of Directors to reserve a sufficient number of shares to facilitate our eXponential Stock Performance Plan (“2019 XSPP”) and grants of eXponential Stock Units (“2019 XSUs”) under the plan. The XSUs are grants of performance-based RSUs, each with a term of approximately nine years, that vest in 12 substantially equal tranches. Each of the 12 tranches vest upon certification by the Compensation Committee of the Board of Directors (the “Compensation Committee”) that both (i) the market capitalization goal for such tranche, which begins at $2.5 billion for the first tranche and increases by increments of $1.0 billion thereafter, and (ii) any one of eight operational goals focused on revenue or eight operational goals focused on Adjusted EBITDA have been met for the previous four consecutive fiscal

quarters. As of December 31, 2023, all 12 market capitalization and operational goals have been achieved and certified by the Compensation Committee. We recorded stock-based compensation expense of $199.9 million related to the 2019 XSU awards from their respective grant dates through December 31, 2023. As of December 31, 2023, no unrecognized stock-based compensation expense remained under the 2019 XSPP.

Stock-based compensation expense associated with 2019 XSU awards is recognized over the longest explicit, implicit or derived service period for each pair of market capitalization and operational goals, beginning at the point in time when the relevant operational goal is considered probable of being met. The market capitalization goal period and the valuation of each tranche are determined using a Monte Carlo simulation, which is also used as the basis for determining the expected achievement period of the market capitalization goal. The probability of meeting an operational goal and the expected achievement point in time for meeting a probable operational goal are based on a subjective assessment of our forward-looking financial projections, taking into consideration statistical analysis. Even though no tranches of the 2019 XSU awards vest unless a market capitalization and a matching operational goal are both achieved, stock-based compensation expense is recognized when an operational goal is considered probable of achievement regardless of whether a market capitalization goal is actually achieved.

Given the complexity of the awards, we utilized Monte Carlo simulations to simulate a range of possible future market capitalizations for the Company over the term of the awards at each of the respective grant dates. The average of all iterations of the simulation was used as the basis for the valuation and market capitalization goal derived service period for each tranche. Additionally, we applied an illiquidity discount of between 10.3% and 17.6% to the valuation of 2019 XSUs because the awards specify a post-vest holding period of 2.5 years for the acquired shares that vest. Certain of the 2019 XSU awards specify a post-vest holding period of the longer of 2.5 years or until the next tranche vests. The illiquidity discounts were estimated using the Finnerty model and reduced by the impact of expected payroll and income taxes due upon vesting of the awards, as the related proportion of shares are expected to be sold to satisfy such obligations. We measured the grant date fair value of the 2019 XSU awards with the following assumptions: risk-free interest rate of between 0.5% and 4.1%, expected term of between 5.2 and 8.0 years, expected volatility of between 46.4% and 55.8%, and dividend yield of 0.00%.

Stock Options

On May 24, 2018, our shareholders approved the Board of Directors’ grant of 6,365,856 performance-based stock options to Patrick W. Smith, our Chief Executive Officer (the “2018 CEO Performance Award”). The 2018 CEO Performance Award consists of 12 substantially equal tranches with a vesting schedule based entirely on the attainment of both operational goals (performance conditions) and market capitalization goals (market conditions), assuming continued employment either as the Chief Executive Officer or as both Executive Chairman and Chief Product Officer and service through each vesting date. Stock-based compensation expense associated with the 2018 CEO Performance Award is recognized over the requisite service period, which is defined as the longer of the expected achievement period for each pair of market capitalization and operational goals, beginning at the point in time when the relevant operational goal is considered probable of being met. As of December 31, 2023, all 12 market capitalization and operational goals have been achieved and certified by the Compensation Committee. As a result, 6.4 million stock options have vested. As all 12 operational goals have been achieved, we recorded stock-based compensation expense of $246.0 million related to the 2018 CEO Performance Award. As of December 31, 2023, no unrecognized stock-based compensation expense remained under the 2018 CEO Performance Award.

No stock options were awarded during the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 or 2021.

Income (Loss) per Common Share

Basic income or loss per common share is computed by dividing net income (loss) by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the periods presented. Diluted income (loss) per share reflects the potential dilution from outstanding stock options and unvested RSUs. The effects of outstanding stock options, unvested RSUs, our 2027 Notes and warrants to acquire the number of shares of our common stock (the “Warrants” or “2027 Warrants”) are excluded from the computation of diluted net income per share in periods in which the effect would be antidilutive. The calculation of the weighted average number of shares outstanding and earnings per share are as follows (in thousands except per share data):

	For the Year Ended December 31,
	2023		2022		2021
Numerator for basic and diluted earnings per share:
Net income (loss)	$	174,227	$	147,139	$	(60,018)
Denominator:
Weighted average shares outstanding-basic		74,195		71,093		66,191
Dilutive effect of stock-based awards		1,261		1,441		—
Diluted weighted average shares outstanding		75,456		72,534		66,191
Net income (loss) per common share:
Basic	$	2.35	$	2.07	$	(0.91)
Diluted	$	2.31	$	2.03	$	(0.91)

Potentially dilutive securities that are not included in the calculation of diluted net income per share because doing so would be antidilutive are as follows (in thousands):

	For the Year Ended December 31,
	2023		2022		2021
Stock-based awards		1,014		3,264		7,690
2027 Notes		3,017		3,017		—
2027 Warrants		3,017		3,017		—
Total potentially dilutive securities		7,048		9,298		7,690

For additional information regarding our 2027 Notes, refer to Note 11.

Recently Issued Accounting Guidance

In November 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-07, Segment Reporting (Topic 280): Improvements to Reportable Segment Disclosures. ASU 2023-07 requires annual and interim disclosures that are expected to improve reportable segment disclosures, primarily through enhanced disclosures about significant segment expenses. The new standard is effective for our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ending December 31, 2024, and subsequent interim periods, with early adoption permitted. We are currently evaluating the impact of this update on our consolidated financial statements.

In December 2023, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) 2023-09, Income Taxes (Topic 740): Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures. ASU 2023-09 is intended to enhance the transparency and decision usefulness of income tax. The provisions of ASU 2023-09 are effective for our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ending December 31, 2025, with early adoption permitted. We are currently evaluating the impact of this update on our consolidated financial statements.

Reclassification of Prior Year Presentation

Certain prior year amounts have been reclassified for consistency with the current year presentation. These reclassifications are not material and had no effect on the reported results of operations.