3. Significant Accounting Policies

Restatement of Financial Statements

Our unaudited consolidated financial statements for the quarter ended March 31, 2015 have been restated to record the affect of a non-cash gain of $206.9 million, solely related to our equity method investment in Klépierre SA, or Klépierre, and its acquisition of Corio N.V., or Corio, in January, 2015 which should have been recorded in the first quarter of 2015. Klépierre issued 114 million additional shares of its common stock in connection with Klépierre’s acquisition of Corio which effectively reduced our percentage ownership interest in Klépierre common shares from 28.9% to 18.3% during the quarterly period ending March 2015. As a result of Klépierre's issuance of additional shares and the reduction in our ownership interest, we were required to recognize a gain (or loss) based on the difference in Klépierre's issue price per share as compared to our carrying value per Klépierre share. This non-cash gain is recognized in our net income in the period the change of our ownership interest occurred. We sold no shares of Klépierre in 2015 in connection with Klépierre’s Corio acquisition or otherwise.

The following table summarizes the effects of our restatement resulting from the adjustment.

	As of and for the Three Months Ended March 31, 2015
	Previously Reported		Adjustment		Restated
	(amounts in thousands, except per share data)
Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Income:
Gain upon acquisition of controlling interests and sale or disposal of assets and interests in unconsolidated entities, net	$	—	$	206,927	$	206,927
Consolidated net income	$	425,508	$	206,927	$	632,435
Basic and diluted earnings per common share	$	1.16	$	0.57	$	1.73
Consolidated Balance Sheets:
Investment in Klépierre, at equity	$	1,516,749	$	206,927	$	1,723,676
Total stockholders' equity	$	4,936,445	$	176,934	$	5,113,379
Noncontrolling interests	$	828,618	$	29,993	$	858,611

Cash and Cash Equivalents

We consider all highly liquid investments purchased with an original maturity of 90 days or less to be cash and cash equivalents. Cash equivalents are carried at cost, which approximates fair value. Cash equivalents generally consist of commercial paper, bankers' acceptances, Eurodollars, repurchase agreements, and money market deposits or securities. Financial instruments that potentially subject us to concentrations of credit risk include our cash and cash equivalents and our trade accounts receivable. We place our cash and cash equivalents with institutions of high credit quality. However, at certain times, such cash and cash equivalents are in excess of FDIC and SIPC insurance limits.

Marketable and Non-Marketable Securities

Marketable securities consist primarily of the investments of our captive insurance subsidiaries, available-for-sale securities, our deferred compensation plan investments, and certain investments held to fund the debt service requirements of debt previously secured by investment properties. At March 31, 2015, we had marketable securities of $657.4 million generally accounted for as available-for-sale, which are adjusted to their quoted market price with a corresponding adjustment in other comprehensive income (loss). Net unrealized gains recorded in other comprehensive income (loss) as of March 31, 2015 and December 31, 2014 were approximately $109.6 million and $103.9 million, respectively, and represent the valuation adjustments for our marketable securities.

The types of securities included in the investment portfolio of our captive insurance subsidiaries typically include U.S. Treasury or other U.S. government securities as well as corporate debt securities with maturities ranging from less than 1 to 10 years. These securities are classified as available-for-sale and are valued based upon quoted market prices or other observable inputs when quoted market prices are not available. The amortized cost of debt securities, which approximates fair value, held by our captive insurance subsidiaries is adjusted for amortization of premiums and accretion of discounts to maturity. Changes in the values of these securities are recognized in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) until the gain or loss is realized or until any unrealized loss is deemed to be other-than-temporary. We review any declines in value of these securities for other-than-temporary impairment and consider the severity and duration of any decline in value. To the extent an other-than-temporary impairment is deemed to have occurred, an impairment charge is recorded and a new cost basis is established.

Our insurance subsidiaries are required to maintain statutory minimum capital and surplus as well as maintain a minimum liquidity ratio. Therefore, our access to these securities may be limited. Our deferred compensation plan investments are classified as trading securities and are valued based upon quoted market prices. The investments have a matching liability as the amounts are fully payable to the employees that earned the compensation. Changes in value of these securities and changes to the matching liability to employees are both recognized in earnings and, as a result, there is no impact to consolidated net income.

We account for one investment in a publicly traded REIT as an available-for-sale security. At March 31, 2015, we owned 5.71 million shares, representing a market value of $481.7 million with an aggregate net unrealized gain of $107.8 million. The market value at December 31, 2014 was $476.4 million with an aggregate net unrealized gain of $102.5 million.

At March 31, 2015 and December 31, 2014, we had investments of $168.7 million and $167.1 million, respectively, in non-marketable securities that we account for under the cost method. We regularly evaluate these investments for any other-than-temporary impairment in their estimated fair value and determined that no adjustment in the carrying value was required.

Fair Value Measurements

Level 1 fair value inputs are quoted prices for identical items in active, liquid and visible markets such as stock exchanges. Level 2 fair value inputs are observable information for similar items in active or inactive markets, and appropriately consider counterparty creditworthiness in the valuations. Level 3 fair value inputs reflect our best estimate of inputs and assumptions market participants would use in pricing an asset or liability at the measurement date. The inputs are unobservable in the market and significant to the valuation estimate. We have no investments for which fair value is measured on a recurring basis using Level 3 inputs.

The marketable securities we held at March 31, 2015 and December 31, 2014 were primarily classified as having Level 1 fair value inputs. In addition, we had derivative instruments which were classified as having Level 2 inputs which consist primarily of interest rate swap agreements and foreign currency forward contracts with a gross liability balance of $12.4 million and $2.1 million at March 31, 2015 and December 31, 2014, respectively, and a gross asset value of $40.2 million and $20.1 million at March 31, 2015 and December 31, 2014, respectively.

Note 6 includes a discussion of the fair value of debt measured using Level 2 inputs. Notes 9 and 5 include a discussion of the fair values recorded in purchase accounting using Level 2 and Level 3 inputs. Level 3 inputs to our purchase accounting and impairment analyses include our estimations of net operating results of the property, capitalization rates and discount rates.

Noncontrolling Interests

Details of the carrying amount of our noncontrolling interests are as follows:

	As of March 31, 2015			As of December 31, 2014
Limited partners' interests in the Operating Partnership	$	859,339		$	858,557
Nonredeemable noncontrolling deficit interests in properties, net		(728	)		(229	)

Total noncontrolling interests reflected in equity	$	858,611		$	858,328

Net income attributable to noncontrolling interests (which includes nonredeemable noncontrolling interests in consolidated properties, limited partners' interests in the Operating Partnership, redeemable noncontrolling interests in consolidated properties and preferred distributions payable by the Operating Partnership on its outstanding preferred units) is a component of consolidated net income. In addition, the individual components of other comprehensive income (loss) are presented in the aggregate for both controlling and noncontrolling interests, with the portion attributable to noncontrolling interests deducted from comprehensive income attributable to common stockholders.

A rollforward of noncontrolling interests reflected in equity is as follows:

	For the Three Months Ended March 31,
	2015			2014
Noncontrolling interests, beginning of period	$	858,328		$	973,226
Net income attributable to noncontrolling interests after preferred distributions and income attributable to redeemable noncontrolling interests in consolidated properties		91,988			57,650
Distributions to noncontrolling interest holders		(74,910	)		(77,436	)
Other comprehensive income (loss) allocable to noncontrolling interests:
Unrealized gain (loss) on derivative hedge agreements		1,481			(1,236	)
Net loss reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive loss into earnings		381			392
Currency translation adjustments		(17,998	)		1,932
Changes in available-for-sale securities and other		777			72

		(15,359	)		1,160

Adjustment to limited partners' interest from change in ownership in the Operating Partnership		(5,598	)		(67,226	)
Units issued to limited partners		—			84,910
Units exchanged for common shares		(7,849	)		(911	)
Long-term incentive performance units		11,828			12,485
Purchase and disposition of noncontrolling interests, net, and other		183			6,130

Noncontrolling interests, end of period	$	858,611		$	989,988

Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)

The changes in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) net of noncontrolling interest by component consisted of the following as of March 31, 2015:

	Currency translation adjustments			Accumulated derivative losses, net			Net unrealized gains (losses) on marketable securities		Total
Beginning balance	$	(110,722	)	$	(39,161	)	$	88,842	$	(61,041	)
Other comprehensive loss before reclassifications		(106,514	)		8,618			4,860		(93,036	)
Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)		—			2,246			—		2,246

Net current-period other comprehensive income (loss)		(106,514	)		10,864			4,860		(90,790	)

Ending balance	$	(217,236	)	$	(28,297	)	$	93,702	$	(151,831	)

The reclassifications out of accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) consisted of the following as of March 31, 2015 and 2014:

	March 31, 2015
	March 31, 2015			March 31, 2014
	Amount reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)			March 31, 2014
Details about accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) components:				Amount reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)			Affected line item in the statement where net income is presented
Accumulated derivative losses, net	$	(2,627	)	$	(2,697	)	Interest expense
		381			392		Net income attributable to noncontrolling interests

	$	(2,246	)	$	(2,305	)

Derivative Financial Instruments

We record all derivatives on the balance sheet at fair value. The accounting for changes in the fair value of derivatives depends on the intended use of the derivative, whether we have designated a derivative as a hedge and whether the hedging relationship has satisfied the criteria necessary to apply hedge accounting. We may use a variety of derivative financial instruments in the normal course of business to selectively manage or hedge a portion of the risks associated with our indebtedness and interest payments. Our objectives in using interest rate derivatives are to add stability to interest expense and to manage our exposure to interest rate movements. To accomplish this objective, we primarily use interest rate swaps and caps. We require that hedging derivative instruments be highly effective in reducing the risk exposure that they are designated to hedge. As a result, there is no significant ineffectiveness from any of our derivative activities. We formally designate any instrument that meets these hedging criteria as a hedge at the inception of the derivative contract. We have no credit-risk-related hedging or derivative activities.

As of both March 31, 2015 and December 31, 2014, we had the following outstanding interest rate derivatives related to managing our interest rate risk:

Interest Rate Derivative		Number of Instruments		Notional Amount
Interest Rate Swaps		2		$375.0 million

The carrying value of our interest rate swap agreements, at fair value, as of March 31, 2015, was a net liability balance of $12.3 million, all of which is included in other liabilities. The carrying value of our interest rate swap agreements, at fair value, as of December 31, 2014, was a net liability balance of $1.2 million, of which $2.1 million was included in other liabilities and $0.9 million was included in deferred costs and other assets.

We are also exposed to fluctuations in foreign exchange rates on financial instruments which are denominated in foreign currencies, primarily in Japan and Europe. We use currency forward contracts and foreign currency denominated debt to manage our exposure to changes in foreign exchange rates on certain Yen and Euro-denominated receivables and net investments. Currency forward contracts involve fixing the Yen:USD or Euro:USD exchange rate for delivery of a specified amount of foreign currency on a specified date. The currency forward contracts are typically cash settled in US dollars for their fair value at or close to their settlement date.

In the first quarter of 2015, we entered into Yen:USD forward contracts for approximately ¥1.9 billion that we expect to settle through June 15, 2015. The March 31, 2015 asset balance related to these forward contracts was $0.3 million and is included in deferred costs and other assets. Approximately ¥14.7 million remained at December 31, 2014 for our Yen forward contracts that matured on January 5, 2015. The December 31, 2014 asset balance related to these forward contracts was $0.1 million and was included in deferred costs and other assets. We have reported the changes in fair value for these forward contracts in earnings. The underlying currency adjustments on the foreign currency denominated receivables are also reported in income and generally offset the amounts in earnings for these forward contracts.

In the third quarter of 2014, we entered into Euro:USD forward contracts, which were designated as net investment hedges, with an aggregate €150.0 million notional value which mature through August 11, 2017. The March 31, 2015 asset balance related to these forward contracts was $39.8 million and is included in deferred costs and other assets. The December 31, 2014 asset balance related to these forward contracts was $19.1 million and was included in deferred costs and other assets. We apply hedge accounting to these forward contracts and report the changes in fair value in other comprehensive income (loss). Changes in the value of these forward contracts are offset by changes in the underlying hedged Euro-denominated joint venture investment.

The total gross accumulated other comprehensive loss related to our derivative activities, including our share of the other comprehensive loss from joint venture properties, approximated $33.1 million and $45.8 million as of March 31, 2015 and December 31, 2014, respectively.

New Accounting Pronouncements

In April 2014, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) issued Accounting Standards Update (ASU) 2014-08, "Reporting Discontinued Operations and Disclosures of Disposals of Components of an Entity." ASU 2014-08 changes the definition of a discontinued operation to include only those disposals of components of an entity that represent a strategic shift that has (or will have) a major effect on an entity's operations and financial results. ASU 2014-08 became effective prospectively for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2014, but could be early-adopted. We early adopted ASU 2014-08 in the first quarter of 2014 and are applying the revised definition to all disposals on a prospective basis, including the spin-off of Washington Prime Group Inc., or Washington Prime, as further discussed below. ASU 2014-08 also requires new disclosures of both discontinued operations and certain other disposals that do not meet the definition of a discontinued operation.

In May 2014, the FASB issued ASU 2014-09, "Revenue From Contracts With Customers." ASU 2014-09 amends the existing accounting standards for revenue recognition and is based on principles that govern the recognition of revenue at an amount an entity expects to be entitled when products are transferred to customers. In April 2015, the FASB voted for a one-year deferral of the effective date of the new revenue recognition standard. If approved, the new standard will become effective for us beginning with the first quarter 2018 and can be adopted either retrospectively to each prior reporting period presented or as a cumulative effect adjustment as of the date of adoption. We are currently evaluating the impact adopting the new accounting standard will have on our consolidated financial statements.

In February 2015, the FASB issued ASU 2015-02, "Amendments to the Consolidation Analysis." ASU 2015-02 makes changes to both the variable interest model and the voting model. This guidance becomes effective for companies on January 1, 2016. All reporting entities involved with limited partnerships will have to re-evaluate whether these entities qualify for consolidation and revise documentation accordingly. We are currently evaluating the impact adopting the new accounting standard will have on our consolidated financial statements.

In April 2015, the FASB issued ASU 2015-03, "Simplifying the Presentation of Debt Issuance Costs," ("ASU 2015-03"). ASU 2015-03 requires that debt issuance costs related to a recognized debt liability be presented in the balance sheet as a direct deduction from the carrying amount of that debt liability, consistent with debt discounts. ASU 2015-03 will be effective for us beginning in the first quarter of 2017. We expect this new guidance will reduce total assets and total mortgage and unsecured indebtedness on our Consolidated Balance Sheet for amounts classified as deferred costs specific to debt issuance costs. We do not expect this guidance to have any other effect on our consolidated financial statements.

Discontinued Operations

On May 28, 2014, we completed the spin-off of our interests in 98 properties comprised of substantially all of our strip center business and our smaller enclosed malls to Washington Prime, an independent, publicly traded REIT (now doing business as WP GLIMCHER). The spin-off was effectuated through a distribution of the common shares of Washington Prime to holders of Simon common stock as of the distribution record date, and qualified as a tax-free distribution for U.S. federal income tax purposes. For every two shares of Simon common stock held as of the record date of May 16, 2014, Simon stockholders received one Washington Prime common share on May 28, 2014. At the time of the separation and distribution, Washington Prime owned a percentage of the outstanding units of partnership interest of Washington Prime Group, L.P. that was approximately equal to the percentage of outstanding units of partnership interest of the Operating Partnership, or units, owned by us. The remaining units of Washington Prime Group, L.P. were owned by limited partners of the Operating Partnership who received one Washington Prime Group, L.P. unit for every two units they owned in the Operating Partnership. Subsequent to the spin-off, we retained a nominal interest in Washington Prime Group, L.P. We also retained approximately $1.0 billion of proceeds from completed unsecured debt and mortgage debt as part of the spin-off.

The historical results of operations of the Washington Prime properties have been presented as discontinued operations in the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income. The accompanying consolidated statement of cash flows includes within operating, investing and financing cash flows those activities which related to our period of ownership of the Washington Prime properties.

Summarized financial information for discontinued operations for the three months ended March 31, 2014 is presented below.

	For the Three Months Ended March 31, 2014
TOTAL REVENUE	$	157,969
Property Operating		26,140
Depreciation and amortization		45,968
Real estate taxes		19,948
Repairs and maintenance		7,150
Advertising and promotion		1,952
Provision for credit losses		786
Other		1,118

Total operating expenses		103,062
OPERATING INCOME		54,907
Interest expense		(13,917	)
Income and other taxes		(75	)
Income from unconsolidated entities		345
Gain upon acquisition of controlling interests and sale or disposal of assets and interest in unconsolidated entities, net		242

CONSOLIDATED NET INCOME		41,502
Net income attributable to noncontrolling interests		5,989

NET INCOME ATTRIBUTABLE TO COMMON STOCKHOLDERS	$	35,513

Capital expenditures on a cash basis for the three months ended March 31, 2014 were $24.8 million.

We and Washington Prime entered into property management and transitional services agreements in connection with the spin-off whereby we will provide certain services to Washington Prime and its properties. Pursuant to the terms of the property management agreements, we manage, lease, and maintain Washington Prime's mall properties under the direction of Washington Prime. In exchange, Washington Prime pays us annual fixed rate property management fees ranging from 2.5% to 4.0% of base minimum and percentage rents, reimburses us for direct out-of-pocket costs and expenses and also pays us separate fees for any leasing and development services we provide. The property management agreements have an initial term of two years with automatic one year renewals unless terminated. Either party may terminate the property management agreements on or after the two-year anniversary of the spin-off upon 180 days prior written notice.

We also provide certain support services to the Washington Prime strip centers and certain of its central functions to assist Washington Prime as it establishes its stand-alone processes for various activities that were previously provided by us and does not constitute significant continuing support of Washington Prime's operations. These services include assistance in the areas of information technology, treasury and financial management, payroll, lease administration, taxation and procurement. The charges for such services are intended to allow us to recover costs of providing these services. The transition services agreement will terminate no later than two years following the date of the spin-off subject to a minimum notice period equal to the shorter of 180 days or one-half of the original service period. Transitional services fees earned for the three months ended March 31, 2015 were approximately $1.3 million.