Employee Benefit Plans

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2023

Share-Based Payment Arrangement [Abstract]

Equity Incentive Plans

We have equity incentive plans under which we grant equity awards, including stock options, restricted stock units (“RSUs”), total shareholder return performance share units (“TSR PSUs”), and performance-based restricted stock units (“PBRSUs”), to our directors, officers and employees. As of December 31, 2023, 785 million shares were authorized under our equity incentive plans and 42 million shares were available for future grant.

RSU awards granted to eligible employees under our equity incentive plans generally vest in annual or quarterly installments over a period of three to five years, are subject to the employees’ continuing service to us and do not have an expiration date.

In 2023, 2022 and 2021, certain executives were eligible to receive PBRSUs. PBRSU awards are subject to performance and time-based vesting requirements. The target number of shares subject to the PBRSU award are adjusted based on our business performance measured against the performance goals approved by the Compensation and Human Capital Committee at the beginning of the performance period. Generally, if the performance criteria are satisfied, one-half of the award vests in March following the end of the performance period and the other half of the award vests in March of the following year.

Deferred Stock Units

Prior to December 31, 2016, we granted deferred stock units to each non-employee director (other than Mr. Omidyar) at the time of our annual meeting of stockholders and to new non-employee directors upon their election to the Board. Each deferred stock unit award granted to a new non-employee director upon election to the Board vests 25% one year from the date of grant, and at a rate of 2.08% per month thereafter. In addition, directors were permitted to elect to receive, in lieu of annual retainer and committee chair fees and at the time these fees would otherwise be payable, fully vested deferred stock units with an initial value equal to the amount based on the fair market value of common stock at the date of grant. Following termination of a non-employee director’s service on the Board, deferred stock units granted prior to August 1, 2013 are payable in stock or cash (at our election), while deferred stock units granted on or after August 1, 2013 are payable solely in stock. As of December 31, 2023, there were approximately 74,424 deferred stock units outstanding, which are included in our restricted stock unit activity below. As of December 31, 2016, we no longer grant deferred stock units.

Employee Stock Purchase Plan

We have an Employee Stock Purchase Plan (“ESPP”) for all eligible employees. Under the ESPP, shares of our common stock may be purchased over an offering period with a maximum duration of two years at 85% of the lower of the fair market value on the first day of the applicable offering period or on the last day of the six-month purchase period. Employees may purchase shares having a value not exceeding 10% of their eligible compensation during an offering period. During 2023, 2022 and 2021, employees purchased approximately 2 million shares each year under this plan at average prices of $33.63, $38.04 and $38.93 per share, respectively. As of December 31, 2023, approximately 28 million shares of common stock were reserved for future issuance.

Stock Option Activity

Stock options granted in 2023 and 2022 were not material. No stock options were granted in 2021.

No options were exercised under our equity incentive plans during 2023. During 2022 and 2021, the aggregate intrinsic value of options exercised under our equity incentive plans was $2 million and $2 million, respectively, determined as of the date of option exercise.

Restricted Stock Unit Activity

The following table presents RSU activity (including PBRSUs that have been earned) under our equity incentive plans as of and for the year ended December 31, 2023 (in millions, except per share amounts):


	Units	Weighted Average Grant-Date Fair Value (per share)
Outstanding as of January 1, 2023	21	$	52.29
Awarded and assumed	17	$	44.12
Vested	(11)	$	47.83
Forfeited	(3)	$	51.17
Outstanding as of December 31, 2023	24	$	48.80
Expected to vest as of December 31, 2023	20

During 2023, 2022 and 2021, the aggregate intrinsic value of RSUs vested under our equity incentive plans was $455 million, $448 million and $697 million, respectively.

Stock-Based Compensation Expense

The following table presents stock-based compensation expense from continuing operations for the periods indicated (in millions):


	Year Ended December 31,
	2023		2022		2021
Cost of net revenues	$	53	$	51	$	47
Sales and marketing	92		73		83
Product development	272		222		196
General and administrative	158		148		151
Total stock-based compensation expense	$	575	$	494	$	477
Capitalized in product development	$	16	$	14	$	12

As of December 31, 2023, there was approximately $896 million of unearned stock-based compensation that will be expensed from 2024 through 2028. If there are any modifications or cancellations of the underlying unvested awards, we may be required to accelerate, increase or cancel all or a portion of the remaining unearned stock-based compensation expense. Future unearned stock-based compensation will increase to the extent we grant additional equity awards, change the mix of grants between stock options and restricted stock units or assume unvested equity awards in connection with acquisitions.

Employee Savings Plans

We have a defined contribution plan, which is qualified under Section 401(k) of the Internal Revenue Code. Participating employees may contribute up to 50% of their eligible earned compensation, but not more than statutory limits. During the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021, we contributed one dollar for each dollar a participant contributed, with a maximum contribution of 4% of each employee’s eligible earned compensation, subject to a maximum employer contribution of $13,200, $12,200 and $11,600 per employee for each period, respectively. Our non-U.S. employees are covered by various other savings plans. Total expense for these plans was $61 million, $58 million and $54 million for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021, respectively.