GOODWILL AND OTHER ACQUIRED INTANGIBLE ASSETS (Tables)

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2022

Goodwill and Intangible Assets Disclosure [Abstract]

The following table summarizes the activity in goodwill for the periods indicated:


	Three Months Ended March 31, 2022
	MIS						MA						Consolidated
	Gross goodwill		Accumulated impairment charge		Net goodwill		Gross goodwill		Accumulated impairment charge		Net goodwill		Gross goodwill		Accumulated impairment charge		Net goodwill
Balance at beginning of year	$	396	$	—	$	396	$	5,615	$	(12)	$	5,603	$	6,011	$	(12)	$	5,999
Additions/ adjustments (1)	—		—		—		107		—		107		107		—		107
Foreign currency translation adjustments	(1)		—		(1)		(66)		—		(66)		(67)		—		(67)

Ending balance	$	395	$	—	$	395	$	5,656	$	(12)	$	5,644	$	6,051	$	(12)	$	6,039


	Year Ended December 31, 2021
	MIS						MA						Consolidated
	Gross goodwill		Accumulated impairment charge		Net goodwill		Gross goodwill		Accumulated impairment charge		Net goodwill		Gross goodwill		Accumulated impairment charge		Net goodwill
Balance at beginning of year	$	311	$	—	$	311	$	4,257	$	(12)	$	4,245	$	4,568	$	(12)	$	4,556
Additions/ adjustments (2)	90		—		90		1,525		—		1,525		1,615		—		1,615
Foreign currency translation adjustments	(5)		—		(5)		(167)		—		(167)		(172)		—		(172)

Ending balance	$	396	$	—	$	396	$	5,615	$	(12)	$	5,603	$	6,011	$	(12)	$	5,999

(1) The 2022 additions/adjustments for the MA segment in the table above primarily relate to the acquisition of kompany.

(2) The 2021 additions/adjustments for the MA segment in the table above relate to the acquisitions of Cortera, RMS, RealXData, Bogard, and PassFort. The 2021 additions/adjustments for the MIS segment relate to certain revenue synergies from the RMS acquisition that are expected to benefit the ESG solutions group within the MIS Other LOB.

Acquired Intangible Assets and Related Amortization

Acquired intangible assets and related amortization consisted of:


	March 31, 2022		December 31, 2021
Customer relationships	$	2,085	$	2,101
Accumulated amortization	(400)		(381)
Net customer relationships	1,685		1,720
Software/product technology	679		663
Accumulated amortization	(233)		(219)
Net software/product technology	446		444
Database	179		179
Accumulated amortization	(51)		(46)
Net database	128		133
Trade names	205		207
Accumulated amortization	(51)		(47)
Net trade names	154		160
Other (1)	54		54
Accumulated amortization	(45)		(44)
Net other	9		10
Total acquired intangible assets, net	$	2,422	$	2,467

(1) Other intangible assets primarily consist of trade secrets, covenants not to compete, and acquired ratings methodologies and models.

Amortization Expense Relating to Acquired Intangible Assets

Amortization expense relating to acquired intangible assets is as follows:


	Three Months Ended March 31,
		2022		2021
Amortization expense		$	51	$	35

Estimated Future Amortization Expense for Acquired Intangible Assets Subject to Amortization

Estimated future amortization expense for acquired intangible assets subject to amortization is as follows:


Year Ending December 31,
2022 (After March 31,)	$	147
2023	191
2024	190
2025	180
2026	178
Thereafter	1,536
Total estimated future amortization	$	2,422