
Millions of dollars	North America		EMEA		Latin America		Asia		Total Whirlpool
Ending balance December 31, 2020	$	1,695	$	329	$	34	$	438	$	2,496
Currency translation adjustment	—		(22)		(1)		3		(20)
Divestitures and acquisitions (1)	$	—	$	(11)	$	—	$	20	$	9
Ending balance December 31, 2021	$	1,695	$	296	$	33	$	461	$	2,485
Currency translation adjustment	(3)		(18)		—		(9)		(30)
Divestitures and acquisitions (2)	1,137		—		—		—		1,137
Impairment (3)	$	—	$	(278)	$	—	$	—	$	(278)
Ending balance December 31, 2022	$	2,829	$	—	$	33	$	452	$	3,314

(1)The net change in goodwill in 2021 is due to the divestiture of Turkey manufacturing entity, deconsolidation of Whirlpool China and consolidation of Elica PB India. For additional information, see Notes 1 and 17 to the Consolidated Financial Statements.

In connection with the preparation of our Consolidated Condensed Financial Statements for three months ended June 30, 2022, we identified indicators of goodwill impairment for our EMEA reporting unit, which required us to complete an interim impairment assessment. The primary indicators of impairment were the adverse impacts from the continuation of the Russia and Ukraine conflict, including the impact on demand, the divestiture of our Russian operations and other ongoing adverse macroeconomic impacts such as raw material inflation, supply chain disruption and unfavorable demand. As a result of these factors, the operating results for the three-months ended June 30, 2022 were significantly lower than expected and our expectations of attaining our long term plans for the region were delayed.

In performing our quantitative assessment of goodwill, we estimated the reporting unit's fair value under an income approach using a discounted cash flow model. The income approach used the reporting unit's projections of estimated operating results and cash flows that were discounted using a market participant discount rate based on the weighted-average cost of capital. The main assumptions supporting the cash flow projections include revenue growth, EBIT margins and the discount rate. The financial projections reflect management's best estimate of economic and market conditions over the projected period including forecasted revenue growth, EBIT margins, tax rate, capital expenditures, depreciation and amortization, changes in working capital requirements and the terminal growth rate.

Based on our interim quantitative impairment assessment as of June 30, 2022, the carrying value of the EMEA reporting unit exceeded its fair value and we recorded a goodwill impairment charge for the full amount of the goodwill's carrying value of $278 million during the second quarter of 2022.

We completed our annual test for goodwill as of October 1, 2022. The Company performed a qualitative assessment for all our reporting units and determined no impairment was indicated, other than the amounts recorded during the second quarter of 2022.

For the annual impairment test for goodwill as of October 1, 2021, the Company elected to bypass the qualitative assessment and perform a quantitative assessment to evaluate goodwill for all our reporting units. Based on the quantitative assessment we determined there was no impairment of goodwill.


	December 31, 2022						December 31, 2021
Millions of dollars	Gross Carrying Amount		Accumulated Amortization		Net		Gross Carrying Amount		Accumulated Amortization		Net
Other intangible assets, finite lives:
Customer relationships (1)	$	668	$	(287)	$	381	$	443	$	(334)	$	109
Patents and other (2)	116		(113)		3		191		(188)		3
Total other intangible assets, finite lives	$	784	$	(400)	$	384	$	634	$	(522)	$	112
Trademarks, indefinite lives (3)(4)(5)	2,780		—		2,780		1,869		—		1,869
Total other intangible assets	$	3,564	$	(400)	$	3,164	$	2,503	$	(522)	$	1,981

(1)Customer relationships have an estimated useful life of 5 to 19 years. Includes $327 million of customer relationships, net of accumulated amortization, acquired as part of InSinkErator acquisition.

(3)Impairment loss of $70 million and $36 million was recorded for Indesit and Hotpoint* trademarks, respectively, in the second quarter of 2022. In the fourth quarter of 2022, the remaining carrying value of $225 million for these trademarks was classified as held for sale.

(4)Trademarks valued at $1.3 billion were acquired as part of the InSinkErator acquisition. For additional information, see Notes 11 and 17 to the Consolidated Financial Statements.

Similarly to the review of EMEA reporting unit, and in connection with the preparation of our Consolidated Condensed Financial Statements for three months ended June 30, 2022, we identified indicators of impairment associated with other intangible assets in our EMEA reporting unit, which required us to complete an interim impairment assessment. The primary indicators of impairment were the same as those identified for EMEA reporting unit and resulted in the actual revenues for the three-months ended June 30, 2022 being significantly lower than forecasted for Indesit and Hotpoint* trademarks.

In performing our quantitative assessment of other intangible assets, primarily trademarks, we estimate the fair value using the relief-from-royalty method which requires assumptions related to projected revenues from our long-range plans; assumed royalty rates that could be payable if we did not own the trademark; and a discount rate using a market-based weighted-average cost of capital. Based on our interim quantitative impairment assessment as of June 30, 2022, the carrying value of certain other intangible assets, including Indesit and Hotpoint*, exceeded their fair value, and we recorded an impairment charge of $106 million during the second quarter of 2022. See Note 11 to the Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information.

The estimates of future cash flows used in determining the fair value of goodwill and intangible assets involve significant management judgment and are based upon assumptions about expected future operating performance, economic conditions, market conditions and cost of capital. Inherent in estimating the future cash flows are uncertainties beyond our control, such as changes in capital markets. The actual cash flows could differ materially from management's estimates due to changes in business conditions, operating performance and economic conditions.

We completed our annual impairment assessment for other intangible assets as of October 1, 2022. The Company elected to bypass the qualitative assessment and perform a quantitative assessment to evaluate certain indefinite-life intangible assets. Based on the results of the quantitative annual assessment, we determined there was no further impairment of the carrying values of intangible assets, other than the amounts recorded during the second quarter of 2022.

In the fourth quarter of 2022, and in connection with the classification of our European major domestic appliance business to held for sale, we recorded a loss of $1,521 million for the write-down of the disposal group to its estimated fair value of $139 million. The loss from the transaction includes the remaining carrying values of Hotpoint* and Indesit trademarks for $92 million and $133 million, respectively, and write-down of other intangible assets of $54 million. See Note 11 and 17 to the Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information.

We completed our annual impairment assessment for other intangible assets as of October 1, 2021. The Company elected to bypass the qualitative assessment and perform a quantitative assessment to evaluate certain indefinite-lived intangible assets. Based on the results of the quantitative assessment, we determined there was no impairment of intangible assets. See Note 11 to the Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information.

The following table summarizes our future estimated amortization expense by year. Amortization expense related to intangible assets transferred to held for sale of our European major appliance business are excluded beyond 2023.