10. Fair Value Measurement

Fair Value Measurements-Recurring Basis

In determining fair value, the Company uses various valuation approaches within the fair value measurement framework. Fair value measurements are determined based on the assumptions that market participants would use in pricing an asset or liability.

Applicable accounting literature establishes a hierarchy for inputs used in measuring fair value that maximizes the use of observable inputs and minimizes the use of unobservable inputs by requiring that the most observable inputs be used when available. The fair value hierarchy is based on observable or unobservable inputs to valuation techniques that are used to measure fair value. Observable inputs reflect assumptions market participants would use in pricing an asset or liability based on market data obtained from independent sources while unobservable inputs reflect a reporting entity's pricing based upon its own market assumptions. Applicable accounting literature defines levels within the hierarchy based on the reliability of inputs as follows:

•	Level 1: Inputs are quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities.
•	Level 2: Inputs are quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities in an active market, quoted prices for identical or similar assets or liabilities in markets that are not active, and inputs other than quoted prices that are observable and market-corroborated inputs, which are derived principally from or corroborated by observable market data.
•	Level 3: Inputs that are derived from valuation techniques in which one or more significant inputs or value drivers are unobservable.

The following table sets forth the Company's financial assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis and the basis of measurement at December 31, 2014 and 2013:

	Fair Value at December 31, 2014						Fair Value at December 31, 2013
	Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Level 1		Level 2		Level 3
Assets:
Other assets, net
Interest rate swap		—	$	551		—		—	$	824		—
Liabilities:
Accrued expenses
Contingent acquisition consideration		—		—	$	64		—		—	$	1,374
Other long term liabilities
Contingent acquisition consideration		—		—	$	208		—		—	$	163

We seek to minimize our risks from interest rate fluctuations through the use of interest rate swap contracts and hedge only exposures in the ordinary course of business. Interest rate swaps are used to manage interest rate risk associated with our floating rate debt. We account for our derivative instruments at fair value provided we meet certain documentary and analytical requirements to qualify for hedge accounting treatment. Hedge accounting creates the potential for a Consolidated Statement of Operations match between the changes in fair values of derivatives and the changes in cost of the associated underlying transactions, in this case interest expense. Derivatives held by us are designated as hedges of specific exposures at inception, with an expectation that changes in the fair value will essentially offset the change in the underlying exposure. Discontinuance of hedge accounting is required whenever it is subsequently determined that an underlying transaction is not going to occur, with any gains or losses recognized in the Consolidated Statement of Operations at such time, with any subsequent changes in fair value recognized currently in earnings. Fair values of derivatives are determined based on quoted prices for similar contracts. The effective portion of the change in fair value of the interest rate swap is reported in accumulated other comprehensive income, a component of stockholders' equity, and is being recognized as an adjustment to interest expense or other (expense) income, respectively, over the same period the related expenses are recognized in earnings. Ineffectiveness would occur when changes in the market value of the hedged transactions are not completely offset by changes in the market value of the derivative and those related gains and losses on derivatives representing hedge ineffectiveness or hedge components excluded from the assessment of effectiveness are recognized currently in earnings when incurred. No ineffectiveness was recognized during 2014, 2013 or 2012.

The significant inputs used to derive the fair value of the contingent acquisition consideration include financial forecasts of future operating results, the probability of reaching the forecast and the associated discount rate. The weighted average probability of the contingent acquisition consideration ranges from 25% to 32%, with a weighted average discount rate of 12%.

The following table provides a reconciliation of the beginning and ending balances for the contingent consideration liability measured at fair value using significant unobservable inputs (Level 3):

	Due to Seller
Balance at December 31, 2011	$	(6,498	)
Increase related to new acquisitions		—
Payment of contingent consideration		2,202
Change in fair value		972

Balance at December 31, 2012		(3,324	)
Increase related to new acquisitions		—
Payment of contingent consideration		896
Change in fair value		891

Balance at December 31, 2013		(1,537	)
Increase related to new acquisitions		(45	)
Payment of contingent consideration		1,812
Change in fair value		(502	)

Balance at December 31, 2014	$	(272	)

For the year ended December 31, 2014, the Company recognized an expense of $502 in General and administrative expenses within the consolidated statement of income due to the change in fair value measurements using a level three valuation technique. For the years ended December 31, 2013 and 2012, the Company recognized a benefit of $891 and $972, respectively, in general and administrative expenses due to the change in fair value measurements using a level three valuation technique. These adjustments were the result of using revised forecasts to operating results, updates to the probability of achieving the revised forecasts and updated fair value measurements that revised the Company's contingent consideration obligations related to the purchase of these businesses.

Nonrecurring Fair Value Measurements

Certain assets are measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis; that is, the assets are measured at fair value on an ongoing basis but are subject to fair value adjustments only in certain circumstances (for example, when there is evidence of impairment). Non-financial assets such as goodwill, intangible assets, and leasehold improvements, equipment land and construction in progress are subsequently measured at fair value when there is an indicator of impairment and recorded at fair value only when an impairment is recognized. The Company assesses the impairment of intangible assets annually or whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of an intangible asset may not be recoverable. The fair value of its goodwill and intangible assets is not estimated if there is no change in events or circumstances that indicate the carrying amount of an intangible asset may not be recoverable. The Company has not recorded impairment charges related to its business acquisitions. The purchase price of business acquisitions is primarily allocated to the tangible and identifiable intangible assets acquired and liabilities assumed based on their estimated fair values on the acquisition dates, with the excess recorded as goodwill. The Company utilizes Level 3 inputs in the determination of the initial fair value.

Financial Instruments not Measured at Fair Value

The following table presents the carrying amounts and estimated fair values of financial instruments not measured at fair value in the Consolidated Balance Sheet at December 31, 2014 and 2013:

	2014						2013
	Carrying Amount			Fair Value			Carrying Amount			Fair Value
Cash and cash equivalents	$	18,196		$	18,196		$	23,158		$	23,158
Long-term debt—
Senior Credit Facility, net of discount		(251,010	)		(251,010	)		(286,672	)		(286,672	)
Other obligations	$	(2,390	)	$	(2,390	)	$	(1,994	)	$	(1,994	)

The carrying value of cash and cash equivalents approximates their fair value due to the short-term nature of these financial instruments and would be classified as a Level 1. The fair value of the Senior Credit Facility and Other obligations were estimated to not be materially different from the carrying amount and are generally measured using a discounted cash flow analysis based on current market interest rates for similar types of financial instruments and would be classified as a Level 2.