SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES

Our significant accounting policies describe:


•	our election to be taxed as a real estate investment trust,


•	how we report our results,


•	changes in how we report our results and


•	how we account for various items.

OUR ELECTION TO BE TAXED AS A REAL ESTATE INVESTMENT TRUST (REIT)

Starting with our 2010 fiscal year, we elected to be taxed as a REIT. We expect to derive most of our REIT income from investments in timberlands, including the sale of standing timber through pay-as-cut sales contracts. REIT income can be distributed to shareholders without first paying corporate level tax, substantially eliminating the double taxation on income. A significant portion of our timberland segment earnings receives this favorable tax treatment. We are, however, subject to corporate taxes on built-in-gains (the excess of fair market value over tax basis at January 1, 2010) on sales of real property (other than standing timber) held by the REIT during the first 10 years following the REIT conversion. We continue to be required to pay federal corporate income taxes on earnings of our Taxable REIT Subsidiary (TRS), which principally includes our manufacturing businesses, our real estate development business and our non-qualified timberland segment income.

HOW WE REPORT OUR RESULTS

Our report includes:


•	consolidated financial statements,


•	our business segments,


•	foreign currency translation, and


•	estimates.

CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

Our consolidated financial statements provide an overall view of our results and financial condition. They include our accounts and the accounts of entities that we control, including:


•	majority-owned domestic and foreign subsidiaries and


•	variable interest entities in which we are the primary beneficiary.

They do not include our intercompany transactions and accounts, which are eliminated, and noncontrolling interests are presented as a separate component of equity.

We account for investments in and advances to unconsolidated equity affiliates using the equity method, with taxes provided on undistributed earnings. This means that we record earnings and accrue taxes in the period that the earnings are recorded by our unconsolidated equity affiliates.

We report our financial condition in two groups:


•	Forest Products — our forest products-based operations, principally the growing and harvesting of timber, the manufacture, distribution and sale of forest products and corporate governance activities; and


•	Real Estate — our real estate development and construction operations.

Throughout these Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements, unless specified otherwise, references to “Weyerhaeuser,” “we” and “our” refer to the consolidated company, including both Forest Products and Real Estate.

OUR BUSINESS SEGMENTS

We are principally engaged in:


•	growing and harvesting timber;


•	manufacturing, distributing and selling forest products; and


•	developing real estate and building single-family homes.

Our business segments are organized based primarily on products and services.

Our Business Segments and Products



SEGMENT	PRODUCTS AND SERVICES
Timberlands	Logs, timber, minerals, oil and gas and international wood products
Wood Products	Softwood lumber, engineered lumber, structural panels and building materials distribution
Cellulose Fibers	Pulp, liquid packaging board and an equity interest in a newsprint joint venture
Real Estate	Real estate development and single-family home building operations

We also transfer raw materials, semifinished materials and end products among our business segments. Because of this intracompany activity, accounting for our business segments involves:


•	allocating joint conversion and common facility costs according to usage by our business segment product lines and


•	pricing products transferred between our business segments at current market values.

Gains or charges not related to or allocated to an individual operating segment are held in Unallocated Items. This includes a portion of items such as: share-based compensation; pension and postretirement costs; foreign exchange transaction gains and losses associated with financing; and the elimination of intersegment profit in inventory and the LIFO reserve.

FOREIGN CURRENCY TRANSLATION

Local currencies are the functional currencies for most of our operations outside the U.S. We translate foreign currencies into U.S. dollars in two ways:


•	assets and liabilities — at the exchange rates in effect as of our balance sheet date; and


•	revenues and expenses — at average monthly exchange rates throughout the year.

ESTIMATES

We prepare our financial statements according to U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (U.S. GAAP). This requires us to make estimates and assumptions during our reporting periods and at the date of our financial statements. The estimates and assumptions affect our:


•	reported amounts of assets, liabilities and equity;


•	disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities; and


•	reported amounts of revenues and expenses.

While we do our best in preparing these estimates, actual results can and do differ from those estimates and assumptions.

CHANGES IN HOW WE REPORT OUR RESULTS

Changes in how we report our results come from:


•	accounting changes made upon our adoption of new accounting guidance and


•	our reclassification of certain balances and results from prior years to make them consistent with our current reporting.

RECLASSIFICATIONS

We have reclassified certain balances and results from the prior years to be consistent with our 2012 reporting. This makes year-to-year comparisons easier. Our reclassifications had no effect on net earnings or Weyerhaeuser shareholders’ interest. The reclassifications include where we report the elimination of intersegment profit on inventory and the LIFO reserve. Previously these company-level adjustments were recorded in the business segments and are now recorded in Unallocated Items. This provides a better understanding of business operating results.

HOW WE ACCOUNT FOR VARIOUS ITEMS

This section provides information about how we account for certain key items related to:


•	capital investments,


•	financing our business and


•	operations.

ITEMS RELATED TO CAPITAL INVESTMENTS

Key items related to accounting for capital investments pertain to property and equipment, timber and timberlands, impairment of long-lived assets and goodwill.

Property and Equipment

We maintain property accounts on an individual asset basis. Here’s how we handle major items:


•	Improvements to and replacements of major units of property are capitalized.


•	Maintenance, repairs and minor replacements are expensed.


•	Depreciation is calculated using a straight-line method at rates based on estimated service lives.


•	Logging roads are generally amortized — as timber is harvested — at rates based on the volume of timber estimated to be removed.


•	Cost and accumulated depreciation of property sold or retired are removed from the accounts and the gain or loss is included in earnings.

Timber and Timberlands

We carry timber and timberlands at cost less depletion charged to disposals. Depletion refers to the carrying value of timber that is harvested, lost as a result of casualty, or sold.

Key activities affecting how we account for timber and timberlands include:


•	reforestation,


•	depletion and


•	forest management in Canada.

Reforestation. Generally, we capitalize initial site preparation and planting costs as reforestation. We transfer reforestation to a merchantable timber classification when the timber is considered harvestable. That generally occurs after:


•	15 years in the South and


•	30 years in the West.

Generally, we expense costs after the first planting as they are incurred or over the period of expected benefit. These costs include:


•	fertilization,


•	vegetation and insect control,


•	pruning and precommercial thinning,


•	property taxes and


•	interest.

Accounting practices for these costs do not change when timber becomes merchantable and harvesting starts.

Depletion. To determine depletion rates, we divide the net carrying value of timber by the related volume of timber estimated to be available over the growth cycle. To determine the growth cycle volume of timber, we consider:


•	regulatory and environmental constraints,


•	our management strategies,


•	inventory data improvements,


•	growth rate revisions and recalibrations and


•	known dispositions and inoperable acres.

We include the cost of timber harvested in the carrying values of raw materials and product inventories. As these inventories are sold to third parties, we include them in the cost of products sold.

Forest management in Canada. We hold forest management licenses in various Canadian provinces that are:


•	granted by the provincial governments;


•	granted for initial periods of 15 to 25 years; and


•	renewable every five years provided we meet reforestation, operating and management guidelines.

Calculation of the fees we pay on the timber we harvest:


•	varies from province to province,


•	is tied to product market pricing and


•	depends upon the allocation of land management responsibilities in the license.

Impairment of Long-Lived Assets

We review long-lived assets — including certain identifiable intangibles — for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of the assets may not be recoverable. Impaired assets held for use are written down to fair value. Impaired assets held for sale are written down to fair value less cost to sell. We determine fair value based on:


•	appraisals,


•	market pricing of comparable assets,


•	discounted value of estimated cash flows from the asset and


•	replacement values of comparable assets.

Goodwill

Goodwill is the purchase price minus the fair value of net assets acquired when we buy another entity. We assess goodwill for impairment:


•	using a fair-value-based approach and


•	at least annually — at the beginning of the fourth quarter.

In 2012 the fair value of the reporting unit with goodwill substantially exceeded its carrying value.

Fair Value Measurements

We use a fair value hierarchy in accounting for certain nonfinancial assets and liabilities including:


•	long-lived assets (asset groups) measured at fair value for an impairment assessment,


•	reporting units measured at fair value in the first step of a goodwill impairment test,


•	nonfinancial assets and nonfinancial liabilities measured at fair value in the second step of a goodwill impairment assessment and


•	asset retirement obligations initially measured at fair value.

The fair value hierarchy is based on inputs to valuation techniques that are used to measure fair value that are either observable or unobservable. Observable inputs reflect assumptions market participants would use in pricing an asset or liability based on market data obtained from independent sources while unobservable inputs reflect a reporting entity’s pricing based upon its own market assumptions.

The fair value hierarchy consists of the following three levels:


•	Level 1 — Inputs are quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities.


•	Level 2 — Inputs are:

– quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities in an active market;

– quoted prices for identical or similar assets or liabilities in markets that are not active; or

– inputs other than quoted prices that are observable and market-corroborated inputs, which are derived principally from or corroborated by observable market data.


•	Level 3 — Inputs are derived from valuation techniques in which one or more significant inputs or value drivers are unobservable.

ITEMS RELATED TO FINANCING OUR BUSINESS

Key items related to financing our business include financial instruments, cash and cash equivalents and accounts payable.

Financial Instruments

We estimate the fair value of financial instruments where appropriate. The assumptions we use — including the discount rate and estimates of cash flows — can significantly affect our fair-value amounts. Our fair values are estimates and may not match the amounts we would realize upon sale or settlement of our financial positions.

Cash and Cash Equivalents

Cash equivalents are investments with original maturities of 90 days or less. We state cash equivalents at cost, which approximates market.

Accounts Payable

Our banking system replenishes our major bank accounts daily as checks we have issued are presented for payment. As a result, we have negative book cash balances due to outstanding checks that have not yet been paid by the bank. These negative balances are included in accounts payable on our Consolidated Balance Sheet. Changes in these negative cash balances are reported as financing activities in our Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows. Negative book cash balances were:


•	$15 million at December 31, 2012; and


•	$47 million at December 31, 2011.

ITEMS RELATED TO OPERATIONS

Key items related to operations include revenue recognition, inventories, shipping and handling costs, income taxes, share-based compensation, pension and other postretirement plans, and environmental remediation.

Revenue Recognition

Forest Products operations generally recognize revenue upon shipment to customers. For certain export sales, revenue is recognized when title transfers at the foreign port.

For real estate and timberland sales, we recognize revenue when:


•	closings have occurred,


•	required down payments have been received,


•	title and possession have been transferred to the buyer and


•	all other criteria for sale and profit recognition have been satisfied.

Inventories

We state inventories at the lower of cost or market. Cost includes labor, materials and production overhead. We use LIFO — the last-in, first-out method — for certain of our domestic raw material, in-process and finished goods inventories. Our LIFO inventories were:


•	$192 million at December 31, 2012; and


•	$172 million at December 31, 2011.

We use FIFO — the first-in, first-out method — or moving average cost methods for the balance of our domestic raw materials and product inventories as well as for all material and supply inventories and all foreign inventories. If we used FIFO for all inventories, our stated product inventories would have been higher by:


•	$112 million at December 31, 2012; and


•	$120 million at December 31, 2011.

Shipping and Handling Costs

We classify shipping and handling costs in the costs of products sold in our Consolidated Statement of Operations.

Income Taxes

We account for income taxes under the asset and liability method. Unrecognized tax benefits represent potential future funding obligations to taxing authorities if uncertain tax positions the company has taken on previously filed tax returns are not sustained. In accordance with the company’s accounting policy, accrued interest and penalties related to unrecognized tax benefits are recognized as a component of income tax expense.

We recognize deferred tax assets and liabilities to reflect:


•	future tax consequences due to differences between the carrying amounts for financial purposes and the tax bases of certain items and


•	operating loss and tax credit carryforwards.

To measure deferred tax assets and liabilities, we:


•	determine when the differences between the carrying amounts and tax bases of affected items are expected to be recovered or resolved and


•	use enacted tax rates expected to apply to taxable income in those years.

Share-Based Compensation

We generally measure the fair value of share-based awards on the dates they are granted or modified. These measurements establish the cost of the share-based awards for accounting purposes. We then recognize the cost of share-based awards in our Consolidated Statement of Operations over each employee’s required service period. Note 17: Share-Based Compensation provides more information about our share-based compensation.

Pension and Other Postretirement Benefit Plans

We recognize the overfunded or underfunded status of our defined benefit pension and other postretirement plans on our Consolidated Balance Sheet and recognize changes in the funded status through comprehensive income (loss) in the year in which the changes occur.

Actuarial valuations determine the amount of the pension and other postretirement benefit obligations and the net periodic benefit cost we recognize. The net periodic benefit cost includes:


•	cost of benefits provided in exchange for employees’ services rendered during the year;


•	interest cost of the obligations;


•	expected long-term return on fund assets;


•	gains or losses on plan settlements and curtailments;


•	amortization of prior service costs and plan amendments over the average remaining service period of the active employee group covered by the plans; and


•	amortization of cumulative unrecognized net actuarial gains and losses — generally in excess of 10 percent of the greater of the accrued benefit obligation or market-related value of plan assets at the beginning of the year — over the average remaining service period of the active employee group covered by the plans.

Pension plans. We have pension plans covering most of our employees. Determination of benefits differs for salaried, hourly and union employees:


•	Salaried employee benefits are based on each employee’s highest monthly earnings for five consecutive years during the final 10 years before retirement.


•	Hourly and union employee benefits generally are stated amounts for each year of service.


•	Union employee benefits are set through collective-bargaining agreements.

We contribute to our U.S. and Canadian pension plans according to established funding standards. The funding standards for the plans are:


•	U.S. pension plans — according to the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974; and


•	Canadian pension plans — according to the applicable provincial pension act and the Income Tax Act.

Postretirement benefits other than pensions. We provide certain postretirement health care and life insurance benefits for some retired employees. In some cases, we pay a portion of the cost of the benefit. Note 8: Pension and Other Postretirement Benefit Plans provides additional information about changes made in our postretirement benefit plans during 2012 and 2011.

Environmental Remediation

We accrue losses associated with environmental remediation obligations when such losses are probable and reasonably estimable. Future expenditures for environmental remediation obligations are not discounted to their present value. Recoveries of environmental remediation costs from other parties are recorded as assets when the recovery is deemed probable and does not exceed the amount of losses previously recorded.