Fair Value Measurement of Assets and Liabilities

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2016

Fair Value Disclosures [Abstract]

Fair Value Measurement of Assets and Liabilities

Fair Value Measurement of Assets and Liabilities

The following tables present our financial assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis as of December 31, 2016 and 2015 (in millions):

	December 31, 2016		Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1)		Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2)
Assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$	1,816	$	1,816	$	—
Short-term investments:
Restricted cash	19		19		—
Corporate debt securities	5,246		—		5,246
Government and agency securities	68		—		68
Total short-term investments	5,333		19		5,314
Derivatives	154		—		154
Long-term investments:
Corporate debt securities	3,851		—		3,851
Total long-term investments	3,851		—		3,851
Total financial assets	$	11,154	$	1,835	$	9,319
Liabilities:
Derivatives	$	48	$	—	$	48

	December 31, 2015		Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1)		Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2)
Assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$	1,832	$	1,664	$	168
Short-term investments:
Restricted cash	28		28		—
Corporate debt securities	3,287		—		3,287
Government and agency securities	55		—		55
Equity instruments	929		929		—
Total short-term investments	4,299		957		3,342
Derivatives	97		—		97
Long-term investments:
Corporate debt securities	3,267		—		3,267
Total long-term investments	3,267		—		3,267
Total financial assets	$	9,495	$	2,621	$	6,874
Liabilities:
Derivatives	$	25	$	—	$	25

Our financial assets and liabilities are valued using market prices on both active markets (“Level 1”) and less active markets (“Level 2”). Level 1 instrument valuations are obtained from real-time quotes for transactions in active exchange markets involving identical assets. Level 2 instrument valuations are obtained from readily available pricing sources for comparable instruments, identical instruments in less active markets, or models using market observable inputs. The majority of our derivative instruments are valued using pricing models that take into account the contract terms as well as multiple inputs where applicable, such as equity prices, interest rate yield curves, option volatility and currency rates. We did not have any transfers of financial instruments between valuation levels during 2016 or 2015.

Cash and cash equivalents are short-term, highly liquid investments with original or remaining maturities of three months or less when purchased and are primarily comprised of bank deposits, certificates of deposit and commercial paper.

In addition, we had cost and equity method investments of approximately $118 million and $124 million included in long-term investments on our consolidated balance sheet as of December 31, 2016 and 2015, respectively.

Our derivative instruments vary in duration depending on contract type. Our foreign exchange derivative contracts are primarily short-term in nature, generally one month to one year in duration. Certain foreign currency contracts designated as cash flow hedges may have a duration of up to 18 months. The duration of our interest rate derivative contracts match the duration of the fixed rate notes due 2019, 2021 and 2024.

Other financial instruments, including accounts receivable and accounts payable are carried at cost, which approximates their fair value because of the short-term nature of these instruments.