GOODWILL AND OTHER ACQUIRED INTANGIBLE ASSETS (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2019

Goodwill and Intangible Assets Disclosure [Abstract]

The following table summarizes the activity in goodwill:


	Year Ended December 31, 2019
	MIS										MA								Consolidated
	Gross goodwill		Accumulated impairment charge		Net goodwill		Gross goodwill		Accumulated impairment charge		Net goodwill		Gross goodwill		Accumulated impairment charge		Net goodwill
Balance at beginning of year	$	258	$	—	$	258	$	3,535	$	(12)	$	3,523	$	3,793	$	(12)	$	3,781
Additions/ adjustments⁽¹⁾	53		—		53		61		—		61		114		—		114
Foreign currency translation adjustments	4		—		4		(14)		—		(14)		(10)		—		(10)
Divestiture of MAKS (See Note 10)	—		—		—		(163)		—		(163)		(163)		—		(163)
Ending balance	$	315	$	—	$	315	$	3,419	$	(12)	$	3,407	$	3,734	$	(12)	$	3,722


	Year Ended December 31, 2018
	MIS										MA								Consolidated
	Gross goodwill		Accumulated impairment charge		Net goodwill		Gross goodwill		Accumulated impairment charge		Net goodwill		Gross goodwill		Accumulated impairment charge		Net goodwill
Balance at beginning of year	$	285	$	—	$	285	$	3,480	$	(12)	$	3,468	$	3,765	$	(12)	$	3,753
Additions/ adjustments ⁽²⁾	—		—		—		211		—		211		211		—		211
Foreign currency translation adjustments	(27)		—		(27)		(156)		—		(156)		(183)		—		(183)
Ending balance	$	258	$	—	$	258	$	3,535	$	(12)	$	3,523	$	3,793	$	(12)	$	3,781

⁽¹⁾The 2019 additions/adjustments for the MIS segment in the table above relate to the acquisitions of Vigeo Eiris and Four Twenty Seven. The 2019 additions/adjustments for the MA segment in the table above relate to the acquisitions of RiskFirst and ABS Suite.

⁽²⁾The 2018 additions/adjustments for the MA segment in the table above primarily relate to the acquisitions of Reis and Omega Performance.

Acquired Intangible Assets and Related Amortization

Acquired intangible assets and related amortization consisted of:


	December 31,
	2019		2018
Customer relationships	$	1,325	$	1,368
Accumulated amortization	(235)		(214)
Net customer relationships	1,090		1,154
Trade secrets	30		30
Accumulated amortization	(29)		(28)
Net trade secrets	1		2
Software/product technology	372		353
Accumulated amortization	(131)		(102)
Net software/product technology	241		251
Trade names	150		155
Accumulated amortization	(30)		(34)
Net trade names	120		121
Other⁽¹⁾	80		70
Accumulated amortization	(34)		(32)
Net other	46		38
Total	$	1,498	$	1,566

⁽¹⁾Other intangible assets primarily consist of databases, covenants not to compete, and acquired ratings methodologies and models.

Amortization Expense Relating to Acquired Intangible Assets

Amortization expense relating to acquired intangible assets is as follows:


	Year Ended December 31,
	2019		2018		2017
Amortization expense	$	103	$	102	$	61

Estimated Future Amortization Expense for Acquired Intangible Assets Subject to Amortization

Estimated future annual amortization expense for intangible assets subject to amortization is as follows:


Year Ending December 31,
2020	$	99
2021	99
2022	99
2023	96
2024	94
Thereafter	1,011
Total estimated future amortization	$	1,498