Goodwill and Other Intangibles

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2017

Goodwill and Intangible Assets Disclosure [Abstract]

GOODWILL AND OTHER INTANGIBLES

Goodwill

The following table summarizes goodwill attributable to our reporting units at December 31, 2017 and 2016:



Millions of dollars	2017		2016
North America	$	1,755	$	1,734
EMEA	920		808
Latin America	5		4
Asia	438		410
Total	$	3,118	$	2,956

The change in the carrying value of goodwill was primarily due to purchase price allocations and the impact of foreign currency.

Other Intangible Assets

The following table summarizes other intangible assets at December 31, 2017 and 2016:



	2017							2016
Millions of dollars	Gross Carrying Amount		Accumulated Amortization			Net		Gross Carrying Amount		Accumulated Amortization			Net
Other intangible assets, finite lives:
Customer relationships ⁽¹⁾	$	639	$	(297	)	$	342	$	617	$	(237	)	$	380
Patents and other ⁽²⁾	387		(179		)	208		337		(150		)	187
Total other intangible assets, finite lives	$	1,026	$	(476	)	$	550	$	954	$	(387	)	$	567
Trademarks, indefinite lives	2,041		—			2,041		1,985		—			1,985
Total other intangible assets	$	3,067	$	(476	)	$	2,591	$	2,939	$	(387	)	$	2,552

^{(1) Customer relationships have an estimated useful life of}³^to¹⁶^years.

^{(2) Patents and other intangibles have an estimated useful life of}¹^to⁴¹^years.

The change in the gross carrying value of other intangible assets was primarily due to the transfer of certain intangible land use rights to the China government resulting in a $42 million gain along with the impact of foreign currency. Amortization expense was $79 million, $71 million and $74 million for the years ended December 31, 2017, 2016 and 2015, respectively. The following table summarizes our future estimated amortization expense by year:



Millions of dollars
2018	$	74
2019	61
2020	61
2021	58
2022	51

- Definition

The entire disclosure for the aggregate amount of goodwill and a description of intangible assets, which may include (a) for amortizable intangible assets (also referred to as finite-lived intangible assets), the carrying amount, the amount of any significant residual value, and the weighted-average amortization period, (b) for intangible assets not subject to amortization (also referred to as indefinite-lived intangible assets), the carrying amount, and (c) the amount of research and development assets acquired and written off in the period, including the line item in the income statement in which the amounts written off are aggregated, if not readily apparent from the income statement. Also discloses (a) for amortizable intangibles assets in total and by major class, the gross carrying amount and accumulated amortization, the total amortization expense for the period, and the estimated aggregate amortization expense for each of the five succeeding fiscal years, (b) for intangible assets not subject to amortization the carrying amount in total and by major class, and (c) for goodwill, in total and for each reportable segment, the changes in the carrying amount of goodwill during the period (including the aggregate amount of goodwill acquired, the aggregate amount of impairment losses recognized, and the amount of goodwill included in the gain (loss) on disposal of a reporting unit). If any part of goodwill has not been allocated to a reportable segment, discloses the unallocated amount and the reasons for not allocating. For each impairment loss recognized related to an intangible asset (excluding goodwill), discloses: (a) a description of the impaired intangible asset and the facts and circumstances leading to the impairment, (b) the amount of the impairment loss and the method for determining fair value, (c) the caption in the income statement or the statement of activities in which the impairment loss is aggregated, and (d) the segment in which the impaired intangible asset is reported. For each goodwill impairment loss recognized, discloses: (a) a description of the facts and circumstances leading to the impairment, (b) the amount of the impairment loss and the method of determining the fair value of the associated reporting unit, and (c) if a recognized impairment loss is an estimate not finalized and the reasons why the estimate is not final. May also disclose the nature and amount of any significant adjustments made to a previous estimate of an impairment loss.

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