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GOODWILL AND OTHER ACQUIRED INTANGIBLE ASSETS
 6 Months Ended
Jun. 30, 2021
Goodwill and Intangible Assets Disclosure [Abstract]  
GOODWILL AND OTHER ACQUIRED INTANGIBLE ASSETS GOODWILL AND OTHER ACQUIRED INTANGIBLE ASSETS
The following table summarizes the activity in goodwill for the periods indicated:
Six Months Ended June 30, 2021
MISMAConsolidated
Gross goodwillAccumulated impairment
charge		Net
goodwill		Gross goodwillAccumulated
impairment
charge		Net
goodwill		Gross goodwillAccumulated
impairment
charge		Net
goodwill
Balance at beginning
of year		$311 $— $311 $4,257 $(12)$4,245 $4,568 $(12)$4,556 
Additions/
adjustments (1)
— — — 95 — 95 95 — 95 
Foreign currency translation adjustments1 — 1 (62)— (62)(61)— (61)
Ending balance$312 $— $312 $4,290 $(12)$4,278 $4,602 $(12)$4,590 
Year Ended December 31, 2020
MISMAConsolidated
Gross goodwill
Accumulated impairment
charge
Net
goodwill
Gross goodwill
Accumulated
impairment
charge
Net
goodwill
Gross goodwill
Accumulated
impairment
charge
Net
goodwill
Balance at beginning
of year		$315 $— $315 $3,419 $(12)$3,407 $3,734 $(12)$3,722 
Additions/
adjustments (2)
(2)— (2)628 — 628 626 — 626 
Foreign currency translation
adjustments		(2)— (2)210 — 210 208 — 208 
Ending balance$311 $— $311 $4,257 $(12)$4,245 $4,568 $(12)$4,556 
(1) The 2021 additions/adjustments for the MA segment in the table above relate to the acquisition of Cortera.
(2) The 2020 additions/adjustments for the MA segment in the table above relate to the acquisitions of RDC, AM, ZMFS, and Catylist.
Acquired intangible assets and related amortization consisted of:
June 30,
2021		December 31,
2020
Customer relationships$1,611 $1,623 
Accumulated amortization(347)(313)
Net customer relationships1,264 1,310 
Software/product technology442 441 
Accumulated amortization(195)(177)
Net software/product technology247 264 
Database181 144 
Accumulated amortization(37)(29)
Net database144 115 
Trade names160 161 
Accumulated amortization(42)(38)
Net trade names118 123 
Other (1)
54 55 
Accumulated amortization(43)(43)
Net other11 12 
Total acquired intangible assets, net$1,784 $1,824 
(1) Other intangible assets primarily consist of trade secrets, covenants not to compete, and acquired ratings methodologies and models.
Amortization expense relating to acquired intangible assets is as follows:
Three Months Ended
June 30,		Six Months Ended
June 30,
2021202020212020
Amortization expense
$36 $31 $71 $59 
Estimated future amortization expense for acquired intangible assets subject to amortization is as follows:
Year Ending December 31,
2021 (After June 30,)
$63 
2022133 
2023129 
2024125 
2025121 
Thereafter1,213 
Total estimated future amortization$1,784 
Matters concerning the ICRA reporting unit
ICRA has reported various matters relating to: (i) an adjudication order and fine imposed by the Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI) in connection with credit ratings assigned to one of ICRA’s customers and the customer’s subsidiaries, which are being appealed by ICRA; (ii) an increase in the original fine, which also is being appealed by ICRA; (iii) the completion of internal examinations regarding various anonymous complaints; and (iv) actions taken by ICRA’s board based on the examinations’ findings. As of the date of this quarterly report on Form 10-Q, the Company is unable to estimate the financial impact, if any, that may result from a potential unfavorable conclusion of these matters or any other ICRA inquiry. An unfavorable resolution of such matters may negatively impact ICRA’s future operating results, which could result in an impairment of goodwill and amortizable intangible assets in future quarters.