Goodwill

The amounts for goodwill and changes to carrying value by operating segment are as follows (unaudited):



(millions)	Region One		Region Two		Region Three		Total
Balance as of December 31, 2015 (1)	$	337.5	$	62.7	$	31.1	$	431.3
Foreign currency translation	0.2		—		—		0.2
Balance as of September 30, 2016	$	337.7	$	62.7	$	31.1	$	431.5

(1) Due to the new segment reporting effective as of January 1, 2016, goodwill allocated to previous reporting units of Region One, Region Two, and Region Three have been aggregated into a single reporting unit, Region One. See also Note 13. Business Unit Segment Information for further discussion on certain organizational and executive leadership changes.

The Company tests goodwill at least annually for impairment (the Company has elected to annually test for potential impairment of goodwill on the first day of the fourth quarter) and tests more frequently if indicators are present or changes in circumstances suggest that impairment may exist. The indicators include, among others, declines in sales, earnings or cash flows or the development of a material adverse change in business climate. The Company assesses goodwill for impairment at the reporting unit level, which is defined as an operating segment or one level below an operating segment, referred to as a reporting unit.

Due to a change in the Company’s segment reporting effective January 1, 2016, the goodwill allocated to certain previous reporting units have been aggregated into a single reporting unit. See also Note 13. Business Unit Segment Information for further disclosure on the Company’s change in reporting segments effective January 1, 2016.

As a result of the change in internal reporting segment information, the Company completed a quantitative impairment analysis (Step One) for goodwill as of January 1, 2016, which was completed during the first quarter 2016, and concluded that the estimated fair values of each of the Company's reporting units exceeded its carrying amount of net assets assigned to that reporting unit as of January 1, 2016 and immediately prior to the reorganization and therefore no further testing was required (Step Two). In conducting the January 1, 2016 goodwill Step One analysis, the Company analyzed actual and projected growth trends of the reporting units, gross margin, operating expenses and Earnings Before Interest, Taxes, Depreciation and Amortization ("EBITDA") (which also includes forecasted five-year income statement and working capital projection, a market-based weighted average cost of capital and terminal values after five years). The Company also assesses critical areas that may impact its business including economic conditions, market related exposures, competition, changes in service offerings and changes in key personnel. As part of the January 1, 2016 goodwill assessment, the Company engaged a third-party to evaluate its reporting units' fair values. No impairment was recorded as a result of the goodwill impairment test performed.

The reporting units are reported as Region One (Urban), Region Two (Airport transportation) and Region Three (USA Parking reporting unit and event planning and transportation services reporting unit). For purposes of reportable segments, the goodwill in Region Three is attributable to USA Parking and event planning and transportation services reporting units.