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Income Taxes (Tables)
 9 Months Ended
Sep. 30, 2016
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]  
Schedule of effective income tax rate reconciliation
. The following table summarizes the difference between income tax expense at the United States statutory rate of 35% and the income tax expense at effective worldwide tax rates for the respective periods:


Three Months Ended September 30,

Nine Months Ended September 30,
Millions of dollars

2016

2015

2016

2015
Earnings before income taxes

$
305


$
267


$
806


$
749










Income tax expense computed at United States statutory tax rate

107


93


282


262

Valuation allowance releases

(59
)

(68
)

(164
)

(126
)
Audits and settlements

(3
)

6


(35
)

8

U.S. foreign income items, net of credits

4


(18
)

(6
)

(32
)
Foreign government tax incentive

(2
)

—


(5
)

(8
)
Other

14


4


(8
)

12

Income tax expense computed at effective worldwide tax rates

$
61


$
17


$
64


$
116