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Derivative Financial Instruments
3 Months Ended
Mar. 31, 2019
Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities Disclosure [Abstract]  
Derivative Financial Instruments
9.
DERIVATIVE FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS
The sole objective of our use of derivative financial instruments is to minimize the risks and/or costs associated with our investments and/or financing transactions. These derivatives may or may not qualify as net investment, cash flow, or fair value hedges under the hedge accounting requirements of ASC 815 — “Derivatives and Hedging.” Derivatives not designated as hedges are not speculative and are used to manage our exposure to interest rate movements and other identified risks. Refer to Note 2 for additional discussion of the accounting for designated and non-designated hedges.
 
The use of derivative financial instruments involves certain risks, including the risk that the counterparties to these contractual arrangements do not perform as agreed. To mitigate this risk, we only enter into derivative financial instruments with counterparties that have appropriate credit ratings and are major financial institutions with which we and our affiliates may also have other financial relationships.
Net Investment Hedges of Foreign Currency Risk
Certain of our international investments expose us to fluctuations in foreign interest rates and currency exchange rates. These fluctuations may impact the value of our cash receipts and payments in terms of our functional currency, the U.S. dollar. We use foreign currency forward contracts to protect the value or fix the amount of certain investments or cash flows in terms of the U.S. dollar.
The following table details our outstanding foreign exchange derivatives that were designated as net investment hedges of foreign currency risk (notional amount in thousands):
 
March 31, 2019
 
 
December 31, 2018
 
Foreign Currency
 
Number of
 
 
Notional
 
 
Foreign Currency
 
 
Number of
 
 
Notional
 
Derivatives
 
Instruments
 
 
Amount
 
 
Derivatives
 
 
Instruments
 
 
Amount
 
Sell GBP Forward
 
 
3
 
 
£
262,000
 
 
Sell GBP Forward
 
 
 
3
 
 
£
192,300
 
Sell AUD Forward
 
 
4
 
 
A$
210,700
 
 
Sell AUD Forward
 
 
 
2
 
 
A$
187,600
 
Sell EUR Forward
 
 
1
 
 
179,600
 
 
Sell EUR Forward
 
 
 
1
 
 
185,000
 
Sell CAD Forward
 
 
2
 
 
C$
78,700
 
 
Sell CAD Forward
 
 
 
1
 
 
C$
70,600
 
Cash Flow Hedges of Interest Rate Risk
Certain of our transactions expose us to interest rate risks, which include a fixed versus floating rate mismatch between our assets and liabilities. We use derivative financial instruments, which include interest rate caps and swaps, and may also include interest rate options, floors, and other interest rate derivative contracts, to hedge interest rate risk.
The following tables detail our outstanding interest rate derivatives that were designated as cash flow hedges of interest rate risk (notional amount in thousands):
 
March 31, 2019
 
 
 
Number of
 
 
Notional
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Wtd.-Avg.
 
Interest Rate Derivatives
 
Instruments
 
 
Amount
 
 
Strike
 
 
Index
 
 
Maturity (Years)
 
Interest Rate Swaps
 
 
2
 
 
C$
 
17,273
 
 
 
1.0
%
 
CDOR
 
 
 
1.4
 
Interest Rate Caps
 
 
8
 
 
$
 
178,430
 
 
 
2.5
%
 
USD LIBOR
 
 
 
0.3
 
Interest Rate Caps
 
 
1
 
 
C$
 
21,709
 
 
 
3.0
%
 
CDOR
 
 
 
0.7
 
 
December 31, 2018
 
 
 
Number of
 
 
Notional
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Wtd.-Avg.
 
Interest Rate Derivatives
 
Instruments
 
 
Amount
 
 
Strike
 
 
Index
 
 
Maturity (Years)
 
Interest Rate Swaps
 
 
3
 
 
 C$
 
90,472
 
 
 
1.0
%
 
CDOR
 
 
 
0.5
 
Interest Rate Caps
 
 
9
 
 
 $
 
204,248
 
 
 
2.4
%
 
USD LIBOR
 
 
 
0.5
 
Interest Rate Caps
 
 
2
 
 
 
C$
 
39,998
 
 
 
2.5
%
 
CDOR
 
 
 
0.6
 
Amounts reported in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) related to derivatives will be reclassified to interest expense as interest payments are made on our floating rate debt. During the twelve months following March 31, 2019, we estimate that an additional $63,000 will be reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) as an increase to interest income.
Non-designated Hedges
During the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018, we recorded gains of $660,000 and $215,000, respectively, related to non-designated hedges that were reported as a component of interest expense in our consolidated financial statements.
The following tables summarize our non-designated hedges (notional amount in thousands):
 
March 31, 2019
 
 
 
Number of
 
 
Notional
 
Non-designated Hedges
 
Instruments
 
 
Amount
 
Buy GBP / Sell EUR Forward
 
 
1
 
 
12,857
 
Buy CAD / Sell USD Forward
 
 
1
 
 
C$
4,200
 
Buy USD / Sell CAD Forward
 
 
1
 
 
C$
4,200
 
 
December 31, 2018
 
 
 
Number of
 
 
Notional
 
Non-designated Hedges
 
Instruments
 
 
Amount
 
Buy AUD / Sell USD Forward
 
 
1
 
 
A$
55,000
 
Buy USD / Sell AUD Forward
 
 
1
 
 
A$
55,000
 
Buy GBP / Sell USD Forward
 
 
1
 
 
£
23,200
 
Buy USD / Sell GBP Forward
 
 
1
 
 
£
23,200
 
Buy GBP / Sell EUR Forward
 
 
1
 
 
12,857
 
 
 
Valuation of Derivative Instruments
The following table summarizes the fair value of our derivative financial instruments ($ in thousands):
 
 
 
Fair Value of Derivatives in an
 
 
Fair Value of Derivatives in a
 
 
 
Asset Position (1) 
as of
 
 
Liability Position (2) 
as of
 
 
 
March 31,
2019
 
 
December 31,
2018
 
 
March 31,
2019
 
 
December 31,
 2018
 
Derivatives designated as hedging instruments:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Foreign exchange contracts
 
$
4,862
 
 
$
8,210
 
 
$
1,720
 
 
$
1,307
 
Interest rate derivatives
 
 
228
 
 
 
590
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Total
 
$
5,090
 
 
$
8,800
 
 
$
1,720
 
 
$
1,307
 
Derivatives not designated as hedging instruments:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Foreign exchange contracts
 
$
294
 
 
$
1,116
 
 
$
6
 
 
$
1,618
 
Interest rate derivatives
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Total
 
$
294
 
 
$
1,116
 
 
$
6
 
 
$
1,618
 
Total Derivatives
 
$
5,384
 
 
$
9,916
 
 
$
1,726
 
 
$
2,925
 
 
 
 
(1)
Included in other assets in our consolidated balance sheets.
(2)
Included in other liabilities in our consolidated balance sheets. 
The following table presents the effect of our derivative financial instruments on our consolidated statements of operations ($ in thousands):
 
 
 
Amount of (Loss)

Gain Recognized in

OCI on Derivatives
 
 
Location of  Gain
 
 
Amount of

Gain Reclassified
from Accumulated

OCI into Income
 
 
 
Three Months
Ended March 31,
 
 
Reclassified from

Accumulated
 
 
Three Months Ended
March 31,
 
Derivatives in Hedging Relationships
 
2019
 
 
2018
 
 
OCI into Income
 
 
2019
 
 
2018
 
Net Investment Hedges
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Foreign exchange contracts (1)
 
$
(1,646
)
 
$
(2,953
)
 
 
Interest Expense
 
 
$
 
 
$
 
Cash Flow Hedges
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Interest rate derivatives
 
 
(134
)
 
 
127
 
 
 
Interest Expense (2)
 
 
 
168
 
 
 
109
 
Total
 
$
(1,780
)
 
$
(2,826
)
 
 
 
 
 
$
168
 
 
$
109
 
 
 
(1)
During the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018, we paid net cash settlements of $2.0 million and $7.4 million, respectively, on our foreign currency forward contracts. Those amounts are included as a component of accumulated other comprehensive loss on our consolidated balance sheets.
(2)
During the three months ended March 31, 2019, we recorded total interest and related expenses of $118.7 million, which included a $168,000 expense reduction related to income generated by our cash flow hedges. During the three months ended March 31, 2018, we recorded total interest and related expenses of $70.0 million which included a $109,000 expense reduction related to our cash flow hedges. 
Credit-Risk Related Contingent Features
We have entered into agreements with certain of our derivative counterparties that contain provisions where if we were to default on any of our indebtedness, including default where repayment of the indebtedness has not been accelerated by the lender, we may also be declared in default on our derivative obligations. In addition, certain of our agreements with our derivative counterparties require that we post collateral to secure net liability positions. As of March 31, 2019, we were in a net asset position with each such derivative counterparty, and posted collateral of $5.1 million under these derivative contracts. As of December 31, 2018, we were in a net asset position with each such derivative counterparty and did not have any collateral posted under these derivative contracts.