PROPERTY AND EQUIPMENT

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2015

Property, Plant and Equipment [Abstract]

Property and equipment includes land, buildings and improvements, machinery and equipment, roads and other items.

Carrying Value of Property and Equipment and Estimated Service Lives



DOLLAR AMOUNTS IN MILLIONS
	RANGE OF LIVES	DECEMBER 31, 2015			DECEMBER 31, 2014
Property and equipment, at cost:
Land	N/A	$	121		$	127
Buildings and improvements	10–40	1,208			1,220
Machinery and equipment	2–25	6,675			6,706
Roads	10–20	624			609
Other	3–10	252			285
Total cost		8,880			8,947
Allowance for depreciation and amortization		(6,294		)	(6,324		)
Property and equipment, net		$	2,586		$	2,623

SERVICE LIVES AND DEPRECIATION

Buildings and improvements for property and equipment have estimated lives that are generally at either the high end or low end of the range from 10 years to 40 years, depending on the type and performance of construction.

The maximum service lives for machinery and equipment varies among our operations:


•	Timberlands — 15 years;


•	Wood products manufacturing facilities — 20 years; and


•	Pulp mills — 25 years.

Depreciation expense, excluding discontinued operations, was:


•	$314 million in 2015,


•	$332 million in 2014 and


•	$332 million in 2013.