Goodwill and other intangible assets

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2014

(11)

Goodwill and other intangible assets

A reconciliation of the change in the carrying value of goodwill is as follows (in millions).


	December 31,
	2014			2013
Balance at beginning of year	$	57,011		$	54,523
Acquisitions of businesses		4,006			2,732
Other, including foreign currency translation		(303	)		(244	)

Balance at end of year	$	60,714		$	57,011

Intangible assets other than goodwill are included in other assets and are summarized as follows (in millions).


	December 31, 2014				December 31, 2013
	Gross carrying amount		Accumulated amortization		Gross carrying amount		Accumulated amortization
Insurance and other	$	13,714	$	4,476	$	11,923	$	3,723
Railroad, utilities and energy		2,254		1,551		2,214		1,231

	$	15,968	$	6,027	$	14,137	$	4,954

Trademarks and trade names	$	3,117	$	599	$	2,750	$	340
Patents and technology		5,425		3,133		5,173		2,626
Customer relationships		5,603		1,768		4,690		1,518
Other		1,823		527		1,524		470

	$	15,968	$	6,027	$	14,137	$	4,954

Amortization expense was $1,155 million in 2014, $1,090 million in 2013 and $1,008 million in 2012. Estimated amortization expense over the next five years is as follows (in millions): 2015 – $927; 2016 – $870; 2017 – $856, 2018 – $759 and 2019 – $684. Intangible assets with indefinite lives as of December 31, 2014 and 2013 were $2,586 million and $2,221 million, respectively.

- Definition

The entire disclosure for the aggregate amount of goodwill and a description of intangible assets, which may include (a) for amortizable intangible assets (also referred to as finite-lived intangible assets), the carrying amount, the amount of any significant residual value, and the weighted-average amortization period, (b) for intangible assets not subject to amortization (also referred to as indefinite-lived intangible assets), the carrying amount, and (c) the amount of research and development assets acquired and written off in the period, including the line item in the income statement in which the amounts written off are aggregated, if not readily apparent from the income statement. Also discloses (a) for amortizable intangibles assets in total and by major class, the gross carrying amount and accumulated amortization, the total amortization expense for the period, and the estimated aggregate amortization expense for each of the five succeeding fiscal years, (b) for intangible assets not subject to amortization the carrying amount in total and by major class, and (c) for goodwill, in total and for each reportable segment, the changes in the carrying amount of goodwill during the period (including the aggregate amount of goodwill acquired, the aggregate amount of impairment losses recognized, and the amount of goodwill included in the gain (loss) on disposal of a reporting unit). If any part of goodwill has not been allocated to a reportable segment, discloses the unallocated amount and the reasons for not allocating. For each impairment loss recognized related to an intangible asset (excluding goodwill), discloses: (a) a description of the impaired intangible asset and the facts and circumstances leading to the impairment, (b) the amount of the impairment loss and the method for determining fair value, (c) the caption in the income statement or the statement of activities in which the impairment loss is aggregated, and (d) the segment in which the impaired intangible asset is reported. For each goodwill impairment loss recognized, discloses: (a) a description of the facts and circumstances leading to the impairment, (b) the amount of the impairment loss and the method of determining the fair value of the associated reporting unit, and (c) if a recognized impairment loss is an estimate not finalized and the reasons why the estimate is not final. May also disclose the nature and amount of any significant adjustments made to a previous estimate of an impairment loss.

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