Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

3 Months Ended

Oct. 31, 2018

Accounting Policies [Abstract]

Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

Note 2 – Summary of Significant Accounting Policies:

Revenue Recognition—Revenue is recognized when: (i) persuasive evidence of an arrangement exists, (ii) delivery has occurred or services have been rendered, (iii) the seller’s price to the buyer is fixed or determinable, and (iv) collectability is reasonably assured.

Revenue from the provision of pharmacy services is recognized when the prescription is dispensed (picked up by the patient or shipped to the patient using common carrier or delivered by the pharmacies own personnel). At the time of dispensing each pharmacy has a contract with the insurance payor (item (i)); the insurance payor has accepted the claim for reimbursement from the pharmacy and informed the pharmacy how much will be paid for the prescription (item (iii)); the insurance payor is now legally obligated to make payment on the accepted claim within a given period proscribed by statute (item (iv)); and, the prescription has been taken from the pharmacy inventory, placed into an individually labeled container specific to the patient, and the patient is able to take possession of the prescription (item (ii)). Shipment to or pick up by the patient is the first time that all criteria for revenue recognition have been met. 

Revenue from the provision of laboratory services is recognized upon the completion of accessions (the requested laboratory test has been performed and the report has been issued to the requesting physician). After the test has been performed and reported, the insurance company and/or patient has an obligation to pay for medically necessary laboratory tests (items (i) and (ii)). Unlike the pharmacy services model, laboratory services are provided prior to insurance company approval; as a result, the seller’s price to buyer is not known until payment is provided (items (iii) and (iv). Based on historical collections, the Company estimates the expected revenues associated with similar tests and recognizes the revenue when testing results have been provided.

Provisions for estimated sales returns and uncollectible accounts are recorded in the period in which the related sales are recognized based on historical and anticipated rates.

The Company determines whether it is the principal or agent for its retail pharmacy contract services on a contract by contract basis. In the majority of its contracts, the Company has determined it is the principal due to it: (i) being the primary obligor in the arrangement, (ii) having latitude in changing the product or performing part of the service, (iii) having discretion in supplier selection, (iv) having involvement in the determination of product or service specifications, and (v) having credit risk. The Company’s obligations under its client contracts for which revenues are reported using the gross method are separate and distinct from its obligations to the third party pharmacies included in its retail pharmacy network contracts. Pursuant to these contracts, the Company is contractually required to pay the third party pharmacies in its retail pharmacy network for products sold, regardless of whether the Company is paid by its clients. The Company’s responsibilities under its client contracts typically include validating eligibility and coverage levels, communicating the prescription price and the co-payments due to the third party retail pharmacy, identifying possible adverse drug interactions for the pharmacist to address with the prescriber prior to dispensing, suggesting generic alternatives where clinically appropriate, and approving the prescription for dispensing. Although the Company does not have credit risk with respect to Retail Co-Payments or inventory risk related to retail network claims, management believes that all of the other applicable indicators of gross revenue reporting are present. For contracts under which the Company acts as an agent, revenue is recognized using the net method.

Cost of Goods Sold—Costs and directly related expenses to sell the Company’s products and services are recorded as cost of goods sold when the related revenue is recognized. The Company records shipping and handling costs related to delivery of products to customers within cost of goods sold.

Inventories—Inventories, which consist of finished goods, are stated at the lower of cost, determined principally under the first-in, first-out method, or net realizable value. Inventories include the cost of pharmaceuticals, reagents, and consumables. Obsolete or excess inventories are reflected at their estimated realizable values. Net realizable value is the estimated sales revenue for a normal period of activity less expected selling costs. Allowances for excess and obsolete inventory are recognized for excess amounts, obsolescence and declines in net realizable value below cost. Estimation and judgment are required in determining the value of the allowance for excess and obsolete inventory at each statement of financial position date. Management specifically analyzes estimates of future demand for products when determining allowances for excess and obsolete inventory. Changes in these estimates could result in revisions to the valuation of inventory in future periods.

Property and Equipment—Property, equipment and improvements to leased premises are depreciated using the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the assets, or when applicable, the term of the lease, whichever is shorter. Major renewals or replacements that substantially extend the useful life of an asset are capitalized and depreciated. Property and equipment are depreciated using the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the assets, which are generally as follows:

Leasehold improvements	The shorter of the expected useful life of the improvement or the lease term
Computers and technological assets	3-5 years
Machinery and equipment	5 years
Furniture and fixtures	7 years

Assets acquired through finance lease arrangements or long-term rental arrangements that transfer substantially all the risks and rewards associated with ownership of the asset to the Company (as lessee) are capitalized.

Adoption of New Accounting Standards 

We have reviewed the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) accounting pronouncements and interpretations thereof that have effective dates during the periods reported and in future periods. The Company has carefully considered the new pronouncements that alter previous generally accepted accounting principles and does not believe that any new or modified principles will have a material impact on the Company’s reported financial position or operations in the near term. The applicability of any standard is subject to the formal review of our financial management and certain standards are under consideration.

The FASB issued several updates on Topic 606 “Revenue from Contracts with Customers”, including:

• ASU 2014-09, “Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606)”

• ASU 2016-08 “Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606): Principal versus Agent Considerations (Reporting Revenue Gross versus Net).”

• ASU 2016-10, “Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606): Identifying Performance Obligations and Licensing.”

• ASU 2016-11, “Revenue Recognition (Topic 605) and Derivatives and Hedging (Topic 815): Rescission of SEC Guidance Because of Accounting Standards Updates 2014-09 and 2014-16 Pursuant to Staff Announcements at the March 3, 2016 EITF (Emerging Issue Task Force) Meeting.”

• ASU 2016-12, “Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606): Narrow-Scope Improvements and Practical Expedients.”

• ASU 2016-20, “Technical Corrections and Improvements to Topic 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers.”

• ASU 2017-13, “Revenue Recognition (Topic 605), Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606), Leases (Topic 840) and Leases (Topic 842). Amendments to SEC Paragraphs Pursuant to the Staff Announcement at the July 20, 2017 EITF Meeting and Rescission of Prior SEC Staff Announcements and Observer Comments.”

The standards provide companies with a single model for use in accounting for revenue arising from contracts with customers that supersedes current revenue recognition guidance, including industry-specific revenue guidance. The core principle of the model is to recognize revenue when control of the goods or services transfers to the customer, as opposed to recognizing revenue when the risks and rewards transfer to the customer under the existing revenue guidance. The guidance permits companies to either apply the requirements retrospectively to all prior periods presented, or apply the requirements in the year of adoption, through a cumulative adjustment. The guidance is effective for fiscal years, and interim periods within those fiscal years, beginning after December 15, 2017. The guidance was adopted as of August 1, 2018. The Company performed a cumulative adjustment and found that the adoption did not have a material effect on the Company’s consolidated financial statements and related disclosures.

In January 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-01, Financial Instruments—Overall: Recognition and Measurement of Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities (“ASU 2016-01”). This standard affects the accounting for equity instruments, financial liabilities under the fair value option and the presentation and disclosure requirements of financial instruments. In February 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-03, “Technical Corrections and Improvements to Financial Instruments (Subtopic 825-10) – Recognition and Measurement of Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities”. This update was issued to clarify certain narrow aspects of guidance concerning the recognition of financial assets and liabilities established in ASU No. 2016-01, “Financial Instruments—Overall (Subtopic 825-10): Recognition and Measurement of Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities”. This includes an amendment to clarify that an entity measuring an equity security using the measurement alternative may change its measurement approach to a fair valuation method in accordance with Topic 820, Fair Value Measurement, through an irrevocable election that would apply to that security and all identical or similar investments of the same issued. The update is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2017 and interim periods within those fiscal years beginning after June 15, 2018. The guidance was adopted as of August 1, 2018 and did not have a material effect on the Company’s consolidated financial statements and related disclosures.

In August 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-15, Statement of Cash Flows (Topic 230): Classification of Certain Cash Receipts and Cash Payments (“ASU 2016-15”). ASU 2016-15 addresses eight specific cash flow issues with the objective of reducing diversity in practice regarding how certain cash receipts and cash payments are presented in the statement of cash flows. The standard provides guidance on the classification of the following items: (1) debt prepayment or debt extinguishment costs, (2) settlement of zero-coupon debt instruments, (3) contingent consideration payments made after a business combination, (4) proceeds from the settlement of insurance claims, (5) proceeds from the settlement of corporate-owned life insurance policies, (6) distributions received from equity method investments, (7) beneficial interests in securitization transactions, and (8) separately identifiable cash flows. The Company is required to adopt ASU 2016-15 for fiscal years, and for interim periods within those fiscal years, beginning after December 15, 2017 on a retrospective basis. The guidance was adopted as of August 1, 2018 and did not have a material effect on the Company’s consolidated financial statements and related disclosures.

In November 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-18, Statement of Cash Flows (Topic 230): Restricted Cash, which requires that a statement of cash flows should include the total of cash, cash equivalents, and amounts generally described as restricted cash or restricted cash equivalents when reconciling the beginning-of-period and end-of-period total amounts. The update is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2017. The guidance was adopted as of August 1, 2018 and did not have a material effect on the Company’s consolidated financial statements and related disclosures.

In January 2017, the FASB issued ASU 2017-01, “Business Combinations (Topic 805): Clarifying the Definition of a Business.” These amendments clarify the definition of a business. The amendments affect all companies and other reporting organizations that must determine whether they have acquired or sold a business. The definition of a business affects many areas of accounting including acquisitions, disposals, goodwill, and consolidation. The amendments are intended to help companies and other organizations evaluate whether transactions should be accounted for as acquisitions (or disposals) of assets or businesses. This update is effective for fiscal years, and interim periods within those fiscal years, beginning after December 15, 2017. The guidance was adopted as of August 1, 2018 and did not have a material effect on the Company’s consolidated financial statements and related disclosures.

In May 2017, the FASB issued ASU 2017-09, “Compensation-Stock Compensation” (Topic 718): Scope of Modification Accounting. The amendments provide guidance on determining which changes to the terms and conditions of share-based payment awards require an entity to apply modification accounting under Topic 718 Compensation-Stock Compensation. An entity should account for the effects of a modification unless all the following are met: 1. The fair value (or calculated value or intrinsic value, if such an alternative measurement method is used) of the modified award is the same as the fair value (or calculated value or intrinsic value, if such an alternative measurement method is used) of the original award immediately before the original award is modified. If the modification does not affect any of the inputs to the valuation technique that the entity uses to value the award, the entity is not required to estimate the value immediately before and after the modification. 2. The vesting conditions of the modified award are the same as the vesting conditions of the original award immediately before the original award is modified. 3. The classification of the modified award as an equity instrument or a liability instrument is the same as the classification of the original award immediately before the original award is modified. The ASU is effective for all entities for annual periods, including interim periods within those annual periods, beginning after December 15, 2017. The guidance was adopted as of August 1, 2018 and did not have a material effect on the Company’s consolidated financial statements and related disclosures.

Recently Issued Accounting Standards

In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-02, Leases (“ASU 2016-02”). In January 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-01, which provides additional implementation guidance on the previously issued ASU 2016-02. Under the new guidance, lessees will be required to recognize the following for all leases (with the exception of short-term leases) at the commencement date: (1) a lease liability, which is a lessee's obligation to make lease payments arising from a lease, measured on a discounted basis; and (2) a right-of-use asset, which is an asset that represents the lessee's right to use, or control the use of, a specified asset for the lease term. The Company is required to adopt ASU 2016-02 for fiscal years, and for interim periods within those fiscal years, beginning after December 15, 2018. The Company does not plan to elect early adoption for this pronouncement.

In January 2017, the FASB issued ASU 2017-04, Simplifying the Test for Goodwill Impairment (Topic 350), which eliminates Step 2 from the goodwill impairment test. Instead, an entity should perform its annual or interim goodwill impairment test by comparing the fair value of a reporting unit with its carrying amount and recognize an impairment charge for the amount by which the carrying amount exceeds the reporting unit's fair value, not to exceed the total amount of goodwill allocated to the reporting unit. The Company will adopt the standard effective October 1, 2020. The Company is evaluating the effect that ASU 2017-04 will have on its consolidated financial statements.

In July 2017, the FASB issued ASU 2017-11, Earnings Per Share (Topic 260), Distinguishing Liabilities from Equity (Topic 480) and Derivatives and Hedging (Topic 815): I. Accounting for Certain Financial Instruments with Down Round Features; II. Replacement of the Indefinite Deferral for Mandatorily Redeemable Financial Instruments of Certain Nonpublic Entities and Certain Mandatorily Redeemable Non-controlling Interests with a Scope Exception. Part I of this update addresses the complexity of accounting for certain financial instruments with down round features. Down round features are features of certain equity-linked instruments (or embedded features) that result in the strike price being reduced on the basis of the pricing of future equity offerings. Current accounting guidance creates cost and complexity for entities that issue financial instruments (such as warrants and convertible instruments) with down round features that require fair value measurement of the entire instrument or conversion option. Part II of this update addresses the difficulty of navigating Topic 480, Distinguishing Liabilities from Equity, because of the existence of extensive pending content in the FASB Accounting Standards Codification. This pending content is the result of the indefinite deferral of accounting requirements about mandatorily redeemable financial instruments of certain nonpublic entities and certain mandatorily redeemable non-controlling interests. The amendments in Part II of this update do not have an accounting effect. This ASU is effective for interim and annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2018. Early adoption is permitted, including adoption in an interim period. The Company is evaluating the effect that ASU 2017-11 will have on its consolidated financial statements.

In February 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-02, Income Statement – Reporting Comprehensive Income (Topic 220): Reclassification of Certain Tax Effects from Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income, which was issued to address the income tax accounting treatment of the stranded tax effects within other comprehensive income due to the prohibition of backward tracing due to an income tax rate change that was initially recorded in other comprehensive income. This issue came about from the enactment of the TCJA on December 22, 2017 that changed the Company’s federal income tax rate from 35% to 21%. The ASU changed current accounting whereby an entity may elect to reclassify the stranded tax effect from accumulated other comprehensive income to retained earnings. The amendments in this ASU are effective for interim and annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2018. Early adoption is permitted, including adoption in an interim period. Adoption of this ASU is to be applied either in the period of adoption or retrospectively to each period in which the effect of the change in the tax laws or rates were recognized. The Company is currently evaluating the impact, if any, ASU 2018-02 will have on its financial position, results of operations, and its consolidated financial statement disclosures. The Company’s evaluation process includes, but is not limited to, identifying transactions and accounts within the scope of the guidance, reviewing its accounting and disclosures for these transactions and accounts, and identifying and implementing any necessary changes to its accounting and disclosures as a result of the guidance. The Company is evaluating the effect that ASU 2018-02 will have on its consolidated financial statements.

In August 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-13, “Fair Value Measurement (Topic 820): Disclosure Framework-Changes to the Disclosure Requirements for Fair Value Measurement”, which adds disclosure requirements to Topic 820 for the range and weighted average of significant unobservable inputs used to develop Level 3 fair value measurements. This ASU is effective for interim and annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2019. The Company is evaluating the effect that ASU 2018-13 will have on its consolidated financial statements.