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Income Taxes
9 Months Ended
Sep. 30, 2017
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]  
Income Taxes
Income Taxes
 
For the three months ended September 30, 2017, the Company recognized an income tax expense of $7.3 million on pre-tax earnings of $19.3 million compared to $5.1 million income tax expense on pre-tax earnings of $12.8 million for the three months ended September 30, 2016. For the nine months ended September 30, 2017, the Company recognized income tax expense of $21.3 million on pre-tax earnings of $57.3 million compared to income tax expense of $10.9 million on pre-tax earnings of $26.6 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2016. The effective tax rate was approximately was 37.2% for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 compared to approximately 41.0% for the nine months ended September 30, 2016. The effective tax rate for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 was lower than the nine months ended September 30, 2016 primarily due to additional 2017 year-to-date federal employer income tax credits recognized ($0.5 million) and the adoption of ASU 2016-09 and the related excess tax benefits now recognized as a reduction of income tax expense ($0.7 million).
 
As of September 30, 2017, the Company has not identified any uncertain tax positions that would have a material impact on the Company’s financial position. The Company recognizes potential interest and penalties related to uncertain tax positions, if any, in income tax expense.
 
The tax years that remain subject to examination for the Company’s major tax jurisdictions at September 30, 2017 are shown below:
 
2014 – 2016         United States — federal income tax
2007 – 2016         United States — state and local income tax
2013 – 2016         Canada and Puerto Rico

Adoption of ASU 2016-09

Refer to Note 1. Significant Accounting Policies and Practices for the impact of adopting ASU 2016-09 on the Company's stock-based compensation, income taxes, and net income per common share.