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Stock-Based Compensation (Tables)
3 Months Ended
Mar. 31, 2020
Share-based Payment Arrangement, Noncash Expense [Abstract]  
Stock-Based Compensation Cost and Associated Tax Benefit
Presented below is a summary of the stock-based compensation cost and associated tax benefit included in the accompanying consolidated statements of operations:

Three Months Ended
March 31,
20202019
Stock-based compensation cost
$37  $36  
Tax benefit
$ $ 
Weighted Average Assumptions used in Determining Fair Value for Options Granted
The following weighted average assumptions were used in determining the fair value for options granted in 2020:
Expected dividend yield
0.80 %
Expected stock volatility
22.43 %
Risk-free interest rate
1.45 %
Expected holding period
5.7 years
Stock Option Exercises and Restricted Stock Vesting
The following tables summarize information relating to stock option exercises and restricted stock vesting:
Three Months Ended
March 31,
2020
2019
Exercise of stock options:
Proceeds from stock option exercises
$13  $12  
Aggregate intrinsic value
$46  $36  
Tax benefit realized upon exercise
$11  $ 
Number of shares exercised
0.2  0.3  
Vesting of restricted stock:
Fair value of shares vested
$191  $147  
Tax benefit realized upon vesting
$44  $34  
Number of shares vested
0.8  0.8  
Vesting of performance-based restricted stock:
Fair value of shares vested
$70  $48  
Tax benefit realized upon vesting
$17  $12  
Number of shares vested
0.3  0.3