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Income Taxes
3 Months Ended
Mar. 31, 2017
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]  
Income Taxes
Income Taxes
 
For the three months ended March 31, 2017, the Company recognized an income tax expense of $3.3 million on pre-tax earnings of $10.0 million compared to $0.9 million income tax expense on pre-tax earnings of $1.5 million for the three months ended March 31, 2016. The effective tax rate for the three months ended March 31, 2017 was 33.4% compared to 58.0% for the three months ended March 31, 2016. The effective tax rate for the three months ended March 31, 2017 was lower than the expected statutory tax rate due to the adoption of ASU 2016-09 and the related excess tax benefits now recognized as a reduction of income tax expense ($0.5 million) and a reduction of income tax expense related to the benefit realized on the settlement of certain income tax related matters with a local tax jurisdiction ($0.2 million).The effective tax rate for the three months ended March 31, 2016 was higher than the expected statutory tax rate due to a write-off of a deferred tax asset ($0.2 million) for certain state net operating losses.
 
As of March 31, 2017, the Company has not identified any uncertain tax positions that would have a material impact on the Company’s financial position. The Company recognizes potential interest and penalties related to uncertain tax positions, if any, in income tax expense.
 
The tax years that remain subject to examination for the Company’s major tax jurisdictions at March 31, 2017 are shown below:
 
2013 – 2016         United States — federal income tax
2007 – 2016         United States — state and local income tax
2012 – 2016         Canada and Puerto Rico

Adoption of ASU 2016-09
 
Refer to Note 1. Significant Accounting Policies and Practices for the impact of adopting ASU 2016-09 on the Company's stock-based compensation, income taxes, and net income per common share.