Derivatives and Fair Value Measurements

Risk Management — Non-Coal Trading Activities

The Company is exposed to various types of risk in the normal course of business, including foreign currency exchange rate risk for non-U.S. dollar expenditures and balances, price risk on commodities utilized in the Company's mining operations and interest rate risk on long-term debt. The Company manages commodity price risk (excluding coal trading activities) related to the sale of coal, in part, through the use of long-term, fixed-price contracts, rather than through the use of derivative instruments. In order to manage its exposure related to price risk on certain commodities used in production, as well as for foreign currency exchange rate and interest rate risk, the Company utilizes derivative financial instruments. These risks are actively monitored in an effort to ensure compliance with the risk management policies of the Company.

Foreign Currency Hedges. The Company is exposed to foreign currency exchange rate risk, primarily on Australian dollar expenditures made in its Australian Mining segment. This risk is managed through the use of forward contracts and options that the Company designates as cash flow hedges, with the objective of reducing the variability of cash flows associated with forecasted foreign currency expenditures.

Diesel Fuel and Explosives Hedges. The Company is exposed to commodity price risk associated with diesel fuel and explosives utilized in production in the U.S. and Australia. This risk is managed through the use of derivatives, primarily swaps, and to a lesser extent through the use of cost pass-through contracts. The Company generally designates the swap contracts as cash flow hedges, with the objective of reducing the variability of cash flows associated with forecasted diesel fuel and explosives purchases.

Interest Rate Swaps. The Company is exposed to interest rate risk on its fixed rate and variable rate long-term debt. From time to time, the Company manages the interest rate risk associated with the fair value of its fixed rate borrowings using fixed-to-floating interest rate swaps to effectively convert a portion of the underlying cash flows on the debt into variable rate cash flows. The Company designates these swaps as fair value hedges, with the objective of hedging against adverse changes in the fair value of the fixed rate debt that result from market interest rate changes. In addition, from time to time, interest rate risk associated with the Company’s variable rate borrowings is managed using floating-to-fixed interest rate swaps. The Company designates these swaps as cash flow hedges, with the objective of reducing the variability of cash flows associated with market interest rate changes. As of September 30, 2013, the Company had no interest rate swaps in place.

Notional Amounts and Fair Value. The following summarizes the Company’s foreign currency and commodity positions at September 30, 2013:



	Notional Amount by Year of Maturity
	Total		2013		2014		2015		2016		2017
Foreign Currency
A$:US$ hedge contracts (A$ millions)	$	5,643.8	$	511.2	$	2,032.5	$	1,631.1	$	982.0	$	487.0
Commodity Contracts
Diesel fuel hedge contracts (million gallons)	198.1		25.2		91.9		58.4		22.6		—
U.S. explosives hedge contracts (million MMBtu)	1.7		0.5		1.2		—		—		—



	Account Classification by
	Cash Flow Hedge		Fair Value Hedge		Economic Hedge		Fair Value of Net Liability
							(Dollars in millions)
Foreign Currency
A$:US$ hedge contracts (A$ millions)	$	5,643.8	$	—	$	—	$	(272.4	)
Commodity Contracts
Diesel fuel hedge contracts (million gallons)	198.1		—		—		(8.9		)
U.S. explosives hedge contracts (million MMBtu)	1.7		—		—		(2.4		)

Based on the net fair value of the Company’s non-coal trading commodity contract hedge positions held in “Accumulated other comprehensive (loss) income” at September 30, 2013, unrealized net losses expected to be reclassified from comprehensive income to earnings over the next 12 months associated with the Company’s diesel fuel and explosives hedge programs are each approximately $3 million. Based on net unrealized losses associated with the Company's foreign currency hedge contract portfolio and realized gains related to foreign currency cash flow hedge contracts monetized in the fourth quarter of 2012 held in "Accumulated other comprehensive (loss) income" at September 30, 2013, the net gain expected to be reclassified from comprehensive income to earnings over the next twelve months associated with that hedge program is approximately $3 million. As these realized and unrealized gains and losses are associated with derivative instruments that represent hedges of forecasted transactions, the amounts reclassified to earnings will partially offset the effect of the realized underlying transactions.

Hedge Ineffectiveness. The Company assesses, both at inception and at least quarterly thereafter, whether the derivatives used in hedging activities are highly effective at offsetting the changes in the anticipated cash flows of the hedged item. The effective portion of the change in the fair value is recorded in “Accumulated other comprehensive (loss) income” until the hedged transaction impacts reported earnings, at which time any gain or loss is reclassified to earnings. To the extent that periodic changes in the fair value of derivatives deemed highly effective exceeds such changes in the hedged item, the ineffective portion of the periodic non-cash changes are recorded in earnings in the period of the change. If the hedge ceases to qualify for hedge accounting, the Company prospectively recognizes changes in the fair value of the instrument in earnings in the period of the change.

A measure of ineffectiveness is inherent in hedging future diesel fuel purchases with derivative positions based on refined petroleum products as a result of location and/or product differences. Transportation surcharges, which may vary over time, for purchased diesel fuel in certain regions can also result in ineffectiveness, though such surcharges have historically changed infrequently and comprise a small portion of the total cost of delivered diesel.

The Company’s derivative positions for the hedging of future explosives purchases are based on natural gas, which is the primary price component of explosives. However, a small measure of ineffectiveness exists as the contractual purchase price includes manufacturing fees that are subject to periodic adjustments. In addition, other fees, such as storage and transportation surcharges, can result in ineffectiveness, but have historically changed infrequently and comprise a small portion of the total explosives cost.

The Company’s derivative positions for the hedging of forecasted foreign currency expenditures contain a small measure of ineffectiveness due to timing differences between the hedge settlement and the purchase transaction, which could differ by less than a day and up to a maximum of 30 days.

The tables below show the classification and amounts of pre-tax gains and losses related to the Company’s non-coal trading hedges during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2013 and 2012:



		Three Months Ended September 30, 2013
Financial Instrument	Income Statement Classification Gains (Losses) - Realized	Gain recognized in income on non-designated derivatives		Gain recognized in other comprehensive income on derivatives (effective portion)		Gain reclassified from other comprehensive income into income (effective portion)		Gain reclassified from other comprehensive income into income (ineffective portion)
		(Dollars in millions)
Commodity swap contracts	Operating costs and expenses	$	—	$	15.8	$	4.3	$	0.2
Foreign currency forward contracts	Operating costs and expenses	—		51.7		9.9		—
Total		$	—	$	67.5	$	14.2	$	0.2

		Three Months Ended September 30, 2012
Financial Instrument	Income Statement Classification Gains (Losses) - Realized	Gain recognized in income on non-designated derivatives		Gain recognized in other comprehensive income on derivatives (effective portion)		Gain reclassified from other comprehensive income into income (effective portion)		Gain reclassified from other comprehensive income into income (ineffective portion)
		(Dollars in millions)
Commodity swap contracts	Operating costs and expenses	$	—	$	49.6	$	11.2	$	2.2
Foreign currency forward contracts	Operating costs and expenses	—		169.2		82.0		—
Total		$	—	$	218.8	$	93.2	$	2.2



		Nine Months Ended September 30, 2013
Financial Instrument	Income Statement Classification Gains (Losses) - Realized	Gain recognized in income on non-designated derivatives		Loss recognized in other comprehensive income on derivatives (effective portion)			Gain reclassified from other comprehensive income into income (effective portion)		Gain reclassified from other comprehensive income into income (ineffective portion)
		(Dollars in millions)
Commodity swap contracts	Operating costs and expenses	$	—	$	(3.3	)	$	11.5	$	0.5
Foreign currency forward contracts	Operating costs and expenses	—		(402.2		)	157.1		—
Total		$	—	$	(405.5	)	$	168.6	$	0.5

		Nine Months Ended September 30, 2012
Financial Instrument	Income Statement Classification Gains (Losses) - Realized	Gain recognized in income on non-designated derivatives		Gain recognized in other comprehensive income on derivatives (effective portion)			Gain reclassified from other comprehensive income into income (effective portion)		Loss reclassified from other comprehensive income into income (ineffective portion)
		(Dollars in millions)
Commodity swap contracts	Operating costs and expenses	$	—	$	28.7		$	39.0	$	(2.3	)
Foreign currency forward contracts	Operating costs and expenses	—		297.5			276.6		—
Total		$	—	$	326.2		$	315.6	$	(2.3	)

The Company classifies the cash effects of its non-coal trading derivatives within the "Cash Flows From Operating Activities" section of the unaudited condensed consolidated statements of cash flows during the period of settlement for those instruments.

Offsetting and Balance Sheet Presentation

The classification and amount of non-coal trading derivative financial instruments presented on a gross and net basis as of September 30, 2013 and December 31, 2012 are presented in the tables that follow.



	Fair Value of Assets as of September 30, 2013
Financial Instrument	Gross Amounts of Recognized Assets		Gross Amounts Offset in the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet			Net Amounts of Assets Presented in the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet		Derivatives Not Offset in the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet⁽¹⁾			Net Amount
	(Dollars in millions)
Current Assets:
Commodity swap contracts	$	4.2	$	(2.7	)	$	1.5	n.a.			n.a.
Foreign currency forward contracts	22.5		(22.5		)	—		n.a.			n.a.
Total	$	26.7	$	(25.2	)	$	1.5	$	(1.5	)	$	—

Noncurrent Assets:
Commodity swap contracts	$	0.8	$	(0.7	)	$	0.1	n.a.			n.a.
Foreign currency forward contracts	9.9		(9.9		)	—		n.a.			n.a.
Total	$	10.7	$	(10.6	)	$	0.1	$	(0.1	)	$	—


⁽¹⁾	Adjustments relate to the further netting of derivative contracts with a common counterparty across the Company's foreign currency, diesel fuel and explosives hedging strategy derivative contract portfolios that would be contractually enforceable in the event of default.



	Fair Value of Liabilities as of September 30, 2013
Financial Instrument	Gross Amounts of Recognized Liabilities		Gross Amounts Offset in the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet			Net Amounts of Liabilities Presented in the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet		Derivatives Not Offset in the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet⁽¹⁾			Net Amount
	(Dollars in millions)
Current Liabilities:
Commodity swap contracts	$	9.6	$	(2.2	)	$	7.4	n.a.			n.a.
Foreign currency forward contracts	125.1		(21.1		)	104.0		n.a.			n.a.
Total	$	134.7	$	(23.3	)	$	111.4	$	(2.7	)	$	108.7

Noncurrent Liabilities:
Commodity swap contracts	$	6.7	$	(1.2	)	$	5.5	n.a.			n.a.
Foreign currency forward contracts	179.7		(11.3		)	168.4		n.a.			n.a.
Total	$	186.4	$	(12.5	)	$	173.9	$	1.1		$	175.0


⁽¹⁾	Adjustments relate to the further netting of derivative contracts with a common counterparty across the Company's foreign currency, diesel fuel and explosives hedging strategy derivative contract portfolios that would be contractually enforceable in the event of default.



	Fair Value of Assets as of December 31, 2012
Financial Instrument	Gross Amounts of Recognized Assets		Gross Amounts Offset in the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet			Net Amounts of Assets Presented in the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet		Derivatives Not Offset in the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet⁽¹⁾			Net Amount
	(Dollars in millions)
Current Assets:
Commodity swap contracts	$	18.3	$	(3.8	)	$	14.5	n.a.			n.a.
Foreign currency forward contracts	260.1		—			260.1		n.a.			n.a.
Total	$	278.4	$	(3.8	)	$	274.6	$	(8.0	)	$	266.6

Noncurrent Assets:
Commodity swap contracts	$	2.5	$	(1.4	)	$	1.1	n.a.			n.a.
Foreign currency forward contracts	27.6		(0.8		)	26.8		n.a.			n.a.
Total	$	30.1	$	(2.2	)	$	27.9	$	(3.4	)	$	24.5


⁽¹⁾	Adjustments relate to the further netting of derivative contracts with a common counterparty across the Company's foreign currency, diesel fuel and explosives hedging strategy derivative contract portfolios that would be contractually enforceable in the event of default.



	Fair Value of Liabilities as of December 31, 2012
Financial Instrument	Gross Amounts of Recognized Liabilities		Gross Amounts Offset in the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet			Net Amounts of Liabilities Presented in the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet		Derivatives Not Offset in the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet⁽¹⁾			Net Amount
	(Dollars in millions)
Current Liabilities:
Commodity swap contracts	$	8.5	$	(2.8	)	$	5.7	n.a.			n.a.
Foreign currency forward contracts	—		—			—		n.a.			n.a.
Total	$	8.5	$	(2.8	)	$	5.7	$	(5.7	)	$	—

Noncurrent Liabilities:
Commodity swap contracts	$	8.3	$	(2.4	)	$	5.9	n.a.			n.a.
Foreign currency forward contracts	0.8		(0.8		)	—		n.a.			n.a.
Total	$	9.1	$	(3.2	)	$	5.9	$	(5.7	)	$	0.2


⁽¹⁾	Adjustments relate to the further netting of derivative contracts with a common counterparty across the Company's foreign currency, diesel fuel and explosives hedging strategy derivative contract portfolios that would be contractually enforceable in the event of default.

See Note 7. "Coal Trading" for information on balance sheet offsetting related to the Company’s coal trading activities.

Fair Value Measurements

The Company uses a three-level fair value hierarchy that categorizes assets and liabilities measured at fair value based on the observability of the inputs utilized in the valuation. These levels include: Level 1 - inputs are quoted prices in active markets for the identical assets or liabilities; Level 2 - inputs are other than quoted prices included in Level 1 that are directly or indirectly observable through market-corroborated inputs; and Level 3 - inputs are unobservable, or observable but cannot be market-corroborated, requiring the Company to make assumptions about pricing by market participants.

Financial Instruments Measured on a Recurring Basis. The following tables set forth the hierarchy of the Company’s net financial asset (liability) positions for which fair value is measured on a recurring basis:



	September 30, 2013
	Level 1		Level 2			Level 3		Total
	(Dollars in millions)
Investments in debt and equity securities	$	51.2	$	11.5		$	—	$	62.7
Commodity swap contracts	—		(11.3		)	—		(11.3		)
Foreign currency forward contracts	—		(272.4		)	—		(272.4		)
Total net financial assets (liabilities)	$	51.2	$	(272.2	)	$	—	$	(221.0	)



	December 31, 2012
	Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Total
	(Dollars in millions)
Investments in debt and equity securities	$	75.4	$	13.0	$	—	$	88.4
Commodity swap contracts	—		4.0		—		4.0
Foreign currency forward contracts	—		286.9		—		286.9
Total net financial assets	$	75.4	$	303.9	$	—	$	379.3

For Level 1 and 2 financial assets and liabilities, the Company utilizes both direct and indirect observable price quotes, including interest rate yield curves, exchange indices, broker quotes, published indices and other market quotes. Below is a summary of the Company’s valuation techniques for Level 1 and 2 financial assets and liabilities:


•	Investments in debt and equity securities: corporate bonds and U.S. government treasury instruments and marketable equity securities are valued based on quoted prices in active markets (Level 1) and U.S. government agency securities are valued based on derived prices in active markets (Level 2).


•	Commodity swap contracts — diesel fuel and explosives: valued based on a valuation that is corroborated by the use of market-based pricing (Level 2).


•	Foreign currency forward and option contracts: valued utilizing inputs obtained in quoted public markets (Level 2).

The Company did not have any transfers between levels during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2013 or 2012 for its non-coal trading positions. The Company’s policy is to value transfers between levels using the beginning of period valuation.

Other Financial Instruments. The following methods and assumptions were used by the Company in estimating fair values for other financial instruments as of September 30, 2013 and December 31, 2012:


•	Cash and cash equivalents, accounts receivable, including those within the Company’s accounts receivable securitization program, notes receivable and accounts payable have carrying values which approximate fair value due to the short maturity or the liquid nature of these instruments.


•	Held-to-maturity investments in time deposits denominated in Chinese Renminbi of $4.8 million held as of December 31, 2012 had carrying values based on amortized cost which approximated fair value due to the short maturity of the investments. Those time deposits matured during the nine months ended September 30, 2013.


•	Long-term debt fair value estimates are based on observed prices for securities with an active trading market when available (Level 2), and otherwise on estimated borrowing rates to discount the cash flows to their present value (Level 3).

The carrying amounts and estimated fair values of the Company’s long-term debt are summarized as follows:



	September 30, 2013				December 31, 2012
	Carrying Amount		Estimated Fair Value		Carrying Amount		Estimated Fair Value
	(Dollars in millions)
Long-term debt	$	6,007.5	$	5,966.2	$	6,252.9	$	6,583.9

Nonperformance and Credit Risk

The fair value of the Company’s non-coal trading derivative assets and liabilities reflects adjustments for nonperformance and credit risk. The Company manages its counterparty risk through established credit standards, diversification of counterparties, utilization of investment grade commercial banks, adherence to established tenor limits based on counterparty creditworthiness and continuous monitoring of that creditworthiness. To reduce its credit exposure for these hedging activities, the Company seeks to enter into netting agreements with counterparties that permit the Company to offset asset and liability positions with such counterparties in the event of default.