10-Q

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-Q

 (Mark One)

☑ QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the Quarterly Period Ended September 30, 2023

or

☐ TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the Transition Period from _____________ to _____________

Commission File Number:  000-30111

Lexicon Pharmaceuticals, Inc.

(Exact Name of Registrant as Specified in its Charter)

Delaware	76-0474169
(State or Other Jurisdiction of Incorporation or Organization)	(I.R.S. Employer Identification Number)

2445 Technology Forest Blvd.

11th Floor

The Woodlands, Texas 77381

(Address of Principal Executive Offices and Zip Code)

(281) 863-3000

(Registrant’s Telephone Number, Including Area Code)

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Title of each class	Trading Symbol(s)	Name of each exchange on which registered
Common Stock, par value $0.001	LXRX	The Nasdaq Global Select Market

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports) and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.    

Yes ☑ No

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files)

Yes ☑ No

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company.  See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Large accelerated filer              Accelerated filer         Non-accelerated filer   ☑       

Smaller reporting company    ☑       Emerging growth company         

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registration has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).

Yes ☐ No ☑

As of November 6, 2023, 244,924,695 shares of the registrant’s common stock, par value $0.001 per share, were outstanding.

Lexicon Pharmaceuticals, Inc.

Table of Contents

 

		Page
Factors Affecting Forward-Looking Statements		2
Part I – Financial Information		3
Item 1.	Financial Statements	3
	Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets - September 30, 2023 (unaudited) and December 31, 2022	3
	Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Loss (unaudited) - Three and Nine Months Ended September 30, 2023 and 2022	4
	Condensed Consolidated Statements of Stockholders’ Equity (unaudited) - Three and Nine Months Ended September 30, 2023 and 2022	5
	Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows (unaudited) - Nine Months Ended September 30, 2023 and 2022	7
	Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited)	8
Item 2.	Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations	16
Item 3.	Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk	20
Item 4.	Controls and Procedures	20
Part II – Other Information		21
Item 1.	Legal Proceedings	21
Item 1A.	Risk Factors	21
Item 2.	Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds	22
Item 6.	Exhibits	24
	Signatures	25

The Lexicon name and logo and INPEFA® are registered trademarks of Lexicon Pharmaceuticals, Inc.

——————

Factors Affecting Forward Looking Statements

This quarterly report on Form 10-Q contains forward-looking statements. These statements relate to future events or our future financial performance. We have attempted to identify forward-looking statements by terminology including “anticipate,” “believe,” “can,” “continue,” “could,” “estimate,” “expect,” “intend,” “may,” “plan,” “potential,” “predict,” “should” or “will” or the negative of these terms or other comparable terminology. These statements are only predictions and involve known and unknown risks, uncertainties and other factors, including the risks outlined under “Part II, Item 1A. - Risk Factors” and in our annual report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2022, that may cause our or our industry’s actual results, levels of activity, performance or achievements to be materially different from any future results, levels or activity, performance or achievements expressed or implied by these forward-looking statements.

Although we believe that the expectations reflected in the forward-looking statements are reasonable, future results, levels of activity, performance or achievements may vary materially from our expectations. We are not undertaking any duty to update any of the forward-looking statements after the date of this quarterly report on Form 10-Q to conform these statements to actual results, unless required by law.

2

Part I – Financial Information

Item 1.  Financial Statements

Lexicon Pharmaceuticals, Inc.

Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets

(In thousands, except par value and share amounts)

 

	As of September 30,		As of December 31,
	2023		2022
Assets	(unaudited)
Current assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$	21,116	$	46,345
Short-term investments	197,311		92,012
Accounts receivable, net	318		28
Inventory	336		—
Prepaid expenses and other current assets	4,291		2,481
Total current assets	223,372		140,866
Property and equipment, net of accumulated depreciation and amortization of $4,391 and $3,984, respectively	2,134		2,071
Goodwill	44,543		44,543
Operating lease right-of-use-assets	5,687		6,407
Other assets	743		412
Total assets	$	276,479	$	194,299
Liabilities and Stockholders’ Equity
Current liabilities:
Accounts payable	$	12,036	$	10,395
Accrued liabilities	20,225		12,777
Total current liabilities	32,261		23,172
Long-term debt, net	99,265		48,579
Long-term operating lease liabilities	5,443		5,424
Total liabilities	136,969		77,175
Commitments and contingencies
Stockholders’ Equity:
Preferred stock, $0.01 par value; 5,000,000 shares authorized; no shares issued and outstanding	—		—
Common stock, $0.001 par value; 300,000,000 shares authorized; 245,792,668 and 189,213,948 shares issued, respectively	245		189
Additional paid-in capital	1,859,346		1,709,144
Accumulated deficit	(1,717,083)		(1,589,720)
Accumulated other comprehensive loss	(113)		(428)
Treasury stock, at cost, 867,973 and 488,205 shares, respectively	(2,885)		(2,061)
Total stockholders’ equity	139,510		117,124
Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity	$	276,479	$	194,299

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements. 

3

Lexicon Pharmaceuticals, Inc.

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Loss

(In thousands, except per share amounts)

(Unaudited)

 

	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2023		2022		2023		2022
Revenues:
Net product revenue	$	148	$	—	$	438	$	—
Royalties and other revenue	14		39		64		111
Total revenues	162		39		502		111
Operating expenses:
Cost of sales	7		—		15		—
Research and development, including stock-based compensation of $1,337, $939, $3,842 and $3,069, respectively	17,558		10,557		44,125		38,839
Selling, general and administrative, including stock-based compensation of $2,561, $1,709, $7,286, and $5,183, respectively	32,228		12,577		81,375		31,754
Total operating expenses	49,793		23,134		125,515		70,593
Loss from operations	(49,631)		(23,095)		(125,013)		(70,482)
Interest expense	(3,899)		(864)		(7,680)		(1,677)
Interest and other income, net	3,005		572		5,330		709
Net loss	$	(50,525)	$	(23,387)	$	(127,363)	$	(71,450)
Net loss per common share, basic and diluted	$	(0.21)	$	(0.13)	$	(0.60)	$	(0.45)
Shares used in computing net loss per common share, basic and diluted	244,925		174,904		213,112		157,984
Other comprehensive loss:
Unrealized (loss) gain on investments	(13)		(341)		315		(481)
Comprehensive loss	$	(50,538)	$	(23,728)	$	(127,048)	$	(71,931)

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.

4

Lexicon Pharmaceuticals, Inc.

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Stockholders’ Equity

(In thousands)

(Unaudited)

	Common Stock			Additional				Accumulated Other
	Shares	Par Value		Paid-In Capital		Accumulated Deficit		Comprehensive Gain (Loss)		Treasury Stock		Total
Balance at December 31, 2021	150,082	$	150	$	1,608,749	$	(1,487,776)	$	(10)	$	(7,518)	$	113,595
Stock-based compensation	—	—		2,772		—		—		—		2,772
Issuance of equity-classified warrants	—	—		698		—		—		—		698
Issuance of treasury stock	—	—		(6,321)		—		—		6,321		—
Repurchase of common stock	—	—		—		—		—		(864)		(864)
Net loss	—	—		—		(23,476)		—		—		(23,476)
Unrealized gain (loss) on investments	—	—		—		—		(27)		—		(27)
Balance at March 31, 2022	150,082	$	150	$	1,605,898	$	(1,511,252)	$	(37)	$	(2,061)	$	92,698
Issuance of common stock under Equity Incentive Plans	32	—		—		—		—		—		—
Stock-based compensation	—	—		2,832		—		—		—		2,832
Net loss	—	—		—		(24,587)		—		—		(24,587)
Unrealized gain (loss) on investments	—	—		—		—		(113)		—		(113)
Balance at June 30, 2022	150,114	$	150	$	1,608,730	$	(1,535,839)	$	(150)	$	(2,061)	$	70,830
Stock-based compensation	—	—		2,648		—		—		—		2,648
Issuance of common stock, net of issuance fees	39,100	39		94,229		—		—		—		94,268
Net loss	—	—		—		(23,387)		—		—		(23,387)
Unrealized gain (loss) on investments	—	—		—		—		(341)		—		(341)
Balance at September 30, 2022	189,214	$	189	$	1,705,607	$	(1,559,226)	$	(491)	$	(2,061)	$	144,018

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.

5

Lexicon Pharmaceuticals, Inc.

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Stockholders’ Equity

(In thousands)

(Unaudited)

	Common Stock			Additional				Accumulated Other
	Shares	Par Value		Paid-In Capital		Accumulated Deficit		Comprehensive Gain (Loss)		Treasury Stock		Total
Balance at December 31, 2022	189,214	$	189	$	1,709,144	$	(1,589,720)	$	(428)	$	(2,061)	$	117,124
Stock-based compensation	—	—		3,415		—		—		—		3,415
Issuance of common stock under Equity Incentive Plans	1,216	1		(1)		—		—		—		—
Repurchase of common stock	—	—		—		—		—		(824)		(824)
Net loss	—	—		—		(31,934)		—		—		(31,934)
Unrealized gain (loss) on investments	—	—		—		—		265		—		265
Balance at March 31, 2023	190,430	$	190	$	1,712,558	$	(1,621,654)	$	(163)	$	(2,885)	$	88,046
Stock-based compensation	—	—		3,815		—		—		—		3,815
Issuance of equity-classified warrants	—	—		307		—		—		—		307
Issuance of common stock under Equity Incentive Plans	75	—		—		—		—		—		—
Issuance of common stock, net of fees	55,288	55		138,979		—		—		—		139,034
Net loss	—	—		—		(44,904)		—		—		(44,904)
Unrealized gain (loss) on investments	—	—		—		—		63		—		63
Balance at June 30, 2023	245,793	$	245	$	1,855,659	$	(1,666,558)	$	(100)	$	(2,885)	$	186,361
Stock-based compensation	—	—		3,898		—		—		—		3,898
Net loss	—	—		—		(50,525)		—		—		(50,525)
Unrealized gain (loss) on investments	—	—		—		—		(13)		—		(13)
Other	—	—		(211)		—		—		—		(211)
Balance at September 30, 2023	245,793	$	245	$	1,859,346	$	(1,717,083)	$	(113)	$	(2,885)	$	139,510

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.

6

Lexicon Pharmaceuticals, Inc.

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows

(In thousands)

(Unaudited)

 

	Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2023		2022
Cash flows from operating activities:
Net loss	$	(127,363)	$	(71,450)
Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash used in operating activities:
Depreciation and amortization	407		324
Stock-based compensation	11,128		8,252
Amortization of debt-related costs	1,156		396
Other non-cash adjustments	(3,613)		—
Changes in operating assets and liabilities:
Increase in accounts receivable	(290)		(26)
Increase in inventories	(336)		—
Increase in prepaid expenses and other current assets	(1,935)		(470)
Decrease in other long-term assets	389		329
Increase (decrease) in accounts payable and other liabilities	9,108		(4,637)
Net cash used in operating activities	(111,349)		(67,282)
Cash flows from investing activities:
Purchases of property and equipment	(470)		(80)
Purchases of investments	(223,241)		(133,363)
Maturities of investments	121,870		38,191
Net cash used in investing activities	(101,841)		(95,252)
Cash flows from financing activities:
Proceeds from issuance of common stock, net of fees	138,823		94,268
Repurchase of common stock	(824)		(864)
Proceeds from debt borrowings, net of fees	49,962		23,899
Net cash provided by financing activities	187,961		117,303
Net decrease in cash and cash equivalents	(25,229)		(45,231)
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period	46,345		64,065
Cash and cash equivalents at end of period	$	21,116	$	18,834
Supplemental disclosure of cash flow information:
Cash paid for interest	$	6,767	$	1,281
Supplemental disclosure of non-cash investing and financing activities:
Right-of-use asset obtained in exchange for operating lease liability	—		5,206
Issuance of equity-classified warrants	307		698
Issuance of treasury stock	—		6,321

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.

7

Lexicon Pharmaceuticals, Inc.

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

(Unaudited)

1.           Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

Basis of Presentation: The accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements of Lexicon Pharmaceuticals, Inc. (“Lexicon” or the “Company”) include the accounts of Lexicon and its wholly-owned subsidiaries. Intercompany transactions and balances are eliminated in consolidation. These unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles for interim financial information and pursuant to the rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”). Accordingly, they do not include all of the information and footnotes required by generally accepted accounting principles for complete financial statements. We have made certain reclassification adjustments to conform prior-period amounts to the current presentation. In the opinion of management, all adjustments (consisting of normal recurring adjustments) considered necessary for a fair presentation have been included. Operating results for the nine month period ended September 30, 2023 are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for the year ended December 31, 2023. For further information, refer to the financial statements and footnotes thereto included in Lexicon’s annual report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2022, as filed with the SEC. 

Use of Estimates: The preparation of financial statements in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the period. Actual results could differ from those estimates.

Cash, Cash Equivalents and Short-Term Investments: Lexicon considers all highly-liquid investments with original maturities of three months or less to be cash equivalents.  As of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, short-term investments consisted of U.S. treasury bills and corporate debt securities. The Company’s short-term investments are available for use in current operations regardless of the stated maturity date of the security and are classified as available-for-sale securities. The short-term investments are carried at fair value, based on quoted market prices of the securities. The Company does not intend to sell any of its available-for-sale securities prior to their maturity dates. Unrealized gains and losses on such securities are reported as a separate component of stockholders’ equity.  Net realized gains and losses, interest and dividends are included in interest income.  The cost of securities sold is based on the specific identification method.

Inventory: Inventory is comprised of the Company’s approved product that it is commercializing in the United States, INPEFA® (sotagliflozin). Inventories are determined at the lower of cost or market value with cost determined under the specific identification method.

Revenue Recognition: Product Revenues. Product revenues consist of U.S. sales of INPEFA. In June 2023, Lexicon began shipping INPEFA to its customers in the U.S. These customers primarily include wholesalers and limited retail pharmacies. The Company is in the process of contracting with certain managed care programs or pharmacy benefit managers (PBMs) and has legislatively mandated contracts with the federal and state governments under which rebates are provided based on product utilization. Product revenues are recognized when control is transferred to the customer upon delivery. Product shipping and handling costs are considered a fulfillment activity when control transfers to the Company’s customers and such costs are included in cost of sales.

The Company recognizes product revenue net of applicable estimates of reserves for variable consideration using the expected value method. These estimates consider relevant factors such as current contractual and statutory requirements, industry data and forecasted customer buying and payment patterns. Net product revenue includes variable consideration only to the extent that it is probable that a significant reversal in revenue recognized will not occur in a future period. As necessary, these estimates will be adjusted in the period that such variances to actuals become known. Listed below is a further discussion of these reserves and sales return allowances:

Customer Credits: The Company’s customers are offered various forms of consideration, including allowances, service fees and prompt payment discounts. The Company records allowances, deducts the full amount of prompt payment discounts, and deducts service fees from total product sales when revenues are earned and recognized.

8

Rebates: Allowances for rebates include mandated discounts under the Medicaid Drug Rebate Program reflecting amounts owed after final dispensing of the product to participants. The Company’s estimates for rebates is based on statutory discount rates, third party market research data and data from sales to its customers. As rebates are generally invoiced and paid in arrears, the Company accrues an estimate of rebates based on the current quarter’s activity, plus any known unpaid prior quarter rebates.

Chargebacks: Chargebacks are discounts that occur when healthcare providers purchase directly from a wholesaler. Generally, the healthcare providers purchase INPEFA at a discounted price. The wholesaler, in turn, charges back to Lexicon the difference between the price paid by the wholesaler and the discounted price that the wholesaler’s customer pays for that product.

Medicare Part D Coverage Gap: The Medicare Part D prescription drug benefit mandates manufacturers to fund a portion of the Medicare Part D insurance coverage gap for prescription drugs sold to eligible patients. The Company’s estimates for the expected Medicare Part D coverage gap are based on sales data received from a third party and projections based on historical data. As funding of the coverage gap is generally invoiced and paid in arrears, the Company accrues an estimate based on the current quarter’s activity, plus any known unpaid prior quarter estimates.

Co-payment assistance: Patients with commercial insurance who meet certain eligibility requirements are eligible to receive co-payment assistance. The Company accrues a liability for co-payment assistance based on actual program participation and estimates of program redemption using data provided by third-party administrators.

Sales returns: The Company records allowances for product returns, if appropriate, as a reduction of revenue at the time product sales are recorded based on an assessment of market exclusivity of the product, the patient population, the customers’ return rights and the Company’s historical experience with returns. Because approval is recent and there is a limited number of patients, most customers and retailers carry a limited inventory.

Cost of Sales:  Cost of sales consists of third-party manufacturing costs, freight and indirect overhead costs associated with sales of INPEFA. The Company began capitalizing inventory in June 2023 following regulatory approval of INPEFA, as the related costs were expected to be recovered through the commercialization of the product. Costs incurred prior to the approval of INPEFA have been recorded as research and development expense in the condensed consolidated statements of comprehensive loss.

Research and Development Expenses: Research and development expenses consist of costs incurred for company-sponsored as well as collaborative research and development activities. These costs include direct and research-related overhead expenses and are expensed as incurred.  Technology license fees for technologies that are utilized in research and development and have no alternative future use are expensed when incurred. Substantial portions of the Company’s preclinical and clinical trials are performed by third-party laboratories, medical centers, contract research organizations and other vendors. For preclinical studies, the Company accrues expenses based upon estimated percentage of work completed and the contract milestones remaining. For clinical studies, expenses are accrued based upon the number of patients enrolled and the duration of the study. The Company monitors patient enrollment, the progress of clinical studies and related activities to the extent possible through internal reviews of data reported to the Company by the vendors and clinical site visits. The Company’s estimates depend on the timeliness and accuracy of the data provided by the vendors regarding the status of each program and total program spending. The Company periodically evaluates the estimates to determine if adjustments are necessary or appropriate based on information it receives.

Net Loss per Common Share: Net loss per common share is computed using the weighted average number of shares of common stock outstanding. Shares associated with stock warrants, stock options and restricted stock units are not included because they are antidilutive due to the Company’s net loss.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements. We do not expect that any recently issued accounting pronouncements will have a material impact on our financial statements.

9

2.           Cash and Cash Equivalents and Investments

The fair value of cash and cash equivalents and investments held at September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022 are as follows: 

	As of September 30, 2023
	Amortized Cost		Gross Unrealized Gains		Gross Unrealized Losses		Estimated Fair Value
	(in thousands)
Cash and cash equivalents	$	21,116	$	—	$	—	$	21,116
Securities maturing within one year:
U.S. treasury securities	191,551		2		(114)		191,439
Corporate debt securities	5,873		—		(1)		5,872
Total short-term investments	$	197,424	$	2	$	(115)	$	197,311
Total cash and cash equivalents and investments	$	218,540	$	2	$	(115)	$	218,427
	As of December 31, 2022
	Amortized Cost		Gross Unrealized Gains		Gross Unrealized Losses		Estimated Fair Value
			(in thousands)
Cash and cash equivalents	$	46,345	$	—	$	—	$	46,345
Securities maturing within one year:
U.S. treasury securities	74,022		—		(342)		73,680
Corporate debt securities	18,418		—		(86)		18,332
Total short-term investments	$	92,440	$	—	$	(428)	$	92,012
Total cash and cash equivalents and investments	$	138,785	$	—	$	(428)	$	138,357

There were no realized losses during either of the nine month periods ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively.

3.            Fair Value Measurements

The Company uses various inputs in determining the fair value of its investments and measures these assets on a recurring basis. Assets and liabilities recorded at fair value in the condensed consolidated balance sheets are categorized by the level of objectivity associated with the inputs used to measure their fair value. The following levels are directly related to the amount of subjectivity associated with the inputs to fair valuation of these assets and liabilities:

•Level 1 - quoted prices in active markets for identical investments, which include U.S. treasury securities

•Level 2 - other significant observable inputs (including quoted prices for similar investments, market corroborated inputs, etc.), which includes corporate debt securities

•Level 3 - significant unobservable inputs

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The inputs or methodology used for valuing securities are not necessarily an indication of the credit risk associated with investing in those securities. The following table provides the fair value measurements of applicable Company assets that are measured at fair value on a recurring basis according to the fair value levels defined above as of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022. There were no transfers between Level 1 and Level 2 during the periods presented.

	Fair Value as of September 30, 2023
	Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Total
	(in thousands)
Cash and cash equivalents	$	21,116	$	—	$	—	$	21,116
Short-term investments	191,439		5,872		—		197,311
Total cash and cash equivalents and investments	$	212,555	$	5,872	$	—	$	218,427

	Fair Value as of December 31, 2022
	Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Total
	(in thousands)
Cash and cash equivalents	$	46,345	$	—	$	—	$	46,345
Short-term investments	73,680		18,332		—		92,012
Total cash and cash equivalents and investments	$	120,025	$	18,332	$	—	$	138,357

The fair value of the Oxford Term Loans (see Note 5) is determined under Level 2 in the fair value hierarchy and approximates carrying value as the loans bear interest at a rate that approximates prevailing market rates for instruments with similar characteristics.

4. Supplemental Financial Information

The following tables show the Company’s additional balance sheet information as of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022:

	As of September 30,		As of December 31,
	2023		2022
	(in thousands)
Inventories:
Raw materials	$	—	$	—
Work-in-progress	167		—
Finished goods	169		—
Inventory	$	336	$	—

	As of September 30,		As of December 31,
	2023		2022
	(in thousands)
Accrued Liabilities:
Accrued research and development services	$	8,596	$	3,252
Accrued compensation and benefits	9,767		7,830
Short-term lease liability	1,291		1,291
Other	571		404
Total accrued liabilities	$	20,225	$	12,777

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5.          Debt Obligations

Oxford Term Loans. In March 2022, Lexicon and one of its subsidiaries entered into a loan and security agreement with Oxford Finance LLC (“Oxford”) that provides up to $150 million in borrowing capacity (the “Oxford Term Loans”). The loan and security agreement was subsequently amended in August 2022, May 2023 and June 2023. The Oxford Term Loans are available in five tranches, each maturing in March 2027. The first $25 million tranche was funded in March 2022, the second $25 million tranche was funded in December 2022 and the third $50 million tranche was funded in June 2023. The fourth $25 million tranche is available for draw at Lexicon’s option between December 1 and December 31, 2023. The fifth $25 million tranche is available for draw at Lexicon’s option, subject to Oxford’s consent, at any time prior to the expiration of the interest-only period as described below. An unused fee will be due in the event Lexicon does not draw the full amount available under the fourth tranche.

A final payment exit fee equal to 6% of the amount funded under the Oxford Term Loans is due upon prepayment or maturity, which final payment will be adjusted to 7% of the amount funded upon extension of the interest-only payment period. The final payment exit fee of $6.0 million as of September 30, 2023, in the aggregate for the three borrowed tranches, is recorded as a debt discount on the condensed consolidated balance sheet.

Concurrent with the funding of each of the first three tranches, Lexicon granted Oxford warrants to purchase 420,673 shares of Lexicon’s common stock at an exercise price of $2.08 per share, 224,128 shares of Lexicon’s common stock at an exercise price of $1.95 per share and 183,824 shares of Lexicon’s common stock at an exercise price of $2.38 per share, respectively. Subject to and upon funding of the fourth tranche, Lexicon will grant Oxford a warrant to purchase shares of its common stock having a value equal to 1.75% of such tranche, as determined by reference to a 10-day average closing price of the shares, and having an exercise price equal to such average closing price. All warrants are exercisable for five years from their respective grant dates and feature a net cashless exercise provision. The Company allocated the proceeds from each term loan tranche to the corresponding warrant using the relative fair value method and used the Black-Scholes model to calculate the fair value of the warrants. The warrants that have been issued in connection with the funding of each tranche reduced the carrying value of long-term debt and are separately classified as equity instruments on the condensed consolidated balance sheet.

As of September 30, 2023, the carrying value of the Oxford Term Loans on the condensed consolidated balance sheet was $99.3 million, reflecting as a discount of $6.7 million to the face value of long-term debt for the final payment exit fee, the warrant fair value, and debt issuance costs, which are being amortized into interest expense throughout the life of the term loan using the effective interest rate method.

Monthly interest-only payments are due during an initial 36-month period from the original March 2022 borrowing date, which may be extended at Lexicon’s option to 48 months if Lexicon maintains compliance with financial covenants relating to (i) net sales of INPEFA following regulatory approval and, (ii) minimum cash balance requirements if Lexicon draws the fourth tranche and following its funding. The interest-only period will be followed by an amortization period extending through the maturity date. Payments of $34.8 million, $52.2 million, and $19.0 million, including debt principal and final exit fee payments, will be due during the fiscal years ended December 31, 2025, December 31, 2026 and December 31, 2027, respectively, with respect to all borrowed loan tranches as of September 30, 2023.

Prior to the June 2023 amendment to the loan and security agreement, the Oxford Term Loans bore interest at a floating rate equal to the 30-day U.S. Dollar LIBOR plus 7.90%, but not less than 8.01%, subject to additional interest if an event of default occurs and is continuing. Following such amendment, the floating interest rate is based on the sum of (a) the 1-month CME Term Secured Overnight Financing Rate (SOFR), (b) 0.10%, and (c) 7.90% for the first and second tranches and 7.00% for the third and fourth tranches. As of September 30, 2023, the weighted average interest rate was 12.9%. During the nine months ended September 30, 2023, the Company recognized interest expense of $7.7 million, including $1.0 million in amortization of discount and related debt costs.

If an event of default occurs and is continuing, Oxford may declare all amounts outstanding under the loan and security agreement to be immediately due and payable. Additionally, Lexicon may prepay the Oxford Term Loans in whole at its option at any time. Any prepayment of the Oxford Term Loans is subject to prepayment fees for up to three years after the funding of each tranche of the loans.

Lexicon’s obligations under the Oxford Term Loans are secured by a first lien security interest in all of the assets of the Company and its subsidiaries. The loan and security agreement contains certain customary representations and warranties, affirmative and negative covenants and events of default applicable to Lexicon and its subsidiaries. In addition to the financial covenants, additional covenants include those restricting dispositions, fundamental changes to its business, mergers or

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acquisitions, indebtedness, encumbrances, distributions, investments, transactions with affiliates and subordinated debt. The Company was in compliance with its debt covenants as of September 30, 2023.

6.            Commitments and Contingencies

Operating Lease Obligations:  Lexicon’s operating leases include office space in The Woodlands, Texas and Bridgewater, New Jersey and will expire in August 2025 and January 2034, respectively. Operating lease right-of-use assets and associated lease liabilities are recorded in the balance sheet at the lease commencement date based on the present value of future lease payments to be made over the expected lease term. As the implicit rate is not determinable in its leases, Lexicon uses its incremental borrowing rate based on the information available at the commencement date to determine the present value of lease payments. Lexicon does not record a right-of-use asset or associated liability for those leases with terms of twelve months or less.

As of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, the right-of-use assets for the office space leases had a balance of $5.7 million and $6.4 million, respectively, which is included in operating lease right-of-use-assets in the condensed consolidated balance sheet. Current and long-term liabilities as of September 30, 2023, relating to the leases were $1.3 million and $5.4 million, respectively, which are included in accrued liabilities and long-term operating lease liabilities in the condensed consolidated balance sheet, respectively. Current and long-term liabilities as of December 31, 2022, relating to the leases were $1.3 million and $5.4 million, respectively, which are included in accrued liabilities and long-term operating lease liabilities in the condensed consolidated balance sheet, respectively. During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, the Company incurred lease expense of $0.4 million and $1.2 million and $0.5 million and $1.2 million, respectively.

During the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, the Company made cash payments for lease liabilities of $0.5 million and $0.9 million, respectively. As of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, the weighted-average remaining lease terms were 9.1 years and 9.5 years, respectively, with weighted-average discount rates of 9.6% and 9.6%, respectively.

The following table reconciles the undiscounted cash flows of the operating lease liability to the recorded lease liability at September 30, 2023:

	(in thousands)
2023	$	338
2024	1,378
2025	1,220
2026	865
2027	881
Thereafter	5,644
Total undiscounted operating lease liability	10,326
Less: amount of lease payments representing interest	(3,592)
Present value of future lease payments	6,734
Less: short-term operating lease liability	(1,291)
Long-term operating lease liability	$	5,443

Legal Proceedings.  Lexicon is from time to time party to claims and legal proceedings that arise in the normal course of its business and that it believes will not have, individually or in the aggregate, a material adverse effect on its results of operations, financial condition or liquidity.

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7.     Equity Incentive Awards

Stock-Based Compensation:  The Company has stockholder-approved equity incentive plans that permit the grant of stock options, restricted stock unit awards, and other stock-based awards to employees, directors, and consultants of the Company. Compensation expense related to stock options and restricted stock units (RSUs) is determined based on the fair value of the award on the date of the grant and is recognized on a straight-line basis over the vesting period in which an employee is required to provide service. Compensation expense is recorded in research and development expense and selling, general, and administrative expense as noted on the Company’s condensed consolidated statements of comprehensive loss.   

The fair value of stock options is estimated at the date of grant using the Black-Scholes method requiring the input of subjective assumptions.  Because the Company’s employee stock options have characteristics significantly different from those of traded options, and because changes in the subjective input assumptions can materially affect the fair value estimate, in management’s opinion, the existing models do not necessarily provide a reliable single measure of the fair value of its employee stock options.  For purposes of determining the fair value of stock options, the Company segregates its options into two homogeneous groups, based on exercise and post-vesting employment termination behaviors, resulting in a change in the assumptions used for expected option lives.  Historical data is used to estimate the expected option life for each group. Expected volatility is based on the historical volatility in the Company’s stock price.  

The Company utilized the Black-Scholes valuation model for estimating the fair value of the stock option compensation granted, with the following weighted-average assumptions for stock options granted in the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022:

	Expected Volatility		Risk-free Interest Rate		Expected Term	Dividend Rate
September 30, 2023
Employees	93	%	3.9	%	4	—	%
Officers and non-employee directors	100	%	3.9	%	6	—	%
September 30, 2022
Employees	107	%	2.4	%	4	—	%
Officers and non-employee directors	91	%	1.9	%	7	—	%

The following is a summary of stock option activity under Lexicon’s stock-based compensation plans for the nine months ended September 30, 2023:

	Stock Options	Weighted Average Exercise Price
	(in thousands)
Outstanding at December 31, 2022	12,349	$	5.10
Granted	7,216	2.43
Expired	(152)	14.68
Forfeited	(785)	4.52
Outstanding at September 30, 2023	18,628	4.01
Exercisable at September 30, 2023	7,700	$	5.75

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The following is a summary of restricted stock unit activity under Lexicon’s stock-based compensation plans for the nine months ended September 30, 2023:

	RSU’s	Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value
	(in thousands)
Outstanding at December 31, 2022	2,748	$	3.78
Granted	4,199	2.41
Vested	(1,290)	3.80
Forfeited	(250)	2.73
Outstanding at September 30, 2023	5,407	$	2.76

8.     Other Capital Agreements

Common Stock: In June 2023, Lexicon sold an aggregate of 55,288,460 shares of its common stock at a price of $2.60 per share in a public offering and concurrent private placement to an affiliate of Invus, L.P., resulting in net proceeds of approximately $139 million, after deducting underwriting discounts and commissions and offering expenses.

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Item 2.  Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

Overview

We are a biopharmaceutical company with a mission of pioneering medicines that transform patients’ lives. We are devoting most of our resources to the commercialization of our approved drug and the research and development of our most advanced drug candidates:

•We are commercializing INPEFA® (sotagliflozin), an orally-delivered small molecule drug, in the United States to reduce the risk of cardiovascular death, hospitalization for heart failure, and urgent heart failure visit in adults with heart failure or type 2 diabetes mellitus, chronic kidney disease, and other cardiovascular risk factors.

We have also engaged in the development of sotagliflozin in type 1 diabetes, which was the subject of a separate NDA. The FDA issued a complete response letter regarding our NDA for sotagliflozin in type 1 diabetes. At our request, the FDA has issued a public Notice of Opportunity for Hearing on whether there are grounds for denying approval of our NDA and the hearing process is ongoing.

•We are developing LX9211, an orally-delivered small molecule drug candidate, as a treatment for diabetic peripheral neuropathic pain. We have reported positive results from a Phase 2 clinical trial of LX9211 in diabetic peripheral neuropathic pain and top-line results from a separate Phase 2 clinical trial of LX9211 in post-herpetic neuralgia which demonstrated clear evidence of effect. We are currently preparing for the initiation of a Phase 2b clinical trial of LX9211 in diabetic peripheral neuropathic pain and LX9211 has received Fast Track designation from the FDA for development in that indication.

•We are conducting preclinical research and development and preparing to conduct clinical development of compounds from a number of additional drug programs originating from our internal drug discovery efforts.

INPEFA and compounds from a number of additional drug programs originated from our own internal drug discovery efforts, and LX9211 originated from our collaborative neuroscience drug discovery efforts with Bristol-Myers Squibb. Our efforts were driven by a systematic, target biology-driven approach in which we used gene knockout technologies and an integrated platform of advanced medical technologies to systematically study the physiological and behavioral functions of almost 5,000 genes in mice and assessed the utility of the proteins encoded by the corresponding human genes as potential drug targets. We have identified and validated in living animals, or in vivo, more than 100 targets with promising profiles for drug discovery.

We are working both independently and through collaborations and strategic alliances with third parties to capitalize on our drug target discoveries and drug discovery and development programs. We seek to retain exclusive or co-exclusive rights to the benefits of certain drug discovery and development programs by developing and commercializing drug candidates from those programs internally, particularly in the United States for indications treated by specialist physicians. We seek to collaborate with other pharmaceutical and biotechnology companies with respect to drug discovery or the development and commercialization of certain of our drug candidates, particularly with respect to commercialization in territories outside the United States or commercialization in the United States for indications treated by primary care physicians, or when the collaboration may otherwise provide us with access to expertise and resources that we do not possess internally or are complementary to our own.

We have derived substantially all of our revenues from strategic collaborations and other research and development collaborations and technology licenses, as well as from commercial sales of our approved drug products. To date, we have generated a substantial portion of our revenues from a limited number of sources.

Our operating results and, in particular, our ability to generate additional revenues are dependent on many factors, including the success of our commercial launch of INPEFA in the United States; the success of our ongoing nonclinical and clinical development efforts and the ability to obtain necessary regulatory approvals of the drug candidates which are the subject of such efforts; our success in establishing new collaborations and licenses and our receipt of milestones, royalties and other payments under such arrangements; and general and industry-specific economic conditions which may affect research, development and commercialization expenditures.

Our ability to secure future revenue-generating agreements will depend upon our ability to address the needs of our potential future collaborators and licensees, and to negotiate agreements that we believe are in our long-term best interests. We may determine, as we have with certain of our drug candidates, that our interests are better served by retaining rights to our discoveries and advancing our therapeutic programs to a later stage, which could limit our near-term revenues and increase expenses. Because of these and other factors, our operating results have fluctuated in the past and are likely to do so in the

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future, and we do not believe that period-to-period comparisons of our operating results are a good indication of our future performance.

Since our inception, we have incurred significant losses and, as of September 30, 2023, we had an accumulated deficit of $1.7 billion. Our losses have resulted principally from costs incurred in research and development, selling, general and administrative costs associated with our operations, and non-cash stock-based compensation expenses associated with stock options and restricted stock units granted to employees and consultants. Research and development expenses consist primarily of salaries and related personnel costs, external research costs related to our nonclinical and clinical efforts, material costs, facility costs, depreciation on property and equipment, and other expenses related to our drug discovery and development programs. Selling, general and administrative expenses consist primarily of salaries and related expenses for executive, sales and marketing, and administrative personnel, professional fees and other corporate expenses, including information technology, facilities costs and general legal activities. We expect to continue to incur significant research and development costs in connection with the continuing research and development of our drug candidates and significant selling, general and administrative expenses in connection with our commercial launch of INPEFA. As a result, we will need to generate significantly higher revenues to achieve profitability.

Critical Accounting Policies

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with generally accepted accounting principles requires us to make judgments, estimates and assumptions in the preparation of our condensed consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes.  Actual results could differ from those estimates.  We believe there have been no significant changes in our critical accounting policies as discussed in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2022.

Results of Operations

Revenues

Revenues for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 were approximately $0.2 million and $0.5 million, respectively, primarily from product revenues recognized from sales of INPEFA following its regulatory approval in May 2023.

Cost of Sales

Cost of sales during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 consist of third-party manufacturing costs, freight and indirect overhead costs associated with sales of INPEFA. We began capitalizing inventory subsequent to regulatory approval of INPEFA as the related costs were expected to be recoverable through the commercialization of the product. The pre-commercialization inventory is expected to be sold over approximately the next two years. As a result, cost of sales will reflect a lower average per unit cost of materials. Costs incurred prior to regulatory approval were recorded as research and development expenses in the condensed consolidated statements of comprehensive loss.

Research and Development Expenses

Research and development expenses and dollar and percentage changes as compared to the corresponding periods in the prior year are as follows (dollar amounts are presented in millions):

 

	Three Months Ended September 30,					Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2023			2022		2023			2022
Total research and development expense	$	17.6		$	10.6	$	44.1		$	38.8
Dollar increase (decrease)	$	7.0				$	5.3
Percentage increase (decrease)	66		%			14		%

Research and development expenses consist primarily of third-party services principally related to nonclinical and clinical development activities, salaries and other personnel-related expenses, stock-based compensation expense, and facilities, equipment, and other costs each of which are described below.  

•Third-party services – Third-party services relate principally to our clinical trial and related development activities, such as nonclinical and clinical studies and contract manufacturing. Overall, third-party services for the three and nine

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months ended September 30, 2023 increased 131% to $11.3 million and 16% to $25.3 million respectively, as compared to the corresponding periods in 2022 primarily related to increased manufacturing and external research development costs. These costs were partially offset by lower professional and consulting fees in 2023 when compared to costs incurred in 2022 related to preparation of the submission of our application for regulatory approval to market INPEFA for heart failure in the United States.

•Personnel – Personnel costs for the three months ended September 30, 2023 increased to $3.6 million from $3.5 million, and for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 increased to $11.1 million from $10.2 million, as compared to the corresponding periods in 2022. Salaries, bonuses, employee benefits, payroll taxes, recruiting and relocation costs are included in personnel costs.

•Stock-based compensation – Stock-based compensation expenses for the three months ended September 30, 2023 increased 42% to $1.3 million, and for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 increased 25% to $3.8 million, as compared to the corresponding periods in 2022, partially due to increased headcount.

•Facilities, equipment, and other – Facilities, equipment, and other costs relate primarily to rent, insurance, travel and training, and software licensing costs. Facilities, equipment, and other costs for each of the three months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022 were $1.3 million and $1.2 million, respectively. For the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022 these costs were $3.8 million and $3.7 million, respectively.

Selling, General and Administrative Expenses

Selling, general and administrative expenses and dollar and percentage changes as compared to the corresponding periods in the prior year are as follows (dollar amounts are presented in millions):

	Three Months Ended September 30,					Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2023			2022		2023			2022
Total selling, general and administrative expense	$	32.2		$	12.6	$	81.4		$	31.8
Dollar increase	$	19.6				$	49.6
Percentage increase	156		%			156		%

Selling, general and administrative expenses consist primarily of personnel costs to support our research and development activities, professional and consulting fees, stock-based compensation expense, and facilities, equipment, and other costs each of which are described further below.

•Personnel – Personnel costs for the three months ended September 30, 2023 increased 244% to $16.1 million, and for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 increased 211% to $38.1 million, as compared to the corresponding periods in 2022, primarily due to higher employee salaries and benefit costs as a result of increased headcount during 2023 in conjunction with the commercial launch of INPEFA that occurred in June 2023. Salaries, bonuses, employee benefits, payroll taxes, recruiting and relocation costs are included in personnel costs.

•Professional and consulting fees – Professional and consulting fees for the three months ended September 30, 2023 increased 108% to $10.1 million, and for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 increased 155% to $27.0 million, as compared to the corresponding periods in 2022, primarily due to higher marketing and professional fees in conjunction with the commercial launch of INPEFA.

•Stock-based compensation – Stock-based compensation expenses for the three months ended September 30, 2023 increased 50% to $2.6 million, and for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 increased 41% to $7.3 million, as compared to the corresponding periods in 2022 due to increasing headcount in the current period.

•Facilities, equipment, and other – Facilities, equipment, and other costs for the three months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022 were $3.5 million and $1.3 million, respectively. For the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022 these costs were $8.9 million and $3.7 million. The increase in these costs in 2023 was primarily due to travel, training, and software licensing in conjunction with the commercial launch of INPEFA.

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Interest Expense and Interest and Other Income, Net

Interest Expense. Interest expense was $3.9 million and $0.9 million during the three months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, and $7.7 million and $1.7 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, due to the Oxford debt financings during 2022 and 2023.

Interest and Other Income (Expense), Net. Interest and other income, net increased to $3.0 million from $0.6 million during the three months ended September 30, 2023 and increased to $5.3 million from $0.7 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2023 from the corresponding periods in 2022.

Net Loss and Net Loss per Common Share

Net loss and Net loss per Common Share. Net loss was $50.5 million, or $0.21 per share, in the three months ended September 30, 2023 as compared to a net loss of $23.4 million, or $0.13 per share, in the corresponding period in 2022. Net loss was $127.4 million, or $0.60 per share, in the nine months ended September 30, 2023 as compared to a net loss of $71.5 million, or $0.45 per share, in the corresponding period in 2022.

Our quarterly operating results have fluctuated in the past and are likely to do so in the future, and we believe that quarter-to-quarter comparisons of our operating results are not a good indication of our future performance.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

We have financed our operations from inception primarily through sales of common and preferred stock, contract and milestone payments we received under our collaborations and strategic licenses, target validation, database subscription and technology license agreements, product sales, government grants and contracts, and financing under debt and lease arrangements, as well as from commercial sales of our approved drug products. Our loan and security agreement with Oxford provides up to $150 million in borrowing capacity, available in five tranches, under which $100 million has been funded under the first three tranches.

As of September 30, 2023, we had $218.4 million in cash, cash equivalents and short-term investments. As of December 31, 2022, we had $138.4 million in cash, cash equivalents and short-term investments. We used cash of $111.3 million from operations in the nine months ended September 30, 2023, largely reflective of the net loss for the period of $127.4 million which included non-cash charges of $9.1 million primarily related to stock-based compensation expense. Investing activities used cash of $101.8 million in the nine months ended September 30, 2023, primarily due to net purchases of investments. Financing activities provided cash of $188.0 million, primarily from approximately $139.0 million in net proceeds from the sale of an aggregate of 55,288,460 shares of common stock at a price of $2.60 per share in a public offering and concurrent private placement to an affiliate of Invus, L.P. and $50.0 million in net proceeds from the funding of the third tranche under the Oxford Term Loans, partially offset by $0.8 million to repurchase common stock in satisfaction of tax withholding obligations for vested restricted stock units.

Other commitments. Upon the regulatory approval of sotagliflozin for the treatment of type 1 diabetes in a major market, we will be required to make certain royalty payments, totaling $4.5 million, in three equal annual installments of $1.5 million.

Under our drug discovery alliance with Bristol-Myers Squibb, we will be required to make a milestone payment of $5 million upon dosing of the first patient in a Phase 3 clinical trial of LX9211.

Facilities. In February 2021, we leased a 25,000 square-foot office space in The Woodlands, Texas. The term of the sublease extends from March 1, 2021 through August 31, 2025, and provides for escalating yearly base rent payments starting at $506,000 and increasing to $557,000 in the final year of the lease.

In July 2022, our subsidiary, Lexicon Pharmaceuticals (New Jersey), Inc., leased a 22,000 square-foot office space in Bridgewater, New Jersey. The term of the lease extends from February 2023 through January 2034 and provides for escalating yearly base rent payments starting at $820,000 and increasing to $986,000 in the final year of the lease.

Our future capital requirements will be substantial and will depend on many factors, including the success of our commercial launch of INPEFA in the United States; the success of our ongoing nonclinical and clinical development efforts and the ability to obtain necessary regulatory approvals of the drug candidates which are the subject of such efforts; our success in establishing new collaborations and licenses and our receipt of milestones, royalties and other payments under such

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arrangements; the amount and timing of our research, development and commercialization expenditures; the resources we devote to commercializing, developing and supporting our products and other factors. Our capital requirements will also be affected by any expenditures we make in connection with license agreements and acquisitions of and investments in complementary technologies and businesses.

We expect to continue to devote substantial capital resources to the commercialization of INPEFA; to successfully complete our planned nonclinical and clinical development efforts with respect to LX9211 and our other drug candidates; and for other general corporate activities. We believe that our current unrestricted cash and investment balances and cash and revenues we expect to derive from strategic and other collaborations and other sources will be sufficient to fund our currently planned operations for at least the next 12 months from the date of this report. During or after this period, if cash generated by operations is insufficient to satisfy our liquidity requirements, we will need to sell additional equity or debt securities or obtain additional credit arrangements. If we are unable to obtain adequate financing when needed, we may have to delay or reduce the scope of one or more of our clinical trials, or commercialization and research and development programs. Additional financing may not be available on terms acceptable to us or at all. The sale of additional equity or convertible debt securities may result in additional dilution to our stockholders.

From time to time, our board of directors may authorize us to repurchase shares of our common stock. If and when our board of directors should determine to authorize any such action, it would be on terms and under market conditions that our board of directors determines are in the best interest of us and our stockholders. Any such actions could deplete significant amounts of our cash resources and/or result in additional dilution to our stockholders.

Disclosure about Market Risk

We are exposed to limited market and credit risk on our cash equivalents which have maturities of three months or less at the time of purchase. We had approximately $218.4 million in cash and cash equivalents and short-term investments as of September 30, 2023. We maintain a short-term investment portfolio which consists of U.S. Treasury bills and corporate debt securities that mature three to 12 months from the time of purchase, which we believe are subject to limited market and credit risk. We currently do not hedge interest rate exposure or hold any derivative financial instruments in our investment portfolio.

We are subject to interest rate sensitivity on our outstanding Oxford Term Loans as they contain a floating rate tied to the 1-month CME Term SOFR rate. Interest on the Oxford Term Loans is payable in cash monthly and the term loans mature in March 2027, unless earlier repaid in accordance with their terms.

We have operated primarily in the United States and substantially all sales to date have been made in U.S. dollars. Accordingly, we have not had any material exposure to foreign currency rate fluctuations.

Item 3.  Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk

See “Disclosure about Market Risk” under “Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” for quantitative and qualitative disclosures about market risk.

Item 4.  Controls and Procedures

Our principal executive officer and principal financial officer have concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934) are effective to ensure that the information required to be disclosed by us in the reports we file under the Securities Exchange Act is gathered, analyzed and disclosed with adequate timeliness, accuracy and completeness, based on an evaluation of such controls and procedures as of the end of the period covered by this report. There were no changes in our internal control over financial reporting during the three months ended September 30, 2023 that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

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Part II -- Other Information 

Item 1.  Legal Proceedings

We are from time to time party to claims and legal proceedings that arise in the normal course of our business and that we believe will not have, individually or in the aggregate, a material adverse effect on our results of operations, financial condition or liquidity.

Item 1A.  Risk Factors

The following risks and uncertainties are important factors that could cause actual results or events to differ materially from those indicated by forward-looking statements. The factors described below are not the only ones we face and additional risks and uncertainties not presently known to us or that we currently deem immaterial also may impair our business operations.

Risks Related to Our Business and Industry

•We depend heavily on the commercial success of INPEFA in heart failure. If we do not achieve commercial success with INPEFA, our business will suffer and our stock price will likely decline.

•We depend heavily on our ability to successfully complete late-stage development of LX9211 in diabetic peripheral neuropathic pain. If we fail to successfully complete such late-stage development, our business will suffer and our stock price will likely decline.

•    Clinical testing of our drug candidates in humans is an inherently risky and time-consuming process that may fail to demonstrate safety and efficacy, which could result in the delay, limitation or prevention of regulatory approval.

•    Our drug candidates are subject to a lengthy and uncertain regulatory process that may not result in the necessary regulatory approvals, which could adversely affect our and our collaborators’ ability to commercialize products.

•The commercial success of INPEFA and any other products that we or our collaborators may develop will depend upon the degree of market acceptance among physicians, patients, health care payers and the medical community.

•If our sales force, marketing infrastructure and distribution capabilities are unsuccessful, we will not be able to successfully commercialize INPEFA and any other products that we or our collaborators may develop.

•If we are unable to obtain adequate coverage and reimbursement from third-party payers for INPEFA and any other products that we or our collaborators may develop, our revenues and prospects for profitability will suffer.

•If we are unable to manufacture INPEFA and any other products that we or our collaborators may develop in commercial quantities, our ability to commercialize such products would be severely impaired.

•We and our collaborators are subject to extensive and rigorous ongoing regulation relating to any products that we or our collaborators may commercialize or develop.

•We are subject to certain healthcare laws, regulation and enforcement; our failure to comply with those laws could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations and financial condition.

•Current healthcare laws and regulations and future legislative or regulatory reforms to the healthcare system may negatively affect our revenues and prospects for profitability.

•    Our competitors may develop products that impair the value of any products that we or our collaborators may commercialize or develop.

•    The outbreak of the novel coronavirus, or COVID-19, historically had an adverse impact on our business operations and clinical trials, and another novel coronavirus could adversely affect our business in the future.

21

Risks Related to Our Capital Requirements and Financial Results

•    We will need additional capital in the future and, if it is unavailable, we will be forced to delay, reduce or eliminate our research and development programs.  If additional capital is not available on reasonable terms, we will be forced to obtain funds, if at all, by entering into financing agreements on unattractive terms.

•    We have a history of net losses, and we expect to continue to incur net losses and may not achieve or maintain profitability.

•Our operating results have fluctuated and likely will continue to fluctuate, and we believe that period-to-period comparisons of our operating results are not a good indication of our future performance.

•    We have substantial indebtedness that may limit cash flow available to invest in the ongoing needs of our business.

•If we do not effectively manage our affirmative and restrictive covenants under the Oxford Term Loans, our financial condition and results of operations could be adversely affected.

Risks Related to Our Relationships with Third Parties

•    We depend on our ability to establish collaborations with pharmaceutical and biotechnology companies for the development and commercialization of our drug candidates. If we are unable to establish such collaborations, or if pharmaceutical products are not successfully and timely developed and commercialized under such collaborations, our opportunities to generate revenues from our other drug candidates will be greatly reduced.

•Conflicts with our collaborators could jeopardize the success of our collaborative agreements and harm our product development efforts.

•We rely on third parties to carry out our nonclinical studies and clinical trials, which may harm or delay our research and development efforts.

•We lack the capability to manufacture materials for nonclinical studies and clinical trials and commercial supplies for INPEFA and any other products which gain regulatory approval. Our reliance on third parties to manufacture our approved products and drug candidates may harm or delay our research, development and commercialization efforts.

Risks Related to Our Intellectual Property

•    If we are unable to adequately protect our intellectual property, third parties may be able to use our products and technologies, which could adversely affect our ability to compete in the market.

•We may be involved in patent litigation and other disputes regarding intellectual property rights and may require licenses from third parties for our planned nonclinical and clinical development and commercialization activities.  We may not prevail in any such litigation or other dispute or be able to obtain required licenses.

•Data breaches and cyber-attacks could compromise our intellectual property or other sensitive information and cause significant damage to our business, reputational harm and financial loss.

•We may be subject to damages resulting from claims that we, our employees or independent contractors have wrongfully used or disclosed alleged trade secrets of their former employers.

Risks Related to Our Employees and Facilities

•    If we are unable to manage our growth, our business, financial condition, results of operations and prospects may be adversely affected.

•The loss of key personnel or the inability to attract and retain additional personnel could impair our ability to operate and expand our operations.

•Our facilities are located near coastal zones, and the occurrence of a hurricane or other disaster could damage our facilities and equipment, which could harm our operations.

22

Risks Related to Environmental and Product Liability

•    We have used hazardous chemicals and radioactive and biological substances in our business. Any claims relating to improper handling, storage or disposal of these substances could be time consuming and costly.

•Our business has a substantial risk of product liability and we face potential product liability exposure far in excess of our limited insurance coverage.

Risks Related to Our Common Stock

•    Invus, L.P. and its affiliates own a controlling interest in our outstanding common stock and may have interests which conflict with those of our other stockholders.

•    Invus has additional rights under its stockholders’ agreement relating to the membership of our board of directors and under our certificate of incorporation relating to preemptive and consent rights, which provide Invus with substantial influence over significant corporate matters.

•Our stock price may be extremely volatile.

•Future issuances or sales of our common stock, or the perception that such issuances or sales may occur, may depress our stock price.

•If securities or industry analysts do not publish research or publish inaccurate or unfavorable research about our business, our stock price and trading volume could decline.

For additional discussion of the risks and uncertainties that affect our business, see “Item 1A. Risk Factors” included in our annual report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2022 as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission.

Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds

None.

23

Item 6.  Exhibits

Exhibit No.		Description
*31.1	—	Certification of Principal Executive Officer Pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
*31.2	—	Certification of Principal Financial Officer Pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
*32.1	—	Certification of Principal Executive and Principal Financial Officers Pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
101.INS	—	XBRL Instance Document
101.SCH	—	XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document
101.CAL	—	XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document
101.DEF	—	XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document
101.LAB	—	XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document
101.PRE	—	XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document
104	—	Cover Page Interactive Data File (embedded within the Inline XBRL document)

_____________________

* Filed herewith.

24

Signatures

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.

		Lexicon Pharmaceuticals, Inc.
Date:	November 8, 2023	By:	/s/ Lonnel Coats
			Lonnel Coats
			Chief Executive Officer

Date:	November 8, 2023	By:	/s/ Jeffrey L. Wade
			Jeffrey L. Wade
			President and Chief Financial Officer

25

EX-31.1

Exhibit 31.1

CERTIFICATIONS

I, Lonnel Coats, certify that:

1.I have reviewed this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q of Lexicon Pharmaceuticals, Inc.;

2.Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;

3.Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;

4.The registrant's other certifying officers and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:

a)designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;

b)designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;

c)evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant's disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and

d)disclosed in this report any change in the registrant's internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant's most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant's fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant's internal control over financial reporting; and

5.The registrant's other certifying officers and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant's auditors and the audit committee of the registrant's board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):

a)all significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant's ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and

b)any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant's internal control over financial reporting.

Date: November 8, 2023

/s/ Lonnel Coats

Lonnel Coats

Chief Executive Officer

EX-31.2

Exhibit 31.2

CERTIFICATIONS

I, Jeffrey L. Wade, certify that:

1.I have reviewed this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q of Lexicon Pharmaceuticals, Inc.;

2.Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;

3.Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;

4.The registrant's other certifying officers and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:

a)designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;

b)designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;

c)evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant's disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and

d)disclosed in this report any change in the registrant's internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant's most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant's fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant's internal control over financial reporting; and

5.The registrant's other certifying officers and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant's auditors and the audit committee of the registrant's board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):

a)all significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant's ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and

b)any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant's internal control over financial reporting.

Date: November 8, 2023

/s/ Jeffrey L. Wade

Jeffrey L. Wade

President and Chief Financial Officer

EX-32.1

Exhibit 32.1

CERTIFICATION

Pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 (18 U.S.C. 1350, as adopted), Lonnel Coats, Principal Executive Officer of Lexicon Pharmaceuticals, Inc. (“Lexicon”), and Jeffrey L. Wade, Principal Financial Officer of Lexicon, each hereby certify that:

1.Lexicon's Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the period ended September 30, 2023, and to which this Certification is attached as Exhibit 32.1 (the “Periodic Report”), fully complies with the requirements of section 13(a) or section 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, and

2.The information contained in the Periodic Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of Lexicon.

IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the undersigned have set their hands hereto as of the 8th day of November, 2023.

By:	/s/ Lonnel Coats
	Lonnel Coats
	Chief Executive Officer

By:	/s/ Jeffrey L. Wade
	Jeffrey L. Wade
	President and Chief Financial Officer

XML

Cover Page - shares	9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2023	Nov. 06, 2023
Cover [Abstract]
Document Type	10-Q
Document Quarterly Report	true
Document Period End Date	Sep. 30, 2023
Document Transition Report	false
Entity File Number	000-30111
Entity Registrant Name	Lexicon Pharmaceuticals, Inc.
Entity Incorporation, State or Country Code	DE
Entity Tax Identification Number	76-0474169
Entity Address, Address Line One	2445 Technology Forest Blvd.
Entity Address, Address Line Two	11th Floor
Entity Address, City or Town	The Woodlands
Entity Address, State or Province	TX
Entity Address, Postal Zip Code	77381
City Area Code	281
Local Phone Number	863-3000
Title of 12(b) Security	Common Stock, par value $0.001
Trading Symbol	LXRX
Security Exchange Name	NASDAQ
Entity Current Reporting Status	Yes
Entity Interactive Data Current	Yes
Entity Filer Category	Non-accelerated Filer
Entity Small Business	true
Entity Emerging Growth Company	false
Entity Shell Company	false
Entity Common Stock, Shares Outstanding		244,924,695
Document Fiscal Period Focus	Q3
Amendment Flag	false
Document Fiscal Year Focus	2023
Current Fiscal Year End Date	--12-31
Entity Central Index Key	0001062822

XML

Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Sep. 30, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Current assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$ 21,116	$ 46,345
Short-term investments	197,311	92,012
Accounts receivable, net	318	28
Inventory	336	0
Prepaid expenses and other current assets	4,291	2,481
Total current assets	223,372	140,866
Property and equipment, net of accumulated depreciation and amortization of $4,391 and $3,984, respectively	2,134	2,071
Goodwill	44,543	44,543
Operating lease right-of-use-assets	5,687	6,407
Other assets	743	412
Total assets	276,479	194,299
Current liabilities:
Accounts payable	12,036	10,395
Accrued liabilities	20,225	12,777
Total current liabilities	32,261	23,172
Long-term debt, net	99,265	48,579
Long-term operating lease liabilities	5,443	5,424
Total liabilities	136,969	77,175
Commitments and contingencies
Stockholders’ Equity:
Preferred stock, $0.01 par value; 5,000,000 shares authorized; no shares issued and outstanding	0	0
Common stock, $0.001 par value; 300,000,000 shares authorized; 245,792,668 and 189,213,948 shares issued, respectively	245	189
Additional paid-in capital	1,859,346	1,709,144
Accumulated deficit	(1,717,083)	(1,589,720)
Accumulated other comprehensive loss	(113)	(428)
Treasury stock, at cost, 867,973 and 488,205 shares, respectively	(2,885)	(2,061)
Total stockholders’ equity	139,510	117,124
Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity	$ 276,479	$ 194,299

XML

Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets (Parenthetical) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Sep. 30, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Statement of Financial Position [Abstract]
Accumulated depreciation and amortization, property and equipment	$ 4,391	$ 3,984
Preferred stock, par value (in dollars per share)	$ 0.01	$ 0.01
Preferred stock, authorized (in shares)	5,000,000,000	5,000,000,000
Preferred stock, outstanding (in shares)	0	0
Preferred stock, issued (in shares)	0	0
Common stock, par value (in dollars per share)	$ 0.001	$ 0.001
Common stock, authorized (in shares)	300,000,000,000	300,000,000,000
Common stock, issued (in shares)	245,792,668	189,213,948
Treasury stock (in shares)	867,973	488,205

XML

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Loss - USD ($) shares in Thousands, $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022
Revenues:
Net product revenue	$ 148	$ 0	$ 438	$ 0
Royalties and other revenue	14	39	64	111
Total revenues	162	39	502	111
Operating expenses:
Cost of sales	7	0	15	0
Research and development, including stock-based compensation of $1,337, $939, $3,842 and $3,069, respectively	17,558	10,557	44,125	38,839
Selling, general and administrative, including stock-based compensation of $2,561, $1,709, $7,286, and $5,183, respectively	32,228	12,577	81,375	31,754
Total operating expenses	49,793	23,134	125,515	70,593
Loss from operations	(49,631)	(23,095)	(125,013)	(70,482)
Interest expense	(3,899)	(864)	(7,680)	(1,677)
Interest and other income, net	3,005	572	5,330	709
Net loss	$ (50,525)	$ (23,387)	$ (127,363)	$ (71,450)
Net loss per common share, basic	$ (0.21)	$ (0.13)	$ (0.60)	$ (0.45)
Net loss per common share, diluted	$ (0.21)	$ (0.13)	$ (0.60)	$ (0.45)
Shares used in computing net loss per common share, basic	244,925	174,904	213,112	157,984
Shares used in computing net loss per common share, diluted	244,925	174,904	213,112	157,984
Other comprehensive loss:
Unrealized (loss) gain on investments	$ (13)	$ (341)	$ 315	$ (481)
Comprehensive loss	$ (50,538)	$ (23,728)	$ (127,048)	$ (71,931)

XML

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Loss (Parenthetical) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022
Stock-based compensation			$ 11,128	$ 8,252
Research and Development Expense
Stock-based compensation	$ 1,337	$ 939	3,842	3,069
Selling, General and Administrative Expenses
Stock-based compensation	$ 2,561	$ 1,709	$ 7,286	$ 5,183

XML

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Stockholders’ Equity - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Total	Common Stock	Additional Paid-In Capital	Accumulated Deficit	Accumulated Other Comprehensive Gain (Loss)	Treasury Stock
Balance, shares at Dec. 31, 2021		150,082,000
Balance, value at Dec. 31, 2021	$ 113,595	$ 150	$ 1,608,749	$ (1,487,776)	$ (10)	$ (7,518)
Stock-based compensation	2,772		2,772
Repurchase of common stock	(864)					(864)
Issuance of equity-classified warrants	698		698
Issuance of treasury stock	0		(6,321)			6,321
Net loss	(23,476)			(23,476)
Unrealized gain (loss) on investments	(27)				(27)
Balance, shares at Mar. 31, 2022		150,082,000
Balance, value at Mar. 31, 2022	92,698	$ 150	1,605,898	(1,511,252)	(37)	(2,061)
Balance, shares at Dec. 31, 2021		150,082,000
Balance, value at Dec. 31, 2021	113,595	$ 150	1,608,749	(1,487,776)	(10)	(7,518)
Issuance of equity-classified warrants	698
Issuance of treasury stock	6,321
Net loss	(71,450)
Unrealized gain (loss) on investments	(481)
Balance, shares at Sep. 30, 2022		189,214,000
Balance, value at Sep. 30, 2022	144,018	$ 189	1,705,607	(1,559,226)	(491)	(2,061)
Balance, shares at Mar. 31, 2022		150,082,000
Balance, value at Mar. 31, 2022	92,698	$ 150	1,605,898	(1,511,252)	(37)	(2,061)
Stock-based compensation	2,832		2,832
Issuance of common stock under Equity Incentive Plans (in shares)		32,000
Net loss	(24,587)			(24,587)
Unrealized gain (loss) on investments	(113)				(113)
Balance, shares at Jun. 30, 2022		150,114,000
Balance, value at Jun. 30, 2022	70,830	$ 150	1,608,730	(1,535,839)	(150)	(2,061)
Stock-based compensation	2,648		2,648
Issuance of common stock, net of issuance fees (in shares)		39,100,000
Issuance of common stock, net of issuance fees	94,268	$ 39	94,229
Net loss	(23,387)			(23,387)
Unrealized gain (loss) on investments	(341)				(341)
Balance, shares at Sep. 30, 2022		189,214,000
Balance, value at Sep. 30, 2022	$ 144,018	$ 189	1,705,607	(1,559,226)	(491)	(2,061)
Balance, shares at Dec. 31, 2022	189,213,948	189,214,000
Balance, value at Dec. 31, 2022	$ 117,124	$ 189	1,709,144	(1,589,720)	(428)	(2,061)
Stock-based compensation	3,415		3,415
Issuance of common stock under Equity Incentive Plans (in shares)		1,216,000
Issuance of common stock under Equity Incentive Plans	0	$ 1	(1)
Repurchase of common stock	(824)					(824)
Net loss	(31,934)			(31,934)
Unrealized gain (loss) on investments	265				265
Balance, shares at Mar. 31, 2023		190,430,000
Balance, value at Mar. 31, 2023	$ 88,046	$ 190	1,712,558	(1,621,654)	(163)	(2,885)
Balance, shares at Dec. 31, 2022	189,213,948	189,214,000
Balance, value at Dec. 31, 2022	$ 117,124	$ 189	1,709,144	(1,589,720)	(428)	(2,061)
Issuance of equity-classified warrants	307
Issuance of treasury stock	0
Net loss	(127,363)
Unrealized gain (loss) on investments	$ 315
Balance, shares at Sep. 30, 2023	245,792,668	245,793,000
Balance, value at Sep. 30, 2023	$ 139,510	$ 245	1,859,346	(1,717,083)	(113)	(2,885)
Balance, shares at Mar. 31, 2023		190,430,000
Balance, value at Mar. 31, 2023	88,046	$ 190	1,712,558	(1,621,654)	(163)	(2,885)
Stock-based compensation	3,815		3,815
Issuance of common stock under Equity Incentive Plans (in shares)		75,000
Issuance of equity-classified warrants	307		307
Issuance of common stock, net of issuance fees (in shares)		55,288,000
Issuance of common stock, net of issuance fees	139,034	$ 55	138,979
Net loss	(44,904)			(44,904)
Unrealized gain (loss) on investments	63				63
Balance, shares at Jun. 30, 2023		245,793,000
Balance, value at Jun. 30, 2023	186,361	$ 245	1,855,659	(1,666,558)	(100)	(2,885)
Stock-based compensation	3,898		3,898
Net loss	(50,525)			(50,525)
Unrealized gain (loss) on investments	(13)				(13)
Other	$ (211)		(211)
Balance, shares at Sep. 30, 2023	245,792,668	245,793,000
Balance, value at Sep. 30, 2023	$ 139,510	$ 245	$ 1,859,346	$ (1,717,083)	$ (113)	$ (2,885)

XML

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows - USD ($) $ in Thousands	9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022
Cash flows from operating activities:
Net loss	$ (127,363)	$ (71,450)
Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash used in operating activities:
Depreciation and amortization	407	324
Stock-based compensation	11,128	8,252
Amortization of debt-related costs	1,156	396
Other non-cash adjustments	(3,613)	0
Changes in operating assets and liabilities:
Increase in accounts receivable	(290)	(26)
Increase in inventories	(336)	0
Increase in prepaid expenses and other current assets	(1,935)	(470)
Decrease in other long-term assets	389	329
Increase (decrease) in accounts payable and other liabilities	9,108	(4,637)
Net cash used in operating activities	(111,349)	(67,282)
Cash flows from investing activities:
Purchases of property and equipment	(470)	(80)
Purchases of investments	(223,241)	(133,363)
Maturities of investments	121,870	38,191
Net cash used in investing activities	(101,841)	(95,252)
Cash flows from financing activities:
Proceeds from issuance of common stock, net of fees	138,823	94,268
Repurchase of common stock	(824)	(864)
Proceeds from debt borrowings, net of fees	49,962	23,899
Net cash provided by financing activities	187,961	117,303
Net decrease in cash and cash equivalents	(25,229)	(45,231)
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period	46,345	64,065
Cash and cash equivalents at end of period	21,116	18,834
Supplemental disclosure of cash flow information:
Cash paid for interest	6,767	1,281
Supplemental disclosure of non-cash investing and financing activities:
Right-of-use asset obtained in exchange for operating lease liability	0	5,206
Issuance of equity-classified warrants	307	698
Issuance of treasury stock	$ 0	$ (6,321)

XML

Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2023

Summary of Significant Accounting Policies [Abstract]

Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

Basis of Presentation: The accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements of Lexicon Pharmaceuticals, Inc. (“Lexicon” or the “Company”) include the accounts of Lexicon and its wholly-owned subsidiaries. Intercompany transactions and balances are eliminated in consolidation. These unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles for interim financial information and pursuant to the rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”). Accordingly, they do not include all of the information and footnotes required by generally accepted accounting principles for complete financial statements. We have made certain reclassification adjustments to conform prior-period amounts to the current presentation. In the opinion of management, all adjustments (consisting of normal recurring adjustments) considered necessary for a fair presentation have been included. Operating results for the nine month period ended September 30, 2023 are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for the year ended December 31, 2023. For further information, refer to the financial statements and footnotes thereto included in Lexicon’s annual report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2022, as filed with the SEC. 

Use of Estimates: The preparation of financial statements in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the period. Actual results could differ from those estimates.

Cash, Cash Equivalents and Short-Term Investments: Lexicon considers all highly-liquid investments with original maturities of three months or less to be cash equivalents.  As of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, short-term investments consisted of U.S. treasury bills and corporate debt securities. The Company’s short-term investments are available for use in current operations regardless of the stated maturity date of the security and are classified as available-for-sale securities. The short-term investments are carried at fair value, based on quoted market prices of the securities. The Company does not intend to sell any of its available-for-sale securities prior to their maturity dates. Unrealized gains and losses on such securities are reported as a separate component of stockholders’ equity.  Net realized gains and losses, interest and dividends are included in interest income.  The cost of securities sold is based on the specific identification method.

Inventory: Inventory is comprised of the Company’s approved product that it is commercializing in the United States, INPEFA® (sotagliflozin). Inventories are determined at the lower of cost or market value with cost determined under the specific identification method.

Revenue Recognition: Product Revenues. Product revenues consist of U.S. sales of INPEFA. In June 2023, Lexicon began shipping INPEFA to its customers in the U.S. These customers primarily include wholesalers and limited retail pharmacies. The Company is in the process of contracting with certain managed care programs or pharmacy benefit managers (PBMs) and has legislatively mandated contracts with the federal and state governments under which rebates are provided based on product utilization. Product revenues are recognized when control is transferred to the customer upon delivery. Product shipping and handling costs are considered a fulfillment activity when control transfers to the Company’s customers and such costs are included in cost of sales.

The Company recognizes product revenue net of applicable estimates of reserves for variable consideration using the expected value method. These estimates consider relevant factors such as current contractual and statutory requirements, industry data and forecasted customer buying and payment patterns. Net product revenue includes variable consideration only to the extent that it is probable that a significant reversal in revenue recognized will not occur in a future period. As necessary, these estimates will be adjusted in the period that such variances to actuals become known. Listed below is a further discussion of these reserves and sales return allowances:

Customer Credits: The Company’s customers are offered various forms of consideration, including allowances, service fees and prompt payment discounts. The Company records allowances, deducts the full amount of prompt payment discounts, and deducts service fees from total product sales when revenues are earned and recognized.

Rebates: Allowances for rebates include mandated discounts under the Medicaid Drug Rebate Program reflecting amounts owed after final dispensing of the product to participants. The Company’s estimates for rebates is based on statutory discount rates, third party market research data and data from sales to its customers. As rebates are generally invoiced and paid in arrears, the Company accrues an estimate of rebates based on the current quarter’s activity, plus any known unpaid prior quarter rebates.

Chargebacks: Chargebacks are discounts that occur when healthcare providers purchase directly from a wholesaler. Generally, the healthcare providers purchase INPEFA at a discounted price. The wholesaler, in turn, charges back to Lexicon the difference between the price paid by the wholesaler and the discounted price that the wholesaler’s customer pays for that product.

Medicare Part D Coverage Gap: The Medicare Part D prescription drug benefit mandates manufacturers to fund a portion of the Medicare Part D insurance coverage gap for prescription drugs sold to eligible patients. The Company’s estimates for the expected Medicare Part D coverage gap are based on sales data received from a third party and projections based on historical data. As funding of the coverage gap is generally invoiced and paid in arrears, the Company accrues an estimate based on the current quarter’s activity, plus any known unpaid prior quarter estimates.

Co-payment assistance: Patients with commercial insurance who meet certain eligibility requirements are eligible to receive co-payment assistance. The Company accrues a liability for co-payment assistance based on actual program participation and estimates of program redemption using data provided by third-party administrators.

Sales returns: The Company records allowances for product returns, if appropriate, as a reduction of revenue at the time product sales are recorded based on an assessment of market exclusivity of the product, the patient population, the customers’ return rights and the Company’s historical experience with returns. Because approval is recent and there is a limited number of patients, most customers and retailers carry a limited inventory.

Cost of Sales:  Cost of sales consists of third-party manufacturing costs, freight and indirect overhead costs associated with sales of INPEFA. The Company began capitalizing inventory in June 2023 following regulatory approval of INPEFA, as the related costs were expected to be recovered through the commercialization of the product. Costs incurred prior to the approval of INPEFA have been recorded as research and development expense in the condensed consolidated statements of comprehensive loss.

Research and Development Expenses: Research and development expenses consist of costs incurred for company-sponsored as well as collaborative research and development activities. These costs include direct and research-related overhead expenses and are expensed as incurred.  Technology license fees for technologies that are utilized in research and development and have no alternative future use are expensed when incurred. Substantial portions of the Company’s preclinical and clinical trials are performed by third-party laboratories, medical centers, contract research organizations and other vendors. For preclinical studies, the Company accrues expenses based upon estimated percentage of work completed and the contract milestones remaining. For clinical studies, expenses are accrued based upon the number of patients enrolled and the duration of the study. The Company monitors patient enrollment, the progress of clinical studies and related activities to the extent possible through internal reviews of data reported to the Company by the vendors and clinical site visits. The Company’s estimates depend on the timeliness and accuracy of the data provided by the vendors regarding the status of each program and total program spending. The Company periodically evaluates the estimates to determine if adjustments are necessary or appropriate based on information it receives.

Net Loss per Common Share: Net loss per common share is computed using the weighted average number of shares of common stock outstanding. Shares associated with stock warrants, stock options and restricted stock units are not included because they are antidilutive due to the Company’s net loss.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements. We do not expect that any recently issued accounting pronouncements will have a material impact on our financial statements.

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Cash and Cash Equivalents and Investments

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2023

Cash and Cash Equivalents and Investments [Abstract]

Cash and Cash Equivalents and Investments

Cash and Cash Equivalents and Investments

The fair value of cash and cash equivalents and investments held at September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022 are as follows: 

	As of September 30, 2023
	Amortized Cost		Gross Unrealized Gains		Gross Unrealized Losses		Estimated Fair Value
	(in thousands)
Cash and cash equivalents	$	21,116	$	—	$	—	$	21,116
Securities maturing within one year:
U.S. treasury securities	191,551		2		(114)		191,439
Corporate debt securities	5,873		—		(1)		5,872
Total short-term investments	$	197,424	$	2	$	(115)	$	197,311
Total cash and cash equivalents and investments	$	218,540	$	2	$	(115)	$	218,427
	As of December 31, 2022
	Amortized Cost		Gross Unrealized Gains		Gross Unrealized Losses		Estimated Fair Value
			(in thousands)
Cash and cash equivalents	$	46,345	$	—	$	—	$	46,345
Securities maturing within one year:
U.S. treasury securities	74,022		—		(342)		73,680
Corporate debt securities	18,418		—		(86)		18,332
Total short-term investments	$	92,440	$	—	$	(428)	$	92,012
Total cash and cash equivalents and investments	$	138,785	$	—	$	(428)	$	138,357

There were no realized losses during either of the nine month periods ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively.

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Fair Value Measurements

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2023

Fair Value Measurements [Abstract]

Fair Value Measurements

Fair Value Measurements

The Company uses various inputs in determining the fair value of its investments and measures these assets on a recurring basis. Assets and liabilities recorded at fair value in the condensed consolidated balance sheets are categorized by the level of objectivity associated with the inputs used to measure their fair value. The following levels are directly related to the amount of subjectivity associated with the inputs to fair valuation of these assets and liabilities:

•Level 1 - quoted prices in active markets for identical investments, which include U.S. treasury securities

•Level 2 - other significant observable inputs (including quoted prices for similar investments, market corroborated inputs, etc.), which includes corporate debt securities

•Level 3 - significant unobservable inputs

The inputs or methodology used for valuing securities are not necessarily an indication of the credit risk associated with investing in those securities. The following table provides the fair value measurements of applicable Company assets that are measured at fair value on a recurring basis according to the fair value levels defined above as of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022. There were no transfers between Level 1 and Level 2 during the periods presented.

	Fair Value as of September 30, 2023
	Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Total
	(in thousands)
Cash and cash equivalents	$	21,116	$	—	$	—	$	21,116
Short-term investments	191,439		5,872		—		197,311
Total cash and cash equivalents and investments	$	212,555	$	5,872	$	—	$	218,427

	Fair Value as of December 31, 2022
	Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Total
	(in thousands)
Cash and cash equivalents	$	46,345	$	—	$	—	$	46,345
Short-term investments	73,680		18,332		—		92,012
Total cash and cash equivalents and investments	$	120,025	$	18,332	$	—	$	138,357

The fair value of the Oxford Term Loans (see Note 5) is determined under Level 2 in the fair value hierarchy and approximates carrying value as the loans bear interest at a rate that approximates prevailing market rates for instruments with similar characteristics.

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Supplemental Financial Information

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2023

Text Block [Abstract]

Supplemental Financial Information

Supplemental Financial Information

The following tables show the Company’s additional balance sheet information as of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022:

	As of September 30,		As of December 31,
	2023		2022
	(in thousands)
Inventories:
Raw materials	$	—	$	—
Work-in-progress	167		—
Finished goods	169		—
Inventory	$	336	$	—

	As of September 30,		As of December 31,
	2023		2022
	(in thousands)
Accrued Liabilities:
Accrued research and development services	$	8,596	$	3,252
Accrued compensation and benefits	9,767		7,830
Short-term lease liability	1,291		1,291
Other	571		404
Total accrued liabilities	$	20,225	$	12,777

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Debt Obligations

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2023

Debt Obligations [Abstract]

Debt Obligations

Debt Obligations

Oxford Term Loans. In March 2022, Lexicon and one of its subsidiaries entered into a loan and security agreement with Oxford Finance LLC (“Oxford”) that provides up to $150 million in borrowing capacity (the “Oxford Term Loans”). The loan and security agreement was subsequently amended in August 2022, May 2023 and June 2023. The Oxford Term Loans are available in five tranches, each maturing in March 2027. The first $25 million tranche was funded in March 2022, the second $25 million tranche was funded in December 2022 and the third $50 million tranche was funded in June 2023. The fourth $25 million tranche is available for draw at Lexicon’s option between December 1 and December 31, 2023. The fifth $25 million tranche is available for draw at Lexicon’s option, subject to Oxford’s consent, at any time prior to the expiration of the interest-only period as described below. An unused fee will be due in the event Lexicon does not draw the full amount available under the fourth tranche.

A final payment exit fee equal to 6% of the amount funded under the Oxford Term Loans is due upon prepayment or maturity, which final payment will be adjusted to 7% of the amount funded upon extension of the interest-only payment period. The final payment exit fee of $6.0 million as of September 30, 2023, in the aggregate for the three borrowed tranches, is recorded as a debt discount on the condensed consolidated balance sheet.

Concurrent with the funding of each of the first three tranches, Lexicon granted Oxford warrants to purchase 420,673 shares of Lexicon’s common stock at an exercise price of $2.08 per share, 224,128 shares of Lexicon’s common stock at an exercise price of $1.95 per share and 183,824 shares of Lexicon’s common stock at an exercise price of $2.38 per share, respectively. Subject to and upon funding of the fourth tranche, Lexicon will grant Oxford a warrant to purchase shares of its common stock having a value equal to 1.75% of such tranche, as determined by reference to a 10-day average closing price of the shares, and having an exercise price equal to such average closing price. All warrants are exercisable for five years from their respective grant dates and feature a net cashless exercise provision. The Company allocated the proceeds from each term loan tranche to the corresponding warrant using the relative fair value method and used the Black-Scholes model to calculate the fair value of the warrants. The warrants that have been issued in connection with the funding of each tranche reduced the carrying value of long-term debt and are separately classified as equity instruments on the condensed consolidated balance sheet.

As of September 30, 2023, the carrying value of the Oxford Term Loans on the condensed consolidated balance sheet was $99.3 million, reflecting as a discount of $6.7 million to the face value of long-term debt for the final payment exit fee, the warrant fair value, and debt issuance costs, which are being amortized into interest expense throughout the life of the term loan using the effective interest rate method.

Monthly interest-only payments are due during an initial 36-month period from the original March 2022 borrowing date, which may be extended at Lexicon’s option to 48 months if Lexicon maintains compliance with financial covenants relating to (i) net sales of INPEFA following regulatory approval and, (ii) minimum cash balance requirements if Lexicon draws the fourth tranche and following its funding. The interest-only period will be followed by an amortization period extending through the maturity date. Payments of $34.8 million, $52.2 million, and $19.0 million, including debt principal and final exit fee payments, will be due during the fiscal years ended December 31, 2025, December 31, 2026 and December 31, 2027, respectively, with respect to all borrowed loan tranches as of September 30, 2023.

Prior to the June 2023 amendment to the loan and security agreement, the Oxford Term Loans bore interest at a floating rate equal to the 30-day U.S. Dollar LIBOR plus 7.90%, but not less than 8.01%, subject to additional interest if an event of default occurs and is continuing. Following such amendment, the floating interest rate is based on the sum of (a) the 1-month CME Term Secured Overnight Financing Rate (SOFR), (b) 0.10%, and (c) 7.90% for the first and second tranches and 7.00% for the third and fourth tranches. As of September 30, 2023, the weighted average interest rate was 12.9%. During the nine months ended September 30, 2023, the Company recognized interest expense of $7.7 million, including $1.0 million in amortization of discount and related debt costs.

If an event of default occurs and is continuing, Oxford may declare all amounts outstanding under the loan and security agreement to be immediately due and payable. Additionally, Lexicon may prepay the Oxford Term Loans in whole at its option at any time. Any prepayment of the Oxford Term Loans is subject to prepayment fees for up to three years after the funding of each tranche of the loans.

Lexicon’s obligations under the Oxford Term Loans are secured by a first lien security interest in all of the assets of the Company and its subsidiaries. The loan and security agreement contains certain customary representations and warranties, affirmative and negative covenants and events of default applicable to Lexicon and its subsidiaries. In addition to the financial covenants, additional covenants include those restricting dispositions, fundamental changes to its business, mergers or

acquisitions, indebtedness, encumbrances, distributions, investments, transactions with affiliates and subordinated debt. The Company was in compliance with its debt covenants as of September 30, 2023.

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Commitments and Contingencies

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2023

Commitments and Contingencies Disclosure [Abstract]

Commitments and Contingencies

Commitments and Contingencies

Operating Lease Obligations:  Lexicon’s operating leases include office space in The Woodlands, Texas and Bridgewater, New Jersey and will expire in August 2025 and January 2034, respectively. Operating lease right-of-use assets and associated lease liabilities are recorded in the balance sheet at the lease commencement date based on the present value of future lease payments to be made over the expected lease term. As the implicit rate is not determinable in its leases, Lexicon uses its incremental borrowing rate based on the information available at the commencement date to determine the present value of lease payments. Lexicon does not record a right-of-use asset or associated liability for those leases with terms of twelve months or less.

As of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, the right-of-use assets for the office space leases had a balance of $5.7 million and $6.4 million, respectively, which is included in operating lease right-of-use-assets in the condensed consolidated balance sheet. Current and long-term liabilities as of September 30, 2023, relating to the leases were $1.3 million and $5.4 million, respectively, which are included in accrued liabilities and long-term operating lease liabilities in the condensed consolidated balance sheet, respectively. Current and long-term liabilities as of December 31, 2022, relating to the leases were $1.3 million and $5.4 million, respectively, which are included in accrued liabilities and long-term operating lease liabilities in the condensed consolidated balance sheet, respectively. During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, the Company incurred lease expense of $0.4 million and $1.2 million and $0.5 million and $1.2 million, respectively.

During the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, the Company made cash payments for lease liabilities of $0.5 million and $0.9 million, respectively. As of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, the weighted-average remaining lease terms were 9.1 years and 9.5 years, respectively, with weighted-average discount rates of 9.6% and 9.6%, respectively.

The following table reconciles the undiscounted cash flows of the operating lease liability to the recorded lease liability at September 30, 2023:

	(in thousands)
2023	$	338
2024	1,378
2025	1,220
2026	865
2027	881
Thereafter	5,644
Total undiscounted operating lease liability	10,326
Less: amount of lease payments representing interest	(3,592)
Present value of future lease payments	6,734
Less: short-term operating lease liability	(1,291)
Long-term operating lease liability	$	5,443

Legal Proceedings.  Lexicon is from time to time party to claims and legal proceedings that arise in the normal course of its business and that it believes will not have, individually or in the aggregate, a material adverse effect on its results of operations, financial condition or liquidity.

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Equity Incentive Awards

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2023

Share-Based Payment Arrangement [Abstract]

Equity Incentive Awards

Equity Incentive Awards

Stock-Based Compensation:  The Company has stockholder-approved equity incentive plans that permit the grant of stock options, restricted stock unit awards, and other stock-based awards to employees, directors, and consultants of the Company. Compensation expense related to stock options and restricted stock units (RSUs) is determined based on the fair value of the award on the date of the grant and is recognized on a straight-line basis over the vesting period in which an employee is required to provide service. Compensation expense is recorded in research and development expense and selling, general, and administrative expense as noted on the Company’s condensed consolidated statements of comprehensive loss.   

The fair value of stock options is estimated at the date of grant using the Black-Scholes method requiring the input of subjective assumptions.  Because the Company’s employee stock options have characteristics significantly different from those of traded options, and because changes in the subjective input assumptions can materially affect the fair value estimate, in management’s opinion, the existing models do not necessarily provide a reliable single measure of the fair value of its employee stock options.  For purposes of determining the fair value of stock options, the Company segregates its options into two homogeneous groups, based on exercise and post-vesting employment termination behaviors, resulting in a change in the assumptions used for expected option lives.  Historical data is used to estimate the expected option life for each group. Expected volatility is based on the historical volatility in the Company’s stock price.  

The Company utilized the Black-Scholes valuation model for estimating the fair value of the stock option compensation granted, with the following weighted-average assumptions for stock options granted in the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022:

	Expected Volatility		Risk-free Interest Rate		Expected Term	Dividend Rate
September 30, 2023
Employees	93	%	3.9	%	4	—	%
Officers and non-employee directors	100	%	3.9	%	6	—	%
September 30, 2022
Employees	107	%	2.4	%	4	—	%
Officers and non-employee directors	91	%	1.9	%	7	—	%

The following is a summary of stock option activity under Lexicon’s stock-based compensation plans for the nine months ended September 30, 2023:

	Stock Options	Weighted Average Exercise Price
	(in thousands)
Outstanding at December 31, 2022	12,349	$	5.10
Granted	7,216	2.43
Expired	(152)	14.68
Forfeited	(785)	4.52
Outstanding at September 30, 2023	18,628	4.01
Exercisable at September 30, 2023	7,700	$	5.75

The following is a summary of restricted stock unit activity under Lexicon’s stock-based compensation plans for the nine months ended September 30, 2023:

	RSU’s	Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value
	(in thousands)
Outstanding at December 31, 2022	2,748	$	3.78
Granted	4,199	2.41
Vested	(1,290)	3.80
Forfeited	(250)	2.73
Outstanding at September 30, 2023	5,407	$	2.76

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Other Capital Agreements

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2023

Equity [Abstract]

Other Capital Agreements

Other Capital Agreements

Common Stock: In June 2023, Lexicon sold an aggregate of 55,288,460 shares of its common stock at a price of $2.60 per share in a public offering and concurrent private placement to an affiliate of Invus, L.P., resulting in net proceeds of approximately $139 million, after deducting underwriting discounts and commissions and offering expenses.

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Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Policies)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2023

Summary of Significant Accounting Policies [Abstract]

Basis of Presentation

Basis of Presentation: The accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements of Lexicon Pharmaceuticals, Inc. (“Lexicon” or the “Company”) include the accounts of Lexicon and its wholly-owned subsidiaries. Intercompany transactions and balances are eliminated in consolidation. These unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles for interim financial information and pursuant to the rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”). Accordingly, they do not include all of the information and footnotes required by generally accepted accounting principles for complete financial statements. We have made certain reclassification adjustments to conform prior-period amounts to the current presentation. In the opinion of management, all adjustments (consisting of normal recurring adjustments) considered necessary for a fair presentation have been included. Operating results for the nine month period ended September 30, 2023 are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for the year ended December 31, 2023. For further information, refer to the financial statements and footnotes thereto included in Lexicon’s annual report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2022, as filed with the SEC.

Use of Estimates

Use of Estimates: The preparation of financial statements in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the period. Actual results could differ from those estimates.

Cash, Cash Equivalents and Short-Term Investments

Cash, Cash Equivalents and Short-Term Investments: Lexicon considers all highly-liquid investments with original maturities of three months or less to be cash equivalents.  As of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, short-term investments consisted of U.S. treasury bills and corporate debt securities. The Company’s short-term investments are available for use in current operations regardless of the stated maturity date of the security and are classified as available-for-sale securities. The short-term investments are carried at fair value, based on quoted market prices of the securities. The Company does not intend to sell any of its available-for-sale securities prior to their maturity dates. Unrealized gains and losses on such securities are reported as a separate component of stockholders’ equity.  Net realized gains and losses, interest and dividends are included in interest income.  The cost of securities sold is based on the specific identification method.

Inventory

Inventory: Inventory is comprised of the Company’s approved product that it is commercializing in the United States, INPEFA® (sotagliflozin). Inventories are determined at the lower of cost or market value with cost determined under the specific identification method.

Revenue Recognition

Revenue Recognition: Product Revenues. Product revenues consist of U.S. sales of INPEFA. In June 2023, Lexicon began shipping INPEFA to its customers in the U.S. These customers primarily include wholesalers and limited retail pharmacies. The Company is in the process of contracting with certain managed care programs or pharmacy benefit managers (PBMs) and has legislatively mandated contracts with the federal and state governments under which rebates are provided based on product utilization. Product revenues are recognized when control is transferred to the customer upon delivery. Product shipping and handling costs are considered a fulfillment activity when control transfers to the Company’s customers and such costs are included in cost of sales.

The Company recognizes product revenue net of applicable estimates of reserves for variable consideration using the expected value method. These estimates consider relevant factors such as current contractual and statutory requirements, industry data and forecasted customer buying and payment patterns. Net product revenue includes variable consideration only to the extent that it is probable that a significant reversal in revenue recognized will not occur in a future period. As necessary, these estimates will be adjusted in the period that such variances to actuals become known. Listed below is a further discussion of these reserves and sales return allowances:

Customer Credits: The Company’s customers are offered various forms of consideration, including allowances, service fees and prompt payment discounts. The Company records allowances, deducts the full amount of prompt payment discounts, and deducts service fees from total product sales when revenues are earned and recognized.

Rebates: Allowances for rebates include mandated discounts under the Medicaid Drug Rebate Program reflecting amounts owed after final dispensing of the product to participants. The Company’s estimates for rebates is based on statutory discount rates, third party market research data and data from sales to its customers. As rebates are generally invoiced and paid in arrears, the Company accrues an estimate of rebates based on the current quarter’s activity, plus any known unpaid prior quarter rebates.

Chargebacks: Chargebacks are discounts that occur when healthcare providers purchase directly from a wholesaler. Generally, the healthcare providers purchase INPEFA at a discounted price. The wholesaler, in turn, charges back to Lexicon the difference between the price paid by the wholesaler and the discounted price that the wholesaler’s customer pays for that product.

Medicare Part D Coverage Gap: The Medicare Part D prescription drug benefit mandates manufacturers to fund a portion of the Medicare Part D insurance coverage gap for prescription drugs sold to eligible patients. The Company’s estimates for the expected Medicare Part D coverage gap are based on sales data received from a third party and projections based on historical data. As funding of the coverage gap is generally invoiced and paid in arrears, the Company accrues an estimate based on the current quarter’s activity, plus any known unpaid prior quarter estimates.

Co-payment assistance: Patients with commercial insurance who meet certain eligibility requirements are eligible to receive co-payment assistance. The Company accrues a liability for co-payment assistance based on actual program participation and estimates of program redemption using data provided by third-party administrators.

Sales returns: The Company records allowances for product returns, if appropriate, as a reduction of revenue at the time product sales are recorded based on an assessment of market exclusivity of the product, the patient population, the customers’ return rights and the Company’s historical experience with returns. Because approval is recent and there is a limited number of patients, most customers and retailers carry a limited inventory.

Cost of sales

Cost of Sales:  Cost of sales consists of third-party manufacturing costs, freight and indirect overhead costs associated with sales of INPEFA. The Company began capitalizing inventory in June 2023 following regulatory approval of INPEFA, as the related costs were expected to be recovered through the commercialization of the product. Costs incurred prior to the approval of INPEFA have been recorded as research and development expense in the condensed consolidated statements of comprehensive loss.

Research and Development Expenses

Research and Development Expenses: Research and development expenses consist of costs incurred for company-sponsored as well as collaborative research and development activities. These costs include direct and research-related overhead expenses and are expensed as incurred.  Technology license fees for technologies that are utilized in research and development and have no alternative future use are expensed when incurred. Substantial portions of the Company’s preclinical and clinical trials are performed by third-party laboratories, medical centers, contract research organizations and other vendors. For preclinical studies, the Company accrues expenses based upon estimated percentage of work completed and the contract milestones remaining. For clinical studies, expenses are accrued based upon the number of patients enrolled and the duration of the study. The Company monitors patient enrollment, the progress of clinical studies and related activities to the extent possible through internal reviews of data reported to the Company by the vendors and clinical site visits. The Company’s estimates depend on the timeliness and accuracy of the data provided by the vendors regarding the status of each program and total program spending. The Company periodically evaluates the estimates to determine if adjustments are necessary or appropriate based on information it receives.

Net Loss per Common Share

Net Loss per Common Share: Net loss per common share is computed using the weighted average number of shares of common stock outstanding. Shares associated with stock warrants, stock options and restricted stock units are not included because they are antidilutive due to the Company’s net loss.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

Recent Accounting Pronouncements. We do not expect that any recently issued accounting pronouncements will have a material impact on our financial statements.

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Cash and Cash Equivalents and Investments (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2023

Cash and Cash Equivalents and Investments [Abstract]

Schedule of Cash, Cash Equivalents and Short-term Investments

The fair value of cash and cash equivalents and investments held at September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022 are as follows: 

	As of September 30, 2023
	Amortized Cost		Gross Unrealized Gains		Gross Unrealized Losses		Estimated Fair Value
	(in thousands)
Cash and cash equivalents	$	21,116	$	—	$	—	$	21,116
Securities maturing within one year:
U.S. treasury securities	191,551		2		(114)		191,439
Corporate debt securities	5,873		—		(1)		5,872
Total short-term investments	$	197,424	$	2	$	(115)	$	197,311
Total cash and cash equivalents and investments	$	218,540	$	2	$	(115)	$	218,427
	As of December 31, 2022
	Amortized Cost		Gross Unrealized Gains		Gross Unrealized Losses		Estimated Fair Value
			(in thousands)
Cash and cash equivalents	$	46,345	$	—	$	—	$	46,345
Securities maturing within one year:
U.S. treasury securities	74,022		—		(342)		73,680
Corporate debt securities	18,418		—		(86)		18,332
Total short-term investments	$	92,440	$	—	$	(428)	$	92,012
Total cash and cash equivalents and investments	$	138,785	$	—	$	(428)	$	138,357

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Fair Value Measurements (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2023

Fair Value Measurements [Abstract]

Fair Value, by Balance Sheet Grouping

The following table provides the fair value measurements of applicable Company assets that are measured at fair value on a recurring basis according to the fair value levels defined above as of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022. There were no transfers between Level 1 and Level 2 during the periods presented.

	Fair Value as of September 30, 2023
	Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Total
	(in thousands)
Cash and cash equivalents	$	21,116	$	—	$	—	$	21,116
Short-term investments	191,439		5,872		—		197,311
Total cash and cash equivalents and investments	$	212,555	$	5,872	$	—	$	218,427

	Fair Value as of December 31, 2022
	Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Total
	(in thousands)
Cash and cash equivalents	$	46,345	$	—	$	—	$	46,345
Short-term investments	73,680		18,332		—		92,012
Total cash and cash equivalents and investments	$	120,025	$	18,332	$	—	$	138,357

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Supplemental Financial Information (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2023

Text Block [Abstract]

Schedule of Inventory, Current

The following tables show the Company’s additional balance sheet information as of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022:

	As of September 30,		As of December 31,
	2023		2022
	(in thousands)
Inventories:
Raw materials	$	—	$	—
Work-in-progress	167		—
Finished goods	169		—
Inventory	$	336	$	—

Schedule of Accrued Liabilities

	As of September 30,		As of December 31,
	2023		2022
	(in thousands)
Accrued Liabilities:
Accrued research and development services	$	8,596	$	3,252
Accrued compensation and benefits	9,767		7,830
Short-term lease liability	1,291		1,291
Other	571		404
Total accrued liabilities	$	20,225	$	12,777

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Commitment and Contingencies (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2023

Commitments and Contingencies Disclosure [Abstract]

Lessee, Operating Lease, Liability, to be Paid, Maturity

The following table reconciles the undiscounted cash flows of the operating lease liability to the recorded lease liability at September 30, 2023:

	(in thousands)
2023	$	338
2024	1,378
2025	1,220
2026	865
2027	881
Thereafter	5,644
Total undiscounted operating lease liability	10,326
Less: amount of lease payments representing interest	(3,592)
Present value of future lease payments	6,734
Less: short-term operating lease liability	(1,291)
Long-term operating lease liability	$	5,443

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Equity Incentive Awards (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2023

Share-Based Payment Arrangement [Abstract]

Schedule of Share-based Payment Award, Stock Options, Valuation Assumptions

The Company utilized the Black-Scholes valuation model for estimating the fair value of the stock option compensation granted, with the following weighted-average assumptions for stock options granted in the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022:

	Expected Volatility		Risk-free Interest Rate		Expected Term	Dividend Rate
September 30, 2023
Employees	93	%	3.9	%	4	—	%
Officers and non-employee directors	100	%	3.9	%	6	—	%
September 30, 2022
Employees	107	%	2.4	%	4	—	%
Officers and non-employee directors	91	%	1.9	%	7	—	%

Share-based Payment Arrangement, Option, Activity

The following is a summary of stock option activity under Lexicon’s stock-based compensation plans for the nine months ended September 30, 2023:

	Stock Options	Weighted Average Exercise Price
	(in thousands)
Outstanding at December 31, 2022	12,349	$	5.10
Granted	7,216	2.43
Expired	(152)	14.68
Forfeited	(785)	4.52
Outstanding at September 30, 2023	18,628	4.01
Exercisable at September 30, 2023	7,700	$	5.75

Schedule of Nonvested Restricted Stock Units Activity

The following is a summary of restricted stock unit activity under Lexicon’s stock-based compensation plans for the nine months ended September 30, 2023:

	RSU’s	Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value
	(in thousands)
Outstanding at December 31, 2022	2,748	$	3.78
Granted	4,199	2.41
Vested	(1,290)	3.80
Forfeited	(250)	2.73
Outstanding at September 30, 2023	5,407	$	2.76

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Cash and Cash Equivalents and Investments (Details 1) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Sep. 30, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Fair Value
Estimated Fair Value	$ 197,311	$ 92,012
Cash and cash equivalents
Fair Value
Amortized Cost	21,116	46,345
Gross Unrealized Gains	0	0
Gross Unrealized Losses	0	0
Estimated Fair Value	21,116	46,345
U.S. treasury securities
Fair Value
Amortized Cost	191,551	74,022
Gross Unrealized Gains	2	0
Gross Unrealized Losses	(114)	(342)
Estimated Fair Value	191,439	73,680
Corporate debt securities
Fair Value
Amortized Cost	5,873	18,418
Gross Unrealized Gains	0	0
Gross Unrealized Losses	(1)	(86)
Estimated Fair Value	5,872	18,332
Total short-term investments
Fair Value
Amortized Cost	197,424	92,440
Gross Unrealized Gains	2	0
Gross Unrealized Losses	(115)	(428)
Estimated Fair Value	197,311	92,012
Total cash and cash equivalents and investments
Fair Value
Amortized Cost	218,540	138,785
Gross Unrealized Gains	2	0
Gross Unrealized Losses	(115)	(428)
Estimated Fair Value	$ 218,427	$ 138,357

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Cash and Cash Equivalents and Investments (Details 2) - USD ($)	9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022
Cash and Cash Equivalents and Investments [Abstract]
Realized Investment Gains (Losses)	$ 0	$ 0

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Fair Value Measurements (Details 1) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Sep. 30, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Fair Value
Cash and cash equivalents	$ 21,116	$ 46,345
Short-term investments	197,311	92,012
Total cash and cash equivalents and investments	218,427	138,357
Level 1
Fair Value
Cash and cash equivalents	21,116	46,345
Short-term investments	191,439	73,680
Total cash and cash equivalents and investments	212,555	120,025
Level 2
Fair Value
Cash and cash equivalents	0	0
Short-term investments	5,872	18,332
Total cash and cash equivalents and investments	5,872	18,332
Level 3
Fair Value
Cash and cash equivalents	0	0
Short-term investments	0	0
Total cash and cash equivalents and investments	$ 0	$ 0

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Supplemental Financial Information (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Sep. 30, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Inventories:
Raw materials	$ 0	$ 0
Work-in-progress	167	0
Finished goods	169	0
Inventory	336	0
Accrued Liabilities:
Accrued research and development services	8,596	3,252
Accrued compensation and benefits	9,767	7,830
Short-term lease liability	1,291	1,291
Other	571	404
Total accrued liabilities	$ 20,225	$ 12,777

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Debt Obligations (Details) - USD ($)	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022	Jun. 30, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022	Mar. 31, 2022
Debt Obligations [Abstract]
Oxford Loan Facility							$ 150,000,000
Term Loan A							$ 25,000,000
Term Loan B						$ 25,000,000
Term Loan C					$ 50,000,000
Term Loan D	$ 25,000,000		$ 25,000,000
Term Loan E	$ 25,000,000		$ 25,000,000
Final Payment % with no extention	6.00%		6.00%
Final Payment % with extention	7.00%		7.00%
Term Loan A Final Payment	$ 6,000,000		$ 6,000,000
Term Loan A Warrants Number							420,673
Term Loan A Warrant Exercise Price							$ 2.08
Term Loan B Warrants Number						224,128
Term Loan B Warrant Exercise Price						$ 1.95
Term Loan C Warrants Number					$ 183,824
Term Loan C Warrant Exercise Price					$ 2.38
Term Loan D Warrant %	1.75%		1.75%
Long-Term Debt	$ 99,300,000		$ 99,300,000
Debt Instrument, Unamortized Discount (Premium) and Debt Issuance Costs, Net	6,700,000		6,700,000
2026 Oxford Principal Payments	34,800,000		34,800,000
2027 Oxford Principal Payments	52,200,000		52,200,000
2027 Oxford Principal Payments2	$ 19,000,000.0		$ 19,000,000.0
Debt Instrument, Interest Rate, Stated Percentage	7.90%		7.90%
Long-Term Debt, Percentage Bearing Fixed Interest, Percentage Rate	8.01%		8.01%
Term Loan Incremental Interest Component	0.10%		0.10%
Term Loan C & D, Interest Rate, Stated Percentage	7.00%		7.00%
Debt, Weighted Average Interest Rate	12.90%		12.90%
Interest Expense	$ (3,899,000)	$ (864,000)	$ (7,680,000)	$ (1,677,000)
Amortization of Debt Discount (Premium)			$ 1,000,000.0

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Commitments and Contingencies (Details 1) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022	Dec. 31, 2022
Commitments and Contingencies Disclosure [Abstract]
Operating lease right-of-use-assets	$ 5,687		$ 5,687		$ 6,407
Short-term lease liability	1,291		1,291		1,291
Long-term operating lease liabilities	5,443		5,443		$ 5,424
Operating Lease, Expense	$ 400	$ 500	1,200	$ 1,200
Payments for Rent			$ 500	$ 900
Operating Lease, Weighted Average Remaining Lease Term	9 years 1 month 6 days		9 years 1 month 6 days		9 years 6 months
Operating Lease, Weighted Average Discount Rate, Percent	9.60%		9.60%		9.60%

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Commitments and Contingencies (Details 2) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Sep. 30, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Commitments and Contingencies Disclosure [Abstract]
2023	$ 338
2024	1,378
2025	1,220
2026	865
2027	881
Thereafter	5,644
Total undiscounted operating lease liability	10,326
Less: amount of lease payments representing interest	(3,592)
Present value of future lease payments	6,734
Less: short-term operating lease liability	(1,291)	$ (1,291)
Long-term operating lease liabilities	$ 5,443	$ 5,424

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Equity Incentive Awards (Details 1) - Stock Options	9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022
Employees
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Expected Volatility	93.00%	107.00%
Risk-free Interest Rate	3.90%	2.40%
Expected Term	4 years	4 years
Dividend Rate	0.00%	0.00%
Officers and non-employee directors
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Expected Volatility	100.00%	91.00%
Risk-free Interest Rate	3.90%	1.90%
Expected Term	6 years	7 years
Dividend Rate	0.00%	0.00%

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Equity Incentive Awards (Details 2) - Stock Options shares in Thousands	9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2023 $ / shares shares
Share-Based Compensation Arrangement by Share-Based Payment Award, Options, Outstanding [Roll Forward]
Outstanding at beginning of period (in shares) | shares	12,349
Granted (in shares) | shares	7,216
Expired (in shares) | shares	(152)
Forfeited (in shares) | shares	(785)
Outstanding at end of period (in shares) | shares	18,628
Exercisable (in shares) | shares	7,700
Weighted Average Exercise Price
Outstanding at beginning of period (in dollars per share) | $ / shares	$ 5.10
Granted (in dollars per share) | $ / shares	2.43
Expired (in dollars per share) | $ / shares	14.68
Forfeited (in dollars per share) | $ / shares	4.52
Outstanding at end of period (in dollars per share) | $ / shares	4.01
Exercisable (in dollars per share) | $ / shares	$ 5.75

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Equity Incentive Awards (Details 3) - RSU’s shares in Thousands	9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2023 $ / shares shares
Share-Based Compensation Arrangement by Share-Based Payment Award, Equity Instruments Other than Options, Nonvested, Number of Shares [Roll Forward]
Outstanding at beginning of period (in shares) | shares	2,748
Granted (in shares) | shares	4,199
Vested (in shares) | shares	(1,290)
Forfeited (in shares) | shares	(250)
Outstanding at end of period (in shares) | shares	5,407
Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value
Outstanding at beginning of period (in dollars per share) | $ / shares	$ 3.78
Outstanding at end of period (in dollars per share) | $ / shares	2.76
Granted (in dollars per share) | $ / shares	2.41
Vested (in dollars per share) | $ / shares	3.80
Forfeited (in dollars per share) | $ / shares	$ 2.73

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Other Capital Agreements (Details) - USD ($) $ / shares in Units, $ in Thousands	6 Months Ended	9 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022
Equity [Abstract]
Sale of Stock, Number of Shares Issued in Transaction	55,288,460
Shares Issued, Price Per Share	$ 2.60
Proceeds from issuance of common stock, net of fees	$ 139,000	$ 138,823	$ 94,268