awx20170930_10q.htm

10-Q 1 awx20170930_10q.htm FORM 10-Q awx20170930_10q.htm

2017

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

__________________________________

FORM 10-Q

[X] Quarterly Report Pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934

For the quarterly period ended September 30, 2017

[ ] Transition Report Pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934

for the transition period from _______________ to ________________

Commission file number 1-14105

__________________________________

AVALON HOLDINGS CORPORATION

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)


Ohio		34-1863889
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)		(I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)

One American Way, Warren, Ohio		44484-5555
(Address of principal executive offices)		(Zip Code)

Registrant’s telephone number, including area code: (330) 856-8800

Indicate by a check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes X No __

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its Web site, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T ( 232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files). Yes ☑ No ☐

Indicate by a check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, or a smaller reporting company. See definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer” and “smaller reporting company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. (Check one):

Large accelerated filer ☐ Accelerated filer ☐ Non-accelerated filer ☐ Smaller reporting company ☑ Emerging Growth Company ☐

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐

Indicate by a check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Act). Yes ☐ No ☑

The registrant had 3,191,100 shares of its Class A Common Stock and 612,231 shares of its Class B Common Stock outstanding as of November 3, 2017.

AVALON HOLDINGS CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES

INDEX

	Page
PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION

Item 1. Financial Statements

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations for the Three and Nine Months Ended September 30, 2017 and 2016 (Unaudited)	1

Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets at September 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016 (Unaudited)	2

Condensed Consolidated Statement of Shareholders’ Equity for the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2017 (Unaudited)	3

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2017 and 2016 (Unaudited)	4

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)	5

Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations	16

Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk	30

Item 4. Controls and Procedures	30


PART II. OTHER INFORMATION

Item 1. Legal Proceedings	31

Item 2. Changes in Securities and Use of Proceeds	31

Item 3. Defaults upon Senior Securities	31

Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures	31

Item 5. Other Information	31

Item 6. Exhibits and Reports on Form 8-K	31

SIGNATURE	32

PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION

Item 1. Financial Statements

AVALON HOLDINGS CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations (Unaudited)

(in thousands, except per share amounts)

	Three Months Ended						Nine Months Ended
	September 30,						September 30,
	2017			2016			2017			2016

Net operating revenues:
Waste management services	$	10,831		$	13,593		$	27,934		$	32,625

Food, beverage and merchandise sales		2,326			2,354			5,702			5,605
Other golf and related operations		3,207			3,186			8,007			7,544
Total golf and related operations		5,533			5,540			13,709			13,149

Total net operating revenues		16,364			19,133			41,643			45,774

Costs and expenses:
Waste management services operating costs		8,792			11,295			22,219			26,901
Cost of food, beverage and merchandise		970			997			2,484			2,456
Golf and related operations operating costs		3,090			3,204			8,646			8,250
Depreciation and amortization expense		747			714			2,256			2,093
Selling, general and administrative expenses		2,240			2,108			6,305			5,865
Operating income (loss)		525			815			(267	)		209

Other income (expense):
Interest expense		(176	)		(94	)		(528	)		(273	)
Other income, net		50			57			236			218
Income (loss) before income taxes		399			778			(559	)		154

Provision for income taxes		29			43			81			79
Net income (loss)		370			735			(640	)		75

Less net loss attributable to non-controlling interest in subsidiary		(177	)		(71	)		(382	)		(244	)
Net income (loss) attributable to Avalon Holdings Corporation common shareholders	$	547		$	806		$	(258	)	$	319

Income (loss) per share attributable to Avalon Holdings Corporation common shareholders:
Basic net income (loss) per share	$	0.14		$	0.21		$	(0.07	)	$	0.08
Diluted net income (loss) per share	$	0.14		$	0.21		$	(0.07	)	$	0.08

Weighted average shares outstanding - basic		3,803			3,803			3,803			3,803
Weighted average shares outstanding - diluted		3,817			3,893			3,803			3,836

See accompanying notes to unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.

AVALON HOLDINGS CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES

Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets (Unaudited)

(in thousands, except per share amounts)

	September 30,			December 31,
	2017			2016
Assets
Current Assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$	1,615		$	2,299
Accounts receivable, less allowance for doubtful accounts of $238 in 2017 and $235 in 2016		10,839			11,349
Inventories		925			773
Prepaid expenses		576			462
Other current assets		39			35
Total current assets		13,994			14,918

Property and equipment, net		43,575			43,971
Leased property under capital leases, net		6,370			6,035
Restricted cash		2,826			2,905
Noncurrent deferred tax asset		8			8
Other assets, net		65			61
Total assets	$	66,838		$	67,898

Liabilities and Equity
Current liabilities:
Current portion of obligations under capital leases	$	186		$	112
Current portion of long-term debt		539			517
Accounts payable		8,215			9,387
Accrued payroll and other compensation		984			684
Accrued income taxes		7			48
Other accrued taxes		296			448
Deferred revenues		3,262			2,716
Other liabilities and accrued expenses		801			764
Total current liabilities		14,290			14,676

Long-term debt, net of current portion		10,887			11,294
Obligations under capital leases, net of current portion		815			452
Asset retirement obligation		100			100

Equity:
Avalon Holdings Corporation Shareholders' Equity:
Class A Common Stock, $.01 par value		32			32
Class B Common Stock, $.01 par value		6			6
Paid-in capital		58,963			58,953
Accumulated deficit		(20,508	)		(20,250	)
Total Avalon Holdings Corporation Shareholders' Equity		38,493			38,741
Non-controlling interest in subsidiary		2,253			2,635
Total equity		40,746			41,376
Total liabilities and equity	$	66,838		$	67,898

See accompanying notes to unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.

AVALON HOLDINGS CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES

Condensed Consolidated Statement of Shareholders’ Equity (Unaudited)

(in thousands)

	For the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2017

														Total Avalon			Non-controlling
	Shares				Common Stock				Paid-in		Accumulated			Shareholders'			Interest in
	Class A		Class B		Class A		Class B		Capital		Deficit			Equity			Subsidiary			Total

Balance at January 1, 2017		3,191		612	$	32	$	6	$	58,953	$	(20,250	)	$	38,741		$	2,635		$	41,376

Stock options - compensation costs		-		-		-		-		10		-			10			-			10

Net loss		-		-		-		-		-		(258	)		(258	)		(382	)		(640	)

Balance at September 30, 2017		3,191		612	$	32	$	6	$	58,963	$	(20,508	)	$	38,493		$	2,253		$	40,746

See accompanying notes to unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.

AVALON HOLDINGS CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows (Unaudited)

(in thousands)

	Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2017			2016

Operating activities:
Net income (loss)	$	(640	)	$	75
Reconciliation of net income (loss) to cash provided by operating activities:
Depreciation and amortization expense		2,256			2,093
Amortization of debt issuance costs		16			10
Compensation costs - stock options		10			22
Deferred rental income		(50	)		(66	)
Provision for losses on accounts receivable		17			30
Change in operating assets and liabilities:
Accounts receivable		493			(4,188	)
Inventories		(152	)		(33	)
Prepaid expenses		(114	)		(91	)
Refundable income taxes		-			33
Other assets		(4	)		6
Accounts payable		(1,237	)		2,091
Accrued payroll and other compensation		300			127
Accrued income taxes		(41	)		21
Other accrued taxes		(152	)		(4	)
Deferred revenues		546			872
Other liabilities and accrued expenses		87			228
Net cash provided by operating activities		1,335			1,226

Investing activities:
Capital expenditures		(1,464	)		(2,408	)
Cash released from restriction		79			-
Net cash used in investing activities		(1,385	)		(2,408	)

Financing activities:
Borrowings under line of credit facilities		-			1,025
Payments of debt issuance costs		(42	)		(5	)
Principal payments on term loan facility		(399	)		-
Principal payments on capital lease obligations		(193	)		(48	)
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities		(634	)		972

Decrease in cash and cash equivalents		(684	)		(210	)
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period		2,299			1,814
Cash and cash equivalents at end of period	$	1,615		$	1,604

Supplemental disclosure of cash flow information:

Significant non-cash operating and investing activities:
Capital expenditures included in accounts payable	$	97		$	95
Significant non-cash investing and financing activities:
Capital lease obligations incurred	$	630		$	68

Cash paid during the period for interest	$	512		$	263
Cash paid during the period for income taxes	$	122		$	25

See accompanying notes to unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.

AVALON HOLDINGS CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

September 30, 2017

Note 1. Description of Business

Avalon Holdings Corporation (“Avalon” or the “Company”) was formed on April 30, 1998 as a subsidiary of American Waste Services, Inc. (“AWS”). On June 17, 1998, AWS distributed, as a special dividend, all of the outstanding shares of capital stock of Avalon to the holders of AWS common stock on a pro rata and corresponding basis.

Avalon provides waste management services to industrial, commercial, municipal and governmental customers in selected northeastern and midwestern U.S. markets, captive landfill management services and salt water injection well operations. In addition, Avalon owns Avalon Clubs and Resorts, Inc. (“ACRI”), which includes the operation and management of three golf courses and associated clubhouses, fitness centers, tennis courts, spa services, dining and banquet facilities and a travel agency. ACRI also owns and operates a hotel and related amenities including dining, banquet and conference facilities, fitness center, indoor junior Olympic size swimming pool and tennis courts.

Note 2. Basis of Presentation

The unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements of Avalon and related notes included herein have been prepared in accordance with the rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission. Accordingly, certain information and footnote disclosures normally included in financial statements prepared in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles have been omitted consistent with such rules and regulations. The accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements and related notes should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements and related notes included in Avalon’s 2016 Annual Report to Shareholders.

The unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements include the accounts of Avalon, its wholly owned subsidiaries and those companies in which Avalon has managerial control. All significant intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation.

In the opinion of management, these unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements include all adjustments, consisting of normal recurring adjustments, necessary for a fair presentation of the financial position of Avalon as of September 30, 2017, and the results of its operations and cash flows for the interim periods presented.

The operating results for the interim periods are not necessarily indicative of the results to be expected for the full year.

Presentation Revision

During the quarter ended September 30, 2017, to comply with SEC Regulation S-X, Rule 5-03, the Company revised its presentation of net operating revenues and associated operating costs separately for all significant revenue types, consisting of our waste management services as well as food, beverage and merchandise sales and other golf operations, each within our golf and related operations segment in our unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations. The Company determined that this revision is not material to any prior period and has reflected this revision in the unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016. This presentation did not affect total revenue, total costs and expenses, operating income (loss), net income (loss) or net income (loss) attributable to Avalon Holdings Corporation common shareholders.

Note 3. Recent Accounting Pronouncements

In May 2014, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (“ASU 2014-09”). ASU 2014-09 clarifies the principles used to recognize revenue for all entities. ASU 2014-09 provides a unified five-step model to determine when and how revenue is recognized. The core principle is that a company should recognize revenue to depict the transfer of promised goods or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration for which the entity expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods or services. The new standard replaces most of the existing revenue recognition standards in U.S. GAAP. In addition, in March 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-08, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606): Principal versus Agent Considerations (Reporting Revenue Gross versus Net), which clarifies how to apply revenue recognition guidance related to whether an entity is a principal or an agent.

The Company has reviewed the terms and conditions contained its contracts with customers relating to our brokerage and management services and captive landfill management activities for our waste management services segment. The Company is considering the terms and conditions of the contracts and the all-inclusive pricing for the service contained in those contracts in order to determine whether the waste management services provided to the customer meets the criteria to be accounted for under the series guidance. The Company also assessed whether the principal versus agent consideration would change how the Company presents revenue for these contracts. Under the contracts, the Company is primarily responsible for fulfilling the service and controls the service prior to transferring it to the customer. Based on our assessment, the Company is acting as the principal and primary obligor under the contracts, and should recognize revenue in the gross amount of consideration which it expects to be entitled in exchange for the service provided.

The Company also reviewed ASU 2014-09 for our golf and related operations segment relating to our annual membership contracts. Based on review of the contracts, we expect to recognize membership dues over the membership term. As a practical expedient, the Company applied this guidance to the whole portfolio of annual membership contracts as all contracts have similar characteristics. The Company reasonably expects that the effect on the financial statements of applying this guidance to the portfolio of all membership contracts does not differ from applying this guidance to each individual contract.

The Company will adopt the new revenue standard in its first quarter of 2018. The Company expects to finalize our analysis in the fourth quarter. The Company plans to use the modified retrospective approach adoption method and, based on our analysis to date, does not believe there will be a material impact to the Company’s consolidated revenues upon adoption. However, the Company will present expanded disclosure in accordance with the requirements of the standard. The Company is currently evaluating those additional disclosures required as a result of the adoption of this guidance.

In November 2015, the FASB issued ASU 2015-17, Balance Sheet Classification of Deferred Taxes (“ASU 2015-17”), which simplifies the presentation of deferred income taxes by eliminating the need for entities to separate deferred income tax liabilities and assets into current and noncurrent amounts in a classified statement of financial position. This amendment is effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2016. During the first quarter of 2017, the Company adopted ASU 2015-17. The adoption of this standard did not have an impact on Avalon’s financial position, results of operations or financial statement disclosures.

In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-02, Leases. The new standard establishes a right-of-use (“ROU”) model that requires a lessee to record a ROU asset and a lease liability on the balance sheet for all leases with terms longer than 12 months. Leases will be classified as either finance or operating, with classification affecting the pattern of expense recognition in the income statement. The new standard is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018, including interim periods within those fiscal years. A modified retrospective transition approach is required for lessees for capital and operating leases existing at, or entered into after, the beginning of the earliest comparative period presented in the financial statements, with certain practical expedients available. Avalon is currently reviewing its agreements for its golf carts, machinery and equipment for the landfill operations, furniture and fixtures for The Avalon Inn and office copiers under operating leases and evaluating the impact the adoption of this guidance will have on its financial position, results of operations, cash flows and related disclosures. Upon adoption, the Company expects that the ROU asset and the lease liability will be recognized in the balance sheets in amounts that will be material.

In March 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-09, Improvements to Employee Share-Based Payment Accounting (“ASU 2016-09”), which simplifies several aspects of the accounting for employee share-based payment transactions including the accounting for income taxes, forfeitures, and statutory tax withholding requirements, as well as classification of related amounts within the statement of cash flows. During the first quarter of 2017, the Company adopted ASU 2016-09. The adoption of this standard did not have a material impact on Avalon’s financial position, results of operations or financial statement disclosures.

In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-13, Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments (“ASU 2016-13”), which significantly changes the way entities recognize impairment of many financial assets by requiring immediate recognition of estimated credit losses expected to occur over their remaining life. ASU 2016-13 is effective January 1, 2020, with early adoption permitted January 1, 2019. The adoption of this standard is not expected to have a material impact on Avalon’s financial position, results of operations or financial statement disclosures.

In August 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-15, Classification of Certain Cash Receipts and Cash Payments (“ASU 2016-15”), which is intended to reduce diversity in practice in how certain cash receipts and payments are presented and classified in the statement of cash flows. The standard provides guidance in a number of situations including, among others, settlement of zero-coupon bonds, contingent consideration payments made after a business combination, proceeds from the settlement of insurance claims, and distributions received from equity method investees. ASU 2016-15 also provides guidance for classifying cash receipts and payments that have aspects of more than one class of cash flows. ASU 2016-15 is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2017, with early adoption permitted. The standard requires application using a retrospective transition method. The adoption of this standard is not expected to have a material impact on Avalon’s financial position, results of operations or financial statement disclosures.

In November 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-18, Statement of Cash Flows: Restricted Cash (“ASU 2016-18”), which requires entities to include restricted cash and restricted cash equivalent balances with cash and cash equivalent balances in the statement of cash flows. ASU 2016-18 will be effective January 1, 2018 and will impact the presentation of our statement of cash flows for the remaining loan proceeds deposited into our project fund account that are not utilized in 2017 to fund the renovation and expansion of The Avalon Inn.

Note 4. Property and Equipment

Property and equipment is stated at cost and depreciated using the straight-line method over the estimated useful life of the asset which varies from 10 to 30 years for land improvements; 5 to 50 years in the case of buildings and improvements; and from 3 to 10 years for machinery and equipment, vehicles and office furniture and equipment.

Major additions and improvements are charged to the property and equipment accounts while replacements, maintenance and repairs, which do not improve or extend the life of the respective asset, are expensed as incurred. The cost of assets retired or otherwise disposed of and the related accumulated depreciation is eliminated from the accounts in the year of disposal. Gains or losses resulting from disposals of property and equipment are credited or charged to operations. Interest costs are capitalized on significant construction projects.

Property and equipment at September 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016 consists of the following (in thousands):

	September 30,			December 31,
	2017			2016
Land and land improvements	$	14,179		$	14,118
Buildings and improvements		34,234			33,533
Machinery and equipment		9,126			9,015
Vehicles		445			445
Office furniture and fixtures		6,309			5,963
Construction in progress		720			479
		65,013			63,553
Less accumulated depreciation and amortization		(21,438	)		(19,582	)
Property and equipment, net	$	43,575		$	43,971

At September 30, 2017, the Company did not have any fixed contractual commitments for construction projects.

Note 5. Capital Leased Assets

In November 2003, Avalon entered into a long-term agreement with Squaw Creek Country Club to lease and operate its golf course and related facilities. The lease has an initial term of ten (10) years with four (4) consecutive ten (10) year renewal term options unilaterally exercisable by Avalon. Under the lease, Avalon is obligated to pay $15,000 in annual rent and make leasehold improvements of $150,000 per year. Amounts expended by Avalon for leasehold improvements during a given year in excess of $150,000 will be carried forward and applied to future leasehold improvement obligations. Based upon the amount of leasehold improvements already made, Avalon expects to exercise all its remaining renewal options.

During 2016 and 2017, the golf and related operations entered into leases for a vehicle and golf course maintenance equipment that were determined to be capital leases. The amounts capitalized in the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets under the caption “Leased property under capital leases, net” relating to these assets were approximately $0.8 million at September 30, 2017 and $0.3 million at December 31, 2016.

Leased property under capital leases at September 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016 consists of the following (in thousands):

	September 30,			December 31,
	2017			2016
Leased property under capital leases	$	11,515		$	10,783
Less accumulated amortization		(5,145	)		(4,748	)
Leased property under capital leases, net	$	6,370		$	6,035

Note 6. Basic and Diluted Net Income (Loss) per Share

Basic net income (loss) per share attributable to Avalon Holdings Corporation common shareholders is computed by dividing the net income (loss) by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding, which were 3,803,331 for each period.

Diluted net income (loss) per share attributable to Avalon Holdings Corporation common shareholders is computed by dividing net income (loss) by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding plus any weighted common equivalent shares determined to be outstanding during the period using the treasury method. The weighted common equivalent shares included in the calculation are related to stock options granted by Avalon where the weighted average market price of Avalon’s common stock for the period presented is greater than the option exercise price of the stock option.

For the three months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016, the diluted weighted average number of shares outstanding was 3,816,726 and 3,892,799, respectively.

For the nine months ended September 30, 2017, the diluted per share amount reported is equal to the basic per share amount because Avalon was in a net loss position and as a result, such dilution would be considered anti-dilutive. Assuming dilution, the weighted average number of common shares outstanding for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 was 3,844,639. For the nine months ended September 30, 2016, the diluted weighted average number of common shares outstanding was 3,836,048.

Note 7. Term Loan and Line of Credit Agreements

On December 20, 2016, Avalon and certain direct and indirect wholly owned subsidiaries entered into a loan and security agreement (the “Term Loan Agreement”) with Laurel Capital Corporation which provides for a $12.0 million term loan. At closing, $9.1 million of the proceeds were used to pay off the existing line of credit agreement and associated accrued interest with Home Savings Bank (formerly The Home Savings and Loan Company of Youngstown, Ohio), dated May 21, 2015, as amended, and pay related transaction costs associated with the Term Loan Agreement. The line of credit agreement with Home Savings Bank was terminated in conjunction with the repayment. Remaining proceeds of $2.9 million under the Term Loan Agreement were deposited in a project fund account to fund future costs of renovating and expanding The Avalon Inn. At September 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016, the remaining proceeds of $2.8 million and $2.9 million, respectively, are presented in the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets as “Restricted cash.”

The $12.0 million term loan amount is payable in 119 equal monthly installments of principal and interest, based on a fifteen (15) year maturity schedule which commenced on January 20, 2017. The Term Loan Agreement matures on December 20, 2026 at which time the final balloon payment equal to the remaining outstanding principal, interest and fees are due. Borrowings under the Term Loan Agreement bear interest at a fixed rate of 5.35% until the fifth anniversary date of the closing at which time the interest rate will be reset to a fixed rate equal to the greater of (a) 5.35% per annum or (b) the sum of the Index Rate on the date two (2) business days prior to the reset date and 3.95%, provided that the applicable rate shall in no event exceed 7.50% per annum.

Avalon has the right to prepay the amount outstanding under the Term Loan Agreement, in whole or in part, at any time upon payment of the principal amount of the loan to be prepaid plus accrued unpaid interest thereon to the prepayment date, plus an applicable prepayment penalty. The prepayment penalty, expressed as a percentage of the principal of the loan being prepaid, is five percent (5%) on any prepayment in the first five years; four percent (4%) on any prepayment in the sixth and seventh year; three percent (3%) on any prepayment in the eighth and ninth year; and two percent (2%) on any prepayment in the tenth year.

Borrowings are secured by certain real property and related business assets as defined in the Term Loan Agreement. The Term Loan Agreement also contains certain financial and other covenants, customary representations, warranties and events of default. Avalon was in compliance with the Term Loan Agreement covenants at September 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016.

The Company incurred approximately $189,000 of debt issuance costs in connection with the Term Loan Agreement. These debt issuance costs were capitalized and will be amortized over the life of the Term Loan Agreement. In accordance with ASU 2015-03, Simplifying the Presentation of Debt Issuance Costs, these costs are presented in the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets as a direct reduction from the carrying amount of the term loan liability.

Concurrently with the Term Loan Agreement, Avalon entered into a new business loan agreement with Home Savings Bank (the “Line of Credit Agreement”) which provides for a line of credit of up to $4.0 million with an original maturity date of May 31, 2017. On April 25, 2017, the Line of Credit Agreement was amended to increase the available line of credit from $4.0 million to $5.0 million and extend the maturity date to May 31, 2019. The amendment also has the option to request a one year extension of maturity in 2018 based on certain terms and conditions. Under the Line of Credit Agreement, borrowings in excess of $1.0 million are subject to a borrowing base which is calculated based off a specific level of eligible accounts receivable of the waste management business as defined in the agreement. No amounts were drawn under the Line of Credit Agreement at September 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016.

Outstanding borrowings under the Line of Credit Agreement bear interest at Prime Rate plus .25%. At September 30, 2017, the interest rate on the Line of Credit Agreement was 4.50%.

Borrowings under the Line of Credit Agreement are secured by certain business assets of the Company including accounts receivable, inventory and equipment. The Line of Credit Agreement also contains certain covenants, customary representations, warranties and events of default. Avalon was in compliance with the Line of Credit Agreement covenants at September 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016.

During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017, the weighted average interest rate on outstanding borrowings was 5.35%. During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2016, the weighted average interest rate on outstanding borrowings was 3.75%.

Obligations under the Company’s debt agreements at September 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016 consist of the following (in thousands):

	September 30, 2017
	Gross Amount			Debt Issuance Costs			Net Amount
Term loan agreement	$	11,601		$	(175	)	$	11,426
Less current portion		(558	)		19			(539	)
Long-term debt	$	11,043		$	(156	)	$	10,887

	December 31, 2016
	Gross Amount			Debt Issuance Costs			Net Amount
Term loan agreement	$	12,000		$	(189	)	$	11,811
Less current portion		(536	)		19			(517	)
Long-term debt	$	11,464		$	(170	)	$	11,294

Future maturities of long-term debt are as follows (in thousands):

For the Twelve Month Period Ending September 30,
2018	$	558
2019		589
2020		621
2021		655
2022		691
Thereafter		8,487
Total	$	11,601

Note 8. Income Taxes

During the three month periods ended September 30, 2017 and 2016, net income attributable to Avalon Holdings Corporation shareholders was $0.5 million and $0.8 million, respectively. During the nine month period ended September 30, 2017, net loss attributable to Avalon Holdings Corporation shareholders was $0.3 million compared with net income attributable to Avalon Holdings Corporation shareholders of $0.3 million during the nine month period ended September 30, 2016. Avalon recorded a state income tax provision in both the three and nine month periods ended September 30, 2017 and 2016, which was related entirely to the waste management and brokerage operations. The effective state tax rate related to the waste management and brokerage operations was approximately 7% in both the three and nine month periods ended September 30, 2017 and 2016. Due to the recording of a full valuation allowance against the Company’s federal net deferred tax assets, the overall effective tax rate in both periods reflects taxes owed in certain U.S state jurisdictions. Avalon’s income tax on the income (loss) before taxes was offset by a change in the valuation allowance. A valuation allowance is provided when it is more likely than not that deferred tax assets relating to certain federal and state loss carryforwards will not be realized. Avalon continues to maintain a valuation allowance against the majority of its deferred tax amounts until it is evident that the deferred tax asset will be utilized in the future.

Note 9. Long-Term Incentive Plan

The purpose of the Avalon Holdings Corporation 2009 Long-term Incentive Plan (the “Plan”) is (a) to improve individual employee performance by providing long-term incentives and rewards to employees of Avalon, (b) to assist Avalon in attracting, retaining and motivating employees and non-employee directors with experience and ability, and (c) to associate the interests of such employees and directors with those of the Avalon shareholders. Under the Plan, 1,300,000 shares have been reserved for the issuance of stock options of which 760,000 options were outstanding at September 30, 2017. The stock options, vest ratably over a five year period and have a contractual term of ten years from the date of grant. At the end of each contractual vesting period, the share price of the Avalon common stock, traded on a public stock exchange (NYSE Amex), must reach a predetermined price within three years following such contractual vesting period before the stock options are exercisable (See table below). If the Avalon common stock price does not reach the predetermined price, the stock options will either be cancelled or the period will be extended at the discretion of the Board of Directors.

The grant-date fair values of these stock option awards were estimated using the Monte Carlo Simulation. The Monte Carlo Simulation was selected to determine the fair value because it incorporates six minimum considerations; 1) the exercise price of the option, 2) the expected term of the option, taking into account both the contractual term of the option, the effects of employees’ expected exercise and post-vesting employment termination behavior, as well as the possibility of change in control events during the contractual term of the option agreements, 3) the current fair value of the underlying equity, 4) the expected volatility of the value of the underlying share for the expected term of the option, 5) the expected dividends on the underlying share for the expected term of the option and 6) the risk-free interest rate(s) for the expected term of the option.

The grant date fair value of the underlying equity was determined to be equal to Avalon’s publicly traded stock price as of the grant dates times the sum of the Class A and Class B common shares outstanding.

The expected term, or time until the option is exercised, is typically based on historical exercising behavior of previous option holders of a company’s stock. Due to the fact that the Company has had no historical exercising activity, the simplified method is applied. Because of the nature of the vesting described above, the options are separated into five blocks, with each block having its own vesting period and expected term.

The expected volatility was based on the observed historical volatility of Avalon common stock for a period prior to the grant date. There were no expected dividends and the risk-free interest rate was based on yield data for U. S. Treasury securities over a period consistent with the expected term.

The following table is a summary of the stock option activity:

			Weighted		Weighted
	Number of		Average		Average
	Options		Exercise		Fair Value at
	Granted		Price		Grant Date
Outstanding at January 1, 2017		760,000		2.51		1.00
Options granted		-		-		-
Options exercised		-		-		-
Options cancelled or forfeited		-		-		-
Outstanding at September 30, 2017		760,000	$	2.51	$	1.00
Options Vested		688,000
Exercisable at September 30, 2017		268,000

The stock options vest and become exercisable based upon achieving two critical metrics as follows:

Contract Vesting Term: The stock options vest ratably over a five year period.

The Avalon common stock price traded on a public stock exchange (NYSE Amex) must reach the predetermined vesting price within three years after the options become vested under the contractual vesting term.

The table below represents the period and predetermined stock price needed for vesting.

	Begins	Ends	Predetermined
	Vesting	Vesting	Vesting Price
Block 1	12 months after Grant Dates	48 months after Grant Dates	$	3.43
Block 2	24 months after Grant Dates	60 months after Grant Dates	$	4.69
Block 3	36 months after Grant Dates	72 months after Grant Dates	$	6.43
Block 4	48 months after Grant Dates	84 months after Grant Dates	$	8.81
Block 5	60 months after Grant Dates	96 months after Grant Dates	$	12.07

Compensation costs were approximately $3,000 and $6,000 for the three months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016, respectively, and $10,000 and $22,000 for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016, respectively, based upon the estimated grant date fair value calculations. As of September 30, 2017, there was approximately $32,000 of total unrecognized compensation costs related to non-vested share-based compensation arrangements granted under the Plan. That cost is expected to be recognized over a weighted-average period of 7.08 years.

Note 10. Legal Matters

In the ordinary course of conducting its business, Avalon becomes involved in lawsuits, administrative proceedings and governmental investigations, including those related to environmental matters. Some of these proceedings may result in fines, penalties or judgments being assessed against Avalon which, from time to time, may have an impact on its business and financial condition. Although the outcome of such lawsuits or other proceedings cannot be predicted with certainty, Avalon does not believe that any uninsured ultimate liabilities, fines or penalties resulting from such pending proceedings, individually or in the aggregate, will have a material adverse effect on its liquidity, financial position or results of operations (See Note 13).

Note 11. Business Segment Information

In determining the segment information, Avalon considered its operating and management structure and the types of information subject to regular review by its “chief operating decision maker.” Using the criteria of FASB Accounting Standard Codification (“ASC”) 280 Segment Reporting, Avalon’s reportable segments include waste management services and golf and related operations. Avalon accounts for intersegment net operating revenues as if the transactions were to third parties. The segment disclosures are presented on this basis for all periods presented.

Avalon’s primary business segment, the waste management services segment, provides hazardous and nonhazardous brokerage and management services to industrial, commercial, municipal and governmental customers, captive landfill management for an industrial customer and salt water injection well operations.

Avalon’s golf and related operations segment consists of three golf courses and associated clubhouses which provide dining and banquet facilities, a hotel which provides lodging, dining, banquet and conference facilities and a travel agency. Revenue for the golf and related operations segment consists primarily of membership dues, greens fees, cart rentals, room rentals, merchandise sales, tennis and fitness activities, spa services and food and beverage sales. Revenue related to annual membership dues are recognized proportionately over the membership period. The unrecognized or deferred revenues relating to membership dues at September 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016 were $3.3 million and $2.7 million, respectively.

Avalon does not have significant operations located outside the United States and, accordingly, geographical segment information is not presented.

For the nine months ended September 30, 2017, one customer accounted for 10% of the waste management services segment’s net operating revenues to external customers and 7% of the consolidated net operating revenues. For the nine months ended September 30, 2016, no one customer accounted for 10% of Avalon’s consolidated or reportable segment net operating revenues.

The accounting policies of the segments are consistent with those described for the consolidated financial statements in the summary of significant accounting policies included in Avalon’s 2016 Annual Report to Shareholders. Avalon measures segment profit for internal reporting purposes as income (loss) before taxes.

Business segment information including the reconciliation of segment income before taxes to income (loss) before taxes is as follows (in thousands):

	Three Months Ended						Nine Months Ended
	September 30,						September 30,
	2017			2016			2017			2016
Net operating revenues from:
Waste management services:
External customer revenues	$	10,831		$	13,593		$	27,934		$	32,625
Intersegment revenues		-			-			-			-
Total waste management services		10,831			13,593			27,934			32,625

Golf and related operations:
External customer revenues		5,533			5,540			13,709			13,149
Intersegment revenues		12			23			49			50
Total golf and related operations		5,545			5,563			13,758			13,199

Segment operating revenues		16,376			19,156			41,692			45,824
Intersegment eliminations		(12	)		(23	)		(49	)		(50	)
Total net operating revenues	$	16,364		$	19,133		$	41,643		$	45,774

Income (loss) before income taxes:
Waste management services	$	624		$	950		$	1,852		$	2,035
Golf and related operations		674			608			298			468
Segment income before income taxes		1,298			1,558			2,150			2,503
Corporate interest expense		(162	)		(89	)		(490	)		(260	)
Corporate other income, net		2			2			6			7
General corporate expenses		(739	)		(693	)		(2,225	)		(2,096	)
Income (loss) before income taxes	$	399		$	778		$	(559	)	$	154

	September 30,			December 31,
	2017			2016
Identifiable assets:
Waste management services	$	25,890		$	25,015
Golf and related operations		46,023			44,728
Corporate		49,972			51,937
Subtotal		121,885			121,680
Elimination of intersegment receivables		(55,047	)		(53,782	)
Total	$	66,838		$	67,898

In comparing the total assets at September 30, 2017 with those at December 31, 2016, the increase in total assets of the waste management services segment of $0.9 million is primarily a result of an increase in intersegment transactions, which are eliminated in consolidation, partially offset by a decrease in accounts receivable and to a lesser extent a lower net book value of property and equipment as a result of current year depreciation on the salt water injection wells. The increase in total assets of the golf and related operations segment of $1.3 million is primarily due to golf course maintenance equipment acquired under capital lease agreements, capital expenditures related to the continued renovation and expansion of The Avalon Inn and an increase in accounts receivable related to membership dues partially offset by current year depreciation on property and equipment. The decrease in corporate total assets of $2.0 million is primarily due to a decrease in intersegment transactions, which are eliminated in consolidation, and to a lesser extent a decrease in cash and cash equivalents utilized for the renovation and expansion of The Avalon Inn and required monthly payments made on the term loan facility.

Note 12. Certain Relationships and Related Transactions

In August 2013, Avalon created a new Ohio limited liability company, AWMS Holdings, LLC, to act as a holding company to form and own a series of wholly owned subsidiaries that will own and operate Class II salt water injection wells and facilities (together the “facilities”). AWMS Holdings, LLC, offers investment opportunities to accredited investors by selling membership units of AWMS Holdings, LLC through private placement offerings. The monies received from these offerings, along with internally contributed capital, are used to construct the facilities necessary for the operation of salt water injection wells. AWMS Water Solutions, LLC, a wholly owned subsidiary of Avalon, manages all the salt water injection well operations, including the marketing and sales function and all decisions regarding the well operations for a percentage of the gross revenues.

In 2014 and 2013, Avalon, through a wholly owned subsidiary made capital contributions totaling approximately $3.4 million, which included cash and certain well assets, including the permits, in exchange for membership units of AWMS Holdings, LLC. Through a private placement offering for the purchase of membership units, AWMS Holdings, LLC raised approximately $3.8 million from accredited investors in 2014 and 2013. Management and outside directors of Avalon, who qualified as accredited investors, invested approximately $1.0 million in AWMS Holdings, LLC.

As a result of a private placement offering, Avalon is not the majority owner of AWMS Holdings, LLC. At September 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016, respectively, Avalon owns approximately 47% of AWMS Holdings, LLC. In accordance with ASC 810-10 and related amendment, due to the managerial control of American Water Management Services, LLC, AWMS Holdings, LLC is a variable interest entity, and the financial statements of AWMS Holdings, LLC and subsidiaries are included in Avalon’s consolidated financial statements. ASC 810-10 requires noncontrolling interests to be reported as a separate component of equity. The amount of net loss attributable to the noncontrolling interest is recorded in “net loss attributable to noncontrolling interest” in our Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations.

Note 13. Injection Wells Suspension

As a result of a seismic event with a magnitude of 2.1 occurring on August 31, 2014, the Chief of the Division of Oil and Gas Resources Management (“Chief” or “Division”) issued Orders on September 3, 2014, to immediately suspend all operations of both of Avalon’s saltwater injection wells. The Orders were based on the findings that the two saltwater injection wells were located in close proximity to an area of known seismic activity and also that the saltwater injection wells pose a risk of increasing or creating seismic activity. The two saltwater injection wells are located approximately 112 feet apart. Based on these findings, the Chief ordered the immediate suspension of all operations of the two saltwater injection wells, until the Division could further evaluate the wells.

On September 5, 2014, Avalon submitted the information required by the Chief’s Order in regards to its AWMS #1 injection well, and the Chief lifted the suspension for that well on September 18, 2014. On September 19, 2014, Avalon submitted information and a written plan required by the Chief’s Order proposing the establishment of certain operations and management controls on injections at the AWMS #2 injection well. To date, the Division has not responded to that plan despite Avalon’s requests for feedback.

On October 2, 2014, Avalon filed an appeal with the Ohio Oil and Gas Commission (the “Commission”) disputing the basis for suspending operations of AWMS #2 and also the authority of the Chief to immediately suspend such operations. On March 11, 2015, an appeal hearing was held. The Chief stated during the hearing that the suspension is only temporary, and that he expects that AWMS #2 will be allowed to inject once the state’s final policymaking is complete.

On August 12, 2015, the Commission upheld the temporary suspension of injection operations of AWMS #2 stating that the temporary suspension will allow the Chief to more fully evaluate the facts in anticipation of the Division’s implementation of a comprehensive regulatory plan that will specifically address injection-induced seismicity. Avalon appealed that decision in September 2015 to the Franklin County Court of Common Pleas, but that appeal was dismissed on a filing technicality. Avalon appealed the dismissal to the Ohio 10^th Circuit Court of Appeals, which found the Commission erred in its filing of their decision. Following the Commission’s proper notice, Avalon appealed again to the Franklin County Court of Common Pleas (the “Court”).

On November 1, 2016 an appeal hearing was held in that Court. On December 23, 2016, the Court issued its Decision and Order in Avalon’s favor, and vacated the Commission’s decision. The Court found that the Division’s suspension and refusal to work with the Company for over 26 months was arbitrary and not in accordance with reason. Subsequent to the ruling, and in accordance with the Court’s Decision and Order, both Avalon and the Division submitted their proposed restart plans to the Court. Avalon’s plan sets forth both the initial volumes and pressures and increases in volume and pressure while continuously monitoring seismicity and addressing the concerns of public health and safety.

On February 21, 2017, the Court issued its Final Decision and Order. The Court’s Final Decision and Order sets conditions for the restarting of AWMS #2 in accordance with the proposed restart plans filed by Avalon with minor revisions. While the Company was making preparations for restarting the well and opening the facility, the Division appealed the Final Decision and Order and filed a Motion to Stay the Court Order on February 22, 2017. The Motion to Stay was granted by the Ohio 10^th Circuit Court of Appeals on March 21, 2017. On September 14, 2017, an appeal hearing was held. The Company is currently awaiting judgment from the court. In the event the suspension order is lifted, Avalon will make preparations for restarting the well and opening the facility in accordance with the restart plans. In the event that the temporary suspension is not lifted by the Ohio 10^th Circuit Court of Appeals, Avalon will continue to appeal until a favorable ruling lifting the temporary suspension is received.

In addition, on August 26, 2016, Avalon filed a complaint in the 11^th Appellate District Court in Trumbull County, Ohio for a Peremptory Writ of Mandamus to compel the Director of the Ohio Department of Natural Resources (“ODNR”) to initiate appropriations procedures to determine damages from the illegal regulatory taking of the Company’s property, or issue an alternative remedy at law. There is currently no implemented state-wide policy on induced seismicity and The ODNR has refused to communicate with the Company regarding the status and requirements of any policymaking. The Company believes that the actions, and lack of responsible actions, by ODNR, which were triggered by a seismic event that presented no hazard or risk to any individual or to the environment, is a clear violation of the Company’s property rights and a violation of the Fifth and Fourteenth Amendments to the U.S. Constitution; Article I, Section 19 of the Ohio Constitution; and Ohio Revised Code Chapter 163. On September 26, 2016, the ODNR filed a motion to dismiss Avalon’s Writ of Mandamus complaint. The Company intends to vigorously pursue the Complaint and obtain due process and fair compensation. Discovery has been initiated in the case but no hearing date has been set.

At December 31, 2016, in accordance with FASB ASC 360-10-35, Property, Plant and Equipment – Overall – Subsequent Measurement (“ASC 360-10-35”), Avalon assessed the recoverability of the carrying values of the salt water injection wells based on the Chief of the Division of Oil and Gas Resources Management’s decision to temporarily suspend operations of the wells. Avalon estimated future cash flows directly associated with and which are expected to arise as a direct result of the wells once the temporary suspension is lifted. The assumptions used by management in developing the estimates of future cash flows were based on current market conditions and comparable prior periods while in operation. Based on the estimated undiscounted sum of the future cash flows, the net book value of the property, plant and equipment relating to the wells of approximately $4.3 million at December 31, 2016 was recoverable in less than the estimated remaining useful life of those assets. There were no changes to this assessment at September 30, 2017.

Management continues to consider whether indicators of impairment are present and tests for recoverability, as necessary, in accordance with ASC 360-10-15. There can be no guarantee that the salt water injection wells will resume operations. If management concludes that the suspension is other than temporary and the carrying amount of the salt water injection wells are not recoverable, Avalon may record an impairment charge up to $3.8 million, the carrying value of the salt water injection wells at September 30, 2017.

Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

The following discussion provides information which management believes is relevant to an assessment and understanding of the operations and financial condition of Avalon Holdings Corporation and its subsidiaries. As used in this report, the term “Avalon” or the “Company” means Avalon Holdings Corporation, its wholly owned subsidiaries and variable interest entities when it has been determined that Avalon is the primary beneficiary of those company’s operations, taken as a whole, unless the context indicates otherwise.

Statements included in Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations which are not historical in nature are intended to be, and are hereby identified as, “forward looking statements”. Avalon cautions readers that forward looking statements, including, without limitation, those relating to Avalon’s future business prospects, revenues, working capital, liquidity, capital needs, interest costs, and income, are subject to certain risks and uncertainties that could cause actual results to differ materially from those indicated in the forward looking statements, due to risks and factors identified herein and from time to time in Avalon’s reports filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

For the nine months ended September 30, 2017, Avalon utilized existing cash and cash provided by operations to meet operating needs, make required monthly payments on the term loan facility and to fund capital expenditures which included the continued renovation and expansion of The Avalon Inn as described below.

In July 2016, the Company formed Avalon Resorts and Clubs, Inc. (“ARCI”), a wholly owned subsidiary of Avalon, the purpose of which is to hold the corporate activity of Avalon Clubs, Inc. and Avalon Resorts, Inc., both formed concurrently with ARCI. Avalon Clubs, Inc. was formed to hold the wholly owned subsidiaries of the Avalon Golf and Country Club, while Avalon Resorts, Inc. holds the operations of The Avalon Inn. ACRI, Avalon Clubs, Inc. and Avalon Resorts, Inc. are included within Avalon’s golf and related operations segment.

During the nine months ended September 30, 2017, Avalon incurred capital expenditures of $2.2 million of which $1.5 million of such expenditures was paid to vendors and primarily related to the continued renovation and expansion of The Avalon Inn and $0.6 million of such expenditures related to golf course maintenance equipment acquired under new capital lease agreements. During the nine months ended September 30, 2016, Avalon incurred capital expenditures of $2.5 million and paid vendors $2.4 million for such expenditures which principally related to the renovation and expansion of The Avalon Inn. In 2017 and 2016, The Avalon Inn was in operation but still in the process of being renovated and expanded. The renovations and expansion include a complete renovation of the existing facility and the addition of new restaurants, bars, extensive banquet and conference facilities. Avalon’s aggregate capital expenditures in 2017 are expected to be in the range of $2.5 million to $3.0 million, which will principally relate to the continued renovation and expansion of The Avalon Inn, building improvements and equipment purchases.

Outstanding borrowings under the Line of Credit Agreement bear interest at Prime Rate plus .25%. At September 30, 2017, the interest rate on the Line of Credit Agreement was 4.50%.

At September 30, 2017, there was a working capital deficit of $0.3 million compared with working capital of $0.2 million at December 31, 2016. Working capital was negatively impacted primarily by a decrease in cash and cash equivalents and accounts receivable and an increase in deferred revenues related to membership dues. This decrease in working capital was partially offset by a decrease in accounts payable.

Accounts receivable decreased to $10.8 million at September 30, 2017 compared with $11.3 million at December 31, 2016. The decrease was primarily the result of decreased sales related to the waste management services segment in the third quarter of 2017 compared with the fourth quarter of 2016 and the timing of receipt on those associated receivables. Net operating revenues related to the waste management segment were $10.8 million in the third quarter of 2017 compared with $11.7 million in the fourth quarter of 2016. The decrease in accounts receivable noted above was partially offset by an increase in accounts receivable related to The Avalon Golf and Country Club attributable to timing of annual membership renewals and an increase in membership rates.

Accounts payable decreased to $8.2 million at September 30, 2017 compared with $9.4 million at December 31, 2016. The decrease in accounts payable is primarily due to a decrease in the amounts due to disposal facilities and transportation carriers of the waste brokerage and management services business associated with the decrease in net operating revenues in the third quarter of 2017 compared with the fourth quarter of 2016 and the associated timing of those vendor payments in the ordinary course of business.

Accrued payroll and other compensation increased to $1.0 million at September 30, 2017 compared with $0.7 million at December 31, 2016. The increase of $0.3 million was primarily the result of the timing of payment of certain accrued bonuses.

The increase in deferred revenues at September 30, 2017 compared with December 31, 2016 is a result of an increase in membership dues rates and associated timing of annual membership renewals. During the third quarter of 2016, annual membership dues rates were increased. Revenues related to annual membership dues are recognized proportionately over the membership term. Deferred revenues related to membership dues increased to $3.3 million at September 30, 2017 compared with $2.7 million at December 31, 2016.

Management believes that anticipated cash provided from future operations, will be, for the foreseeable future, sufficient to meet operating requirements and make required monthly payments under our term loan facility. If business conditions warrant additional monies needed to fund capital expenditure programs, Avalon will take actions such as refinancing or restructuring our current debt agreements, incurring additional indebtedness, issuance of common stock or issuance of a security with characteristics of both debt and equity.

Growth Strategy

Waste Management Services Segment

Our growth strategy for the waste management services segment focuses on increasing revenue, gaining market share and enhancing shareholder value through internal growth. Although we are a waste management services company, we do not own any landfills or provide waste collection services. However, because of our many relationships with various disposal facilities and transporters, we are able to be more flexible and provide alternative solutions to a customer’s waste disposal or recycling needs. We intend to capitalize on our management and sales staff which has extensive experience in all aspects of the waste business. As such, we intend to manage our internal growth as follows:

• Sales and Marketing Activities. We will focus on retaining existing customers and obtaining new business through our well-managed sales and marketing activities. We seek to manage our sales and marketing activities to enable us to capitalize on our position in many of the markets in which we operate. We provide a tailored program to all of our customers in response to their particular needs. We accomplish this by centralizing services to effectively manage their needs, such as minimizing their procurement costs.

We currently have a number of professional sales and marketing employees in the field who are compensated using a commission structure that is focused on generating high levels of quality revenue. For the most part, these employees directly solicit business from existing and prospective customers. We emphasize our rate and cost structures when we train new and existing sales personnel. We intend to hire additional qualified professional sales personnel to expand into different geographical areas.

• Development Activities. We will seek to identify opportunities to further position us as an integrated service provider in markets where we provide services. In addition, we will continue to utilize the extensive experience of our management and sales staff to bid on significant one-time projects and those that require special expertise. Where appropriate, we may seek to obtain permits that would provide vertically integrated waste services or expand the service offerings or leverage our existing volumes with current vendors to provide for long term, cost competitive strategic positioning within our existing markets.

Golf and Related Operations Segment

In August 2014, the Company acquired The Avalon Inn which was integrated into the golf and related operations segment. The acquisition is consistent with the Company's business strategy in that The Avalon Inn provides guests with a self-contained vacation experience, offering hotel guests golf packages to all of the golf courses of the Avalon Golf and Country Club and allows its guests to utilize the facilities at each of the clubhouses. Members of the Avalon Golf and Country Club also have access to all of the amenities offered by The Avalon Inn. The Avalon Inn is open year-round and provides a consistent, comfortable environment where our guests can enjoy our various amenities and activities. Avalon believes that the combination of its three golf facilities and The Avalon Inn will result in additional memberships in the Avalon Golf and Country Club.

In addition, several private country clubs in the northeast Ohio area are experiencing economic difficulties. Avalon believes some of these clubs may represent an attractive investment opportunity. While Avalon has not entered into any pending agreements for acquisitions, it may do so at any time and will continue to consider acquisitions that make economic sense.

Results of Operations

Avalon’s primary business segment, the waste management services segment, provides hazardous and nonhazardous waste brokerage and management services, captive landfill management services and salt water injection well operations. The golf and related operations segment includes the operation and management of three golf courses and related country clubs and facilities, a hotel and its associated amenities and a travel agency.

Performance in the third quarter of 2017 compared with the third quarter of 2016

Overall Performance

Net operating revenues decreased to approximately $16.3 million in the third quarter of 2017 compared with $19.1 million in the third quarter of 2016. This decrease was due to a decrease in net operating revenues of the waste management services segment. Net operating revenues of the waste management services segment were $10.8 million in the third quarter of 2017 compared with $13.6 million in the third quarter of 2016. Net operating revenues of the golf and related operations segment were approximately $5.5 million in both the third quarter of 2017 and 2016.

Costs of operations related to the waste management segment decreased to $8.8 million in the third quarter of 2017 compared with $11.3 million in the third quarter of 2016. The decrease in the cost of operations between periods for the waste management segment is primarily due to the decreased net operating revenues between periods as these costs vary directly with the associated net operating revenues. Cost of operations for the golf and related operations segment decreased to $4.1 million in the third quarter of 2017 compared with $4.2 million in the third quarter of 2017. The decrease was primarily a result of lower employee related costs.

Depreciation and amortization expense was approximately $0.7 million in both the third quarter of 2017 and 2016.

Consolidated selling, general and administrative expenses were $2.2 million in the third quarter of 2017 compared with $2.1 million in the third quarter of 2016. The increase in selling, general and administrative costs was primarily due to increased legal costs incurred relating to Avalon’s appeal and mandamus processes associated with the Company’s salt water injection wells further described below.

Net income attributable to Avalon Holdings Corporation common shareholders was $0.5 million, or $0.14 per share, in the third quarter of 2017 compared with net income attributable to Avalon Holdings Corporation common shareholders of $0.8 million, or $0.21 per share, in the third quarter of 2016.

Segment Performance

Segment performance should be read in conjunction with Note 11 to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

Waste Management Services Segment

The net operating revenues of the waste management services segment decreased approximately 20% to $10.8 million in the third quarter of 2017 compared with $13.6 million in the third quarter of 2016. The waste management services segment includes waste disposal brokerage and management services, captive landfill management operations and salt water injection well operations.

The net operating revenues of the waste brokerage and management services business decreased to $10.2 million in the third quarter of 2017 from $13.1 million in the third quarter of 2016. This decrease was primarily due to a decrease of $3.3 million, or a 42% decrease, in net operating revenues attributable to event work relating to multiple projects. Event work is defined as bid projects under contract that occurs on a one-time basis over a short period of time. Such work can fluctuate significantly from year to year. Net operating revenues related to event work were $4.6 million during the third quarter of 2017 compared with $7.9 million during the third quarter of 2016. The decrease noted above was partially offset by an increase in net operating revenues relating to continuous work of the waste disposal brokerage business. Continuous work of the waste disposal brokerage business increased approximately $0.2 million, or a 4% increase between periods. Net operating revenues related to continuous work were $5.0 million during the third quarter of 2017 compared with $4.8 million during the third quarter of 2016. In addition, net operating revenues related to managerial, consulting and clerical services increased to $0.6 million during the third quarter of 2017 compared with $0.4 million during the third quarter of 2016. Net operating revenue relating to managerial, consulting and clerical services, which is performed for one customer, is entirely dependent on that customer’s needs.

The net operating revenues of the captive landfill management operations were approximately $0.6 million in the third quarter of 2017 compared with $0.5 million in the third quarter of 2016. The net operating revenues of the captive landfill operations are almost entirely dependent upon the volume of waste generated by the owner of the landfill for whom Avalon manages the facility.

Due to the temporary suspension of the salt water injections wells there were no operating revenues during the third quarter of 2017 and 2016. As a result of a seismic event with a magnitude of 2.1 occurring on August 31, 2014, the Chief of the Division of Oil and Gas Resources Management (“Chief” or “Division”) issued Orders on September 3, 2014, to immediately suspend all operations of both of Avalon’s saltwater injection wells. The Orders were based on the findings that the two saltwater injection wells were located in close proximity to an area of known seismic activity and also that the saltwater injection wells pose a risk of increasing or creating seismic activity. The two saltwater injection wells are located approximately 112 feet apart. Based on these findings, the Chief ordered the immediate suspension of all operations of the two saltwater injection wells, until the Division could further evaluate the wells.

Costs of operations related to the waste management segment decreased $2.5 million, or 22%, to $8.8 million in the third quarter of 2017 compared with $11.3 million in the third quarter of 2016. The decrease in the cost of operations between periods for the waste management segment is primarily due to the decreased net operating revenues between periods as these costs vary directly with the associated net operating revenues.

Income before income taxes for the waste management services segment decreased to $0.6 million in the third quarter of 2017 compared with $1.0 million in the third quarter of 2016. Income before income taxes of the waste brokerage and management services business was approximately $0.8 million in the third quarter of 2017 compared with $1.0 million in the third quarter of 2016. The gross margins associated with continuous work are typically higher than gross margins from event work and managerial, consulting and clerical services, and although total net operating revenues for the waste brokerage and management services business decreased $2.9 million between periods, the higher gross profit generated on the net operating revenues related to continuous work between periods partially offset the lower gross profit generated from the decreased event work net operating revenues between periods. The overall gross margin percentage of the waste brokerage and management services business was approximately 18% in the third quarter of 2017 compared with 16% in the third quarter of 2016. Income before income taxes of the captive landfill operations was approximately $0.1 million in both the third quarter of 2017 and 2016. During the third quarter of 2017 and 2016, the salt water injection wells incurred a loss before income taxes of approximately $0.3 million and $0.1 million, respectively. The increased loss in the third quarter of 2017 compared with the third quarter of 2016 was due to higher legal costs incurred relating to Avalon’s appeal and mandamus processes described above.

Golf and Related Operations Segment

Net operating revenues of the golf and related operations segment were $5.5 million in both the third quarter of 2017 and 2016. Avalon’s golf and related operations segment consists of the operation and management of three golf courses and related country clubs which provide dining and banquet facilities, a hotel which provides lodging, dining, banquet and conference facilities and a travel agency.

Food, beverage and merchandise sales were approximately $2.3 million in both the third quarter of 2017 and 2016. Other net operating revenues related to the golf and relations operations were $3.2 million in both the third quarter of 2017 and 2016. The net operating revenues from membership dues increased slightly to $1.3 million during the third quarter of 2017 compared with $1.2 million in the third quarter of 2016 due to an increase in annual membership dues partially offset by a decrease in the average number of members between periods. The average number of members during the third quarter of 2017 was 4,412 compared with 4,741 in the comparable prior period. During the third quarter of 2016, annual membership dues rates were increased. The increased rates become effective for existing members on the member’s renewal date.

Cost of operations for the golf and related operations segment decreased to $4.1 million in the third quarter of 2017 compared with $4.2 million in the third quarter of 2016. Cost of food, beverage and merchandise was approximately $1.0 million in both the third quarter of 2017 and 2016. Cost of operations related to the golf and related operations decreased approximately $0.1 million between periods to $3.1 million in the third quarter of 2017 compared with $3.2 million in the third quarter of 2016. The decrease was primarily a result of lower employee related costs.

Income before income taxes for the golf and related operations was approximately $0.7 million in the third quarter of 2017 compared with $0.6 million in the third quarter of 2016. The change between periods was primarily due to a decrease in employee related costs partially offset by increased depreciation expense.

General Corporate Expenses

General corporate expenses were $0.7 million in both the third quarter of 2017 and 2016.

Interest Expense

Interest expense was $0.2 million in the third quarter of 2017 compared with $0.1 million in the third quarter of 2016. The increase in interest expense was due to higher average outstanding borrowings at a higher weighted average interest rate during the third quarter of 2017 compared with the third quarter of the prior year. During the third quarter of 2017 and 2016, the weighted average interest rate on outstanding borrowings was 5.35% and 3.75%, respectively.

Net Income

Net income attributable to Avalon Holdings Corporation common shareholders was $0.5 million in the third quarter of 2017 compared with $0.8 million in the third quarter of 2016. Avalon recorded a state income tax provision in both the third quarter of 2017 and 2016, which was related entirely to the waste management and brokerage operations. The effective state tax rate related to the waste management and brokerage operations was approximately 7% for both the third quarter of 2017 and 2016. Due to the recording of a full valuation allowance against the Company’s federal net deferred tax assets, the overall effective tax rate in both periods reflects taxes owed in certain U.S state jurisdictions. Avalon’s income tax on the income before taxes was offset by a change in the valuation allowance. A valuation allowance is provided when it is more likely than not that deferred tax assets relating to certain federal and state loss carryforwards will not be realized. Avalon continues to maintain a valuation allowance against the majority of its deferred tax amounts until it is evident that the deferred tax asset will be utilized in the future.

Performance in the first nine months of 2017 compared with the first nine months of 2016

Overall Performance

Net operating revenues decreased to $41.6 million in the first nine months of 2017 compared with $45.8 million in the first nine months of 2016. This decrease was due to a decrease in net operating revenues of the waste management services segment. Net operating revenues of the waste management services segment were $27.9 million in the first nine months of 2017 compared with $32.6 million in the first nine months of 2016. The decrease in net operating revenues attributable to the waste management services segment during the first nine months of 2017 compared to the first nine months of 2016 was slightly offset by an increase in revenue attributable to the golf and related operations segment. Net operating revenues of the golf and related operations segment were approximately $13.7 million in the first nine months of 2017 compared with $13.2 million in the first nine months of 2016.

Costs of operations related to the waste management segment decreased to $22.2 million in the first nine months of 2017 compared with $26.9 million in the first nine months of 2016. The decrease in the cost of operations between periods for the waste management segment is primarily due to the decreased net operating revenues between periods as these costs vary directly with the associated net operating revenues. Cost of operations for the golf and related operations segment increased to $11.1 million in the first nine months of 2017 compared with $10.7 million in the first nine months of 2016. The increase was primarily a result of higher employee related costs.

Depreciation and amortization expense was approximately $2.3 million in first nine months of 2017 compared with $2.1 million in the first nine months of 2016. The increase is primarily the result of depreciation expense associated with The Avalon Inn.

Consolidated selling, general and administrative expenses were $6.3 million in the first nine months of 2017 compared with $5.9 million in the first nine months of 2016. The increase in selling, general and administrative costs was primarily due to increased legal costs incurred relating to Avalon’s appeal and mandamus processes associated with the Company’s salt water injection wells and increased employee related costs.

Interest expense was $0.5 million during the first nine months of 2017 compared with $0.3 million in the first nine months of 2016. The increase in interest expense was due to higher average outstanding borrowings at a higher weighted average interest rate during the first nine months of 2017 compared with the first nine months of 2016.

Net loss attributable to Avalon Holdings Corporation common shareholders was $0.3 million, or $0.07 per share, in the first nine months of 2017 compared with net income attributable to Avalon Holdings Corporation common shareholders of $0.3 million, or $0.08 per share, in the first nine months of 2016.

Segment Performance

Segment performance should be read in conjunction with Note 11 to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

Waste Management Services Segment

The net operating revenues of the waste management services segment decreased approximately 14% to $27.9 million in the first nine months of 2017 compared with $32.6 million in the first nine months of 2016.

The net operating revenues of the waste brokerage and management services business decreased to $26.3 million in the first nine months of 2017 from $31.1 million in the first nine months of 2016. This decrease was primarily due to a decrease of $5.9 million, or a 37% decrease, in net operating revenues attributable to event work relating to multiple projects. Event work is defined as bid projects under contract that occurs on a one-time basis over a short period of time. Such work can fluctuate significantly from year to year. Net operating revenues related to event work were $9.9 million during the first nine months of 2017 compared with $15.8 million during the first nine months of 2016. In addition, net operating revenues related to managerial, consulting and clerical services decreased to $1.1 million during the first nine months of 2017 compared with $1.4 million during the first nine months of 2016. Net operating revenue relating to managerial, consulting and clerical services, which is performed for one customer, is entirely dependent on that customer’s needs. The decreases noted above were partially offset by an increase in net operating revenues relating to continuous work of the waste disposal brokerage business. Continuous work of the waste disposal brokerage business increased approximately $1.4 million, or a 10% increase between periods related to increased work from multiple customers. Net operating revenues related to continuous work were $15.3 million during the first nine months of 2017 compared with $13.9 million during the first nine months of 2016.

The net operating revenues of the captive landfill management operations were approximately $1.6 million in the first nine months of 2017 compared with $1.5 million during the first nine months of 2016. The net operating revenues of the captive landfill operations are almost entirely dependent upon the volume of waste generated by the owner of the landfill for whom Avalon manages the facility.

Due to the temporary suspension of the salt water injections wells noted above, there were no operating revenues during the first nine months of 2017 and 2016.

Costs of operations related to the waste management segment decreased $4.7 million, or 17%, to $22.2 million in the first nine months of 2017 compared with $26.9 million in the first nine months of 2016. The decrease in the cost of operations between periods for the waste management segment is primarily due to the decreased net operating revenues between periods as these costs vary directly with the associated net operating revenues.

Income before income taxes for the waste management services segment decreased to approximately $1.9 million in the first nine months of 2017 compared with $2.0 million in the first nine months of 2016. Income before income taxes of the waste brokerage and management services business was approximately $2.3 million in both the first nine months of 2017 and 2016. The gross margins associated with continuous work are typically higher than gross margins from event work and managerial, consulting and clerical services, and although total net operating revenues for the waste management brokerage and services business decreased $4.8 million between periods, the higher gross profit generated on the increased net operating revenues related to continuous work between periods offset the lower gross profit generated from the decreased event work net operating revenues between periods. The overall gross margin percentage of the waste brokerage and management services business was approximately 20% in the first nine months of 2017 compared with 17% in the first nine months of 2016. Income before income taxes of the captive landfill operations was approximately $0.3 million in the first nine months of 2017 compared with $0.2 million in the first nine months of 2016. During the first nine months of 2017, the salt water injection wells incurred a loss before income taxes of approximately $0.7 million compared with a loss before income taxes of $0.5 million in the first nine months of 2016. The increased loss between periods was due to legal costs incurred relating to Avalon’s appeal and mandamus processes described above.

Golf and Related Operations Segment

Net operating revenues of the golf and related operations segment increased approximately 4% to $13.7 million in the first nine months of 2017 compared with $13.2 million in the first nine months of 2016.

Food, beverage and merchandise sales increased to $5.7 million during the first nine months of 2017 compared with $5.6 million in the first nine months of 2016. The increase in food and beverage revenue related to The Avalon Inn between periods was slightly offset by a decrease in food and beverage revenue at the clubs during the first nine months of 2017 compared to the first nine months of 2016.

Other net operating revenues related to the golf and related operations was $8.0 million in the first nine months of 2017 compared with $7.6 million in the first nine months of 2016. This increase was primarily attributable to an increase in net operating revenues related to room rental at The Avalon Inn and an increase in annual membership dues. Net operating revenues related to room rental was approximately $1.6 million in the first nine months of 2017 compared with $1.4 million in the first nine months of 2016. The increase in net operating revenues related to room rental was due to higher occupancy and associated average room rates during 2017 compared with the prior period. The net operating revenues from membership dues increased to $3.9 million during the first nine months of 2017 compared with $3.5 million in the first nine months of 2016 due to an increase in annual membership dues and an increase in the average number of members between periods. The average number of members during the first nine months of 2017 was 4,604 compared with 4,588 in the comparable prior period. During the third quarter of 2016, annual membership dues rates were increased. The increased rates become effective for existing members on the member’s renewal date. The increases noted above were slightly offset by a decrease of approximately $0.2 million in greens fees and associated cart rentals and fitness related revenue. Due to adverse weather conditions, net operating revenues relating to the golf courses, which are located in northeast Ohio and western Pennsylvania, were minimal during the first three months of 2017 and 2016.

Cost of operations for the golf and related operations segment increased to $11.1 million in the first nine months of 2017 compared with $10.7 million in the first nine months of 2016. Cost of food, beverage and merchandise was approximately $2.5 million in both the first nine months of 2017 and 2016. Cost of operations related to the golf and related operations increased approximately $0.4 million between periods from $8.6 million in the first nine months of 2017 compared with $8.2 million in the first nine months of 2016. The increase was primarily a result of higher employee related costs and increased use of lawn care maintenance products for the golf courses.

Income before income taxes for the golf and related operations was $0.3 million in the first nine months of 2017 compared with $0.5 million in the first nine months of 2016. The change between periods was primarily due to an increase in salaries and other employee related costs as a result of an increase in the number of employees, increased use of lawn care maintenance products for the golf courses and increased depreciation expense. These increased expenses were partially offset by higher occupancy and associated room rates attributable to The Avalon Inn and an increase in membership dues revenue noted above.

The ability to attract new members and retain members is very important to the success of the golf and related operations segment. Avalon is continually using different marketing strategies to attract and retain members, such as local television advertising and/or various membership promotions. A significant decline in members could adversely impact the financial results of the golf and related operations segment.

General Corporate Expenses

General corporate expenses were $2.2 million in the first nine months of 2017 compared with $2.1 million in the first nine months of 2016. The increase in general corporate expenses is primarily due to higher employee related costs.

Interest Expense

Interest expense was $0.5 million in the first nine months of 2017 compared with $0.3 million in the first nine months of 2016. The increase in interest expense was due to higher average outstanding borrowings at a higher weighted average interest rate during the first nine months of 2017 compared with the first nine months of the prior year. During the first nine months of 2017 and 2016, the weighted average interest rate on outstanding borrowings was 5.35% and 3.75%, respectively.

Net Income (Loss)

Net loss attributable to Avalon Holdings Corporation common shareholders was $0.3 million in the first nine months of 2017 compared with net income attributable to Avalon Holdings Corporation common shareholders of $0.3 million in the first nine months of 2016. Avalon recorded a state income tax provision in both the first nine months of 2017 and 2016, which was related entirely to the waste management and brokerage operations. The effective state tax rate related to the waste management and brokerage operations was approximately 7% for both the first nine months of 2017 and 2016. Due to the recording of a full valuation allowance against the Company’s federal net deferred tax assets, the overall effective tax rate in both periods reflects taxes owed in certain U.S state jurisdictions. Avalon’s income tax on the income (loss) before taxes was offset by a change in the valuation allowance. A valuation allowance is provided when it is more likely than not that deferred tax assets relating to certain federal and state loss carryforwards will not be realized. Avalon continues to maintain a valuation allowance against the majority of its deferred tax amounts until it is evident that the deferred tax asset will be utilized in the future.

Trends and Uncertainties

In the ordinary course of conducting its business, Avalon becomes involved in lawsuits, administrative proceedings and governmental investigations, including those relating to environmental matters. Some of these proceedings may result in fines, penalties or judgments being assessed against Avalon which, from time to time, may have an impact on its business and financial condition. Although the outcome of such lawsuits or other proceedings cannot be predicted with certainty, management assesses the probability of loss and accrues a liability as appropriate. Avalon does not believe that any uninsured ultimate liabilities, fines or penalties resulting from such pending proceedings, individually or in the aggregate, will have a material adverse effect on its liquidity, financial position or results of operations.

The federal government and numerous state and local governmental bodies are continuing to consider legislation or regulations to either restrict or impede the disposal and/or transportation of waste. A portion of Avalon’s waste brokerage and management services revenues is derived from the disposal and/or transportation of out-of-state waste. Any law or regulation restricting or impeding the transportation of waste or the acceptance of out-of-state waste for disposal could have a negative effect on Avalon.

Avalon’s waste brokerage and management services business obtains and retains customers by providing services and identifying cost-efficient disposal options unique to a customer’s needs. Consolidation within the solid waste industry has resulted in reducing the number of disposal options available to waste generators and may cause disposal pricing to increase. Avalon’s waste brokerage and management services business may not be able to pass these price increases onto some of its customers, which, in turn, may adversely impact Avalon’s future financial performance.

A significant portion of Avalon’s business is generated from waste brokerage and management services provided to customers that are not subject to long-term contracts. In light of current economic, regulatory and competitive conditions, there can be no assurance that Avalon’s current customers will continue to transact business with Avalon at historical levels. Failure by Avalon to retain its current customers or to replace lost business could adversely impact the future financial performance of Avalon.

Avalon’s captive landfill management business is dependent upon a single customer as its sole source of revenue. If the captive landfill management business is unable to retain this customer, Avalon’s future financial performance could be adversely impacted.

Saltwater disposal wells are regulated by the Ohio Department of Natural Resources (“ODNR”), with portions of the disposal facilities regulated by the Ohio EPA. As exploitation of the Marcellus and Utica shale formations by the hydrofracturing process develops, regulatory and public awareness of the environmental risks of saltwater brine and its disposal in saltwater disposal wells is growing and consequently, it is expected that regulation governing the construction and operation of saltwater disposal wells will increase in scope and complexity. Increased regulation may result in increased construction and/or operating costs, which could adversely affect the financial results of Avalon.

There is a continuing risk during the saltwater disposal well’s operation of an environmental event causing contamination to the water tables in the surrounding area, or seismic events. The occurrence of a spill or contamination at a disposal well site could result in remedial expenses and/or result in the operations at the well site being suspended and/or terminated by the Ohio EPA or the ODNR. Incurring remedial expenses and /or a suspension or termination of Avalon’s right to operate one or more saltwater disposal wells at the well site could have an adverse effect on Avalon’s financial results.

In addition, on August 26, 2016, Avalon filed a complaint in the 11^th Appellate District Court in Trumbull County, Ohio for a Peremptory Writ of Mandamus to compel the Director of the ODNR to initiate appropriations procedures to determine damages from the illegal regulatory taking of the Company’s property, or issue an alternative remedy at law. There is currently no implemented state-wide policy on induced seismicity and The ODNR has refused to communicate with the Company regarding the status and requirements of any policymaking. The Company believes that the actions, and lack of responsible actions, by ODNR, which were triggered by a seismic event that presented no hazard or risk to any individual or to the environment, is a clear violation of the Company’s property rights and a violation of the Fifth and Fourteenth Amendments to the U.S. Constitution; Article I, Section 19 of the Ohio Constitution; and Ohio Revised Code Chapter 163. On September 26, 2016, the ODNR filed a motion to dismiss Avalon’s Writ of Mandamus complaint. The Company intends to vigorously pursue the Complaint and obtain due process and fair compensation. Discovery has been initiated in the case but no hearing date has been set.

At December 31, 2016, in accordance with the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) 360-10-35, Property, Plant and Equipment – Overall – Subsequent Measurement (“ASC 360-10-35”), Avalon assessed the recoverability of the carrying values of the salt water injection wells based on the Chief of the Division of Oil and Gas Resources Management’s decision to temporarily suspend operations of the wells. Avalon estimated future cash flows directly associated with and which are expected to arise as a direct result of the wells once the temporary suspension is lifted. The assumptions used by management in developing the estimates of future cash flows were based on current market conditions and comparable prior periods while in operation. Based on the estimated undiscounted sum of the future cash flows, the net book value of the property, plant and equipment relating to the wells of approximately $4.3 million at December 31, 2016 was recoverable in less than the estimated remaining useful life of those assets. There were no changes to this assessment at September 30, 2017.

Economic challenges throughout the industries served by Avalon may result in payment defaults by customers. While Avalon continuously endeavors to limit customer credit risks, customer-specific financial downturns are not controllable by management. Significant customer payment defaults would have a material adverse impact upon Avalon’s future financial performance.

The Avalon Golf and Country Club operates golf courses and related clubhouses at each of its three facilities. The Avalon Golf and Country Club facilities also offer swimming pools, fitness centers, tennis courts, dining and banquet facilities and spa services. In addition, The Avalon Inn provides guests with a self-contained vacation experience, offering hotel guests golf packages to all of the golf courses of the Avalon Golf and Country Club and allows its guests to utilize the facilities at each of the clubhouses. Members of the Avalon Golf and Country Club also have access to all of the amenities offered by The Avalon Inn. The Avalon Golf and Country Club competes with many public courses and country clubs in the area. Although the golf courses continue to be available to the general public, the primary source of revenues is derived from the members of the Avalon Golf and Country Club. Avalon believes that the combination of its three facilities and The Avalon Inn will result in additional memberships in the Avalon Golf and Country Club. The ability to retain current members and attract new members has been an ongoing challenge. Although Avalon was able to increase the number of members of the Avalon Golf and Country Club, as of September 30, 2017, Avalon has not attained its membership goals. There can be no assurance as to when such goals will be attained and when the golf and related operations will ultimately become profitable. Avalon is continually using different marketing strategies to attract new members, such as local television advertising and various membership promotions. A significant decline in members could adversely affect the future financial performance of Avalon.

All three of Avalon’s golf course operations and The Avalon Inn currently hold liquor licenses for their respective facilities. If, for some reason, any one of these facilities were to lose their liquor license, the financial performance of the golf and related operations would be adversely affected.

Avalon’s operations are somewhat seasonal in nature since a significant portion of those operations are primarily conducted in selected northeastern and midwestern states. Additionally, Avalon’s golf courses are located in northeast Ohio and western Pennsylvania and are significantly dependent upon weather conditions during the golf season. As a result, Avalon’s financial performance is adversely affected by adverse weather conditions.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk

Avalon does not have significant exposure to changing interest rates. Based on the current debt level at September 30, 2017, if market interest rates increased one percent, Avalon’s interest expense would increase approximately $0.1 million annually. Avalon does not undertake any specific actions to cover its exposure to interest rate risk and Avalon is not a party to any interest rate risk management transactions. Avalon does not purchase or hold any derivative financial instruments.

Item 4. Controls and Procedures

As required by Rule 13a-15 under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (the “Exchange Act”), Avalon’s management conducted an evaluation, under the supervision and with the participation of the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, of the effectiveness of the design and operation of our disclosure controls and procedures as of September 30, 2017. For purposes of the foregoing, the term disclosure controls and procedures means controls and other procedures of an issuer that are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed by the issuer in the reports that it files or submits under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported, within the time periods specified in the Securities and Exchange Commission’s (“SEC”) rules and forms. Disclosure controls and procedures include, without limitation, controls and procedures designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed by an issuer in the reports that it files or submits under the Exchange Act is accumulated and communicated to the issuer’s management, including its principal executive and principal financial officers, or persons performing similar functions, as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure. Avalon’s disclosure controls and procedures are designed to provide reasonable assurance of achieving their objectives as outlined above. Based upon that evaluation, the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer have concluded that they believe that, as of September 30, 2017, our disclosure controls and procedures were effective at a reasonable assurance level.

Changes in Internal Controls over Financial Reporting.

There were no changes in our internal controls over financial reporting during the fiscal quarter ended September 30, 2017 that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal controls over financial reporting.

PART II. OTHER INFORMATION

Item 1. Legal Proceedings

Reference is made to “Item 3. Legal Proceedings” in Avalon’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2016 for a description of legal proceedings.

Item 2. Changes in Securities and Use of Proceeds

None

Item 3. Defaults upon Senior Securities

None

Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures

None

Item 5. Other Information

None

Item 6. Exhibits and Reports on Form 8-K

	(a)	Exhibits

		Exhibit 31.1 Certification pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.

		Exhibit 31.2 Certification pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.

		Exhibit 32.1 Certification pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.

		Exhibit 32.2 Certification pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.

		Exhibit 101.INS^*XBRL Instance

		Exhibit 101.SCH^* XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema

		Exhibit 101.CAL^* XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation

		Exhibit 101.DEF^* XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition

		Exhibit 101.LAB^* XBRL Taxonomy Extension Labels

		Exhibit 101.PRE^* XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation

		XBRL information is furnished and not filed or a part of a registration statement or prospectus for purposes of sections 11 or 12 of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, is deemed not filed for purposes of section 18 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, and otherwise is not subject to liability under these sections.

	(b)	Reports on Form 8-K

		None

SIGNATURE

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the Registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.

	AVALON HOLDINGS CORPORATION
	(Registrant)


Date: November 9, 2017	By:	/s/ Bryan P. Saksa
	Bryan P. Saksa, Chief Financial Officer and
	Treasurer (Principal Financial and Accounting
	Officer and Duly Authorized Officer)