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GOODWILL AND OTHER ACQUIRED INTANGIBLE ASSETS (Tables)
 12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2021
Goodwill and Intangible Assets Disclosure [Abstract]  
Activity in Goodwill The following table summarizes the activity in goodwill:
Year Ended December 31, 2021
MISMAConsolidated
Gross
goodwill		Accumulated
impairment
charge		Net
goodwill		Gross
goodwill		Accumulated
impairment
charge		Net
goodwill		Gross
goodwill		Accumulated
impairment
charge		Net
goodwill
Balance at beginning of year$311 $— $311 $4,257 $(12)$4,245 $4,568 $(12)$4,556 
Additions/
adjustments (1)
90 — 90 1,525 — 1,525 1,615 — 1,615 
Foreign currency translation adjustments(5)— (5)(167)— (167)(172)— (172)
Ending Balance$396 $— $396 $5,615 $(12)$5,603 $6,011 $(12)$5,999 
Year Ended December 31, 2020
MISMAConsolidated
Gross
goodwill		Accumulated
impairment
charge		Net
goodwill		Gross
goodwill		Accumulated
impairment
charge		Net
goodwill		Gross
goodwill		Accumulated
impairment
charge		Net
goodwill
Balance at beginning of year$315 $— $315 $3,419 $(12)$3,407 $3,734 $(12)$3,722 
Additions/
adjustments (2)
(2)— (2)628 — 628 626 — 626 
Foreign currency translation adjustments(2)— (2)210 — 210 208 — 208 
Ending balance$311 $— $311 $4,257 $(12)$4,245 $4,568 $(12)$4,556 
(1) The 2021 additions/adjustments for the MA segment in the table above relate to the acquisitions of Cortera, RMS, RealXData, Bogard, and PassFort. The 2021 additions/adjustments for the MIS segment relate to certain revenue synergies from the RMS acquisition that are expected to benefit the ESG solutions group within the MIS Other LOB.
(2) The 2020 additions/adjustments for the MA segment in the table above relate to the acquisitions of RDC, AM, ZMFS, and Catylist.
Acquired Intangible Assets and Related Amortization
Acquired intangible assets and related accumulated amortization consisted of:
December 31,
20212020
Customer relationships$2,101 $1,623 
Accumulated amortization(381)(313)
Net customer relationships1,720 1,310 
Software/product technology663 441 
Accumulated amortization(219)(177)
Net software/product technology444 264 
Database179 144 
Accumulated amortization(46)(29)
Net database133 115 
Trade names207 161 
Accumulated amortization(47)(38)
Net trade names160 123 
Other (1)
54 55 
Accumulated amortization(44)(43)
Net other10 12 
Total$2,467 $1,824 
(1)Other intangible assets primarily consist of trade secrets, covenants not to compete, and acquired ratings methodologies and models.
Amortization Expense Relating to Acquired Intangible Assets Amortization expense relating to acquired intangible assets is as follows:
Year Ended December 31,
202120202019
Amortization expense$158 $124 $103 
Estimated Future Amortization Expense for Acquired Intangible Assets Subject to Amortization Estimated future annual amortization expense for intangible assets subject to amortization is as follows:
Year Ending December 31,
2022$191 
2023189 
2024185 
2025180 
2026177 
Thereafter1,545 
Total estimated future amortization$2,467