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Arrangements with Symphony Icon, Inc.
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2011
Arrangements with Symphony Icon Inc [Abstract]  
Arrangements with Symphony Icon, Inc.
Arrangements with Symphony Icon, Inc.
 
On June 15, 2007, Lexicon entered into a series of related agreements providing for the financing of the clinical development of certain of its drug candidates, including LX1031, LX1032 and LX1033, along with any other pharmaceutical compositions modulating the same targets as those drug candidates (the “Programs”). The agreements included a Novated and Restated Technology License Agreement pursuant to which the Company licensed to Symphony Icon, Inc. a then wholly-
owned subsidiary of Symphony Icon Holdings LLC (“Holdings”), the Company's intellectual property rights related to the Programs. Holdings contributed $45 million to Symphony Icon in order to fund the clinical development of the Programs.
Under a Share Purchase Agreement, dated June 15, 2007, between the Company and Holdings, the Company issued and sold to Holdings 7,650,622 shares of its common stock on June 15, 2007 in exchange for $15 million and the Purchase Option (as defined below).
Under a Purchase Option Agreement, dated June 15, 2007, among the Company, Symphony Icon and Holdings, the Company received from Holdings an exclusive purchase option (the “Purchase Option”) that gave the Company the right to acquire all of the equity of Symphony Icon, thereby allowing the Company to reacquire all of the Programs. Lexicon originally calculated the value of the Purchase Option as the difference between the fair value of the common stock issued to Holdings of $23.6 million (calculated at the time of issuance) and the $15.0 million in cash received from Holdings for the issuance of the common stock. Lexicon recorded the value of the Purchase Option as an asset, and was amortizing this asset over the four-year option period. Upon the adoption of a new accounting pronouncement regarding variable interest entities (formerly SFAS No. 167) on January 1, 2010, $2.3 million of structuring and legal fees originally allocated to noncontrolling interest was allocated to the value of the Purchase Option. This resulted in a cumulative-effect adjustment to retained earnings of $1.5 million, representing the additional amortization expense that would have been recorded through December 31, 2009. The unamortized balance of $3.1 million was recorded in prepaid expenses and other current assets as of December 31, 2009. Upon the exercise of the Purchase Option on July 30, 2010 as discussed below, the remaining balance was amortized immediately. The amortization expense of $4.0 million and $2.1 million is recorded in other expense, net in the accompanying consolidated statements of operations for the years ended December 31, 2010 and 2009, respectively.
Under an Amended and Restated Research and Development Agreement, dated June 15, 2007, among the Company, Symphony Icon and Holdings (the “R&D Agreement”), Symphony Icon and the Company were developing the Programs in accordance with a specified development plan and related development budget. The R&D Agreement provided that the Company would continue to be primarily responsible for the development of the Programs. The Company's development activities were supervised by Symphony Icon's development committee, which was comprised of an equal number of representatives from the Company and Symphony Icon. The development committee reported to Symphony Icon's board of directors, which was comprised of five members, including one member designated by the Company and two independent directors.
Under a Research Cost Sharing, Payment and Extension Agreement, dated June 15, 2007, among the Company, Symphony Icon and Holdings, upon the recommendation of the development committee, Symphony Icon's board of directors had the right to require the Company to pay Symphony Icon up to $15 million for Symphony Icon's use in the development of the Programs in accordance with the specified development plan and related development budget. Through July 2010, Symphony Icon's board of directors requested the Company to pay Symphony Icon $9.3 million under this agreement, all of which was paid prior to the exercise of the Purchase Option on July 30, 2010.
Prior to January 1, 2010, Lexicon had determined that Symphony Icon was a variable interest entity for which it was the primary beneficiary. This determination was based on Holdings' lack of controlling rights with respect to Symphony Icon's activities and the limitation on the amount of expected residual returns Holdings could expect from Symphony Icon if Lexicon exercised its Purchase Option. Lexicon had determined it was a variable interest holder of Symphony Icon due to its contribution of the intellectual property relating to the Programs and its issuance of shares of its common stock in exchange for the Purchase Option. Lexicon had determined that it was a primary beneficiary as a result of certain factors, including its primary responsibility for the development of the Programs and its contribution of the intellectual property relating to the Programs. As a result, Lexicon included the financial condition and results of operations of Symphony Icon in its consolidated financial statements through December 31, 2009. The noncontrolling interest in Symphony Icon on Lexicon's consolidated balance sheet initially reflected the $45 million proceeds contributed into Symphony Icon less $2.3 million of structuring and legal fees. As the collaboration progressed, this line item was reduced by Symphony Icon's losses, which were $10.5 million for the year ended December 31, 2009. The reductions to the noncontrolling interest in Symphony Icon were reflected in Lexicon's consolidated statements of operations using a similar caption and reduced the amount of Lexicon's reported net loss.
Upon the adoption of a new accounting pronouncement regarding variable interest entities on January 1, 2010, Lexicon determined that it was no longer the primary beneficiary of Symphony Icon. Under the new accounting guidance, neither Lexicon nor Holdings has the power to direct the activities that most significantly impact the economic performance of Symphony Icon; therefore, there was no primary beneficiary. As a result, Lexicon deconsolidated Symphony Icon as of January 1, 2010, and did not include the financial condition and results of operations of Symphony Icon in its consolidated financial statements for the period from January 1, 2010 through the exercise of the Purchase Option on July 30, 2010. Through the exercise of the Purchase Option on July 30, 2010, Lexicon did not charge any license fees and did not record any revenue from Symphony Icon.
On July 30, 2010, Lexicon entered into an Amended and Restated Purchase Option Agreement with Symphony Icon and Holdings and simultaneously exercised the Purchase Option, thereby reacquiring the Programs. Pursuant to the amended terms of the Purchase Option, Lexicon paid Holdings $10 million and agreed to make up to $80 million in additional base and contingent payments.
The base payments will be in an amount equal to $50 million, less 50% of the expenses Lexicon incurs after its exercise of the Purchase Option for the development of LX1031, LX1032, LX1033 and other pharmaceutical compositions modulating the same target as those drug candidates (the “LG103 Programs”), subject to certain exceptions and up to an aggregate reduction of $15 million. The base payments are payable in Lexicon's discretion at any time before July 30, 2013.
The contingent payments will consist of 50% of any consideration Lexicon receives pursuant to any licensing transaction under which Lexicon grants a third party rights to commercialize a drug candidate from the LG103 Programs (a “Licensing Transaction”), subject to certain exceptions and up to a maximum of $30 million plus the amount of any reduction in the base payments for Lexicon's development expenses for the LG103 Programs (the “Recapture Eligible Amount”). The contingent payments will be due if and when Lexicon receives such consideration from a Licensing Transaction. In the event Lexicon receives regulatory approval in the United States for the marketing and sale of any product resulting from the LG103 Programs prior to entering into a Licensing Transaction for the commercialization of such product in the United States, in lieu of any contingent payment from such a Licensing Transaction, Lexicon will pay Holdings the sum of $15 million and any Recapture Eligible Amount attributable to the development of such product, reduced by up to 50% of such sum for the amount of any contingent payments paid prior to such United States regulatory approval attributable to any such Licensing Transaction outside of the United States with respect to such product. In the event Lexicon makes any such payment upon United States regulatory approval, Lexicon will have no obligation to make subsequent contingent payments attributable to any such Licensing Transactions for the commercialization of such product outside the United States until the proceeds of such Licensing Transactions exceed 50% of the payment made as a result of such United States regulatory approval.
The base payments and the contingent payments may be paid in cash, common stock, or a combination of cash and common stock, in Lexicon's discretion, provided that at least 50% of any payment made on or prior to July 30, 2012 will be paid in common stock and no more than 50% of any payment made after such date will be paid in common stock.
Lexicon accounted for the exercise of the Purchase Option and acquisition of Symphony Icon as a business combination. In connection with its acquisition of Symphony Icon, Lexicon paid $10.0 million in cash, and has also agreed to pay Holdings additional base and contingent payments as discussed above. The fair value of the base and contingent consideration payments was $45.6 million and was estimated by applying a probability-based income approach utilizing an appropriate discount rate. This estimation was based on significant inputs that are not observable in the market, referred to as Level 3 inputs. Key assumptions include: (1) a discount rate of 14% for the base payments; (2) a discount rate of 18% for the contingent payments; and (3) a probability adjusted contingency. The discount rate assumptions have not changed through December 31, 2011, and as programs progress, the probability adjusted contingency is adjusted as necessary. Subsequent changes in the fair value of the Symphony Icon purchase consideration liability are recorded as increase or decrease in fair value of Symphony Icon purchase liability expense in the accompanying consolidated statements of operations. During the years ended December 31, 2011 and 2010, the fair value of the Symphony Icon purchase consideration liability increased by $6.8 million and $2.7 million, respectively.
The following table presents the allocation of the purchase consideration, including the upfront, base and contingent payments, based on fair value (in thousands):
Cash and cash equivalents
$
4,439

Prepaid expenses
545

Intangible assets - in-process research and development
53,557

Total identifiable assets
58,541

Accounts payable and accrued liabilities
(2,984
)
Deferred tax liability
(18,745
)
Total liabilities assumed
(21,729
)
Net identifiable assets acquired
36,812

Goodwill
18,745

Net assets acquired
$
55,557


The deferred tax liability relates to the tax impact of future amortization or possible impairments associated with the identified intangible assets, which are not deductible for tax purposes. Intangible assets related to in-process research and development (“IPR&D") assets are considered to be indefinite-lived until the completion or abandonment of the associated research and development efforts. During the period the assets are considered indefinite-lived, they will not be amortized but will be tested for impairment on an annual basis and between annual tests if Lexicon becomes aware of any events occurring or changes in circumstances that would indicate a reduction in the fair value of the IPR&D assets below their respective carrying amounts. If and when development is complete, which generally occurs if and when regulatory approval to market a product is obtained, the associated assets would be deemed finite-lived and would then be amortized based on their respective estimated useful lives at that point in time. In estimating fair value of the IPR&D assets, Lexicon compensated for the differing phases of development of each asset by probability-adjusting its estimation of the expected future cash flows associated with each asset. Lexicon then determined the present value of the expected future cash flows. The projected cash flows from the IPR&D assets were based on key assumptions such as estimates of revenues and operating profits related to the feasibility and timing of achievement of development, regulatory and commercial milestones, expected costs to develop the IPR&D assets into commercially viable products and future expected cash flows from product sales.
The following represents the pro forma consolidated statements of operations as if Symphony Icon had been included in the consolidated results of Lexicon for the entire years ending December 31, 2010 and 2009 (in thousands):
 
Year Ended December 31,
 
2010
 
2009
 
 
 
 
Revenues
$
4,908

 
$
10,700

Net loss attributable to Lexicon Pharmaceuticals, Inc.
(97,818
)
 
(91,176
)
These amounts have been calculated by removing the amortization of the Purchase Option for the years ended December 31, 2010 and 2009 and removing any amounts allocated to noncontrolling interest for the year ended December 31, 2009. There are no revenue or earnings of Symphony Icon included in Lexicon's consolidated income statement for the period from the acquisition date of July 30, 2010 through December 31, 2010.