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Summary of Significant Accounting Policies Discussion (Details) (USD $)
In Millions, unless otherwise specified
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2014
Dec. 31, 2013
Dec. 31, 2012
Summary of Significant Accounting Policies Discussion (Textuals) [Abstract]      
Period considered to treat short-term, highly liquid investments as cash equivalents three months or less    
Other-than-temporary impairment losses on marketable securities $ 4.7us-gaap_MarketableSecuritiesRealizedGainLossOtherThanTemporaryImpairmentsAmount $ 21.5us-gaap_MarketableSecuritiesRealizedGainLossOtherThanTemporaryImpairmentsAmount $ 35.5us-gaap_MarketableSecuritiesRealizedGainLossOtherThanTemporaryImpairmentsAmount
Other-than-temporary impairment losses on equity and cost method investments 0us-gaap_ImpairmentOfInvestments 43.2us-gaap_ImpairmentOfInvestments 39.4us-gaap_ImpairmentOfInvestments
Recognition of tax benefits from uncertain tax positions greater than fifty percent likelihood of being realized upon ultimate settlement    
Restructuring charges for voluntary and involuntary workforce reductions 15.7us-gaap_RestructuringCharges 11.9us-gaap_RestructuringCharges  
Asset impairment charges related to long-lived assets 149.7us-gaap_TangibleAssetImpairmentCharges 463.6us-gaap_TangibleAssetImpairmentCharges 833.6us-gaap_TangibleAssetImpairmentCharges
Foreign currency remeasurement (loss) gains (1.3)btu_ForeignCurrencyRemeasurementGainsLosses 34.1btu_ForeignCurrencyRemeasurementGainsLosses 4.8btu_ForeignCurrencyRemeasurementGainsLosses
Foreign currency translation adjustment $ (41.0)us-gaap_OtherComprehensiveIncomeForeignCurrencyTransactionAndTranslationGainLossArisingDuringPeriodNetOfTax $ (92.7)us-gaap_OtherComprehensiveIncomeForeignCurrencyTransactionAndTranslationGainLossArisingDuringPeriodNetOfTax $ 19.1us-gaap_OtherComprehensiveIncomeForeignCurrencyTransactionAndTranslationGainLossArisingDuringPeriodNetOfTax
Leasehold improvements [Member]      
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]      
Estimated useful life Shorter of Useful Life or Remaining Life of Lease    
Interest In Middlemount Coal Pty Limited [Member]      
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]      
Ownership percentage of equity method investment 50.00%us-gaap_EquityMethodInvestmentOwnershipPercentage
/ us-gaap_ScheduleOfEquityMethodInvestmentEquityMethodInvesteeNameAxis
= btu_InterestInMiddlemountCoalPtyLimitedMember
   
Minimum [Member] | Buildings and improvements [Member]      
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]      
Estimated useful life 1    
Minimum [Member] | Machinery and equipment [Member]      
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]      
Estimated useful life 1    
Maximum [Member] | Buildings and improvements [Member]      
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]      
Estimated useful life 37    
Maximum [Member] | Machinery and equipment [Member]      
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]      
Estimated useful life 37