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Income Taxes
9 Months Ended
Sep. 30, 2017
Income Taxes [Abstract]  
Income Taxes
D. Income Taxes

The effective tax rate (“ETR”) for the three months ended September 30, 2017 and September 30, 2016 was 18.8% and 31.9%, respectively. The ETR for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 and September 30, 2016 was 34.4% and 35.9%, respectively. The current year quarter’s ETR benefited from the reversal of certain tax accruals totaling $3.6 million due to a change in accounting estimate as well as a $1.0 million tax benefit related to the charitable contribution while the prior year quarter benefited from a reversal of $2.6 million in tax accruals due to the conclusion of a state audit.


ASU 2016-09, which was issued in March 2016 and became effective for interim and annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2016, simplifies several aspects of accounting for employee share-based payment transactions. Upon adoption of ASU 2016-09 on January 1, 2017, our accounting for excess tax benefits has changed and adopted prospectively, resulting in recognition of excess tax benefits or tax deficiencies against income tax expenses rather than additional paid-in capital.  During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017, the ETR was higher by 3.6% and 1.0%, respectively, as a result of a reduction to previously recorded stock compensation tax benefits.