GOODWILL AND OTHER ACQUIRED INTANGIBLE ASSETS (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2020

Goodwill and Intangible Assets Disclosure [Abstract]

Activity in Goodwill

The following table summarizes the activity in goodwill for the periods indicated:

	Nine Months Ended September 30, 2020
	MIS						MA						Consolidated
	Gross goodwill		Accumulated impairment charge		Net goodwill		Gross goodwill		Accumulated impairment charge		Net goodwill		Gross goodwill		Accumulated impairment charge		Net goodwill
Balance at beginning of year	$	315	$	—	$	315	$	3,419	$	(12)	$	3,407	$	3,734	$	(12)	$	3,722
Additions/ adjustments (1)	(2)		—		(2)		497		—		497		495		—		495
Foreign currency translation adjustments	(11)		—		(11)		76		—		76		65		—		65
Ending balance	$	302	$	—	$	302	$	3,992	$	(12)	$	3,980	$	4,294	$	(12)	$	4,282

	Year Ended December 31, 2019
	MIS						MA						Consolidated
	Gross goodwill		Accumulated impairment charge		Net goodwill		Gross goodwill		Accumulated impairment charge		Net goodwill		Gross goodwill		Accumulated impairment charge		Net goodwill
Balance at beginning of year	$	258	$	—	$	258	$	3,535	$	(12)	$	3,523	$	3,793	$	(12)	$	3,781
Additions/ adjustments (2)	53		—		53		61		—		61		114		—		114
Foreign currency translation adjustments	4		—		4		(14)		—		(14)		(10)		—		(10)
Divestiture of MAKS	—		—		—		(163)		—		(163)		(163)		—		(163)
Ending balance	$	315	$	—	$	315	$	3,419	$	(12)	$	3,407	$	3,734	$	(12)	$	3,722

(1) The 2020 additions/adjustments for the MA segment in the table above primarily relate to the acquisitions of RDC and RBA.

(2) The 2019 additions/adjustments for the MIS segment in the table above relate to the acquisitions of Vigeo Eiris and Four Twenty Seven. The 2019 additions/adjustments for the MA segment in the table above relate to the acquisition of RiskFirst and ABS Suite.

Acquired Intangible Assets and Related Amortization

Acquired intangible assets and related amortization consisted of:

	September 30, 2020		December 31, 2019
Customer relationships	$	1,524	$	1,325
Accumulated amortization	(287)		(235)
Net customer relationships	1,237		1,090
Trade secrets	30		30
Accumulated amortization	(29)		(29)
Net trade secrets	1		1
Software/product technology	378		372
Accumulated amortization	(152)		(131)
Net software/product technology	226		241
Trade names	152		150
Accumulated amortization	(35)		(30)
Net trade names	117		120
Other (1)	182		80
Accumulated amortization	(46)		(34)
Net other	136		46
Total acquired intangible assets, net	$	1,717	$	1,498

(1) Other intangible assets primarily consist of databases, covenants not to compete, and acquired ratings methodologies and models.

Amortization Expense Relating to Acquired Intangible Assets

Amortization expense relating to acquired intangible assets is as follows:

	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2020		2019		2020		2019
Amortization expense	$	31	$	24	$	90	$	77

Estimated Future Amortization Expense for Acquired Intangible Assets Subject to Amortization

Estimated future amortization expense for acquired intangible assets subject to amortization is as follows:

Year Ending December 31,
2020 (After September 30,)	$	31
2021	121
2022	120
2023	116
2024	108
Thereafter	1,221
Total estimated future amortization	$	1,717