10-Q 1 g18744e10vq.htm 10-Q 10-Q
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UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
Form 10-Q
(Mark One)
     
þ   QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the Quarterly Period Ended March 31, 2009
or
     
o   TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the transition period from to
Commission File Number: 000-25955
Waste Services, Inc.
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)
     
Delaware   01-0780204
(State or other jurisdiction of   (I.R.S. Employer
incorporation or organization)   Identification No.)
1122 International Blvd., Suite 601, Burlington, Ontario, Canada L7L 6Z8
(Address of principal executive offices) (Zip Code)
(905) 319-1237
(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)
     Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes o No þ
      Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, or a smaller reporting company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer” and “smaller reporting company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. (Check one):
             
     Large accelerated filer o    Accelerated filer þ    Non-accelerated filer   o
(Do not check if a smaller reporting company)
  Smaller reporting company o 
     Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes o No þ
     The number of shares of Common Stock, $0.01 par value, of the registrant outstanding at April 20, 2009 was 46,253,519 (assuming exchange of 138,100 exchangeable shares of Waste Services (CA) Inc. not owned by Capital Environmental Holdings Company for 46,033 shares of the registrant’s common stock).
 
 

 


 

TABLE OF CONTENTS
         
    Page  
PART I — FINANCIAL INFORMATION
       
    2  
    3  
    4  
    5  
    6  
    24  
    37  
    37  
 
       
PART II — OTHER INFORMATION
    38  
    38  
    38  
    38  
    38  
    38  
    38  
    39  
 EX-31.1
 EX-31.2
 EX-32.1

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PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION
Item 1. Financial Statements
WASTE SERVICES, INC.
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
(In thousands, except share amounts)
                 
    March 31,     December 31,  
    2009     2008  
    (Unaudited)          
ASSETS
               
Current assets:
               
Cash
  $ 11,569     $ 7,227  
Accounts receivable (net of allowance for doubtful accounts of$599 and $631 as of March 31, 2009 and December 31, 2008, respectively)
    47,341       52,062  
Prepaid expenses and other current assets
    12,065       13,672  
 
           
 
               
Total current assets
    70,975       72,961  
 
               
Property and equipment, net
    181,334       188,800  
Landfill sites, net
    194,823       196,632  
Goodwill and other intangible assets, net
    368,930       372,886  
Other assets
    9,140       9,648  
 
           
 
               
Total assets
  $ 825,202     $ 840,927  
 
           
LIABILITIES AND SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY
               
 
               
Current liabilities:
               
Accounts payable
  $ 15,810     $ 19,341  
Accrued expenses and other current liabilities
    61,321       62,802  
Short-term financing and current portion of long-term debt
    12,215       11,102  
 
           
 
               
Total current liabilities
    89,346       93,245  
 
               
Long-term debt
    344,067       360,967  
Deferred income taxes
    33,650       32,298  
Accrued closure, post-closure, fair value of warrants and other obligations
    21,720       19,399  
 
           
 
               
Total liabilities
    488,783       505,909  
 
           
 
               
Shareholders’ equity:
               
Common stock $0.01 par value: 166,666,666 shares authorized, 44,173,990 and 43,985,436 shares issued and outstanding as of March 31, 2009 and December 31, 2008, respectively
    441       439  
Additional paid-in capital
    500,321       512,942  
Accumulated other comprehensive income
    36,852       38,221  
Accumulated deficit
    (201,195 )     (216,584 )
 
           
 
               
Total shareholders’ equity
    336,419       335,018  
 
           
 
               
Total liabilities and shareholders’ equity
  $ 825,202     $ 840,927  
 
           
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.

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WASTE SERVICES, INC.
UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS
(In thousands, except per share data)
                 
    Three Months Ended March 31,  
    2009     2008  
Revenue
  $ 95,792     $ 116,609  
 
               
Operating and other expenses:
               
Cost of operations (exclusive of depreciation, depletion and amortization)
    63,208       76,544  
Selling, general and administrative expense (exclusive of depreciation, depletion and amortization)
    13,209       16,365  
Depreciation, depletion and amortization
    10,360       11,702  
Gain on sale of property and equipment, foreign exchange and other
    (3,310 )     (173 )
 
           
Income from operations
    12,325       12,171  
Interest expense
    7,498       10,238  
Change in fair value of warrants
    (1,771 )      
 
           
Income from continuing operations before income taxes
    6,598       1,933  
Income tax provision (benefit)
    2,588       (3,397 )
 
           
Income from continuing operations
    4,010       5,330  
 
               
Income from discontinued operations, net of income tax provision of $265 for the three months ended March 31, 2008
          409  
Gain on sale of discontinued operations, net of income tax provision of $4,549 for the three months ended March 31, 2008
          6,969  
 
           
 
               
Net income
  $ 4,010     $ 12,708  
 
           
 
               
Basic and diluted earnings per share:
               
Earnings per share - continuing operations
  $ 0.09     $ 0.12  
Earnings per share - discontinued operations
          0.16  
 
           
Earnings per share - basic and diluted
  $ 0.09     $ 0.28  
 
           
 
               
Weighted average common shares outstanding - basic
    46,254       46,075  
 
           
Weighted average common shares outstanding - diluted
    46,280       46,093  
 
           
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.

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WASTE SERVICES, INC.
UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY
For the Three Months Ended March 31, 2009
(In thousands)
                                                 
                            Accumulated                
    Waste Services, Inc.     Additional     Other             Total  
    Common Stock     Paid-in     Comprehensive     Accumulated     Shareholders’  
    Shares     Amount     Capital     Income     Deficit     Equity  
Balance, December 31, 2008, as previously reported
    43,985     $ 439     $ 512,942     $ 38,221     $ (216,584 )   $ 335,018  
Cumulative effect of reclassification of warrants
                (13,774 )           11,379       (2,395 )
 
                                   
Balance, January 1, 2009, as adjusted
    43,985       439       499,168       38,221       (205,205 )     332,623  
Stock-based compensation
    172       2       1,153                   1,155  
Conversion of exchangeable shares
    17                                
Foreign currency translation adjustment
                      (1,369 )           (1,369 )
Net income
                            4,010       4,010  
 
                                   
 
                                               
Balance, March 31, 2009
    44,174     $ 441     $ 500,321     $ 36,852     $ (201,195 )   $ 336,419  
 
                                   
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.

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WASTE SERVICES, INC.
UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
(In thousands)
                 
    Three Months Ended March 31,  
    2009     2008  
Cash flows from operating activities:
               
Net income
  $ 4,010     $ 12,708  
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash flows from operating activities:
               
Net income from discontinued operations, net of tax
          (7,378 )
Depreciation, depletion and amortization
    10,360       11,702  
Amortization of debt issue costs and discounts
    839       1,038  
Deferred income tax provision (benefit)
    1,578       (5,520 )
Non-cash stock-based compensation expense
    1,155       881  
Change in fair value of warrants
    (1,771 )      
Gain on sale of property and equipment and other non-cash items
    (3,363 )     (4 )
Changes in operating assets and liabilities (excluding the effects of acquisitions and dispositions):
               
Accounts receivable
    3,745       7,209  
Prepaid expenses and other current assets
    1,401       (35 )
Accounts payable
    (3,181 )     (5,053 )
Accrued expenses and other current liabilities
    2,132       (7,214 )
 
           
Net cash provided by continuing operations
    16,905       8,334  
Net cash provided by discontinued operations
          1,163  
 
           
Net cash provided by operating activities
    16,905       9,497  
 
           
 
               
Cash flows from investing activities:
               
Cash used in business combinations
    (576 )      
Capital expenditures
    (6,944 )     (10,407 )
Proceeds from asset sales and business divestitures
    6,513       57,332  
Deposits for business acquisitions and other
          (1,716 )
 
           
Net cash provided by (used in) continuing operations
    (1,007 )     45,209  
Net cash used in discontinued operations
          (43 )
 
           
Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities
    (1,007 )     45,166  
 
           
 
               
Cash flows from financing activities:
               
Draw on revolving credit facility
    1,561        
Principal repayments of debt and capital lease obligations
    (13,317 )     (42,859 )
Fees paid for financing transactions
    (62 )      
 
           
Net cash used in financing activities - continuing operations
    (11,818 )     (42,859 )
 
           
 
               
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash
    262       (224 )
 
           
Increase in cash
    4,342       11,580  
Cash at the beginning of the period
    7,227       20,706  
 
           
Cash at the end of the period
  $ 11,569     $ 32,286  
 
           
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.

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WASTE SERVICES, INC.
NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
1. Organization of Business and Basis of Presentation
     The accompanying Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements include the accounts of Waste Services, Inc. (“Waste Services”) and its wholly owned subsidiaries (collectively, “we”, “us”, or “our”). We are a multi-regional, integrated solid waste services company, providing collection, transfer, landfill disposal and recycling services for commercial, industrial and residential customers. Our operating strategy is disposal-based, whereby we enter geographic markets with attractive growth or positive competitive characteristics by acquiring and developing landfill disposal capacity, then acquiring and developing waste collection and transfer operations. Our operations are located in the United States and Canada. Our U.S. operations are located in Florida and our Canadian operations are located in Eastern Canada (Ontario) and Western Canada (Alberta, Saskatchewan and British Columbia). We divested our Jacksonville, Florida operations in March 2008 and as a result, these operations are presented as discontinued for all periods presented.
     These Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements have been prepared pursuant to the rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission. All significant intercompany transactions and accounts have been eliminated. All figures are presented in thousands of U.S. dollars, except share and per share data, or except where expressly stated as being in Canadian dollars (“C$”) or in millions. Certain information related to our organization, significant accounting policies and footnote disclosures normally included in financial statements prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States (“GAAP”) has been condensed or omitted. The accounting policies followed in the preparation of these Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements are consistent with those followed in our annual consolidated financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2008, as filed on Form 10-K. In the opinion of management, these Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements contain all material adjustments, consisting only of normal recurring adjustments, necessary to fairly state our financial position, results of operations and cash flows for the periods presented and the presentations and disclosures herein are adequate when read in conjunction with our Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2008. Income taxes during these interim periods have been provided based on our anticipated annual effective income tax rate for each respective tax jurisdiction. Certain reclassifications have been made to the prior period financial statement amounts to conform to the current presentation. Due to the seasonal nature of our business, operating results for interim periods are not necessarily indicative of the results for full years.
     The preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenue and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates. Significant estimates include the allowance for doubtful accounts, depletion of landfill development costs, carrying amounts of goodwill and other intangible assets, liabilities for landfill capping, closure and post-closure obligations, insurance reserves, restructuring reserves, revenue recognition, liabilities for potential litigation, valuation assumptions for share-based payments and warrants, carrying amounts of long-lived assets and deferred taxes.
     A portion of our operations is domiciled in Canada. For each reporting period we translate the results of operations and financial condition of our Canadian operations into U.S. dollars, in accordance with Statement of Financial Accounting Standards (“SFAS”) No. 52, “Foreign Currency Translation”, (“SFAS 52”). Therefore, the reported results of our operations and financial condition are subject to changes in the exchange relationship between the two currencies. For example, as the relationship of the Canadian dollar strengthens against the U.S. dollar, revenue is favorably affected and conversely expenses are unfavorably affected. Assets and liabilities of our Canadian operations are translated from Canadian dollars into U.S. dollars at the exchange rates in effect at the relevant balance sheet dates, and revenue and expenses of our Canadian operations are translated from Canadian dollars into U.S. dollars at the average exchange rates prevailing during the period. Unrealized gains and losses on translation of our Canadian operations into U.S. dollars are reported as a separate component of shareholders’ equity and are included in comprehensive income or loss. Monetary assets and liabilities, as well as intercompany balances denominated in U.S. dollars held by our Canadian operations are re-measured from U.S. dollars into Canadian dollars and then translated into U.S. dollars. The effects of re-measurement are reported currently as a component of net income (loss). Currently, we do not hedge our exposure to changes in foreign exchange rates.

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WASTE SERVICES, INC.
NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)
     Basic earnings per share is calculated by dividing net income by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding for the period, including exchangeable shares of Waste Services (CA) not owned by us. Diluted earnings per share is calculated based on the weighted average number of common shares outstanding for the period, including the exchangeable shares, plus the dilutive effect of common stock purchase warrants, stock options and restricted stock units using the treasury stock method. Contingently issuable shares will be included in the calculation of basic earnings per share when all contingencies surrounding the issuance of the shares are met and the shares are issued or issuable. Contingently issuable shares are included in the calculation of dilutive earnings per share as of the beginning of the reporting period if, at the end of the reporting period, all contingencies surrounding the issuance of the shares are satisfied or would be satisfied if the end of the reporting period were the end of the contingency period.
     For purposes of computing net income per common share, the basic and diluted weighted average number of common shares outstanding for the three months ended March 31, 2009 and 2008 includes the effect of 6,266,939 and 6,303,187 exchangeable shares of Waste Services (CA), respectively (exchangeable for 2,088,979 and 2,101,062 shares of our common stock, respectively), as if they were shares of our outstanding common stock. For the three months ended March 31, 2009 and 2008, 4,754,839 and 7,702,740 stock options and common stock purchase warrants were antidilutive, respectively, as the exercise price of such options and warrants was in excess of the average market price for our common stock for such periods.
2. Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements and Adopted Accounting
     Effective January 1, 2009 we adopted the provisions of EITF 07-5, "Determining Whether an Instrument (or Embedded Feature) is Indexed to an Entity’s Own Stock” (“EITF 07-5”). EITF 07-5 applies to any freestanding financial instruments or embedded features that have the characteristics of a derivative, as defined by SFAS No. 133, “Accounting for Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities,” and to any freestanding financial instruments that are potentially settled in an entity’s own common stock. As a result of adopting EITF 07-5, 2,383,333 of our issued and outstanding common stock purchase warrants previously treated as equity pursuant to the derivative treatment exemption were no longer afforded equity treatment. These warrants have an exercise price of $9.00 and expire in May 2010. As such, effective January 1, 2009 we reclassified the fair value of these common stock purchase warrants, which have exercise price reset features, from equity to liability status as if these warrants were treated as a derivative liability since their date of issue in May 2003. On January 1, 2009, we reclassified from additional paid-in capital, as a cumulative effect adjustment, $11.4 million to beginning retained earnings and $2.4 million to a long-term warrant liability to recognize the fair value of such warrants on such date. The fair value of these common stock purchase warrants declined to $0.6 million as of March 31, 2009. As such, we recognized a $1.8 million gain from the change in fair value of these warrants for the three months ended March 31, 2009.
     These common stock purchase warrants were initially issued in connection with our May 2003 issuance of 55,000 shares of redeemable preferred stock, which was subsequently exchanged and/or redeemed in December 2006. The common stock purchase warrants were not issued with the intent of effectively hedging any future cash flow, fair value of any asset, liability or any net investment in a foreign operation. The warrants do not qualify for hedge accounting, and as such, all future changes in the fair value of these warrants will be recognized currently in earnings until such time as the warrants are exercised or expire. These common stock purchase warrants do not trade in an active securities market, and as such, we estimate the fair value of these warrants using the Black-Scholes option pricing model using the following assumptions:
                 
    March 31,   January 1,
    2009   2009
Annual dividend yield
           
Expected life (years)
    1.1       1.4  
Risk-free interest rate
    0.6 %     0.4 %
Expected volatility
    63 %     56 %
     Expected volatility is based primarily on historical volatility. Historical volatility was computed using daily pricing observations for recent periods that correspond to the last twelve months. We believe this method produces an estimate that is representative of our expectations of future volatility over the expected term of these warrants. We currently have no reason to believe future volatility over the expected remaining life of these warrants is likely to differ materially from historical volatility. The expected life is based on the remaining term of the warrants. The risk-free interest rate is based on one-year U.S. Treasury securities.

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WASTE SERVICES, INC.
NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)
     In September 2006, the FASB issued SFAS No. 157, “Fair Value Measurements” (“SFAS 157”), which defines fair value, establishes a framework for measuring fair value in GAAP, and expands disclosures about fair value measurements. SFAS 157 does not require any new fair value measurements, but provides guidance on how to measure fair value by providing a fair value hierarchy used to classify the source of the information. In February 2008, the FASB deferred the effective date of SFAS 157 by one year for certain non-financial assets and non-financial liabilities, except those that are recognized or disclosed at fair value in the financial statements on a recurring basis (at least annually). On January 1, 2008, we adopted the provisions of SFAS 157, except as it applies to those nonfinancial assets and nonfinancial liabilities for which the effective date has been delayed by one year, which we adopted on January 1, 2009. The adoption of SFAS 157 did not have a material effect on our financial position or results of operations. The book values of cash, accounts receivable and accounts payable approximate their respective fair values due to the short-term nature of these instruments. The fair value of the term loan facilities under our Senior Secured Credit Facilities and our 91/2% Senior Subordinated Notes at March 31, 2009 is estimated at $127.6 million and $120.0 million, respectively, based on quoted market prices.
     The fair value hierarchy distinguishes between assumptions based on market data (observable inputs) and an entity’s own assumptions (unobservable inputs). The hierarchy consists of three levels:
    Level one — Quoted market prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities;
 
    Level two — Inputs other than level one inputs that are either directly or indirectly observable; and
 
    Level three — Unobservable inputs developed using estimates and assumptions, which are developed by the reporting entity and reflect those assumptions that a market participant would use.
     Determining which category an asset or liability falls within the hierarchy requires significant judgment. We evaluate our hierarchy disclosures each quarter. Liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis are summarized as follows (unaudited):
                                 
                               
                            March 31,  
    Level 1     Level 2     Level 3     2009  
Accrued closure and post-closure obligations
  $     $     $ 20,123     $ 20,123  
Accrued rent relative to October 2008 restructuring
                891       891  
Fair value of warrants
          624             624  
 
                       
Total
  $     $ 624     $ 21,014     $ 21,638  
 
                       
     A discussion of the valuation techniques used to measure fair value for the liabilities listed above and activity for these liabilities for the three months ended March 31, 2009 is provided elsewhere in this footnote and in Notes 8 and 13. We have no assets that are measured at fair value on a recurring basis. There were no assets or liabilities measured at fair value on a non-recurring basis during the three months ended March 31, 2009 other than assets acquired in an acquisition, which are discussed in Note 5.
     In December 2007, the FASB issued SFAS 141(R), which establishes the principles and requirements for how an acquirer (i) recognizes and measures in its financial statements the identifiable assets acquired, the liabilities assumed and any noncontrolling interest in the acquiree; (ii) recognizes and measures the goodwill acquired in the business combination or a gain from a bargain purchase; and (iii) determines what information to disclose to enable users of the financial statements to evaluate the nature and financial effects of the business combination. Previously any changes in valuation allowances as a result of income from acquisitions for certain deferred tax assets would serve to reduce goodwill. Under SFAS 141(R), any changes in the valuation allowance related to income from acquisitions currently or in prior periods now serves to reduce income taxes in the period in which the reserve is reversed. Additionally, under SFAS 141(R), transaction related expenses that were previously capitalized are now expensed as incurred. As of December 31, 2008, we had no deferred transaction related expenses for business combination transactions in negotiation. The provisions of SFAS 141(R) apply prospectively to business combinations consummated on or after January 1, 2009. There were no other transition adjustments upon our adoption of SFAS 141(R) on January 1, 2009.

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WASTE SERVICES, INC.
NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)
     In December 2007, the FASB issued SFAS No. 160, “Noncontrolling Interests in Consolidated Financial Statements — an amendment of ARB No. 51” (“SFAS 160”). SFAS 160 establishes accounting and reporting standards that require (i) noncontrolling interests to be reported as a component of equity; (ii) changes in a parent’s ownership interest while the parent retains its controlling interest to be accounted for as equity transactions; and (iii) any retained noncontrolling equity investment upon the deconsolidation of a subsidiary to be initially measured at fair value. Our adoption of SFAS 160 on January 1, 2009 did not have an effect on our financial position or results of operations.
3. Share-Based Payments
     Stock-based compensation expense was $1.2 million and $0.9 million for the three months ended March 31, 2009 and 2008, respectively. In the first quarter of 2008, we granted 742,500 restricted stock units (“RSU’s”) to certain employees and directors, which are eligible to vest in three equal tranches over each of the next three years, and are contingent on the achievement of specific annual performance criteria. During 2008, 55,000 of these RSU’s were forfeited. The aggregate fair value of the first tranche of restricted stock units is approximately $2.2 million, or $9.02 per unit, of which a total of $1.6 million has been expensed based on the achievement of specific performance criteria for 2008. We recognized $0.7 million of this expense in the first quarter of 2009. A total of 171,875 shares with an aggregate fair value of $0.7 million have vested in the first quarter of 2009. Vesting criteria for the second tranche of the 2008 grant has been set in the first quarter of 2009 and resulted in an aggregate fair value for the second tranche of $1.1 million, or $4.76 per unit, which is being expensed based on our estimate of achieving the specific performance criteria for 2009 on a straight-line basis over the requisite service period. We expect vesting criteria for the third tranche of this grant to be specified in the first quarter of 2010.
     In the first quarter of 2009, we granted 628,500 RSU’s to certain employees and directors, which are eligible to vest in three equal tranches over each of the next three years, and are also contingent on the achievement of specific annual performance criteria. The fair value of the first tranche of RSU’s of approximately $0.9 million, or $4.33 per unit, is being expensed based on our estimate of achieving the specific performance criteria for 2009 on a straight-line basis over the requisite service period. We expect vesting criteria for the second and third tranches of this grant will be specified during the year in which they are eligible to vest.
     Activity for our RSU’s for the three months ended March 31, 2009 is as follows (aggregate intrinsic value in thousands):
                                 
                    Weighted    
            Weighted   Average    
            Average   Remaining   Aggregate
    Number   Grant   Contractual   Intrinsic
    of Shares   Value   Term (Years)   Value
Nonvested restricted stock units -
                               
Beginning of the period
    229,158     $ 9.02       0.3     $ 1,508  
Granted
    438,669       4.55                  
Vested
    (171,875 )     9.02                  
Forfeited
                           
 
                               
End of the period
    495,952       5.07       1.0       2,123  
 
                               
     During the three months ended March 31, 2009, we granted options to purchase 282,500 shares of our common stock to certain employees. These options have an exercise price of $4.33 per share and vest one-third over each of the following three years. During the three months ended March 31, 2008, we granted options to purchase 230,000 shares of our common stock to certain employees. These options have an exercise price of $9.50 per share and vest one-third over each of the following three years. The weighted-average grant-date fair value of the option grants was $2.40 and $5.57, for the three months ended March 31, 2009 and 2008 respectively. The fair value of options granted is estimated using the Black-Scholes option pricing model using the following assumptions:
                 
    Three Months Ended March 31,
    2009   2008
Annual dividend yield
           
Weighted average expected life (years)
    7.0       7.0  
Risk-free interest rate
    2.6 %     3.2 %
Expected volatility
    52 %     61 %

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WASTE SERVICES, INC.
NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)
     Expected volatility is based primarily on historical volatility. Historical volatility was computed using daily pricing observations for recent periods that correspond to the expected life of the grant. We believe this method produces an estimate that is representative of our expectations of future volatility over the expected term of our options. We currently have no reason to believe future volatility over the expected life of these options is likely to differ materially from historical volatility. The weighted-average expected life is based on share option exercises, pre and post vesting terminations and share option term expiration. The risk-free interest rate is based on the U.S. Treasury security rate for the expected life of the options at the date of grant.
     SFAS 123(R) (revised 2004), “Share-Based Payment” requires the estimation of forfeitures when recognizing compensation expense and that this estimate of forfeitures be adjusted over the requisite service period should actual forfeitures differ from such estimates. Changes in estimated forfeitures are recognized through a cumulative adjustment, which is recognized in the period of change and which impacts the amount of unamortized compensation expense to be recognized in future periods.
     Stock option activity for the three months ended March 31, 2009 for employee options covered by our stock option plans is as follows (unaudited):
                         
    Number of   Weighted Average Exercise Price
    Shares Issuable   US$ Options   C$ Options (C$)
Options outstanding at the beginning of the period
    2,218,965     $ 12.29     $ 20.41  
Granted
    282,500       4.33        
Exercised
                 
Forfeited
    (14,000 )     9.50        
Expired
    (701,154 )     15.15       20.42  
 
                       
Options outstanding at the end of the period
    1,786,311       10.29       18.13  
 
                       
Options vested or expected to vest at the end of the period
    1,685,179       10.56       18.13  
 
                       
Options exercisable at the end of the period
    1,394,773       11.56       18.13  
 
                       
     There was no intrinsic value to the options outstanding at March 31, 2009. As of March 31, 2009, $1.1 million and $1.8 million of total unrecognized compensation cost related to employee stock options and RSU’s is expected to be recognized over a weighted average period of approximately 2.4 years and 1.0 year, respectively.
4. Discontinued Operations
     In March 2008, we sold our hauling and material recovery operations and a construction and demolition landfill site in the Jacksonville, Florida market to an independent third party. The proceeds from this sale approximated $56.7 million of cash, including working capital. At the time of close, we were actively pursuing an expansion at the landfill. If the construction and demolition landfill site did not obtain certain permits relating to an expansion, we would have been required to refund $10.0 million of the purchase price and receive title to the expansion property. Accordingly, at the time of closing we deferred this portion of the proceeds, net of our $3.0 million cost basis. During December 2008, the permits relating to the expansion were secured and the deferred gain was recognized. Simultaneously with the closing of the sale transaction we entered into an operating lease with the buyer for certain land and buildings used in the Jacksonville, Florida operations, for a term of five years at $0.5 million per year. The lessee had the option to purchase the leased assets for a purchase price of $6.0 million, which it exercised in March 2009 resulting in a gain on sale of $3.3 million, which is reflected in “Gain on sale of property and equipment, foreign exchange and other” on the accompanying Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statement of Operations for the three months ended March 31, 2009. The proceeds from the sale of the leased assets were utilized to repay amounts under the revolver portion of our Credit Facilities. At the time of close in March 2008, we utilized $42.5 million of the proceeds to make a prepayment of the term loan under our Senior Secured Credit Facilities. Accordingly, we expensed approximately $0.5 million of unamortized debt issue costs relating to this retirement. For the year ended 2008, we recognized a pre-tax gain on disposal of $18.4 million ($11.1 million net of tax) relative to the sale of the Jacksonville, Florida operations, of which $11.5 million ($7.0 million net of tax) was realized during the first quarter of 2008. Included in the calculation of the gain on disposal for the Jacksonville, Florida operations was approximately $23.6 million of goodwill. Subsequent to the disposal of the Jacksonville, Florida operations, we adjusted the pre-tax gain on disposal for the settlement of working capital of approximately $0.2 million.

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WASTE SERVICES, INC.
NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)
     We have presented the net assets and operations of our Jacksonville, Florida operations, as discontinued operations for all periods presented. Revenue and pre-tax income from discontinued operations was $4.7 million and $0.7 million for the three months ended March 31, 2008, respectively. The transaction to dispose of the Jacksonville, Florida operations was completed in 2008 and accordingly, these operations had no impact on our 2009 results.
5. Business Combinations and Significant Asset Acquisitions
     We believe the primary value of an acquisition is the opportunities made available to vertically integrate operations or increase market presence within a geographic market. We expect goodwill generated from the acquisitions described below to be deductible for income tax purposes.
     In January 2009, we acquired a “tuck-in” hauling operation in southwest Florida for an aggregate purchase price of $0.6 million, of which approximately $0.1 million related to a receivable due us from the seller at the time the acquisition was consummated. The net assets acquired and purchase price for this acquisition are as follows:
         
Purchase price - cash paid and other consideration
  $ 630  
 
     
Allocated as follows:
       
Accounts receivable
    21  
Property and equipment
    307  
 
     
Fair value of tangible assets acquired
    328  
 
     
Excess purchase price allocated to goodwill
  $ 302  
 
     
     We utilized level three inputs under SFAS 157 for determining the fair value of property and equipment in the above table and based fair value on other observable transactions for similar property and equipment.
     In December 2008, we acquired RIP, Inc., the owner of a construction and demolition waste landfill in Citrus Country, Florida (the “RIP Landfill”), for an aggregate purchase price of $7.7 million. Should the site be permitted as a Class I landfill, Class III landfill or as a transfer station, the sellers are entitled to future royalties at varied rates per ton based on the volume and type of waste deposited at the site.
     In December 2008, we acquired the assets of Commercial Clean-up Enterprises, Inc. (“Commercial Clean-up”), a construction and demolition hauling operation in Fort Myers, Florida, for a total purchase price of $6.1 million, of which $1.6 million is deferred and payable as we collect waste volumes from our pre-existing waste streams within the counties of Charlotte, Lee and Collier, Florida. We are internalizing the waste volumes associated with this acquisition to our SLD Landfill in southwest Florida.
     The following unaudited pro forma information shows the results of our operations for the three months ended March 31, 2008 as if acquisitions completed in 2008 and 2009 had occurred as of January 1, 2008 (in thousands except per share amounts):
         
Revenue
  $ 117,343  
 
     
Net income from continuing operations
  $ 5,161  
 
     
Basic and diluted earnings per share - continuing operations
  $ 0.11  
 
     
Pro forma weighted average number of common shares outstanding:
       
Basic
    46,075  
 
     
Diluted
    46,093  
 
     
     These unaudited pro forma condensed consolidated results have been prepared for comparative purposes only and are not necessarily indicative of the actual results of operations had the acquisitions taken place as of the beginning of 2008, or of the results of our future operations. Furthermore, the pro forma results do not give effect to all cost savings or incremental costs that may occur as a result of the integration and consolidation of the acquisitions. No pro forma disclosure has been presented for the three months ended March 31, 2009 as the results of the operations of the acquisitions described above have been included in our consolidated results for this period.

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WASTE SERVICES, INC.
NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)
6. Prepaid Expenses and Other Current Assets
     Prepaid expenses and other current assets consist of the following:
                 
    March 31,     December 31,  
    2009     2008  
    (Unaudited)          
Prepaid expenses
  $ 8,210     $ 9,793  
Parts and supplies
    1,715       1,733  
Other current assets
    2,140       2,146  
 
           
 
               
 
  $ 12,065     $ 13,672  
 
           
7. Property and Equipment
     Property and equipment consist of the following:
                 
    March 31,     December 31,  
    2009     2008  
    (Unaudited)          
Land and buildings
  $ 72,431     $ 74,497  
Vehicles
    137,736       141,650  
Containers, compactors and landfill and recycling equipment
    90,521       89,568  
Furniture, fixtures, other office equipment and leasehold improvements
    10,818       11,060  
 
           
Total property and equipment
    311,506       316,775  
Less: Accumulated depreciation
    (130,172 )     (127,975 )
 
           
Property and equipment, net
  $ 181,334     $ 188,800  
 
           
8. Landfill Sites, Accrued Closure, Post-Closure, Fair Value of Warrants and Other Obligations
Landfill Sites
     Landfill sites consist of the following:
                 
    March 31,     December 31,  
    2009     2008  
    (Unaudited)          
Landfill sites
  $ 261,984     $ 262,732  
Less: Accumulated depletion
    (67,161 )     (66,100 )
 
           
Landfill sites, net
  $ 194,823     $ 196,632  
 
           
     The changes in landfill sites for the three months ended March 31, 2009 and 2008 are as follows (unaudited):
                 
    Three Months Ended March 31,  
    2009     2008  
Balance at the beginning of the period
  $ 196,632     $ 190,451  
Landfill site construction costs
    446       1,960  
Additional asset retirement obligations
    316       423  
Depletion
    (2,076 )     (2,615 )
Effect of foreign exchange rate fluctuations
    (495 )     (571 )
 
           
Balance at the end of the period
  $ 194,823     $ 189,648  
 
           

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WASTE SERVICES, INC.
NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)
Accrued Closure, Post-Closure, Fair Value of Warrants and Other Obligations
     Accrued closure, post-closure, fair value of warrants and other obligations consist of the following:
                 
    March 31,     December 31,  
    2009     2008  
    (Unaudited)          
Accrued closure and post-closure obligations
  $ 14,476     $ 12,749  
Accrued restructuring and severance costs
    3,308       3,624  
Capital lease obligations
    518       568  
Fair value of warrants
    624        
Other obligations
    2,794       2,458  
 
           
 
  $ 21,720     $ 19,399  
 
           
     Accrued closure and post-closure obligations include costs associated with obligations for closure and post-closure of our landfills. Landfill closure and post-closure liabilities are calculated by estimating the total obligation of capping and closure events in current dollars, inflating the obligation based on the expected date of the expenditure using an inflation rate of approximately 2.5% and discounting the inflated total to its present value using a credit-adjusted risk-free discount rate of approximately 6.5%. The anticipated timeframe for paying these costs varies based on the remaining useful life of each landfill as well as the duration of the post-closure monitoring period. Accretion of discounted cash flows associated with the closure and post closure obligations is accrued over the life of the landfill, as a charge to cost of operations.
     The changes in accrued closure and post-closure obligations for the three months ended March 31, 2009 and 2008 are as follows (unaudited):
                 
    Three Months Ended March 31,  
    2009     2008  
Current portion at the beginning of the period
  $ 7,589     $ 4,153  
Long-term portion at the beginning of the period
    12,749       14,678  
 
           
Balance at the beginning of the period
    20,338       18,831  
Additional asset retirement obligations
    316       423  
Accretion
    158       198  
Payments
    (578 )      
Other additions
    150       300  
Effect of foreign exchange rate fluctuations
    (261 )     (318 )
 
           
 
               
Balance at the end of the period
    20,123       19,434  
Less: Current portion
    (5,647 )     (4,430 )
 
           
Long-term portion
  $ 14,476     $ 15,004  
 
           

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WASTE SERVICES, INC.
NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)
9. Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets
     Goodwill and other intangible assets consist of the following:
                 
    March 31,     December 31,  
    2009     2008  
    (Unaudited)          
Other intangible assets subject to amortization:
               
Customer relationships and contracts
  $ 48,972     $ 48,997  
Non-competition agreements and other
    5,607       5,629  
 
           
 
    54,579       54,626  
 
               
Less: Accumulated amortization:
               
Customer relationships and contracts
    (27,597 )     (26,536 )
Non-competition agreements and other
    (2,415 )     (2,133 )
 
           
 
               
Other intangible assets subject to amortization, net
    24,567       25,957  
Goodwill
    344,363       346,929  
 
           
 
               
Goodwill and other intangible assets, net
  $ 368,930     $ 372,886  
 
           
     The changes in goodwill for the three months ended March 31, 2009 and 2008 are as follows (unaudited):
                         
    Three Months Ended March 31, 2009  
    Florida     Canada     Total  
Balance at the beginning of the period
  $ 263,428     $ 83,501     $ 346,929  
Acquisitions
    302             302  
Effect of foreign exchange rate fluctuations
          (2,868 )     (2,868 )
 
                 
Balance at the end of the period
  $ 263,730     $ 80,633     $ 344,363  
 
                 
                         
    Three Months Ended March 31, 2008  
    Florida     Canada     Total  
Balance at the beginning of the period
  $ 262,338     $ 102,603     $ 364,941  
Effect of foreign exchange rate fluctuations
          (3,519 )     (3,519 )
 
                 
Balance at the end of the period
  $ 262,338     $ 99,084     $ 361,422  
 
                 
10. Other Assets
     Other assets consist of the following:
                 
    March 31,     December 31,  
    2009     2008  
    (Unaudited)          
Debt issue costs, net of accumulated amortization of $3,471 and $3,035 as of March 31, 2009 and December 31, 2008, respectively
  $ 8,055     $ 8,538  
Acquisition deposits
    557       561  
Other assets
    528       549  
 
           
 
  $ 9,140     $ 9,648  
 
           

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WASTE SERVICES, INC.
NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)
11. Accrued Expenses and Other Current Liabilities
     Accrued expenses and other current liabilities consist of the following:
                 
    March 31,     December 31,  
    2009     2008  
    (Unaudited)          
Deferred revenue
  $ 11,035     $ 10,980  
Accrued waste disposal costs
    10,525       7,964  
Accrued interest
    7,421       3,702  
Insurance reserves
    6,965       6,505  
Accrued compensation, benefits and subcontractor costs
    5,910       7,893  
Accrued closure and post-closure obligations
    5,647       7,589  
Accrued insurance premiums
    4,377       6,123  
Accrued restructuring and severance costs
    2,423       3,183  
Accrued royalties and franchise fees
    1,764       2,137  
Accrued professional fees
    759       794  
Accrued capital expenditures
    662       2,204  
Current portion of capital lease obligations
    303       315  
Accrued acquisition costs
    167       631  
Other accrued expenses and current liabilities
    3,363       2,782  
 
           
 
  $ 61,321     $ 62,802  
 
           
12. Debt
     Debt consists of the following:
                 
    March 31,     December 31,  
    2009     2008  
    (Unaudited)          
Credit Facilities:
               
U.S. dollar denominated revolving credit facility, floating interest rate at 4.1% and 4.5% as of March 31, 2009 and December 31, 2008, respectively
  $ 23,499     $ 34,600  
Canadian dollar denominated revolving credit facility, floating interest rate at 4.3% and 5.3%, net of discount of $59 and $56, as of March 31, 2009 and December 31, 2008, respectively
    28,329       27,699  
U.S. dollar denominated term loan facility, floating interest rate at 4.1% and 4.5%, net of discount of $1,175 and $1,268, as of March 31, 2009 and December 31, 2008, respectively
    37,719       38,125  
Canadian dollar denominated term loan facility, floating interest rate at 4.2% and 5.3%, net of discount of $3,313 and $3,668, as of March 31, 2009 and as of December 31, 2008, respectively
    98,867       103,505  
Senior Subordinated Notes, fixed interest rate at 9.5%, due 2014, net of discount of $1,093 and $1,146 as of March 31, 2009 and December 31, 2008, respectively
    158,907       158,854  
Other secured notes payable, interest at 4.5% to 7.8%, due through 2025, net of discount of $1,433 and $1,563 as of March 31, 2009 and December 31, 2008, respectively
    6,619       6,891  
Other subordinated notes payable, interest at 6.7%, due through 2017
    2,342       2,395  
 
           
 
    356,282       372,069  
Less: Current portion
    (12,215 )     (11,102 )
 
           
Long-term portion
  $ 344,067     $ 360,967  
 
           

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WASTE SERVICES, INC.
NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)
Senior Secured Credit Facilities
     On October 8, 2008 we refinanced our Senior Secured Credit Facilities with new Senior Secured Credit Facilities (the “Credit Facilities”) with a consortium of new lenders. The Credit Facilities provide for a revolving credit facility of $124.8 million, which is available to either Waste Services, Inc. and our U.S. operations or our Canadian operations, in U.S. or Canadian dollars, and C$16.3 million, which is available to our Canadian operations. The new Credit Facilities also provide for term loans with initial principal balances of $39.9 million to Waste Services, Inc. and C$132.2 million to Waste Services (CA) Inc. The revolver commitments terminate on October 8, 2013 and the term loans mature in specified quarterly installments through October 8, 2013. The Credit Facilities are available to us as base rate loans, Eurodollar loans or Bankers Acceptance loans, plus an applicable margin, as defined, at our option in the respective lending jurisdiction. The Credit Facilities are secured by all of our assets, including those of our domestic and foreign subsidiaries, and are guaranteed by all of our domestic and foreign subsidiaries. As of March 31, 2009, there was $23.5 million and C$35.8 million outstanding on the revolving credit facility and $11.6 million and C$13.5 million of revolver capacity was used to support outstanding letters of credit in the U.S. and Canada, respectively.
     Our Credit Facilities contain certain financial and other covenants that restrict our ability to, among other things, make capital expenditures, incur indebtedness, incur liens, dispose of property, repay debt, pay dividends, repurchase shares and make certain acquisitions. Our financial covenants include: (i) maximum total leverage; (ii) maximum senior secured leverage; and (iii) minimum interest coverage. The covenants and restrictions limit the manner in which we conduct our operations and could adversely affect our ability to raise additional capital. As of March 31, 2009, we are in compliance with the financial covenants.
Other Secured Notes Payable
     Included in our other secured notes payable is a $10.5 million non-interest bearing promissory note with payments of $125,000 per month until June 2014. The net present value of the remaining payments due under the note as of March 31, 2009 approximates $6.4 million, and accretes at 7.8%. The note is secured by a transfer station and related permit.
Senior Subordinated Notes
     On April 30, 2004, we completed a private offering of 91/2% Senior Subordinated Notes (“Senior Subordinated Notes”) due 2014 for gross proceeds of $160.0 million. The Senior Subordinated Notes mature on April 15, 2014. Interest on the Senior Subordinated Notes is payable semiannually on October 15 and April 15. The Senior Subordinated Notes are redeemable, in whole or in part, at our option, on or after April 15, 2009, at a redemption price of 104.75% of the principal amount, declining ratably in annual increments to par on or after April 15, 2012, together with accrued interest to the redemption date. Upon a change of control, as such term is defined in the Indenture, we are required to offer to repurchase all the Senior Subordinated Notes at 101.0% of the principal amount, together with accrued interest and liquidated damages, if any, and obtain the consent of our senior lenders to such payment or repay indebtedness under our Credit Facilities.
     The Senior Subordinated Notes are unsecured and are subordinate to our existing and future senior secured indebtedness, including our Credit Facilities, rank equally with any unsecured senior subordinated indebtedness and senior to our existing and future subordinated indebtedness. Our obligations with respect to the Senior Subordinated Notes, including principal, interest, premium, if any, and liquidated damages, if any, are fully and unconditionally guaranteed on an unsecured, senior subordinated basis by all of our existing and future domestic and foreign restricted subsidiaries.
     The Senior Subordinated Notes contain certain covenants that, in certain circumstances and subject to certain limitations and qualifications, restrict, among other things (i) the incurrence of additional debt; (ii) the payment of dividends and repurchases of stock; (iii) the issuance of preferred stock and the issuance of stock of our subsidiaries; (iv) certain investments; (v) transactions with affiliates; and (vi) certain sales of assets.
Direct Financing Lease Facility
     In January 2008, we entered into a direct financing lease facility to finance our fleet purchases in Florida. Availability under the facility is $6.0 million and the leases can extend for five or seven years. Vehicles purchased under the facility will be ineligible for tax depreciation deductions. Leases under the facility will be treated as capital leases and considered secured debt for purposes of our Credit Facilities. As of March 31, 2009 and April 20, 2009, the lease facility was undrawn.

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WASTE SERVICES, INC.
NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)
13. Commitments and Contingencies
Environmental Risks
     We are subject to liability for environmental damage that our solid waste facilities may cause, including damage to neighboring landowners or residents, particularly as a result of the contamination of soil, groundwater or surface water, including damage resulting from conditions existing prior to the acquisition of such facilities. Pollutants or hazardous substances whose transportation, treatment or disposal was arranged by us or our predecessors, may also subject us to liability for any off-site environmental contamination caused by these pollutants or hazardous substances.
     Any substantial liability for environmental damage incurred by us could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition, results of operations or cash flows. As of the date of these Consolidated Financial Statements, we estimate the range of reasonably possible losses related to environmental matters to be insignificant, and we are not aware of any such environmental liabilities that would be material to our operations or financial condition.
Legal Proceedings
     In the normal course of our business and as a result of the extensive governmental regulation of the solid waste industry, we may periodically become subject to various judicial and administrative proceedings involving federal, provincial, state or local agencies. In these proceedings, an agency may seek to impose fines on us or revoke or deny renewal of an operating permit or license that is required for our operations. From time to time, we may also be subject to actions brought by citizens’ groups, adjacent landowners or residents in connection with the permitting and licensing of transfer stations and landfills or allegations related to environmental damage or violations of the permits and licenses pursuant to which we operate. In addition, we may become party to various claims and suits for alleged damages to persons and property, alleged violations of certain laws and alleged liabilities arising out of matters occurring during the normal operation of a waste management business.
     No provision has been made in these Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements for the above matters. We do not currently believe that the possible losses in respect of outstanding litigation matters would have a material adverse impact on our business, financial condition, results of operations or cash flows.
Surety Bonds, Letters of Credit and Insurance
     Municipal solid waste service and other service contracts, permits and licenses to operate transfer stations, landfills and recycling facilities may require performance or surety bonds, letters of credit or other means of financial assurance to secure contractual performance. To collateralize our obligations we have provided customers, various regulatory authorities and our insurer with such bonds and letters of credit amounting to approximately $83.6 million and $83.8 million as of March 31, 2009 and December 31, 2008, respectively. The majority of these obligations expire each year and will need to be renewed.
     Our domestic based workers’ compensation, automobile and general liability insurance coverage is subject to certain deductible limits. We retain up to $0.5 million and $0.25 million of risk per claim, plus claims handling expense under our workers’ compensation and our auto and general liability insurance programs, respectively. Claims in excess of such deductible levels are fully insured subject to our policy limits. However, we have a limited claims history for our U.S. operations and it is reasonably possible that recorded reserves may not be adequate to cover future payments of claims. Adjustments, if any, to our reserves will be reflected in the period in which the adjustments are known. As of March 31, 2009, and included in the $83.6 million of bonds and letters of credit previously discussed, we have posted a letter of credit with our U.S. insurer of approximately $10.9 million to secure the liability for losses within the deductible limit. Provisions for retained claims are made by charges to expense based on periodic evaluations by management of the estimated ultimate liabilities on both reported and incurred but not reported claims. Adjustments, if any, to the estimated reserves resulting from ultimate claim payments will be reflected in operations in the periods in which such adjustments become known.

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WASTE SERVICES, INC.
NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)
     The changes in insurance reserves for our U.S. operations for the three months ended March 31, 2009 and 2008 are as follows (unaudited):
                 
    Three Months Ended March 31,  
    2009     2008  
Balance at the beginning of the period
  $ 6,505     $ 6,055  
Provisions
    948       1,182  
Payments
    (899 )     (964 )
Unfavorable claim development for prior periods
    411       97  
 
           
Balance at the end of the period
  $ 6,965     $ 6,370  
 
           
Disposal Agreement
     On November 22, 2002, we entered into a Put or Pay Disposal Agreement (the “Disposal Agreement”) with RCI Environment Inc., Centres de Transbordement et de Valorisation Nord Sud Inc., RCM Environnement Inc., collectively the RCI Companies, and Intersan Inc. (“Intersan”), a subsidiary of Waste Management of Canada Corporation (formerly Canadian Waste Services, Inc.), pursuant to which we, together with the RCI Companies, agreed to deliver to certain of Intersan’s landfill sites and transfer stations in Quebec, Canada, over the five year period from the date of the Disposal Agreement, 850,000 metric tonnes of waste per year, and for the next two years after the expiration of the first five year term, 710,000 metric tonnes of waste per year at a fixed disposal rate set out in the Disposal Agreement. If we and the RCI Companies fail to deliver the required tonnage, we are jointly and severally required to pay to Intersan, C$23.67 per metric tonne for every tonne below the required tonnage. If a portion of the annual tonnage commitment is not delivered to a specific site we are also required to pay C$8.00 per metric tonne for every tonne below the site specific allocation. Our obligations to Intersan are secured by a letter of credit for C$4.0 million. The companies within the RCI Group are controlled by a director of ours and/or individuals related to that director.
     Concurrent with the Disposal Agreement, we entered into a three-year agreement with Canadian Waste Services, Inc. to allow us to deliver up to 75,000 tons in year one and up to 100,000 tons in years two and three of non-hazardous solid waste to their landfill in Michigan at negotiated fixed rates per ton, which has since expired.
Other Contractual Arrangements
     During the fourth quarter of 2008, we completed a restructuring of corporate overhead and other administrative and operational functions. The plan included the closing of our U.S. corporate office and the consolidation of corporate administrative functions to our headquarters in Burlington, Ontario, reductions in staffing levels in both overhead and operational positions and the termination of certain consulting arrangements. In connection with the execution of the plan, in the fourth quarter of 2008 we recognized a charge of $6.9 million for selling, general and administrative expense, which consists of (i) $3.6 million for severance and related costs, (ii) $0.9 million for rent, net of estimated sub-let income of $0.7 million, due to the closure of our U.S. corporate office and (iii) $2.4 million for the termination of certain consulting arrangements, the majority of which relate to agreements we had entered into with previous owners of businesses that were acquired. As of March 31, 2009, $4.0 million remains accrued relative to this plan. The following table summarizes the activity for these accrued restructuring costs for the three months ended March 31, 2009:
                                 
    Severance                    
    and Related                    
    Costs     Rent     Consulting     Total  
Balance at the beginning of the period
  $ 3,238     $ 984     $ 812     $ 5,034  
Provisions
    94       20             114  
Payments
    (875 )     (113 )     (63 )     (1,051 )
Foreign exchange and other
    (56 )                 (56 )
 
                       
Balance at the end of the period
  $ 2,401     $ 891     $ 749     $ 4,041  
 
                       
     Although we have yet to sub-let our U.S. corporate office, we have assumed sub-let rental income for three years of the remaining lease term, beginning January 2010. Should our estimates require revision, we may have additional charges for remaining lease payments in future periods.

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WASTE SERVICES, INC.
NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)
     From time to time and in the ordinary course of business we may enter into certain acquisitions whereby we will also enter into a royalty agreement. Royalty agreements are usually based on the amount of waste deposited at our landfill sites or in certain instances our transfer stations. Royalties are expensed as incurred and recognized as a cost of operations.
14. Authorized Capital Stock and Migration Transaction
Total Shares
     As of March 31, 2009, we were authorized to issue a total of 171,666,666 shares of capital stock consisting of:
    166,666,666 shares of common stock, par value 0.01 per share; and
 
    5,000,000 shares of preferred stock, par value 0.01 per share, of which 100,000 shares have been designated as Series A Preferred Stock and one share has been designated as Special Voting Preferred Stock.
Preferred Stock
     The Series A Preferred Stock, with a par value of $0.01 per share and a liquidation preference of $1,000.00 per share, have the powers, preferences and other special rights and the qualifications, limitations and restrictions that are set forth in the Certificate of Designations of Series A Preferred Stock as amended. As of March 31, 2009 and December 31, 2008, no shares of Series A Preferred Stock were outstanding. The Special Voting Preferred Stock has the rights, preference, and limitations set forth in the Amended Certificate of Designation of Special Voting Preferred Stock. One share of Special Voting Preferred Stock is presently outstanding.
Migration Transaction
     Effective July 31, 2004, we entered into a migration transaction by which our corporate structure was reorganized so that Waste Services became the ultimate parent company of our corporate group. Prior to the migration transaction, we were a subsidiary of Waste Services (CA). After the migration transaction, Waste Services (CA) became our subsidiary.
     The migration transaction occurred by way of a plan of arrangement under the Business Corporations Act (Ontario) and consisted primarily of: (i) the exchange of 29,219,011 common shares of Waste Services (CA) for 29,219,011 shares of our common stock; and (ii) the conversion of the remaining 3,076,558 common shares of Waste Services (CA) held by non-U.S. residents and who elected to receive exchangeable shares into 9,229,676 exchangeable shares of Waste Services (CA), which are exchangeable into 3,076,558 shares of our common stock. The transaction was approved by the Ontario Superior Court of Justice on July 30, 2004 and by our shareholders at a special meeting held on July 27, 2004.
     The terms of the exchangeable shares of Waste Services (CA) are the economic and functional equivalent of our common stock. Holders of exchangeable shares will (i) receive the same dividends as holders of shares of our common stock and (ii) be entitled to vote on the same matters as holders of shares of our common stock. Such voting is accomplished through the one share of Special Voting Preferred Stock held by Computershare Trust Company of Canada as trustee, who will vote on the instructions of the holders of the exchangeable shares (one-third of one vote for each exchangeable share).
     Upon the occurrence of certain events, such as the liquidation of Waste Services (CA), or after the redemption date, our Canadian holding company, Capital Environmental Holdings Company will have the right to purchase each exchangeable share for one-third of one share of our common stock, plus all declared and unpaid dividends on the exchangeable share and payment for any fractional shares. Unless certain events occur, such redemption date will not be earlier than December 31, 2016. Holders of exchangeable shares also have the right at any time at their option, to exchange their exchangeable shares for shares of our common stock on the basis of one-third of a share of our common stock for each one exchangeable share.
     In April 2009, 6,100,497 exchangeable shares of Waste Services (CA) were exchanged for 2,033,496 shares of our common stock. Following the exchange, 138,100 exchangeable shares of Waste Services (CA) remain outstanding, and are exchangeable into 46,033 shares of our common stock. As the number of outstanding exchangeable shares is now less than one million, Capital Environmental Holdings, the parent of Waste Services (CA) will exercise its right to redeem all of the remaining exchangeable shares for shares of our common stock.

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WASTE SERVICES, INC.
NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)
Warrants
     We have outstanding warrants to purchase shares of our common stock. As of March 31, 2009, all of these warrants were exercisable. Activity for the three months ended March 31, 2009 for shares issuable upon exercise of these warrants, which expire at various dates through September 2011, is summarized as follows (unaudited):
                                 
                    Weighted    
            Weighted   Average    
    Number   Average   Remaining   Aggregate
    of Shares   Exercise   Contractual   Intrinsic
    Issuable   Price   Term (Years)   Value
Outstanding at the beginning of the period
    3,317,695     $ 9.47       1.3     $  
Expired during the period
    (66,667 )     17.25                  
 
                               
 
Outstanding at the end of the period
    3,251,028       9.31       1.1        
 
                               
15. Comprehensive Income (Loss)
     Comprehensive income (loss) includes the effects of foreign currency translation. Comprehensive income (loss) for the three months ended March 31, 2009 and 2008 is as follows (unaudited):
                 
    Three Months Ended March 31,  
    2009     2008  
Net income
  $ 4,010     $ 12,708  
Foreign currency translation adjustment
    (1,369 )     (7,301 )
 
           
Comprehensive income
  $ 2,641     $ 5,407  
 
           
16. Segment Information
     We have determined our operating and reporting segments pursuant to the requirements of SFAS No. 131, “Disclosures about Segments of an Enterprise and Related Information” (“SFAS 131”). In making this determination, we considered our organization and reporting structure and the information used by our chief operating decision maker to make decisions about resource allocation and performance assessment. We are organized along geographic locations or regions within the U.S. and Canada. Our Canadian operations are organized between two regions, Eastern and Western Canada, while in the U.S. we operate exclusively in Florida. For segment reporting, we define “Corporate” as overhead expenses, not specifically attributable to our Florida or Canadian operations, incurred both domestically and in Canada. As previously discussed, we have divested of our Jacksonville, Florida operations and as such, the results of these operations are presented as discontinued operations and are not included in the segment data presented.
     We believe our Canadian operating segments meet the “Aggregation Criteria” set forth in SFAS 131 for the following reasons: (i) these segments are economically similar; (ii) the nature of the service, waste collection and disposal, is the same and transferable across locations; (iii) the type and class of customer is consistent among our regions and districts; (iv) the methods used to deliver services are essentially the same (e.g. containers collect waste at market locations and trucks collect and transfer waste to landfills); and (v) the regulatory environment is consistent within Canada.

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WASTE SERVICES, INC.
NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)
     We do not have significant (in volume or dollars) inter-segment operation-related transactions. Summarized financial information concerning our reportable segments for the three months ended March 31, 2009 and 2008 is as follows (unaudited):
                                 
    Three Months Ended March 31, 2009
    Florida   Canada   Corporate   Total
Revenue
  $ 50,243     $ 45,549     $     $ 95,792  
Depreciation, depletion and amortization
    6,344       3,778       238       10,360  
Income (loss) from operations
    11,366       6,725       (5,766 )     12,325  
Capital expenditures
    2,646       4,187       111       6,944  
                                 
    Three Months Ended March 31, 2008
    Florida   Canada   Corporate   Total
Revenue
  $ 60,090     $ 56,519     $     $ 116,609  
Depreciation, depletion and amortization
    6,735       4,609       358       11,702  
Income (loss) from operations
    10,207       9,343       (7,379 )     12,171  
Capital expenditures
    1,682       8,613       112       10,407  
17. Condensed Consolidating Financial Statements
     As of March 31, 2009 and December 31, 2008, Waste Services is the primary obligor under the Senior Subordinated Notes. Waste Services has no independent operating assets or operations, and the guarantees of our domestic and Canadian subsidiaries, which are all wholly owned subsidiaries, are full and unconditional and joint and several with respect to the Senior Subordinated Notes, including principal, interest, premium, if any, and liquidated damages, if any. In October 2008 and pursuant to certain amendments to the Indenture to the Senior Subordinated Notes, our Canadian subsidiaries became guarantors under the Senior Subordinated Notes. Prior to these amendments, our Canadian subsidiaries did not guarantee the Senior Subordinated Notes.

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WASTE SERVICES, INC.
NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)
     Presented below is our Unaudited Condensed Consolidating Statement of Operations for the three months ended March 31, 2008 and the Unaudited Condensed Consolidating Statement of Cash Flows for the three months ended March 31, 2008 of Waste Services, Inc. (the “Parent”), our U.S. guarantor subsidiaries (“Guarantors”) and the then non-guarantor Canadian subsidiaries (“Non-guarantors”):
                                         
    Three Months Ended March 31, 2008  
                    Non-              
    Parent     Guarantors     Guarantors     Eliminations     Consolidated  
Revenue
  $     $ 60,090     $ 56,519     $     $ 116,609  
 
                                       
Operating and other expenses:
                                       
Cost of operations (exclusive of depreciation, depletion and amortization)
          38,916       37,628             76,544  
Selling, general and administrative expense (exclusive of depreciation, depletion and amortization)
    3,667       4,433       8,265             16,365  
Depreciation, depletion and amortization
    24       6,735       4,943             11,702  
Foreign exchange loss (gain) and other
    1       (201 )     27             (173 )
Equity earnings in investees, net of tax
    (26,546 )                 26,546        
 
                             
 
                                       
Income from operations
    22,854       10,207       5,656       (26,546 )     12,171  
Interest expense
    10,146       50       42             10,238  
 
                             
 
                                       
Income from continuing operations before income taxes
    12,708       10,157       5,614       (26,546 )     1,933  
Income tax provision (benefit)
          (5,485 )     2,088             (3,397 )
 
                             
 
                                       
Net income from continuing operations
    12,708       15,642       3,526       (26,546 )     5,330  
Net income from discontinued operations, net of tax
          409                   409  
Gain on sale of discontinued operations, net of tax
          6,969                   6,969  
 
                             
 
                                       
Net income
  $ 12,708     $ 23,020     $ 3,526     $ (26,546 )   $ 12,708  
 
                             

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WASTE SERVICES, INC.
NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)
                                         
    Three Months Ended March 31, 2008  
                    Non-              
    Parent     Guarantors     Guarantors     Eliminations     Consolidated  
Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities
  $ (10,785 )   $ 17,462     $ 2,820     $     $ 9,497  
 
                             
 
                                       
Cash flows from investing activities:
                                       
Capital expenditures
    (4 )     (1,682 )     (8,721 )           (10,407 )
Proceeds from asset sales and business divestitures
          57,261       71             57,332  
Deposits for business acquisitions and other
    (1,716 )                       (1,716 )
Intercompany
    (504 )     (73,049 )           73,553        
 
                             
Net cash provided by (used in) continuing operations
    (2,224 )     (17,470 )     (8,650 )     73,553       45,209  
Net cash used in discontinued operations
          (43 )                 (43 )
 
                             
Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities
    (2,224 )     (17,513 )     (8,650 )     73,553       45,166  
 
                             
 
                                       
Cash flows from financing activities:
                                       
Principal repayments of debt and capital lease obligations
    (42,810 )     (49 )                 (42,859 )
Intercompany
    73,049             504       (73,553 )      
 
                             
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities — continuing operations
    30,239       (49 )     504       (73,553 )     (42,859 )
 
                             
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash
                (224 )           (224 )
 
                             
 
                                       
Increase (decrease) in cash
    17,230       (100 )     (5,550 )           11,580  
Cash at the beginning of the period
    9,080       239       11,387             20,706  
 
                             
Cash at the end of the period
  $ 26,310     $ 139     $ 5,837     $     $ 32,286  
 
                             

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Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
     The following discussion should be read in conjunction with the Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements and Notes thereto included elsewhere herein as well as our annual report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2008, as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission, including the factors set forth in the section titled “Cautionary Statement Regarding Forward-Looking Statements” and factors affecting future results as well as our other filings made with the Securities and Exchange Commission.
Overview
     We are a multi-regional, integrated solid waste services company, providing collection, transfer, landfill disposal and recycling services for commercial, industrial and residential customers. Our operating strategy is disposal-based, whereby we enter geographic markets with attractive growth or positive competitive characteristics by acquiring and developing landfill disposal capacity, then acquiring and developing waste collection and transfer operations. Our operations are located in the United States and Canada. Our U.S. operations are located in Florida and our Canadian operations are located in Eastern Canada (Ontario) and Western Canada (Alberta, Saskatchewan and British Columbia). We divested our Jacksonville, Florida operations in March 2008, and as a result, these operations are presented as discontinued for all periods presented.
Sources of Revenue
     Our revenue consists primarily of fees charged to customers for solid waste collection, landfill disposal, transfer and recycling services.
     We derive our collection revenue from services provided to commercial, industrial and residential customers. Collection services are generally performed under service agreements or pursuant to contracts with municipalities. We recognize revenue when services are rendered. Amounts billed to customers prior to providing the related services are reflected as deferred revenue and reported as revenue in the periods in which the services are rendered.
     We provide collection services for commercial and industrial customers generally under one to five year service agreements. We determine the fees we charge our customers based on a variety of factors, including collection frequency, level of service, route density, the type, volume and weight of the waste collected, type of equipment and containers furnished, the distance to the disposal or processing facility, the cost of disposal or processing and prices charged by competitors for similar services. Our contracts with commercial and industrial customers typically allow us to pass on increased costs resulting from variable items such as disposal and fuel costs and surcharges. Our ability to pass on cost increases is however, sometimes limited by the terms of our contracts.
     We provide residential waste collection services through a variety of contractual arrangements, including contracts with municipalities, owners and operators of large residential complexes, mobile home parks and homeowner associations or through subscription arrangements with individual homeowners. Our contracts with municipalities are typically for a term of three to ten years and contain a formula, generally based on a predetermined published price index, for adjustments to fees to cover increases in some, but not all, of our operating costs. Certain of our contracts with municipalities contain renewal provisions. The fees we charge for residential solid waste collection services provided on a subscription basis are based primarily on route density, the frequency and level of service, the distance to the disposal or processing facility, the cost of disposal or processing and prices we charge in the market for similar services.
     We charge our landfill and transfer station customers a tipping fee on a per ton or per cubic yard basis for disposing of their solid waste at our transfer stations and landfills. We generally base our landfill tipping fees on market factors and the type and weight of, or volume of the waste deposited. We generally base our transfer station tipping fees on market factors and the cost of processing the waste deposited at the transfer station, the cost of transporting the waste to a disposal facility and the cost of disposal.
     Material recovery facilities generate revenue from the sale of recyclable commodities. In an effort to reduce our exposure to commodity price fluctuations on recycled materials, where competitive pressures permit, we charge collection or processing fees for recycling volume collected from our customers. However, sustained declines in the price of recycled commodities, including but not limited to, aluminum, used corrugated cardboard or news print would lower our revenue from such commodities and adversely affect our margins and profitability.

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Expense Structure
     Our cost of operations primarily includes tipping fees and related disposal costs, labor and related benefit costs, equipment maintenance, fuel, vehicle, liability and workers’ compensation insurance and landfill capping, closure and post-closure costs. Our strategy is to create vertically integrated operations where possible, using transfer stations to link collection operations with our landfills to increase internalization of our waste volume. Internalization lowers our disposal costs by allowing us to eliminate tipping fees otherwise paid to third party landfill or transfer station operators. We believe that internalization provides us with a competitive advantage by allowing us to be a low cost provider in our markets. We expect that our internalization will gradually increase over time as we develop our network of transfer stations and maximize delivery of collection volumes to our landfill sites.
     In markets where we do not have our own landfills, we seek to secure disposal arrangements with municipalities or private owners of landfills or transfer stations. In these markets, our ability to maintain competitive prices for our collection services is generally dependent upon our ability to secure competitive disposal pricing. If owners of third party disposal sites discontinue our arrangements, we would have to seek alternative disposal sites which could impact our profitability and cash flow. In addition, if third party disposal sites increase their tipping fees and we are unable to pass these increases on to our collection customers, our profitability and cash flow would be negatively impacted.
     We believe that the age and condition of our vehicle fleet has a significant impact on operating costs, including, but not limited to, repairs and maintenance, insurance and driver training and retention costs. Through capital investment, we seek to maintain an average fleet age of approximately six to seven years. We believe that this enables us to best control our repair and maintenance costs, safety and insurance costs and employee turnover related costs.
     Selling, general and administrative expenses include managerial costs, information systems, sales force, administrative expenses and professional fees.
     Depreciation, depletion and amortization includes depreciation of fixed assets over their estimated useful lives using the straight-line method, depletion of landfill costs, including capping, closure and post-closure obligations using the units-of-consumption method, and amortization of intangible assets including customer relationships and contracts and covenants not-to-compete, which are amortized over the expected life of the benefit to be received from such intangibles.
     Costs associated with acquisitions are expensed as they are incurred. These costs may include transaction related costs and internal costs, including executive salaries, overhead and travel costs. Prior to our adoption of Statement of Financial Accounting Standards (“SFAS”) No. 141 (revised 2007), “Business Combinations” (“SFAS 141(R)”) on January 1, 2009, we capitalized certain third-party costs related to pending acquisitions that are no longer capitalizable following our adoption of this standard. There were no transition adjustments relative to our adoption of SFAS 141(R).
Recent Developments
Acquisitions and Dispositions
     In January 2009, we acquired a “tuck-in” hauling operation in southwest Florida for an aggregate purchase price of $0.6 million.
     In December 2008, we acquired RIP, Inc., the owner of a construction and demolition waste landfill in Citrus Country, Florida (the “RIP Landfill”), for an aggregate purchase price of $7.7 million. Should the site be permitted as a Class I landfill, Class III landfill or as a transfer station, the sellers are entitled to future royalties at varied rates per ton based on the volume and type of waste deposited at the site.
     In December 2008, we acquired the assets of Commercial Clean-up Enterprises, Inc. (“Commercial Clean-up”), a construction and demolition hauling operation in Fort Myers, Florida, for a total purchase price of $6.1 million, of which $1.6 million is deferred and payable as we collect waste volumes from our pre-existing waste streams within the counties of Charlotte, Lee and Collier, Florida. We are internalizing the waste volumes associated with this acquisition to our SLD Landfill in southwest Florida.

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     In March 2008, we sold our hauling and material recovery operations and a construction and demolition landfill site in the Jacksonville, Florida market to an independent third party. The proceeds from this sale approximated $56.7 million of cash, including working capital. At the time of close, we were actively pursuing an expansion at the landfill. If the construction and demolition landfill site did not obtain certain permits relating to an expansion, we would have been required to refund $10.0 million of the purchase price and receive title to the expansion property. Accordingly, at the time of closing we deferred this portion of the proceeds, net of our $3.0 million cost basis. During December 2008, the permits relating to the expansion were secured and the deferred gain was recognized. Simultaneously with the closing of the sale transaction we entered into an operating lease with the buyer for certain land and buildings used in the Jacksonville, Florida operations, for a term of five years at $0.5 million per year. The lessee had the option to purchase the leased assets for a purchase price of $6.0 million, which it exercised in March 2009 resulting in a gain on sale of $3.3 million in the quarter. The proceeds from the sale of the leased assets were utilized to repay amounts under the revolver portion of our Credit Facilities. At the time of close in March 2008, we utilized $42.5 million of the proceeds to make a prepayment of the term loan under our Senior Secured Credit Facilities. Accordingly, we expensed approximately $0.5 million of unamortized debt issue costs relating to this retirement. For the year ended 2008, we recognized a pre-tax gain on disposal of $18.4 million ($11.1 million net of tax) relative to the sale of the Jacksonville, Florida operations, of which $11.5 million ($7.0 million net of tax) was realized during the first quarter of 2008. Included in the calculation of the gain on disposal for the Jacksonville, Florida operations was approximately $23.6 million of goodwill. Subsequent to the disposal of the Jacksonville, Florida operations, we adjusted the pre-tax gain on disposal for the settlement of working capital of approximately $0.2 million.
     We have presented the net assets and operations of our Jacksonville, Florida operations, as discontinued operations for all periods presented. Revenue and pre-tax income from discontinued operations was $4.7 million and $0.7 million for the three months ended March 31, 2008, respectively. The transaction to dispose of the Jacksonville, Florida operations was completed in 2008 and accordingly, these operations had no impact on our 2009 results.
Goodwill
     We account for goodwill in accordance with SFAS No. 142, “Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets” (“SFAS 142”). We test for impairment of goodwill annually on December 31 and whenever events or circumstances change between annual tests that would indicate a possible impairment. Examples of such events may include: (i) a significant adverse change in legal factors or in the business climate; (ii) an adverse action or assessment by a regulator; (iii) a more likely than not expectation that a reporting unit or a significant portion thereof will be sold; (iv) continued or sustained losses at a reporting unit; (v) a significant decline in our market capitalization as compared to our book value or (vi) the testing for recoverability under SFAS 144 of a significant asset group within the reporting unit. We test for impairment using the two-step process prescribed by SFAS 142. The first step is a screen for potential impairment, while the second step measures the amount of the impairment, if any. The first step of the goodwill impairment test compares the fair value of a reporting unit with its carrying amount, including goodwill.
     During the first quarter of 2009, our market capitalization declined from that of the fourth quarter of 2008. We considered this decline to be an indicator of possible impairment of goodwill. As of March 31, 2009, we performed the step one screen for impairment, which we passed and accordingly, we did not proceed to the second step, and we concluded that our goodwill was not impaired. Consistent with our goodwill tests performed in prior years, we have defined our reporting units to be consistent with our operating segments: Eastern Canada, Western Canada and Florida. In determining fair value, we primarily utilize discounted future cash flows. However, we may compare the results of fair value calculated using discounted cash flows to other fair value techniques including: (i) operating results based on a comparative multiple of earnings or revenues; (ii) offers from interested investors, if any; or (iii) appraisals. There may be instances where these alternative methods provide a more accurate measure or indication of fair value. Significant estimates used in the fair value calculation utilizing discounted future cash flows include, but are not limited to: (i) estimates of future revenue and expense growth by reporting unit; (ii) future estimated effective tax rates, which we estimate to range between 32% and 40%; (iii) future estimated capital expenditures as well as future required investments in working capital; (iv) estimated discount rate, which we estimate to range between 11% and 12%; (v) the ability to utilize certain domestic tax attributes and (vi) the future terminal value of the reporting unit, which is based on its ability to exist into perpetuity. Significant estimates used in the fair value calculation utilizing market value multiples include but are not limited to: (i) estimated future growth potential of the reporting unit; (ii) estimated multiples of revenue or earnings a willing buyer is likely to pay; and (iii) estimated control premium a willing buyer is likely to pay. There have been no substantial changes in the methodologies employed, significant assumptions used, or calculations applied in the first step of the SFAS 142 impairment test for the first quarter of 2009 compared to our annual test for 2008.

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     In preparing our interim test for impairment, we determined that the sum of our reporting unit fair values exceeded our market capitalization. We determined market capitalization as the fair value of our common shares outstanding using the twenty-day weighted average to March 31, 2009. We believe one of the primary reconciling differences between fair value and our market capitalization relates to control premium. Control premium is the savings and / or synergies a market participant could realize by obtaining control and eliminating duplicative overhead costs and realizing operating efficiencies from the consolidation of routes and internalization of waste streams. Additionally, we believe there are qualitative factors that externally influence our market capitalization including, but are not limited to:
    The fact that, to a significant extent, our shares are held by insiders and affiliates, reducing market liquidity.
 
    One of our larger shareholders, due to circumstances unrelated to us, is liquidating their position putting pressure on the market price of our shares.
 
    We believe that in general, the market continues to discount the value of common equity, believing that current leverage ratios are not sustainable and companies will be required to refinance debt at higher rates and / or issue additional equity thereby diluting current shareholders. However, as a result of the October 2008 refinancing of our Senior Secured Credit Facilities, we believe our capital structure to be stable, but such stability is not reflected in our share price.
     We will continue to monitor market trends in our business, the related expected cash flows and our calculation of market capitalization for purposes of identifying possible indicators of impairment. Should our book value per share continue to exceed our market price per share, or we have other indicators of impairment, as previously discussed, we will be required to perform additional interim goodwill impairment analyses, which may lead to the recognition of a goodwill impairment. Additionally, we would then be required to review our remaining long-lived assets for potential impairment.
     Future events, including but not limited to continued declines in economic activity, loss of contracts or a significant number of customers and / or a rapid increase in costs or capital expenditures, could cause us to conclude that impairment indicators exist and that goodwill associated with the reporting units is impaired. Any resulting impairment loss could have a material adverse impact on our financial condition and results of operations.
Results of Operations for the Three Months Ended March 31, 2009 and 2008
     A portion of our operations is domiciled in Canada. For each reporting period we translate the results of operations and financial condition of our Canadian operations into U.S. dollars, in accordance with SFAS No. 52, “Foreign Currency Translation”, (“SFAS 52”). Therefore, the reported results of our operations and financial condition are subject to changes in the exchange relationship between the two currencies. For example, as the relationship of the Canadian dollar strengthens against the U.S. dollar, revenue is favorably affected and conversely expenses are unfavorably affected. Assets and liabilities of our Canadian operations are translated from Canadian dollars into U.S. dollars at the exchange rates in effect at the relevant balance sheet dates, and revenue and expenses of our Canadian operations are translated from Canadian dollars into U.S. dollars at the average exchange rates prevailing during the period. Unrealized gains and losses on translation of our Canadian operations into U.S. dollars are reported as a separate component of shareholders’ equity and are included in comprehensive income or loss. Monetary assets and liabilities, as well as intercompany balances denominated in U.S. dollars held by our Canadian operations are re-measured from U.S. dollars into Canadian dollars and then translated into U.S. dollars. The effects of re-measurement are reported currently as a component of net income (loss). Currently, we do not hedge our exposure to changes in foreign exchange rates.
     Exchange rates for the Canadian dollar to U.S. dollar that are applicable for the periods covered by the accompanying Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements are summarized as follows:
         
As of:
       
March 31, 2009
  $ 0.7928  
December 31, 2008
  $ 0.8210  
For the three months ended:
       
March 31, 2009
  $ 0.8035  
March 31, 2008
  $ 0.9953  

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     Our consolidated results of operations for the three months ended March 31, 2009 and 2008 are as follows (in thousands):
                                                 
    Three Months Ended March 31, 2009
    Florida   Canada   Total
Revenue
  $ 50,243       100.0 %   $ 45,549       100.0 %   $ 95,792       100.0 %
Operating expenses:
                                               
Cost of operations
    31,975       63.6 %     31,233       68.6 %     63,208       66.0 %
Selling, general and administrative expense
    6,446       12.8 %     6,763       14.8 %     13,209       13.8 %
Depreciation, depletion and amortization
    6,364       12.7 %     3,996       8.8 %     10,360       10.8 %
Gain on sale of property and equipment, foreign exchange and other
    (3,474 )     -6.9 %     164       0.4 %     (3,310 )     -3.5 %
 
                                         
Income from operations
  $ 8,932       17.8 %   $ 3,393       7.4 %   $ 12,325       12.9 %
 
                                         
                                                 
    Three Months Ended March 31, 2008
    Florida   Canada   Total
Revenue
  $ 60,090       100.0 %   $ 56,519       100.0 %   $ 116,609       100.0 %
Operating expenses:
                                               
Cost of operations
    38,916       64.8 %     37,628       66.6 %     76,544       65.6 %
Selling, general and administrative expense
    8,100       13.5 %     8,265       14.6 %     16,365       14.0 %
Depreciation, depletion and amortization
    6,759       11.2 %     4,943       8.7 %     11,702       10.1 %
Gain on sale of property and equipment, foreign exchange and other
    (200 )     -0.3 %     27       0.1 %     (173 )     -0.1 %
 
                                         
Income from operations
  $ 6,515       10.8 %   $ 5,656       10.0 %   $ 12,171       10.4 %
 
                                         
  Revenue
     A summary of our revenue is as follows (in thousands):
                                 
    Three Months Ended March 31,  
    2009     2008  
Collection
  $ 82,261       77.2 %   $ 96,505       74.8 %
Landfill disposal
    9,574       9.0 %     11,829       9.2 %
Transfer station
    12,974       12.2 %     14,671       11.4 %
Material recovery facilities
    1,572       1.5 %     5,786       4.5 %
Other specialized services
    201       0.1 %     192       0.1 %
 
                           
 
    106,582       100.0 %     128,983       100.0 %
Intercompany elimination
    (10,790 )             (12,374 )        
 
                           
 
  $ 95,792             $ 116,609          
 
                           
     Revenue was $95.8 million and $116.6 million for the three months ended March 31, 2009 and 2008, respectively, a decrease of $20.8 million or 17.8%. The decrease in revenue from our Florida operations for the three months ended March 31, 2009 of $9.8 million or 16.3% was driven by decreased collection volumes, primarily in our industrial and commercial lines of business of $2.9 million, coupled with lower third-party transfer station, recycling and landfill volumes of $2.6 million. Declining fuel costs resulted in lower surcharges of $2.6 million and other net decreases of $3.5 million, primarily related to the expiration of certain residential recycling collection contracts. Offsetting these decreases were net price increases of $1.3 million, which was adversely affected by commodity pricing declines of $0.8 million, and increases from acquisitions of $0.5 million.

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     The decrease in revenue from our Canadian operations for the three months ended March 31, 2009 of $11.0 million or 19.5% was primarily due to the unfavorable effect of foreign exchange movements of $10.9 million. After considering foreign exchange rate changes, revenue from our Canadian operations was relatively flat. We realized net price increases of $1.9 million, which were adversely affected by net commodity pricing declines of $0.3 million, and organic volume growth of $0.1 million. Offsetting these increases were decreases in fuel surcharges of $1.0 million resulting from lower fuel costs, and other decreases of $1.1 million, primarily related to the loss of residential contracts.
  Cost of Operations
     Cost of operations was $63.2 million and $76.5 million for the three months ended March 31, 2009 and 2008, respectively, a decrease of $13.3 million or 17.4%. As a percentage of revenue, cost of operations was 66.0% and 65.6% for the three months ended March 31, 2009 and 2008, respectively.
     The decrease in cost of operations from our Florida operations for the three months ended March 31, 2009 of $6.9 million or 17.7% was due to lower costs for third-party disposal due to overall lower collection volumes of $2.6 million, lower variable labor costs of $2.0 million, decreased fuel costs of $1.6 million and decreases in other operating costs, primarily repair and maintenance, of $1.0 million. Offsetting these decreases were increased insurance and support costs of $0.3 million, which is primarily related to unfavorable claim development related to prior periods. As a percentage of revenue, cost of operations for our Florida operations was 63.6% and 64.8% for the three months ended March 31, 2009 and 2008, respectively. The improvement in our domestic gross margin is primarily due to wage and cost controls implemented in the fourth quarter of 2008.
     The decrease in cost of operations from our Canadian operations for the three months ended March 31, 2009 of $6.4 million or 17.0% was primarily due to the favorable effect of foreign exchange movements of $7.5 million. After considering foreign exchange rate changes, the increase in cost of operations from our Canadian operations of $1.1 million primarily relates to increased disposal rates for waste volumes shipped to the United States of $0.9 million, increased labor costs of $0.4 million, repair, maintenance and other increases of $0.8 million, offset by decreased fuel costs of $1.0 million. As a percentage of revenue, cost of operations for our Canadian operations was 68.6% and 66.6% for the three months ended March 31, 2009 and 2008, respectively. The decline in our Canadian gross margin is primarily due to lower commodity revenue coupled with low margin waste streams disposed of at our transfer stations and higher operating costs, as previously discussed.
  Selling, General and Administrative Expense
     Selling, general and administrative expense was $13.2 million and $16.4 million for the three months ended March 31, 2009 and 2008, respectively, a decrease of $3.2 million or 19.5%. As a percentage of revenue, selling, general and administrative expense was 13.8% and 14.0% for the three months ended March 31, 2009 and 2008, respectively. The overall decrease in selling, general and administrative expense was affected by a restructuring of corporate overhead and other administrative and operational functions that we completed during the fourth quarter of 2008, which is more fully described in our annual report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2008. These restructuring efforts have, for the most part, resulted in decreased salaries, wages, bonuses and other benefits of $1.4 million and decreased consulting and other administrative costs of $0.6 million. Stock-based compensation increased $0.4 million, primarily as a result of grants made in the first quarter of 2009 and the vesting of previously granted options and restricted stock units, which are more fully described in the notes to the Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements included elsewhere herein. The favorable effect of foreign exchange movements was $1.6 million.
  Depreciation, Depletion and Amortization
     Depreciation, depletion and amortization was $10.4 million and $11.7 million for the three months ended March 31, 2009 and 2008, respectively, a decrease of $1.3 million or 11.1%. As a percentage of revenue, depreciation, depletion and amortization was 10.8% and 10.1% for the three months ended March 31, 2009 and 2008, respectively. This decrease primarily relates to decreased landfill depletion of $0.5 million, which is primarily due to decreased third-party and internal disposal volumes at our domestic and Canadian landfills. Amortization of intangible assets decreased $0.3 million primarily due to lower amortization associated with our customer relationship intangible assets. Foreign exchange rate movements had a favorable effect of $0.9 million. Landfill depletion rates for our U.S. landfills ranged from $5.67 to $6.09 per ton and $3.57 to $6.16 per ton during the three months ended March 31, 2009 and 2008, respectively. Landfill depletion rates for our Canadian landfills ranged from C$0.66 to C$8.01 per tonne and C$2.99 to C$7.28 per tonne during the three months ended March 31, 2009 and 2008, respectively.

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  Gain on Sale of Property and Equipment, Foreign Exchange and Other
     Gain on sale of property and equipment, foreign exchange and other was $3.3 million and $0.2 million for the three months ended March 31, 2009 and 2008, respectively. Foreign exchange loss or gain relates to the re-measuring of U.S. dollar denominated monetary accounts held by our Canadian operations into Canadian dollars. During the first quarter of 2009, we sold certain land and buildings under the terms of a lease purchase option entered into with the purchaser of our Jacksonville, Florida operations. The purchase price for the land and buildings was $6.0 million with an associated gain on sale of $3.3 million, which is the primary driver of the increase in gain on sale of property and equipment, foreign exchange and other for the three months ended March 31, 2009 compared to the same period in the previous year.
  Interest Expense
     The components of interest expense for the three months ended March 31, 2009 and 2008 are as follows (in thousands):
                 
    Three Months Ended March 31,  
    2009     2008  
Senior Secured Credit Facilities
  $ 2,259     $ 4,908  
Senior Subordinated Notes
    3,800       3,800  
Amortization of debt issue costs and discounts
    839       1,038  
Other interest expense
    600       492  
 
           
 
  $ 7,498     $ 10,238  
 
           
     Interest expense was $7.5 million and $10.2 million for the three months ended March 31, 2009 and 2008, respectively, a decrease of $2.7 million or 26.5%. Interest expense on the Senior Secured Credit Facilities decreased $2.6 million for the three months ended March 31, 2009 due primarily to lower average rates and lower overall balances outstanding during the period. The weighted average interest rate on borrowings under the U.S. dollar denominated Senior Secured Credit Facilities was 4.1% and 7.6% for the three months ended March 31, 2009 and 2008, respectively and 4.7% for our Canadian dollar denominated Senior Secured Credit Facilities for the three months ended March 31, 2009.
     In March 2008, we used $42.5 million of proceeds from the sale of our Jacksonville, Florida operations to make a prepayment of the term notes under our Senior Secured Credit Facilities. As such, we expensed $0.5 million of unamortized debt issue cost related to the retirement.
  Change in Fair Value of Warrants
     Effective January 1, 2009 we adopted the provisions of EITF 07-5, “Determining Whether an Instrument (or Embedded Feature) is Indexed to an Entity’s Own Stock” (“EITF 07-5”). EITF 07-5 applies to any freestanding financial instruments or embedded features that have the characteristics of a derivative, as defined by SFAS No. 133, “Accounting for Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities,” and to any freestanding financial instruments that are potentially settled in an entity’s own common stock. As a result of adopting EITF 07-5, 2,383,333 of our issued and outstanding common stock purchase warrants previously treated as equity pursuant to the derivative treatment exemption were no longer afforded equity treatment. These warrants have a strike price of $9.00 and expire in May 2010. As such, effective January 1, 2009 we reclassified the fair value of these common stock purchase warrants, which have exercise price reset features, from equity to liability status as if these warrants were treated as a derivative liability since their date of issue in May 2003. On January 1, 2009, we reclassified from additional paid-in capital, as a cumulative effect adjustment, $11.4 million to beginning retained earnings and $2.4 million to a long-term warrant liability to recognize the fair value of such warrants on such date. The fair value of these common stock purchase warrants declined to $0.6 million as of March 31, 2009. As such, we recognized a $1.8 million gain for the change in fair value of these warrants for the three months ended March 31, 2009.

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  Income Tax Provision (Benefit)
     The provision for income taxes from continuing operations for the three months ended March 31, 2009 was $2.6 million, which was comprised of a $1.8 million provision for our U.S. operations and parent company and a $0.8 million provision for our Canadian operations. We provide a 100% valuation allowance for our net operating loss carry-forwards generated in the United States. The benefit for income taxes from continuing operations for the three months ended March 31, 2008 is primarily the result of the gain on sale of our Jacksonville, Florida operations as we benefited $4.8 million of our previously fully reserved net operating loss carry-forwards and reversed $2.6 million of excess deferred tax liabilities related to goodwill. In addition to the valuation allowance recorded for our net operating loss carry-forwards generated in the U.S., we also provide deferred tax liabilities generated by our tax deductible goodwill. The effect of not benefiting our domestic net operating loss carry-forwards and separately providing deferred tax liabilities for our tax deductible goodwill is to increase our domestic effective tax rate above the statutory amount that would otherwise be expected. Should we generate taxable income domestically, we expect our deferred tax liabilities generated from goodwill will offset other deferred tax assets and we will not provide for them separately. However, we currently do not foresee a decrease in our domestic effective tax rate for the remainder of 2009. We have not paid any domestic cash income taxes during the periods presented nor do we expect to pay any during the remainder of 2009.
     We recognize a provision for foreign taxes on our Canadian income including taxes for stock-based compensation, which is a non-deductible item for income tax reporting in Canada. Since stock-based compensation is a non-deductible expense and a permanent difference, our future effective tax rate in Canada is affected by the level of stock-based compensation incurred in a particular period. We expect that during the remainder of 2009, our Canadian statutory rate will approximate 32.0%. However, as a result of stock-based compensation, our effective rate is expected to approximate 32.0% to 34.0%. For the three months ended March 31, 2009, we paid C$1.9 million relative to our actual 2008 and estimated 2009 tax liabilities in Canada. We expect our estimated tax payments to approximate C$2.2 million per quarter for the remainder of 2009.
Liquidity and Capital Resources
     Our principal capital requirements are to fund capital expenditures, and to fund debt service and asset acquisitions. Significant sources of liquidity are cash on hand, working capital, borrowings from our Senior Secured Credit Facilities and proceeds from debt and/or equity issuances. The following discussion should be read in conjunction with the Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements and Notes thereto included elsewhere herein.
     Senior Secured Credit Facilities
     On October 8, 2008 we refinanced our Senior Secured Credit Facilities with new Senior Secured Credit Facilities (the “Credit Facilities”) with a consortium of new lenders. The Credit Facilities provide for a revolving credit facility of $124.8 million, which is available to either Waste Services, Inc. and our U.S. operations or our Canadian operations, in U.S. or Canadian dollars, and C$16.3 million, which is available to our Canadian operations. The new Credit Facilities also provide for term loans with initial principal balances of $39.9 million to Waste Services, Inc. and C$132.2 million to Waste Services (CA) Inc. The revolver commitments terminate on October 8, 2013 and the term loans mature in specified quarterly installments through October 8, 2013. The Credit Facilities are available to us as base rate loans, Eurodollar loans or Bankers Acceptance loans, plus an applicable margin, as defined, at our option in the respective lending jurisdiction. The Credit Facilities are secured by all of our assets, including those of our domestic and foreign subsidiaries, and are guaranteed by all of our domestic and foreign subsidiaries. As of March 31, 2009, there was $23.5 million and C$35.8 million outstanding on the revolving credit facility and $11.6 million and C$13.5 million of revolver capacity was used to support outstanding letters of credit in the U.S. and Canada, respectively. As of April 20, 2009, there was $32.0 million and C$35.8 million drawn on the revolving credit facility and $11.6 million and C$13.6 million of revolver capacity was used to support outstanding letters of credit in the U.S. and Canada, respectively.

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     Our Credit Facilities contain certain financial and other covenants that restrict our ability to, among other things, make capital expenditures, incur indebtedness, incur liens, dispose of property, repay debt, pay dividends, repurchase shares and make certain acquisitions. Our financial covenants include: (i) maximum total leverage; (ii) maximum senior secured leverage; and (iii) minimum interest coverage. The covenants and restrictions limit the manner in which we conduct our operations and could adversely affect our ability to raise additional capital. The following table sets forth our financial covenant levels for the current and each of the following four quarters:
                         
    Maximum   Maximum   Minimum
    Consolidated   Consolidated   Consolidated
    Leverage   Senior Secured   Interest
    Ratio   Leverage Ratio   Coverage Ratio
First quarter - 2009
    4.50 : 1.00       2.75 : 1.00       2.50 : 1.00  
Second quarter - 2009
    4.50 : 1.00       2.75 : 1.00       2.50 : 1.00  
Third quarter - 2009
    4.25 : 1.00       2.75 : 1.00       2.75 : 1.00  
Fourth quarter - 2009
    4.25 : 1.00       2.75 : 1.00       2.75 : 1.00  
First quarter - 2010
    4.25 : 1.00       2.75 : 1.00       2.75 : 1.00  
     As of March 31, 2009, we are in compliance with the financial covenants of our Credit Facilities and we expect to be in compliance with the financial covenants of our Credit Facilities in future periods.
     Other Secured Notes Payable
     Included in our other secured notes payable is a $10.5 million non-interest bearing promissory note with payments of $125,000 per month until June 2014. The net present value of the remaining payments due under the note as of March 31, 2009 approximates $6.4 million, and accretes interest at 7.8%. The note is secured by a transfer station and related permit.
     Senior Subordinated Notes
     On April 30, 2004, we completed a private offering of 9 1/2% Senior Subordinated Notes (“Senior Subordinated Notes”) due 2014 for gross proceeds of $160.0 million. The Senior Subordinated Notes mature on April 15, 2014. Interest on the Senior Subordinated Notes is payable semi annually on October 15 and April 15. The Senior Subordinated Notes are redeemable, in whole or in part, at our option, on or after April 15, 2009, at a redemption price of 104.75% of the principal amount, declining ratably in annual increments to par on or after April 15, 2012, together with accrued interest to the redemption date. Upon a change of control, as such term is defined in the Indenture, we are required to offer to repurchase all the Senior Subordinated Notes at 101.0% of the principal amount, together with accrued interest and liquidated damages, if any, and obtain the consent of our senior lenders to such payment or repay indebtedness under our Credit Facilities.
     The Senior Subordinated Notes are unsecured and are subordinate to our existing and future senior secured indebtedness, including our Credit Facilities, rank equally with any unsecured senior subordinated indebtedness and are senior to our existing and future subordinated indebtedness. Our obligations with respect to the Senior Subordinated Notes, including principal, interest, premium, if any, and liquidated damages, if any, are fully and unconditionally guaranteed on an unsecured, senior subordinated basis by all of our existing domestic and foreign subsidiaries.
     The Senior Subordinated Notes contain certain covenants that, in certain circumstances and subject to certain limitations and qualifications, restrict, among other things: (i) the incurrence of additional debt; (ii) the payment of dividends and repurchases of stock; (iii) the issuance of preferred stock and the issuance of stock of our subsidiaries; (iv) certain investments; (v) transactions with affiliates; and (vi) certain sales of assets.
     Direct Financing Lease Facility
     In January 2008, we entered into a direct financing lease facility to finance our fleet purchases in Florida. Availability under the facility is $6.0 million and the leases can extend for five or seven years. Vehicles purchased under the facility will be ineligible for tax depreciation deductions. Leases under the facility will be treated as capital leases and considered secured debt for purposes of our Senior Secured Credit Facilities. As of March 31, 2009 and April 20, 2009, the lease facility was undrawn.

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  Surety Bonds, Letters of Credit and Insurance
     Municipal solid waste services contracts and permits and licenses to operate transfer stations, landfills and recycling facilities may require performance or surety bonds, letters of credit or other means of financial assurance to secure contractual performance. As of March 31, 2009, we provided customers, an insurer and various regulatory authorities with such bonds and letters of credit amounting to approximately $83.6 million to collateralize our obligations, which is comprised of $50.8 million and C$13.3 million of performance and surety bonds or other means of financial assurance and $11.6 million and C$13.5 million of letters of credit. The majority of these obligations are renewed on an annual basis.
     Our domestic based workers’ compensation, automobile and general liability insurance coverage is subject to certain deductible limits. We retain up to $0.5 million and $0.25 million of risk per claim, plus claims handling expense under our workers’ compensation and our auto and general liability insurance programs, respectively. Claims in excess of such deductible levels are fully insured subject to our policy limits. However, we have a limited claims history for our U.S. operations and it is reasonably possible that recorded reserves may not be adequate to cover future payments of claims. Adjustments, if any, to our reserves will be reflected in the period in which the adjustments are known. As of March 31, 2009 and included in the $83.6 million of bonds and letters of credit discussed previously, we have posted a letter of credit with our U.S. insurer of approximately $10.9 million to secure the liability for losses within the deductible limit.
  Cash Flows
     The following discussion relates to the major components of the changes in cash flows for the three months ended March 31, 2009 and 2008.
  Cash Flows from Operating Activities
     Cash provided by operating activities of our continuing operations was $16.9 million and $8.3 million for the three months ended March 31, 2009 and 2008, respectively. The increase in cash provided by operating activities is primarily due to cash provided by changes in working capital of $4.1 million for the three months ended March 31, 2009 compared to cash used by working capital changes of $5.1 million for the same period in the previous year. The working capital increase is primarily due to cash paid for taxes in our Canadian operations, which was C$1.9 million for the three months ended March 31, 2009 compared to C$9.5 million for the same period in the prior year. Cash from operations before working capital changes decreased $0.6 million, primarily as a result of our overall lower revenues during the first quarter of 2009 compared to the prior year, which are discussed elsewhere in this report.
  Cash Flows from Investing Activities
     Cash provided by (used in) investing activities of our continuing operations was $(1.0) million and $45.2 million for the three months ended March 31, 2009 and 2008, respectively. For the three months ended March 31, 2009, cash used in investing activities relates to capital expenditures and cash used in business combinations of $7.5 million, offset by proceeds from the sale of property and equipment, primarily from the sale of the Jacksonville leased assets, of $6.5 million. For the three months ended March 31, 2008, cash provided by investing activities relates to the disposal of our Jacksonville, Florida operations, which provided initial proceeds of $56.8 million, offset by capital expenditures and deposits for business acquisitions. Capital expenditures for continuing operations were $6.9 million and $10.4 million for the three months ended March 31, 2009 and 2008, respectively. We expect our capital expenditures to range between $35.0 million and $40.0 million for the year ended December 31, 2009.
  Cash Flows from Financing Activities
     Cash used in financing activities of our continuing operations was $11.8 million and $42.9 million for the three months ended March 31, 2009 and 2008, respectively. Cash used in financing activities for the three months ended March 31, 2009 primarily relates to principal repayments of our Credit Facilities. Cash used in financing activities for the three months ended March 31, 2008 primarily relates to a $42.5 million prepayment of our prior Senior Secured Credit Facilities from a portion of the proceeds from the sale of our Jacksonville, Florida operations.

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     Cash Flow from Discontinued Operations
     Cash flows from our discontinued operations are disclosed separately on the Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows included elsewhere in this report. Having consummated the sale of our Jacksonville, Florida operations in March 2008, we are no longer impacted by these cash flows, and we do not anticipate any subsequent adverse affect on our future liquidity or financial covenants.
     Off-Balance Sheet Financing
     We have no off-balance sheet debt or similar obligations, other than our letters of credit and performance and surety bonds discussed previously, which are not debt. We have no transactions or obligations with related parties that are not disclosed, consolidated into or reflected in our reported results of operations or financial position. We do not guarantee any third-party debt. We have entered into a put or pay disposal agreement with RCI Environment Inc., Centres de Transbordement et de Valorisation Nord Sud Inc., RCM Environnement Inc. (collectively the “RCI Companies”) and Intersan Inc. pursuant to which we have posted a letter of credit for C$4.0 million to secure our obligations and those of the RCI Companies to Intersan Inc. Concurrently with the put or pay disposal agreement with the RCI Companies, we entered into a three year agreement with Waste Management of Canada Corporation (formerly Canadian Waste Services Inc.) to allow us to deliver non-hazardous solid waste to their landfill in Michigan, which has expired. Details of these agreements are further described in the notes to our Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements and in our annual financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2008, as filed on Form 10-K. The companies within the RCI group are controlled by a director of ours and/or individuals related to that director.
Landfill Sites
     The following table reflects landfill capacity activity for the three months ended March 31, 2009 for permitted landfills owned by us, which are part of our continuing operations (in thousands of cubic yards):
                         
    Balance,             Balance,  
    Beginning     Airspace     End  
    of Period     Consumed     of Period  
United States
                       
Permitted capacity
    80,025       (465 )     79,560  
Probable expansion capacity
                 
 
                 
 
                       
Total available airspace
    80,025       (465 )     79,560  
 
                 
Number of sites
    4             4  
Canada
                       
Permitted capacity
    11,018       (92 )     10,926  
Probable expansion capacity
    4,852             4,852  
 
                 
 
                       
Total available airspace
    15,870       (92 )     15,778  
 
                 
Number of sites
    3             3  
Total
                       
Permitted capacity
    91,043       (557 )     90,486  
Probable expansion capacity
    4,852             4,852  
 
                 
 
                       
Total available airspace
    95,895       (557 )     95,338  
 
                 
Number of sites
    7             7  

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Trend Information
Seasonality
     We expect the results of our Canadian operations to vary seasonally, with revenue typically lowest in the first quarter of the year, higher in the second and third quarters, and lower in the fourth quarter than in the third quarter. The seasonality is attributable to a number of factors including:
    Less solid waste is generated during the late fall, winter and early spring because of decreased construction and demolition activity.
 
    Certain operating costs are higher in the winter months because winter weather conditions slow waste collection activities, resulting in higher labor costs, and rain and snow increase the weight of collected waste, resulting in higher disposal costs, which are calculated on a per ton basis.
 
    During the summer months, there are more tourists and part-time residents in some of our service areas, resulting in more residential and commercial collection.
     Consequently, we expect operating income to be generally lower during the winter. The effect of seasonality on our results of operations from our U.S. operations, which are located in warmer climates than our Canadian operations, is less significant than that of our Canadian operations.
New Accounting Pronouncements
     Effective January 1, 2009 we adopted the provisions of EITF 07-5, “Determining Whether an Instrument (or Embedded Feature) is Indexed to an Entity’s Own Stock”. Details related to our adoption of this standard and its impact on our financial position and results of operations are discussed in more detail elsewhere in this Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations and in the accompanying Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.
     In September 2006, the FASB issued SFAS No. 157, “Fair Value Measurements” (“SFAS 157”), which defines fair value, establishes a framework for measuring fair value in GAAP, and expands disclosures about fair value measurements. SFAS 157 does not require any new fair value measurements, but provides guidance on how to measure fair value by providing a fair value hierarchy used to classify the source of the information. In February 2008, the FASB deferred the effective date of SFAS 157 by one year for certain non-financial assets and non-financial liabilities, except those that are recognized or disclosed at fair value in the financial statements on a recurring basis (at least annually). On January 1, 2008, we adopted the provisions of SFAS 157, except as it applies to those nonfinancial assets and nonfinancial liabilities for which the effective date has been delayed by one year, which we adopted on January 1, 2009. The adoption of SFAS 157 did not have a material effect on our financial position or results of operations. The book values of cash, accounts receivable and accounts payable approximate their respective fair values due to the short-term nature of these instruments. The fair value of the term loan facilities under our Senior Secured Credit Facilities and our 91/2% Senior Subordinated Notes at March 31, 2009 is estimated at $127.6 million and $120.0 million, respectively, based on quoted market prices.
     In December 2007, the FASB issued SFAS 141(R), which establishes the principles and requirements for how an acquirer (i) recognizes and measures in its financial statements the identifiable assets acquired, the liabilities assumed and any noncontrolling interest in the acquiree; (ii) recognizes and measures the goodwill acquired in the business combination or a gain from a bargain purchase; and (iii) determines what information to disclose to enable users of the financial statements to evaluate the nature and financial effects of the business combination. Previously any changes in valuation allowances as a result of income from acquisitions for certain deferred tax assets would serve to reduce goodwill. Under SFAS 141(R), any changes in the valuation allowance related to income from acquisitions currently or in prior periods now serves to reduce income taxes in the period in which the reserve is reversed. Additionally, under SFAS 141(R), transaction related expenses that were previously capitalized are now expensed as incurred. As of December 31, 2008, we had no deferred transaction related expenses for business combination transactions in negotiation. We will apply the provisions of SFAS 141(R) prospectively to business combinations consummated on or after January 1, 2009. There were no other transition adjustments upon our adoption of SFAS 141(R) on January 1, 2009.

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     In December 2007, the FASB issued SFAS No. 160, “Noncontrolling Interests in Consolidated Financial Statements — an amendment of ARB No. 51” (“SFAS 160”). SFAS 160 establishes accounting and reporting standards that require (i) noncontrolling interests to be reported as a component of equity; (ii) changes in a parent’s ownership interest while the parent retains its controlling interest to be accounted for as equity transactions; and (iii) any retained noncontrolling equity investment upon the deconsolidation of a subsidiary to be initially measured at fair value. Our adoption of SFAS 160 on January 1, 2009 did not have an effect on our financial position or results of operations.
Disclosure Regarding Forward-Looking Statements and Factors Affecting Future Results
     This Form 10-Q contains certain “forward-looking statements” within the meaning of Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, or the Exchange Act. Some of these forward-looking statements include forward-looking phrases such as “anticipates,” “believes,” “could,” “estimates,” “expects,” “foresees,” “intends,” “may,” “should” or “will continue,” or similar expressions or the negatives thereof or other variations on these expressions, or similar terminology, or discussions of strategy, plans or intentions.
     Such statements reflect our current views regarding future events and are subject to certain risks, uncertainties and assumptions. Many factors could cause our actual results, performance or achievements to be materially different from any future results, performance or achievements that forward-looking statements may express or imply, including, among others:
    our substantial indebtedness and the significant restrictive covenants in our various credit facilities and our ability to finance acquisitions and / or capital expenditures with cash on hand, debt or equity offerings;
 
    our ability to pay principal debt amounts due at maturity;
 
    our business is capital intensive and may consume cash in excess of cash flow from operations and borrowings;
 
    our ability to vertically integrate our operations;
 
    our ability to maintain and perform our financial assurance obligations;
 
    changes in regulations affecting our business and costs of compliance;
 
    revocation of existing permits and licenses or the refusal to renew or grant new permits and licenses, which are required to enable us to operate our business or implement our growth strategy;
 
    our domestic operations are concentrated in Florida, which may be subject to specific economic conditions that vary from those nationally as well as weather related events that may impact our operations;
 
    construction, equipment delivery or permitting delays for our transfer stations or landfills;
 
    our ability to successfully implement our corporate strategy and integrate any acquisitions we undertake;
 
    our ability to negotiate renewals of existing service agreements at favorable rates;
 
    our ability to enhance profitability of certain aspects of our operations in markets where we are not internalized through either divestiture or asset swaps;
 
    costs and risks associated with litigation; and
 
    changes in general business and economic conditions, commodity pricing, exchange rates, the financial markets and accounting standards or pronouncements.

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     Some of these factors are discussed in more detail in our annual report on Form 10-K, as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission for the year ended December 31, 2008, included under Item 1A. of the annual report, “Risk Factors”. If one or more of these risks or uncertainties affects future events and circumstances, or if underlying assumptions do not materialize, actual results may vary materially from those described in this Form 10-Q and our annual report as anticipated, believed, estimated or expected, and this could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and the results of our operations. Further, any forward-looking statement speaks only as of the date on which it is made, and except as required by law, we undertake no obligation to update any forward-looking statement to reflect events or circumstances after the date on which it is made or to reflect the occurrence of anticipated or unanticipated events or circumstances.
Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk
     A portion of our operations is domiciled in Canada. For each reporting period we translate the results of operations and financial condition of our Canadian operations into U.S. dollars, in accordance with SFAS No. 52, “Foreign Currency Translation”, (“SFAS 52”). Therefore, the reported results of our operations and financial condition are subject to changes in the exchange relationship between the two currencies. For example, as the relationship of the Canadian dollar strengthens against the U.S. dollar, revenue is favorably affected and conversely expenses are unfavorably affected. Assets and liabilities of our Canadian operations are translated from Canadian dollars into U.S. dollars at the exchange rates in effect at the relevant balance sheet dates, and revenue and expenses of our Canadian operations are translated from Canadian dollars into U.S. dollars at the average exchange rates prevailing during the period. Unrealized gains and losses on translation of our Canadian operations into U.S. dollars are reported as a separate component of shareholders’ equity and are included in comprehensive income or loss. Monetary assets and liabilities, as well as intercompany receivables, denominated in U.S. dollars held by our Canadian operations are re-measured from U.S. dollars into Canadian dollars and then translated into U.S. dollars. The effects of re-measurement are reported currently as a component of net income (loss). Currently, we do not hedge our exposure to changes in foreign exchange rates. For the three months ended March 31, 2009, we estimate that a 10.0% increase or decrease in the relationship of the Canadian dollar to the U.S. dollar would increase or decrease operating profit from our Canadian operations by approximately $0.3 million.
     On October 8, 2008, we refinanced our Senior Secured Credit Facilities with new Senior Secured Credit Facilities (the “Credit Facilities”) with a consortium of new lenders. A portion of the Credit Facilities is denominated and payable in Canadian dollars, which totaled $127.2 million as of March 31, 2009. We estimate that a 10.0% increase or decrease in the relationship of the Canadian dollar to the U.S. dollar as of March 31, 2009 would increase or decrease the reported amount due under the Credit Facilities by approximately $12.7 million. We estimate that a 10.0% increase or decrease in the relationship of the Canadian dollar to the U.S. dollar would increase or decrease interest expense by approximately $0.2 million for the three months ended March 31, 2009.
     We are exposed to variable interest rates under our Credit Facilities, which are available to us as base rate loans, Eurodollar loans or Bankers Acceptance loans, plus an applicable margin, as defined, at our option in the respective lending jurisdiction. A hypothetical 10.0% change in interest rates relative to our Credit Facilities would increase quarterly cash interest expense by approximately $0.1 million. We determined this impact by applying the hypothetical change to the weighted average variable interest rate at March 31, 2009 and then assessing this notional rate against the borrowings outstanding as of March 31, 2009.
Item 4. Controls and Procedures
Disclosure Controls and Procedures
     We maintain disclosure controls and procedures designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed in our filings under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 is recorded, processed, summarized and reported accurately within the time periods specified in the Securities and Exchange Commission’s rules and forms. As of the end of the period covered by this report, an evaluation was performed under the supervision and with the participation of management, including the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, of the effectiveness of the design and operation of our disclosure controls and procedures (pursuant to Exchange Act Rule 13a-15). Based on this evaluation, the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures are effective. The conclusions of the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer from this evaluation were communicated to the Audit Committee.
Changes in Internal Controls Over Financial Reporting
     There were no changes in our internal control over financial reporting that occurred during our last fiscal quarter that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

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PART II. OTHER INFORMATION
Item 1. Legal Proceedings
     Information regarding our legal proceedings may be found under the “Legal Proceedings” section of Note 13, “Commitments and Contingencies” to our Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements contained herein.
Item 1A. Risk Factors
     There have been no material changes in risk factors previously disclosed in our Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2008.
Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds
     None
Item 3. Defaults Upon Senior Securities
     None
Item 4. Submission of Matters to a Vote of Security Holders
     None
Item 5. Other Information
     None
Item 6. Exhibits
     
Exhibit 31.1
  Section 302 Certification of David Sutherland-Yoest, Chief Executive Officer.
 
   
Exhibit 31.2
  Section 302 Certification of Edwin D. Johnson, Chief Financial Officer.
 
   
Exhibit 32.1
  Section 1350 Certification of the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer.

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SIGNATURES
     Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.
         
  WASTE SERVICES, INC.

 
 
Date: April 24, 2009  By:   /s/ DAVID SUTHERLAND-YOEST    
    David Sutherland-Yoest   
    President and Chief Executive Officer   
 
     
  By:   /s/ EDWIN D. JOHNSON    
    Edwin D. Johnson   
    Executive Vice President, Chief Financial Officer   

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EXHIBIT INDEX
     
Exhibit No   Description
 
   
Exhibit 31.1
  Section 302 Certification of David Sutherland-Yoest, Chief Executive Officer.
 
   
Exhibit 31.2
  Section 302 Certification of Edwin D. Johnson, Chief Financial Officer.
 
   
Exhibit 32.1
  Section 1350 Certification of the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer.

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