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Restructuring
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2022
Restructuring and Related Activities [Abstract]  
Restructuring Restructuring
Restructuring reserve activity during 2022 was immaterial.

During the first quarter of 2021, management approved plans that included the reduction in workforce and other exit costs. The reduction was substantially completed in the first quarter of 2021 and resulted in a pre-tax charge of $35 million.

During the first quarter of 2020, we substantially completed the reduction in workforce that was approved by management during the fourth quarter of 2019. We incurred pre-tax restructuring charges of approximately $7 million primarily during the first quarter of 2020 in connection with the action taken in the fourth quarter of 2019 and made payments of approximately $34 million during 2020.
The restructuring charges incurred in 2022, 2021 and 2020 were included in general and administrative expenses in the consolidated statement of income.