10-Q

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-Q

QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE

SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the quarterly period ended September 30, 2019

SIMON PROPERTY GROUP, INC.

SIMON PROPERTY GROUP, L.P.

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

Delaware (Simon Property Group, Inc.) Delaware (Simon Property Group, L.P.) (State of incorporation or organization)	001-14469 (Simon Property Group, Inc.) 001-36110 (Simon Property Group, L.P.) (Commission File No.)	04-6268599 (Simon Property Group, Inc.) 34-1755769 (Simon Property Group, L.P.) (I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)
225 West Washington Street Indianapolis, Indiana 46204 (Address of principal executive offices)
(317) 636-1600 (Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

	Title of each class	Trading Symbols	Name of each exchange on which registered
Simon Property Group, Inc.	Common stock, $0.0001 par value	SPG	New York Stock Exchange
Simon Property Group, Inc.	83/8% Series J Cumulative Redeemable Preferred Stock, $0.0001 par value	SPGJ	New York Stock Exchange
Simon Property Group, L.P.	2.375% Senior Unsecured Notes due 2020	SPG/20	New York Stock Exchange

Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the Registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.

Simon Property Group, Inc. Yes ⌧ No ◻ Simon Property Group, L.P. Yes ⌧ No ◻

Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the Registrant was required to submit such files).

Simon Property Group, Inc. Yes ⌧ No ◻ Simon Property Group, L.P. Yes ⌧ No ◻

Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act:

Simon Property Group, Inc.:
Large accelerated filer ⌧	Accelerated filer ◻	Non-accelerated filer ◻	Smaller reporting company ◻
			Emerging growth company ◻
Simon Property Group, L.P.:
Large accelerated filer ◻	Accelerated filer ◻	Non-accelerated filer ⌧	Smaller reporting company ◻
			Emerging growth company ◻

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the Registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act.  

Simon Property Group, Inc. ◻ Simon Property Group, L.P. ◻

Indicate by check mark whether Registrant is a shell company (as defined by Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). 

Simon Property Group, Inc. Yes ◻ No ⌧ Simon Property Group, L.P. Yes ◻ No ⌧

As of September 30, 2019, Simon Property Group, Inc. had 306,860,960 shares of common stock, par value $0.0001 per share, and 8,000 shares of Class B common stock, par value $0.0001 per share, outstanding. Simon Property Group, L.P. has no common stock outstanding.

EXPLANATORY NOTE

This report combines the quarterly reports on Form 10-Q for the quarterly period ended September 30, 2019 of Simon Property Group, Inc., a Delaware corporation, and Simon Property Group, L.P., a Delaware limited partnership. Unless stated otherwise or the context otherwise requires, references to “Simon” mean Simon Property Group, Inc. and references to the “Operating Partnership” mean Simon Property Group, L.P. References to “we,” “us” and “our” mean collectively Simon, the Operating Partnership and those entities/subsidiaries owned or controlled by Simon and/or the Operating Partnership.

Simon is a real estate investment trust, or REIT, under the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended, or the Internal Revenue Code. We are structured as an umbrella partnership REIT under which substantially all of our business is conducted through the Operating Partnership, Simon’s majority-owned partnership subsidiary, for which Simon is the general partner. As of September 30, 2019, Simon owned an approximate 86.8% ownership interest in the Operating Partnership, with the remaining 13.2% ownership interest owned by limited partners. As the sole general partner of the Operating Partnership, Simon has exclusive control of the Operating Partnership’s day-to-day management.

We operate Simon and the Operating Partnership as one business. The management of Simon consists of the same members as the management of the Operating Partnership. As general partner with control of the Operating Partnership, Simon consolidates the Operating Partnership for financial reporting purposes, and Simon has no material assets or liabilities other than its investment in the Operating Partnership. Therefore, the assets and liabilities of Simon and the Operating Partnership are the same on their respective financial statements.

We believe that combining the quarterly reports on Form 10-Q of Simon and the Operating Partnership into this single report provides the following benefits:

● enhances investors’ understanding of Simon and the Operating Partnership by enabling investors to view the business as a whole in the same manner as management views and operates the business;

● eliminates duplicative disclosure and provides a more streamlined presentation since substantially all of the disclosure in this report applies to both Simon and the Operating Partnership; and

● creates time and cost efficiencies through the preparation of one combined report instead of two separate reports.

We believe it is important for investors to understand the few differences between Simon and the Operating Partnership in the context of how we operate as a consolidated company. The primary difference is that Simon itself does not conduct business, other than acting as the general partner of the Operating Partnership and issuing equity or equity-related instruments from time to time. In addition, Simon itself does not incur any indebtedness, as all debt is incurred by the Operating Partnership or entities/subsidiaries owned or controlled by the Operating Partnership.

The Operating Partnership holds, directly or indirectly, substantially all of our assets, including our ownership interests in our joint ventures. The Operating Partnership conducts substantially all of our business and is structured as a partnership with no publicly traded equity. Except for the net proceeds from equity issuances by Simon, which are contributed to the capital of the Operating Partnership in exchange for, in the case of common stock issuances by Simon, common units of partnership interest in the Operating Partnership, or units, or, in the case of preferred stock issuances by Simon, preferred units of partnership interest in the Operating Partnership, or preferred units, the Operating Partnership, directly or indirectly, generates the capital required by our business through its operations, the incurrence of indebtedness, proceeds received from the disposition of certain properties and joint ventures and the issuance of units or preferred units to third parties.

The presentation of stockholders’ equity, partners’ equity and noncontrolling interests are the main areas of difference between the consolidated financial statements of Simon and those of the Operating Partnership. The differences between stockholders’ equity and partners’ equity result from differences in the equity issued at the Simon and Operating Partnership levels. The units held by limited partners in the Operating Partnership are accounted for as partners’ equity in the Operating Partnership’s financial statements and as noncontrolling interests in Simon’s financial statements. The noncontrolling interests in the Operating Partnership’s financial statements include the interests of unaffiliated partners in various consolidated partnerships. The noncontrolling interests in Simon’s financial statements include the same noncontrolling interests at the Operating Partnership level and, as previously stated, the units held by limited partners of the Operating Partnership. Although classified differently, total equity of Simon and the Operating Partnership is the same.

To help investors understand the differences between Simon and the Operating Partnership, this report provides:

● separate consolidated financial statements for Simon and the Operating Partnership;

● a single set of condensed notes to such consolidated financial statements that includes separate discussions of noncontrolling interests and stockholders’ equity or partners’ equity, accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) and per share and per unit data, as applicable;

2

● a combined Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations section that also includes discrete information related to each entity; and

● separate Part II, Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds sections related to each entity.

This report also includes separate Part I, Item 4. Controls and Procedures sections and separate Exhibits 31 and 32 certifications for each of Simon and the Operating Partnership in order to establish that the requisite certifications have been made and that Simon and the Operating Partnership are each compliant with Rule 13a-14(a) or Rule 15d-14(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 and 18 U.S.C. §1350. The separate discussions of Simon and the Operating Partnership in this report should be read in conjunction with each other to understand our results on a consolidated basis and how management operates our business.

In order to highlight the differences between Simon and the Operating Partnership, the separate sections in this report for Simon and the Operating Partnership specifically refer to Simon and the Operating Partnership. In the sections that combine disclosure of Simon and the Operating Partnership, this report refers to actions or holdings of Simon and the Operating Partnership as being “our” actions or holdings. Although the Operating Partnership is generally the entity that directly or indirectly enters into contracts and joint ventures, holds assets and incurs debt, we believe that references to “we,” “us” or “our” in this context is appropriate because the business is one enterprise and we operate substantially all of our business through the Operating Partnership.

3

Simon Property Group, Inc.

Simon Property Group, L.P.

Form 10-Q

INDEX

			Page
Part I — Financial Information
	Item 1.	Consolidated Financial Statements of Simon Property Group, Inc. (Unaudited)
		Consolidated Balance Sheets as of September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018	5
		Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Income for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018	6
		Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018	7
		Consolidated Statements of Equity at September 30, 2019 and 2018	8
		Consolidated Financial Statements of Simon Property Group, L.P. (Unaudited)
		Consolidated Balance Sheets as of September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018	10
		Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Income for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018	11
		Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018	12
		Consolidated Statements of Equity at September 30, 2019 and 2018	13
		Condensed Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements	15
	Item 2.	Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations	35
	Item 3.	Qualitative and Quantitative Disclosures About Market Risk	48
	Item 4.	Controls and Procedures	48
Part II — Other Information
	Item 1.	Legal Proceedings	49
	Item 1A.	Risk Factors	49
	Item 2.	Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds	49
	Item 3.	Defaults Upon Senior Securities	50
	Item 4.	Mine Safety Disclosures	50
	Item 5.	Other Information	50
	Item 6.	Exhibits	51
Signatures			52

4

Simon Property Group, Inc.

Unaudited Consolidated Balance Sheets

(Dollars in thousands, except share amounts)

	September 30,		December 31,
	2019		2018
ASSETS:
Investment properties, at cost	$	37,590,061	$	37,092,670
Less - accumulated depreciation		13,707,832		12,884,539
		23,882,229		24,208,131
Cash and cash equivalents		3,647,230		514,335
Tenant receivables and accrued revenue, net		775,617		763,815
Investment in unconsolidated entities, at equity		2,121,558		2,220,414
Investment in Klépierre, at equity		1,614,109		1,769,488
Deferred costs and other assets		1,803,483		1,210,040
Total assets	$	33,844,226	$	30,686,223
LIABILITIES:
Mortgages and unsecured indebtedness	$	26,643,879	$	23,305,535
Accounts payable, accrued expenses, intangibles, and deferred revenues		1,324,110		1,316,861
Cash distributions and losses in unconsolidated entities, at equity		1,568,150		1,536,111
Other liabilities		1,001,048		500,597
Total liabilities		30,537,187		26,659,104
Commitments and contingencies
Limited partners’ preferred interest in the Operating Partnership and noncontrolling redeemable interests in properties		226,887		230,163
EQUITY:
Stockholders’ Equity
Capital stock (850,000,000 total shares authorized, $0.0001 par value, 238,000,000 shares of excess common stock, 100,000,000 authorized shares of preferred stock):
Series J 83/8% cumulative redeemable preferred stock, 1,000,000 shares authorized, 796,948 issued and outstanding with a liquidation value of $39,847		42,502		42,748
Common stock, $0.0001 par value, 511,990,000 shares authorized, 320,435,256 and 320,411,571 issued and outstanding, respectively		32		32
Class B common stock, $0.0001 par value, 10,000 shares authorized, 8,000 issued and outstanding		—		—
Capital in excess of par value		9,748,255		9,700,418
Accumulated deficit		(5,223,093)		(4,893,069)
Accumulated other comprehensive loss		(121,596)		(126,017)
Common stock held in treasury, at cost, 13,574,296 and 11,402,103 shares, respectively		(1,773,571)		(1,427,431)
Total stockholders’ equity		2,672,529		3,296,681
Noncontrolling interests		407,623		500,275
Total equity		3,080,152		3,796,956
Total liabilities and equity	$	33,844,226	$	30,686,223

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these statements.

5

Simon Property Group, Inc.

Unaudited Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Income

(Dollars in thousands, except per share amounts)

	For the Three Months Ended				For the Nine Months Ended
	September 30,				September 30,
	2019		2018		2019		2018
REVENUE:
Lease income	$	1,308,908	$	1,284,674	$	3,887,532	$	3,811,265
Management fees and other revenues		27,976		28,784		83,768		85,506
Other income		79,670		90,563		295,274		286,491
Total revenue		1,416,554		1,404,021		4,266,574		4,183,262
EXPENSES:
Property operating		121,735		119,021		339,404		335,420
Depreciation and amortization		334,944		316,175		1,016,193		953,309
Real estate taxes		118,031		119,315		349,404		344,950
Repairs and maintenance		23,979		23,632		73,752		73,507
Advertising and promotion		36,583		36,688		109,128		107,979
Home and regional office costs		45,865		32,714		144,892		106,093
General and administrative		8,032		12,172		27,528		35,713
Other		22,083		21,461		75,318		70,505
Total operating expenses		711,252		681,178		2,135,619		2,027,476
OPERATING INCOME BEFORE OTHER ITEMS		705,302		722,843		2,130,955		2,155,786
Interest expense		(202,382)		(199,469)		(599,541)		(611,585)
Income and other taxes		(6,197)		(10,118)		(23,309)		(26,475)
Income from unconsolidated entities		119,706		134,408		316,691		325,263
Unrealized gains (losses) in fair value of equity instruments		2,154		(5,452)		(4,846)		1,212
Gain on sale or disposal of, or recovery on, assets and interests in unconsolidated entities and impairment, net		10,141		-		12,822		144,949
CONSOLIDATED NET INCOME		628,724		642,212		1,832,772		1,989,150
Net income attributable to noncontrolling interests		83,636		85,111		242,216		262,722
Preferred dividends		834		834		2,503		2,503
NET INCOME ATTRIBUTABLE TO COMMON STOCKHOLDERS	$	544,254	$	556,267	$	1,588,053	$	1,723,925
BASIC AND DILUTED EARNINGS PER COMMON SHARE:
Net income attributable to common stockholders	$	1.77	$	1.80	$	5.15	$	5.57
Consolidated Net Income	$	628,724	$	642,212	$	1,832,772	$	1,989,150
Unrealized gain on derivative hedge agreements		12,907		5,241		15,227		20,355
Net loss reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive loss into earnings		1,087		1,591		3,261		5,929
Currency translation adjustments		(6,288)		(10,763)		(14,656)		(35,797)
Changes in available-for-sale securities and other		468		(22)		1,151		(88)
Comprehensive income		636,898		638,259		1,837,755		1,979,549
Comprehensive income attributable to noncontrolling interests		84,662		84,466		242,778		261,260
Comprehensive income attributable to common stockholders	$	552,236	$	553,793	$	1,594,977	$	1,718,289

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these statements.

6

Simon Property Group, Inc.

Unaudited Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows

(Dollars in thousands)

	For the Nine Months Ended
	September 30,
	2019		2018
CASH FLOWS FROM OPERATING ACTIVITIES:
Consolidated Net Income	$	1,832,772	$	1,989,150
Adjustments to reconcile consolidated net income to net cash provided by operating activities
Depreciation and amortization		1,055,107		1,009,671
Gain on sale or disposal of, or recovery on, assets and interests in unconsolidated entities and impairment, net		(12,822)		(144,949)
Unrealized losses (gains) in fair value of equity instruments		4,846		(1,212)
Gain on interest in unconsolidated entity (Note 6)		—		(35,621)
Straight-line lease income		(49,680)		(14,923)
Equity in income of unconsolidated entities		(316,691)		(325,263)
Distributions of income from unconsolidated entities		334,625		289,411
Changes in assets and liabilities
Tenant receivables and accrued revenue, net		25,720		27,668
Deferred costs and other assets		(33,340)		(74,922)
Accounts payable, accrued expenses, intangibles, deferred revenues and other liabilities		7,659		32,156
Net cash provided by operating activities		2,848,196		2,751,166
CASH FLOWS FROM INVESTING ACTIVITIES:
Acquisitions		(12,800)		—
Funding of loans to related parties		—		(4,641)
Capital expenditures, net		(622,687)		(585,957)
Cash impact from the consolidation of properties		1,045		11,276
Net proceeds from sale of assets		6,776		—
Investments in unconsolidated entities		(42,353)		(51,883)
Purchase of marketable and non-marketable securities		(134,372)		(23,273)
Insurance proceeds for property restoration		3,787		16,160
Distributions of capital from unconsolidated entities and other		214,541		428,862
Net cash used in investing activities		(586,063)		(209,456)
CASH FLOWS FROM FINANCING ACTIVITIES:
Proceeds from sales of common stock and other, net of transaction costs		(246)		(247)
Purchase of shares related to stock grant recipients' tax withholdings		(2,955)		(2,911)
Redemption of limited partner units		(4,549)		(7,619)
Purchase of treasury stock		(359,773)		(307,296)
Distributions to noncontrolling interest holders in properties		(5,931)		(11,524)
Contributions from noncontrolling interest holders in properties		106		161
Preferred distributions of the Operating Partnership		(1,436)		(1,436)
Distributions to stockholders and preferred dividends		(1,913,666)		(1,829,610)
Distributions to limited partners		(290,262)		(276,530)
Proceeds from issuance of debt, net of transaction costs		10,893,698		5,895,653
Repayments of debt		(7,444,224)		(6,786,942)
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities		870,762		(3,328,301)
INCREASE (DECREASE) IN CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS		3,132,895		(786,591)
CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS, beginning of period		514,335		1,482,309
CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS, end of period	$	3,647,230	$	695,718

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these statements.

7

Simon Property Group, Inc.

Unaudited Consolidated Statements of Equity

(Dollars in thousands)

					Accumulated						Common
					Other		Capital in				Stock
	Preferred		Common		Comprehensive		Excess of		Accumulated		Held in		Noncontrolling		Total
	Stock		Stock		Income (Loss)		Par Value		Deficit		Treasury		interests		Equity
January 1, 2019	$	42,748	$	32	$	(126,017)	$	9,700,418	$	(4,893,069)	$	(1,427,431)	$	500,275	$	3,796,956
Exchange of limited partner units (24,000 common shares, note 8)								253						(253)		—
Series J preferred stock premium amortization		(82)														(82)
Redemption of limited partner units (774 units)								(127)						(8)		(135)
Amortization of stock incentive								1,309								1,309
Treasury stock purchase (46,377 shares)												(7,628)				(7,628)
Long-term incentive performance units														3,701		3,701
Issuance of unit equivalents and other (1,483 common shares repurchased)								1		(1,507)		(250)		(2)		(1,758)
Unrealized gain (loss) on derivative hedge agreements						8,115								1,227		9,342
Net loss reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive loss into earnings						945								143		1,088
Currency translation adjustments						(4,130)								(614)		(4,744)
Changes in available-for-sale securities and other						125								19		144
Other comprehensive income						5,055								775		5,830
Adjustment to limited partners’ interest from change in ownership in the Operating Partnership								4,167						(4,167)		—
Distributions to common stockholders and limited partners, excluding Operating Partnership preferred interests										(634,222)				(96,010)		(730,232)
Distributions to other noncontrolling interest partners														(552)		(552)
Net income, excluding $479 attributable to preferred interests in the Operating Partnership and a $1,065 loss attributable to noncontrolling redeemable interests in properties										549,309				83,224		632,533
March 31, 2019	$	42,666	$	32	$	(120,962)	$	9,706,021	$	(4,979,489)	$	(1,435,309)	$	486,983	$	3,699,942
Series J preferred stock premium amortization		(82)														(82)
Stock incentive program (89,368 common shares, net)								(16,340)				16,340				—
Amortization of stock incentive								5,098								5,098
Treasury stock purchase (1,046,580 shares)												(173,630)				(173,630)
Long-term incentive performance units														7,721		7,721
Issuance of unit equivalents and other (14,853 common shares repurchased)								11		(5,265)		(2,706)		70		(7,890)
Unrealized gain (loss) on derivative hedge agreements						(6,113)								(909)		(7,022)
Net loss reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive loss into earnings						942								144		1,086
Currency translation adjustments						(3,078)								(545)		(3,623)
Changes in available-for-sale securities and other						468								71		539
Other comprehensive income						(7,781)								(1,239)		(9,020)
Adjustment to limited partners’ interest from change in ownership in the Operating Partnership								28,588						(28,588)		—
Distributions to common stockholders and limited partners, excluding Operating Partnership preferred interests										(633,686)				(95,977)		(729,663)
Distributions to other noncontrolling interest partners														(455)		(455)
Net income, excluding $478 attributable to preferred interests in the Operating Partnership and a $28 loss attributable to noncontrolling redeemable interests in properties										496,159				75,492		571,651
June 30, 2019	$	42,584	$	32	$	(128,743)	$	9,723,378	$	(5,122,281)	$	(1,595,305)	$	444,007	$	3,363,672
Series J preferred stock premium amortization		(82)														(82)
Stock incentive program (1,534 common shares, net)								(249)				249				—
Redemption of limited partner units (27,214 units)								(4,160)						(254)		(4,414)
Amortization of stock incentive								3,042								3,042
Treasury stock purchase (1,154,117 shares)												(178,515)				(178,515)
Long-term incentive performance units														4,664		4,664
Issuance of unit equivalents and other								7		(143)				35		(101)
Unrealized gain (loss) on derivative hedge agreements						11,186								1,721		12,907
Net loss reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive loss into earnings						943								144		1,087
Currency translation adjustments						(5,388)								(901)		(6,289)
Changes in available-for-sale securities and other						406								62		468
Other comprehensive income						7,147								1,026		8,173
Adjustment to limited partners’ interest from change in ownership in the Operating Partnership								26,237						(26,237)		—
Distributions to common stockholders and limited partners, excluding Operating Partnership preferred interests										(645,757)				(98,275)		(744,032)
Distributions to other noncontrolling interest partners														(495)		(495)
Net income, excluding $479 attributable to preferred interests in the Operating Partnership and $5 attributable to noncontrolling redeemable interests in properties										545,088				83,152		628,240
September 30, 2019	$	42,502	$	32	$	(121,596)	$	9,748,255	$	(5,223,093)	$	(1,773,571)	$	407,623	$	3,080,152

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these statements.

8

Simon Property Group, Inc.

Unaudited Consolidated Statements of Equity

(Dollars in thousands)

					Accumulated						Common
					Other		Capital in				Stock
	Preferred		Common		Comprehensive		Excess of		Accumulated		Held in		Noncontrolling		Total
	Stock		Stock		Income (Loss)		Par Value		Deficit		Treasury		interests		Equity
January 1, 2018	$	43,077	$	32	$	(110,453)	$	9,614,748	$	(4,782,173)	$	(1,079,063)	$	552,596	$	4,238,764
Exchange of limited partner units (6,000 common shares, note 8)								70						(70)		—
Series J preferred stock premium amortization		(83)														(83)
Stock incentive program (236 common shares, net)								(37)				37				—
Redemption of limited partner units (40,503 units)								(5,793)						(474)		(6,267)
Amortization of stock incentive								2,060								2,060
Treasury stock purchase (1,473,588 shares)												(227,901)				(227,901)
Long-term incentive performance units														8,307		8,307
Cumulative effect of accounting change										7,264						7,264
Issuance of unit equivalents and other (1,608 common shares repurchased)								3		(14,935)		(276)		24		(15,184)
Unrealized gain (loss) on derivative hedge agreements						(5,342)								(804)		(6,146)
Net loss reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive loss into earnings						1,870								283		2,153
Currency translation adjustments						11,429								1,663		13,092
Changes in available-for-sale securities and other						(251)								(38)		(289)
Other comprehensive income						7,706								1,104		8,810
Adjustment to limited partners’ interest from change in ownership in the Operating Partnership								36,221						(36,221)		—
Distributions to common stockholders and limited partners, excluding Operating Partnership preferred interests										(606,086)				(91,523)		(697,609)
Distributions to other noncontrolling interest partners														(489)		(489)
Net income, excluding $479 attributable to preferred interests in the Operating Partnership and a $619 loss attributable to noncontrolling redeemable interests in properties										621,488				94,176		715,664
March 31, 2018	$	42,994	$	32	$	(102,747)	$	9,647,272	$	(4,774,442)	$	(1,307,203)	$	527,430	$	4,033,336
Series J preferred stock premium amortization		(82)														(82)
Stock incentive program (51,520 common shares, net)								(8,614)				8,614				—
Redemption of limited partner units (8,716 units)								(1,254)						(98)		(1,352)
Amortization of stock incentive								3,912								3,912
Treasury stock purchase (514,659 shares)												(79,395)				(79,395)
Long-term incentive performance units														7,462		7,462
Issuance of unit equivalents and other (17,072 common shares repurchased)								(2)		(3,141)		(2,635)		90		(5,688)
Unrealized gain (loss) on derivative hedge agreements						18,462								2,797		21,259
Net loss reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive loss into earnings						1,898								288		2,186
Currency translation adjustments						(33,092)								(5,034)		(38,126)
Changes in available-for-sale securities and other						194								29		223
Other comprehensive income						(12,538)								(1,920)		(14,458)
Adjustment to limited partners’ interest from change in ownership in the Operating Partnership								16,496						(16,496)		—
Distributions to common stockholders and limited partners, excluding Operating Partnership preferred interests										(604,082)				(91,426)		(695,508)
Distributions to other noncontrolling interest partners														(475)		(475)
Net income, excluding $478 attributable to preferred interests in the Operating Partnership and $60 attributable to noncontrolling redeemable interests in properties										547,839				83,037		630,876
June 30, 2018	$	42,912	$	32	$	(115,285)	$	9,657,810	$	(4,833,826)	$	(1,380,619)	$	507,604	$	3,878,628
Exchange of limited partner units (86,732 common shares, Note 10)								934						(934)		—
Issuance of limited partner units (475,183 units)														84,103		84,103
Series J preferred stock premium amortization		(82)														(82)
Amortization of stock incentive								2,987								2,987
Long-term incentive performance units														7,885		7,885
Issuance of unit equivalents and other								(1)		(587)				47		(541)
Unrealized gain (loss) on derivative hedge agreements						4,525								716		5,241
Net loss reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive loss into earnings						1,376								215		1,591
Currency translation adjustments						(9,190)								(1,573)		(10,763)
Changes in available-for-sale securities and other						(19)								(3)		(22)
Other comprehensive income						(3,308)								(645)		(3,953)
Adjustment to limited partners’ interest from change in ownership in the Operating Partnership								74,990						(74,990)		—
Distributions to common stockholders and limited partners, excluding Operating Partnership preferred interests										(619,442)				(93,581)		(713,023)
Distributions to other noncontrolling interest partners														(56)		(56)
Net income, excluding $479 attributable to preferred interests in the Operating Partnership and $180 attributable to noncontrolling redeemable interests in properties										557,101				84,452		641,553
September 30, 2018	$	42,830	$	32	$	(118,593)	$	9,736,720	$	(4,896,754)	$	(1,380,619)	$	513,885	$	3,897,501

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these statements.

9

Simon Property Group, L.P.

Unaudited Consolidated Balance Sheets

(Dollars in thousands, except unit amounts)

	September 30,		December 31,
	2019		2018
ASSETS:
Investment properties, at cost	$	37,590,061	$	37,092,670
Less — accumulated depreciation		13,707,832		12,884,539
		23,882,229		24,208,131
Cash and cash equivalents		3,647,230		514,335
Tenant receivables and accrued revenue, net		775,617		763,815
Investment in unconsolidated entities, at equity		2,121,558		2,220,414
Investment in Klépierre, at equity		1,614,109		1,769,488
Deferred costs and other assets		1,803,483		1,210,040
Total assets	$	33,844,226	$	30,686,223
LIABILITIES:
Mortgages and unsecured indebtedness	$	26,643,879	$	23,305,535
Accounts payable, accrued expenses, intangibles, and deferred revenues		1,324,110		1,316,861
Cash distributions and losses in unconsolidated entities, at equity		1,568,150		1,536,111
Other liabilities		1,001,048		500,597
Total liabilities		30,537,187		26,659,104
Commitments and contingencies
Preferred units, various series, at liquidation value, and noncontrolling redeemable interests in properties		226,887		230,163
EQUITY:
Partners’ Equity
Preferred units, 796,948 units outstanding. Liquidation value of $39,847		42,502		42,748
General Partner, 306,868,960 and 309,017,468 units outstanding, respectively		2,630,027		3,253,933
Limited Partners, 46,755,384 and 46,807,372 units outstanding, respectively		400,716		492,877
Total partners’ equity		3,073,245		3,789,558
Nonredeemable noncontrolling interests in properties, net		6,907		7,398
Total equity		3,080,152		3,796,956
Total liabilities and equity	$	33,844,226	$	30,686,223

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these statements.

10

Simon Property Group, L.P.

Unaudited Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Income

(Dollars in thousands, except per unit amounts)

	For the Three Months Ended				For the Nine Months Ended
	September 30,				September 30,
	2019		2018		2019		2018
REVENUE:
Lease income	$	1,308,908	$	1,284,674	$	3,887,532	$	3,811,265
Management fees and other revenues		27,976		28,784		83,768		85,506
Other income		79,670		90,563		295,274		286,491
Total revenue		1,416,554		1,404,021		4,266,574		4,183,262
EXPENSES:
Property operating		121,735		119,021		339,404		335,420
Depreciation and amortization		334,944		316,175		1,016,193		953,309
Real estate taxes		118,031		119,315		349,404		344,950
Repairs and maintenance		23,979		23,632		73,752		73,507
Advertising and promotion		36,583		36,688		109,128		107,979
Home and regional office costs		45,865		32,714		144,892		106,093
General and administrative		8,032		12,172		27,528		35,713
Other		22,083		21,461		75,318		70,505
Total operating expenses		711,252		681,178		2,135,619		2,027,476
OPERATING INCOME BEFORE OTHER ITEMS		705,302		722,843		2,130,955		2,155,786
Interest expense		(202,382)		(199,469)		(599,541)		(611,585)
Income and other taxes		(6,197)		(10,118)		(23,309)		(26,475)
Income from unconsolidated entities		119,706		134,408		316,691		325,263
Unrealized gains (losses) in fair value of equity instruments		2,154		(5,452)		(4,846)		1,212
Gain on sale or disposal of, or recovery on, assets and interests in unconsolidated entities and impairment, net		10,141		-		12,822		144,949
CONSOLIDATED NET INCOME		628,724		642,212		1,832,772		1,989,150
Net income (loss) attributable to noncontrolling interests		337		497		(181)		684
Preferred unit requirements		1,313		1,313		3,939		3,939
NET INCOME ATTRIBUTABLE TO UNITHOLDERS	$	627,074	$	640,402	$	1,829,014	$	1,984,527
NET INCOME ATTRIBUTABLE TO UNITHOLDERS ATTRIBUTABLE TO:
General Partner	$	544,254		556,267	$	1,588,053	$	1,723,925
Limited Partners		82,820		84,135		240,961		260,602
Net income attributable to unitholders	$	627,074	$	640,402	$	1,829,014	$	1,984,527
BASIC AND DILUTED EARNINGS PER UNIT:
Net income attributable to unitholders	$	1.77	$	1.80	$	5.15	$	5.57
Consolidated Net Income	$	628,724	$	642,212	$	1,832,772	$	1,989,150
Unrealized gain on derivative hedge agreements		12,907		5,241		15,227		20,355
Net loss reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive loss into earnings		1,087		1,591		3,261		5,929
Currency translation adjustments		(6,288)		(10,763)		(14,656)		(35,797)
Changes in available-for-sale securities and other		468		(22)		1,151		(88)
Comprehensive income		636,898		638,259		1,837,755		1,979,549
Comprehensive income attributable to noncontrolling interests		333		318		907		1,063
Comprehensive income attributable to unitholders	$	636,565	$	637,941	$	1,836,848	$	1,978,486

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these statements.

11

Simon Property Group, L.P.

Unaudited Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows

(Dollars in thousands)

	For the Nine Months Ended
	September 30,
	2019		2018
CASH FLOWS FROM OPERATING ACTIVITIES:
Consolidated Net Income	$	1,832,772	$	1,989,150
Adjustments to reconcile consolidated net income to net cash provided by operating activities
Depreciation and amortization		1,055,107		1,009,671
Gain on sale or disposal of, or recovery on, assets and interests in unconsolidated entities and impairment, net		(12,822)		(144,949)
Unrealized losses (gains) in fair value of equity instruments		4,846		(1,212)
Gain on interest in unconsolidated entity (Note 6)		—		(35,621)
Straight-line lease income		(49,680)		(14,923)
Equity in income of unconsolidated entities		(316,691)		(325,263)
Distributions of income from unconsolidated entities		334,625		289,411
Changes in assets and liabilities
Tenant receivables and accrued revenue, net		25,720		27,668
Deferred costs and other assets		(33,340)		(74,922)
Accounts payable, accrued expenses, intangibles, deferred revenues and other liabilities		7,659		32,156
Net cash provided by operating activities		2,848,196		2,751,166
CASH FLOWS FROM INVESTING ACTIVITIES:
Acquisitions		(12,800)		—
Funding of loans to related parties		—		(4,641)
Capital expenditures, net		(622,687)		(585,957)
Cash impact from the consolidation of properties		1,045		11,276
Net proceeds from sale of assets		6,776		—
Investments in unconsolidated entities		(42,353)		(51,883)
Purchase of marketable and non-marketable securities		(134,372)		(23,273)
Insurance proceeds for property restoration		3,787		16,160
Distributions of capital from unconsolidated entities and other		214,541		428,862
Net cash used in investing activities		(586,063)		(209,456)
CASH FLOWS FROM FINANCING ACTIVITIES:
Issuance of units and other		(246)		(247)
Purchase of units related to stock grant recipients' tax withholdings		(2,955)		(2,911)
Redemption of limited partner units		(4,549)		(7,619)
Purchase of general partner units		(359,773)		(307,296)
Distributions to noncontrolling interest holders in properties		(5,931)		(11,524)
Contributions from noncontrolling interest holders in properties		106		161
Partnership distributions		(2,205,364)		(2,107,576)
Mortgage and unsecured indebtedness proceeds, net of transaction costs		10,893,698		5,895,653
Mortgage and unsecured indebtedness principal payments		(7,444,224)		(6,786,942)
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities		870,762		(3,328,301)
INCREASE (DECREASE) IN CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS		3,132,895		(786,591)
CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS, beginning of period		514,335		1,482,309
CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS, end of period	$	3,647,230	$	695,718

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these statements.

12

Simon Property Group, L.P.

Unaudited Consolidated Statements of Equity

(Dollars in thousands)

	Preferred		Simon (Managing		Limited		Noncontrolling		Total
	Units		General Partner)		Partners		interests		Equity
January 1, 2019	$	42,748	$	3,253,933	$	492,877	$	7,398	$	3,796,956
Series J preferred stock premium and amortization		(82)								(82)
Limited partner units exchanged to common units (24,000 units)				253		(253)				—
Amortization of stock incentive				1,309						1,309
Redemption of limited partner units (774 units)				(127)		(8)				(135)
Treasury unit purchase (46,377 units)				(7,628)						(7,628)
Long-term incentive performance units						3,701				3,701
Issuance of unit equivalents and other (1,483 common units)				(1,756)		(2)				(1,758)
Adjustment to limited partners’ interest from change in ownership in the Operating Partnership				4,167		(4,167)				—
Distributions to limited partners, excluding preferred interests classified as temporary equity		(834)		(633,388)		(96,010)		(552)		(730,784)
Unrealized gain (loss) on derivative hedge agreements				8,115		1,227				9,342
Net loss reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive loss into earnings				945		143				1,088
Currency translation adjustments				(4,130)		(614)				(4,744)
Changes in available-for-sale securities and other				125		19				144
Other comprehensive income				5,055		775				5,830
Net income, excluding preferred distributions on temporary equity preferred units of $479 and a $1,065 loss attributable to noncontrolling redeemable interests in properties		834		548,475		83,076		148		632,533
March 31, 2019	$	42,666	$	3,170,293	$	479,989	$	6,994	$	3,699,942
Series J preferred stock premium and amortization		(82)								(82)
Stock incentive program (89,368 common units, net)				—						—
Amortization of stock incentive				5,098						5,098
Treasury unit purchase (1,046,580 units)				(173,630)						(173,630)
Long-term incentive performance units						7,721				7,721
Issuance of unit equivalents and other (14,853 units)				(7,960)		1		69		(7,890)
Adjustment to limited partners’ interest from change in ownership in the Operating Partnership				28,588		(28,588)				—
Distributions to limited partners, excluding preferred interests classified as temporary equity		(835)		(632,851)		(95,977)		(455)		(730,118)
Unrealized gain (loss) on derivative hedge agreements				(6,113)		(909)				(7,022)
Net loss reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive loss into earnings				942		144				1,086
Currency translation adjustments				(3,078)		(545)				(3,623)
Changes in available-for-sale securities and other				468		71				539
Other comprehensive income				(7,781)		(1,239)				(9,020)
Net income, excluding preferred distributions on temporary equity preferred units of $478 and a $28 loss attributable to noncontrolling redeemable interests in properties		835		495,324		75,066		426		571,651
June 30, 2019	$	42,584	$	2,877,081	$	436,973	$	7,034	$	3,363,672
Series J preferred stock premium and amortization		(82)								(82)
Stock incentive program (1,534 common units, net)				—						—
Amortization of stock incentive				3,042						3,042
Redemption of limited partner units (27,214 units)				(4,160)		(254)				(4,414)
Treasury unit purchase (1,154,117 units)				(178,515)						(178,515)
Long-term incentive performance units						4,664				4,664
Issuance of unit equivalents and other				(136)				35		(101)
Adjustment to limited partners’ interest from change in ownership in the Operating Partnership				26,237		(26,237)				—
Distributions to limited partners, excluding preferred interests classified as temporary equity		(834)		(644,923)		(98,275)		(495)		(744,527)
Unrealized gain (loss) on derivative hedge agreements				11,186		1,721				12,907
Net loss reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive loss into earnings				943		144				1,087
Currency translation adjustments				(5,388)		(901)				(6,289)
Changes in available-for-sale securities and other				406		62				468
Other comprehensive income				7,147		1,026				8,173
Net income, excluding preferred distributions on temporary equity preferred units of $479 and $5 attributable to noncontrolling redeemable interests in properties		834		544,254		82,819		333		628,240
September 30, 2019	$	42,502	$	2,630,027	$	400,716	$	6,907	$	3,080,152

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these statements.

13

Simon Property Group, L.P.

Unaudited Consolidated Statements of Equity

(Dollars in thousands)

	Preferred		Simon (Managing		Limited		Noncontrolling		Total
	Units		General Partner)		Partners		interests		Equity
January 1, 2018	$	43,077	$	3,643,091	$	548,858	$	3,738	$	4,238,764
Series J preferred stock premium and amortization		(83)								(83)
Limited partner units exchanged to common units (6,000 units)				70		(70)				—
Stock incentive program (236 common units, net)				—						—
Amortization of stock incentive				2,060						2,060
Redemption of limited partner units (40,503 units)				(5,793)		(474)				(6,267)
Treasury unit purchase (1,473,588 units)				(227,901)						(227,901)
Long-term incentive performance units						8,307				8,307
Cumulative effect of accounting change				7,264						7,264
Issuance of unit equivalents and other (1,608 common units)				(15,208)				24		(15,184)
Adjustment to limited partners’ interest from change in ownership in the Operating Partnership				36,221		(36,221)				—
Distributions to limited partners, excluding preferred interests classified as temporary equity		(834)		(605,252)		(91,523)		(489)		(698,098)
Unrealized gain (loss) on derivative hedge agreements				(5,342)		(804)				(6,146)
Net loss reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive loss into earnings				1,870		283				2,153
Currency translation adjustments				11,429		1,663				13,092
Changes in available-for-sale securities and other				(251)		(38)				(289)
Other comprehensive income				7,706		1,104				8,810
Net income, excluding preferred distributions on temporary equity preferred units of $479 and a $619 loss attributable to noncontrolling redeemable interests in properties		834		620,654		93,649		527		715,664
March 31, 2018	$	42,994	$	3,462,912	$	523,630	$	3,800	$	4,033,336
Series J preferred stock premium and amortization		(82)								(82)
Stock incentive program (51,520 common units, net)				—						—
Amortization of stock incentive				3,912						3,912
Redemption of limited partner units (8,716 units)				(1,254)		(98)				(1,352)
Treasury unit purchase (514,659 units)				(79,395)						(79,395)
Long-term incentive performance units						7,462				7,462
Issuance of unit equivalents and other (17,072 common units)				(5,778)		1		89		(5,688)
Adjustment to limited partners’ interest from change in ownership in the Operating Partnership				16,496		(16,496)				—
Distributions to limited partners, excluding preferred interests classified as temporary equity		(835)		(603,247)		(91,426)		(475)		(695,983)
Unrealized gain (loss) on derivative hedge agreements				18,462		2,797				21,259
Net loss reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive loss into earnings				1,898		288				2,186
Currency translation adjustments				(33,092)		(5,034)				(38,126)
Changes in available-for-sale securities and other				194		29				223
Other comprehensive income				(12,538)		(1,920)				(14,458)
Net income, excluding preferred distributions on temporary equity preferred units of $478 and $60 attributable to noncontrolling redeemable interests in properties		835		547,004		82,819		218		630,876
June 30, 2018	$	42,912	$	3,328,112	$	503,972	$	3,632	$	3,878,628
Issuance of limited partner units (475,183 units)						84,103				84,103
Series J preferred stock premium and amortization		(82)								(82)
Limited partner units exchanged to common units (86,732 units)				934		(934)				—
Amortization of stock incentive				2,987						2,987
Long-term incentive performance units						7,885				7,885
Issuance of unit equivalents and other				(588)		(1)		48		(541)
Adjustment to limited partners’ interest from change in ownership in the Operating Partnership				74,990		(74,990)				—
Distributions to limited partners, excluding preferred interests classified as temporary equity		(834)		(618,608)		(93,581)		(56)		(713,079)
Unrealized gain (loss) on derivative hedge agreements				4,525		716				5,241
Net loss reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive loss into earnings				1,376		215				1,591
Currency translation adjustments				(9,190)		(1,573)				(10,763)
Changes in available-for-sale securities and other				(19)		(3)				(22)
Other comprehensive income				(3,308)		(645)				(3,953)
Net income, excluding preferred distributions on temporary equity preferred units of $479 and $180 attributable to noncontrolling redeemable interests in properties		834		556,267		84,134		318		641,553
September 30, 2018	$	42,830	$	3,340,786	$	509,943	$	3,942	$	3,897,501

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these statements.

14

Simon Property Group, Inc.
Simon Property Group, L.P.
Condensed Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
(Unaudited)
(Dollars in thousands, except share, per share, unit and per unit amounts
and where indicated in millions or billions)

1. Organization

Simon Property Group, Inc. is a Delaware corporation that operates as a self-administered and self-managed real estate investment trust, or REIT, under the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended, or the Internal Revenue Code. REITs will generally not be liable for U.S. federal corporate income taxes as long as they distribute not less than 100% of their REIT taxable income.  Simon Property Group, L.P. is our majority-owned Delaware partnership subsidiary that owns all of our real estate properties and other assets.  According to the Operating Partnership’s partnership agreement, the Operating Partnership is required to pay all expenses of Simon.  In these condensed notes to the consolidated financial statements, unless stated otherwise or the context otherwise requires, references to "Simon" mean Simon Property Group, Inc. and references to the "Operating Partnership" mean Simon Property Group, L.P.  References to "we," "us" and "our" mean collectively Simon, the Operating Partnership and those entities/subsidiaries owned or controlled by Simon and/or the Operating Partnership.  Unless otherwise indicated, these condensed notes to consolidated financial statements apply to both Simon and the Operating Partnership.

We own, develop and manage premier shopping, dining, entertainment and mixed-use destinations, which consist primarily of malls, Premium Outlets^®, and The Mills^®. As of September 30, 2019, we owned or held an interest in 204 income-producing properties in the United States, which consisted of 106 malls, 69 Premium Outlets, 14 Mills, four lifestyle centers, and 11 other retail properties in 37 states and Puerto Rico. Internationally, as of September 30, 2019, we had ownership in 29 Premium Outlets and Designer Outlet properties primarily located in Asia, Europe, and Canada. As of September 30, 2019, we also owned a 21.9% equity stake in Klépierre SA, or Klépierre, a publicly traded, Paris-based real estate company which owns, or has an interest in, shopping centers located in 16 countries in Europe.

2. Basis of Presentation

The accompanying unaudited consolidated financial statements include the accounts of all controlled subsidiaries, and all significant intercompany amounts have been eliminated. Due to the seasonal nature of certain operational activities, the results for the interim periods ended September 30, 2019 are not necessarily indicative of the results to be expected for the full year.

These consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with the instructions to Form 10-Q and include all of the information and disclosures required by accounting principles generally accepted in the United States (GAAP) for interim reporting. Accordingly, they do not include all of the disclosures required by GAAP for complete financial statements. In the opinion of management, all adjustments necessary for a fair presentation (including normal recurring accruals) have been included. The consolidated financial statements in this Form 10-Q should be read in conjunction with the audited consolidated financial statements and related notes contained in the combined 2018 Annual Report on Form 10-K of Simon and the Operating Partnership. Certain reclassifications considered necessary for a fair presentation have been made to the prior period financial statements in order to conform to the current year presentation. These reclassifications have not changed the results of operations.

As of September 30, 2019, we consolidated 133 wholly-owned properties and 18 additional properties that are less than wholly-owned, but which we control or for which we are the primary beneficiary. We account for the remaining 82 properties, or the joint venture properties, as well as our investments in Klépierre, Aéropostale, Authentic Brands Group, LLC, or ABG, and HBS Global Properties, or HBS, using the equity method of accounting, as we have determined we have significant influence over their operations. We manage the day-to-day operations of 57 of the 82 joint venture properties, but have determined that our partner or partners have substantive participating rights with respect to the assets and operations of these joint venture properties. Our investments in joint ventures in Japan, South Korea, Mexico, Malaysia, Germany, Canada, and the United Kingdom comprise 21 of the remaining 25 properties. These international properties are managed by joint ventures in which we share control.

Preferred distributions of the Operating Partnership are accrued at declaration and represent distributions on outstanding preferred units of partnership interests, or preferred units, and are included in net income attributable to noncontrolling interests. We allocate net operating results of the Operating Partnership after preferred distributions to limited partners and to Simon based on the partners’ respective weighted average ownership interests in the Operating Partnership.  Net operating results of the Operating Partnership attributable to limited partners are reflected in net income attributable to noncontrolling interests. Simon’s weighted average ownership interest in the Operating Partnership was 86.8% and 86.9% for the nine months ended September

15

Simon Property Group, Inc.
Simon Property Group, L.P.
Condensed Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
(Unaudited)
(Dollars in thousands, except share, per share, unit and per unit amounts
and where indicated in millions or billions)

30, 2019 and 2018, respectively. As of September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018, Simon’s ownership interest in the Operating Partnership was 86.8%. We adjust the noncontrolling limited partners’ interests at the end of each period to reflect their interest in the net assets of the Operating Partnership.

Preferred unit requirements in the Operating Partnership’s accompanying consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income represent distributions on outstanding preferred units and are recorded when declared.

3. Significant Accounting Policies

Cash and Cash Equivalents

We consider all highly liquid investments purchased with an original maturity of 90 days or less to be cash and cash equivalents. Cash equivalents are carried at cost, which approximates fair value. Cash equivalents generally consist of commercial paper, bankers’ acceptances, Eurodollars, repurchase agreements, and money market deposits or securities. Financial instruments that potentially subject us to concentrations of credit risk include our cash and cash equivalents and our trade accounts receivable. We place our cash and cash equivalents with institutions of high credit quality. However, at certain times, such cash and cash equivalents are in excess of Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation and Securities Investor Protection Corporation insurance limits.

Equity Instruments and Debt Securities

Equity instruments and debt securities consist primarily of the debt securities of our captive insurance subsidiary, equity instruments, our deferred compensation plan investments, and certain investments held to fund the debt service requirements of debt previously secured by investment properties. At September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018, we had equity instruments with readily determinable fair values of $75.6 million and $78.1 million, respectively.  Effective January 1, 2018, changes in fair value of these equity instruments are recorded in earnings. We recognized a cumulative effect adjustment of $7.3 million as of January 1, 2018 to reclassify unrealized gains previously reported in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) as a result of the adoption of Accounting Standards Update (ASU) 2016-01, “Financial Instruments – Overall: Recognition and Measurement of Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities.” Non-cash mark-to-market adjustments related to an investment we hold in units of a publicly traded real estate investment trust are included in unrealized gains (losses) in fair value of equity instruments in our consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income. Non-cash mark-to-market adjustments related to other securities with readily determinable fair values for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018 were not significant. At September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018, we had equity instruments without readily determinable fair values of $295.3 million and $175.7 million, respectively, for which we have elected the measurement alternative under this guidance.  We regularly evaluate these investments for any impairment in their estimated fair value, as well as any observable price changes for an identical or similar equity instrument of the same issuer, and determined that no material adjustment in the carrying value was required for the three or nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018.

Our deferred compensation plan equity instruments are valued based upon quoted market prices. The investments have a matching liability as the amounts are fully payable to the employees that earned the compensation. Changes in value of these securities and changes to the matching liability to employees are both recognized in earnings and, as a result, there is no impact to consolidated net income.

At September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018, we held debt securities of $50.9 million and $40.1 million, respectively, in our captive insurance subsidiary. The types of securities included in the investment portfolio of our captive insurance subsidiary are typically U.S. Treasury or other U.S. government securities as well as corporate debt securities with maturities ranging from less than one year to ten years. These securities are classified as available-for-sale and are valued based upon quoted market prices or other observable inputs when quoted market prices are not available. The amortized cost of debt securities, which approximates fair value, held by our captive insurance subsidiary is adjusted for amortization of premiums and accretion of discounts to maturity. Changes in the values of these securities are recognized in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) until the gain or loss is realized or until any unrealized loss is deemed to be other-than-temporary. We review any declines in value

16

Simon Property Group, Inc.
Simon Property Group, L.P.
Condensed Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
(Unaudited)
(Dollars in thousands, except share, per share, unit and per unit amounts
and where indicated in millions or billions)

of these securities for other-than-temporary impairment and consider the severity and duration of any decline in value. To the extent an other-than-temporary impairment is deemed to have occurred, an impairment is recorded and a new cost basis is established.

Our captive insurance subsidiary is required to maintain statutory minimum capital and surplus as well as maintain a minimum liquidity ratio. Therefore, our access to these securities may be limited.

Fair Value Measurements

Level 1 fair value inputs are quoted prices for identical items in active, liquid and visible markets such as stock exchanges.  Level 2 fair value inputs are observable information for similar items in active or inactive markets, and appropriately consider counterparty creditworthiness in the valuations.  Level 3 fair value inputs reflect our best estimate of inputs and assumptions market participants would use in pricing an asset or liability at the measurement date.  The inputs are unobservable in the market and significant to the valuation estimate.  We have no investments for which fair value is measured on a recurring basis using Level 3 inputs.

The equity instruments with readily determinable fair values we held at September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018 were primarily classified as having Level 1 and Level 2 fair value inputs. In addition, we had derivative instruments which were classified as having Level 2 inputs, which consist primarily of foreign currency forward contracts and interest rate swap agreements with a gross asset balance of $26.8 million and $10.9 million at September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018, respectively, and a gross liability balance of $6.0 million and $6.2 million at September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018, respectively.

Note 7 includes a discussion of the fair value of debt measured using Level 2 inputs.  Level 3 inputs to our purchase accounting and impairment analyses include our estimations of net operating results of the property, capitalization rates and discount rates.

Noncontrolling Interests

Simon

Details of the carrying amount of our noncontrolling interests are as follows:

	As of		As of
	September 30,		December 31,
	2019		2018
Limited partners’ interests in the Operating Partnership	$	400,716	$	492,877
Nonredeemable noncontrolling interests in properties, net		6,907		7,398
Total noncontrolling interests reflected in equity	$	407,623	$	500,275

Net income attributable to noncontrolling interests (which includes nonredeemable and redeemable noncontrolling interests in consolidated properties, limited partners’ interests in the Operating Partnership and preferred distributions payable by the Operating Partnership on its outstanding preferred units) is a component of consolidated net income. In addition, the individual components of other comprehensive income (loss) are presented in the aggregate for both controlling and noncontrolling interests, with the portion attributable to noncontrolling interests deducted from comprehensive income attributable to common stockholders.

The Operating Partnership

Our evaluation of the appropriateness of classifying the Operating Partnership’s common units of partnership interest, or units, held by Simon and the Operating Partnership's limited partners within permanent equity considered several significant factors. First, as a limited partnership, all decisions relating to the Operating Partnership’s operations and distributions are made by Simon, acting as the Operating Partnership’s sole general partner. The decisions of the general partner are made by Simon's

17

Simon Property Group, Inc.
Simon Property Group, L.P.
Condensed Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
(Unaudited)
(Dollars in thousands, except share, per share, unit and per unit amounts
and where indicated in millions or billions)

Board of Directors or management. The Operating Partnership has no other governance structure. Secondly, the sole asset of Simon is its interest in the Operating Partnership. As a result, a share of common stock of Simon, or common stock, if owned by the Operating Partnership, is best characterized as being similar to a treasury share and thus not an asset of the Operating Partnership.

Limited partners of the Operating Partnership have the right under the Operating Partnership’s partnership agreement to exchange their units for shares of common stock or cash, as selected by Simon as the sole general partner. Accordingly, we classify units held by limited partners in permanent equity because Simon may elect to issue shares of common stock to limited partners exercising their exchange rights rather than using cash. Under the Operating Partnership’s partnership agreement, the Operating Partnership is required to redeem units held by Simon only when Simon has repurchased shares of common stock. We classify units held by Simon in permanent equity because the decision to redeem those units would be made by Simon.

Net income attributable to noncontrolling interests (which includes nonredeemable and redeemable noncontrolling interests in consolidated properties) is a component of consolidated net income.

Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)

Simon

The reclassifications out of accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) consisted of the following during the three and nine months ended September 30:

	For the Three Months Ended				For the Nine Months Ended
	September 30,				September 30,				Affected line item where
	2019		2018		2019		2018		net income is presented
Accumulated derivative losses, net	$	(1,087)	$	(1,591)	$	(3,261)	$	(5,929)	Interest expense
		144		215		431		785	Net income attributable to noncontrolling interests
	$	(943)	$	(1,376)	$	(2,830)	$	(5,144)

The Operating Partnership

The reclassifications out of accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) consisted of the following during the three and nine months ended September 30:

	For the Three Months Ended				For the Nine Months Ended
	September 30,				September 30,				Affected line item where
	2019		2018		2019		2018		net income is presented
Accumulated derivative losses, net	$	(1,087)	$	(1,591)	$	(3,261)	$	(5,929)	Interest expense

18

Simon Property Group, Inc.
Simon Property Group, L.P.
Condensed Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
(Unaudited)
(Dollars in thousands, except share, per share, unit and per unit amounts
and where indicated in millions or billions)

Derivative Financial Instruments

We record all derivatives on our consolidated balance sheets at fair value. The accounting for changes in the fair value of derivatives depends on the intended use of the derivative, whether we have designated a derivative as a hedge and whether the hedging relationship has satisfied the criteria necessary to apply hedge accounting. We may use a variety of derivative financial instruments in the normal course of business to selectively manage or hedge a portion of the risks associated with our indebtedness and interest payments. Our objectives in using interest rate derivatives are to add stability to interest expense and to manage our exposure to interest rate movements. To accomplish this objective, we primarily use interest rate swaps and caps. We require that hedging derivative instruments be highly effective in reducing the risk exposure that they are designated to hedge. We formally designate any instrument that meets these hedging criteria as a hedge at the inception of the derivative contract.

As of September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018, we had no outstanding interest rate derivatives. We generally do not apply hedge accounting to interest rate caps, which had a nominal value as of September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018, respectively.

We are also exposed to fluctuations in foreign exchange rates on financial instruments which are denominated in foreign currencies, primarily in Yen and Euro. We use currency forward contracts, cross currency swap contracts and foreign currency denominated debt to manage our exposure to changes in foreign exchange rates on certain Yen and Euro-denominated receivables and net investments. Currency forward contracts involve fixing the Yen:USD or Euro:USD exchange rate for delivery of a specified amount of foreign currency on a specified date. The currency forward contracts are typically cash settled in U.S. dollars for their fair value at or close to their settlement date.

We had the following Euro:USD forward contracts designated as net investment hedges at September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018 (in millions):

			Asset (Liability) Value as of
			September 30,		December 31,
Notional Value		Maturity Date	2019		2018
€	50.0	May 15, 2019		—		(0.8)
€	375.0	October 2, 2019		(6.0)		—
€	100.0	December 18, 2019		1.0		—
€	100.0	December 18, 2019		1.0		—
€	100.0	December 18, 2019		1.0		—
€	50.0	May 15, 2020		2.7		(1.5)
€	50.0	May 14, 2021		2.4		(2.0)

Asset balances in the above table are included in deferred costs and other assets. Liability balances in the above table are included in other liabilities.

We use a Euro-denominated cross-currency swap agreement to manage our exposure to changes in foreign exchange rates by swapping $150.0 million of 4.38% fixed rate U.S. dollar-denominated debt to 1.37% fixed rate Euro-denominated debt of €121.6 million. The cross-currency swap matures on December 1, 2020. The fair value of our cross-currency swap agreement at September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018 was $18.7 million and $10.9 million, respectively, and is included in deferred costs and other assets.

We have designated certain currency forward contracts and the cross-currency swap as net investment hedges. Accordingly, we report the changes in fair value in other comprehensive income (loss). Changes in the value of these forward contracts are offset by changes in the underlying hedged Euro-denominated joint venture investment.

19

Simon Property Group, Inc.
Simon Property Group, L.P.
Condensed Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
(Unaudited)
(Dollars in thousands, except share, per share, unit and per unit amounts
and where indicated in millions or billions)

The total gross accumulated other comprehensive income related to the Operating Partnership’s derivative activities, including our share of the other comprehensive income from unconsolidated entities, approximated $56.4 million and $37.9 million as of September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018, respectively.

New Accounting Pronouncements

In February 2016, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) issued ASU 2016-02, "Leases," codified as Accounting Standards Codification (ASC) 842, which results in lessees recognizing most leased assets and corresponding lease liabilities on the balance sheet.  Lessor accounting remains substantially similar to the previous accounting; however, certain refinements were made to conform the standard with the recently issued revenue recognition guidance in ASU 2014-09, “Revenue From Contracts With Customers”, specifically related to the allocation and recognition of contract consideration earned from lease and non-lease revenue components. ASC 842 also limits the capitalization of leasing costs to initial direct costs, which, if applied in 2018, would have reduced our capitalized leasing costs and correspondingly increased expenses by approximately $45 million, of which $11.8 million and $34.1 million related to the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018, respectively.

Substantially all of our revenues and the revenues of our equity method investments are earned from arrangements that are within the scope of ASC 842. On July 30, 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-11, also codified as ASC 842, which created a practical expedient that provides lessors an option not to separate lease and non-lease components when certain criteria are met and instead account for those components as a single lease component.  We determined that our lease arrangements meet the criteria under the practical expedient to account for lease and non-lease components as a single lease component, which alleviates the requirement upon adoption of ASC 842 that we reallocate or separately present consideration from lease and non-lease components. On January 1, 2019, we began recognizing consideration received from fixed common area maintenance arrangements on a straight-line basis as this consideration is attributed to the lease component.  

We, as a lessor, retain substantially all of the risks and benefits of ownership of the investment properties and continue to account for our leases as operating leases. We accrue fixed lease income on a straight-line basis over the terms of the leases. Substantially all of our retail tenants are also required to pay overage rents based on sales over a stated base amount during the lease year. We recognize this variable lease consideration only when each tenant’s sales exceed the applicable sales threshold. We amortize any tenant inducements as a reduction of revenue utilizing the straight-line method over the term of the related lease or occupancy term of the tenant, if shorter.

We structure our leases to allow us to recover a significant portion of our property operating, real estate taxes, repairs and maintenance, and advertising and promotion expenses from our tenants. A substantial portion of our leases, other than those for anchor stores, require the tenant to reimburse us for a substantial portion of our operating expenses, including common area maintenance, or CAM, real estate taxes and insurance. This significantly reduces our exposure to increases in costs and operating expenses resulting from inflation or otherwise. Such property operating expenses typically include utility, insurance, security, janitorial, landscaping, food court and other administrative expenses. For substantially all of our leases in the U.S. mall portfolio, we receive a fixed payment from the tenant for the CAM component which is recognized as revenue on a straight-line basis over the term of the lease. When not reimbursed by the fixed-CAM component, CAM expense reimbursements are based on the tenant’s proportionate share of the allocable operating expenses and CAM capital expenditures for the property. We accrue reimbursements from tenants for recoverable portions of all of these expenses as variable lease consideration in the period the applicable expenditures are incurred. We recognize differences between estimated recoveries and the final billed amounts in the subsequent year. These differences were not material in any period presented. Our advertising and promotional costs are expensed as incurred.  Provisions for credit losses are recognized as a reduction of lease income.  Refer to note 9 for further disclosure of lease income.

20

Simon Property Group, Inc.
Simon Property Group, L.P.
Condensed Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
(Unaudited)
(Dollars in thousands, except share, per share, unit and per unit amounts
and where indicated in millions or billions)

Minimum fixed lease consideration under non-cancelable tenant operating leases for each of the next five years and thereafter, excluding variable lease consideration, for the years ending December 31, as of September 30, 2019, is as follows:

2019	$	3,706,042
2020		3,482,815
2021		3,104,755
2022		2,705,820
2023		2,238,693
Thereafter		6,157,395
	$	21,395,520

Further, ASC 842 requires recognition on our consolidated balance sheets of leases of land and other arrangements where we are the lessee. Upon adoption on January 1, 2019, we recognized a right of use asset and corresponding lease liability of $524.0 million representing the present value of future lease payments required under our lessee arrangements. We utilized lease terms ranging from 2019 to 2090 including periods for which exercising an extension option is reasonably assured, and discount rates from 3.97% to 5.52% when determining the present value of future lease payments. All of our existing lessee arrangements upon adoption continue to be classified as operating leases and the pattern of lease expense recognition will be unchanged. Refer to note 10 for further disclosure regarding ground leases recognized as a result of the adoption of ASC 842.

In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-13, "Financial Instruments - Credit Losses," which introduced new guidance for an approach based on expected losses to estimate credit losses on certain types of financial instruments. It also modifies the impairment model for available-for-sale debt securities and provides for a simplified accounting model for purchased financial assets with credit deterioration since their origination. Instruments in scope include loans, held-to-maturity debt securities, and net investments in leases as well as reinsurance and trade receivables. In November 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-19, which clarifies that operating lease receivables are outside the scope of the new standard. This standard will be effective for us in fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019. We are currently evaluating the impact that the adoption of the new standard will have on our consolidated financial statements.

4. Real Estate Acquisitions and Dispositions

Unless otherwise noted, gains and losses on property transactions are included in gain on sale or disposal of, or recovery on, assets and interests in unconsolidated entities and impairment, net in the accompanying consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income. We capitalize asset acquisition costs and expense costs related to business combinations, as well as disposition related costs as they are incurred. We incurred a minimal amount of transaction expenses during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018.

On September 19, 2019, we acquired the remaining 50% interest in a hotel adjacent to one of our properties for cash consideration of $12.8 million. The property is subject to a $21.5 million, 4.02% variable rate mortgage. We accounted for this transaction as an asset acquisition and substantially all of our investment relates to investment property.

On September 25, 2018, we acquired the remaining 50% interest in The Outlets at Orange from our joint venture partner. The Operating Partnership issued 475,183 units, or approximately $84.1 million, as consideration for the acquisition. The property is subject to a $215.0 million, 4.22% fixed rate mortgage. We accounted for this transaction as an asset acquisition and substantially all of our investment has been determined to relate to investment property.

During the first nine months of 2018, we recorded net gains of $144.9 million primarily related to our disposition activity which included the foreclosure of a consolidated property in satisfaction of its $200 million non-recourse mortgage.

5. Per Share and Per Unit Data

We determine basic earnings per share and basic earnings per unit based on the weighted average number of shares of common stock or units, as applicable, outstanding during the period and we consider any participating securities for purposes of

21

Simon Property Group, Inc.
Simon Property Group, L.P.
Condensed Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
(Unaudited)
(Dollars in thousands, except share, per share, unit and per unit amounts
and where indicated in millions or billions)

applying the two-class method. We determine diluted earnings per share and diluted earnings per unit based on the weighted average number of shares of common stock or units, as applicable, outstanding combined with the incremental weighted average number of shares or units, as applicable, that would have been outstanding assuming all potentially dilutive securities were converted into shares of common stock or units, as applicable, at the earliest date possible. The following tables set forth the components of basic and diluted earnings per share and basic and diluted earnings per unit.

Simon

	For the Three Months Ended September 30,				For the Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2019		2018		2019		2018
Net Income attributable to Common Stockholders — Basic and Diluted	$	544,254	$	556,267	$	1,588,053	$	1,723,925
Weighted Average Shares Outstanding — Basic and Diluted		307,275,230		309,294,045		308,314,456		309,739,557

For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019, potentially dilutive securities include units that are exchangeable for common stock and long-term incentive performance units, or LTIP units, granted under our long-term incentive performance programs that are convertible into units and exchangeable for common stock. No securities had a material dilutive effect for the three or nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018. We have not adjusted net income attributable to common stockholders and weighted average shares outstanding for income allocable to limited partners or units, respectively, as doing so would have no dilutive impact. We accrue dividends when they are declared.

The Operating Partnership

	For the Three Months Ended September 30,				For the Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2019		2018		2019		2018
Net Income attributable to Unitholders — Basic and Diluted	$	627,074	$	640,402	$	1,829,014	$	1,984,527
Weighted Average Units Outstanding — Basic and Diluted		354,038,110		356,073,080		355,096,211		356,562,262

For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019, potentially dilutive securities include LTIP units. No securities had a material dilutive effect for the three or nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018. We accrue distributions when they are declared.

6. Investment in Unconsolidated Entities and International Investments

Real Estate Joint Ventures and Investments

Joint ventures are common in the real estate industry. We use joint ventures to finance properties, develop new properties and diversify our risk in a particular property or portfolio of properties.  As discussed in note 2, we held joint venture interests in 82 properties as of September 30, 2019.

Certain of our joint venture properties are subject to various rights of first refusal, buy-sell provisions, put and call rights, or other sale or marketing rights for partners which are customary in real estate joint venture agreements and the industry. We and our partners in these joint ventures may initiate these provisions (subject to any applicable lock up or similar restrictions), which

22

Simon Property Group, Inc.
Simon Property Group, L.P.
Condensed Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
(Unaudited)
(Dollars in thousands, except share, per share, unit and per unit amounts
and where indicated in millions or billions)

may result in either the sale of our interest or the use of available cash or borrowings, or the use of limited partnership interests in the Operating Partnership, to acquire the joint venture interest from our partner.

We may provide financing to joint ventures primarily in the form of interest bearing construction loans. As of September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018, we had construction loans and other advances to related parties totaling $85.7 million and $85.8 million, respectively, which are included in deferred costs and other assets in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets.

Unconsolidated Entity Transactions

On October 16, 2019, we contributed approximately $276.8 million consisting of cash and the Shop Premium Outlets, or SPO, assets for a 45% noncontrolling interest in Rue Gilt Groupe, or RGG, to create a new multi-platform venture dedicated to digital value shopping.

On September 19, 2019, as discussed in note 4, we acquired the remaining 50% interest in a hotel adjacent to one of our properties from our joint venture partner. As a result of this acquisition, we now own 100% of this property.

During the first quarter of 2019, we disposed of our interests in a multi-family residential investment. Our share of the gross proceeds was $17.3 million. The gain of $15.6 million is included in other income in the accompanying consolidated statement of operations and comprehensive income.

On September 25, 2018, as discussed in note 4, we acquired the remaining 50% interest in The Outlets at Orange from our joint venture partner. The Operating Partnership issued 475,183 units at a price of $176.99 to acquire this remaining interest. As a result of this acquisition, we now own 100% of this property.

As of September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018, we had an 11.7% legal noncontrolling equity interest in HBS, a joint venture we formed with Hudson’s Bay Company.  Our share of net (loss) income, net of amortization of our excess investment, was ($5.2) million and $4.3 million for the three months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively, and ($13.3) million and $11.9 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively. Total revenues, operating income and consolidated net (loss) income of HBS were approximately $100.2 million, $13.8 million and ($23.9) million, respectively, for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 and $258.8 million, $162.2 million and $90.6 million, respectively, for the nine months ended September 30, 2018.

On June 7, 2018, Aventura Mall, a property in which we own a 33.3% interest, refinanced its $1.2 billion mortgage and its $200.8 million construction loan with a $1.75 billion mortgage at a fixed interest rate of 4.12% that matures on July 1, 2028.  An early repayment charge of $30.9 million was incurred at the property, which along with the write-off of deferred debt issuance costs of $6.5 million, is included in interest expense in the accompanying combined joint venture statements of operations.  Our $12.5 million share of the charge associated with the repayment is included in income from unconsolidated entities in the accompanying consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income.  Excess proceeds from the financing were distributed to the venture partners in June 2018.

In May 2017, Colorado Mills, a property in which we have a 37.5% interest, sustained significant hail damage.  During the second quarter of 2017, the property recorded an impairment charge of approximately $32.5 million based on the net carrying value of the assets damaged, which was fully offset by anticipated insurance recoveries.  As of September 30, 2019, the property had received business interruption proceeds and also property damage proceeds of $66.8 million. As of September 30, 2018, the property had received business interruption proceeds and property damage proceeds of $58.3 million, which resulted in the property recording a $25.8 million gain in 2018.  Our share of the gain, $9.7 million, is reflected within the gain on sale or disposal of, or recovery on, assets and interests in unconsolidated entities and impairment, net in the accompanying consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income.

On September 15, 2016, we and a group of co-investors acquired certain assets and liabilities of Aéropostale, a retailer of apparel and accessories, out of bankruptcy.  The interests were acquired through two separate joint ventures, a licensing venture and an operating venture.  In April 2018, we contributed our entire interest in the licensing venture in exchange for additional

23

Simon Property Group, Inc.
Simon Property Group, L.P.
Condensed Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
(Unaudited)
(Dollars in thousands, except share, per share, unit and per unit amounts
and where indicated in millions or billions)

interests in ABG, a brand development, marketing, and entertainment company.  As a result, we recognized a $35.6 million non-cash gain representing the increase in value of our previously held interest in the licensing venture, which is included in other income in the accompanying consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income.  At September 30, 2019, our noncontrolling equity method interests in the operations venture of Aéropostale and in ABG were 44.95% and 5.40%, respectively.

European Investments

At September 30, 2019, we owned 63,924,148 shares, or approximately 21.9%, of Klépierre, which had a quoted market price of $34.02 per share. Our share of net income, net of amortization of our excess investment, was $35.4 million and $22.4 million for the three months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively, and $74.4 million and $70.0 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively. Based on applicable Euro:USD exchange rates and after our conversion of Klépierre’s results to GAAP, Klépierre’s total revenues, operating income and consolidated net income were approximately $1.1 billion, $481.0 million and $415.9 million, respectively, for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 and $1.2 billion, $496.4 million and $485.8 million, respectively, for the nine months ended September 30, 2018.

During the nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, Klépierre completed the disposal of its interests in certain shopping centers.  In connection with these disposals, we recorded gains of $12.8 million and $13.4 million, respectively, representing our share of the gains recognized by Klépierre, which is included in gain on sale or disposal of, or recovery on, assets and interests in unconsolidated entities and impairment, net in the accompanying consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income.

We have an interest in a European investee that had interests in nine Designer Outlet properties as of September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018, respectively. As of September 30, 2019, our legal percentage ownership interests in these properties ranged from 45% to 94%.

In addition, we have a 50.0% noncontrolling interest in a European property management and development company that provides services to the Designer Outlet properties.

We also have minority interests in Value Retail PLC and affiliated entities, which own or have interests in and operate nine luxury outlets located throughout Europe and we also have a direct minority ownership in three of those outlets. At September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018, the carrying value of these equity instruments without readily determinable fair values was $140.8 million and is included in deferred costs and other assets.

Asian Joint Ventures

We conduct our international Premium Outlet operations in Japan through a joint venture with Mitsubishi Estate Co., Ltd. We have a 40% noncontrolling ownership interest in this joint venture. The carrying amount of our investment in this joint venture was $205.8 million and $232.1 million as of September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018, respectively, including all related components of accumulated other comprehensive income (loss). We conduct our international Premium Outlet operations in South Korea through a joint venture with Shinsegae International Co. We have a 50% noncontrolling ownership interest in this joint venture. The carrying amount of our investment in this joint venture was $167.0 million and $166.3 million as of September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018, respectively, including all related components of accumulated other comprehensive income (loss).

24

Simon Property Group, Inc.
Simon Property Group, L.P.
Condensed Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
(Unaudited)
(Dollars in thousands, except share, per share, unit and per unit amounts
and where indicated in millions or billions)

Summary Financial Information

A summary of our equity method investments and share of income from such investments, excluding Klépierre, Aéropostale, ABG, and HBS follows.

COMBINED BALANCE SHEETS

	September 30,		December 31,
	2019		2018
Assets:
Investment properties, at cost	$	19,259,601	$	18,807,449
Less - accumulated depreciation		7,263,363		6,834,633
		11,996,238		11,972,816
Cash and cash equivalents		880,648		1,076,398
Tenant receivables and accrued revenue, net		475,710		445,148
Deferred costs and other assets		581,435		390,818
Total assets	$	13,934,031	$	13,885,180
Liabilities and Partners’ Deficit:
Mortgages	$	15,217,266	$	15,235,415
Accounts payable, accrued expenses, intangibles, and deferred revenue		942,250		976,311
Other liabilities		521,518		344,205
Total liabilities		16,681,034		16,555,931
Preferred units		67,450		67,450
Partners’ deficit		(2,814,453)		(2,738,201)
Total liabilities and partners’ deficit	$	13,934,031	$	13,885,180
Our Share of:
Partners’ deficit	$	(1,227,239)	$	(1,168,216)
Add: Excess Investment		1,540,770		1,594,198
Our net Investment in unconsolidated entities, at equity	$	313,531	$	425,982

“Excess Investment” represents the unamortized difference of our investment over our share of the equity in the underlying net assets of the joint ventures or other investments acquired and has been determined to primarily relate to the fair value of the investment properties, intangible assets, and debt premiums and discounts. We amortize excess investment over the life of the related depreciable components of assets acquired, typically no greater than 40 years, the terms of the applicable leases, the estimated useful lives of the finite lived intangibles, and the applicable debt maturity, respectively. The amortization is included in the reported amount of income from unconsolidated entities.

25

Simon Property Group, Inc.
Simon Property Group, L.P.
Condensed Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
(Unaudited)
(Dollars in thousands, except share, per share, unit and per unit amounts
and where indicated in millions or billions)

COMBINED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS

	For the Three Months Ended				For the Nine Months Ended
	September 30,				September 30,
	2019		2018		2019		2018
REVENUE:
Lease income	$	766,740	$	756,955	$	2,285,848	$	2,259,451
Other income		79,025		73,259		234,337		232,747
Total revenue		845,765		830,214		2,520,185		2,492,198
OPERATING EXPENSES:
Property operating		149,759		151,873		434,742		437,718
Depreciation and amortization		171,407		161,964		512,070		488,098
Real estate taxes		64,172		60,654		200,698		197,497
Repairs and maintenance		20,729		20,035		61,938		63,968
Advertising and promotion		19,831		20,318		63,852		65,425
Other		45,747		43,916		142,806		143,533
Total operating expenses		471,645		458,760		1,416,106		1,396,239
Operating Income Before Other Items		374,120		371,454		1,104,079		1,095,959
Interest expense		(159,971)		(163,855)		(473,914)		(505,540)
Gain on sale or disposal of, or recovery on, assets and interests in unconsolidated entities, net		—		—		21,587		25,792
Net Income	$	214,149	$	207,599	$	651,752	$	616,211
Third-Party Investors’ Share of Net Income	$	108,792	$	101,750	$	332,078	$	304,174
Our Share of Net Income		105,357		105,849		319,674		312,037
Amortization of Excess Investment		(20,846)		(21,526)		(62,413)		(64,447)
Our Share of Gain on Sale or Disposal of Assets and Interest in Other Income in the Consolidated Financial Statements		—		—		(9,156)		—
Our Share of Gain on Sale or Disposal of, or Recovery on, Assets and Interests in Unconsolidated Entities, net		—		—		—		(9,672)
Income from Unconsolidated Entities	$	84,511	$	84,323	$	248,105	$	237,918

Our share of income from unconsolidated entities in the above table, aggregated with our share of the results of Klépierre, Aéropostale, ABG, and HBS, is presented in income from unconsolidated entities in the accompanying consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income.  Unless otherwise noted, our share of the gain on sale or disposal of, or recovery on, assets and interests in unconsolidated entities, net is reflected within gain on sale or disposal of, or recovery on, assets and interests in unconsolidated entities and impairment, net in the accompanying consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income.

26

Simon Property Group, Inc.
Simon Property Group, L.P.
Condensed Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
(Unaudited)
(Dollars in thousands, except share, per share, unit and per unit amounts
and where indicated in millions or billions)

7. Debt

Unsecured Debt

At September 30, 2019, our unsecured debt consisted of $18.4 billion of senior unsecured notes of the Operating Partnership, $125.0 million outstanding under the Operating Partnership’s $4.0 billion unsecured revolving credit facility, or Credit Facility, and $1.3 billion outstanding under the Operating Partnership’s global unsecured commercial paper note program, or Commercial Paper program.

On September 30, 2019, we had an aggregate available borrowing capacity of $6.1 billion under the Credit Facility and the Operating Partnership’s $3.5 billion unsecured revolving credit facility, or Supplemental Facility, and together with the Credit Facility, the Credit Facilities. The maximum aggregate outstanding balance under the Credit Facilities during the nine months ended September 30, 2019 was $130.7 million and the weighted average outstanding balance was $125.1 million. Letters of credit of $11.3 million were outstanding under the Credit Facilities as of September 30, 2019.

The Credit Facility’s initial borrowing capacity of $4.0 billion may be increased to $5.0 billion during its term and provides for borrowings denominated in U.S. dollars, Euro, Yen, Sterling, Canadian dollars and Australian dollars. Borrowings in currencies other than the U.S. dollar are limited to 95% of the maximum revolving credit amount, as defined. The initial maturity date of the Credit Facility is June 30, 2021 and can be extended for an additional year to June 30, 2022 at our sole option, subject to our continued compliance with the terms thereof. The base interest rate on the Credit Facility is LIBOR plus 77.5 basis points with a facility fee of 10 basis points.

The Supplemental Facility’s initial borrowing capacity of $3.5 billion may be increased to $4.5 billion during its term and provides for borrowings denominated in U.S. dollars, Euro, Yen, Sterling, Canadian dollars and Australian dollars. The initial maturity date of the Supplemental Facility was extended to June 30, 2022 and can be extended for an additional year to June 30, 2023 at our sole option, subject to our continued compliance with the terms thereof. The base interest rate on the Supplemental Facility is LIBOR plus 77.5 basis points with a facility fee of 10 basis points.

The Operating Partnership also has available a Commercial Paper program of $2.0 billion, or the non-U.S. dollar equivalent thereof.  The Operating Partnership may issue unsecured commercial paper notes, denominated in U.S. dollars, Euro and other currencies. Notes issued in non-U.S. currencies may be issued by one or more subsidiaries of the Operating Partnership and are guaranteed by the Operating Partnership. Notes will be sold under customary terms in the U.S. and Euro commercial paper note markets and rank (either by themselves or as a result of the guarantee described above) pari passu with the Operating Partnership’s other unsecured senior indebtedness. The Commercial Paper program is supported by the Credit Facilities and if necessary or appropriate, we may make one or more draws under either of the Credit Facilities to pay amounts outstanding from time to time on the Commercial Paper program. On September 30, 2019, we had $1.3 billion outstanding under the Commercial Paper program, comprised of $1.1 billion of U.S. dollar-denominated notes and $180.1 million (U.S. dollar equivalent) of Euro-denominated notes with weighted average interest rates of 2.16% and (0.34)%, respectively. These borrowings have weighted average maturity dates of December 18, 2019 and October 31, 2019, respectively, and reduce amounts otherwise available under the Credit Facilities.

On February 1, 2019, the Operating Partnership repaid at maturity $600.0 million of senior unsecured notes with a fixed interest rate of 2.20%.

On September 13, 2019 the Operating Partnership completed the issuance of the following senior unsecured notes: $1.0 billion with a fixed interest rate of 2.00%, $1.25 billion with a fixed interest rate of 2.45%, and $1.25 billion with a fixed interest rate of 3.25%, with maturity dates of September 13 of 2024, 2029, and 2049, respectively. Proceeds from the unsecured notes offering funded the early redemption of senior unsecured notes in October 2019, as discussed below, and repaid a portion of the indebtedness outstanding under the Commercial Paper program.

On October 7, 2019, the Operating Partnership completed the early redemption of its $900 million 4.375% notes due March 1, 2021, $700 million 4.125% notes due December 1, 2021, $600 million 3.375% notes due March 15, 2022 and €375 million of the €750 million 2.375% notes due October 2, 2020.  We recorded a $116.2 million loss on extinguishment of debt in the fourth quarter as a result of the early redemption.

27

Simon Property Group, Inc.
Simon Property Group, L.P.
Condensed Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
(Unaudited)
(Dollars in thousands, except share, per share, unit and per unit amounts
and where indicated in millions or billions)

Mortgage Debt

Total mortgage indebtedness was $6.8 billion at September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018.

Covenants

Our unsecured debt agreements contain financial covenants and other non-financial covenants. If we were to fail to comply with these covenants, after the expiration of the applicable cure periods, the debt maturity could be accelerated or other remedies could be sought by the lender, including adjustments to the applicable interest rate. As of September 30, 2019, we were in compliance with all covenants of our unsecured debt.

At September 30, 2019, our consolidated subsidiaries were the borrowers under 46 non-recourse mortgage notes secured by mortgages on 49 properties and other assets, including two separate pools of cross-defaulted and cross-collateralized mortgages encumbering a total of five properties. Under these cross-default provisions, a default under any mortgage included in the cross-defaulted pool may constitute a default under all mortgages within that pool and may lead to acceleration of the indebtedness due on each property within the pool. Certain of our secured debt instruments contain financial and other non-financial covenants which are specific to the properties that serve as collateral for that debt. If the applicable borrower under these non-recourse mortgage notes were to fail to comply with these covenants, the lender could accelerate the debt and enforce its rights against their collateral. At September 30, 2019, the applicable borrowers under these non-recourse mortgage notes were in compliance with all covenants where non-compliance could individually or in the aggregate, giving effect to applicable cross-default provisions, have a material adverse effect on our financial condition, liquidity or results of operations.

Fair Value of Debt

The carrying value of our variable-rate mortgages and other loans approximates their fair values. We estimate the fair values of consolidated fixed rate mortgages using cash flows discounted at current borrowing rates and other indebtedness using cash flows discounted at current market rates. We estimate the fair values of consolidated fixed rate unsecured notes using quoted market prices, or, if no quoted market prices are available, we use quoted market prices for securities with similar terms and maturities. The book value of our consolidated fixed rate mortgages and unsecured indebtedness including commercial paper was $25.7 billion and $22.4 billion as of September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018, respectively. The fair values of these financial instruments and the related discount rate assumptions as of September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018 are summarized as follows:

	September 30,			December 31,
	2019			2018
Fair value of consolidated fixed rate mortgages and unsecured indebtedness	$	26,844		$	22,323
Weighted average discount rates assumed in calculation of fair value for fixed rate mortgages		3.62	%		4.55	%
Weighted average discount rates assumed in calculation of fair value for unsecured indebtedness		3.57	%		4.50	%

8. Equity

During the nine months ended September 30, 2019, Simon issued 24,000 shares of common stock to a limited partner of the Operating Partnership in exchange for an equal number of units pursuant to the partnership agreement of the Operating Partnership. During the nine months ended September 30, 2019, the Operating Partnership redeemed 27,988 units from six limited partners for $4.3 million. These transactions increased Simon’s ownership interest in the Operating Partnership.

On September 25, 2018, the Operating Partnership issued 475,183 units in connection with the acquisition of the remaining 50% interest in The Outlets at Orange, as discussed in Note 4.

28

Simon Property Group, Inc.
Simon Property Group, L.P.
Condensed Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
(Unaudited)
(Dollars in thousands, except share, per share, unit and per unit amounts
and where indicated in millions or billions)

On February 13, 2017, Simon’s Board of Directors authorized a two-year extension of the previously authorized $2.0 billion common stock repurchase plan through March 31, 2019.  On February 11, 2019, Simon's Board of Directors authorized a new common stock repurchase plan.  Under the new plan, Simon may repurchase up to $2.0 billion of its common stock during the two-year period ending February 11, 2021 in the open market or in privately negotiated transactions as market conditions warrant.  During the nine months ended September 30, 2019, Simon purchased 2,247,074 shares at an average price of $160.11 per share, of which 46,377 shares at an average price of $164.49 were purchased as part of the previous program.  During the nine months ended September 30, 2018, Simon purchased 1,988,247 shares at an average price of $154.56 per share as part of the previous program.  As Simon repurchases shares under these programs, the Operating Partnership repurchases an equal number of units from Simon.

We paid a common stock dividend of $2.10 per share in the third quarter of 2019 and $6.20 per share for the nine months ended September 30, 2019.  The Operating Partnership paid distributions per unit for the same amounts.  We paid dividends of $2.00 and $5.90 per share for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018.  The Operating Partnership paid distributions per unit for the same amounts.  Simon’s Board of Directors declared a quarterly cash dividend for the fourth quarter of 2019 of $2.10 per share of common stock payable on November 29, 2019 to stockholders of record on November 15, 2019. The distribution rate on units is equal to the dividend rate on common stock.

Temporary Equity

Simon

Simon classifies as temporary equity those securities for which there is the possibility that Simon could be required to redeem the security for cash irrespective of the probability of such a possibility. As a result, Simon classifies one series of preferred units in the Operating Partnership and noncontrolling redeemable interests in properties in temporary equity.  Each of these securities is discussed further below.

Limited Partners’ Preferred Interest in the Operating Partnership and Noncontrolling Redeemable Interests in Properties.  The redemption features of the preferred units in the Operating Partnership contain provisions which could require the Operating Partnership to settle the redemption in cash. As a result, this series of preferred units in the Operating Partnership remains classified outside permanent equity.  The remaining interests in a property or portfolio of properties which are redeemable at the option of the holder or in circumstances that may be outside Simon’s control are accounted for as temporary equity. The carrying amount of the noncontrolling interest is adjusted to the redemption amount assuming the instrument is redeemable at the balance sheet date.  Changes in the redemption value of the underlying noncontrolling interest are recorded within accumulated deficit in the consolidated statements of equity in issuance of unit equivalents and other.  There were no noncontrolling interests redeemable at amounts in excess of fair value as of September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018.  The following table summarizes the preferred units in the Operating Partnership and the amount of the noncontrolling redeemable interests in properties as follows:

	As of		As of
	September 30,		December 31,
	2019		2018
7.50% Cumulative Redeemable Preferred Units, 260,000 units authorized, 255,373 issued and outstanding	$	25,537	$	25,537
Other noncontrolling redeemable interests in properties		201,350		204,626
Limited partners’ preferred interest in the Operating Partnership and noncontrolling redeemable interests in properties	$	226,887	$	230,163

29

Simon Property Group, Inc.
Simon Property Group, L.P.
Condensed Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
(Unaudited)
(Dollars in thousands, except share, per share, unit and per unit amounts
and where indicated in millions or billions)

The Operating Partnership

The Operating Partnership classifies as temporary equity those securities for which there is the possibility that the Operating Partnership could be required to redeem the security for cash, irrespective of the probability of such a possibility.  As a result, the Operating Partnership classifies one series of preferred units and noncontrolling redeemable interests in properties in temporary equity.  The following table summarizes the preferred units and the amount of the noncontrolling redeemable interests in properties as follows:

	As of		As of
	September 30,		December 31,
	2019		2018
7.50% Cumulative Redeemable Preferred Units, 260,000 units authorized, 255,373 issued and outstanding	$	25,537	$	25,537
Other noncontrolling redeemable interests in properties		201,350		204,626
Total preferred units, at liquidation value, and noncontrolling redeemable interests in properties	$	226,887	$	230,163

Stock Based Compensation

Awards under our stock based compensation plans primarily take the form of LTIP unit and restricted stock grants. Restricted stock and awards under the LTIP programs contain both market and performance conditions, which are based on various individual, corporate and business unit performance measures as further described below. The expense related to these programs, net of amounts capitalized, is included within home and regional office costs and general and administrative costs in the accompanying statements of operations and comprehensive income.

LTIP Programs.  The Compensation Committee has approved long-term, performance based incentive compensation programs, or the LTIP programs, for certain senior employees. Awards under the LTIP programs take the form of LTIP units, a form of limited partnership interest issued by the Operating Partnership, which are subject to the participant maintaining employment with us through certain dates and other conditions as described in the applicable award agreements. Awarded LTIP units not earned in accordance with the conditions set forth in the applicable award agreements are forfeited. Earned and fully vested LTIP units are equivalent to units of the Operating Partnership. During the performance period, participants are entitled to receive distributions on the LTIP units awarded to them equal to 10% of the regular quarterly distributions paid on a unit of the Operating Partnership. As a result, we account for these LTIP units as participating securities under the two-class method of computing earnings per share.

In 2019, the Compensation Committee established and granted awards under a redesigned LTIP program, or the 2019 LTIP program.  Awards under the 2019 LTIP program will be considered earned if, and only to the extent to which, the respective performance conditions (based on Funds From Operations, or FFO, per share, and Objective Criteria Goals) and market conditions (based on Relative TSR performance), as defined in the applicable award agreements, are achieved during the applicable three-year measurement period, subject to the recipient’s continued employment through the vesting date.  All of the earned LTIP units under the 2019 LTIP program will vest on January 1, 2023.  The 2019 LTIP program provides that the amount earned of the performance-based portion of the awards is dependent on Simon’s performance compared to certain criteria and has a maximum potential fair value at issuance of $22.1 million.  

The grant date fair values of any LTIP units for market-based awards are estimated using a Monte Carlo model, and the resulting fixed expense is recorded regardless of whether the market condition criteria are achieved if the required service is delivered. The grant date fair values of the market-based awards are being amortized into expense over the period from the grant date to the date at which the awards, if earned, would become vested.  The level of expense of the performance-based award is recorded over the period from the grant date to the date at which the awards, if earned, would become vested, based on our assessment as to whether it is probable that the performance criteria will be achieved during the applicable performance periods.

30

Simon Property Group, Inc.
Simon Property Group, L.P.
Condensed Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
(Unaudited)
(Dollars in thousands, except share, per share, unit and per unit amounts
and where indicated in millions or billions)

The Compensation Committee approved LTIP unit grants as shown in the table below. The extent to which LTIP units were earned, and the aggregate grant date fair value, are as follows:

LTIP Program	LTIP Units Earned	Grant Date Fair Value of TSR Award	Grant Date Target Value of Performance-Based Awards
2014-2016 LTIP program	120,314	$27.5 million	—
2015-2017 LTIP program	—	$21.6 million	—
2016-2018 LTIP program	—	$22.7 million	—
2018 LTIP program - Tranche A	To be determined in 2020	$6.1 million	$6.1 million
2018 LTIP program - Tranche B	To be determined in 2021	$6.1 million	$6.1 million
2019 LTIP program	To be determined in 2022	$9.5 million	$14.7 million

We recorded compensation expense, net of capitalization, related to these LTIP programs of approximately $12.2 million and $13.0 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively.

Restricted Stock.  The Compensation Committee awarded 84,503 shares of restricted stock to employees during the nine months ended September 30, 2019 at a weighted-average fair market value of $181.85 per share. During the nine months ended September 30, 2019, our non-employee Directors were awarded 10,644 shares of restricted stock at a weighted average fair market value of $174.03 per share. These shares represent a portion of the compensation we pay our non-employee Directors, and all of the shares have been placed in a non-employee Director deferred compensation account maintained by us. The grant date fair value of the employee restricted stock awards is being recognized as expense over the three-year vesting service period. The grant date fair value of the non-employee Director restricted stock awards is being recognized as expense over the one-year vesting service period. In accordance with the Operating Partnership's partnership agreement, the Operating Partnership issued an equal number of units to Simon that are subject to the same vesting conditions as the restricted stock.

We recorded compensation expense, net of capitalization, related to restricted stock of approximately $8.3 million and $6.0 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively.

Other Compensation Arrangements.  On July 6, 2011, in connection with the execution of an employment agreement, the Compensation Committee granted David Simon, Simon’s Chairman, Chief Executive Officer and President, a retention award in the form of 1,000,000 LTIP units, or the Award, for his continued service through July 5, 2019. Effective December 31, 2013, the Award was modified, or the Current Award, and as a result the LTIP units would become earned and eligible to vest based on the attainment of Company-based performance goals, in addition to the service-based vesting requirement included in the original Award. The Current Award does not contain an opportunity for Mr. Simon to receive additional LTIP units above and beyond the original Award should our performance exceed the higher end of the performance criteria.  The performance criteria of the Current Award are based on the attainment of specific FFO per share goals. Because the performance criteria has been met, a maximum of 360,000 LTIP units, or the A units, 360,000 LTIP units, or the B units, and 280,000 LTIP units, or the C units, became earned on December 31, 2015, December 31, 2016 and December 31, 2017, respectively. If the relevant performance criteria had not been achieved, all or a portion of the Current Award would have been forfeited. The earned A units vested on January 1, 2018, earned B units vested on January 1, 2019 and earned C units vested on June 30, 2019. The grant date fair value of the retention award of $120.3 million was recognized as expense over the eight-year term of his employment agreement on a straight-line basis based on the applicable vesting periods of the A units, B units and C units.

31

Simon Property Group, Inc.
Simon Property Group, L.P.
Condensed Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
(Unaudited)
(Dollars in thousands, except share, per share, unit and per unit amounts
and where indicated in millions or billions)

9. Lease Income

As discussed in note 3, fixed lease income under our operating leases includes fixed minimum lease consideration and fixed CAM reimbursements which are accrued on a straight-line basis over the terms of the leases.  Variable lease income includes consideration based on sales, as well as reimbursements for real estate taxes, utilities, marketing, and certain other items.

	For the Three Months Ended				For the Nine Months Ended
	September 30,				September 30,
	2019		2018		2019		2018
Fixed lease income	$	1,067,381	$	1,036,512	$	3,196,202	$	3,106,318
Variable lease income		241,527		248,162		691,330		704,947
Total lease income	$	1,308,908	$	1,284,674	$	3,887,532	$	3,811,265

Lease income for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018 has been reclassified to conform to the current year presentation.

10. Commitments and Contingencies

Litigation

We are involved from time-to-time in various legal and regulatory proceedings that arise in the ordinary course of our business, including, but not limited to, commercial disputes, environmental matters, and litigation in connection with transactions such as acquisitions and divestitures. We believe that current proceedings will not have a material adverse effect on our financial condition, liquidity, or results of operations. We record a liability when a loss is considered probable and the amount can be reasonably estimated.

During the first quarter of 2019, we settled a lawsuit with our former insurance broker, Aon Risk Services Central Inc., related to the significant flood damage sustained at Opry Mills in May 2010. In accordance with a previous agreement with the prior co-investor in Opry Mills, a portion of the settlement was remitted to the co-investor. Our share of the settlement was approximately $68.0 million, which was recorded as other income in the accompanying consolidated statement of operations and comprehensive income.

Lease Commitments

As of September 30, 2019, a total of 23 of our consolidated properties are subject to ground leases.  The termination dates of these ground leases range from 2019 to 2090, including periods for which exercising an extension option is reasonably assured.  These ground leases generally require us to make fixed annual rental payments, or a fixed annual rental payment plus a percentage rent component based upon the revenues or total sales of the property.  In addition, we have several regional office locations that are subject to leases with termination dates ranging from 2019 to 2028.  These office leases generally require us to make fixed annual rental payments plus pay our share of common area, real estate, and utility expenses.  Some of our ground and office leases include escalation clauses.  All of our lease arrangements are classified as operating leases.  We incurred ground lease

32

Simon Property Group, Inc.
Simon Property Group, L.P.
Condensed Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
(Unaudited)
(Dollars in thousands, except share, per share, unit and per unit amounts
and where indicated in millions or billions)

expense and office lease expense, which are included in other expense and home office and regional expense, respectively, as follows:

	For the Three Months Ended		For the Nine Months Ended
	September 30, 2019		September 30, 2019
Lease Cost
Operating lease cost	$	7,937	$	23,045
Variable lease cost		4,183		12,513
Sublease income		(208)		(542)
Total lease cost	$	11,912	$	35,016

For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018, we incurred $11,431 and $34,858 of lease expense, respectively.

	For the Nine Months Ended
	September 30, 2019
Other Information
Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of lease liabilities
Operating cash flows from operating leases	$	36,268
Weighted-average remaining lease term - operating leases		35.8 years
Weighted-average discount rate - operating leases		4.87%

Minimum lease payments due under these leases for years ending December 31, excluding applicable extension options and renewal options unless reasonably certain of exercise and any sublease income, are as follows:

2019	$	32,444
2020		32,438
2021		32,440
2022		32,451
2023		32,583
Thereafter		941,418
	$	1,103,774
Impact of discounting		(585,162)
Operating lease liabilities	$	518,612

Lease liabilities are included within other liabilities in the consolidated balance sheet.  Right of use assets are included within deferred costs and other assets in the consolidated balance sheet.  

Guarantees of Indebtedness

Joint venture debt is the liability of the joint venture and is typically secured by the joint venture property, which is non-recourse to us. As of September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018, the Operating Partnership guaranteed joint venture related mortgage indebtedness of $211.7 million and $216.1 million, respectively (of which we have a right of recovery from our venture partners of $10.8 million). Mortgages guaranteed by the Operating Partnership are secured by the property of the joint venture

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Simon Property Group, Inc.
Simon Property Group, L.P.
Condensed Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
(Unaudited)
(Dollars in thousands, except share, per share, unit and per unit amounts
and where indicated in millions or billions)

which could be sold in order to satisfy the outstanding obligation and which has an estimated fair value in excess of the guaranteed amount.

Concentration of Credit Risk

Our U.S. Malls, Premium Outlets, and The Mills rely upon anchor tenants to attract customers; however, anchors do not contribute materially to our financial results as many anchors own their spaces. All material operations are within the United States and no customer or tenant accounts for 5% or more of our consolidated revenues.

Hurricane Impacts

During the third quarter of 2017, our two wholly-owned properties located in Puerto Rico sustained significant damage as a result of Hurricane Maria. Since the date of the loss, we have received $70.7 million of insurance proceeds from third-party carriers related to the two properties located in Puerto Rico, of which $43.6 million was used for property restoration and remediation and to reduce the insurance recovery receivable.  During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019, we recorded $1.6 million and $9.2 million, respectively, as business interruption income.  During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018, we recorded $17.0 million as business interruption income.  These amounts were recorded in other income in the accompanying consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income.

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Item 2.  Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

The following discussion should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements and notes thereto included in this report.

Overview

Simon Property Group, Inc. is a Delaware corporation that operates as a self-administered and self-managed real estate investment trust, or REIT, under the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended, or the Internal Revenue Code. REITs will generally not be liable for U.S. federal corporate income taxes as long as they distribute not less than 100% of their REIT taxable income. Simon Property Group, L.P. is our majority-owned Delaware partnership subsidiary that owns all of our real estate properties and other assets.  According to the Operating Partnership’s partnership agreement, the Operating Partnership is required to pay all expenses of Simon. Unless stated otherwise or the context otherwise requires, references to “Simon” mean Simon Property Group, Inc. and references to the “Operating Partnership” mean Simon Property Group, L.P. References to “we,” “us” and “our” mean collectively Simon, the Operating Partnership and those entities/subsidiaries owned or controlled by Simon and/or the Operating Partnership.

We own, develop and manage premier shopping, dining, entertainment and mixed-use destinations, which consist primarily of malls, Premium Outlets^®, and The Mills^®. As of September 30, 2019, we owned or held an interest in 204 income-producing properties in the United States, which consisted of 106 malls, 69 Premium Outlets, 14 Mills, four lifestyle centers, and 11 other retail properties in 37 states and Puerto Rico. In addition, we have redevelopment and expansion projects, including the addition of anchors, big box tenants, and restaurants, underway at properties in the United States, Canada, Asia and Europe. Internationally, as of September 30, 2019, we had ownership in 29 Premium Outlets and Designer Outlet properties primarily located in Asia, Europe, and Canada. We also have four international outlet properties under development. As of September 30, 2019, we also owned a 21.9% equity stake in Klépierre SA, or Klépierre, a publicly traded, Paris-based real estate company which owns, or has an interest in, shopping centers located in 16 countries in Europe.

We generate the majority of our lease income from retail tenants including consideration received from:

● fixed minimum lease consideration and fixed common area maintenance (CAM) reimbursements, and

● variable lease consideration primarily based on tenants’ sales.

Revenues of our management company, after intercompany eliminations, consist primarily of management fees that are typically based upon the revenues of the property being managed.

We invest in real estate properties to maximize total financial return which includes both operating cash flows and capital appreciation. We seek growth in earnings, funds from operations, or FFO, and cash flows by enhancing the profitability and operation of our properties and investments. We seek to accomplish this growth through the following:

● attracting and retaining high quality tenants and utilizing economies of scale to reduce operating expenses,

● expanding and re-tenanting existing highly productive locations at competitive rental rates,

● selectively acquiring or increasing our interests in high quality real estate assets or portfolios of assets,

● generating consumer traffic in our retail properties through marketing initiatives and strategic corporate alliances, and

● selling selective non-core assets.

We also grow by generating supplemental revenues from the following activities:

● establishing our malls as leading market resource providers for retailers and other businesses and consumer-focused corporate alliances, including payment systems (such as handling fees relating to the sales of bank-issued prepaid cards), national marketing alliances, static and digital media initiatives, business development, sponsorship, and events,

● offering property operating services to our tenants and others, including waste handling and facility services, and the provision of energy services,

● selling or leasing land adjacent to our properties, commonly referred to as “outlots” or “outparcels,” and

● generating interest income on cash deposits and investments in loans, including those made to related entities.

We focus on high quality real estate across the retail real estate spectrum. We expand or redevelop properties to enhance profitability and market share of existing assets when we believe the investment of our capital meets our risk-reward criteria. We selectively develop new properties in markets we believe are not adequately served by existing retail outlet properties.

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We routinely review and evaluate acquisition opportunities based on their ability to enhance our portfolio. Our international strategy includes partnering with established real estate companies and financing international investments with local currency to minimize foreign exchange risk.

To support our growth, we employ a three-fold capital strategy:

● provide the capital necessary to fund growth,

● maintain sufficient flexibility to access capital in many forms, both public and private, and

● manage our overall financial structure in a fashion that preserves our investment grade credit ratings.

We consider FFO, net operating income, or NOI, portfolio NOI and comparable property NOI (NOI for properties owned and operated in both periods under comparison) to be key measures of operating performance that are not specifically defined by accounting principles generally accepted in the United States, or GAAP. We use these measures internally to evaluate the operating performance of our portfolio and provide a basis for comparison with other real estate companies. Reconciliations of these measures to the most comparable GAAP measure are included below in this discussion.

Results Overview

Diluted earnings per share and diluted earnings per unit decreased $0.42 during the first nine months of 2019 to $5.15 from $5.57 for the same period last year. The decrease in diluted earnings per share and diluted earnings per unit was primarily attributable to:

● 2018 net gains primarily related to disposition activity of $144.9 million, or $0.41 per diluted share/unit, which were higher than 2019 net gains of $12.8 million, or $0.04 per diluted share/unit,

● a non-cash investment gain of $35.6 million, or $0.10 per diluted share/unit, in 2018,

● decreased consolidated lease settlement activity in 2019 of $26.0 million, or $0.07 per diluted share/unit, and

● decreased income related to distributions from an international investment in 2018 of $25.4 million, or $0.07 per diluted share/unit, partially offset by

● improved operating performance and solid core business fundamentals in 2019 and the impact of our acquisition, development and expansion activity,

● a lawsuit settled with our former insurance broker in 2019 related to the significant flood damage sustained at Opry Mills in May 2010 of $68.0 million, or $0.19 per diluted share/unit,

● a gain in 2019 related to the disposition of our interest in a multi-family residential investment of $15.6 million, or $0.04 per diluted share/unit,

● our share of an early repayment charge and write-off of deferred debt issuance costs in 2018 related to refinancing at Aventura Mall, of $12.5 million, or $0.03 per diluted share/unit, and

● decreased interest expense in 2019 of $12.0 million, or $0.03 per diluted share/unit.

Solid core business fundamentals during the first nine months of 2019 were primarily driven by strong leasing activity. Portfolio NOI grew 1.5% for the nine month period in 2019 over the prior year period. Comparable property NOI grew 1.7% for our portfolio of U.S. Malls, Premium Outlets, and The Mills. Total sales per square foot, or psf, increased from $650 psf at September 30, 2018 to $680 psf, or 4.5%, at September 30, 2019, for our U.S. Malls and Premium Outlets. Average base minimum rent for U.S. Malls and Premium Outlets increased 1.2% to $54.55 psf as of September 30, 2019, from $53.88 psf as of September 30, 2018. Leasing spreads in our U.S. Malls and Premium Outlets were favorable as we were able to lease available square feet at higher rents, resulting in an open/close leasing spread (based on total tenant payments — base minimum rent plus common area maintenance) of $12.10 psf ($66.58 openings compared to $54.48 closings) as of September 30, 2019, representing a 22.2% increase. Ending occupancy for our U.S. Malls and Premium Outlets decreased 0.8% to 94.7% as of September 30, 2019, from 95.5% as of September 30, 2018.

Our effective overall borrowing rate at September 30, 2019 on our consolidated indebtedness decreased eleven basis points to 3.21% as compared to 3.32% at September 30, 2018. This decrease was primarily due to a decrease in the effective overall borrowing rate on variable rate debt of 26 basis points (2.79% at September 30, 2019 as compared to 3.05% at September 30, 2018), partially offset by an increase in the amount of our variable rate debt. The weighted average years to maturity of our

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consolidated indebtedness was 7.1 years and 6.4 years at September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018, respectively. Our financing activity for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 included:

● Increasing our borrowings under the Operating Partnership’s global unsecured commercial paper note program, or the Commercial Paper program, by $351.8 million through the issuance of U.S. dollar denominated notes

● Increasing our Euro-denominated borrowings of $180.1 million (U.S. dollar equivalent) under the Commercial Paper program.

● Repaying at maturity $600.0 million of senior unsecured notes with a fixed interest rate of 2.20% on February 1, 2019.

● Completing the issuance of the following senior unsecured notes on September 13, 2019: $1.0 billion with a fixed interest rate of 2.00%, $1.25 billion with a fixed interest rate of 2.45%, and $1.25 billion with a fixed interest rate of 3.25%, with maturity dates of September 13 of 2024, 2029, and 2049, respectively.  

On October 7, 2019, the Operating Partnership completed the early redemption of its $900 million 4.375% notes due March 1, 2021, $700 million 4.125% notes due December 1, 2021, $600 million 3.375% notes due March 15, 2022 and €375 million of the €750 million 2.375% notes due October 2, 2020.  We recorded a $116.2 million loss on extinguishment of debt in the fourth quarter as a result of the early redemption.

United States Portfolio Data

The portfolio data discussed in this overview includes the following key operating statistics: ending occupancy, average base minimum rent per square foot, and total sales per square foot for our domestic assets. We include acquired properties in this data beginning in the year of acquisition and remove disposed properties in the year of disposition. For comparative purposes, we separate the information related to The Mills from our other U.S. operations. We also do not include any information for properties located outside the United States.

The following table sets forth these key operating statistics for the combined U.S. Malls and Premium Outlets:

● properties that are consolidated in our consolidated financial statements,

● properties we account for under the equity method of accounting as joint ventures, and

● the foregoing two categories of properties on a total portfolio basis.

	September 30,		September 30,		%/Basis Points
	2019		2018		Change (1)
U.S. Malls and Premium Outlets:
Ending Occupancy
Consolidated		95.1%		95.5%	-40 bps
Unconsolidated		93.8%		95.5%	-170 bps
Total Portfolio		94.7%		95.5%	-80 bps
Average Base Minimum Rent per Square Foot
Consolidated	$	52.97	$	52.19	1.5%
Unconsolidated	$	58.73	$	58.38	0.6%
Total Portfolio	$	54.55	$	53.88	1.2%
Total Sales per Square Foot
Consolidated	$	654	$	633	3.3%
Unconsolidated	$	754	$	701	7.5%
Total Portfolio	$	680	$	650	4.5%
The Mills:
Ending Occupancy		97.2%		98.5%	-130 bps
Average Base Minimum Rent per Square Foot	$	32.88	$	31.75	3.6%
Total Sales per Square Foot	$	616	$	609	1.2%

(1) Percentages may not recalculate due to rounding. Percentage and basis point changes are representative of the change from the comparable prior period.

Ending Occupancy Levels and Average Base Minimum Rent per Square Foot.  Ending occupancy is the percentage of gross leasable area, or GLA, which is leased as of the last day of the reporting period. We include all company owned space except for mall anchors, mall majors, mall freestanding and mall outlots in the calculation. Base minimum rent per square foot is

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the average base minimum rent charge in effect for the reporting period for all tenants that would qualify to be included in ending occupancy.

Total Sales per Square Foot.  Total sales include total reported retail tenant sales on a trailing 12-month basis at owned GLA (for mall stores with less than 10,000 square feet) in the U.S. Malls and The Mills and stores with less than 20,000 square feet in the Premium Outlets. Retail sales at owned GLA affect revenue and profitability levels because sales determine the amount of minimum rent that can be charged, the percentage rent realized, and the recoverable expenses (common area maintenance, real estate taxes, etc.) that tenants can afford to pay.

Current Leasing Activities

During the nine months ended September 30, 2019, we signed 780 new leases and 796 renewal leases (excluding mall anchors and majors, new development, redevelopment and leases with terms of one year or less) with a fixed minimum rent across our U.S. Malls and Premium Outlets portfolio, comprising approximately 5.3 million square feet, of which 3.8 million square feet related to consolidated properties. During the comparable period in 2018, we signed 762 new leases and 904 renewal leases with a fixed minimum rent, comprising approximately 5.6 million square feet, of which 4.0 million square feet related to consolidated properties. The average annual initial base minimum rent for new leases was $58.08 per square foot in 2019 and $55.68 per square foot in 2018 with an average tenant allowance on new leases of $60.83 per square foot and $51.51 per square foot, respectively.

Japan Data

The following are selected key operating statistics for our Premium Outlets in Japan. The information used to prepare these statistics has been supplied by the managing venture partner.

	September 30,		September 30,		%/Basis Points
	2019		2018		Change
Ending Occupancy		99.7%		99.6%	+10 bps
Total Sales per Square Foot	¥	109,334	¥	106,308	2.85%
Average Base Minimum Rent per Square Foot	¥	5,241	¥	5,127	2.22%

Results of Operations

The following acquisitions, dispositions and openings of consolidated properties affected our consolidated results in the comparative periods:

● On September 19, 2019, we acquired the remaining 50% interest in a hotel adjacent to one of our properties from our joint venture partner.

● During the third quarter of 2019, we disposed of two retail properties.

● On September 27, 2018, we opened Denver Premium Outlets, a 330,000 square foot center in Thornton (Denver), Colorado. We own a 100% interest in this center.

● On September 25, 2018, we acquired the remaining 50% interest in the previously unconsolidated The Outlets at Orange from our joint venture partner.  

● During 2018, we disposed of two retail properties.

The following acquisitions, dispositions and openings of equity method investments and properties affected our income from unconsolidated entities in the comparative periods:

● On May 22, 2019, we opened Premium Outlets Querétaro, a 274,800 square foot center in Santiago de Querétaro, Mexico. We own a 50% interest in this center.

● During the fourth quarter of 2018, our interest in the 41 German department store properties owned through our investment in HBS Global Properties, or HBS, was sold.

● During 2018, we contributed our interest in the licensing venture of Aéropostale for additional interests in Authentic Brands Group LLC, or ABG. Our noncontrolling interest in ABG is 5.4%.

● On May 2, 2018, we and our partner opened Premium Outlet Collection Edmonton International Airport, a 424,000 square foot shopping center in Edmonton (Alberta), Canada. We have a 50% noncontrolling interest in this center.

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For the purposes of the following comparison between the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, the above transactions are referred to as the property transactions. In the following discussions of our results of operations, “comparable” refers to properties we owned or held interests in and operated in both of the periods under comparison.

Three months ended September 30, 2019 vs. Three months ended September 30, 2018

Lease income increased $24.2 million during the three months ended 2019, of which the property transactions accounted for $12.5 million of the increase.  Comparable lease income increased $11.7 million, or 0.9%, due to increases in fixed minimum lease and CAM consideration recorded on a straight-line basis.  

Total other income decreased $10.9 million, primarily due to a $15.2 million decrease related to business interruption insurance proceeds received in connection with our two Puerto Rico properties as a result of hurricane damages, partially offset by a $4.5 million increase in interest income.

Depreciation and amortization expense increased $18.8 million, of which the property transactions accounted for $2.7 million.  The comparable properties increased $16.1 million primarily as a result of an increase in tenant allowance write-offs in 2019 and the acceleration of depreciation on a property upon initiation of a major redevelopment.

Home and regional office costs increased $13.2 million, primarily due to the suspension of leasing cost capitalization in 2019, as a result of the adoption of a new accounting pronouncement.

General and administrative expense decreased $4.1 million due to lower executive compensation.

Income and other taxes decreased $3.9 million due to reduced withholding and income taxes related to certain of our international investments and state income tax refunds.

Income from unconsolidated entities decreased $14.7 million as a result of the sale of European assets within our HBS joint venture in 2018, the impact from the consolidation of a property that was unconsolidated in the third quarter of 2018 and unfavorable impacts of foreign currency on our international joint ventures.

Unrealized gains (losses) in fair value of equity instruments represent a mark-to-market gain of $2.2 million for the three months ended September 30, 2019 as compared to a loss of $5.5 million for the three months ended September 30, 2018.

During the three months ended September 30, 2019, we recorded a $10.1 million gain related to Klépierre’s disposition of certain shopping centers.    

Nine months ended September 30, 2019 vs. Nine months ended September 30, 2018

Lease income increased $76.3 million during 2019, of which the property transactions accounted for $35.0 million of the increase.  Comparable lease income increased $41.3 million, or 1.1%, due to increases in fixed minimum lease and CAM consideration recorded on a straight-line basis.  

Total other income increased $8.8 million, primarily due to a $68.0 million increase related to a lawsuit settled with our former insurance broker in 2019 related to the significant flood damage sustained at Opry Mills in May 2010, a $15.6 million gain on the sale of our interest in a multi-family residential property, an increase of $9.9 million in land sales including a gain as a result of land contributions for densification projects at two of our properties, and an $8.3 million increase in interest income, partially offset by a $35.6 million non-cash gain recorded in 2018 associated with our contribution of our interest in the Aéropostale licensing venture for additional interests in ABG, a $26.0 million decrease in lease settlement income, a $25.4 million decrease in income related to distributions from an international investment received in 2018 and a $7.6 million decrease related to business interruption insurance proceeds received in connection with our two Puerto Rico properties as a result of hurricane damages.

Depreciation and amortization expense increased $62.9 million, of which the property transactions accounted for $11.8 million.  The comparable properties increased $51.1 million primarily as a result of an increase in tenant allowance write-offs in 2019 and the acceleration of depreciation on a property upon initiation of a major redevelopment.

Home and regional office costs increased $38.8 million, primarily due to the suspension of leasing cost capitalization in 2019, as a result of the adoption of a new accounting pronouncement.

General and administrative expense decreased $8.2 million due to lower executive compensation.

Unrealized gains (losses) in fair value of equity instruments represent a mark-to-market loss of $4.8 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 as compared to a gain of $1.2 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2018.

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During 2019, we recorded a $12.8 million gain related to Klépierre’s disposition of certain shopping centers. During 2018, we recorded net gains of $9.7 million related to a property insurance recovery of previously depreciated assets and $135.2 million primarily related to our disposition activity.

Simon’s net income attributable to noncontrolling interests decreased $20.5 million due to a decrease in the net income of the Operating Partnership.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

Because we own long-lived income-producing assets, our financing strategy relies primarily on long-term fixed rate debt. Floating rate debt comprised only 3.1% of our total consolidated debt at September 30, 2019. We also enter into interest rate protection agreements from time to time to manage our interest rate risk. We derive most of our liquidity from positive net cash flow from operations and distributions of capital from unconsolidated entities that totaled $3.1 billion in the aggregate during the nine months ended September 30, 2019. The Operating Partnership has a $4.0 billion unsecured revolving credit facility, or Credit Facility, and a $3.5 billion supplemental unsecured revolving credit facility, or Supplemental Facility, and together with the Credit Facility, the Credit Facilities. The Credit Facilities and the Commercial Paper program provide alternative sources of liquidity as our cash needs vary from time to time. Borrowing capacity under these sources may be increased as discussed further below.

Our balance of cash and cash equivalents increased $3.1 billion during the first nine months of 2019 to $3.6 billion as of September 30, 2019 as a result of the operating and financing activity, as further discussed in “Cash Flows” below.

On September 30, 2019, we had an aggregate available borrowing capacity of approximately $6.1 billion under the Credit Facilities, net of outstanding borrowings of $125.0 million and amounts outstanding under the Commercial Paper program of $1.3 billion and letters of credit of $11.3 million. For the nine months ended September 30, 2019, the maximum aggregate outstanding balance under the Credit Facilities was $130.7 million and the weighted average outstanding balance was $125.1 million. The weighted average interest rate was 3.19% for the nine months ended September 30, 2019.

Simon has historically had access to public equity markets and the Operating Partnership has historically had access to private and public long and short-term unsecured debt markets and access to secured debt and private equity from institutional investors at the property level.

Our business model and Simon’s status as a REIT require us to regularly access the debt markets to raise funds for acquisition, development and redevelopment activity, and to refinance maturing debt. Simon may also, from time to time, access the equity capital markets to accomplish our business objectives. We believe we have sufficient cash on hand and availability under the Credit Facilities and the Commercial Paper program to address our debt maturities and capital needs through 2019.

Cash Flows

Our net cash flow from operating activities and distributions of capital from unconsolidated entities for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 totaled $3.1 billion. In addition, we had net proceeds from our debt financing and repayment activities of $3.4 billion in 2019. These activities are further discussed below under “Financing and Debt.” During the first nine months of 2019, we also:

● paid stockholder dividends and unitholder distributions totaling approximately $2.2 billion and preferred unit distributions totaling $3.9 million,

● funded consolidated capital expenditures of $622.7 million (including development and other costs of $50.8 million, redevelopment and expansion costs of $357.4 million, and tenant costs and other operational capital expenditures of $214.5 million),

● funded investments in unconsolidated entities of $42.4 million,

● funded investments in equity securities of $134.4 million,

● received insurance proceeds for property restoration, remediation, and business interruption from hurricane damages in Puerto Rico of $14.1 million, and

● funded the repurchase of $359.8 million of Simon’s common stock.

In general, we anticipate that cash generated from operations will be sufficient to meet operating expenses, monthly debt service, recurring capital expenditures, and dividends to stockholders and/or distributions to partners necessary to maintain Simon’s REIT qualification on a long-term basis. In addition, we expect to be able to generate or obtain capital for nonrecurring

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capital expenditures, such as acquisitions, major building redevelopments and expansions, as well as for scheduled principal maturities on outstanding indebtedness, from:

● excess cash generated from operating performance and working capital reserves,

● borrowings on the Credit Facilities and Commercial Paper program,

● additional secured or unsecured debt financing, or

● additional equity raised in the public or private markets.

We expect to generate positive cash flow from operations in 2019, and we consider these projected cash flows in our sources and uses of cash. These cash flows are principally derived from rents paid by our tenants. A significant deterioration in projected cash flows from operations could cause us to increase our reliance on available funds from the Credit Facilities and Commercial Paper program, curtail planned capital expenditures, or seek other additional sources of financing as discussed above.

Financing and Debt

Unsecured Debt

At September 30, 2019, our unsecured debt consisted of $18.4 billion of senior unsecured notes of the Operating Partnership, $125.0 million outstanding under the Credit Facility, and $1.3 billion outstanding under the Commercial Paper program.

On September 30, 2019, we had an aggregate available borrowing capacity of $6.1 billion under the Credit Facilities. The maximum aggregate outstanding balance under the Credit Facilities during the nine months ended September 30, 2019 was $130.7 million and the weighted average outstanding balance was $125.1 million. Letters of credit of $11.3 million were outstanding under the Credit Facilities as of September 30, 2019.

The Credit Facility’s initial borrowing capacity of $4.0 billion may be increased to $5.0 billion during its term and provides for borrowings denominated in U.S. dollars, Euro, Yen, Sterling, Canadian dollars and Australian dollars. Borrowings in currencies other than the U.S. dollar are limited to 95% of the maximum revolving credit amount, as defined. The initial maturity date of the Credit Facility is June 30, 2021 and can be extended for an additional year to June 30, 2022 at our sole option, subject to our continued compliance with the terms thereof. The base interest rate on the Credit Facility is LIBOR plus 77.5 basis points with a facility fee of 10 basis points.

The Supplemental Facility’s initial borrowing capacity of $3.5 billion may be increased to $4.5 billion during its term and provides for borrowings denominated in U.S. dollars, Euro, Yen, Sterling, Canadian dollars and Australian dollars. The initial maturity date of the Supplemental Facility was extended to June 30, 2022 and can be extended for an additional year to June 30, 2023 at our sole option, subject to our continued compliance with the terms thereof. The base interest rate on the Supplemental Facility is LIBOR plus 77.5 basis points with a facility fee of 10 basis points.

The Operating Partnership also has available a Commercial Paper program of $2.0 billion, or the non-U.S. dollar equivalent thereof.  The Operating Partnership may issue unsecured commercial paper notes, denominated in U.S. dollars, Euro and other currencies. Notes issued in non-U.S. currencies may be issued by one or more subsidiaries of the Operating Partnership and are guaranteed by the Operating Partnership. Notes will be sold under customary terms in the U.S. and Euro commercial paper note markets and rank (either by themselves or as a result of the guarantee described above) pari passu with the Operating Partnership’s other unsecured senior indebtedness. The Commercial Paper program is supported by the Credit Facilities and if necessary or appropriate, we may make one or more draws under either of the Credit Facilities to pay amounts outstanding from time to time on the Commercial Paper program. On September 30, 2019, we had $1.3 billion outstanding under the Commercial Paper program, comprised of $1.1 billion of U.S. dollar-denominated notes and $180.1 million (U.S. dollar equivalent) of Euro-denominated notes with weighted average interest rates of 2.16% and (0.34)%, respectively. These borrowings have weighted average maturity dates of December 18, 2019 and October 31, 2019, respectively, and reduce amounts otherwise available under the Credit Facilities.

On February 1, 2019, the Operating Partnership repaid at maturity $600.0 million of senior unsecured notes with a fixed interest rate of 2.20%.

On September 13, 2019 the Operating Partnership completed the issuance of the following senior unsecured notes: $1.0 billion with a fixed interest rate of 2.00%, $1.25 billion with a fixed interest rate of 2.45%, and $1.25 billion with a fixed interest rate of 3.25%, with maturity dates of September 13 of 2024, 2029, and 2049, respectively. Proceeds from the unsecured notes offering funded the early redemption of senior unsecured notes in October 2019, as discussed below, and repaid a portion of the indebtedness outstanding under the Commercial Paper program.

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On October 7, 2019, the Operating Partnership completed the early redemption of its $900 million 4.375% notes due March 1, 2021, $700 million 4.125% notes due December 1, 2021, $600 million 3.375% notes due March 15, 2022 and €375 million of the €750 million 2.375% notes due October 2, 2020.  We recorded a $116.2 million loss on extinguishment of debt in the fourth quarter as a result of the early redemption.

Mortgage Debt

Total mortgage indebtedness was $6.8 billion at September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018.

Covenants

Our unsecured debt agreements contain financial covenants and other non-financial covenants. If we were to fail to comply with these covenants, after the expiration of the applicable cure periods, the debt maturity could be accelerated or other remedies could be sought by the lender, including adjustments to the applicable interest rate. As of September 30, 2019, we were in compliance with all covenants of our unsecured debt.

At September 30, 2019, our consolidated subsidiaries were the borrowers under 46 non-recourse mortgage notes secured by mortgages on 49 properties and other assets, including two separate pools of cross-defaulted and cross-collateralized mortgages encumbering a total of five properties. Under these cross-default provisions, a default under any mortgage included in the cross-defaulted pool may constitute a default under all mortgages within that pool and may lead to acceleration of the indebtedness due on each property within the pool. Certain of our secured debt instruments contain financial and other non-financial covenants which are specific to the properties that serve as collateral for that debt. If the applicable borrower under these non-recourse mortgage notes were to fail to comply with these covenants, the lender could accelerate the debt and enforce its rights against their collateral. At September 30, 2019, the applicable borrowers under these non-recourse mortgage notes were in compliance with all covenants where non-compliance could individually or in the aggregate, giving effect to applicable cross-default provisions, have a material adverse effect on our financial condition, liquidity or results of operations.

Summary of Financing

Our consolidated debt, adjusted to reflect outstanding derivative instruments, and the effective weighted average interest rates as of September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018, consisted of the following (dollars in thousands):

			Effective			Effective
	Adjusted Balance		Weighted	Adjusted		Weighted
	as of		Average	Balance as of		Average
Debt Subject to	September 30, 2019		Interest Rate(1)	December 31, 2018		Interest Rate(1)
Fixed Rate	$	25,790,473	3.49%	$	22,461,191	3.37%
Variable Rate		853,406	2.79%		844,344	3.17%
	$	26,643,879	3.21%	$	23,305,535	3.35%

(1) Effective weighted average interest rate excludes the impact of net discounts and debt issuance costs.

Contractual Obligations

There have been no material changes to our outstanding capital expenditure and lease commitments previously disclosed in the combined 2018 Annual Report on Form 10-K of Simon and the Operating Partnership.

In regards to long-term debt arrangements, the following table summarizes the material aspects of these future obligations on our consolidated indebtedness as of September 30, 2019, for the remainder of 2019 and subsequent years thereafter (dollars in thousands), assuming the obligations remain outstanding through initial maturities, including applicable exercise of available extension options:

	2019		2020 - 2021		2022 - 2023		After 2023		Total
Long Term Debt (1) (2)	$	1,364,010	$	5,022,950	$	5,255,863	$	14,915,916	$	26,558,739
Interest Payments (3)		213,874		1,569,974		1,171,272		3,992,435		6,947,555

(1) Represents principal maturities only and, therefore, excludes net discounts and debt issuance costs.

(2) The amount due in 2019 includes $1.3 billion outstanding under the Global Commercial Paper program.

(3) Variable rate interest payments are estimated based on the LIBOR rate at September 30, 2019.

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Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements

Our off-balance sheet arrangements consist primarily of our investments in joint ventures which are common in the real estate industry and are described in note 6 of the condensed notes to our consolidated financial statements. Our joint ventures typically fund their cash needs through secured debt financings obtained by and in the name of the joint venture entity. The joint venture debt is secured by a first mortgage, is without recourse to the joint venture partners, and does not represent a liability of the partners, except to the extent the partners or their affiliates expressly guarantee the joint venture debt. As of September 30, 2019, the Operating Partnership guaranteed joint venture-related mortgage indebtedness of $211.7 million (of which we have a right of recovery from our joint venture partners of $10.8 million as of September 30, 2019). Mortgages guaranteed by the Operating Partnership are secured by the property of the joint venture which could be sold in order to satisfy the outstanding obligation and which has an estimated fair value in excess of the guaranteed amount. We may elect to fund cash needs of a joint venture through equity contributions (generally on a basis proportionate to our ownership interests), advances or partner loans, although such fundings are not typically required contractually or otherwise.

Hurricane Impacts

During the third quarter of 2017, our two wholly-owned properties located in Puerto Rico experienced property damage and business interruption as a result of Hurricane Maria.  Since the date of the loss, we have received $70.7 million of insurance proceeds from third-party carriers related to the two properties located in Puerto Rico, of which $43.6 million was used for property restoration and remediation and to reduce the insurance recovery receivable.  During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019, we recorded $1.6 million and $9.2 million, respectively, as business interruption income. During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018, we recorded $17.0 million as business interruption income.  These amounts were recorded in other income in the accompanying consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income.

Acquisitions and Dispositions

Buy-sell, marketing rights, and other exit mechanisms are common in real estate partnership agreements. Most of our partners are institutional investors who have a history of direct investment in retail real estate. We and our partners in our joint venture properties may initiate these provisions (subject to any applicable lock up or similar restrictions). If we determine it is in our stockholders’ best interests for us to purchase the joint venture interest and we believe we have adequate liquidity to execute the purchase without hindering our cash flows, then we may initiate these provisions or elect to buy our partner’s interest. If we decide to sell any of our joint venture interests, we expect to use the net proceeds to reduce outstanding indebtedness or to reinvest in development, redevelopment, or expansion opportunities.

Acquisitions. On September 19, 2019, we acquired the remaining 50% interest in a hotel adjacent to one of our properties from our joint venture partner for cash consideration of $12.8 million. The property is subject to a $21.5 million, 4.02% variable rate mortgage.

On September 25, 2018, we acquired the remaining 50% interest in The Outlets at Orange from our joint venture partner.  The Operating Partnership issued 475,183 units, or approximately $84.1 million, as consideration for the acquisition.  The property is subject to a $215.0 million 4.22% fixed rate mortgage.

Dispositions.  We may continue to pursue the disposition of properties that no longer meet our strategic criteria or that are not a primary retail venue within their trade area.

During the first nine months of 2019, we disposed of our interests in one multi-family residential investment. Our share of the gross proceeds on this transaction was $17.3 million. Our share of the gain of $15.6 million is included in other income in the accompanying consolidated statement of operation and comprehensive income. As discussed in note 6 of the condensed notes to our consolidated financial statements, Klépierre also disposed of its interest in certain shopping centers resulting in a gain, of which our share was $12.8 million.

During the first nine months of 2018, we recorded net gains of $144.9 million primarily related to our disposition activity which included the foreclosure of a consolidated property in satisfaction of its $200 million non-recourse mortgage. As discussed in note 6 of the condensed notes to our consolidated financial statements, Klépierre also disposed of its interests in certain shopping centers resulting in a gain, of which our share was $13.4 million.

Joint Venture Formation and Other Investment Activity

On October 16, 2019, we contributed approximately $276.8 million consisting of cash and the Shop Premium Outlets, or SPO, assets for a 45% noncontrolling interest in Rue Gilt Groupe, or RGG, to create a new multi-platform venture dedicated to digital value shopping.

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Development Activity

We routinely incur costs related to construction for significant redevelopment and expansion projects at our properties. Redevelopment and expansion projects, including the addition of anchors, big box tenants, restaurants, as well as office space and residential uses are underway at properties in the United States, Canada, Europe and Asia.

Our share of the costs of all new development, redevelopment and expansion projects currently under construction is approximately $1.8 billion. We expect to fund these capital projects with cash flows from operations. We seek a stabilized return on invested capital in the range of 7-10% for all of our new development, expansion and redevelopment projects.

Domestic Development Activity

During the quarter, construction started on a 338,000 square foot upscale outlet located in Jenks (Tulsa), Oklahoma, projected to open in spring of 2021.  Simon owns 100% of this project.

International Development Activity.  We typically reinvest net cash flow from our international joint ventures to fund future international development activity. We believe this strategy mitigates some of the risk of our initial investment and our exposure to changes in foreign currencies. We have also funded most of our foreign investments with local currency-denominated borrowings that act as a natural hedge against fluctuations in exchange rates. Our consolidated net income exposure to changes in the volatility of the Euro, Yen, Peso, Won, and other foreign currencies is not material. We expect our share of international development costs for 2019 to be approximately $227 million, primarily funded through reinvested joint venture cash flow and construction loans.

The following table describes these new development and expansion projects as well as our share of the estimated total cost as of September 30, 2019 (in millions):

		Gross	Our	Our Share of		Our Share of		Projected
		Leasable	Ownership	Projected Net Cost		Projected Net Cost		Opening
Property	Location	Area (sqft)	Percentage	(in Local Currency)		(in USD) (1)		Date
New Development Projects:
Premium Outlets Querétaro	Querétaro, Mexico	274,800	50%	MXN	441.7	$	22.4	Opened May - 2019
Málaga Designer Outlet	Málaga, Spain	191,000	46%	EUR	45.6	$	49.7	Q1 - 2020
Siam Premium Outlets Bangkok	Bangkok, Thailand	251,000	50%	THB	1,607	$	52.5	Apr. - 2020
West Midlands Designer Outlet	Cannock (West Midlands), England	197,000	20%	GBP	26.5	$	32.6	Oct. - 2020
Normandy Designer Outlet	Vernon (Normandy), France	229,000	81%	EUR	175.2	$	191.2	Jun. - 2021
Expansions:
Vancouver Designer Outlet Phase 2	Richmond (British Columbia), Canada	84,000	46%	CAD	26.9	$	20.3	Opened Aug. - 2019
Paju Premium Outlets Phase 3	Gyeonggi Province, South Korea	116,000	50%	KRW	26,905	$	22.4	Opened Aug. - 2019
Ashford Designer Outlet Phase 2	Ashford, England	98,000	46%	GBP	43.0	$	52.9	Opened Oct. - 2019
Noventa di Piave Designer Outlet Phase 5	Noventa di Piave (Venice), Italy	29,000	92%	EUR	21.4	$	23.4	Nov. - 2019
Tosu Premium Outlets Phase 4	Tosu City, Japan	38,000	40%	JPY	964	$	8.9	Nov. - 2019
Gotemba Premium Outlets Phase 4	Gotemba, Japan	178,000	40%	JPY	7,476	$	69.2	Apr. - 2020
Rinku Premium Outlets Phase 5	Izumisano (Osaka), Japan	110,000	40%	JPY	3,219	$	29.8	Jul. - 2020
La Reggia Designer Outlet Phase 3	Marcianise (Naples), Italy	58,000	92%	EUR	30.8	$	33.7	Oct. - 2020

(1) USD equivalent based upon September 30, 2019 foreign currency exchange rates.

Dividends, Distributions and Stock Repurchase Program

Simon paid a common stock dividend of $2.10 per share in the third quarter of 2019 and $6.20 per share for the nine months ended September 30, 2019.  The Operating Partnership paid distributions per unit for the same amounts.  We paid dividends of $2.00 and $5.90 per share for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018.  The Operating Partnership paid distributions per unit for the same amounts.  Simon’s Board of Directors declared a quarterly cash dividend for the fourth quarter of 2019 of $2.10 per share of common stock payable on November 29, 2019 to stockholders of record on November 15, 2019. The distribution rate on units is equal to the dividend rate on common stock. In order to maintain its status as a REIT, Simon must pay a minimum amount of dividends. Simon’s future dividends and the Operating Partnership’s future distributions will be determined by Simon’s Board of Directors, in its sole discretion, based on actual and projected financial condition, liquidity and results of operations, cash available for dividends and limited partner distributions, cash reserves as deemed necessary for capital and operating expenditures, financing covenants, if any, and the amount required to maintain Simon’s status as a REIT.

On February 13, 2017, Simon’s Board of Directors authorized a two-year extension of the previously authorized $2.0 billion common stock repurchase plan through March 31, 2019.  On February 11, 2019, Simon's Board of Directors authorized a new

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common stock repurchase plan.  Under the new plan, Simon may repurchase up to $2.0 billion of its common stock during the two-year period ending February 11, 2021 in the open market or in privately negotiated transactions as market conditions warrant.  During the nine months ended September 30, 2019, Simon purchased 2,247,074 shares at an average price of $160.11 per share, of which 46,377 shares at an average price of $164.49 were purchased as part of the previous program.  During the nine months ended September 30, 2018, Simon purchased 1,988,247 shares at an average price of $154.56 per share as part of the previous program.  As Simon repurchases shares under these programs, the Operating Partnership repurchases an equal number of units from Simon.

Forward-Looking Statements

Certain statements made in this section or elsewhere in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q may be deemed "forward-looking statements" within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. Although we believe the expectations reflected in any forward-looking statements are based on reasonable assumptions, we can give no assurance that our expectations will be attained, and it is possible that our actual results may differ materially from those indicated by these forward-looking statements due to a variety of risks, uncertainties and other factors. Such factors include, but are not limited to: changes in economic and market conditions that may adversely affect the general retail environment; the potential loss of anchor stores or major tenants; the inability to collect rent due to the bankruptcy or insolvency of tenants or otherwise; decreases in market rental rates; the intensely competitive market environment in the retail industry; the inability to lease newly developed properties and renew leases and relet space at existing properties on favorable terms; risks related to international activities, including, without limitation, the impact, if any, of the United Kingdom’s exit from the European Union; changes to applicable laws or regulations or the interpretation thereof; risks associated with the acquisition, development, redevelopment, expansion, leasing and management of properties; general risks related to real estate investments, including the illiquidity of real estate investments; the impact of our substantial indebtedness on our future operations; any disruption in the financial markets that may adversely affect our ability to access capital for growth and satisfy our ongoing debt service requirements; any change in our credit rating; changes in market rates of interest and foreign exchange rates for foreign currencies; changes in the value of our investments in foreign entities; our ability to hedge interest rate and currency risk; our continued ability to maintain our status as a REIT; changes in tax laws or regulations that result in adverse tax consequences; risks relating to our joint venture properties; environmental liabilities; changes in insurance costs, the availability of comprehensive insurance coverage; security breaches that could compromise our information technology or infrastructure; natural disasters; the potential for terrorist activities; the loss of key management personnel; and the transition of LIBOR to an alternative reference rate. We discussed these and other risks and uncertainties under the heading "Risk Factors" in the combined 2018 Annual Report on Form 10-K of Simon and the Operating Partnership and in this report. We may update that discussion in subsequent other periodic reports, but, except as required by law, we undertake no duty or obligation to update or revise these forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information, future developments, or otherwise.

Non-GAAP Financial Measures

Industry practice is to evaluate real estate properties in part based on performance measures such as FFO, diluted FFO per share, NOI, portfolio NOI and comparable property NOI. We believe that these non-GAAP measures are helpful to investors because they are widely recognized measures of the performance of REITs and provide a relevant basis for comparison among REITs. We also use these measures internally to measure the operating performance of our portfolio.

We determine FFO based upon the definition set forth by the National Association of Real Estate Investment Trusts (“NAREIT”) Funds From Operations White Paper – 2018 Restatement.  Our main business includes acquiring, owning, operating, developing, and redeveloping real estate in conjunction with the rental of real estate.  Gain and losses of assets incidental to our main business are included in FFO.  We determine FFO to be our share of consolidated net income computed in accordance with GAAP:

● excluding real estate related depreciation and amortization,

● excluding gains and losses from extraordinary items,

● excluding gains and losses from the sale, disposal or property insurance recoveries of, or any impairment related to, depreciable retail operating properties,

● plus the allocable portion of FFO of unconsolidated joint ventures based upon economic ownership interest, and

● all determined on a consistent basis in accordance with GAAP.

You should understand that our computations of these non-GAAP measures might not be comparable to similar measures reported by other REITs and that these non-GAAP measures:

● do not represent cash flow from operations as defined by GAAP,

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● should not be considered as an alternative to net income determined in accordance with GAAP as a measure of operating performance, and

● are not an alternative to cash flows as a measure of liquidity.

The following schedule reconciles total FFO to consolidated net income and, for Simon, diluted net income per share to diluted FFO per share.

	For the Three Months Ended						For the Nine Months Ended
	September 30,						September 30,
	2019			2018			2019			2018
	(in thousands)						(in thousands)
Funds from Operations	$	1,080,561		$	1,086,292		$	3,226,887		$	3,173,194
Change in FFO from prior period		(0.5)	%		4.9	%		1.7	%		9.2	%
Consolidated Net Income	$	628,724		$	642,212		$	1,832,772		$	1,989,150
Adjustments to Arrive at FFO:
Depreciation and amortization from consolidated properties		332,456			313,245			1,008,439			944,615
Our share of depreciation and amortization from unconsolidated entities, including Klépierre and HBS		138,116			131,573			412,018			403,777
Gain on sale or disposal of, or recovery on, assets and interests in unconsolidated entities and impairment, net		(10,141)			—			(12,822)			(144,949)
Unrealized (gains) losses in fair value of equity instruments		(2,154)			5,452			4,846			(1,212)
Net (income) loss attributable to noncontrolling interest holders in properties		(337)			(497)			181			(684)
Noncontrolling interests portion of depreciation and amortization		(4,790)			(4,380)			(14,608)			(13,564)
Preferred distributions and dividends		(1,313)			(1,313)			(3,939)			(3,939)
FFO of the Operating Partnership	$	1,080,561		$	1,086,292		$	3,226,887		$	3,173,194
FFO allocable to limited partners		142,727			142,710			425,123			416,694
Dilutive FFO allocable to common stockholders	$	937,834		$	943,582		$	2,801,764		$	2,756,500
Diluted net income per share to diluted FFO per share reconciliation:
Diluted net income per share	$	1.77		$	1.80		$	5.15		$	5.57
Depreciation and amortization from consolidated properties and our share of depreciation and amortization from unconsolidated entities, including Klépierre and HBS, net of noncontrolling interests portion of depreciation and amortization		1.32			1.23			3.97			3.74
Gain on sale or disposal of, or recovery on, assets and interests in unconsolidated entities and impairment, net		(0.03)			—			(0.04)			(0.41)
Unrealized (gains) losses in fair value of equity instruments		(0.01)			0.02			0.01			—
Diluted FFO per share	$	3.05		$	3.05		$	9.09		$	8.90
Basic and Diluted weighted average shares outstanding		307,275			309,294			308,314			309,740
Weighted average limited partnership units outstanding		46,763			46,779			46,782			46,822
Basic and Diluted weighted average shares and units outstanding		354,038			356,073			355,096			356,562

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The following schedule reconciles consolidated net income to NOI and sets forth the computations of portfolio NOI and comparable property NOI.

	For the Three Months Ended					For the Nine Months Ended
	September 30,					September 30,
	2019			2018		2019			2018
	(in thousands)					(in thousands)
Reconciliation of NOI of consolidated entities:
Consolidated Net Income	$	628,724		$	642,212	$	1,832,772		$	1,989,150
Income and other taxes		6,197			10,118		23,309			26,475
Interest expense		202,382			199,469		599,541			611,585
Income from unconsolidated entities		(119,706)			(134,408)		(316,691)			(325,263)
Unrealized (gains) losses in fair value of equity instruments		(2,154)			5,452		4,846			(1,212)
Gain on sale or disposal of, or recovery on, assets and interests in unconsolidated entities and impairment, net		(10,141)			—		(12,822)			(144,949)
Operating Income Before Other Items		705,302			722,843		2,130,955			2,155,786
Depreciation and amortization		334,944			316,175		1,016,193			953,309
Home and regional office costs		45,865			32,714		144,892			106,093
General and administrative		8,032			12,172		27,528			35,713
NOI of consolidated entities	$	1,094,143		$	1,083,904	$	3,319,568		$	3,250,901
Reconciliation of NOI of unconsolidated entities:
Net Income	$	214,149		$	207,599	$	651,752		$	616,211
Interest expense		159,971			163,855		473,914			505,540
Gain on sale or disposal of, or recovery on, assets and interests in unconsolidated entities, net		—			—		(21,587)			(25,792)
Operating Income Before Other Items		374,120			371,454		1,104,079			1,095,959
Depreciation and amortization		171,407			161,964		512,070			488,098
NOI of unconsolidated entities	$	545,527		$	533,418	$	1,616,149		$	1,584,057
Add: Our share of NOI from Klépierre, HBS, and other corporate investments		83,176			94,781		208,973			233,799
Combined NOI	$	1,722,846		$	1,712,103	$	5,144,690		$	5,068,757
Less: Corporate and Other NOI Sources (1)		115,215			125,288		378,491			375,302
Portfolio NOI	$	1,607,631		$	1,586,815	$	4,766,199		$	4,693,455
Portfolio NOI Growth		1.3	%				1.5	%
Less: Our share of NOI from Klépierre, HBS, and other corporate investments		83,176			83,025		208,973			212,460
Less: International Properties (2)		117,363			114,116		349,608			337,830
Less: NOI from New Development, Redevelopment, Expansion and Acquisitions (3)		45,090			49,427		135,051			140,605
Comparable Property NOI (4)	$	1,362,002		$	1,340,247	$	4,072,567		$	4,002,560
Comparable Property NOI Growth		1.6	%				1.7	%

(1) Includes income components excluded from portfolio NOI and comparable property NOI (domestic lease termination income, interest income, land sale gains, straight line lease income, above/below market lease adjustments), gains on sale of equity instruments, the results of our joint venture with Seritage, Northgate, Simon management company revenues, and other assets.

(2) Includes International Premium Outlets (except for Canadian International Premium Outlets included in comparable property NOI) and International Designer Outlets.

(3) Includes total property NOI for properties undergoing redevelopment as well as incremental NOI for expansion properties not yet included in comparable properties.

(4) Includes Malls, Premium Outlets, The Mills and Lifestyle Centers opened and operating as comparable for the period.

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Item 3.  Qualitative and Quantitative Disclosures About Market Risk

Sensitivity Analysis

We disclosed a qualitative and quantitative analysis regarding market risk in Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations included in the combined 2018 Annual Report on Form 10-K of Simon and the Operating Partnership. There have been no material changes in the assumptions used or results obtained regarding market risk since December 31, 2018.

Item 4.  Controls and Procedures

Simon

Management’s Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures

Simon maintains disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rule 13a-15(e) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”)) that are designed to provide reasonable assurance that information required to be disclosed in the reports that we file or submit under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the Securities and Exchange Commission’s, or the SEC’s, rules and forms, and that such information is accumulated and communicated to Simon’s management, including its Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosures. Because of inherent limitations, disclosure controls and procedures, no matter how well designed and operated, can provide only reasonable, and not absolute, assurance that the objectives of disclosure controls and procedures are met.

Our management, with the participation of Simon’s Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, evaluated the effectiveness of the design and operation of Simon’s disclosure controls and procedures as of September 30, 2019. Based on that evaluation, Simon’s Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer concluded that, as of September 30, 2019, Simon’s disclosure controls and procedures were effective at a reasonable assurance level.

Changes in Internal Control Over Financial Reporting

There have not been any changes in Simon’s internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Rule 13a-15(f) under the Exchange Act) that occurred during the quarter ended September 30, 2019 that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, Simon’s internal control over financial reporting.

The Operating Partnership

Management’s Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures

The Operating Partnership maintains disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rule 13a-15(e) under the Exchange Act) that are designed to provide reasonable assurance that information required to be disclosed in the reports that we file or submit under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the SEC’s rules and forms, and that such information is accumulated and communicated to our management, including Simon’s Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosures. Because of inherent limitations, disclosure controls and procedures, no matter how well designed and operated, can provide only reasonable, and not absolute, assurance that the objectives of disclosure controls and procedures are met.

Our management, with the participation of Simon’s Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, evaluated the effectiveness of the design and operation of the Operating Partnership’s disclosure controls and procedures as of September 30, 2019. Based on that evaluation, Simon’s Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer concluded that, as of September 30, 2019, the Operating Partnership’s disclosure controls and procedures were effective at a reasonable assurance level.

Changes in Internal Control Over Financial Reporting

There have not been any changes in the Operating Partnership’s internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Rule 13a-15(f) under the Exchange Act) that occurred during the quarter ended September 30, 2019 that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, the Operating Partnership’s internal control over financial reporting.

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Part II — Other Information

Item 1.  Legal Proceedings

We are involved from time-to-time in various legal and regulatory proceedings that arise in the ordinary course of our business, including, but not limited to, commercial disputes, environmental matters, and litigation in connection with transactions such as acquisitions and divestitures. We believe that our current proceedings will not have a material adverse effect on our financial condition, liquidity or results of operations. We record a liability when a loss is considered probable, and the amount can be reasonably estimated.

Item 1A.  Risk Factors

Through the period covered by this report, except as set forth below, there were no material changes to the Risk Factors disclosed under Item 1A. Risk Factors in Part I of the combined 2018 Annual Report on Form 10-K of Simon and the Operating Partnership.

We may be adversely affected by developments in the London Inter-bank Offered Rate (LIBOR) market, changes in the methods in which LIBOR is determined or the use of alternative reference rates.

As of September 30, 2019, approximately 2.2% or $580 million of our debt outstanding was indexed to LIBOR. In July 2017, the U.K. Financial Conduct Authority (the “FCA”), which regulates LIBOR, announced its intention to stop compelling banks to submit rates for the calculation of LIBOR after 2021. Accordingly, there is considerable uncertainty regarding the publication of LIBOR beyond 2021. The Federal Reserve Board convened the Alternative Reference Rates Committee (“ARRC”) to identify a set of alternative reference rates for possible use as market benchmarks. Based on the ARRC’s recommendation, the Federal Reserve Bank of New York began publishing the Secured Overnight Financing Rate (“SOFR”) and two other alternative rates beginning in April 2018. Since then, certain derivative products and debt securities tied to SOFR have been introduced, and a number of industry groups are developing transition plans to SOFR as the new market benchmark.

We are not able to predict whether LIBOR will actually cease to be available after 2021 or whether SOFR will become the market benchmark in its place. Any changes announced or adopted by the FCA or other authorities or institutions in the methods used for determining LIBOR or the transition from LIBOR to a successor benchmark may result in, among other things, a sudden or prolonged increase in LIBOR, a delay in the publication of LIBOR, higher interest obligations arising from such successor benchmark and changes in the rules or methodologies for determining LIBOR in the overall debt capital markets, which may discourage market participants from continuing to administer or to participate in variable rate debt tied to LIBOR or such successor benchmark. If LIBOR as determined in accordance with the terms of our particular debt is no longer available, whether before or after 2021, the interest rates on such debt would be determined using various alternative methods, any of which may result in interest obligations which are more than or do not otherwise correlate over time with the payments that would have been made on such debt if LIBOR was available in its current form. As a result, there can be no assurance that any of the aforementioned developments or changes will not result in financial market disruptions, significant increases in benchmark interest rates, substantially higher financing costs or a shortage of available debt financing, any of which could have an adverse effect on us, which currently would be limited by our relatively low exposure to variable rate LIBOR-based debt.

Item 2.  Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds

Simon

Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities

There were no unregistered sales of equity securities made by Simon during the quarter ended September 30, 2019.

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Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities

				Total number	Approximate
				of shares	value of shares
				purchased as	that may yet
	Total number	Average		part of publicly	be purchased
	of shares	price paid		announced	under
Period	purchased	per share		plans	plans (1)
July 1, 2019 - July 31, 2019	633,780	$	157.78	633,780	$	1,726,370,940
August 1, 2019 - August 31, 2019	520,337	$	150.89	520,337	$	1,647,855,354
September 1, 2019 - September 30, 2019	—	$	—	—	$	1,647,855,354
	1,154,117	$	154.68	1,154,117

(1) On February 13, 2017, Simon’s Board of Directors authorized a two-year extension of the previously authorized $2.0 billion common stock repurchase plan through March 31, 2019 and on February 11, 2019, Simon's Board of Directors authorized a new common stock repurchase plan.  Under the new plan, Simon may repurchase up to $2.0 billion of its common stock during the two-year period ending February 11, 2021 in the open market or in privately negotiated transactions.  As Simon repurchases shares under these plans, the Operating Partnership repurchases an equal number of units from Simon.

The Operating Partnership

Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities

There were no unregistered sales of equity securities made by the Operating Partnership during the quarter ended September 30, 2019.

Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities

Except in connection with Simon’s share purchases, there were no purchases of equity securities made by the Operating Partnership during the quarter ended September 30, 2019.

Item 3.  Defaults Upon Senior Securities

Not applicable.

Item 4.  Mine Safety Disclosures

Not applicable.

Item 5.  Other Information

During the quarter covered by this report, the Audit Committee of Simon’s Board of Directors approved certain audit, audit-related, and non-audit tax compliance and tax consulting services to be provided by Ernst & Young LLP, our independent registered public accounting firm. This disclosure is made pursuant to Section 10A(i)(2) of the Exchange Act as added by Section 202 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.

50

Item 6.  Exhibits

Exhibit Number	Exhibit Descriptions
31.1	Simon Property Group, Inc. — Certification by the Chief Executive Officer pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a)/15d-14(a) of the Exchange Act, as adopted pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
31.2	Simon Property Group, Inc. — Certification by the Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a)/15d-14(a) of the Exchange Act, as adopted pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
31.3	Simon Property Group, L.P. — Certification by the Chief Executive Officer pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a)/15d-14(a) of the Exchange Act, as adopted pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
31.4	Simon Property Group, L.P. — Certification by the Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a)/15d-14(a) of the Exchange Act, as adopted pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
32.1	Simon Property Group, Inc. — Certification by the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
32.2	Simon Property Group, L.P. — Certification by the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
101.INS	XBRL Instance Document – the instance document does not appear in the Interactive Data File because its XBRL tags are embedded within the Inline XBRL document.
101.SCH	Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document
101.CAL	Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document
101.LAB	Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document
101.PRE	Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document
101.DEF	Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document
104	Cover Page Interactive File (formatted as Inline XBRL and contained in Exhibit 101)

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SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, each registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.

SIMON PROPERTY GROUP, INC.

/s/ Brian J. McDade

Brian J. McDade

Executive Vice President, Chief Financial

Officer and Treasurer

Date: November 6, 2019

SIMON PROPERTY GROUP, L.P.

/s/ Brian J. McDade

Brian J. McDade

Executive Vice President, Chief Financial Officer and

Treasurer of Simon Property Group, Inc., General Partner

Date: November 6, 2019

52

EX-31.1

	
		
			spg_Ex31_1
		
	
	

EX-31.2

EXHIBIT 31.2

CERTIFICATION PURSUANT TO

RULE 13a‑14(a)/15d‑14(a)

OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934,

AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO

SECTION 302 OF THE SARBANES‑OXLEY ACT OF 2002

I, Brian J. McDade, certify that:

1. I have reviewed this quarterly report on Form 10‑Q of Simon Property Group, Inc.;

2. Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;

3. Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;

4. The registrant’s other certifying officer and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a‑15(e) and 15d‑15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act rules 13a‑15(f) and 15d‑15(f)) for the registrant and have:

(a) Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;

(b) Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;

(c) Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and

(d) Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and

5. The registrant’s other certifying officer and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):

(a) All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and

(b) Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting.

Date: November 6, 2019

/s/ Brian J. McDade

Brian J. McDade

Executive Vice President, Chief Financial

Officer and Treasurer

EX-31.3

	
		
			spg_Ex31_3
		
	
	

EX-32.1

	
		
			spg_Ex32_1
		
	
	

EX-32.2

	
		
			spg_Ex32_2
		
	
	

XML

Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Income - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2019	Sep. 30, 2018	Sep. 30, 2019	Sep. 30, 2018
REVENUE:
Lease income	$ 1,308,908		$ 3,887,532
Lease income		$ 1,284,674		$ 3,811,265
Management fees and other revenues	27,976	28,784	83,768	85,506
Other income	79,670	90,563	295,274	286,491
Total revenue	1,416,554	1,404,021	4,266,574	4,183,262
EXPENSES:
Property operating	121,735	119,021	339,404	335,420
Depreciation and amortization	334,944	316,175	1,016,193	953,309
Real estate taxes	118,031	119,315	349,404	344,950
Repairs and maintenance	23,979	23,632	73,752	73,507
Advertising and promotion	36,583	36,688	109,128	107,979
Home and regional office costs	45,865	32,714	144,892	106,093
General and administrative	8,032	12,172	27,528	35,713
Other	22,083	21,461	75,318	70,505
Total operating expenses	711,252	681,178	2,135,619	2,027,476
OPERATING INCOME BEFORE OTHER ITEMS	705,302	722,843	2,130,955	2,155,786
Interest expense	(202,382)	(199,469)	(599,541)	(611,585)
Income and other taxes	(6,197)	(10,118)	(23,309)	(26,475)
Income from unconsolidated entities	119,706	134,408	316,691	325,263
Unrealized gains (losses) in fair value of equity instruments	2,154	(5,452)	(4,846)	1,212
Gain on sale or disposal of, or recovery on, assets and interests in unconsolidated entities and impairment, net	10,141		12,822	144,949
CONSOLIDATED NET INCOME	628,724	642,212	1,832,772	1,989,150
Net income (loss) attributable to noncontrolling interests	83,636	85,111	242,216	262,722
Preferred dividends	834	834	2,503	2,503
NET INCOME ATTRIBUTABLE TO COMMON STOCKHOLDERS or UNITHOLDERS	$ 544,254	$ 556,267	$ 1,588,053	$ 1,723,925
BASIC AND DILUTED EARNINGS PER COMMON SHARE or UNIT:
Net income attributable to common stockholders or unitholders (in dollars per share or unit)	$ 1.77	$ 1.80	$ 5.15	$ 5.57
Consolidated Net Income	$ 628,724	$ 642,212	$ 1,832,772	$ 1,989,150
Unrealized gain (loss) on derivative hedge agreements	12,907	5,241	15,227	20,355
Net loss reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive loss into earnings	1,087	1,591	3,261	5,929
Currency translation adjustments	(6,288)	(10,763)	(14,656)	(35,797)
Changes in available-for-sale securities and other	468	(22)	1,151	(88)
Comprehensive income	636,898	638,259	1,837,755	1,979,549
Comprehensive income attributable to noncontrolling interests	84,662	84,466	242,778	261,260
Comprehensive income attributable to common stockholders or unitholders	552,236	553,793	1,594,977	1,718,289
Simon Property Group, L.P.
REVENUE:
Lease income	1,308,908		3,887,532
Lease income		1,284,674		3,811,265
Management fees and other revenues	27,976	28,784	83,768	85,506
Other income	79,670	90,563	295,274	286,491
Total revenue	1,416,554	1,404,021	4,266,574	4,183,262
EXPENSES:
Property operating	121,735	119,021	339,404	335,420
Depreciation and amortization	334,944	316,175	1,016,193	953,309
Real estate taxes	118,031	119,315	349,404	344,950
Repairs and maintenance	23,979	23,632	73,752	73,507
Advertising and promotion	36,583	36,688	109,128	107,979
Home and regional office costs	45,865	32,714	144,892	106,093
General and administrative	8,032	12,172	27,528	35,713
Other	22,083	21,461	75,318	70,505
Total operating expenses	711,252	681,178	2,135,619	2,027,476
OPERATING INCOME BEFORE OTHER ITEMS	705,302	722,843	2,130,955	2,155,786
Interest expense	(202,382)	(199,469)	(599,541)	(611,585)
Income and other taxes	(6,197)	(10,118)	(23,309)	(26,475)
Income from unconsolidated entities	119,706	134,408	316,691	325,263
Unrealized gains (losses) in fair value of equity instruments	2,154	(5,452)	(4,846)	1,212
Gain on sale or disposal of, or recovery on, assets and interests in unconsolidated entities and impairment, net	10,141		12,822	144,949
CONSOLIDATED NET INCOME	628,724	642,212	1,832,772	1,989,150
Net income (loss) attributable to noncontrolling interests	337	497	(181)	684
Preferred dividends	1,313	1,313	3,939	3,939
NET INCOME ATTRIBUTABLE TO COMMON STOCKHOLDERS or UNITHOLDERS	627,074	640,402	1,829,014	1,984,527
NET INCOME ATTRIBUTABLE TO UNITHOLDERS ATTRIBUTABLE TO:
General Partner	544,254	556,267	1,588,053	1,723,925
Limited Partners	$ 82,820	$ 84,135	$ 240,961	$ 260,602
BASIC AND DILUTED EARNINGS PER COMMON SHARE or UNIT:
Net income attributable to common stockholders or unitholders (in dollars per share or unit)	$ 1.77	$ 1.80	$ 5.15	$ 5.57
Consolidated Net Income	$ 628,724	$ 642,212	$ 1,832,772	$ 1,989,150
Unrealized gain (loss) on derivative hedge agreements	12,907	5,241	15,227	20,355
Net loss reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive loss into earnings	1,087	1,591	3,261	5,929
Currency translation adjustments	(6,288)	(10,763)	(14,656)	(35,797)
Changes in available-for-sale securities and other	468	(22)	1,151	(88)
Comprehensive income	636,898	638,259	1,837,755	1,979,549
Comprehensive income attributable to noncontrolling interests	333	318	907	1,063
Comprehensive income attributable to common stockholders or unitholders	$ 636,565	$ 637,941	$ 1,836,848	$ 1,978,486

XML

Organization

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2019

Organization

Organization

1. Organization

Simon Property Group, Inc. is a Delaware corporation that operates as a self-administered and self-managed real estate investment trust, or REIT, under the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended, or the Internal Revenue Code. REITs will generally not be liable for U.S. federal corporate income taxes as long as they distribute not less than 100% of their REIT taxable income.  Simon Property Group, L.P. is our majority-owned Delaware partnership subsidiary that owns all of our real estate properties and other assets.  According to the Operating Partnership’s partnership agreement, the Operating Partnership is required to pay all expenses of Simon.  In these condensed notes to the consolidated financial statements, unless stated otherwise or the context otherwise requires, references to "Simon" mean Simon Property Group, Inc. and references to the "Operating Partnership" mean Simon Property Group, L.P.  References to "we," "us" and "our" mean collectively Simon, the Operating Partnership and those entities/subsidiaries owned or controlled by Simon and/or the Operating Partnership.  Unless otherwise indicated, these condensed notes to consolidated financial statements apply to both Simon and the Operating Partnership.

We own, develop and manage premier shopping, dining, entertainment and mixed-use destinations, which consist primarily of malls, Premium Outlets^®, and The Mills^®. As of September 30, 2019, we owned or held an interest in 204 income-producing properties in the United States, which consisted of 106 malls, 69 Premium Outlets, 14 Mills, four lifestyle centers, and 11 other retail properties in 37 states and Puerto Rico. Internationally, as of September 30, 2019, we had ownership in 29 Premium Outlets and Designer Outlet properties primarily located in Asia, Europe, and Canada. As of September 30, 2019, we also owned a 21.9% equity stake in Klépierre SA, or Klépierre, a publicly traded, Paris-based real estate company which owns, or has an interest in, shopping centers located in 16 countries in Europe.

XML

Commitments and Contingencies - Hurricane Impacts (Details) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended			9 Months Ended		24 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2019 USD ($)	Sep. 30, 2018 USD ($)	Sep. 30, 2017 property	Sep. 30, 2019 USD ($)	Sep. 30, 2018 USD ($)	Sep. 30, 2019 USD ($)
Hurricane Impact
Insurance proceeds recorded as business interruption				$ 3,787	$ 16,160
Loss from Catastrophes | PUERTO RICO | Wholly owned properties
Hurricane Impact
Number of properties significantly damaged | property			2
Total insurance proceeds received						$ 70,700
Insurance proceeds received and used for property restoration and remediation						$ 43,600
Loss from Catastrophes | PUERTO RICO | Wholly owned properties | Other income
Hurricane Impact
Insurance proceeds recorded as business interruption	$ 1,600	$ 17,000		$ 9,200	$ 17,000

XML

Investments in Unconsolidated Entities and International Investments - Real Estate Joint Ventures and Investments (Details) $ in Millions	Sep. 30, 2019 USD ($) property	Dec. 31, 2018 USD ($)
Investment in Unconsolidated Entities
Total number of joint venture properties | property	82
Construction and other related party loans
Investment in Unconsolidated Entities
Loans to related party | $	$ 85.7	$ 85.8

XML

Summary of Significant Accounting Policies - Derivative Financial Instruments (Details) € in Millions, $ in Millions	Sep. 30, 2019 EUR (€) DerivativeInstrument	Sep. 30, 2019 USD ($) DerivativeInstrument	Dec. 31, 2018 EUR (€) DerivativeInstrument	Dec. 31, 2018 USD ($) DerivativeInstrument	Sep. 30, 2018 EUR (€)	Sep. 30, 2018 USD ($)
Interest rate swap | Designated as Hedging Instrument
Derivative Financial Instruments
Number of Instruments | DerivativeInstrument	0	0	0	0
USD-Euro currency forward contract | May 15, 2019 | Net Investment Hedging | Designated as Hedging Instrument
Derivative Financial Instruments
Notional Amount | €			€ 50.0
Forward contract net, fair value				$ (0.8)
USD-Euro currency forward contract | October 2, 2019 | Net Investment Hedging | Designated as Hedging Instrument
Derivative Financial Instruments
Notional Amount | €	€ 375.0
Forward contract net, fair value		$ (6.0)
USD-Euro currency forward contract | December 18, 2019 | Net Investment Hedging | Designated as Hedging Instrument
Derivative Financial Instruments
Notional Amount | €	100.0
Forward contract net, fair value		1.0
USD-Euro currency forward contract | December 18, 2019 | Net Investment Hedging | Designated as Hedging Instrument
Derivative Financial Instruments
Notional Amount | €	100.0
Forward contract net, fair value		1.0
USD-Euro currency forward contract | December 18, 2019 | Net Investment Hedging | Designated as Hedging Instrument
Derivative Financial Instruments
Notional Amount | €	100.0
Forward contract net, fair value		1.0
USD-Euro currency forward contract | May 15, 2020 | Net Investment Hedging | Designated as Hedging Instrument
Derivative Financial Instruments
Notional Amount | €	50.0		50.0
Forward contract net, fair value		2.7		(1.5)
USD-Euro currency forward contract | May 14, 2021 | Net Investment Hedging | Designated as Hedging Instrument
Derivative Financial Instruments
Notional Amount | €	€ 50.0		€ 50.0
Forward contract net, fair value		2.4		(2.0)
US denominated cross currency swap | Net Investment Hedging | Designated as Hedging Instrument
Derivative Financial Instruments
Notional Amount						$ 150.0
Swapping interest rate					4.38%	4.38%
Euro denominated cross currency swap | Net Investment Hedging | Designated as Hedging Instrument
Derivative Financial Instruments
Notional Amount | €					€ 121.6
Fixed exchange rate					1.37%	1.37%
Euro denominated cross currency swap | Deferred costs and other assets | Net Investment Hedging | Designated as Hedging Instrument
Derivative Financial Instruments
Interest rate derivative asset, fair value		18.7		10.9
Simon Property Group, L.P.
Derivative Financial Instruments
Gross accumulated other comprehensive income related to derivative activities		$ 56.4		$ 37.9

XML

Significant Accounting Policies

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2019

Significant Accounting Policies

Significant Accounting Policies

3. Significant Accounting Policies

Cash and Cash Equivalents

We consider all highly liquid investments purchased with an original maturity of 90 days or less to be cash and cash equivalents. Cash equivalents are carried at cost, which approximates fair value. Cash equivalents generally consist of commercial paper, bankers’ acceptances, Eurodollars, repurchase agreements, and money market deposits or securities. Financial instruments that potentially subject us to concentrations of credit risk include our cash and cash equivalents and our trade accounts receivable. We place our cash and cash equivalents with institutions of high credit quality. However, at certain times, such cash and cash equivalents are in excess of Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation and Securities Investor Protection Corporation insurance limits.

Equity Instruments and Debt Securities

Equity instruments and debt securities consist primarily of the debt securities of our captive insurance subsidiary, equity instruments, our deferred compensation plan investments, and certain investments held to fund the debt service requirements of debt previously secured by investment properties. At September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018, we had equity instruments with readily determinable fair values of $75.6 million and $78.1 million, respectively.  Effective January 1, 2018, changes in fair value of these equity instruments are recorded in earnings. We recognized a cumulative effect adjustment of $7.3 million as of January 1, 2018 to reclassify unrealized gains previously reported in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) as a result of the adoption of Accounting Standards Update (ASU) 2016-01, “Financial Instruments – Overall: Recognition and Measurement of Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities.” Non-cash mark-to-market adjustments related to an investment we hold in units of a publicly traded real estate investment trust are included in unrealized gains (losses) in fair value of equity instruments in our consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income. Non-cash mark-to-market adjustments related to other securities with readily determinable fair values for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018 were not significant. At September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018, we had equity instruments without readily determinable fair values of $295.3 million and $175.7 million, respectively, for which we have elected the measurement alternative under this guidance.  We regularly evaluate these investments for any impairment in their estimated fair value, as well as any observable price changes for an identical or similar equity instrument of the same issuer, and determined that no material adjustment in the carrying value was required for the three or nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018.

Our deferred compensation plan equity instruments are valued based upon quoted market prices. The investments have a matching liability as the amounts are fully payable to the employees that earned the compensation. Changes in value of these securities and changes to the matching liability to employees are both recognized in earnings and, as a result, there is no impact to consolidated net income.

At September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018, we held debt securities of $50.9 million and $40.1 million, respectively, in our captive insurance subsidiary. The types of securities included in the investment portfolio of our captive insurance subsidiary are typically U.S. Treasury or other U.S. government securities as well as corporate debt securities with maturities ranging from less than one year to ten years. These securities are classified as available-for-sale and are valued based upon quoted market prices or other observable inputs when quoted market prices are not available. The amortized cost of debt securities, which approximates fair value, held by our captive insurance subsidiary is adjusted for amortization of premiums and accretion of discounts to maturity. Changes in the values of these securities are recognized in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) until the gain or loss is realized or until any unrealized loss is deemed to be other-than-temporary. We review any declines in value

of these securities for other-than-temporary impairment and consider the severity and duration of any decline in value. To the extent an other-than-temporary impairment is deemed to have occurred, an impairment is recorded and a new cost basis is established.

Our captive insurance subsidiary is required to maintain statutory minimum capital and surplus as well as maintain a minimum liquidity ratio. Therefore, our access to these securities may be limited.

Fair Value Measurements

Level 1 fair value inputs are quoted prices for identical items in active, liquid and visible markets such as stock exchanges.  Level 2 fair value inputs are observable information for similar items in active or inactive markets, and appropriately consider counterparty creditworthiness in the valuations.  Level 3 fair value inputs reflect our best estimate of inputs and assumptions market participants would use in pricing an asset or liability at the measurement date.  The inputs are unobservable in the market and significant to the valuation estimate.  We have no investments for which fair value is measured on a recurring basis using Level 3 inputs.

The equity instruments with readily determinable fair values we held at September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018 were primarily classified as having Level 1 and Level 2 fair value inputs. In addition, we had derivative instruments which were classified as having Level 2 inputs, which consist primarily of foreign currency forward contracts and interest rate swap agreements with a gross asset balance of $26.8 million and $10.9 million at September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018, respectively, and a gross liability balance of $6.0 million and $6.2 million at September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018, respectively.

Note 7 includes a discussion of the fair value of debt measured using Level 2 inputs.  Level 3 inputs to our purchase accounting and impairment analyses include our estimations of net operating results of the property, capitalization rates and discount rates.

Noncontrolling Interests

Simon

Details of the carrying amount of our noncontrolling interests are as follows:

	As of		As of
	September 30,		December 31,
	2019		2018
Limited partners’ interests in the Operating Partnership	$	400,716	$	492,877
Nonredeemable noncontrolling interests in properties, net		6,907		7,398
Total noncontrolling interests reflected in equity	$	407,623	$	500,275

Net income attributable to noncontrolling interests (which includes nonredeemable and redeemable noncontrolling interests in consolidated properties, limited partners’ interests in the Operating Partnership and preferred distributions payable by the Operating Partnership on its outstanding preferred units) is a component of consolidated net income. In addition, the individual components of other comprehensive income (loss) are presented in the aggregate for both controlling and noncontrolling interests, with the portion attributable to noncontrolling interests deducted from comprehensive income attributable to common stockholders.

The Operating Partnership

Our evaluation of the appropriateness of classifying the Operating Partnership’s common units of partnership interest, or units, held by Simon and the Operating Partnership's limited partners within permanent equity considered several significant factors. First, as a limited partnership, all decisions relating to the Operating Partnership’s operations and distributions are made by Simon, acting as the Operating Partnership’s sole general partner. The decisions of the general partner are made by Simon's

Board of Directors or management. The Operating Partnership has no other governance structure. Secondly, the sole asset of Simon is its interest in the Operating Partnership. As a result, a share of common stock of Simon, or common stock, if owned by the Operating Partnership, is best characterized as being similar to a treasury share and thus not an asset of the Operating Partnership.

Limited partners of the Operating Partnership have the right under the Operating Partnership’s partnership agreement to exchange their units for shares of common stock or cash, as selected by Simon as the sole general partner. Accordingly, we classify units held by limited partners in permanent equity because Simon may elect to issue shares of common stock to limited partners exercising their exchange rights rather than using cash. Under the Operating Partnership’s partnership agreement, the Operating Partnership is required to redeem units held by Simon only when Simon has repurchased shares of common stock. We classify units held by Simon in permanent equity because the decision to redeem those units would be made by Simon.

Net income attributable to noncontrolling interests (which includes nonredeemable and redeemable noncontrolling interests in consolidated properties) is a component of consolidated net income.

Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)

Simon

The reclassifications out of accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) consisted of the following during the three and nine months ended September 30:

	For the Three Months Ended				For the Nine Months Ended
	September 30,				September 30,				Affected line item where
	2019		2018		2019		2018		net income is presented
Accumulated derivative losses, net	$	(1,087)	$	(1,591)	$	(3,261)	$	(5,929)	Interest expense
		144		215		431		785	Net income attributable to noncontrolling interests
	$	(943)	$	(1,376)	$	(2,830)	$	(5,144)

The Operating Partnership

The reclassifications out of accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) consisted of the following during the three and nine months ended September 30:

	For the Three Months Ended				For the Nine Months Ended
	September 30,				September 30,				Affected line item where
	2019		2018		2019		2018		net income is presented
Accumulated derivative losses, net	$	(1,087)	$	(1,591)	$	(3,261)	$	(5,929)	Interest expense

Derivative Financial Instruments

We record all derivatives on our consolidated balance sheets at fair value. The accounting for changes in the fair value of derivatives depends on the intended use of the derivative, whether we have designated a derivative as a hedge and whether the hedging relationship has satisfied the criteria necessary to apply hedge accounting. We may use a variety of derivative financial instruments in the normal course of business to selectively manage or hedge a portion of the risks associated with our indebtedness and interest payments. Our objectives in using interest rate derivatives are to add stability to interest expense and to manage our exposure to interest rate movements. To accomplish this objective, we primarily use interest rate swaps and caps. We require that hedging derivative instruments be highly effective in reducing the risk exposure that they are designated to hedge. We formally designate any instrument that meets these hedging criteria as a hedge at the inception of the derivative contract.

As of September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018, we had no outstanding interest rate derivatives. We generally do not apply hedge accounting to interest rate caps, which had a nominal value as of September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018, respectively.

We are also exposed to fluctuations in foreign exchange rates on financial instruments which are denominated in foreign currencies, primarily in Yen and Euro. We use currency forward contracts, cross currency swap contracts and foreign currency denominated debt to manage our exposure to changes in foreign exchange rates on certain Yen and Euro-denominated receivables and net investments. Currency forward contracts involve fixing the Yen:USD or Euro:USD exchange rate for delivery of a specified amount of foreign currency on a specified date. The currency forward contracts are typically cash settled in U.S. dollars for their fair value at or close to their settlement date.

We had the following Euro:USD forward contracts designated as net investment hedges at September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018 (in millions):

			Asset (Liability) Value as of
			September 30,		December 31,
Notional Value		Maturity Date	2019		2018
€	50.0	May 15, 2019		—		(0.8)
€	375.0	October 2, 2019		(6.0)		—
€	100.0	December 18, 2019		1.0		—
€	100.0	December 18, 2019		1.0		—
€	100.0	December 18, 2019		1.0		—
€	50.0	May 15, 2020		2.7		(1.5)
€	50.0	May 14, 2021		2.4		(2.0)

Asset balances in the above table are included in deferred costs and other assets. Liability balances in the above table are included in other liabilities.

We use a Euro-denominated cross-currency swap agreement to manage our exposure to changes in foreign exchange rates by swapping $150.0 million of 4.38% fixed rate U.S. dollar-denominated debt to 1.37% fixed rate Euro-denominated debt of €121.6 million. The cross-currency swap matures on December 1, 2020. The fair value of our cross-currency swap agreement at September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018 was $18.7 million and $10.9 million, respectively, and is included in deferred costs and other assets.

We have designated certain currency forward contracts and the cross-currency swap as net investment hedges. Accordingly, we report the changes in fair value in other comprehensive income (loss). Changes in the value of these forward contracts are offset by changes in the underlying hedged Euro-denominated joint venture investment.

The total gross accumulated other comprehensive income related to the Operating Partnership’s derivative activities, including our share of the other comprehensive income from unconsolidated entities, approximated $56.4 million and $37.9 million as of September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018, respectively.

New Accounting Pronouncements

In February 2016, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) issued ASU 2016-02, "Leases," codified as Accounting Standards Codification (ASC) 842, which results in lessees recognizing most leased assets and corresponding lease liabilities on the balance sheet.  Lessor accounting remains substantially similar to the previous accounting; however, certain refinements were made to conform the standard with the recently issued revenue recognition guidance in ASU 2014-09, “Revenue From Contracts With Customers”, specifically related to the allocation and recognition of contract consideration earned from lease and non-lease revenue components. ASC 842 also limits the capitalization of leasing costs to initial direct costs, which, if applied in 2018, would have reduced our capitalized leasing costs and correspondingly increased expenses by approximately $45 million, of which $11.8 million and $34.1 million related to the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018, respectively.

Substantially all of our revenues and the revenues of our equity method investments are earned from arrangements that are within the scope of ASC 842. On July 30, 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-11, also codified as ASC 842, which created a practical expedient that provides lessors an option not to separate lease and non-lease components when certain criteria are met and instead account for those components as a single lease component.  We determined that our lease arrangements meet the criteria under the practical expedient to account for lease and non-lease components as a single lease component, which alleviates the requirement upon adoption of ASC 842 that we reallocate or separately present consideration from lease and non-lease components. On January 1, 2019, we began recognizing consideration received from fixed common area maintenance arrangements on a straight-line basis as this consideration is attributed to the lease component.  

We, as a lessor, retain substantially all of the risks and benefits of ownership of the investment properties and continue to account for our leases as operating leases. We accrue fixed lease income on a straight-line basis over the terms of the leases. Substantially all of our retail tenants are also required to pay overage rents based on sales over a stated base amount during the lease year. We recognize this variable lease consideration only when each tenant’s sales exceed the applicable sales threshold. We amortize any tenant inducements as a reduction of revenue utilizing the straight-line method over the term of the related lease or occupancy term of the tenant, if shorter.

We structure our leases to allow us to recover a significant portion of our property operating, real estate taxes, repairs and maintenance, and advertising and promotion expenses from our tenants. A substantial portion of our leases, other than those for anchor stores, require the tenant to reimburse us for a substantial portion of our operating expenses, including common area maintenance, or CAM, real estate taxes and insurance. This significantly reduces our exposure to increases in costs and operating expenses resulting from inflation or otherwise. Such property operating expenses typically include utility, insurance, security, janitorial, landscaping, food court and other administrative expenses. For substantially all of our leases in the U.S. mall portfolio, we receive a fixed payment from the tenant for the CAM component which is recognized as revenue on a straight-line basis over the term of the lease. When not reimbursed by the fixed-CAM component, CAM expense reimbursements are based on the tenant’s proportionate share of the allocable operating expenses and CAM capital expenditures for the property. We accrue reimbursements from tenants for recoverable portions of all of these expenses as variable lease consideration in the period the applicable expenditures are incurred. We recognize differences between estimated recoveries and the final billed amounts in the subsequent year. These differences were not material in any period presented. Our advertising and promotional costs are expensed as incurred.  Provisions for credit losses are recognized as a reduction of lease income.  Refer to note 9 for further disclosure of lease income.

Minimum fixed lease consideration under non-cancelable tenant operating leases for each of the next five years and thereafter, excluding variable lease consideration, for the years ending December 31, as of September 30, 2019, is as follows:

2019	$	3,706,042
2020		3,482,815
2021		3,104,755
2022		2,705,820
2023		2,238,693
Thereafter		6,157,395
	$	21,395,520

Further, ASC 842 requires recognition on our consolidated balance sheets of leases of land and other arrangements where we are the lessee. Upon adoption on January 1, 2019, we recognized a right of use asset and corresponding lease liability of $524.0 million representing the present value of future lease payments required under our lessee arrangements. We utilized lease terms ranging from 2019 to 2090 including periods for which exercising an extension option is reasonably assured, and discount rates from 3.97% to 5.52% when determining the present value of future lease payments. All of our existing lessee arrangements upon adoption continue to be classified as operating leases and the pattern of lease expense recognition will be unchanged. Refer to note 10 for further disclosure regarding ground leases recognized as a result of the adoption of ASC 842.

In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-13, "Financial Instruments - Credit Losses," which introduced new guidance for an approach based on expected losses to estimate credit losses on certain types of financial instruments. It also modifies the impairment model for available-for-sale debt securities and provides for a simplified accounting model for purchased financial assets with credit deterioration since their origination. Instruments in scope include loans, held-to-maturity debt securities, and net investments in leases as well as reinsurance and trade receivables. In November 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-19, which clarifies that operating lease receivables are outside the scope of the new standard. This standard will be effective for us in fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019. We are currently evaluating the impact that the adoption of the new standard will have on our consolidated financial statements.

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Debt

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2019

Debt

Debt

7. Debt

Unsecured Debt

At September 30, 2019, our unsecured debt consisted of $18.4 billion of senior unsecured notes of the Operating Partnership, $125.0 million outstanding under the Operating Partnership’s $4.0 billion unsecured revolving credit facility, or Credit Facility, and $1.3 billion outstanding under the Operating Partnership’s global unsecured commercial paper note program, or Commercial Paper program.

On September 30, 2019, we had an aggregate available borrowing capacity of $6.1 billion under the Credit Facility and the Operating Partnership’s $3.5 billion unsecured revolving credit facility, or Supplemental Facility, and together with the Credit Facility, the Credit Facilities. The maximum aggregate outstanding balance under the Credit Facilities during the nine months ended September 30, 2019 was $130.7 million and the weighted average outstanding balance was $125.1 million. Letters of credit of $11.3 million were outstanding under the Credit Facilities as of September 30, 2019.

The Credit Facility’s initial borrowing capacity of $4.0 billion may be increased to $5.0 billion during its term and provides for borrowings denominated in U.S. dollars, Euro, Yen, Sterling, Canadian dollars and Australian dollars. Borrowings in currencies other than the U.S. dollar are limited to 95% of the maximum revolving credit amount, as defined. The initial maturity date of the Credit Facility is June 30, 2021 and can be extended for an additional year to June 30, 2022 at our sole option, subject to our continued compliance with the terms thereof. The base interest rate on the Credit Facility is LIBOR plus 77.5 basis points with a facility fee of 10 basis points.

The Supplemental Facility’s initial borrowing capacity of $3.5 billion may be increased to $4.5 billion during its term and provides for borrowings denominated in U.S. dollars, Euro, Yen, Sterling, Canadian dollars and Australian dollars. The initial maturity date of the Supplemental Facility was extended to June 30, 2022 and can be extended for an additional year to June 30, 2023 at our sole option, subject to our continued compliance with the terms thereof. The base interest rate on the Supplemental Facility is LIBOR plus 77.5 basis points with a facility fee of 10 basis points.

The Operating Partnership also has available a Commercial Paper program of $2.0 billion, or the non-U.S. dollar equivalent thereof.  The Operating Partnership may issue unsecured commercial paper notes, denominated in U.S. dollars, Euro and other currencies. Notes issued in non-U.S. currencies may be issued by one or more subsidiaries of the Operating Partnership and are guaranteed by the Operating Partnership. Notes will be sold under customary terms in the U.S. and Euro commercial paper note markets and rank (either by themselves or as a result of the guarantee described above) pari passu with the Operating Partnership’s other unsecured senior indebtedness. The Commercial Paper program is supported by the Credit Facilities and if necessary or appropriate, we may make one or more draws under either of the Credit Facilities to pay amounts outstanding from time to time on the Commercial Paper program. On September 30, 2019, we had $1.3 billion outstanding under the Commercial Paper program, comprised of $1.1 billion of U.S. dollar-denominated notes and $180.1 million (U.S. dollar equivalent) of Euro-denominated notes with weighted average interest rates of 2.16% and (0.34)%, respectively. These borrowings have weighted average maturity dates of December 18, 2019 and October 31, 2019, respectively, and reduce amounts otherwise available under the Credit Facilities.

On February 1, 2019, the Operating Partnership repaid at maturity $600.0 million of senior unsecured notes with a fixed interest rate of 2.20%.

On September 13, 2019 the Operating Partnership completed the issuance of the following senior unsecured notes: $1.0 billion with a fixed interest rate of 2.00%, $1.25 billion with a fixed interest rate of 2.45%, and $1.25 billion with a fixed interest rate of 3.25%, with maturity dates of September 13 of 2024, 2029, and 2049, respectively. Proceeds from the unsecured notes offering funded the early redemption of senior unsecured notes in October 2019, as discussed below, and repaid a portion of the indebtedness outstanding under the Commercial Paper program.

On October 7, 2019, the Operating Partnership completed the early redemption of its $900 million 4.375% notes due March 1, 2021, $700 million 4.125% notes due December 1, 2021, $600 million 3.375% notes due March 15, 2022 and €375 million of the €750 million 2.375% notes due October 2, 2020.  We recorded a $116.2 million loss on extinguishment of debt in the fourth quarter as a result of the early redemption.

Mortgage Debt

Total mortgage indebtedness was $6.8 billion at September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018.

Covenants

Our unsecured debt agreements contain financial covenants and other non-financial covenants. If we were to fail to comply with these covenants, after the expiration of the applicable cure periods, the debt maturity could be accelerated or other remedies could be sought by the lender, including adjustments to the applicable interest rate. As of September 30, 2019, we were in compliance with all covenants of our unsecured debt.

At September 30, 2019, our consolidated subsidiaries were the borrowers under 46 non-recourse mortgage notes secured by mortgages on 49 properties and other assets, including two separate pools of cross-defaulted and cross-collateralized mortgages encumbering a total of five properties. Under these cross-default provisions, a default under any mortgage included in the cross-defaulted pool may constitute a default under all mortgages within that pool and may lead to acceleration of the indebtedness due on each property within the pool. Certain of our secured debt instruments contain financial and other non-financial covenants which are specific to the properties that serve as collateral for that debt. If the applicable borrower under these non-recourse mortgage notes were to fail to comply with these covenants, the lender could accelerate the debt and enforce its rights against their collateral. At September 30, 2019, the applicable borrowers under these non-recourse mortgage notes were in compliance with all covenants where non-compliance could individually or in the aggregate, giving effect to applicable cross-default provisions, have a material adverse effect on our financial condition, liquidity or results of operations.

Fair Value of Debt

The carrying value of our variable-rate mortgages and other loans approximates their fair values. We estimate the fair values of consolidated fixed rate mortgages using cash flows discounted at current borrowing rates and other indebtedness using cash flows discounted at current market rates. We estimate the fair values of consolidated fixed rate unsecured notes using quoted market prices, or, if no quoted market prices are available, we use quoted market prices for securities with similar terms and maturities. The book value of our consolidated fixed rate mortgages and unsecured indebtedness including commercial paper was $25.7 billion and $22.4 billion as of September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018, respectively. The fair values of these financial instruments and the related discount rate assumptions as of September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018 are summarized as follows:

	September 30,			December 31,
	2019			2018
Fair value of consolidated fixed rate mortgages and unsecured indebtedness	$	26,844		$	22,323
Weighted average discount rates assumed in calculation of fair value for fixed rate mortgages		3.62	%		4.55	%
Weighted average discount rates assumed in calculation of fair value for unsecured indebtedness		3.57	%		4.50	%

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Significant Accounting Policies (Policies)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2019

Significant Accounting Policies

Cash and Cash Equivalents

Cash and Cash Equivalents

We consider all highly liquid investments purchased with an original maturity of 90 days or less to be cash and cash equivalents. Cash equivalents are carried at cost, which approximates fair value. Cash equivalents generally consist of commercial paper, bankers’ acceptances, Eurodollars, repurchase agreements, and money market deposits or securities. Financial instruments that potentially subject us to concentrations of credit risk include our cash and cash equivalents and our trade accounts receivable. We place our cash and cash equivalents with institutions of high credit quality. However, at certain times, such cash and cash equivalents are in excess of Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation and Securities Investor Protection Corporation insurance limits.

Equity Instruments and Debt Securities

Equity Instruments and Debt Securities

Equity instruments and debt securities consist primarily of the debt securities of our captive insurance subsidiary, equity instruments, our deferred compensation plan investments, and certain investments held to fund the debt service requirements of debt previously secured by investment properties. At September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018, we had equity instruments with readily determinable fair values of $75.6 million and $78.1 million, respectively.  Effective January 1, 2018, changes in fair value of these equity instruments are recorded in earnings. We recognized a cumulative effect adjustment of $7.3 million as of January 1, 2018 to reclassify unrealized gains previously reported in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) as a result of the adoption of Accounting Standards Update (ASU) 2016-01, “Financial Instruments – Overall: Recognition and Measurement of Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities.” Non-cash mark-to-market adjustments related to an investment we hold in units of a publicly traded real estate investment trust are included in unrealized gains (losses) in fair value of equity instruments in our consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income. Non-cash mark-to-market adjustments related to other securities with readily determinable fair values for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018 were not significant. At September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018, we had equity instruments without readily determinable fair values of $295.3 million and $175.7 million, respectively, for which we have elected the measurement alternative under this guidance.  We regularly evaluate these investments for any impairment in their estimated fair value, as well as any observable price changes for an identical or similar equity instrument of the same issuer, and determined that no material adjustment in the carrying value was required for the three or nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018.

Our deferred compensation plan equity instruments are valued based upon quoted market prices. The investments have a matching liability as the amounts are fully payable to the employees that earned the compensation. Changes in value of these securities and changes to the matching liability to employees are both recognized in earnings and, as a result, there is no impact to consolidated net income.

At September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018, we held debt securities of $50.9 million and $40.1 million, respectively, in our captive insurance subsidiary. The types of securities included in the investment portfolio of our captive insurance subsidiary are typically U.S. Treasury or other U.S. government securities as well as corporate debt securities with maturities ranging from less than one year to ten years. These securities are classified as available-for-sale and are valued based upon quoted market prices or other observable inputs when quoted market prices are not available. The amortized cost of debt securities, which approximates fair value, held by our captive insurance subsidiary is adjusted for amortization of premiums and accretion of discounts to maturity. Changes in the values of these securities are recognized in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) until the gain or loss is realized or until any unrealized loss is deemed to be other-than-temporary. We review any declines in value

of these securities for other-than-temporary impairment and consider the severity and duration of any decline in value. To the extent an other-than-temporary impairment is deemed to have occurred, an impairment is recorded and a new cost basis is established.

Our captive insurance subsidiary is required to maintain statutory minimum capital and surplus as well as maintain a minimum liquidity ratio. Therefore, our access to these securities may be limited.

Fair Value Measurements

Fair Value Measurements

Level 1 fair value inputs are quoted prices for identical items in active, liquid and visible markets such as stock exchanges.  Level 2 fair value inputs are observable information for similar items in active or inactive markets, and appropriately consider counterparty creditworthiness in the valuations.  Level 3 fair value inputs reflect our best estimate of inputs and assumptions market participants would use in pricing an asset or liability at the measurement date.  The inputs are unobservable in the market and significant to the valuation estimate.  We have no investments for which fair value is measured on a recurring basis using Level 3 inputs.

The equity instruments with readily determinable fair values we held at September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018 were primarily classified as having Level 1 and Level 2 fair value inputs. In addition, we had derivative instruments which were classified as having Level 2 inputs, which consist primarily of foreign currency forward contracts and interest rate swap agreements with a gross asset balance of $26.8 million and $10.9 million at September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018, respectively, and a gross liability balance of $6.0 million and $6.2 million at September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018, respectively.

Note 7 includes a discussion of the fair value of debt measured using Level 2 inputs.  Level 3 inputs to our purchase accounting and impairment analyses include our estimations of net operating results of the property, capitalization rates and discount rates.

Noncontrolling Interests

Noncontrolling Interests

Simon

Details of the carrying amount of our noncontrolling interests are as follows:

	As of		As of
	September 30,		December 31,
	2019		2018
Limited partners’ interests in the Operating Partnership	$	400,716	$	492,877
Nonredeemable noncontrolling interests in properties, net		6,907		7,398
Total noncontrolling interests reflected in equity	$	407,623	$	500,275

Net income attributable to noncontrolling interests (which includes nonredeemable and redeemable noncontrolling interests in consolidated properties, limited partners’ interests in the Operating Partnership and preferred distributions payable by the Operating Partnership on its outstanding preferred units) is a component of consolidated net income. In addition, the individual components of other comprehensive income (loss) are presented in the aggregate for both controlling and noncontrolling interests, with the portion attributable to noncontrolling interests deducted from comprehensive income attributable to common stockholders.

The Operating Partnership

Our evaluation of the appropriateness of classifying the Operating Partnership’s common units of partnership interest, or units, held by Simon and the Operating Partnership's limited partners within permanent equity considered several significant factors. First, as a limited partnership, all decisions relating to the Operating Partnership’s operations and distributions are made by Simon, acting as the Operating Partnership’s sole general partner. The decisions of the general partner are made by Simon's

Board of Directors or management. The Operating Partnership has no other governance structure. Secondly, the sole asset of Simon is its interest in the Operating Partnership. As a result, a share of common stock of Simon, or common stock, if owned by the Operating Partnership, is best characterized as being similar to a treasury share and thus not an asset of the Operating Partnership.

Limited partners of the Operating Partnership have the right under the Operating Partnership’s partnership agreement to exchange their units for shares of common stock or cash, as selected by Simon as the sole general partner. Accordingly, we classify units held by limited partners in permanent equity because Simon may elect to issue shares of common stock to limited partners exercising their exchange rights rather than using cash. Under the Operating Partnership’s partnership agreement, the Operating Partnership is required to redeem units held by Simon only when Simon has repurchased shares of common stock. We classify units held by Simon in permanent equity because the decision to redeem those units would be made by Simon.

Net income attributable to noncontrolling interests (which includes nonredeemable and redeemable noncontrolling interests in consolidated properties) is a component of consolidated net income.

Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)

Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)

Simon

The reclassifications out of accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) consisted of the following during the three and nine months ended September 30:

	For the Three Months Ended				For the Nine Months Ended
	September 30,				September 30,				Affected line item where
	2019		2018		2019		2018		net income is presented
Accumulated derivative losses, net	$	(1,087)	$	(1,591)	$	(3,261)	$	(5,929)	Interest expense
		144		215		431		785	Net income attributable to noncontrolling interests
	$	(943)	$	(1,376)	$	(2,830)	$	(5,144)

The Operating Partnership

The reclassifications out of accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) consisted of the following during the three and nine months ended September 30:

	For the Three Months Ended				For the Nine Months Ended
	September 30,				September 30,				Affected line item where
	2019		2018		2019		2018		net income is presented
Accumulated derivative losses, net	$	(1,087)	$	(1,591)	$	(3,261)	$	(5,929)	Interest expense

Derivative Financial Instruments

Derivative Financial Instruments

We record all derivatives on our consolidated balance sheets at fair value. The accounting for changes in the fair value of derivatives depends on the intended use of the derivative, whether we have designated a derivative as a hedge and whether the hedging relationship has satisfied the criteria necessary to apply hedge accounting. We may use a variety of derivative financial instruments in the normal course of business to selectively manage or hedge a portion of the risks associated with our indebtedness and interest payments. Our objectives in using interest rate derivatives are to add stability to interest expense and to manage our exposure to interest rate movements. To accomplish this objective, we primarily use interest rate swaps and caps. We require that hedging derivative instruments be highly effective in reducing the risk exposure that they are designated to hedge. We formally designate any instrument that meets these hedging criteria as a hedge at the inception of the derivative contract.

As of September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018, we had no outstanding interest rate derivatives. We generally do not apply hedge accounting to interest rate caps, which had a nominal value as of September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018, respectively.

We are also exposed to fluctuations in foreign exchange rates on financial instruments which are denominated in foreign currencies, primarily in Yen and Euro. We use currency forward contracts, cross currency swap contracts and foreign currency denominated debt to manage our exposure to changes in foreign exchange rates on certain Yen and Euro-denominated receivables and net investments. Currency forward contracts involve fixing the Yen:USD or Euro:USD exchange rate for delivery of a specified amount of foreign currency on a specified date. The currency forward contracts are typically cash settled in U.S. dollars for their fair value at or close to their settlement date.

We had the following Euro:USD forward contracts designated as net investment hedges at September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018 (in millions):

			Asset (Liability) Value as of
			September 30,		December 31,
Notional Value		Maturity Date	2019		2018
€	50.0	May 15, 2019		—		(0.8)
€	375.0	October 2, 2019		(6.0)		—
€	100.0	December 18, 2019		1.0		—
€	100.0	December 18, 2019		1.0		—
€	100.0	December 18, 2019		1.0		—
€	50.0	May 15, 2020		2.7		(1.5)
€	50.0	May 14, 2021		2.4		(2.0)

Asset balances in the above table are included in deferred costs and other assets. Liability balances in the above table are included in other liabilities.

We use a Euro-denominated cross-currency swap agreement to manage our exposure to changes in foreign exchange rates by swapping $150.0 million of 4.38% fixed rate U.S. dollar-denominated debt to 1.37% fixed rate Euro-denominated debt of €121.6 million. The cross-currency swap matures on December 1, 2020. The fair value of our cross-currency swap agreement at September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018 was $18.7 million and $10.9 million, respectively, and is included in deferred costs and other assets.

We have designated certain currency forward contracts and the cross-currency swap as net investment hedges. Accordingly, we report the changes in fair value in other comprehensive income (loss). Changes in the value of these forward contracts are offset by changes in the underlying hedged Euro-denominated joint venture investment.

The total gross accumulated other comprehensive income related to the Operating Partnership’s derivative activities, including our share of the other comprehensive income from unconsolidated entities, approximated $56.4 million and $37.9 million as of September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018, respectively.

New Accounting Pronouncements

New Accounting Pronouncements

In February 2016, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) issued ASU 2016-02, "Leases," codified as Accounting Standards Codification (ASC) 842, which results in lessees recognizing most leased assets and corresponding lease liabilities on the balance sheet.  Lessor accounting remains substantially similar to the previous accounting; however, certain refinements were made to conform the standard with the recently issued revenue recognition guidance in ASU 2014-09, “Revenue From Contracts With Customers”, specifically related to the allocation and recognition of contract consideration earned from lease and non-lease revenue components. ASC 842 also limits the capitalization of leasing costs to initial direct costs, which, if applied in 2018, would have reduced our capitalized leasing costs and correspondingly increased expenses by approximately $45 million, of which $11.8 million and $34.1 million related to the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018, respectively.

Substantially all of our revenues and the revenues of our equity method investments are earned from arrangements that are within the scope of ASC 842. On July 30, 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-11, also codified as ASC 842, which created a practical expedient that provides lessors an option not to separate lease and non-lease components when certain criteria are met and instead account for those components as a single lease component.  We determined that our lease arrangements meet the criteria under the practical expedient to account for lease and non-lease components as a single lease component, which alleviates the requirement upon adoption of ASC 842 that we reallocate or separately present consideration from lease and non-lease components. On January 1, 2019, we began recognizing consideration received from fixed common area maintenance arrangements on a straight-line basis as this consideration is attributed to the lease component.  

We, as a lessor, retain substantially all of the risks and benefits of ownership of the investment properties and continue to account for our leases as operating leases. We accrue fixed lease income on a straight-line basis over the terms of the leases. Substantially all of our retail tenants are also required to pay overage rents based on sales over a stated base amount during the lease year. We recognize this variable lease consideration only when each tenant’s sales exceed the applicable sales threshold. We amortize any tenant inducements as a reduction of revenue utilizing the straight-line method over the term of the related lease or occupancy term of the tenant, if shorter.

We structure our leases to allow us to recover a significant portion of our property operating, real estate taxes, repairs and maintenance, and advertising and promotion expenses from our tenants. A substantial portion of our leases, other than those for anchor stores, require the tenant to reimburse us for a substantial portion of our operating expenses, including common area maintenance, or CAM, real estate taxes and insurance. This significantly reduces our exposure to increases in costs and operating expenses resulting from inflation or otherwise. Such property operating expenses typically include utility, insurance, security, janitorial, landscaping, food court and other administrative expenses. For substantially all of our leases in the U.S. mall portfolio, we receive a fixed payment from the tenant for the CAM component which is recognized as revenue on a straight-line basis over the term of the lease. When not reimbursed by the fixed-CAM component, CAM expense reimbursements are based on the tenant’s proportionate share of the allocable operating expenses and CAM capital expenditures for the property. We accrue reimbursements from tenants for recoverable portions of all of these expenses as variable lease consideration in the period the applicable expenditures are incurred. We recognize differences between estimated recoveries and the final billed amounts in the subsequent year. These differences were not material in any period presented. Our advertising and promotional costs are expensed as incurred.  Provisions for credit losses are recognized as a reduction of lease income.  Refer to note 9 for further disclosure of lease income.

Minimum fixed lease consideration under non-cancelable tenant operating leases for each of the next five years and thereafter, excluding variable lease consideration, for the years ending December 31, as of September 30, 2019, is as follows:

2019	$	3,706,042
2020		3,482,815
2021		3,104,755
2022		2,705,820
2023		2,238,693
Thereafter		6,157,395
	$	21,395,520

Further, ASC 842 requires recognition on our consolidated balance sheets of leases of land and other arrangements where we are the lessee. Upon adoption on January 1, 2019, we recognized a right of use asset and corresponding lease liability of $524.0 million representing the present value of future lease payments required under our lessee arrangements. We utilized lease terms ranging from 2019 to 2090 including periods for which exercising an extension option is reasonably assured, and discount rates from 3.97% to 5.52% when determining the present value of future lease payments. All of our existing lessee arrangements upon adoption continue to be classified as operating leases and the pattern of lease expense recognition will be unchanged. Refer to note 10 for further disclosure regarding ground leases recognized as a result of the adoption of ASC 842.

In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-13, "Financial Instruments - Credit Losses," which introduced new guidance for an approach based on expected losses to estimate credit losses on certain types of financial instruments. It also modifies the impairment model for available-for-sale debt securities and provides for a simplified accounting model for purchased financial assets with credit deterioration since their origination. Instruments in scope include loans, held-to-maturity debt securities, and net investments in leases as well as reinsurance and trade receivables. In November 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-19, which clarifies that operating lease receivables are outside the scope of the new standard. This standard will be effective for us in fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019. We are currently evaluating the impact that the adoption of the new standard will have on our consolidated financial statements.

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Debt (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2019

Debt

Schedule of fair value of financial instruments and the related discount rate assumptions

	September 30,			December 31,
	2019			2018
Fair value of consolidated fixed rate mortgages and unsecured indebtedness	$	26,844		$	22,323
Weighted average discount rates assumed in calculation of fair value for fixed rate mortgages		3.62	%		4.55	%
Weighted average discount rates assumed in calculation of fair value for unsecured indebtedness		3.57	%		4.50	%

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Organization (Details)	Sep. 30, 2019 property state country
U.S. and Puerto Rico
Real Estate Properties
Number of properties	204
Number of U.S. states containing property locations | state	37
U.S. and Puerto Rico | Malls
Real Estate Properties
Number of properties	106
U.S. and Puerto Rico | Premium Outlets
Real Estate Properties
Number of properties	69
U.S. and Puerto Rico | The Mills
Real Estate Properties
Number of properties	14
U.S. and Puerto Rico | Community/Lifestyle Centers
Real Estate Properties
Number of properties	4
U.S. and Puerto Rico | Other shopping centers or outlet centers
Real Estate Properties
Number of properties	11
Asia, Europe and Canada | Premium and Designer Outlets
Real Estate Properties
Number of properties | state	29
Europe | Klepierre
Real Estate Properties
Ownership percentage	21.90%
Number of countries | country	16

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Lease Income (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2019	Sep. 30, 2018	Sep. 30, 2019	Sep. 30, 2018
Lease Income
Fixed-lease income	$ 1,067,381	$ 1,036,512	$ 3,196,202	$ 3,106,318
Variable lease income	241,527	248,162	691,330	704,947
Total lease income	$ 1,308,908	$ 1,284,674	$ 3,887,532	$ 3,811,265

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Debt (Details) $ in Thousands, € in Millions		3 Months Ended	9 Months Ended
	Feb. 01, 2019 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2019 USD ($)	Sep. 30, 2019 USD ($) item property	Oct. 07, 2019 USD ($)	Oct. 07, 2019 EUR (€)	Sep. 13, 2019 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2018 USD ($) item
Debt
Total Mortgages and Unsecured Indebtedness			$ 26,643,879				$ 23,305,535
Simon Property Group, L.P.
Debt
Total Mortgages and Unsecured Indebtedness			$ 26,643,879				$ 23,305,535
Unsecured Debt | Weighted average | Discount Rate
Fair Value of Debt
Debt percentage- measurement input | item			0.0357				0.0450
Unsecured Debt | Senior unsecured notes | Simon Property Group, L.P.
Debt
Total Mortgages and Unsecured Indebtedness			$ 18,400,000
Loss on debt extinguishment		$ 116,200
Unsecured Debt | Senior Unsecured Notes 2.20% | Simon Property Group, L.P.
Debt
Debt repaid	$ 600,000
Interest rate on debt (as a percent)	2.20%
Unsecured Debt | Senior unsecured notes 2.00% due 2024 | Simon Property Group, L.P.
Debt
Debt issued						$ 1,000,000
Fixed rate of interest						2.00%
Unsecured Debt | Senior unsecured notes 2.45% due 2029 | Simon Property Group, L.P.
Debt
Debt issued						$ 1,250,000
Fixed rate of interest						2.45%
Unsecured Debt | Senior unsecured notes 3.25% due 2049 | Simon Property Group, L.P.
Debt
Debt issued						$ 1,250,000
Fixed rate of interest						3.25%
Unsecured Debt | Senior unsecured notes 4.375% due March 1, 2021 | Simon Property Group, L.P.
Debt
Amount of debt redeemed				$ 900,000
Fixed rate of interest				4.375%	4.375%
Unsecured Debt | Senior unsecured notes 4.125% due December 1, 2021 | Simon Property Group, L.P.
Debt
Amount of debt redeemed				$ 700,000
Fixed rate of interest				4.125%	4.125%
Unsecured Debt | Senior unsecured notes 3.375% due March 15, 2022 | Simon Property Group, L.P.
Debt
Amount of debt redeemed				$ 600,000
Fixed rate of interest				3.375%	3.375%
Unsecured Debt | Senior unsecured notes 2.375% due October 2, 2020 | Simon Property Group, L.P.
Debt
Amount of debt redeemed | €					€ 375
Debt issued | €					€ 750
Fixed rate of interest				2.375%	2.375%
Unsecured Debt | Credit Facility and the Supplemental Facility
Debt
Available borrowing capacity			6,100,000
Maximum amount outstanding during period			130,700
Credit facility, weighted average amount outstanding			125,100
Letters of credit outstanding			11,300
Unsecured Debt | Credit Facility | Simon Property Group, L.P.
Debt
Credit facility, amount outstanding			125,000
Maximum borrowing capacity			4,000,000
Optional expanded maximum borrowing capacity			$ 5,000,000
Additional facility fee (as a percent)			0.10%
Unsecured Debt | Credit Facility | Maximum | Simon Property Group, L.P.
Debt
Percentage of borrowings in currencies other than the U.S. dollar			95.00%
Unsecured Debt | Credit Facility | LIBOR | Simon Property Group, L.P.
Debt
Interest added to reference rate (as a percent)			0.775%
Unsecured Debt | Supplemental Facility | Simon Property Group, L.P.
Debt
Maximum borrowing capacity			$ 3,500,000
Optional expanded maximum borrowing capacity			$ 4,500,000
Additional facility fee (as a percent)			0.10%
Unsecured Debt | Supplemental Facility | LIBOR | Simon Property Group, L.P.
Debt
Interest added to reference rate (as a percent)			0.775%
Unsecured Debt | Commercial Paper | Simon Property Group, L.P.
Debt
Credit facility, amount outstanding			$ 1,300,000
Maximum borrowing capacity			2,000,000
Unsecured Debt | U.S. dollar-denominated notes | Simon Property Group, L.P.
Debt
Credit facility, amount outstanding			$ 1,100,000
Weighted average interest rate (as a percent)			2.16%
Unsecured Debt | Euro denominated notes | Simon Property Group, L.P.
Debt
Credit facility, amount outstanding			$ 180,100
Weighted average interest rate (as a percent)			0.34%
Secured Debt | Mortgages
Debt
Total Mortgages and Unsecured Indebtedness			$ 6,800,000				$ 6,800,000
Debt covenants
Number of non-recourse mortgage notes under which the Company and subsidiaries are borrowers | item			46
Number of properties pledged as collateral | property			49
Number of cross-defaulted and cross-collateralized mortgage pools | item			2
Total number of properties pledged as collateral for cross defaulted and cross collateralized mortgages | property			5
Fixed rate mortgages | Weighted average | Discount Rate
Fair Value of Debt
Debt percentage- measurement input | item			0.0362				0.0455
Book value | Fixed rate mortgages and unsecured indebtedness
Fair Value of Debt
Fair value of consolidated fixed rate mortgages and unsecured indebtedness			$ 25,700,000				$ 22,400,000
Fair value | Fixed rate mortgages and unsecured indebtedness
Fair Value of Debt
Fair value of consolidated fixed rate mortgages and unsecured indebtedness			$ 26,844,000				$ 22,323,000

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Equity (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2019

Schedule of preferred units of the Operating Partnership and the amount of the noncontrolling redeemable interests in properties

	As of		As of
	September 30,		December 31,
	2019		2018
7.50% Cumulative Redeemable Preferred Units, 260,000 units authorized, 255,373 issued and outstanding	$	25,537	$	25,537
Other noncontrolling redeemable interests in properties		201,350		204,626
Limited partners’ preferred interest in the Operating Partnership and noncontrolling redeemable interests in properties	$	226,887	$	230,163

Schedule of LTIP units earned and aggregate grant date fair values adjusted for estimated forfeitures

LTIP Program	LTIP Units Earned	Grant Date Fair Value of TSR Award	Grant Date Target Value of Performance-Based Awards
2014-2016 LTIP program	120,314	$27.5 million	—
2015-2017 LTIP program	—	$21.6 million	—
2016-2018 LTIP program	—	$22.7 million	—
2018 LTIP program - Tranche A	To be determined in 2020	$6.1 million	$6.1 million
2018 LTIP program - Tranche B	To be determined in 2021	$6.1 million	$6.1 million
2019 LTIP program	To be determined in 2022	$9.5 million	$14.7 million

Simon Property Group, L.P.

Schedule of preferred units of the Operating Partnership and the amount of the noncontrolling redeemable interests in properties

	As of		As of
	September 30,		December 31,
	2019		2018
7.50% Cumulative Redeemable Preferred Units, 260,000 units authorized, 255,373 issued and outstanding	$	25,537	$	25,537
Other noncontrolling redeemable interests in properties		201,350		204,626
Total preferred units, at liquidation value, and noncontrolling redeemable interests in properties	$	226,887	$	230,163

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Basis of Presentation (Details) - property	9 Months Ended		12 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2019	Sep. 30, 2018	Dec. 31, 2018
Real Estate Properties
Total number of joint venture properties	82
Number of joint venture properties managed by the entity	57
Number of International joint venture properties	21
Number of joint venture properties managed by others	25
Simon Property Group, L.P.
Ownership interest:
Ownership interest in the Operating Partnership (as a percent)	86.80%		86.80%
Simon Property Group, L.P. | Weighted average
Ownership interest:
Ownership interest in the Operating Partnership (as a percent)	86.80%	86.90%
Wholly owned properties
Real Estate Properties
Number of properties	133
Partially owned properties
Real Estate Properties
Number of properties	18

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Equity - Stock Based Compensation (Details) - USD ($) $ / shares in Units, $ in Millions		9 Months Ended		12 Months Ended
	Jul. 06, 2011	Sep. 30, 2019	Sep. 30, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016	Dec. 31, 2015
Restricted stock
Stock-based incentive plan awards
Compensation expense, net of capitalization		$ 8.3	$ 6.0
Restricted stock | Employees
Stock-based incentive plan awards
Vesting service period		3 years
Awards earned (in units)		84,503
Weighted average fair value of shares granted during the period (in dollars per share)		$ 181.85
Restricted stock | Non-employee Director
Stock-based incentive plan awards
Vesting service period		1 year
Awards earned (in units)		10,644
Weighted average fair value of shares granted during the period (in dollars per share)		$ 174.03
LTIP Retention Award to Chairman and CEO
Stock-based incentive plan awards
Awards earned (in units)	1,000,000
Grant Date Fair Value	$ 120.3
Service period	8 years
LTIP Retention Award to Chairman and CEO | A Units
Stock-based incentive plan awards
Awards earned (in units)						360,000
LTIP Retention Award to Chairman and CEO | B Units
Stock-based incentive plan awards
Awards earned (in units)					360,000
LTIP Retention Award to Chairman and CEO | C Units
Stock-based incentive plan awards
Awards earned (in units)				280,000
LTIP programs
Stock-based incentive plan awards
Percent of distributions of Operating Partnership that participants are entitled to receive during performance period		10.00%
Compensation expense, net of capitalization		$ 12.2	$ 13.0
2014-2016 LTIP program | LTIP Units
Stock-based incentive plan awards
LTIP Units Earned (in units)		120,314
Grant Date Fair Value		$ 27.5
2015-2017 LTIP program | LTIP Units
Stock-based incentive plan awards
Grant Date Fair Value		21.6
2016-2018 LTIP program | LTIP Units
Stock-based incentive plan awards
Grant Date Fair Value		22.7
2018 LTIP program | LTIP Units | Tranche A
Stock-based incentive plan awards
Grant Date Fair Value		6.1
Grant Date Target Value		6.1
2018 LTIP program | LTIP Units | Tranche B
Stock-based incentive plan awards
Grant Date Fair Value		6.1
Grant Date Target Value		$ 6.1
2019 LTIP program | LTIP Units
Stock-based incentive plan awards
Performance period		3 years
Grant Date Fair Value		$ 9.5
Grant Date Target Value		14.7
2019 LTIP program | LTIP Units | Maximum
Stock-based incentive plan awards
Grant Date Target Value		$ 22.1

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Investments in Unconsolidated Entities and International Investments - Combined Statements of Operations (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2019	Sep. 30, 2018	Sep. 30, 2019	Sep. 30, 2018
OPERATING EXPENSES:
Income from Unconsolidated Entities	$ 119,706	$ 134,408	$ 316,691	$ 325,263
Equity Method Investees excluding Klepierre, Aeropostale, ABG and HBS | Unconsolidated properties
REVENUE:
Lease income	766,740	756,955	2,285,848	2,259,451
Other income	79,025	73,259	234,337	232,747
Total revenue	845,765	830,214	2,520,185	2,492,198
OPERATING EXPENSES:
Property operating	149,759	151,873	434,742	437,718
Depreciation and amortization	171,407	161,964	512,070	488,098
Real estate taxes	64,172	60,654	200,698	197,497
Repairs and maintenance	20,729	20,035	61,938	63,968
Advertising and promotion	19,831	20,318	63,852	65,425
Other	45,747	43,916	142,806	143,533
Total operating expenses	471,645	458,760	1,416,106	1,396,239
Operating Income Before Other Items	374,120	371,454	1,104,079	1,095,959
Interest expense	(159,971)	(163,855)	(473,914)	(505,540)
Gain on sale or disposal of, or recovery on, assets and interests in unconsolidated entities, net			21,587	25,792
Net Income	214,149	207,599	651,752	616,211
Third-Party Investors' Share of Net Income	108,792	101,750	332,078	304,174
Our Share of Net Income	105,357	105,849	319,674	312,037
Amortization of Excess Investment	(20,846)	(21,526)	(62,413)	(64,447)
Our Share of Gain on Sale or Disposal of Assets and Interest in Other Income in the Consolidated Financial Statements			(9,156)
Our Share of Gain on Sale or Disposal of, or Recovery on, Assets and Interests in Unconsolidated Entities, net				(9,672)
Income from Unconsolidated Entities	$ 84,511	$ 84,323	$ 248,105	$ 237,918

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Basis of Presentation

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2019

Basis of Presentation

Basis of Presentation

2. Basis of Presentation

The accompanying unaudited consolidated financial statements include the accounts of all controlled subsidiaries, and all significant intercompany amounts have been eliminated. Due to the seasonal nature of certain operational activities, the results for the interim periods ended September 30, 2019 are not necessarily indicative of the results to be expected for the full year.

These consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with the instructions to Form 10-Q and include all of the information and disclosures required by accounting principles generally accepted in the United States (GAAP) for interim reporting. Accordingly, they do not include all of the disclosures required by GAAP for complete financial statements. In the opinion of management, all adjustments necessary for a fair presentation (including normal recurring accruals) have been included. The consolidated financial statements in this Form 10-Q should be read in conjunction with the audited consolidated financial statements and related notes contained in the combined 2018 Annual Report on Form 10-K of Simon and the Operating Partnership. Certain reclassifications considered necessary for a fair presentation have been made to the prior period financial statements in order to conform to the current year presentation. These reclassifications have not changed the results of operations.

As of September 30, 2019, we consolidated 133 wholly-owned properties and 18 additional properties that are less than wholly-owned, but which we control or for which we are the primary beneficiary. We account for the remaining 82 properties, or the joint venture properties, as well as our investments in Klépierre, Aéropostale, Authentic Brands Group, LLC, or ABG, and HBS Global Properties, or HBS, using the equity method of accounting, as we have determined we have significant influence over their operations. We manage the day-to-day operations of 57 of the 82 joint venture properties, but have determined that our partner or partners have substantive participating rights with respect to the assets and operations of these joint venture properties. Our investments in joint ventures in Japan, South Korea, Mexico, Malaysia, Germany, Canada, and the United Kingdom comprise 21 of the remaining 25 properties. These international properties are managed by joint ventures in which we share control.

Preferred distributions of the Operating Partnership are accrued at declaration and represent distributions on outstanding preferred units of partnership interests, or preferred units, and are included in net income attributable to noncontrolling interests. We allocate net operating results of the Operating Partnership after preferred distributions to limited partners and to Simon based on the partners’ respective weighted average ownership interests in the Operating Partnership.  Net operating results of the Operating Partnership attributable to limited partners are reflected in net income attributable to noncontrolling interests. Simon’s weighted average ownership interest in the Operating Partnership was 86.8% and 86.9% for the nine months ended September

30, 2019 and 2018, respectively. As of September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018, Simon’s ownership interest in the Operating Partnership was 86.8%. We adjust the noncontrolling limited partners’ interests at the end of each period to reflect their interest in the net assets of the Operating Partnership.

Preferred unit requirements in the Operating Partnership’s accompanying consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income represent distributions on outstanding preferred units and are recorded when declared.

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Document and Entity Information	9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2019 $ / shares shares
Entity Registrant Name	SIMON PROPERTY GROUP, INC.
Entity Central Index Key	0001063761
Document Type	10-Q
Document Quarterly Report	true
Document Transition Report	false
Document Period End Date	Sep. 30, 2019
Entity File Number	001-14469
Entity Tax Identification Number	04-6268599
Entity Incorporation, State or Country Code	DE
Entity Address, Address Line One	225 West Washington Street
Entity Address, City or Town	Indianapolis
Entity Address, State or Province	IN
Entity Address, Postal Zip Code	46204
City Area Code	317
Local Phone Number	636-1600
Amendment Flag	false
Current Fiscal Year End Date	--12-31
Entity Current Reporting Status	Yes
Entity Interactive Data Current	Yes
Entity Filer Category	Large Accelerated Filer
Entity Small Business	false
Entity Emerging Growth Company	false
Entity Shell Company	false
Document Fiscal Year Focus	2019
Document Fiscal Period Focus	Q3
Common stock
Title of 12(b) Security	Common stock, $0.0001 par value
Trading Symbol	SPG
Security Exchange Name	NYSE
Entity Common Stock, Shares Outstanding | shares	306,860,960
Entity Listing, Par Value Per Share | $ / shares	$ 0.0001
Class B common stock
Entity Common Stock, Shares Outstanding | shares	8,000
Entity Listing, Par Value Per Share | $ / shares	$ 0.0001
Series J Preferred stock
Title of 12(b) Security	83/8% Series J Cumulative Redeemable Preferred Stock, $0.0001 par value
Trading Symbol	SPGJ
Security Exchange Name	NYSE
Simon Property Group, L.P.
Entity Registrant Name	SIMON PROPERTY GROUP, L.P.
Entity Central Index Key	0001022344
Document Type	10-Q
Document Quarterly Report	true
Document Transition Report	false
Document Period End Date	Sep. 30, 2019
Entity File Number	001-36110
Entity Tax Identification Number	34-1755769
Entity Incorporation, State or Country Code	DE
Entity Address, Address Line One	225 West Washington Street
Entity Address, City or Town	Indianapolis
Entity Address, State or Province	IN
Entity Address, Postal Zip Code	46204
City Area Code	317
Local Phone Number	636-1600
Amendment Flag	false
Current Fiscal Year End Date	--12-31
Entity Current Reporting Status	Yes
Entity Interactive Data Current	Yes
Entity Filer Category	Non-accelerated Filer
Entity Small Business	false
Entity Emerging Growth Company	false
Entity Shell Company	false
Document Fiscal Year Focus	2019
Document Fiscal Period Focus	Q3
Simon Property Group, L.P. | Senior Unsecured 2.375% due 2020
Title of 12(b) Security	2.375% Senior Unsecured Notes due 2020
Trading Symbol	SPG/20
Security Exchange Name	NYSE

XML

Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows - USD ($) $ in Thousands	9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2019	Sep. 30, 2018
CASH FLOWS FROM OPERATING ACTIVITIES:
Consolidated Net Income	$ 1,832,772	$ 1,989,150
Adjustments to reconcile consolidated net income to net cash provided by operating activities
Depreciation and amortization	1,055,107	1,009,671
Gain on sale or disposal of, or recovery on, assets and interests in unconsolidated entities and impairment, net	(12,822)	(144,949)
Unrealized losses (gains) in fair value of equity instruments	4,846	(1,212)
Gain on interest in unconsolidated entity (Note 6)		(35,621)
Straight-line lease income	(49,680)	(14,923)
Equity in income of unconsolidated entities	(316,691)	(325,263)
Distributions of income from unconsolidated entities	334,625	289,411
Changes in assets and liabilities
Tenant receivables and accrued revenue, net	25,720	27,668
Deferred costs and other assets	(33,340)	(74,922)
Accounts payable, accrued expenses, intangibles, deferred revenues and other liabilities	7,659	32,156
Net cash provided by operating activities	2,848,196	2,751,166
CASH FLOWS FROM INVESTING ACTIVITIES:
Acquisitions	(12,800)
Funding of loans to related parties		(4,641)
Capital expenditures, net	(622,687)	(585,957)
Cash impact from the consolidation of properties	1,045	11,276
Net proceeds from sale of assets	6,776
Investments in unconsolidated entities	(42,353)	(51,883)
Purchase of marketable and non-marketable securities	(134,372)	(23,273)
Insurance proceeds for property restoration	3,787	16,160
Distributions of capital from unconsolidated entities and other	214,541	428,862
Net cash used in investing activities	(586,063)	(209,456)
CASH FLOWS FROM FINANCING ACTIVITIES:
Proceeds from sales of common stock, issuance of units and other, net of transaction costs	(246)	(247)
Purchase of shares or units related to stock grant recipients' tax withholdings	(2,955)	(2,911)
Redemption of limited partner units	(4,549)	(7,619)
Purchase of treasury stock	(359,773)	(307,296)
Distributions to noncontrolling interest holders in properties	(5,931)	(11,524)
Contributions from noncontrolling interest holders in properties	106	161
Preferred distributions of the Operating Partnership	(1,436)	(1,436)
Distributions to stockholders and preferred dividends	(1,913,666)	(1,829,610)
Distributions to limited partners	(290,262)	(276,530)
Proceeds from issuance of debt, net of transaction costs	10,893,698	5,895,653
Repayments of debt	(7,444,224)	(6,786,942)
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities	870,762	(3,328,301)
INCREASE (DECREASE) IN CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS	3,132,895	(786,591)
CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS, beginning of period	514,335	1,482,309
CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS, end of period	3,647,230	695,718
Simon Property Group, L.P.
CASH FLOWS FROM OPERATING ACTIVITIES:
Consolidated Net Income	1,832,772	1,989,150
Adjustments to reconcile consolidated net income to net cash provided by operating activities
Depreciation and amortization	1,055,107	1,009,671
Gain on sale or disposal of, or recovery on, assets and interests in unconsolidated entities and impairment, net	(12,822)	(144,949)
Unrealized losses (gains) in fair value of equity instruments	4,846	(1,212)
Gain on interest in unconsolidated entity (Note 6)		(35,621)
Straight-line lease income	(49,680)	(14,923)
Equity in income of unconsolidated entities	(316,691)	(325,263)
Distributions of income from unconsolidated entities	334,625	289,411
Changes in assets and liabilities
Tenant receivables and accrued revenue, net	25,720	27,668
Deferred costs and other assets	(33,340)	(74,922)
Accounts payable, accrued expenses, intangibles, deferred revenues and other liabilities	7,659	32,156
Net cash provided by operating activities	2,848,196	2,751,166
CASH FLOWS FROM INVESTING ACTIVITIES:
Acquisitions	(12,800)
Funding of loans to related parties		(4,641)
Capital expenditures, net	(622,687)	(585,957)
Cash impact from the consolidation of properties	1,045	11,276
Net proceeds from sale of assets	6,776
Investments in unconsolidated entities	(42,353)	(51,883)
Purchase of marketable and non-marketable securities	(134,372)	(23,273)
Insurance proceeds for property restoration	3,787	16,160
Distributions of capital from unconsolidated entities and other	214,541	428,862
Net cash used in investing activities	(586,063)	(209,456)
CASH FLOWS FROM FINANCING ACTIVITIES:
Proceeds from sales of common stock, issuance of units and other, net of transaction costs	(246)	(247)
Purchase of shares or units related to stock grant recipients' tax withholdings	(2,955)	(2,911)
Redemption of limited partner units	(4,549)	(7,619)
Purchase of general partner units	(359,773)	(307,296)
Distributions to noncontrolling interest holders in properties	(5,931)	(11,524)
Contributions from noncontrolling interest holders in properties	106	161
Preferred distributions of the Operating Partnership	(2,205,364)	(2,107,576)
Proceeds from issuance of debt, net of transaction costs	10,893,698	5,895,653
Repayments of debt	(7,444,224)	(6,786,942)
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities	870,762	(3,328,301)
INCREASE (DECREASE) IN CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS	3,132,895	(786,591)
CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS, beginning of period	514,335	1,482,309
CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS, end of period	$ 3,647,230	$ 695,718

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Per Share and Per Unit Data (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2019	Sep. 30, 2018	Sep. 30, 2019	Sep. 30, 2018
Per Share And Per Unit Data
Net Income attributable to Common Stockholders - Basic	$ 544,254	$ 556,267	$ 1,588,053	$ 1,723,925
Net Income attributable to Common Stockholders - Diluted	$ 544,254	$ 556,267	$ 1,588,053	$ 1,723,925
Weighted Average Shares Outstanding - Basic and Diluted	307,275,230	309,294,045	308,314,456	309,739,557
Simon Property Group, L.P.
Per Share And Per Unit Data
Net Income attributable to Common Stockholders - Basic	$ 627,074	$ 640,402	$ 1,829,014	$ 1,984,527
Net Income attributable to Common Stockholders - Diluted	$ 627,074	$ 640,402	$ 1,829,014	$ 1,984,527
Weighted Average Shares Outstanding - Basic and Diluted	354,038,110	356,073,080	355,096,211	356,562,262

XML

Summary of Significant Accounting Policies - Reclassification Out Of AOCI, Simon Property Group, L.P. (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2019	Sep. 30, 2018	Sep. 30, 2019	Sep. 30, 2018
Significant Accounting Policies
Interest expense	$ (202,382)	$ (199,469)	$ (599,541)	$ (611,585)
Simon Property Group, L.P.
Significant Accounting Policies
Interest expense	(202,382)	(199,469)	(599,541)	(611,585)
Accumulated derivative gains (losses), net | Simon Property Group, L.P. | Amount reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)
Significant Accounting Policies
Interest expense	$ (1,087)	$ (1,591)	$ (3,261)	$ (5,929)

XML

Significant Accounting Policies (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2019

Significant Accounting Policies

Schedule of carrying amount of noncontrolling interests

	As of		As of
	September 30,		December 31,
	2019		2018
Limited partners’ interests in the Operating Partnership	$	400,716	$	492,877
Nonredeemable noncontrolling interests in properties, net		6,907		7,398
Total noncontrolling interests reflected in equity	$	407,623	$	500,275

Schedule of reclassifications out of accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)

	For the Three Months Ended				For the Nine Months Ended
	September 30,				September 30,				Affected line item where
	2019		2018		2019		2018		net income is presented
Accumulated derivative losses, net	$	(1,087)	$	(1,591)	$	(3,261)	$	(5,929)	Interest expense
		144		215		431		785	Net income attributable to noncontrolling interests
	$	(943)	$	(1,376)	$	(2,830)	$	(5,144)

Schedule of Euro:USD forward contracts

We had the following Euro:USD forward contracts designated as net investment hedges at September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018 (in millions):

			Asset (Liability) Value as of
			September 30,		December 31,
Notional Value		Maturity Date	2019		2018
€	50.0	May 15, 2019		—		(0.8)
€	375.0	October 2, 2019		(6.0)		—
€	100.0	December 18, 2019		1.0		—
€	100.0	December 18, 2019		1.0		—
€	100.0	December 18, 2019		1.0		—
€	50.0	May 15, 2020		2.7		(1.5)
€	50.0	May 14, 2021		2.4		(2.0)

Schedule of minimum fixed lease consideration under non-cancelable tenant operating leases

2019	$	3,706,042
2020		3,482,815
2021		3,104,755
2022		2,705,820
2023		2,238,693
Thereafter		6,157,395
	$	21,395,520

Simon Property Group, L.P.

Significant Accounting Policies

Schedule of reclassifications out of accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)

	For the Three Months Ended				For the Nine Months Ended
	September 30,				September 30,				Affected line item where
	2019		2018		2019		2018		net income is presented
Accumulated derivative losses, net	$	(1,087)	$	(1,591)	$	(3,261)	$	(5,929)	Interest expense

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Real Estate Acquisitions and Dispositions

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2019

Real Estate Acquisitions and Dispositions

Real Estate Acquisitions and Dispositions

4. Real Estate Acquisitions and Dispositions

Unless otherwise noted, gains and losses on property transactions are included in gain on sale or disposal of, or recovery on, assets and interests in unconsolidated entities and impairment, net in the accompanying consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income. We capitalize asset acquisition costs and expense costs related to business combinations, as well as disposition related costs as they are incurred. We incurred a minimal amount of transaction expenses during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018.

On September 19, 2019, we acquired the remaining 50% interest in a hotel adjacent to one of our properties for cash consideration of $12.8 million. The property is subject to a $21.5 million, 4.02% variable rate mortgage. We accounted for this transaction as an asset acquisition and substantially all of our investment relates to investment property.

On September 25, 2018, we acquired the remaining 50% interest in The Outlets at Orange from our joint venture partner. The Operating Partnership issued 475,183 units, or approximately $84.1 million, as consideration for the acquisition. The property is subject to a $215.0 million, 4.22% fixed rate mortgage. We accounted for this transaction as an asset acquisition and substantially all of our investment has been determined to relate to investment property.

During the first nine months of 2018, we recorded net gains of $144.9 million primarily related to our disposition activity which included the foreclosure of a consolidated property in satisfaction of its $200 million non-recourse mortgage.

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Equity

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2019

Equity

Equity

8. Equity

During the nine months ended September 30, 2019, Simon issued 24,000 shares of common stock to a limited partner of the Operating Partnership in exchange for an equal number of units pursuant to the partnership agreement of the Operating Partnership. During the nine months ended September 30, 2019, the Operating Partnership redeemed 27,988 units from six limited partners for $4.3 million. These transactions increased Simon’s ownership interest in the Operating Partnership.

On September 25, 2018, the Operating Partnership issued 475,183 units in connection with the acquisition of the remaining 50% interest in The Outlets at Orange, as discussed in Note 4.

On February 13, 2017, Simon’s Board of Directors authorized a two-year extension of the previously authorized $2.0 billion common stock repurchase plan through March 31, 2019.  On February 11, 2019, Simon's Board of Directors authorized a new common stock repurchase plan.  Under the new plan, Simon may repurchase up to $2.0 billion of its common stock during the two-year period ending February 11, 2021 in the open market or in privately negotiated transactions as market conditions warrant.  During the nine months ended September 30, 2019, Simon purchased 2,247,074 shares at an average price of $160.11 per share, of which 46,377 shares at an average price of $164.49 were purchased as part of the previous program.  During the nine months ended September 30, 2018, Simon purchased 1,988,247 shares at an average price of $154.56 per share as part of the previous program.  As Simon repurchases shares under these programs, the Operating Partnership repurchases an equal number of units from Simon.

We paid a common stock dividend of $2.10 per share in the third quarter of 2019 and $6.20 per share for the nine months ended September 30, 2019.  The Operating Partnership paid distributions per unit for the same amounts.  We paid dividends of $2.00 and $5.90 per share for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018.  The Operating Partnership paid distributions per unit for the same amounts.  Simon’s Board of Directors declared a quarterly cash dividend for the fourth quarter of 2019 of $2.10 per share of common stock payable on November 29, 2019 to stockholders of record on November 15, 2019. The distribution rate on units is equal to the dividend rate on common stock.

Temporary Equity

Simon

Simon classifies as temporary equity those securities for which there is the possibility that Simon could be required to redeem the security for cash irrespective of the probability of such a possibility. As a result, Simon classifies one series of preferred units in the Operating Partnership and noncontrolling redeemable interests in properties in temporary equity.  Each of these securities is discussed further below.

Limited Partners’ Preferred Interest in the Operating Partnership and Noncontrolling Redeemable Interests in Properties.  The redemption features of the preferred units in the Operating Partnership contain provisions which could require the Operating Partnership to settle the redemption in cash. As a result, this series of preferred units in the Operating Partnership remains classified outside permanent equity.  The remaining interests in a property or portfolio of properties which are redeemable at the option of the holder or in circumstances that may be outside Simon’s control are accounted for as temporary equity. The carrying amount of the noncontrolling interest is adjusted to the redemption amount assuming the instrument is redeemable at the balance sheet date.  Changes in the redemption value of the underlying noncontrolling interest are recorded within accumulated deficit in the consolidated statements of equity in issuance of unit equivalents and other.  There were no noncontrolling interests redeemable at amounts in excess of fair value as of September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018.  The following table summarizes the preferred units in the Operating Partnership and the amount of the noncontrolling redeemable interests in properties as follows:

	As of		As of
	September 30,		December 31,
	2019		2018
7.50% Cumulative Redeemable Preferred Units, 260,000 units authorized, 255,373 issued and outstanding	$	25,537	$	25,537
Other noncontrolling redeemable interests in properties		201,350		204,626
Limited partners’ preferred interest in the Operating Partnership and noncontrolling redeemable interests in properties	$	226,887	$	230,163

The Operating Partnership

The Operating Partnership classifies as temporary equity those securities for which there is the possibility that the Operating Partnership could be required to redeem the security for cash, irrespective of the probability of such a possibility.  As a result, the Operating Partnership classifies one series of preferred units and noncontrolling redeemable interests in properties in temporary equity.  The following table summarizes the preferred units and the amount of the noncontrolling redeemable interests in properties as follows:

	As of		As of
	September 30,		December 31,
	2019		2018
7.50% Cumulative Redeemable Preferred Units, 260,000 units authorized, 255,373 issued and outstanding	$	25,537	$	25,537
Other noncontrolling redeemable interests in properties		201,350		204,626
Total preferred units, at liquidation value, and noncontrolling redeemable interests in properties	$	226,887	$	230,163

Stock Based Compensation

Awards under our stock based compensation plans primarily take the form of LTIP unit and restricted stock grants. Restricted stock and awards under the LTIP programs contain both market and performance conditions, which are based on various individual, corporate and business unit performance measures as further described below. The expense related to these programs, net of amounts capitalized, is included within home and regional office costs and general and administrative costs in the accompanying statements of operations and comprehensive income.

LTIP Programs.  The Compensation Committee has approved long-term, performance based incentive compensation programs, or the LTIP programs, for certain senior employees. Awards under the LTIP programs take the form of LTIP units, a form of limited partnership interest issued by the Operating Partnership, which are subject to the participant maintaining employment with us through certain dates and other conditions as described in the applicable award agreements. Awarded LTIP units not earned in accordance with the conditions set forth in the applicable award agreements are forfeited. Earned and fully vested LTIP units are equivalent to units of the Operating Partnership. During the performance period, participants are entitled to receive distributions on the LTIP units awarded to them equal to 10% of the regular quarterly distributions paid on a unit of the Operating Partnership. As a result, we account for these LTIP units as participating securities under the two-class method of computing earnings per share.

In 2019, the Compensation Committee established and granted awards under a redesigned LTIP program, or the 2019 LTIP program.  Awards under the 2019 LTIP program will be considered earned if, and only to the extent to which, the respective performance conditions (based on Funds From Operations, or FFO, per share, and Objective Criteria Goals) and market conditions (based on Relative TSR performance), as defined in the applicable award agreements, are achieved during the applicable three-year measurement period, subject to the recipient’s continued employment through the vesting date.  All of the earned LTIP units under the 2019 LTIP program will vest on January 1, 2023.  The 2019 LTIP program provides that the amount earned of the performance-based portion of the awards is dependent on Simon’s performance compared to certain criteria and has a maximum potential fair value at issuance of $22.1 million.  

The grant date fair values of any LTIP units for market-based awards are estimated using a Monte Carlo model, and the resulting fixed expense is recorded regardless of whether the market condition criteria are achieved if the required service is delivered. The grant date fair values of the market-based awards are being amortized into expense over the period from the grant date to the date at which the awards, if earned, would become vested.  The level of expense of the performance-based award is recorded over the period from the grant date to the date at which the awards, if earned, would become vested, based on our assessment as to whether it is probable that the performance criteria will be achieved during the applicable performance periods.

The Compensation Committee approved LTIP unit grants as shown in the table below. The extent to which LTIP units were earned, and the aggregate grant date fair value, are as follows:

LTIP Program	LTIP Units Earned	Grant Date Fair Value of TSR Award	Grant Date Target Value of Performance-Based Awards
2014-2016 LTIP program	120,314	$27.5 million	—
2015-2017 LTIP program	—	$21.6 million	—
2016-2018 LTIP program	—	$22.7 million	—
2018 LTIP program - Tranche A	To be determined in 2020	$6.1 million	$6.1 million
2018 LTIP program - Tranche B	To be determined in 2021	$6.1 million	$6.1 million
2019 LTIP program	To be determined in 2022	$9.5 million	$14.7 million

We recorded compensation expense, net of capitalization, related to these LTIP programs of approximately $12.2 million and $13.0 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively.

Restricted Stock.  The Compensation Committee awarded 84,503 shares of restricted stock to employees during the nine months ended September 30, 2019 at a weighted-average fair market value of $181.85 per share. During the nine months ended September 30, 2019, our non-employee Directors were awarded 10,644 shares of restricted stock at a weighted average fair market value of $174.03 per share. These shares represent a portion of the compensation we pay our non-employee Directors, and all of the shares have been placed in a non-employee Director deferred compensation account maintained by us. The grant date fair value of the employee restricted stock awards is being recognized as expense over the three-year vesting service period. The grant date fair value of the non-employee Director restricted stock awards is being recognized as expense over the one-year vesting service period. In accordance with the Operating Partnership's partnership agreement, the Operating Partnership issued an equal number of units to Simon that are subject to the same vesting conditions as the restricted stock.

We recorded compensation expense, net of capitalization, related to restricted stock of approximately $8.3 million and $6.0 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively.

Other Compensation Arrangements.  On July 6, 2011, in connection with the execution of an employment agreement, the Compensation Committee granted David Simon, Simon’s Chairman, Chief Executive Officer and President, a retention award in the form of 1,000,000 LTIP units, or the Award, for his continued service through July 5, 2019. Effective December 31, 2013, the Award was modified, or the Current Award, and as a result the LTIP units would become earned and eligible to vest based on the attainment of Company-based performance goals, in addition to the service-based vesting requirement included in the original Award. The Current Award does not contain an opportunity for Mr. Simon to receive additional LTIP units above and beyond the original Award should our performance exceed the higher end of the performance criteria.  The performance criteria of the Current Award are based on the attainment of specific FFO per share goals. Because the performance criteria has been met, a maximum of 360,000 LTIP units, or the A units, 360,000 LTIP units, or the B units, and 280,000 LTIP units, or the C units, became earned on December 31, 2015, December 31, 2016 and December 31, 2017, respectively. If the relevant performance criteria had not been achieved, all or a portion of the Current Award would have been forfeited. The earned A units vested on January 1, 2018, earned B units vested on January 1, 2019 and earned C units vested on June 30, 2019. The grant date fair value of the retention award of $120.3 million was recognized as expense over the eight-year term of his employment agreement on a straight-line basis based on the applicable vesting periods of the A units, B units and C units.

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Investment in Unconsolidated Entities and International Investments (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2019

Investment in Unconsolidated Entities

Summary of equity method investments and share of income from such investments, balance sheet

	September 30,		December 31,
	2019		2018
Assets:
Investment properties, at cost	$	19,259,601	$	18,807,449
Less - accumulated depreciation		7,263,363		6,834,633
		11,996,238		11,972,816
Cash and cash equivalents		880,648		1,076,398
Tenant receivables and accrued revenue, net		475,710		445,148
Deferred costs and other assets		581,435		390,818
Total assets	$	13,934,031	$	13,885,180
Liabilities and Partners’ Deficit:
Mortgages	$	15,217,266	$	15,235,415
Accounts payable, accrued expenses, intangibles, and deferred revenue		942,250		976,311
Other liabilities		521,518		344,205
Total liabilities		16,681,034		16,555,931
Preferred units		67,450		67,450
Partners’ deficit		(2,814,453)		(2,738,201)
Total liabilities and partners’ deficit	$	13,934,031	$	13,885,180
Our Share of:
Partners’ deficit	$	(1,227,239)	$	(1,168,216)
Add: Excess Investment		1,540,770		1,594,198
Our net Investment in unconsolidated entities, at equity	$	313,531	$	425,982

Summary of equity method investments and share of income from such investments, statements of operations

	For the Three Months Ended				For the Nine Months Ended
	September 30,				September 30,
	2019		2018		2019		2018
REVENUE:
Lease income	$	766,740	$	756,955	$	2,285,848	$	2,259,451
Other income		79,025		73,259		234,337		232,747
Total revenue		845,765		830,214		2,520,185		2,492,198
OPERATING EXPENSES:
Property operating		149,759		151,873		434,742		437,718
Depreciation and amortization		171,407		161,964		512,070		488,098
Real estate taxes		64,172		60,654		200,698		197,497
Repairs and maintenance		20,729		20,035		61,938		63,968
Advertising and promotion		19,831		20,318		63,852		65,425
Other		45,747		43,916		142,806		143,533
Total operating expenses		471,645		458,760		1,416,106		1,396,239
Operating Income Before Other Items		374,120		371,454		1,104,079		1,095,959
Interest expense		(159,971)		(163,855)		(473,914)		(505,540)
Gain on sale or disposal of, or recovery on, assets and interests in unconsolidated entities, net		—		—		21,587		25,792
Net Income	$	214,149	$	207,599	$	651,752	$	616,211
Third-Party Investors’ Share of Net Income	$	108,792	$	101,750	$	332,078	$	304,174
Our Share of Net Income		105,357		105,849		319,674		312,037
Amortization of Excess Investment		(20,846)		(21,526)		(62,413)		(64,447)
Our Share of Gain on Sale or Disposal of Assets and Interest in Other Income in the Consolidated Financial Statements		—		—		(9,156)		—
Our Share of Gain on Sale or Disposal of, or Recovery on, Assets and Interests in Unconsolidated Entities, net		—		—		—		(9,672)
Income from Unconsolidated Entities	$	84,511	$	84,323	$	248,105	$	237,918

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Commitments and Contingencies (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2019

Commitments and Contingencies.

Schedule of lease cost

	For the Three Months Ended		For the Nine Months Ended
	September 30, 2019		September 30, 2019
Lease Cost
Operating lease cost	$	7,937	$	23,045
Variable lease cost		4,183		12,513
Sublease income		(208)		(542)
Total lease cost	$	11,912	$	35,016

Schedule of other information

	For the Nine Months Ended
	September 30, 2019
Other Information
Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of lease liabilities
Operating cash flows from operating leases	$	36,268
Weighted-average remaining lease term - operating leases		35.8 years
Weighted-average discount rate - operating leases		4.87%

Schedule of future minimum lease payments due

2019	$	32,444
2020		32,438
2021		32,440
2022		32,451
2023		32,583
Thereafter		941,418
	$	1,103,774
Impact of discounting		(585,162)
Operating lease liabilities	$	518,612

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Significant Accounting Policies - Fair Value Measurements (Details) $ in Millions	Sep. 30, 2019 USD ($) item	Dec. 31, 2018 USD ($)
Fair Value Measurements
Number of investments for which fair value is measured on a recurring basis using Level 3 inputs | item	0
Level 2 | Recurring
Fair Value Measurements
Interest rate swap agreements and foreign currency forward contracts, gross asset balance	$ 26.8	$ 10.9
Interest rate swap agreements and foreign currency forward contracts, gross liability balance	$ 6.0	$ 6.2

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Commitments and Contingencies - Litigation (Details) $ in Millions	9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2019 USD ($)
Opry Mills, Nashville, TN | Other income
Insurance
Gain on litigation settlement	$ 68.0

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Equity - Shares or Units Activity (Details) $ / shares in Units, $ in Millions				3 Months Ended							9 Months Ended
	Feb. 11, 2019 USD ($)	Sep. 25, 2018 shares	Feb. 13, 2017 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2019 $ / shares	Sep. 30, 2019 $ / shares shares	Jun. 30, 2019 shares	Mar. 31, 2019 shares	Sep. 30, 2018 $ / shares shares	Jun. 30, 2018 shares	Mar. 31, 2018 shares	Sep. 30, 2019 USD ($) item $ / shares shares	Sep. 30, 2018 $ / shares shares
Equity
Redemption of units					27,214		774		8,716	40,503
Exchange of limited partner units, (in shares)							24,000	86,732		6,000
Shares repurchased (in shares)					1,154,117	1,046,580	46,377		514,659	1,473,588	2,247,074
Average share price repurchased (in dollars per share) | $ / shares											$ 160.11
Common stock dividends paid (in dollars per share) | $ / shares					$ 2.10			$ 2.00			$ 6.20	$ 5.90
Dividends declared per common share (in dollars per share) | $ / shares				$ 2.10
Limited Partners
Equity
Exchange of limited partner units, (in shares)											24,000
2017 Share Repurchase Program
Equity
Stock repurchase program, extension period			2 years
Common stock authorized for repurchase | $			$ 2,000.0
Shares repurchased (in shares)											46,377	1,988,247
Average share price repurchased (in dollars per share) | $ / shares											$ 164.49	$ 154.56
2019 Share Repurchase Program
Equity
Stock repurchase program, extension period	2 years
Common stock authorized for repurchase | $	$ 2,000.0
Simon Property Group, L.P.
Equity
Redemption of units					27,214		774		8,716	40,503
Distributions paid per unit (in dollars per share) | $ / shares					$ 2.10			$ 2.00			$ 6.20	$ 5.90
Simon Property Group, L.P. | Limited Partners
Equity
Redemption of units											27,988
Number of limited partners who received common stock | item											6
Value of units redeemed | $											$ 4.3
Outlets at Orange
Equity
Ownership interests acquired (as a percent)		50.00%
Outlets at Orange | Simon Property Group, L.P.
Equity
Number of units issued in connection with acquisition of the remaining interest in orange outlet		475,183

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Investments in Unconsolidated Entities and International Investments - Asian Joint Ventures (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Sep. 30, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018
Investment in Unconsolidated Entities
Equity investment	$ 1,614,109	$ 1,769,488
Japan | Mitsubishi Estate Co., Ltd. | Premium Outlets
Investment in Unconsolidated Entities
Ownership percentage	40.00%
Equity investment	$ 205,800	232,100
South Korea | Shinsegae International Co | Premium Outlets
Investment in Unconsolidated Entities
Ownership percentage	50.00%
Equity investment	$ 167,000	$ 166,300

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Commitments and Contingencies - Concentration of Credit Risk (Details)	9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2019
Consolidated revenues | Concentration of credit risk | Maximum
Concentration of Credit Risk
Percentage of consolidated revenues from a single customer or tenant	5.00%

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Consolidated Balance Sheets (Parenthetical) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	9 Months Ended	12 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018
Capital stock, total shares authorized	850,000,000	850,000,000
Capital stock, par value (in dollars per share)	$ 0.0001	$ 0.0001
Capital stock, shares of excess common stock	238,000,000	238,000,000
Capital stock, authorized shares of preferred stock	100,000,000	100,000,000
Common stock held in treasury, shares	13,574,296	11,402,103
Series J Preferred stock
Preferred stock stated dividend rate percentage	8.375%	8.375%
Series J 8 3/8% cumulative redeemable preferred stock, shares authorized	1,000,000	1,000,000
Series J 8 3/8% cumulative redeemable preferred stock, shares issued	796,948	796,948
Series J 8 3/8% cumulative redeemable preferred stock, shares outstanding	796,948	796,948
Preferred units, Liquidation value (in dollars)	$ 39,847	$ 39,847
Common stock
Common stock, par value (in dollars per share)	$ 0.0001	$ 0.0001
Common stock, shares authorized	511,990,000	511,990,000
Common stock, shares issued	320,435,256	320,411,571
Common stock, shares outstanding	320,435,256	320,411,571
Class B common stock
Common stock, par value (in dollars per share)	$ 0.0001	$ 0.0001
Common stock, shares authorized	10,000	10,000
Common stock, shares issued	8,000	8,000
Common stock, shares outstanding	8,000	8,000
Simon Property Group, L.P.
Preferred units, units outstanding	796,948	796,948
Preferred units, Liquidation value (in dollars)	$ 39,847	$ 39,847
General Partner, units outstanding	306,868,960	309,017,468
Limited Partners, units outstanding	46,755,384	46,807,372

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Consolidated Statements of Equity (Parenthetical) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2019	Jun. 30, 2019	Mar. 31, 2019	Sep. 30, 2018	Jun. 30, 2018	Mar. 31, 2018
Exchange of limited partner units, (in shares)			24,000	86,732		6,000
Issuance of limited partner, units				475,183
Stock incentive program, shares, net	1,534	89,368			51,520	236
Redemption of Limited Partner Units	27,214		774		8,716	40,503
Treasury stock purchase, shares	1,154,117	1,046,580	46,377		514,659	1,473,588
Issuance of equivalents units		14,853	1,483		17,072	1,608
Net income attributable to preferred interests in the Operating Partnership (in dollars)	$ 479	$ 478	$ 479	$ 479	$ 478	$ 479
Net income (loss) attributable to noncontrolling redeemable interests in properties (in dollars)	$ 5	$ (28)	$ (1,065)	$ 180	$ 60	$ (619)
Simon Property Group, L.P.
Limited partner units exchanged to common units			24,000	86,732		6,000
Issuance of limited partner, units				475,183
Stock incentive program, units, net	1,534	89,368			51,520	236
Redemption of Limited Partner Units	27,214		774		8,716	40,503
Treasury unit purchase, units	1,154,117	1,046,580	46,377		514,659	1,473,588
Issuance of equivalents units		14,853	1,483		17,072	1,608
Net income, attributable to preferred distributions on temporary equity preferred units (in dollars)	$ 479	$ 478	$ 479	$ 479	$ 478	$ 479
Net income (loss) attributable to noncontrolling redeemable interests in properties (in dollars)	$ 5	$ (28)	$ (1,065)	$ 180	$ 60	$ (619)

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Investment in Unconsolidated Entities and International Investments

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2019

Investment in Unconsolidated Entities

Investments in Unconsolidated Entities and International Investments

6. Investment in Unconsolidated Entities and International Investments

Real Estate Joint Ventures and Investments

Joint ventures are common in the real estate industry. We use joint ventures to finance properties, develop new properties and diversify our risk in a particular property or portfolio of properties.  As discussed in note 2, we held joint venture interests in 82 properties as of September 30, 2019.

Certain of our joint venture properties are subject to various rights of first refusal, buy-sell provisions, put and call rights, or other sale or marketing rights for partners which are customary in real estate joint venture agreements and the industry. We and our partners in these joint ventures may initiate these provisions (subject to any applicable lock up or similar restrictions), which

may result in either the sale of our interest or the use of available cash or borrowings, or the use of limited partnership interests in the Operating Partnership, to acquire the joint venture interest from our partner.

We may provide financing to joint ventures primarily in the form of interest bearing construction loans. As of September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018, we had construction loans and other advances to related parties totaling $85.7 million and $85.8 million, respectively, which are included in deferred costs and other assets in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets.

Unconsolidated Entity Transactions

On October 16, 2019, we contributed approximately $276.8 million consisting of cash and the Shop Premium Outlets, or SPO, assets for a 45% noncontrolling interest in Rue Gilt Groupe, or RGG, to create a new multi-platform venture dedicated to digital value shopping.

On September 19, 2019, as discussed in note 4, we acquired the remaining 50% interest in a hotel adjacent to one of our properties from our joint venture partner. As a result of this acquisition, we now own 100% of this property.

During the first quarter of 2019, we disposed of our interests in a multi-family residential investment. Our share of the gross proceeds was $17.3 million. The gain of $15.6 million is included in other income in the accompanying consolidated statement of operations and comprehensive income.

On September 25, 2018, as discussed in note 4, we acquired the remaining 50% interest in The Outlets at Orange from our joint venture partner. The Operating Partnership issued 475,183 units at a price of $176.99 to acquire this remaining interest. As a result of this acquisition, we now own 100% of this property.

As of September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018, we had an 11.7% legal noncontrolling equity interest in HBS, a joint venture we formed with Hudson’s Bay Company.  Our share of net (loss) income, net of amortization of our excess investment, was ($5.2) million and $4.3 million for the three months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively, and ($13.3) million and $11.9 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively. Total revenues, operating income and consolidated net (loss) income of HBS were approximately $100.2 million, $13.8 million and ($23.9) million, respectively, for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 and $258.8 million, $162.2 million and $90.6 million, respectively, for the nine months ended September 30, 2018.

On June 7, 2018, Aventura Mall, a property in which we own a 33.3% interest, refinanced its $1.2 billion mortgage and its $200.8 million construction loan with a $1.75 billion mortgage at a fixed interest rate of 4.12% that matures on July 1, 2028.  An early repayment charge of $30.9 million was incurred at the property, which along with the write-off of deferred debt issuance costs of $6.5 million, is included in interest expense in the accompanying combined joint venture statements of operations.  Our $12.5 million share of the charge associated with the repayment is included in income from unconsolidated entities in the accompanying consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income.  Excess proceeds from the financing were distributed to the venture partners in June 2018.

In May 2017, Colorado Mills, a property in which we have a 37.5% interest, sustained significant hail damage.  During the second quarter of 2017, the property recorded an impairment charge of approximately $32.5 million based on the net carrying value of the assets damaged, which was fully offset by anticipated insurance recoveries.  As of September 30, 2019, the property had received business interruption proceeds and also property damage proceeds of $66.8 million. As of September 30, 2018, the property had received business interruption proceeds and property damage proceeds of $58.3 million, which resulted in the property recording a $25.8 million gain in 2018.  Our share of the gain, $9.7 million, is reflected within the gain on sale or disposal of, or recovery on, assets and interests in unconsolidated entities and impairment, net in the accompanying consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income.

On September 15, 2016, we and a group of co-investors acquired certain assets and liabilities of Aéropostale, a retailer of apparel and accessories, out of bankruptcy.  The interests were acquired through two separate joint ventures, a licensing venture and an operating venture.  In April 2018, we contributed our entire interest in the licensing venture in exchange for additional

interests in ABG, a brand development, marketing, and entertainment company.  As a result, we recognized a $35.6 million non-cash gain representing the increase in value of our previously held interest in the licensing venture, which is included in other income in the accompanying consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income.  At September 30, 2019, our noncontrolling equity method interests in the operations venture of Aéropostale and in ABG were 44.95% and 5.40%, respectively.

European Investments

At September 30, 2019, we owned 63,924,148 shares, or approximately 21.9%, of Klépierre, which had a quoted market price of $34.02 per share. Our share of net income, net of amortization of our excess investment, was $35.4 million and $22.4 million for the three months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively, and $74.4 million and $70.0 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively. Based on applicable Euro:USD exchange rates and after our conversion of Klépierre’s results to GAAP, Klépierre’s total revenues, operating income and consolidated net income were approximately $1.1 billion, $481.0 million and $415.9 million, respectively, for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 and $1.2 billion, $496.4 million and $485.8 million, respectively, for the nine months ended September 30, 2018.

During the nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, Klépierre completed the disposal of its interests in certain shopping centers.  In connection with these disposals, we recorded gains of $12.8 million and $13.4 million, respectively, representing our share of the gains recognized by Klépierre, which is included in gain on sale or disposal of, or recovery on, assets and interests in unconsolidated entities and impairment, net in the accompanying consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income.

We have an interest in a European investee that had interests in nine Designer Outlet properties as of September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018, respectively. As of September 30, 2019, our legal percentage ownership interests in these properties ranged from 45% to 94%.

In addition, we have a 50.0% noncontrolling interest in a European property management and development company that provides services to the Designer Outlet properties.

We also have minority interests in Value Retail PLC and affiliated entities, which own or have interests in and operate nine luxury outlets located throughout Europe and we also have a direct minority ownership in three of those outlets. At September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018, the carrying value of these equity instruments without readily determinable fair values was $140.8 million and is included in deferred costs and other assets.

Asian Joint Ventures

We conduct our international Premium Outlet operations in Japan through a joint venture with Mitsubishi Estate Co., Ltd. We have a 40% noncontrolling ownership interest in this joint venture. The carrying amount of our investment in this joint venture was $205.8 million and $232.1 million as of September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018, respectively, including all related components of accumulated other comprehensive income (loss). We conduct our international Premium Outlet operations in South Korea through a joint venture with Shinsegae International Co. We have a 50% noncontrolling ownership interest in this joint venture. The carrying amount of our investment in this joint venture was $167.0 million and $166.3 million as of September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018, respectively, including all related components of accumulated other comprehensive income (loss).

Summary Financial Information

A summary of our equity method investments and share of income from such investments, excluding Klépierre, Aéropostale, ABG, and HBS follows.

COMBINED BALANCE SHEETS

	September 30,		December 31,
	2019		2018
Assets:
Investment properties, at cost	$	19,259,601	$	18,807,449
Less - accumulated depreciation		7,263,363		6,834,633
		11,996,238		11,972,816
Cash and cash equivalents		880,648		1,076,398
Tenant receivables and accrued revenue, net		475,710		445,148
Deferred costs and other assets		581,435		390,818
Total assets	$	13,934,031	$	13,885,180
Liabilities and Partners’ Deficit:
Mortgages	$	15,217,266	$	15,235,415
Accounts payable, accrued expenses, intangibles, and deferred revenue		942,250		976,311
Other liabilities		521,518		344,205
Total liabilities		16,681,034		16,555,931
Preferred units		67,450		67,450
Partners’ deficit		(2,814,453)		(2,738,201)
Total liabilities and partners’ deficit	$	13,934,031	$	13,885,180
Our Share of:
Partners’ deficit	$	(1,227,239)	$	(1,168,216)
Add: Excess Investment		1,540,770		1,594,198
Our net Investment in unconsolidated entities, at equity	$	313,531	$	425,982

“Excess Investment” represents the unamortized difference of our investment over our share of the equity in the underlying net assets of the joint ventures or other investments acquired and has been determined to primarily relate to the fair value of the investment properties, intangible assets, and debt premiums and discounts. We amortize excess investment over the life of the related depreciable components of assets acquired, typically no greater than 40 years, the terms of the applicable leases, the estimated useful lives of the finite lived intangibles, and the applicable debt maturity, respectively. The amortization is included in the reported amount of income from unconsolidated entities.

COMBINED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS

	For the Three Months Ended				For the Nine Months Ended
	September 30,				September 30,
	2019		2018		2019		2018
REVENUE:
Lease income	$	766,740	$	756,955	$	2,285,848	$	2,259,451
Other income		79,025		73,259		234,337		232,747
Total revenue		845,765		830,214		2,520,185		2,492,198
OPERATING EXPENSES:
Property operating		149,759		151,873		434,742		437,718
Depreciation and amortization		171,407		161,964		512,070		488,098
Real estate taxes		64,172		60,654		200,698		197,497
Repairs and maintenance		20,729		20,035		61,938		63,968
Advertising and promotion		19,831		20,318		63,852		65,425
Other		45,747		43,916		142,806		143,533
Total operating expenses		471,645		458,760		1,416,106		1,396,239
Operating Income Before Other Items		374,120		371,454		1,104,079		1,095,959
Interest expense		(159,971)		(163,855)		(473,914)		(505,540)
Gain on sale or disposal of, or recovery on, assets and interests in unconsolidated entities, net		—		—		21,587		25,792
Net Income	$	214,149	$	207,599	$	651,752	$	616,211
Third-Party Investors’ Share of Net Income	$	108,792	$	101,750	$	332,078	$	304,174
Our Share of Net Income		105,357		105,849		319,674		312,037
Amortization of Excess Investment		(20,846)		(21,526)		(62,413)		(64,447)
Our Share of Gain on Sale or Disposal of Assets and Interest in Other Income in the Consolidated Financial Statements		—		—		(9,156)		—
Our Share of Gain on Sale or Disposal of, or Recovery on, Assets and Interests in Unconsolidated Entities, net		—		—		—		(9,672)
Income from Unconsolidated Entities	$	84,511	$	84,323	$	248,105	$	237,918

Our share of income from unconsolidated entities in the above table, aggregated with our share of the results of Klépierre, Aéropostale, ABG, and HBS, is presented in income from unconsolidated entities in the accompanying consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income.  Unless otherwise noted, our share of the gain on sale or disposal of, or recovery on, assets and interests in unconsolidated entities, net is reflected within gain on sale or disposal of, or recovery on, assets and interests in unconsolidated entities and impairment, net in the accompanying consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income.

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Commitments and Contingencies

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2019

Commitments and Contingencies.

Commitments and Contingencies

10. Commitments and Contingencies

Litigation

We are involved from time-to-time in various legal and regulatory proceedings that arise in the ordinary course of our business, including, but not limited to, commercial disputes, environmental matters, and litigation in connection with transactions such as acquisitions and divestitures. We believe that current proceedings will not have a material adverse effect on our financial condition, liquidity, or results of operations. We record a liability when a loss is considered probable and the amount can be reasonably estimated.

During the first quarter of 2019, we settled a lawsuit with our former insurance broker, Aon Risk Services Central Inc., related to the significant flood damage sustained at Opry Mills in May 2010. In accordance with a previous agreement with the prior co-investor in Opry Mills, a portion of the settlement was remitted to the co-investor. Our share of the settlement was approximately $68.0 million, which was recorded as other income in the accompanying consolidated statement of operations and comprehensive income.

Lease Commitments

As of September 30, 2019, a total of 23 of our consolidated properties are subject to ground leases.  The termination dates of these ground leases range from 2019 to 2090, including periods for which exercising an extension option is reasonably assured.  These ground leases generally require us to make fixed annual rental payments, or a fixed annual rental payment plus a percentage rent component based upon the revenues or total sales of the property.  In addition, we have several regional office locations that are subject to leases with termination dates ranging from 2019 to 2028.  These office leases generally require us to make fixed annual rental payments plus pay our share of common area, real estate, and utility expenses.  Some of our ground and office leases include escalation clauses.  All of our lease arrangements are classified as operating leases.  We incurred ground lease

expense and office lease expense, which are included in other expense and home office and regional expense, respectively, as follows:

	For the Three Months Ended		For the Nine Months Ended
	September 30, 2019		September 30, 2019
Lease Cost
Operating lease cost	$	7,937	$	23,045
Variable lease cost		4,183		12,513
Sublease income		(208)		(542)
Total lease cost	$	11,912	$	35,016

For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018, we incurred $11,431 and $34,858 of lease expense, respectively.

	For the Nine Months Ended
	September 30, 2019
Other Information
Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of lease liabilities
Operating cash flows from operating leases	$	36,268
Weighted-average remaining lease term - operating leases		35.8 years
Weighted-average discount rate - operating leases		4.87%

Minimum lease payments due under these leases for years ending December 31, excluding applicable extension options and renewal options unless reasonably certain of exercise and any sublease income, are as follows:

2019	$	32,444
2020		32,438
2021		32,440
2022		32,451
2023		32,583
Thereafter		941,418
	$	1,103,774
Impact of discounting		(585,162)
Operating lease liabilities	$	518,612

Lease liabilities are included within other liabilities in the consolidated balance sheet.  Right of use assets are included within deferred costs and other assets in the consolidated balance sheet.  

Guarantees of Indebtedness

Joint venture debt is the liability of the joint venture and is typically secured by the joint venture property, which is non-recourse to us. As of September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018, the Operating Partnership guaranteed joint venture related mortgage indebtedness of $211.7 million and $216.1 million, respectively (of which we have a right of recovery from our venture partners of $10.8 million). Mortgages guaranteed by the Operating Partnership are secured by the property of the joint venture

which could be sold in order to satisfy the outstanding obligation and which has an estimated fair value in excess of the guaranteed amount.

Concentration of Credit Risk

Our U.S. Malls, Premium Outlets, and The Mills rely upon anchor tenants to attract customers; however, anchors do not contribute materially to our financial results as many anchors own their spaces. All material operations are within the United States and no customer or tenant accounts for 5% or more of our consolidated revenues.

Hurricane Impacts

During the third quarter of 2017, our two wholly-owned properties located in Puerto Rico sustained significant damage as a result of Hurricane Maria. Since the date of the loss, we have received $70.7 million of insurance proceeds from third-party carriers related to the two properties located in Puerto Rico, of which $43.6 million was used for property restoration and remediation and to reduce the insurance recovery receivable.  During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019, we recorded $1.6 million and $9.2 million, respectively, as business interruption income.  During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018, we recorded $17.0 million as business interruption income.  These amounts were recorded in other income in the accompanying consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income.

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Investments in Unconsolidated Entities and International Investments - Unconsolidated Entity Transactions (Details) $ / shares in Units, $ in Thousands					3 Months Ended				9 Months Ended		12 Months Ended	17 Months Ended	29 Months Ended
	Oct. 16, 2019 USD ($)	Sep. 25, 2018 $ / shares shares	Jun. 07, 2018 USD ($)	Sep. 15, 2016 item	Sep. 30, 2019 USD ($)	Mar. 31, 2019 USD ($)	Sep. 30, 2018 USD ($)	Jun. 30, 2017 USD ($)	Sep. 30, 2019 USD ($)	Sep. 30, 2018 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2018 USD ($)	Sep. 30, 2018 USD ($)	Sep. 30, 2019 USD ($)	Sep. 19, 2019	May 31, 2017
Investment in Unconsolidated Entities
Gain upon acquisition of controlling interests, sale or disposal of, or recovery on, assets and interests in unconsolidated entities and impairment, net					$ 10,141				$ 12,822	$ 144,949
Insurance proceeds recorded as business interruption									3,787	16,160
Gain on interest in unconsolidated entities										35,621
Share of net income, net of amortization of our excess investment					119,706		$ 134,408		316,691	325,263
Hotel
Investment in Unconsolidated Entities
Ownership interests acquired (as a percent)														50.00%
Ownership interest after acquisition (as a percent)														100.00%
Outlets at Orange
Investment in Unconsolidated Entities
Ownership interests acquired (as a percent)		50.00%
Ownership interest after acquisition (as a percent)		100.00%
Simon Property Group, L.P.
Investment in Unconsolidated Entities
Gain upon acquisition of controlling interests, sale or disposal of, or recovery on, assets and interests in unconsolidated entities and impairment, net					10,141				12,822	144,949
Insurance proceeds recorded as business interruption									3,787	16,160
Gain on interest in unconsolidated entities										35,621
Share of net income, net of amortization of our excess investment					$ 119,706		134,408		$ 316,691	325,263
Simon Property Group, L.P. | Outlets at Orange
Investment in Unconsolidated Entities
Number of units issued in connection with acquisition of the remaining interest in orange outlet | shares		475,183
Business acquisition price (in dollars per share) | $ / shares		$ 176.99
Colorado Mills
Investment in Unconsolidated Entities
Impairment charges								$ 32,500
Insurance proceeds recorded as business interruption												$ 58,300	$ 66,800
Gain on business interruption											$ 25,800
Aventura Mall
Investment in Unconsolidated Entities
Loan defeasance charge			$ 30,900
Write off of deferred debt issuance cost			6,500
Mortgages | Aventura Mall
Investment in Unconsolidated Entities
Debt refinanced			1,200,000
Construction loan | Aventura Mall
Investment in Unconsolidated Entities
Debt refinanced			200,800
4.12% fixed interest rate mortgage maturing July 2028 | Aventura Mall
Investment in Unconsolidated Entities
Debt issued			$ 1,750,000
Fixed interest rate (as a percent)			4.12%
Aventura Mall
Investment in Unconsolidated Entities
Ownership interest (as a percent)			33.30%
Share of early debt repayment charge			$ 12,500
Colorado Mills
Investment in Unconsolidated Entities
Ownership interest (as a percent)															37.50%
Gain upon acquisition of controlling interests, sale or disposal of, or recovery on, assets and interests in unconsolidated entities and impairment, net										9,700
Aeropostale
Investment in Unconsolidated Entities
Number of joint ventures | item				2
Aeropostale Retail Operations
Investment in Unconsolidated Entities
Ownership interest (as a percent)					44.95%				44.95%				44.95%
Authentic Brands Group LLC
Investment in Unconsolidated Entities
Ownership interest (as a percent)					5.40%				5.40%				5.40%
Gain on interest in unconsolidated entities									$ 35,600
HBS
Investment in Unconsolidated Entities
Ownership interest (as a percent)					11.70%				11.70%		11.70%		11.70%
Share of net income, net of amortization of our excess investment					$ (5,200)		$ 4,300		$ (13,300)	11,900
Total revenues									100,200	258,800
Total operating income									13,800	162,200
Consolidated net income									$ (23,900)	$ 90,600
Shop Premium Outlets
Investment in Unconsolidated Entities
Ownership interest (as a percent)	45.00%
Contribution to form joint venture	$ 276,800
Unconsolidated properties | Disposed by Sales | Residential properties
Investment in Unconsolidated Entities
Proceeds from sale or disposal of real estate assets						$ 17,300
Gain (loss) on disposition of interest in properties						$ 15,600

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Summary of Significant Accounting Policies - New Accounting Pronouncements (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended	9 Months Ended	12 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2018	Sep. 30, 2018	Dec. 31, 2018	Sep. 30, 2019	Jan. 01, 2019
New Accounting Pronouncements
Operating lease liabilities				$ 518,612
Operating lease maturity payments
2019				3,706,042
2020				3,482,815
2021				3,104,755
2022				2,705,820
2023				2,238,693
Thereafter				6,157,395
Total				$ 21,395,520
Minimum
New Accounting Pronouncements
Discount rate				3.97%
Maximum
New Accounting Pronouncements
Discount rate				5.52%
Accounting Standards Update 2016-02 | Restatement Adjustment
New Accounting Pronouncements
Right-of use assets for operating leases					$ 524,000
Operating lease liabilities					$ 524,000
Accounting Standards Update 2016-02 | Proforma Adjustment
New Accounting Pronouncements
Lease expenses	$ 11,800	$ 34,100	$ 45,000

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Summary of Significant Accounting Policies - Noncontrolling Interests, Simon Property Group, Inc. (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Sep. 30, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018
Significant Accounting Policies
Limited partners' interests in the Operating Partnership	$ 400,716	$ 492,877
Nonredeemable noncontrolling interests in properties, net	6,907	7,398
Total noncontrolling interests reflected in equity	$ 407,623	$ 500,275

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Commitments and Contingencies - Guarantees of Indebtedness (Details) - Joint Venture Mortgage and Indebtedness - USD ($) $ in Millions	Sep. 30, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018
Guarantees of Joint Venture Indebtedness:
Loan guarantee	$ 211.7	$ 216.1
Loan guarantees recoverable	$ 10.8	$ 10.8

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Consolidated Balance Sheets - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Sep. 30, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018
ASSETS:
Investment properties, at cost	$ 37,590,061	$ 37,092,670
Less - accumulated depreciation	13,707,832	12,884,539
Investment properties, at cost, net	23,882,229	24,208,131
Cash and cash equivalents	3,647,230	514,335
Tenant receivables and accrued revenue, net	775,617	763,815
Investment in unconsolidated entities, at equity	2,121,558	2,220,414
Investment in Klepierre, at equity	1,614,109	1,769,488
Deferred costs and other assets	1,803,483	1,210,040
Total assets	33,844,226	30,686,223
LIABILITIES:
Mortgages and unsecured indebtedness	26,643,879	23,305,535
Accounts payable, accrued expenses, intangibles, and deferred revenues	1,324,110	1,316,861
Cash distributions and losses in unconsolidated entities, at equity	1,568,150	1,536,111
Other liabilities	1,001,048	500,597
Total liabilities	30,537,187	26,659,104
Commitments and contingencies
Limited partners' preferred interest in the Operating Partnership and noncontrolling redeemable interests in properties	226,887	230,163
Capital stock (850,000,000 total shares authorized, $0.0001 par value, 238,000,000 shares of excess common stock, 100,000,000 authorized shares of preferred stock):
Series J 83/8% cumulative redeemable preferred stock, 1,000,000 shares authorized, 796,948 issued and outstanding with a liquidation value of $39,847	42,502	42,748
Capital in excess of par value	9,748,255	9,700,418
Accumulated deficit	(5,223,093)	(4,893,069)
Accumulated other comprehensive loss	(121,596)	(126,017)
Common stock held in treasury, at cost, 13,574,296 and 11,402,103 shares, respectively	(1,773,571)	(1,427,431)
Total stockholders' equity	2,672,529	3,296,681
Noncontrolling interests	407,623	500,275
Total equity	3,080,152	3,796,956
Total liabilities and equity	33,844,226	30,686,223
Simon Property Group, L.P.
ASSETS:
Investment properties, at cost	37,590,061	37,092,670
Less - accumulated depreciation	13,707,832	12,884,539
Investment properties, at cost, net	23,882,229	24,208,131
Cash and cash equivalents	3,647,230	514,335
Tenant receivables and accrued revenue, net	775,617	763,815
Investment in unconsolidated entities, at equity	2,121,558	2,220,414
Investment in Klepierre, at equity	1,614,109	1,769,488
Deferred costs and other assets	1,803,483	1,210,040
Total assets	33,844,226	30,686,223
LIABILITIES:
Mortgages and unsecured indebtedness	26,643,879	23,305,535
Accounts payable, accrued expenses, intangibles, and deferred revenues	1,324,110	1,316,861
Cash distributions and losses in unconsolidated entities, at equity	1,568,150	1,536,111
Other liabilities	1,001,048	500,597
Total liabilities	30,537,187	26,659,104
Commitments and contingencies
Limited partners' preferred interest in the Operating Partnership and noncontrolling redeemable interests in properties	226,887	230,163
Capital stock (850,000,000 total shares authorized, $0.0001 par value, 238,000,000 shares of excess common stock, 100,000,000 authorized shares of preferred stock):
Preferred units, 796,948 units outstanding. Liquidation value of $39,847	42,502	42,748
General Partner, 306,868,960 and 309,017,468 units outstanding, respectively	2,630,027	3,253,933
Limited Partners, 46,755,384 and 46,807,372 units outstanding, respectively	400,716	492,877
Total partners' equity	3,073,245	3,789,558
Nonredeemable noncontrolling interests in properties, net	6,907	7,398
Total equity	3,080,152	3,796,956
Total liabilities and equity	33,844,226	30,686,223
Common stock
Capital stock (850,000,000 total shares authorized, $0.0001 par value, 238,000,000 shares of excess common stock, 100,000,000 authorized shares of preferred stock):
Common stock	32	32
Class B common stock
Capital stock (850,000,000 total shares authorized, $0.0001 par value, 238,000,000 shares of excess common stock, 100,000,000 authorized shares of preferred stock):
Common stock

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Consolidated Statements of Equity - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Simon Property Group, L.P. Simon (Managing General Partner)	Simon Property Group, L.P. Limited Partners	Simon Property Group, L.P. Preferred Stock	Simon Property Group, L.P. Noncontrolling Interests	Simon Property Group, L.P.	Preferred Stock	Common Stock	Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)	Capital in Excess of Par Value	Accumulated Deficit	Common Stock Held in Treasury	Noncontrolling Interests	Total
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity
Cumulative effect of accounting change	$ 7,264				$ 7,264					$ 7,264			$ 7,264
Balance at Dec. 31, 2017						$ 43,077	$ 32	$ (110,453)	$ 9,614,748	(4,782,173)	$ (1,079,063)	$ 552,596	4,238,764
Balance at Dec. 31, 2017	3,643,091	$ 548,858	$ 43,077	$ 3,738	4,238,764
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity
Exchange of limited partner units (24,000, 6,000 and 86, 732 common shares respectively in three months ended March 2019, 2018 and Sept 2018 Note 8 and 10)									70			(70)
Series J preferred stock premium amortization			(83)		(83)	(83)							(83)
Limited partner units exchanged to common units	70	(70)
Stock incentive program (89,368,1,534, 236 and 51,520 common shares/units, net for the three months ended June and Sept 2019, March and June 2018 respectively									(37)		37
Redemption of limited partner units (774, 40,503 and 27,214 units for the three months ended March 2019 and 2018 and Sep 2019 respectively)	(5,793)	(474)			(6,267)				(5,793)			(474)	(6,267)
Amortization of stock incentive	2,060				2,060				2,060				2,060
Treasury stock purchase (46,377 and 1,473,588 shares for the three months ended March 2019 and 2018 and respectively and 1,046,580 and 514,659 shares for the three months ended June 2019 and 2018 respectively and 1,154,117 for the three months ended Sept 2019 respectively)											(227,901)		(227,901)
Treasury unit purchase (46,377 and 1,473,588 unitss for the three months ended March 2019 and 2018 respectively and 1,046,580 and 514,659 units for the three months ended June 2019 and 2018 respectively)	(227,901)				(227,901)
Long-term incentive performance units		8,307			8,307							8,307	8,307
Issuance of unit equivalents and other	(15,208)			24	(15,184)				3	(14,935)	(276)	24	(15,184)
Unrealized gain (loss) on derivative hedge agreements	(5,342)	(804)			(6,146)			(5,342)				(804)	(6,146)
Net loss reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive loss into earnings	1,870	283			2,153			1,870				283	2,153
Currency translation adjustments	11,429	1,663			13,092			11,429				1,663	13,092
Changes in available-for-sale securities and other	(251)	(38)			(289)			(251)				(38)	(289)
Other comprehensive income	7,706	1,104			8,810			7,706				1,104	8,810
Adjustment to limited partners' interest from change in ownership in the Operating Partnership	36,221	(36,221)							36,221			(36,221)
Distributions to common stockholders and limited partners, excluding Operating Partnership preferred interests										(606,086)		(91,523)	(697,609)
Distributions to other noncontrolling interest partners												(489)	(489)
Distributions to limited partners, excluding preferred interests classified as temporary equity	(605,252)	(91,523)	(834)	(489)	(698,098)
Net income, excluding amounts attributable to preferred interests in the Operating Partnership and nonredeemable interests in properties	620,654	93,649	834	527	715,664					621,488		94,176	715,664
Balance at Mar. 31, 2018						42,994	32	(102,747)	9,647,272	(4,774,442)	(1,307,203)	527,430	4,033,336
Balance at Mar. 31, 2018	3,462,912	523,630	42,994	3,800	4,033,336
Balance at Dec. 31, 2017						43,077	32	(110,453)	9,614,748	(4,782,173)	(1,079,063)	552,596	4,238,764
Balance at Dec. 31, 2017	3,643,091	548,858	43,077	3,738	4,238,764
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity
Unrealized gain (loss) on derivative hedge agreements					20,355								20,355
Net loss reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive loss into earnings					5,929								5,929
Currency translation adjustments					(35,797)								(35,797)
Changes in available-for-sale securities and other					(88)								(88)
Balance at Sep. 30, 2018						42,830	32	(118,593)	9,736,720	(4,896,754)	(1,380,619)	513,885	3,897,501
Balance at Sep. 30, 2018	3,340,786	509,943	42,830	3,942	3,897,501
Balance at Mar. 31, 2018						42,994	32	(102,747)	9,647,272	(4,774,442)	(1,307,203)	527,430	4,033,336
Balance at Mar. 31, 2018	3,462,912	523,630	42,994	3,800	4,033,336
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity
Series J preferred stock premium amortization			(82)		(82)	(82)							(82)
Stock incentive program (89,368,1,534, 236 and 51,520 common shares/units, net for the three months ended June and Sept 2019, March and June 2018 respectively									(8,614)		8,614
Redemption of limited partner units (774, 40,503 and 27,214 units for the three months ended March 2019 and 2018 and Sep 2019 respectively)	(1,254)	(98)			(1,352)				(1,254)			(98)	(1,352)
Amortization of stock incentive	3,912				3,912				3,912				3,912
Treasury stock purchase (46,377 and 1,473,588 shares for the three months ended March 2019 and 2018 and respectively and 1,046,580 and 514,659 shares for the three months ended June 2019 and 2018 respectively and 1,154,117 for the three months ended Sept 2019 respectively)											(79,395)		(79,395)
Treasury unit purchase (46,377 and 1,473,588 unitss for the three months ended March 2019 and 2018 respectively and 1,046,580 and 514,659 units for the three months ended June 2019 and 2018 respectively)	(79,395)				(79,395)
Long-term incentive performance units		7,462			7,462							7,462	7,462
Issuance of unit equivalents and other	(5,778)	1		89	(5,688)				(2)	(3,141)	(2,635)	90	(5,688)
Unrealized gain (loss) on derivative hedge agreements	18,462	2,797			21,259			18,462				2,797	21,259
Net loss reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive loss into earnings	1,898	288			2,186			1,898				288	2,186
Currency translation adjustments	(33,092)	(5,034)			(38,126)			(33,092)				(5,034)	(38,126)
Changes in available-for-sale securities and other	194	29			223			194				29	223
Other comprehensive income	(12,538)	(1,920)			(14,458)			(12,538)				(1,920)	(14,458)
Adjustment to limited partners' interest from change in ownership in the Operating Partnership	16,496	(16,496)							16,496			(16,496)
Distributions to common stockholders and limited partners, excluding Operating Partnership preferred interests										(604,082)		(91,426)	(695,508)
Distributions to other noncontrolling interest partners												(475)	(475)
Distributions to limited partners, excluding preferred interests classified as temporary equity	(603,247)	(91,426)	(835)	(475)	(695,983)
Net income, excluding amounts attributable to preferred interests in the Operating Partnership and nonredeemable interests in properties										547,839		83,037	630,876
Net income, excluding $1,915, $1,915 and $1,915 attributable to preferred interests in the Operating Partnership during 2016, 2015 and 2014, respectively and $4,301 attributable to noncontrolling redeemable interests in properties in 2016)	547,004	82,819	835	218	630,876
Balance at Jun. 30, 2018						42,912	32	(115,285)	9,657,810	(4,833,826)	(1,380,619)	507,604	3,878,628
Balance at Jun. 30, 2018	3,328,112	503,972	42,912	3,632	3,878,628
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity
Exchange of limited partner units (24,000, 6,000 and 86, 732 common shares respectively in three months ended March 2019, 2018 and Sept 2018 Note 8 and 10)									934			(934)
Issuance of limited partner units (475,183 units)		84,103			84,103							84,103	84,103
Series J preferred stock premium amortization			(82)		(82)	(82)							(82)
Limited partner units exchanged to common units	934	(934)
Amortization of stock incentive	2,987				2,987				2,987				2,987
Long-term incentive performance units		7,885			7,885							7,885	7,885
Issuance of unit equivalents and other	(588)	(1)		48	(541)				(1)	(587)		47	(541)
Unrealized gain (loss) on derivative hedge agreements	4,525	716			5,241			4,525				716	5,241
Net loss reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive loss into earnings	1,376	215			1,591			1,376				215	1,591
Currency translation adjustments	(9,190)	(1,573)			(10,763)			(9,190)				(1,573)	(10,763)
Changes in available-for-sale securities and other	(19)	(3)			(22)			(19)				(3)	(22)
Other comprehensive income	(3,308)	(645)			(3,953)			(3,308)				(645)	(3,953)
Adjustment to limited partners' interest from change in ownership in the Operating Partnership	74,990	(74,990)							74,990			(74,990)
Distributions to common stockholders and limited partners, excluding Operating Partnership preferred interests										(619,442)		(93,581)	(713,023)
Distributions to other noncontrolling interest partners												(56)	(56)
Distributions to limited partners, excluding preferred interests classified as temporary equity	(618,608)	(93,581)	(834)	(56)	(713,079)
Net income, excluding amounts attributable to preferred interests in the Operating Partnership and nonredeemable interests in properties	556,267	84,134	834	318	641,553					557,101		84,452	641,553
Balance at Sep. 30, 2018						42,830	32	(118,593)	9,736,720	(4,896,754)	(1,380,619)	513,885	3,897,501
Balance at Sep. 30, 2018	3,340,786	509,943	42,830	3,942	3,897,501
Balance at Dec. 31, 2018						42,748	32	(126,017)	9,700,418	(4,893,069)	(1,427,431)	500,275	3,796,956
Balance at Dec. 31, 2018	3,253,933	492,877	42,748	7,398	3,796,956
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity
Exchange of limited partner units (24,000, 6,000 and 86, 732 common shares respectively in three months ended March 2019, 2018 and Sept 2018 Note 8 and 10)									253			(253)
Series J preferred stock premium amortization			(82)		(82)	(82)							(82)
Limited partner units exchanged to common units	253	(253)
Redemption of limited partner units (774, 40,503 and 27,214 units for the three months ended March 2019 and 2018 and Sep 2019 respectively)	(127)	(8)			(135)				(127)			(8)	(135)
Amortization of stock incentive	1,309				1,309				1,309				1,309
Treasury stock purchase (46,377 and 1,473,588 shares for the three months ended March 2019 and 2018 and respectively and 1,046,580 and 514,659 shares for the three months ended June 2019 and 2018 respectively and 1,154,117 for the three months ended Sept 2019 respectively)											(7,628)		(7,628)
Treasury unit purchase (46,377 and 1,473,588 unitss for the three months ended March 2019 and 2018 respectively and 1,046,580 and 514,659 units for the three months ended June 2019 and 2018 respectively)	(7,628)				(7,628)
Long-term incentive performance units		3,701			3,701							3,701	3,701
Issuance of unit equivalents and other	(1,756)	(2)			(1,758)				1	(1,507)	(250)	(2)	(1,758)
Unrealized gain (loss) on derivative hedge agreements	8,115	1,227			9,342			8,115				1,227	9,342
Net loss reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive loss into earnings	945	143			1,088			945				143	1,088
Currency translation adjustments	(4,130)	(614)			(4,744)			(4,130)				(614)	(4,744)
Changes in available-for-sale securities and other	125	19			144			125				19	144
Other comprehensive income	5,055	775			5,830			5,055				775	5,830
Adjustment to limited partners' interest from change in ownership in the Operating Partnership	4,167	(4,167)							4,167			(4,167)
Distributions to common stockholders and limited partners, excluding Operating Partnership preferred interests										(634,222)		(96,010)	(730,232)
Distributions to other noncontrolling interest partners												(552)	(552)
Distributions to limited partners, excluding preferred interests classified as temporary equity	(633,388)	(96,010)	(834)	(552)	(730,784)
Net income, excluding amounts attributable to preferred interests in the Operating Partnership and nonredeemable interests in properties	548,475	83,076	834	148	632,533					549,309		83,224	632,533
Balance at Mar. 31, 2019						42,666	32	(120,962)	9,706,021	(4,979,489)	(1,435,309)	486,983	3,699,942
Balance at Mar. 31, 2019	3,170,293	479,989	42,666	6,994	3,699,942
Balance at Dec. 31, 2018						42,748	32	(126,017)	9,700,418	(4,893,069)	(1,427,431)	500,275	3,796,956
Balance at Dec. 31, 2018	3,253,933	492,877	42,748	7,398	3,796,956
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity
Unrealized gain (loss) on derivative hedge agreements					15,227								15,227
Net loss reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive loss into earnings					3,261								3,261
Currency translation adjustments					(14,656)								(14,656)
Changes in available-for-sale securities and other					1,151								1,151
Balance at Sep. 30, 2019						42,502	32	(121,596)	9,748,255	(5,223,093)	(1,773,571)	407,623	3,080,152
Balance at Sep. 30, 2019	2,630,027	400,716	42,502	6,907	3,080,152
Balance at Mar. 31, 2019						42,666	32	(120,962)	9,706,021	(4,979,489)	(1,435,309)	486,983	3,699,942
Balance at Mar. 31, 2019	3,170,293	479,989	42,666	6,994	3,699,942
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity
Series J preferred stock premium amortization			(82)		(82)	(82)							(82)
Stock incentive program (89,368,1,534, 236 and 51,520 common shares/units, net for the three months ended June and Sept 2019, March and June 2018 respectively									(16,340)		16,340
Amortization of stock incentive	5,098				5,098				5,098				5,098
Treasury stock purchase (46,377 and 1,473,588 shares for the three months ended March 2019 and 2018 and respectively and 1,046,580 and 514,659 shares for the three months ended June 2019 and 2018 respectively and 1,154,117 for the three months ended Sept 2019 respectively)											(173,630)		(173,630)
Treasury unit purchase (46,377 and 1,473,588 unitss for the three months ended March 2019 and 2018 respectively and 1,046,580 and 514,659 units for the three months ended June 2019 and 2018 respectively)	(173,630)				(173,630)
Long-term incentive performance units		7,721			7,721							7,721	7,721
Issuance of unit equivalents and other	(7,960)	1		69	(7,890)				11	(5,265)	(2,706)	70	(7,890)
Unrealized gain (loss) on derivative hedge agreements	(6,113)	(909)			(7,022)			(6,113)				(909)	(7,022)
Net loss reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive loss into earnings	942	144			1,086			942				144	1,086
Currency translation adjustments	(3,078)	(545)			(3,623)			(3,078)				(545)	(3,623)
Changes in available-for-sale securities and other	468	71			539			468				71	539
Other comprehensive income	(7,781)	(1,239)			(9,020)			(7,781)				(1,239)	(9,020)
Adjustment to limited partners' interest from change in ownership in the Operating Partnership	28,588	(28,588)							28,588			(28,588)
Distributions to common stockholders and limited partners, excluding Operating Partnership preferred interests										(633,686)		(95,977)	(729,663)
Distributions to other noncontrolling interest partners												(455)	(455)
Distributions to limited partners, excluding preferred interests classified as temporary equity	(632,851)	(95,977)	(835)	(455)	(730,118)
Net income, excluding amounts attributable to preferred interests in the Operating Partnership and nonredeemable interests in properties	495,324	75,066	835	426	571,651					496,159		75,492	571,651
Balance at Jun. 30, 2019						42,584	32	(128,743)	9,723,378	(5,122,281)	(1,595,305)	444,007	3,363,672
Balance at Jun. 30, 2019	2,877,081	436,973	42,584	7,034	3,363,672
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity
Series J preferred stock premium amortization			(82)		(82)	(82)							(82)
Stock incentive program (89,368,1,534, 236 and 51,520 common shares/units, net for the three months ended June and Sept 2019, March and June 2018 respectively									(249)		249
Redemption of limited partner units (774, 40,503 and 27,214 units for the three months ended March 2019 and 2018 and Sep 2019 respectively)	(4,160)	(254)			(4,414)				(4,160)			(254)	(4,414)
Amortization of stock incentive	3,042				3,042				3,042				3,042
Treasury stock purchase (46,377 and 1,473,588 shares for the three months ended March 2019 and 2018 and respectively and 1,046,580 and 514,659 shares for the three months ended June 2019 and 2018 respectively and 1,154,117 for the three months ended Sept 2019 respectively)											(178,515)		(178,515)
Treasury unit purchase (46,377 and 1,473,588 unitss for the three months ended March 2019 and 2018 respectively and 1,046,580 and 514,659 units for the three months ended June 2019 and 2018 respectively)	(178,515)				(178,515)
Long-term incentive performance units		4,664			4,664							4,664	4,664
Issuance of unit equivalents and other	(136)			35	(101)				7	(143)		35	(101)
Unrealized gain (loss) on derivative hedge agreements	11,186	1,721			12,907			11,186				1,721	12,907
Net loss reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive loss into earnings	943	144			1,087			943				144	1,087
Currency translation adjustments	(5,388)	(901)			(6,288)			(5,388)				(901)	(6,288)
Changes in available-for-sale securities and other	406	62			468			406				62	468
Other comprehensive income	7,147	1,026			8,173			7,147				1,026	8,173
Adjustment to limited partners' interest from change in ownership in the Operating Partnership	26,237	(26,237)							26,237			(26,237)
Distributions to common stockholders and limited partners, excluding Operating Partnership preferred interests										(645,757)		(98,275)	(744,032)
Distributions to other noncontrolling interest partners												(495)	(495)
Distributions to limited partners, excluding preferred interests classified as temporary equity	(644,923)	(98,275)	(834)	(495)	(744,527)
Net income, excluding amounts attributable to preferred interests in the Operating Partnership and nonredeemable interests in properties	544,254	82,819	834	333	628,240					545,088		83,152	628,240
Balance at Sep. 30, 2019						$ 42,502	$ 32	$ (121,596)	$ 9,748,255	$ (5,223,093)	$ (1,773,571)	$ 407,623	$ 3,080,152
Balance at Sep. 30, 2019	$ 2,630,027	$ 400,716	$ 42,502	$ 6,907	$ 3,080,152

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Per Share and Per Unit Data

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2019

Per Share and Per Unit Data

Per Share and Per Unit Data

5. Per Share and Per Unit Data

We determine basic earnings per share and basic earnings per unit based on the weighted average number of shares of common stock or units, as applicable, outstanding during the period and we consider any participating securities for purposes of

applying the two-class method. We determine diluted earnings per share and diluted earnings per unit based on the weighted average number of shares of common stock or units, as applicable, outstanding combined with the incremental weighted average number of shares or units, as applicable, that would have been outstanding assuming all potentially dilutive securities were converted into shares of common stock or units, as applicable, at the earliest date possible. The following tables set forth the components of basic and diluted earnings per share and basic and diluted earnings per unit.

Simon

	For the Three Months Ended September 30,				For the Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2019		2018		2019		2018
Net Income attributable to Common Stockholders — Basic and Diluted	$	544,254	$	556,267	$	1,588,053	$	1,723,925
Weighted Average Shares Outstanding — Basic and Diluted		307,275,230		309,294,045		308,314,456		309,739,557

For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019, potentially dilutive securities include units that are exchangeable for common stock and long-term incentive performance units, or LTIP units, granted under our long-term incentive performance programs that are convertible into units and exchangeable for common stock. No securities had a material dilutive effect for the three or nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018. We have not adjusted net income attributable to common stockholders and weighted average shares outstanding for income allocable to limited partners or units, respectively, as doing so would have no dilutive impact. We accrue dividends when they are declared.

The Operating Partnership

	For the Three Months Ended September 30,				For the Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2019		2018		2019		2018
Net Income attributable to Unitholders — Basic and Diluted	$	627,074	$	640,402	$	1,829,014	$	1,984,527
Weighted Average Units Outstanding — Basic and Diluted		354,038,110		356,073,080		355,096,211		356,562,262

For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019, potentially dilutive securities include LTIP units. No securities had a material dilutive effect for the three or nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018. We accrue distributions when they are declared.

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Lease Income

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2019

Lease Income

Lease Income

9. Lease Income

As discussed in note 3, fixed lease income under our operating leases includes fixed minimum lease consideration and fixed CAM reimbursements which are accrued on a straight-line basis over the terms of the leases.  Variable lease income includes consideration based on sales, as well as reimbursements for real estate taxes, utilities, marketing, and certain other items.

	For the Three Months Ended				For the Nine Months Ended
	September 30,				September 30,
	2019		2018		2019		2018
Fixed lease income	$	1,067,381	$	1,036,512	$	3,196,202	$	3,106,318
Variable lease income		241,527		248,162		691,330		704,947
Total lease income	$	1,308,908	$	1,284,674	$	3,887,532	$	3,811,265

Lease income for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018 has been reclassified to conform to the current year presentation.

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Real Estate Acquisitions and Dispositions (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions			9 Months Ended
	Sep. 19, 2019	Sep. 25, 2018	Sep. 30, 2018
Hotel
Acquisitions
Ownership interests acquired (as a percent)	50.00%
Consideration for the acquisition	$ 12.8
Hotel | Mortgage bearing 4.02%
Acquisitions
Fixed mortgage loan	$ 21.5
Fixed rate of interest	4.02%
Outlets at Orange
Acquisitions
Ownership interests acquired (as a percent)		50.00%
Outlets at Orange | Mortgage Maturing April 1, 2024
Acquisitions
Fixed mortgage loan		$ 215.0
Fixed rate of interest		4.22%
Outlets at Orange | Simon Property Group, L.P.
Acquisitions
Number of units issued in connection with acquisition of the remaining interest in orange outlet		475,183
Consideration for the acquisition		$ 84.1
Consolidated properties | Retail properties | Disposed of by Sales And Means Other than Sale
Dispositions
Nets gains on disposition			$ 144.9
Consolidated properties | Retail properties | Disposed of by Sales And Means Other than Sale | Non-recourse $200M Mortgage
Dispositions
Non-recourse mortgage			$ 200.0

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Summary of Significant Accounting Policies - Reclassification Out of AOCI, Simon Property Group, Inc. (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2019	Sep. 30, 2018	Sep. 30, 2019	Sep. 30, 2018
Significant Accounting Policies
Interest expense	$ (202,382)	$ (199,469)	$ (599,541)	$ (611,585)
Net income attributable to noncontrolling interests	(83,636)	(85,111)	(242,216)	(262,722)
NET INCOME ATTRIBUTABLE TO COMMON STOCKHOLDERS or UNITHOLDERS	544,254	556,267	1,588,053	1,723,925
Accumulated derivative losses, net, including noncontrolling interests | Amount reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)
Significant Accounting Policies
Interest expense	(1,087)	(1,591)	(3,261)	(5,929)
Accumulated derivative losses, attributable to noncontrolling interests | Amount reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)
Significant Accounting Policies
Net income attributable to noncontrolling interests	144	215	431	785
Accumulated derivative gains (losses), net | Amount reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)
Significant Accounting Policies
NET INCOME ATTRIBUTABLE TO COMMON STOCKHOLDERS or UNITHOLDERS	$ (943)	$ (1,376)	$ (2,830)	$ (5,144)

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Investments in Unconsolidated Entities and International Investments - European Investments (Details) $ / shares in Units, $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2019 USD ($) property $ / shares shares	Sep. 30, 2018 USD ($)	Sep. 30, 2019 USD ($) property $ / shares shares	Sep. 30, 2018 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2018 USD ($) property
Investment in Unconsolidated Entities
Income from unconsolidated entities	$ 119,706	$ 134,408	$ 316,691	$ 325,263
Klepierre | Disposed by Sales | Shopping centers
Investment in Unconsolidated Entities
Gain on sale or disposal of assets and interests in unconsolidated entities, net			$ 12,800	13,400
European Joint Venture | Designer Outlet properties
Investment in Unconsolidated Entities
Number of properties | property	9		9		9
European Joint Venture | Designer Outlet properties | Minimum
Investment in Unconsolidated Entities
Ownership interest (as a percent)	45.00%		45.00%
European Joint Venture | Designer Outlet properties | Maximum
Investment in Unconsolidated Entities
Ownership interest (as a percent)	94.00%		94.00%
European Property Management and Development | Designer Outlet properties
Investment in Unconsolidated Entities
Ownership interest (as a percent)	50.00%		50.00%
Europe | Klepierre
Investment in Unconsolidated Entities
Shares owned | shares	63,924,148		63,924,148
Ownership interest (as a percent)	21.90%		21.90%
Quoted market price per share (in dollars per share) | $ / shares	$ 34.02		$ 34.02
Income from unconsolidated entities	$ 35,400	$ 22,400	$ 74,400	70,000
Total revenues			1,100,000	1,200,000
Total operating income			481,000	496,400
Consolidated net income			$ 415,900	$ 485,800
Europe | Value Retail PLC
Investment in Unconsolidated Entities
Number of luxury outlets owned and operated | property	9		9
Number of outlets in which the entity has a minority direct ownership | property	3		3
Europe | Value Retail PLC | Deferred costs and other assets
Investment in Unconsolidated Entities
Vale of equity instruments	$ 140,800		$ 140,800		$ 140,800

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Significant Accounting Policies - Equity Instruments and Investments (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017
Equity Instruments and Investments
Equity instruments with readily determinable fair value	$ 75,600	$ 78,100
Cumulative effect adjustment			$ 7,264
Equity instruments without readily determinable fair values	295,300	175,700
Debt securities of our captive insurance companies	$ 50,900	$ 40,100
Adjustment | ASU 2016-01
Equity Instruments and Investments
Cumulative effect adjustment			$ 7,300
Debt Securities | Securities in captive insurance subsidiary portfolio | Minimum
Equity Instruments and Investments
Investment maturity period	1 year
Debt Securities | Securities in captive insurance subsidiary portfolio | Maximum
Equity Instruments and Investments
Investment maturity period	10 years

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Per Share and Per Unit Data (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2019

Per Share And Per Unit Data

Schedule of computation of basic and diluted earnings per share and basic and diluted earnings per unit

	For the Three Months Ended September 30,				For the Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2019		2018		2019		2018
Net Income attributable to Common Stockholders — Basic and Diluted	$	544,254	$	556,267	$	1,588,053	$	1,723,925
Weighted Average Shares Outstanding — Basic and Diluted		307,275,230		309,294,045		308,314,456		309,739,557

Simon Property Group, L.P.

Per Share And Per Unit Data

Schedule of computation of basic and diluted earnings per share and basic and diluted earnings per unit

	For the Three Months Ended September 30,				For the Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2019		2018		2019		2018
Net Income attributable to Unitholders — Basic and Diluted	$	627,074	$	640,402	$	1,829,014	$	1,984,527
Weighted Average Units Outstanding — Basic and Diluted		354,038,110		356,073,080		355,096,211		356,562,262

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Lease Income (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2019

Lease Income

Schedule of lease income

	For the Three Months Ended				For the Nine Months Ended
	September 30,				September 30,
	2019		2018		2019		2018
Fixed lease income	$	1,067,381	$	1,036,512	$	3,196,202	$	3,106,318
Variable lease income		241,527		248,162		691,330		704,947
Total lease income	$	1,308,908	$	1,284,674	$	3,887,532	$	3,811,265

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Equity - Temporary Equity (Details) $ in Thousands	9 Months Ended	12 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2019 USD ($) item shares	Dec. 31, 2018 USD ($) item shares
Redeemable preferred stock
Limited partners' preferred interest in the Operating Partnership and noncontrolling redeemable interests in properties | $	$ 226,887	$ 230,163
Simon Property Group, L.P.
Redeemable preferred stock
Limited partners' preferred interest in the Operating Partnership and noncontrolling redeemable interests in properties | $	$ 226,887	$ 230,163
7.5% Cumulative Redeemable Preferred Units
Redeemable preferred stock
Noncontrolling interests redeemable at amounts in excess of fair value | item	0	0
Preferred stock stated dividend rate percentage	7.50%	7.50%
Temporary equity, shares authorized | shares	260,000	260,000
Temporary equity, shares issued | shares	255,373	255,373
Temporary equity, shares outstanding | shares	255,373	255,373
Limited partners' preferred interest in the Operating Partnership and noncontrolling redeemable interests in properties | $	$ 25,537	$ 25,537
7.5% Cumulative Redeemable Preferred Units | Simon Property Group, L.P.
Redeemable preferred stock
Preferred stock stated dividend rate percentage	7.50%	7.50%
Temporary equity, shares authorized | shares	260,000	260,000
Temporary equity, shares issued | shares	255,373	255,373
Temporary equity, shares outstanding | shares	255,373	255,373
Limited partners' preferred interest in the Operating Partnership and noncontrolling redeemable interests in properties | $	$ 25,537	$ 25,537
Other noncontrolling redeemable interest
Redeemable preferred stock
Limited partners' preferred interest in the Operating Partnership and noncontrolling redeemable interests in properties | $	201,350	204,626
Other noncontrolling redeemable interest | Simon Property Group, L.P.
Redeemable preferred stock
Limited partners' preferred interest in the Operating Partnership and noncontrolling redeemable interests in properties | $	$ 201,350	$ 204,626

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Investments in Unconsolidated Entities and International Investments - Combined Balance Sheets (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018
Our Share of:
Investment in Klepierre, at equity	$ 1,614,109	$ 1,769,488
Unconsolidated properties | Maximum
Our Share of:
Estimated life of investment property	40 years
Equity Method Investees excluding Klepierre, Aeropostale, ABG and HBS | Unconsolidated properties
Assets:
Investment properties, at cost	$ 19,259,601	18,807,449
Less - accumulated depreciation	7,263,363	6,834,633
Investment properties at cost, net	11,996,238	11,972,816
Cash and cash equivalents	880,648	1,076,398
Tenant receivables and accrued revenue, net	475,710	445,148
Deferred costs and other assets	581,435	390,818
Total assets	13,934,031	13,885,180
Liabilities and Partners' Deficit:
Mortgages	15,217,266	15,235,415
Accounts payable, accrued expenses, intangibles, and deferred revenue	942,250	976,311
Other liabilities	521,518	344,205
Total liabilities	16,681,034	16,555,931
Preferred units	67,450	67,450
Partners' deficit	(2,814,453)	(2,738,201)
Total liabilities and partners' deficit	13,934,031	13,885,180
Our Share of:
Partners' deficit	(1,227,239)	(1,168,216)
Add: Excess Investment	1,540,770	1,594,198
Investment in Klepierre, at equity	$ 313,531	$ 425,982

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Commitments and Contingencies - Lease Commitments (Details) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended	9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2019 USD ($) property	Sep. 30, 2019 USD ($) property
Lease Commitments
Properties subject to ground leases | property	23	23
Lease Cost
Operating lease cost	$ 7,937	$ 23,045
Variable lease cost	4,183	12,513
Sublease income	(208)	(542)
Total lease cost	11,912	35,016
Lease expense	$ 11,431	34,858
Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of lease liabilities
Operating cash flows from operating leases		$ 36,268
Weighted-average remaining lease term - operating leases	35 years 9 months 18 days	35 years 9 months 18 days
Weighted-average discount rate - operating leases	4.87%	4.87%
Operating Lease Liabilities
2019	$ 32,444	$ 32,444
2020	32,438	32,438
2021	32,440	32,440
2022	32,451	32,451
2023	32,583	32,583
Thereafter	941,418	941,418
Future minimum gross lease payments	1,103,774	1,103,774
Impact of discounting	(585,162)	(585,162)
Operating lease liabilities	$ 518,612	$ 518,612