-----BEGIN PRIVACY-ENHANCED MESSAGE----- Proc-Type: 2001,MIC-CLEAR Originator-Name: webmaster@www.sec.gov Originator-Key-Asymmetric: MFgwCgYEVQgBAQICAf8DSgAwRwJAW2sNKK9AVtBzYZmr6aGjlWyK3XmZv3dTINen TWSM7vrzLADbmYQaionwg5sDW3P6oaM5D3tdezXMm7z1T+B+twIDAQAB MIC-Info: RSA-MD5,RSA, Upn8D3XN5R4KscRWJfJjM+LhCrKn2LpYPlsxnqozdVBwGkCQJknvDObGKIZuScGk aetP6DL4AL3NDFvkh+Bn1Q== 0000891618-00-002835.txt : 20000516 0000891618-00-002835.hdr.sgml : 20000516 ACCESSION NUMBER: 0000891618-00-002835 CONFORMED SUBMISSION TYPE: 10-Q PUBLIC DOCUMENT COUNT: 5 CONFORMED PERIOD OF REPORT: 20000331 FILED AS OF DATE: 20000515 FILER: COMPANY DATA: COMPANY CONFORMED NAME: IMMERSION CORP CENTRAL INDEX KEY: 0001058811 STANDARD INDUSTRIAL CLASSIFICATION: COMPUTER PERIPHERAL EQUIPMENT, NEC [3577] IRS NUMBER: 943180138 STATE OF INCORPORATION: DE FISCAL YEAR END: 1231 FILING VALUES: FORM TYPE: 10-Q SEC ACT: SEC FILE NUMBER: 000-27969 FILM NUMBER: 632571 BUSINESS ADDRESS: STREET 1: 2158 PARAGON DR CITY: SAN JOSE STATE: CA ZIP: 95131 BUSINESS PHONE: 4084671900 MAIL ADDRESS: STREET 1: 2158 PARAGON DR CITY: SAN JOSE STATE: CA ZIP: 95131 10-Q 1 FORM 10-Q FOR PERIOD ENDED 3/31/00 1 U.S. SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549 FORM 10-Q (MARK ONE) [X] QUARTERLY REPORT UNDER SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 For the quarter ended MARCH 31, 2000 [ ] TRANSITION REPORT UNDER SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 (no fee required) Commission file number 000-27969 IMMERSION CORPORATION -------------------------------------- (Name of small business issuer in its charter) DELAWARE 94-3180138 -------------------------------------------- --------------------- (State or other jurisdiction of incorporation (I.R.S. employer or organization) Identification No.) 2158 PARAGON DRIVE, SAN JOSE, CALIFORNIA 95131 -------------------------------------------- --------------------- (Address of principal executive offices) (Zip code) Issuer's telephone number: (408) 467-1900 Check whether the Issuer (1) filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Exchange Act during the past 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes [X] No [ ] Number of shares of Common Stock outstanding at May 5, 2000: 16,066,788 2 IMMERSION CORPORATION QUARTERLY REPORT ON FORM 10-Q TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page ---- PART I FINANCIAL INFORMATION Item 1. Financial Statements Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets (Unaudited) as of March 31, 2000 and December 31, 1999........................................................3 Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations (Unaudited) for the Three Months Ended March 31, 2000 and 1999.........................................4 Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows (Unaudited) for the Three Months Ended March 31, 2000 and 1999.........................................5 Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited).............6 Item 2. Management's Discussion and Analysis Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.......................................................11 Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risks.......................................................................22 PART II OTHER INFORMATION Item 6. Exhibits and Reports on Form 8-K............................................22 SIGNATURES..................................................................................23
3 PART I FINANCIAL INFORMATION ITEM 1. CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS IMMERSION CORPORATION CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS (In thousands, except share and per share amounts) (Unaudited)
ASSETS MARCH 31 DECEMBER 31 2000 1999 --------- ------------ Current assets: Cash and cash equivalents ............................................. $ 28,714 $ 46,527 Short-term investments ................................................ 20,212 4,781 Accounts receivable, net of allowances of $188 and $134 respectively .. 1,271 1,064 Inventories ........................................................... 683 660 Prepaid expenses and other assets ..................................... 1,447 1,057 -------- -------- Total current assets ......................................... 52,327 54,089 Property - net .......................................................... 899 591 Purchased intangibles and other assets .................................. 9,950 4,758 -------- -------- Total assets ............................................................ $ 63,176 $ 59,438 ======== ======== LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY Current liabilities: Accounts payable ...................................................... $ 960 $ 750 Accrued compensation .................................................. 503 180 Other accrued liabilities and income taxes payable .................... 1,091 505 Deferred revenue and customer advances ................................ 768 1,355 -------- -------- Total current liabilities .................................... 3,322 2,790 -------- -------- Stockholders' equity: Common stock - $0.001 par value; 100,000,000 shares authorized; shares issued and outstanding: 16,008,241 and 15,765,211 respectively ...... 76,702 65,554 Warrants .............................................................. 831 831 Deferred compensation ................................................. (6,494) (1,167) Accumulated other comprehensive loss .................................. (32) 19 Note receivable from stockholder ...................................... (17) (17) Accumulated deficit ................................................... (11,136) (8,572) -------- -------- Total stockholders' equity ................................... 59,854 56,648 -------- -------- Total liabilities and stockholders' equity .............................. $ 63,176 $ 59,438 ======== ========
See accompanying Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements. 4 IMMERSION CORPORATION CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS (In thousands, except per share amounts) (Unaudited)
QUARTER ENDED MARCH 31 ---------------------------- 2000 1999 ---------- ---------- Revenues: Royalty revenue ............................................. $ 884 $ 481 Product sales ............................................... 1,220 1,085 Development contracts and other ............................. 358 310 -------- -------- Total revenues ..................................... 2,462 1,876 Costs and expenses: Cost of product sales ....................................... 623 494 Sales and marketing ......................................... 1,528 187 Research and development .................................... 676 458 General and administrative .................................. 1,400 752 Amortization of intangibles and deferred stock compensation * 672 118 In-process research and development ......................... 887 1,190 -------- -------- Total costs and expenses ............................ 5,786 3,199 Operating loss ................................................ (3,324) (1,323) Interest and other income...................................... 760 40 -------- -------- Net loss ...................................................... (2,564) (1,283) Redeemable convertible preferred stock accretion .............. - 2 -------- -------- Net loss applicable to common stockholders .................... $ (2,564) $ (1,285) ======== ======== Basic and diluted net loss per share .......................... $ (0.16) $ (0.29) ======== ======== Shares used in calculating basic and diluted net loss per share 15,766 4,459 ======== ======== * Amortization of intangibles and deferred stock compensation Amortization of intangibles .............................. $ 408 $ 116 Deferred stock compensation - sales and marketing ........ 15 - Deferred stock compensation - research and development ... 168 - Deferred stock compensation - general and administrative . 81 2 -------- -------- Total ............................................... $ 672 $ 118 ======== ========
See accompanying Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements. 5 IMMERSION CORPORATION CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS (In thousands) (Unaudited)
QUARTER ENDED MARCH 31 ------------------------ 2000 1999 -------- -------- Cash flows from operating activities: Net loss ......................................................................... $ (2,564) $ (1,283) Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash used in operating activities: Depreciation and amortization .................................................. 74 40 Amortization of intangibles .................................................... 408 116 Amortization of deferred stock compensation .................................... 264 2 In-process research and development ............................................ 887 1,190 Stock and options issued for consulting services and other ..................... 10 40 Changes in assets and liabilities: Accounts receivable .......................................................... (140) 24 Inventories................................................................ (6) (200) Prepaid expenses and other assets ............................................ (300) 62 Accounts payable ............................................................. (144) (162) Accrued liabilities and income taxes payable ................................. 606 126 Deferred revenue and customer advances ....................................... (587) 7 -------- -------- Net cash used in operating activities ................................... (1,492) (38) -------- -------- Cash flows from investing activities: Purchases of short-term investments .............................................. (15,481) - Sales and maturities of short-term investments ................................... - 398 Purchase of property ............................................................. (292) (90) Purchases of patents and technology .............................................. - (370) Acquisitions, net of cash acquired ............................................... (581) - Other assets ..................................................................... - (23) -------- -------- Net cash used in investing activities ................................... (16,354) (85) -------- -------- Cash flows from financing activities: Exercise of stock options ........................................................ 33 - -------- -------- Net cash provided by financing activities ............................... 33 - -------- -------- Net decrease in cash and cash equivalents .......................................... (17,813) (123) Cash and cash equivalents: Beginning of the period .......................................................... 46,527 2,592 -------- -------- End of the period.................................................................. $ 28,714 $ 2,469 ======== ======== Supplemental disclosure of cash flow information : Cash paid for taxes ............................................................... $ 1 $ - ======== ======== Noncash activities: Change in net unrealized gains (losses) from short-term investments ............... $ (51) $ (1) ======== ======== Issuance of equity instruments for patents, technology and licenses ............... $ - $ 5,092 ======== ======== Issuance of equity instruments for acquisition .................................... $ 5,513 $ - ======== ======== Issuance of warrants .............................................................. $ - $ 808 ======== ======== Accretion of redeemable preferred stock ........................................... $ - $ 2 ======== ========
See accompanying Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements. 6 NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 1. SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES Basis of Presentation - The accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements reflect all the normal recurring adjustments which are, in the opinion of management, necessary to present fairly the condensed consolidated financial position at March 31, 2000 and the condensed consolidated statements of operations and cash flows for the three-month periods ended March 31, 2000 and March 31, 1999. The accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with the instructions for Form 10-Q and, therefore, do not include all information and footnotes necessary for a complete presentation of the financial position, results of operations, and cash flows, in conformity with generally accepted accounting principles. Immersion Corporation ("Immersion" or the "Company") filed audited consolidated financial statements which included all information and footnotes necessary for such presentation of the financial position, results of operations, and cash flows for the years ended December 31, 1999, 1998, and 1997 in the Company's 1999 Annual Report on Form 10-K. The results of operations for the interim period ended March 31, 2000, are not necessarily indicative of the results to be expected for the full year. Reclassifications - Certain prior year amounts have been reclassified to conform to the current year presentation. These reclassifications had no effect on net loss or stockholders' equity. 2. PURCHASED INTANGIBLES AND OTHER ASSETS In March 2000, the Company acquired all outstanding shares of Montreal-based Haptic Technologies Inc. ("Haptic") for approximately $6.8 million, consisting of 141,538 shares of the Company's common stock and $338,000 paid in cash. Haptic develops and markets hardware and software that brings the sense of touch to computing environments. As a result of the acquisition, Haptic became a wholly-owned subsidiary of Immersion and will continue operations in Montreal, Canada. The acquisition was accounted for using the purchase method and accordingly the acquired assets and liabilities were recorded at their fair market values at the date of acquisition. Pro forma results of the combined operations have not been presented as they are not materially different from the Company's reported results of operations. Haptic operates on a fiscal year ending on August 31. Accordingly, the Company will consolidate the results of Haptic based on Haptic's fiscal quarters ended February 28, May 31, August 31, and November 30 combined with the Company's calendar quarters ended March 31, June 30, September 30, and December 31, respectively. In connection with the transaction, the Company assumed unvested options of Haptic resulting in deferred stock compensation of $5.5 million, which will be amortized over the remaining vesting period of approximately four years. The Haptic option plan was established in February, 2000 and under the plan the Company may grant options to purchase up to 391,238 shares of common stock to employees, directors, and consultants. The options generally expire ten years from the date of grant. As of March 31, 2000 there were 366,352 option grants outstanding. The aggregate purchase price of $6.8 million (including acquisition costs) has been allocated to the assets and in-process research and development acquired. The total purchase price was allocated among the assets acquired (including acquired in-process research and development) as follows (in thousands): Purchase price allocation: Tangible assets........................................................ $ 416 In-process research and development.................................... 887 Intangible assets: Goodwill.......................................................... 3,979 Core technology................................................... 871 Developed technology.............................................. 396 Workforce......................................................... 139 Pending patents................................................... 65 ------- Total.................................................................. $ 6,753 ======= 7 The goodwill, core technology and pending patents are being amortized over their estimated useful lives of four years. The developed technology and workforce are being amortized over their estimated useful lives of three and two years, respectively. The allocation of the purchase price to the respective intangibles was based on management's estimates of the after-tax cash flows and gave explicit consideration to the Securities and Exchange Commission's views on purchased in-process research and development as set forth in its September 9, 1998 letter to the American Institute of Certified Public Accountants. Specifically, the valuation gave consideration to the following: (i) the employment of a fair market value premise excluding any Company-specific considerations that could result in estimates of investment value for the subject assets; (ii) comprehensive due diligence concerning all potential intangible assets; (iii) the value of existing technology was specifically addressed, with a view toward ensuring the relative allocations to existing technology and in-process research and development were consistent with the relative contributions of each to the final product; and (iv) the allocation to in-process research and development was based on a calculation that considered only the efforts completed as of the transaction date, and only the cash flow associated with these completed efforts for one generation of the products currently in process. As indicated above, the Company recorded a one-time charge of $887,000 upon the acquisition in March 2000 for purchased in-process research and development related to three development projects. The charge related to the portion of these products that had not reached technological feasibility, had no alternative future use and for which successful development was uncertain. Management's conclusion that the in-process development effort had no alternative future use was reached in consultation with the engineering personnel from both the Company and the seller. The first of these projects focuses on providing products for moving vehicles that use computers in their instrumentation and control panels and targets both end-user in-vehicle systems and design phase solutions. The product being developed is a software product to be bundled with a haptic peripheral device. The software product is designed to provide a touch feedback module for the peripheral device, which will introduce the sense of touch into the interface allowing designers to feel the buttons on the screen as they design the control panel. This product is expected to be released in late FY 2000 and at the time of the acquisition was approximately 50% complete with estimated costs to complete the development of $60,000. The second of these projects is the MilleniumCat technologies, aimed at the multimedia market that will offer a full high fidelity affordable haptic device. Haptic currently sells the PenCat/Pro, a stylus based touch-enabled computer interface device. The MilleniumCat product will be the next generation PenCat/Pro offering both the hardware device utilizing a mouse and the next generation multimedia feedback technology associated with Haptic's developed suite of products that combine audio, graphics, speech, video and other media into one package solution for customers. This product is expected to be released mid FY 2000 and at the time of the acquisition was estimated to be 67% complete with estimated costs to complete the development at $50,000. The third of these projects is aimed at the engineering and artistic creation market. Haptic's current product PenCat/Pro targets 3D designers that have a need for advanced input technologies. The PenCat/Pro product used by 3D designers will be replaced by the MilleniumCat product in FY 2001. While this product incorporates much of the MilleniumCat product, it will require some additional software and a different user interface and thus at the time of the acquisition was estimated at 40% complete with estimated costs to complete development of $20,000. The Company will begin to benefit from the acquired research and development of these products once they begin shipping. Failure to reach successful completion of these projects could result in impairment of the associated capitalized intangible assets and could require the Company to accelerate the time period over which the intangibles are being amortized, which could have a material adverse effect on the Company's business, financial condition and results of operation. Significant assumptions used to determine the value of in-process research and development, include the 8 following: (i) forecast of net cash flows that were expected to result from the development effort using projections prepared by Haptic's management; (ii) the completed portion of the projects estimated by considering a number of factors, including the costs invested to date relative to total cost of the development effort and the amount of progress completed as of the acquisition date, on a technological basis, relative to the overall technological achievements required to achieve the functionality of the eventual product. The technological issues were addressed by engineering representatives from both the Company and Haptic, and when estimating the value of the technology, the projected financial results of the acquired assets were estimated on a stand-alone basis without any consideration to potential synergistic benefits or "investment value" related to the acquisition. Accordingly, separate projected cash flows were prepared for both the existing as well as the in-process projects. These projected results were based on the projected number of units sold times the expected average selling price less the expected associated costs. After preparing the estimated cash flows from the products being developed, a portion of these cash flows were attributed to the developed and core technology, which was embodied in the in-process product lines and enabled a quicker and more cost-effective development of these products. When estimating the value of the developed, core and in-process technologies, discount rates of 15%, 20%, and 25% were used respectively. The discount rates considered both the status and risks associated with the cash flows at the acquisition date. Projected revenues from the developed technologies are expected to continue through the beginning of FY 2002, while revenue from in-process technologies are expected to commence late FY 2000 and continue through a portion of FY 2004. 3. INVENTORIES
MARCH 31 DECEMBER 31 2000 1999 ---- ---- (In thousands) Raw materials and subassemblies .............................................. .$503 $504 Work in process .............................................................. 31 23 Finished goods ............................................................... 149 133 ---- ---- Total ........................................................................ $683 $660 ==== ====
4. PREPAID EXPENSES AND OTHER ASSETS
MARCH 31 DECEMBER 31 2000 1999 ---- ---- (In thousands) Cybernet Consulting ........................................................... $ 505 $ 578 Prepaid insurance ............................................................. 306 346 Prepaid rent .................................................................. 110 43 Research and development tax credit due from Canadian government .............. 237 - Other prepaids and other assets ............................................... 289 90 ------ ------ Total................................................................... $1,447 $1,057 ====== ======
5. PROPERTY
MARCH 31 DECEMBER 31 2000 1999 ------ ------ (In thousands) Computer equipment and purchased software ................ $ 829 $ 573 Machinery and equipment .................................. 309 292 Furniture and fixtures ................................... 354 180 Leasehold improvements ................................... 42 42 ------ ------ Total .................................................. 1,534 1,087 Less accumulated depreciation ............................ 635 496 ------ ------ Property, net ............................................ $ 899 $ 591 ====== ======
9 6. NET LOSS PER SHARE The following is a reconciliation of the numerators and denominators used in computing basic and diluted net loss per share (in thousands):
QUARTER ENDED March 31 -------------------------- 2000 1999 -------- -------- Numerator: Net loss .................................................................. $ (2,564) $ (1,283) Redeemable preferred stock accretion ...................................... - 2 -------- -------- Net loss applicable to common stockholders $ (2,564) $ (1,285) ======== ======== Denominator: Weighted average common shares outstanding ................................. 15,855 4,495 Weighted average common shares held in escrow .............................. (89) (36) -------- -------- Shares used in computation, basic and diluted .............................. 15,766 4,459 ======== ======== Net loss per share, basic and diluted ........................................ $ (0.16) $ (0.29) ======== ========
In November 1999, the Company's Board of Directors approved a 0.807-for-one reverse common and Series C and D preferred stock split and a 4.035-for-one Series A and B preferred stock split. All references to share and per-share data for all periods presented have been retroactively adjusted to give effect to the split. The Company's computation of net loss per share excludes 88,770 shares held in escrow. Conditions required to release these shares from escrow had not been satisfied as of March 31, 2000. For the above-mentioned periods, the Company had securities outstanding that could potentially dilute basic earnings per share in the future, but were excluded from the computation of diluted net loss per share in the periods presented since their effect would have been antidilutive. These outstanding securities consisted of the following:
QUARTER ENDED MARCH 31 ---------------------------- 2000 1999 ---------- ---------- Redeemable convertible preferred stock ............ - 863,771 Convertible preferred stock ....................... - 4,267,329 Outstanding options ............................... 6,110,400 3,246,628 Warrants .......................................... 425,963 505,655 Weighted average exercise price of options ..................................... $ 10.52 $ 0.70 ========== ========== Weighted average exercise price of warrants .................................... $ 2.93 $ 2.68 ========== ==========
10 7. COMPREHENSIVE LOSS The following table sets forth the components of comprehensive loss:
QUARTER ENDED MARCH 31 -------------------- 2000 1999 -------- -------- (In thousands) Net loss: ........................................................... $(2,564) $(1,283) Redeemable preferred stock accretion ................................ - (2) Change in unrealized gains (losses) on short-term investments ....... (51) (1) ------- ------- Total comprehensive loss .............................................. $(2,615) $(1,286) ======= =======
8. SEGMENT INFORMATION, OPERATIONS BY GEOGRAPHIC AREA AND SIGNIFICANT CUSTOMERS The Company operates in one business segment, which is the design, development, production, marketing and licensing of products based on touch-enabling technology. These devices are used in computer entertainment, personal computing, medical and other professional computing applications. The Company operates entirely in North America and does not maintain operations in other countries. The following is a summary of revenues by geographic areas. Revenues are broken out geographically by the ship-to location of the customer.
QUARTER ENDED MARCH 31 -------------------- 2000 1999 ------ ------ REVENUES (In thousands) North America ......................................... $1,803 $1,244 Europe ................................................ 439 268 Far East .............................................. 203 353 Rest of the world ..................................... 17 11 ------ ------ Total............................................. $2,462 $1,876 ====== ======
Significant Customers In first quarter of fiscal 2000, 36% of our total revenues came from two unrelated customers, these customers accounted for 24% and 12% of our total revenue. In the first quarter of fiscal 1999, 33% of our total revenue came from two unrelated customers, representing 22% and 11% of our total revenue. 11 9. CONTINGENCIES The Company has received claims from third parties asserting that the Company's technologies, or those of its licensees, infringe on the other parties' intellectual property rights. Management believes that these claims are without merit and, with respect to each, has obtained or is in the process of obtaining written non-infringement and/or patent invalidity opinions from outside patent counsel. Accordingly, in the opinion of management, the outcome of such claims will not have a material effect on the financial statements of the Company. ITEM 2. MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS This Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q contains forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended. Except for the historical information contained in this discussion and analysis of financial condition and results of operations, the matters discussed herein are forward looking statements. These forward looking statements include but are not limited to the Company's plans regarding royalty revenue, royalty-bearing touch-enabled cursor control products, stimulating demand for touch-enabled products, expectations of gross margin, expenses, new product introduction, and the Company's liquidity and capital needs. These matters involve risks and uncertainties that could cause actual results to differ materially from the statements made. In addition to the risks and uncertainties described in "Factors that May Affect Future Results", below, these risks and uncertainties may include consumer trends, business cycles, scientific developments, changes in governmental policy and regulation, currency fluctuations, economic trends in the United States and inflation. These and other factors may cause actual results to differ materially from those anticipated in forward-looking statements. Readers are cautioned not to place undue reliance on these forward-looking statements, which speak only as of the date hereof. OVERVIEW Immersion Corporation was incorporated in California in 1993 and reincorporated in Delaware in 1999. The Company's principal executive offices are located 2158 Paragon Drive, San Jose, California 95131. The Company's telephone number is (408) 467-1900. The Company's website is www.immersion.com. We develop hardware and software technologies that enable users to interact with computers using their sense of touch. Our patented technologies, which we call TouchSenseTM, enable computer peripheral devices, such as joysticks, mice and steering wheels, to deliver tactile sensations that correspond to on-screen events. We currently focus on licensing our intellectual property for these touch-enabling technologies to manufacturers of computer peripherals in the computer entertainment and general purpose personal computing markets. Our objective is to proliferate our TouchSense technologies across markets, platforms and applications so that touch and feel become as common as graphics and sound in the modern computer user interface. 12 We hold 43 U.S. patents covering various aspects of our hardware and software technologies and have over 125 patent applications pending in the U.S. and abroad. To date, we have licensed our intellectual property to more than 16 companies, including Microsoft and Logitech, which incorporate our patented touch-enabling technologies, together with other technologies necessary for computer gaming peripherals, into joysticks, gamepads and steering wheels that they manufacture. To target the computer mouse market, we have licensed our intellectual property to Logitech to manufacture the first touch-enabled computer mouse incorporating our hardware and software technologies. Logitech began marketing and selling the first version of its touch-enabled mouse during the fourth quarter of 1999. RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
QUARTER ENDED MARCH 31 CHANGE ---------------------------------- REVENUE 2000 1999 ------ ------ ($ In thousands) Royalty revenue ........................................... $ 884 $ 481 84% Product sales ............................................. 1,220 1,085 12% Development contracts and other ........................... 358 310 15% ------ ------ -- Total Revenue ............................................. $2,462 $1,876 31% ====== ====== ==
Total Revenue. Our total revenue for the first quarter of fiscal 2000 increased by $586,000 or 31% from the first quarter of fiscal 1999. All revenue categories experienced growth during the current quarter with the largest increase in royalty revenue of $403,000 or 84%. Royalty revenue is comprised of royalties earned on sales by our TouchSense licensees including $587,000 of revenues recognized under the Microsoft agreement. Revenue recognized under the current Microsoft agreement will end mid-July 2000. The increase in product sales of $135,000 for the three months ended March 31, 2000 as compared to the same three-month period last year is due to increased sales of our MicroScribe-3D, SoftMouse, and professional medical products during the quarter offset by a decrease in our microprocessor sales. Development contract and other revenue category is comprised of revenue on commercial and government contracts efforts, which increased during the first quarter of fiscal 2000 as compared to the first quarter of fiscal 1999 due to an increase in related development activity. We categorize our geographic information into four major regions: North America, Europe, Far East, Rest of the world. In the first quarter of fiscal 2000, revenue generated in North America, Europe, and Far East represented 73%, 18%, and 8% respectively compared to 66%, 14%, and 19% respectively, for the first quarter of fiscal 1999. The shift in revenues among regions is mainly due to the timing of microprocessor shipments sold to our customers in the Far East, which were lower in the first quarter of 2000 versus the first quarter of 1999.
QUARTER ENDED MARCH 31 CHANGE ---------------------------------- COST OF PRODUCT SALES 2000 1999 ------ ------ ($ In thousands) Cost of product sales...................................... $623 $ 494 26% % of total product revenue........................... 51% 46%
Cost of Product Sales. Cost of product sales increased by $129,000 or 26% for the three months ended March 31, 2000 as compared to the three months ended March 31, 1999. The increase is due to a combination of 13 higher product sales volume, increased overhead costs and the mix of product sold. The increase in product sales volume contributed $67,000 to the overall increase while overhead costs and product mix accounted for the remainder of the increase in cost of products sold for the three months ended March 31, 2000 versus the three months ended March 31, 1999.
QUARTER ENDED MARCH 31 CHANGE ----------------------------------- OPERATING EXPENSES AND OTHER 2000 1999 ------ ------ ($ In thousands) Sales and marketing .......................................... $1,528 $ 187 717% % of total revenue ..................................... 62% 10% Research and development ..................................... $ 676 $ 458 48% % of total revenue ..................................... 27% 24% General and administrative ................................... $1,400 $ 752 86% % of total revenue ..................................... 57% 40% Amortization of intangibles and deferred stock compensation .. $ 672 $ 118 469% % of total revenue ..................................... 27% 6% In-process research and development .......................... $ 887 $1,190 (25)% % of total revenue ..................................... 36% 63%
Sales and Marketing. Sales and marketing expenses increased by $1.3 million or 717% in the first quarter of fiscal 2000 compared to the same period last year. The significant increase was mainly due to increased headcount and related compensation, benefits, and overhead costs of $736,000. Expenses related to corporate identity, market research, web development, expenses incurred under our co-marketing agreement, and developer programs contributed to $456,000 of the increase. The remainder of the increase is attributed to increased tradeshow expenses of $96,000. We anticipate sales and marketing expenses to continue to increase in absolute dollars due to the planned growth of our sales and marketing organizations and our co-marketing agreement with Logitech. Under the terms of the agreement, for a period of five calendar quarters, beginning in the first calendar quarter of 2000, we will reimburse Logitech for certain marketing related expenses not to exceed $200,000 per quarter. Only third-party marketing services that are targeted at promoting Logitech's touch-enabled mice are eligible for reimbursement. In addition, all promotional activities will have to be approved by us in advance. In order to remain eligible for reimbursement, Logitech will have to include our brand and slogan on all its marketing materials that reference touch-enabled functionality or products, and commit to other conditions regarding its touch-enabled mice. Research and Development. Research and development expenses increased by $218,000 or 48% in the first quarter of fiscal 2000 compared to the same period last year. The increase is mainly due to increased headcount and related compensation, benefits, and overhead costs of $87,000 and subcontracted non-recurring engineering expenses of $84,000. Expenses related to research and development activities at our wholly-owned subsidiary, Haptic, will contribute to future increases in this expense category beginning in the second quarter of fiscal 2000. We believe that continued investment in our research and development is critical to our future success, and we expect these expenses to increase in absolute dollars in future periods. General and Administrative. General and administrative expenses increased by $648,000 or 86% in the first quarter of fiscal 2000 compared to the same period last year. The increase is attributed to $308,000 for recruiting employees and board of director members as well as increased headcount and related compensation, benefits, and overhead costs of $119,000. The remainder of the increase is due to increased legal expenses and costs related to being a public company. We expect that the dollar amount of general and administrative expenses will increase in the future as we incur the significant additional costs of being a public company. 14 Amortization of Intangibles and Stock Compensation. Amortization of intangibles and deferred stock compensation grew by $554,000 or 469% in the first quarter of fiscal 2000 compared to the same period last year. Amortization of intangibles increased by $292,000 and is comprised of $119,000 of amortization of goodwill and other purchased intangibles related to the acquisition of Haptic, and $173,000 of amortization related to purchased patents and technology. Deferred stock compensation amortization increased by $261,000. Of the $261,000 increase, $144,000 is the result of amortization related to the $5.5 million of deferred stock compensation recorded in conjunction with the assumption of Haptic's unvested options at the time of acquisition. In-Process Research and Development. During the three months ended March 31, 2000 we incurred a charge of $887,000 for in-process research and development resulting from the March 2000 acquisition of all the outstanding shares of Haptic. The in-process research and development relates to three development projects: a haptic software package which will assist designers of moving vehicles; a high fidelity affordable haptic device for the multimedia market; and a haptic device aimed at the engineering and artistic creation market. Interest and Other Income. Interest and other income consists primarily of interest income from cash, cash equivalents and short-term investments. Interest and other income grew by $720,000 in the first quarter of fiscal 2000 compared to the same period last year. The increase during the three months ended March 31, 2000 is due to the increase in cash and cash equivalents and short-term investments chiefly from the $48.3 million net proceeds of our public offering in November 1999. LIQUIDITY AND CAPITAL RESOURCES Our cash, cash equivalents, and short-term investments consist primarily of money market funds and highly liquid debt instruments. All of our cash equivalents and short-term investments are classified as available-for-sale under the provisions of SFAS 115, "Accounting for Certain Investments in Debt and Equity Securities." The securities are stated at market value with unrealized gains and losses reported as a component of accumulated other comprehensive loss within stockholders' equity. At March 31, 2000 our cash, cash equivalents and short-term investments totaled $48.9 million, down $2.4 million from $51.3 million at December 31, 1999. Excluding short-term investments our cash and cash equivalents totaled $28.7 million, down $17.8 million from $46.5 million at December 31, 1999 Net cash used in operating activities during the first fiscal quarter of 2000 was $1.5 million, a significant increase from the $38,000 used during the same period last year. Cash used in operations during the period was comprised of our $2.6 million net loss, a decrease due to a change in deferred revenue of $587,000 attributable to revenue recognized under the Microsoft agreement, and a decrease due to a $300,000 change in prepaid expenses and other assets primarily the result of insurance premiums paid. Cash used in operations was offset by noncash activities of $1.6 million, including the $887,000 one-time charge for in-process research and development relating to the Haptic acquisition and a $606,000 increase in accrued liabilities. Net cash used in investing activities during the first fiscal quarter of 2000 was $16.4 million, a considerable increase from the $85,000 used during the same period last year. Cash used in investing during the period was made up of $15.5 million purchases of short-term investments, $292,000 to purchase capital equipment, and $581,000 related to the Haptic acquisition. In order to improve our rate of return on cash and still provide short-term liquidity, we periodically purchase or sell short-term investments, which typically are interest-bearing, investment-grade securities with a maturity of greater than 90 days and less than one year. The Company leases its manufacturing and office facilities under a noncancelable operating lease that expires in October 2002. During January 2000 the Company signed a noncancelable operating lease for expanded facilities, which will expire in 2005, five years from the lease commencement date, which is anticipated to be June 2000. The Company intends to sublease its current facilities but had not executed a sublease with any party as of March 31, 2000. The operating lease payments in fiscal year 2000 on the new lease are expected to be approximately $.5 million assuming a June, 2000 commencement date. The aggregate of the lease payments after fiscal year 2000 on the new lease are expected to be approximately $3.8 million. 15 We believe that our cash, cash equivalents and short-term investments will be sufficient to meet our working capital needs and capital expenditure requirements for at least the next 12 months. We anticipate that capital expenditures for the full year ended December 31, 2000 will total approximately $3.0 million in connection with anticipated growth in operations, infrastructure and personnel. If the Company acquires one or more businesses or products, the Company's capital requirements could increase substantially. In the event of such an acquisition or should any unanticipated circumstances arise which significantly increase the Company's capital requirements, we may elect to raise additional capital through debt or equity financing. Although we may intend to raise additional capital there can be no assurance that necessary additional capital will be available on terms acceptable to the Company, if at all. FACTORS THAT MAY AFFECT FUTURE RESULTS THE MARKET FOR OUR TOUCH-ENABLING TECHNOLOGIES IS AT AN EARLY STAGE AND, IF MARKET DEMAND DOES NOT DEVELOP, WE MAY NOT ACHIEVE OR SUSTAIN REVENUE GROWTH. The consumer market for touch-enabling technology is at an early stage, and if we and our licensees are unable to develop consumer demand for our licensees' products we may not achieve or sustain revenue growth. To date, consumer demand for our technologies has been limited to the computer gaming peripherals market, and sales of joysticks and steering wheels incorporating our touch-enabling technologies in that market began only in late 1996 and 1998, respectively. Logitech, a licensee of our technology, launched a computer mouse incorporating our touch-enabling technologies during the fourth quarter of 1999. This touch-enabled mouse is the first entrant in a new category of touch-enabled computer cursor control devices. Touch-enabled mice may not achieve commercial acceptance or generate significant royalty revenue for us. In addition, software developers may elect not to create additional games or other applications that support our touch-enabling technology. Even if our technologies are ultimately widely adopted by consumers, widespread adoption may take a long time to occur. The timing and amount of royalties that we receive will depend on whether the products marketed by those licensees that pay us per-unit royalties achieve widespread adoption and, if so, how rapidly that adoption occurs. We expect that we will need to pursue extensive and expensive marketing and sales efforts to educate prospective licensees and consumers about the uses and benefits of our technologies and to persuade software developers to create software that utilizes our technologies. WE HAD AN ACCUMULATED DEFICIT OF $11.1 MILLION AS OF MARCH 31, 2000, WILL EXPERIENCE LOSSES IN THE FUTURE AND MAY NOT ACHIEVE OR MAINTAIN PROFITABILITY. Since 1997, we have incurred losses in every fiscal quarter, and we expect losses through at least 2000. We will need to generate significant revenue to achieve and maintain profitability. We may not achieve, sustain or increase profitability in the future. We anticipate that our expenses will increase substantially in the foreseeable future as we: - attempt to expand the market for touch-enabled products; - increase our sales efforts; - continue to develop our technologies; - pursue strategic relationships; and - protect and enforce our intellectual property. If our revenues grow more slowly than we anticipate or if our operating expenses exceed our expectations, we may not achieve or maintain profitability. OUR HISTORICAL FINANCIAL INFORMATION DOES NOT REFLECT OUR PRIMARY BUSINESS STRATEGY FOR ACHIEVING REVENUE GROWTH THROUGH ROYALTY PAYMENTS FROM SALES BY OUR LICENSEES OF COMPUTER PERIPHERAL PRODUCTS INCORPORATING OUR TOUCH-ENABLING TECHNOLOGIES, A STRATEGY FROM WHICH HISTORICALLY WE HAVE DERIVED LESS THAN ONE-THIRD OF OUR REVENUES. We cannot predict our future revenues based on our historical financial information. Historically, we derived the majority of our revenues from product sales, including sales of devices used to create three dimensional computer images of small objects, medical simulation products and a specialized non-touch enabled computer mouse used for map making. Historically, we have also derived revenues from contracts with our licensees to assist in the development of our licensees' touch-enabled products and from development contracts with government agencies for touch-enabling technology. The majority of our historical product sales resulted from sales of products that did not 16 utilize our touch-enabling technology but utilized related advanced computer peripheral technologies. Accordingly, our historical results should not be relied upon as an indicator of our future performance. We currently concentrate our marketing, research and development activities on licensing our touch-enabling technology in the computer entertainment and general purpose personal computer markets. For 1998, we derived only 6% of our total revenues from royalty revenue, for 1999, we derived 28% of our total revenues from royalty revenue, and for the three months ended March 31, 2000 we derived 36% of our total revenues from royalty revenue. We anticipate that royalty revenue from licensing our technologies will constitute an increasing portion of our revenues; however on a period-to-period basis royalty revenue as a percentage of total revenue may vary significantly due to factors such as the timing of new product introductions and the seasonality of royalty revenue. OUR BUSINESS STRATEGY FOR ACHIEVING REVENUE GROWTH RELIES SIGNIFICANTLY ON ROYALTY PAYMENTS FROM SALES BY LOGITECH OF ITS TOUCH-ENABLED MICE PRODUCTS, THE FIRST VERSION OF WHICH LOGITECH BEGAN SELLING IN THE FOURTH QUARTER OF 1999. If Logitech's touch-enabled mice products do not achieve commercial acceptance or if production or other difficulties that sometimes occur when a new product is introduced interfere with sales of the Logitech mice products, our ability to achieve revenue growth could be significantly impaired. In the technology product development agreement that we entered into with Logitech in 1998, Logitech estimated that, based upon an assumed production of 100,000 units per year, its target price for its first touch-enabled mouse would be $99. Logitech, however, has made no commitments to us regarding the production volume or pricing of its touch-enabled mice. The fact that the actual initial suggested retail price of Logitech's mouse is $99.95 does not reflect any volume or pricing commitments made to us by Logitech. To date, sales of the current touch-enabled mouse product, the Wingman Force Feedback Mouse, has not reached volume levels. We believe that the facts that the current product is being marketed, in part, as a gaming product, and that it was introduced late in the 1999 Christmas buying season contributed to a slow ramp-up of initial sales. Desired sales volumes of touch-enabled mice may not be achieved until the first general purpose productivity version of the mouse has been introduced. We also expect that sales volume of touch-enabled mice will be affected by the quantity and quality of touch-enabled software titles available to consumers. Although we promote the incorporation of our touch-enabling technologies into software applications and Web sites, we have limited control over when and if third party software and Web developers adopt touch-enabling technologies. In addition, retailers may not recognize touch-enabled mouse products as a separate product category until there are additional manufacturers of touch-enabled mouse products and this may be a barrier to sales volume. In March 2000, we and Logitech amended our existing license agreement and technology product development agreement, each relating to Immersion's touch-enabled cursor control technology, to cover a new technology developed by us for a lower-cost, touch-enabled mouse to be targeted for use with productivity and web applications. Under the amendment, we and Logitech have agreed to promote the existing mouse technology together with the new lower-cost mouse technology as a product family. The amendment also requires Logitech to pay us a royalty of 5% of the revenue it receives from products based upon this new tactile mouse technology. WE DO NOT CONTROL OR INFLUENCE OUR LICENSEES' MANUFACTURING, PROMOTION, DISTRIBUTION OR PRICING OF THEIR PRODUCTS INCORPORATING OUR TOUCH-ENABLING TECHNOLOGIES, UPON WHICH WE ARE DEPENDENT TO GENERATE ROYALTY REVENUE. Our primary business strategy is to license our intellectual property to companies that manufacture and sell products incorporating our touch-enabling technologies. The sale of those products generates royalty revenue for us. For the year ended December 31, 1999, 28% of our total revenues was royalty revenue, and for the three-month period ended March 31, 2000, 36% of our total revenues was royalty revenue. However, we do not control or influence the manufacture, promotion, distribution or pricing of products that are manufactured and sold by our licensees and that incorporate our touch-enabling technologies. As a result, products incorporating our technologies may not be brought to market, achieve commercial acceptance or generate meaningful royalty revenue for us. For us to generate royalty revenue, those licensees that pay us per-unit royalties must manufacture and distribute products incorporating our touch-enabling technologies in a timely fashion and generate consumer demand through marketing and other promotional activities. Products incorporating our touch-enabling technologies are generally more difficult to design and manufacture than products that do not incorporate our touch-enabling technologies, and these difficulties may cause product introduction delays. If our licensees fail to stimulate and capitalize upon market demand for products that generate royalties for us, our revenues will not grow. Peak demand for products that incorporate our technologies, especially in the computer gaming peripherals market, typically occurs in the third and fourth calendar quarters as a result of increased demand during the year-end holiday season. If our licensees do not ship licensed products in a timely fashion or fail to achieve strong sales in the second half of the calendar year, we would not receive related royalty revenue. 17 BECAUSE LOGITECH IS OUR ONLY LICENSEE CURRENTLY MANUFACTURING TOUCH-ENABLED MICE, OUR ROYALTY REVENUE FROM TOUCH-ENABLED MICE WILL BE SIGNIFICANTLY REDUCED IF LOGITECH DOES NOT EFFECTIVELY MANUFACTURE AND MARKET TOUCH-ENABLED MICE PRODUCTS. Logitech is currently the only licensee manufacturing touch-enabled mice. If Logitech does not effectively manufacture, market and distribute its touch-enabled mouse product, our royalty revenue from touch-enabled mice would be significantly reduced. In addition, a lack of market acceptance of the Logitech touch-enabled mouse might dissuade other potential licensees from licensing our technologies for touch-enabled mice and other products. IF WE FAIL TO PROTECT AND ENFORCE OUR INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS, OUR ABILITY TO LICENSE OUR TECHNOLOGIES AND TO GENERATE REVENUES WOULD BE IMPAIRED. Our business depends on generating revenues by licensing our intellectual property rights and by selling products that incorporate our technologies. If we are not able to protect and enforce those rights, our ability to obtain future licenses and royalty revenue could be impaired. In addition, if a court were to limit the scope of, declare unenforceable or invalidate any of our patents, current licensees may refuse to make royalty payments or may themselves choose to challenge one or more of our patents. Also it is possible that: - our pending patent applications may not result in the issuance of patents; - our patents may not be broad enough to protect our proprietary rights; - effective patent protection may not be available in every country in which our licensees do business. We also rely on licenses, confidentiality agreements and copyright, trademark and trade secret laws to establish and protect our proprietary rights. It is possible that: - laws and contractual restrictions may not be sufficient to prevent misappropriation of our technologies or deter others from developing similar technologies; and - policing unauthorized use of our products and trademarks would be difficult, expensive and time-consuming, particularly overseas. IF WE ARE UNABLE TO ENTER INTO NEW LICENSING ARRANGEMENTS WITH OUR EXISTING LICENSEES AND WITH ADDITIONAL THIRD-PARTY MANUFACTURERS FOR OUR TOUCH-ENABLING TECHNOLOGY, OUR ROYALTY REVENUE MAY NOT GROW. Our revenue growth depends on our ability to enter into new licensing arrangements. Our failure to enter into new licensing arrangements will cause our operating results to suffer. We face numerous risks in obtaining new licenses on terms consistent with our business objectives and in maintaining, expanding and supporting our relationships with our current licensees. These risks include: - the lengthy and expensive process of building a relationship with potential licensees; - the fact that we may compete with the internal design teams of existing and potential licensees; - difficulties in persuading consumer product manufacturers to work with us, to rely on us for critical technology and to disclose to us proprietary product development and other strategies; and - difficulties in persuading existing and potential licensees to bear the development costs necessary to incorporate our technologies into their products. OUR QUARTERLY REVENUES AND OPERATING RESULTS ARE VOLATILE, AND IF OUR FUTURE RESULTS ARE BELOW THE EXPECTATIONS OF PUBLIC MARKET ANALYSTS OR INVESTORS, THE PRICE OF OUR COMMON STOCK IS LIKELY TO DECLINE. Our revenues and operating results are likely to vary significantly from quarter to quarter due to a number of factors, many of which are outside of our control and any of which could cause the price of our common stock to decline. These factors include: - the establishment or loss of licensing relationships; - the timing of payments under fixed and/or up-front license agreements; - the timing of our expenses, including costs related to acquisitions of technologies or businesses; 18 - the timing of introductions of new products and product enhancements by our licensees and their competitors; - our ability to develop and improve our technologies; - our ability to attract, integrate and retain qualified personnel; and - seasonality in the demand for our licensees' products. Accordingly, we believe that period-to-period comparisons of our operating results should not be relied upon as an indicator of our future performance. In addition, because a high percentage of our operating expenses is fixed, a shortfall of revenues can cause significant variations in operating results from period to period. THE HIGHER COST OF GAMING AND CURSOR CONTROL PERIPHERAL PRODUCTS INCORPORATING OUR TOUCH-ENABLING TECHNOLOGIES AS COMPARED TO NON TOUCH-ENABLED GAMING AND CURSOR CONTROL PERIPHERALS MAY INHIBIT OR PREVENT THE WIDESPREAD ADOPTION AND SALE OF PRODUCTS INCORPORATING OUR TECHNOLOGIES. Joysticks, steering wheels, gamepads and computer mice incorporating our touch-enabling technologies are more expensive than similar competitive products that are not touch-enabled. Although major providers of computer peripheral devices, such as Logitech and Microsoft, have licensed our technology, the greater expense of products containing our touch-enabling technologies as compared to non touch-enabled products may be a significant barrier to the widespread adoption and sale of their touch-enabled products in consumer markets. IF OUR TECHNOLOGIES ARE UNABLE TO GAIN MARKET ACCEPTANCE OTHER THAN IN TOUCH-ENABLED JOYSTICKS AND STEERING WHEELS, OUR REVENUE GROWTH WILL BE LIMITED. Substantially all of our royalty revenue is derived from the licensing of our portfolio of touch-enabling technology for personal computer gaming peripherals such as joysticks and steering wheels. The market for joysticks and steering wheels for use with personal computers is a substantially smaller market than either the mouse market or the dedicated gaming console market and is characterized by declining average selling prices. If we are unable to gain market acceptance beyond the personal computer gaming peripherals market, we may not achieve revenue growth. COMPETITION IN COMPUTER PERIPHERAL PRODUCTS IN BOTH THE GENERAL PURPOSE COMPUTING AND COMPUTER GAMING MARKETS COULD LEAD TO REDUCTIONS IN THE SELLING PRICE OF PERIPHERAL PRODUCTS OF OUR LICENSEES, WHICH WOULD REDUCE OUR ROYALTY REVENUE. The general purpose computing and computer gaming markets in which our licensees sell peripheral products are highly competitive and are characterized by rapid technological change, short product life cycles, cyclical market patterns, a trend of declining average selling prices and increasing foreign and domestic competition. We believe that competition among computer peripheral manufacturers will continue to be intense, and that competitive pressures will drive the price of our licensees' products downward. Any reduction in our royalties per unit that is not offset by corresponding increases in unit sales will cause our revenues to decline. BECAUSE WE HAVE A FIXED PAYMENT LICENSE WITH MICROSOFT, OUR ROYALTY REVENUE FROM LICENSING JOYSTICKS AND STEERING WHEELS IN THE GAMING MARKET MIGHT DECLINE IF MICROSOFT INCREASES ITS VOLUME OF SALES OF TOUCH-ENABLED JOYSTICKS AND STEERING WHEELS AT THE EXPENSE OF OUR OTHER LICENSEES. Under the terms of our present agreement with Microsoft, Microsoft receives a perpetual, worldwide, irrevocable, non-exclusive license under our patents for its SideWinder Force Feedback Pro Joystick and its SideWinder Force Feedback Wheel, and for a future replacement version of these specific SideWinder products having essentially similar functional features. Instead of an ongoing royalty on Microsoft's sales of licensed products, the agreement provides for a payment of $2.35 million, which we recognize in equal monthly increments over a one-year period ending mid-July 2000. The payment of $2.35 million is fixed regardless of Microsoft's sales volume of these two licensed products. We derived 13% of our total revenues and 48% of our royalty revenue for the twelve months ended December 31, 1999 from Microsoft. In addition, we derived 24% of our total revenues and 66% of our royalty revenues for the three months ended March 31, 2000 from Microsoft. At the present time, we do not have a license agreement with Microsoft for products other than the SideWinder joystick and steering wheel. Microsoft has a significant share of the market for touch-enabled joysticks and steering wheels for personal computers. Microsoft has significantly greater financial, sales and marketing resources, as well as greater name recognition and a larger customer base, than our other licensees. In the event that Microsoft increases its share of this market, our royalty revenue from other licensees in this market segment might decline. LOGITECH ACCOUNTS FOR A LARGE PORTION OF OUR ROYALTY REVENUE AND THE FAILURE OF LOGITECH TO ACHIEVE SALES VOLUMES FOR ITS GAMING AND CURSOR CONTROL PERIPHERAL PRODUCTS THAT INCORPORATE OUR TOUCH-ENABLING TECHNOLOGIES MAY REDUCE OUR ROYALTY REVENUE. 19 We derived 13% of our total revenues and 32% of our royalty revenue for the twelve months ended December 31, 1999 from Logitech. For the three-month period ended March 31, 2000 we derived 12% of our total revenues and 30% of our royalty revenue from Logitech. We expect that a significant portion of our total revenues will continue to be derived from Logitech. If Logitech fails to achieve anticipated sales volumes for its computer peripheral products that incorporate our technologies, our royalty revenue would be reduced. BECAUSE PERSONAL COMPUTER PERIPHERAL PRODUCTS THAT INCORPORATE OUR TOUCH-ENABLING TECHNOLOGIES CURRENTLY MUST WORK WITH MICROSOFT'S OPERATING SYSTEM SOFTWARE, OUR COSTS COULD INCREASE AND OUR REVENUES COULD DECLINE IF MICROSOFT MODIFIES ITS OPERATING SYSTEM SOFTWARE. Our hardware and software technology for personal computer peripheral products that incorporate our touch-enabling technologies is currently compatible with Microsoft's Windows 98 operating system software, including DirectX, Microsoft's entertainment applications programming interface. If Microsoft modifies its operating system, including DirectX, we may need to modify our technologies and this could cause delays in the release of products by our licensees. If Microsoft modifies its software products in ways that limit the use of our other licensees' products, our costs could be increased and our revenues could decline. LITIGATION REGARDING INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS COULD BE EXPENSIVE, DISRUPTIVE, AND TIME CONSUMING, AND COULD ADVERSELY AFFECT OUR BUSINESS. Any intellectual property litigation, whether brought by us or by others, could result in the expenditure of significant financial resources and the diversion of management's time and efforts. From time to time, we initiate claims against third parties that we believe infringe our intellectual property rights. To date, these claims have not led to any litigation. However, any litigation to protect and enforce our intellectual property rights could be costly, time-consuming and distracting to management and could result in the impairment or loss of portions of our intellectual property. In addition, litigation in which we are accused of infringement may cause product shipment delays, require us to develop non-infringing technology or require us to enter into royalty or license agreements even before the issue of infringement has been decided on the merits. If any litigation were not resolved in our favor, we could become subject to substantial damage claims from third parties and indemnification claims from our licensees. We and our licensees could be enjoined from the continued use of the technology at issue without a royalty or license agreement. Royalty or license agreements, if required, might not be available on acceptable terms, or at all. If a third party claiming infringement against us prevailed and we could not develop non-infringing technology or license the infringed or similar technology on a timely and cost-effective basis, our expenses would increase and our revenues could decrease. We attempt to avoid infringing known proprietary rights of third parties. We have not, however, conducted and do not conduct comprehensive patent searches to determine whether aspects of our technology infringe patents held by third parties. Third parties may hold, or may in the future be issued, patents that could be infringed by our products or technologies. Any of these third parties might make a claim of infringement against us with respect to the products that we manufacture and the technologies that we license. From time to time, we have received letters from companies, several of which have significantly greater financial resources than we do, asserting that some of our technologies, or those of our licensees, infringe their intellectual property rights. Certain of our licenses have received similar letters from the same four companies. Such letters may influence our licensees' decisions whether to ship products incorporating our technologies. Although none of these matters has resulted in litigation to date, any of these notices, or additional notices that we could receive in the future from these or other companies, could lead to litigation WE DEPEND ON KAWASAKI LSI TO PRODUCE OUR IMMERSION PROCESSORS AND MAY LOSE CUSTOMERS IF KAWASAKI LSI DOES NOT MEET OUR REQUIREMENTS. Kawasaki LSI is the sole supplier of our custom Immersion Processors, which we develop, license and sell to improve the performance and to help reduce the cost of computer peripheral products, such as joysticks and mice, incorporating our touch-enabling technology. Because Kawasaki LSI manufactures and tests our processors, we have limited control over delivery schedules, quality assurance, manufacturing capacity, yields, costs and misappropriation of our intellectual property. Although Kawasaki LSI warrants that microprocessors it supplies to us or to our customers will conform to our specifications and be free from defects in materials and workmanship for a period of one year from delivery, any delays in delivery of the processor, quality problems or cost increases could cause us to lose customers and could damage our relationships with our licensees. IF WE ARE UNABLE TO CONTINUALLY IMPROVE, AND REDUCE THE COST OF, OUR TECHNOLOGIES, COMPANIES MAY NOT INCORPORATE OUR TECHNOLOGIES INTO THEIR PRODUCTS, WHICH COULD IMPAIR OUR REVENUE GROWTH. Our ability to achieve revenue growth depends on our continuing ability to improve, and reduce the cost of, our technologies and to introduce these technologies to the marketplace in a timely manner. If our development 20 efforts are not successful or are significantly delayed, companies may not incorporate our technologies into their products and our revenue growth may be impaired. THREE KEY MEMBERS OF OUR MANAGEMENT TEAM HAVE RECENTLY JOINED US AND THEY MAY NOT BE EFFECTIVELY INTEGRATED INTO OUR COMPANY, WHICH COULD IMPEDE THE EXECUTION OF OUR BUSINESS STRATEGY. Our Vice President of Finance, Vice President of Marketing and Vice President of Business Development each joined us in July or August 1999. Accordingly, each of these individuals has limited experience with our business. Our success will depend to a significant extent on the ability of our new officers to integrate themselves into our daily operations, to gain the trust and confidence of other employees and to work effectively as a team. If any of them fails to do so, our ability to execute our business strategy would be impeded. COMPETITION FROM UNLICENSED PRODUCTS COULD LEAD TO REDUCED PRICES AND SALES VOLUMES OF OUR LICENSEES' PRODUCTS, WHICH COULD LIMIT OUR REVENUES OR CAUSE OUR REVENUES TO DECLINE. Our licensees or other third parties may seek to develop products which they believe do not require a license under our intellectual property. These potential competitors may have significantly greater financial, technical and marketing resources than we do, and the costs associated with asserting our intellectual property against such products and such potential competitors could be significant. Moreover, if such alternative designs were determined by a court not to require a license under our intellectual property, competition from such unlicensed products could limit or reduce our revenues. COMPETITION TO OUR IMMERSION PROCESSORS MAY LEAD TO REDUCED PRICES AND SALES VOLUMES OF OUR MICROPROCESSORS. To date, the market for our Immersion Processors has been small. If the market grows, we expect more companies to compete in this market. Increased competition could result in significant price erosion, reduced revenues or loss of market share, any of which would have an adverse effect on our business and operating results. Currently, semiconductor companies, including Mitsubishi and STMicroelectronics, manufacture products that compete with our microprocessors. Although the products of these semiconductor companies have not been optimized for the specific requirements of touch-enabling technology, in the future, Mitsubishi, STMicroelectronics or other companies may elect to enter the market for optimized touch-enabling microprocessors. These companies may have greater financial, technical, manufacturing, distribution and other resources, greater name recognition and market presence, longer operating histories, lower cost structures and larger customer bases than we do. Accordingly, we may not be able to compete successfully against either current or future competitors. WE MIGHT BE UNABLE TO RECRUIT OR RETAIN NECESSARY PERSONNEL, WHICH COULD SLOW THE DEVELOPMENT AND DEPLOYMENT OF OUR TECHNOLOGIES. Our ability to develop and deploy our technologies and to sustain our revenue growth depends upon the continued service of our executive officers and other key personnel and upon hiring additional key personnel. We intend to hire additional sales, support, marketing and research and development personnel in 2000. Competition for these individuals is intense, and we may not be able to attract, assimilate or retain additional highly qualified personnel in the future. In addition, our technologies are complex and we rely upon the continued service of our existing engineering personnel to support licensees, enhance existing technology and develop new technologies. WE HAVE EXPERIENCED RAPID GROWTH AND CHANGE IN OUR BUSINESS, AND OUR FAILURE TO MANAGE THIS AND ANY FUTURE GROWTH COULD HARM OUR BUSINESS. We are increasing the number of our employees rapidly. Our business may be harmed if we do not integrate and train our new employees quickly and effectively. We also cannot be sure that our revenues will continue to grow at a rate sufficient to support the costs associated with an increasing number of employees. Any future periods of rapid growth may place significant strains on our managerial, financial, engineering and other resources. The rate of any future expansion, in combination with our complex technologies, may demand an unusually high level of managerial effectiveness in anticipating, planning, coordinating and meeting our operational needs as well as the needs of our licensees. PRODUCT LIABILITY CLAIMS, INCLUDING CLAIMS RELATING TO ALLEGED REPETITIVE STRESS INJURIES, COULD BE TIME-CONSUMING AND COSTLY TO DEFEND, AND COULD EXPOSE US TO LOSS. Claims that consumer products have flaws or other defects that lead to personal or other injury are common in the computer peripherals industry. If products that we or our licensees sell cause personal injury, financial loss or other injury to our or our licensees' customers, the customers or our licensees may seek damages or other recovery from us. Any claims against us would be time-consuming, expensive to defend and distracting to management and could result in damages and injure our reputation or the reputation of our licensees or their products. This damage could limit the market for our licensees' touch-enabled products and harm our results of operations. 21 In the past, manufacturers of peripheral products, such as computer mice, have been subject to claims alleging that use of their products has caused or contributed to various types of repetitive stress injuries, including carpal tunnel syndrome. We have not experienced any product liability claims to date. Although our license agreements typically contain provisions designed to limit our exposure to product liability claims, existing or future laws or unfavorable judicial decisions could limit or invalidate the provisions. IF WE FAIL TO DEVELOP NEW OR ENHANCED TECHNOLOGIES FOR NEW COMPUTER APPLICATIONS AND PLATFORMS, WE MAY NOT BE ABLE TO CREATE A MARKET FOR OUR TECHNOLOGIES AND OUR ABILITY TO GROW AND OUR RESULTS OF OPERATIONS MIGHT BE HARMED. Our initiatives to develop new and enhanced technologies and to license technologies for new applications and new platforms may not be successful. Any new or enhanced technologies may not be favorably received by consumers and could damage our reputation or our brand. Expanding our technology could also require significant additional expenses and strain our management, financial and operational resources. The lack of market acceptance of these efforts or our inability to generate additional revenues sufficient to offset the associated costs could harm our results of operations. WE HAVE IN THE PAST, AND MAY IN THE FUTURE, ENGAGE IN ACQUISITIONS THAT DILUTE STOCKHOLDER VALUE, DIVERT MANAGEMENT ATTENTION OR CAUSE INTEGRATION PROBLEMS. As part of our business strategy, we have in the past acquired, and may in the future, acquire businesses or intellectual property that we feel could complement our business, enhance our technical capabilities or increase our intellectual property portfolio. If we consummate acquisitions through an exchange of our securities, our stockholders could suffer significant dilution. Acquisitions could create risks for us, including: - unanticipated costs associated with the acquisitions; - use of substantial portions of our available cash to consummate the acquisitions; - diversion of management's attention from other business concerns; - difficulties in assimilation of acquired personnel or operations; and - intellectual property infringement claims and claims related to the ownership of acquired intellectual property. Any acquisitions, even if successfully completed, might not generate any additional revenue or provide any benefit to our business. YEAR 2000 COMPLIANCE COSTS AND RISKS ARE DIFFICULT TO ASSESS AND COULD RESULT IN DELAY OR LOSS OF REVENUES, DAMAGE TO OUR REPUTATION AND DIVERSION OF DEVELOPMENT RESOURCES. Many computer programs and embedded date-reliant systems use two digits rather than four to define the applicable year. Programs and systems that record only the last two digits of the calendar year may not be able to distinguish whether "00" means 1900 or 2000. If not corrected, date-related information and data could cause these programs or systems to fail or to generate erroneous information. To the extent that any third-party product with which our technology is associated is not Year 2000 compliant, our reputation may be harmed. Our revenue and operating results could become subject to unexpected fluctuations if our licensees encounter Year 2000 compliance problems that affect their ability to distribute licensed products. In addition, a delay or failure by our critical suppliers to be Year 2000 compliant could interrupt our business. To date, our business has not been affected by Year 2000 compliance problems. OUR STOCK MAY BE VOLATILE. The stock market has experienced extreme volatility that often has been unrelated or disproportionate to the performance of particular companies. These market fluctuations may cause our stock price to decline regardless of our performance. OUR EXECUTIVE OFFICERS, DIRECTORS AND MAJOR STOCKHOLDERS RETAIN SIGNIFICANT CONTROL OVER US, WHICH MAY LEAD TO CONFLICTS WITH OTHER STOCKHOLDERS OVER CORPORATE GOVERNANCE MATTERS. Our current directors, officers and more than 5% stockholders, as a group, beneficially own more than 40% of our outstanding common stock. Acting together, these stockholders would be able to exercise significant control on matters that our stockholders vote upon, including the election of directors and mergers or other business 22 combinations, which could have the effect of delaying or preventing a third party from acquiring control over or merging with us. PROVISIONS IN OUR CHARTER DOCUMENTS AND DELAWARE LAW COULD PREVENT OR DELAY A CHANGE IN CONTROL, WHICH COULD REDUCE THE MARKET PRICE OF OUR COMMON STOCK. Provisions in our certificate of incorporation and bylaws may have the effect of delaying or preventing a change of control or changes in our management. In addition, certain provisions of Delaware law may discourage, delay or prevent someone from acquiring or merging with us. These provisions could limit the price that investors might be willing to pay in the future for shares of our common stock. A LARGE NUMBER OF SHARES RECENTLY BECAME AVAILABLE IN THE MARKET, WHICH MAY DEPRESS THE MARKET PRICE OF OUR COMMON STOCK. As of May 10, 2000, upon the expiration of lock-up agreements entered into in connection with our initial public offering, approximately 11 million shares of our common stock became available for sale in the public market, in addition to the approximately 5 million shares registered in our initial public offering. Sales of substantial numbers of shares of our common stock in the public market, or the perception that sales may be made, could cause the market price of our common stock to decline. In addition, the sale of these shares could impair our ability to raise capital through the sale of additional equity securities. ITEM 3. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISKS The Company has limited exposure to financial market risks, including changes in interest rates. The fair value of the Company's portfolio or related income would not be significantly impacted by a 100 basis point increase or decrease in interest rates due mainly to the short-term nature of the major portion of our investment portfolio. An increase or decrease in interest rates would not significantly increase or decrease interest expense on debt obligations due to the fixed nature of the Company's debt obligations. The Company's foreign operations are limited in scope and thus the Company is not materially exposed to foreign currency fluctuations. PART II OTHER INFORMATION ITEM 6. EXHIBITS AND REPORTS ON FORM 8-K (a) Exhibits. The following exhibits are filed herewith:
EXHIBIT NUMBER DESCRIPTION - ------- ----------- 10.1 Industrial Lease between WW&LJ Gateways, Ltd. and Immersion Corporation dated January 11, 2000. 10.2 Amendment #1 to the April 13, 1998 Intellectual Property License Agreement and Technology Product Development Agreement with Logitech, Inc. dated March 21, 2000. 21.1 Subsidiaries of Immersion. 27.1 Financial Data Schedule for the period ended March 31, 2000.
(b) Reports on Form 8-K The Company filed a Current Report on Form 8-K on March 24, 2000 reporting the completion of the Company's acquisition of Haptic Technologies Inc. on March 9, 2000. 23 SIGNATURES Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant had duly caused this Report to be signed on behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized. IMMERSION CORPORATION Registrant Date: May 12, 2000 /s/ LOUIS ROSENBERG -------------------------------------------------- Louis Rosenberg Chairman, President and Chief Executive Officer Date: May 12, 2000 /s/ VICTOR VIEGAS --------------------------------------------------- Victor Viegas Vice President, Finance and Chief Financial Officer 24 INDEX TO EXHIBITS
EXHIBIT NUMBER DESCRIPTION - -------- ----------- 10.1 Industrial Lease between WW&LJ Gateways, Ltd. and Immersion Corporation dated January 11, 2000. 10.2 Amendment #1 to the April 13, 1998 Intellectual Property License Agreement and Technology Product Development Agreement with Logitech, Inc. dated March 21, 2000. 21.1 Subsidiaries of Immersion. 27.1 Financial Data Schedule for the period ended March 31, 2000.
EX-10.1 2 EXHIBIT 10.1 1 Exhibit 10.1 INDUSTRIAL LEASE (MULTI-TENANT; NET) BETWEEN WW&LJ GATEWAYS, LTD. AND IMMERSION CORPORATION 2 INDEX TO LEASE ARTICLE I. BASIC LEASE PROVISIONS ARTICLE II. PREMISES Section 2.1 Leased Premises Section 2.2 Acceptance of Premises Section 2.3 Building Name and Address ARTICLE III. TERM Section 3.1 General Section 3.2 Delay in Possession Section 3.3 Right to Extend this Lease ARTICLE IV RENT AND OPERATING EXPENSES Section 4.1 Basic Rent Section 4.2 Operating Expenses Section 4.3 Security Deposit ARTICLE V. USES Section 5.1 Use Section 5.2 Signs Section 5.3 Hazardous Materials ARTICLE VI. COMMON AREAS; SERVICES Section 6.1 Utilities and Services Section 6.2 Operation and Maintenance of Common Areas Section 6.3 Use of Common Areas Section 6.4 Parking Section 6.5 Changes and Additions by Landlord ARTICLE VII. MAINTAINING THE PREMISES Section 7.1 Tenant's Maintenance and Repair Section 7.2 Landlord's Maintenance and Repair Section 7.3 Alterations Section 7.4 Mechanic's Liens Section 7.5 Entry and Inspection Section 7.6 [Intentionally deleted] ARTICLE VIII. TAXES AND ASSESSMENTS ON TENANT'S PROPERTY ARTICLE IX. ASSIGNMENT AND SUBLETTING Section 9.1 Rights of Parties Section 9.2 Effect of Transfer Section 9.3 Sublease Requirements Section 9.4 Certain Transfers ARTICLE X. INSURANCE AND INDEMNITY Section 10.1 Tenant's Insurance Section 10.2 Landlord's Insurance Section 10.3 Tenant's Indemnity Section 10.4 Landlord's Nonliability Section 10.5 Waiver of Subrogation ARTICLE XI. DAMAGE OR DESTRUCTION Section 11.1 Restoration Section 11.2 Lease Governs ARTICLE XII. EMINENT DOMAIN Section 12.1 Total or Partial Taking Section 12.2 Temporary Taking Section 12.3 Taking of Parking Area ARTICLE XIII. SUBORDINATION; ESTOPPEL CERTIFICATE; FINANCIALS Section 13.1 Subordination Section 13.2 Estoppel Certificate Section 13.3 Financials (i) 3 ARTICLE XIV. DEFAULTS AND REMEDIES Section 14.1 Tenant's Defaults Section 14.2 Landlord's Remedies Section 14.3 Late Payments Section 14.4 Right of Landlord to Perform Section 14.5 Default by Landlord Section 14.6 Expenses and Legal Fees Section 14.7 Waiver of Jury Trial Section 14.8 Satisfaction of Judgment Section 14.9 Limitation of Actions Against Landlord ARTICLE XV. END OF TERM Section 15.1 Holding Over Section 15.2 Merger on Termination Section 15.3 Surrender of Premises; Removal of Property ARTICLE XVI. PAYMENTS AND NOTICES ARTICLE XVII. RULES AND REGULATIONS ARTICLE XVIII. BROKER'S COMMISSION ARTICLE XIX. TRANSFER OF LANDLORD'S INTEREST ARTICLE XX. INTERPRETATION Section 20.1 Gender and Number Section 20.2 Headings Section 20.3 Joint and Several Liability Section 20.4 Successors Section 20.5 Time of Essence Section 20.6 Controlling Law Section 20.7 Severability Section 20.8 Waiver and Cumulative Remedies Section 20.9 Inability to Perform Section 20.10 Entire Agreement Section 20.11 Quiet Enjoyment Section 20.12 Survival ARTICLE XXI. EXECUTION AND RECORDING Section 21.1 Counterparts Section 21.2 Corporate and Partnership Authority Section 21.3 Execution of Lease; No Option or Offer Section 21.4 Recording Section 21.5 Amendments Section 21.6 Executed Copy Section 21.7 Attachments ARTICLE XXII MISCELLANEOUS Section 22.1 Nondisclosure of Lease Terms Section 22.2 Guaranty Section 22.3 Changes Requested by Lender Section 22.4 Mortgagee Protection Section 22.5 Covenants and Conditions Section 22.6 Security Measures EXHIBITS Exhibit A Description of Premises Exhibit B Environmental Questionnaire Exhibit C Landlord's Disclosures Exhibit D Insurance Requirements Exhibit E Rules and Regulations Exhibit X Work Letter Exhibit Y Project Site Plan (ii) 4 INDUSTRIAL LEASE (MULTI-TENANT; NET) THIS LEASE is made as of the 11th day of January, 2000, by and between WW&LJ GATEWAYS, LTD., a California limited partnership, hereafter called "Landlord," and IMMERSION CORPORATION, a Delaware corporation, hereinafter called "Tenant." ARTICLE I. BASIC LEASE PROVISIONS Each reference in this Lease to the "Basic Lease Provisions" shall mean and refer to the following collective terms, the application of which shall be governed by the provisions in the remaining Articles of this Lease. 1. Premises: 801 Fox Lane, San Jose, CA 95131 (the Premises are more particularly described in Section 2.1). Address of Building: 801 - 821 Fox Lane, San Jose, CA 95131 2. Project Description (if applicable): 801 Fox Lane/821 Fox Lane 3. Use of Premises: Office, Research & Development, Manufacturing, Distribution, Assembly, Storage and Other Legal Related Uses. 4. Estimated Commencement Date: February 1, 2000 5. Lease Term: Sixty (60) months, plus such additional days as may be required to cause this Lease to terminate on the final day of the calendar month. 6. Basic Rent: Sixty Six Thousand Seven Hundred Thirty-Five Dollars ($66,735.00) per month, based on $1.40 per rentable square foot. Basic Rent is subject to adjustment as follows: Commencing twelve (12) months following the Commencement Date, the Basic Rent shall be Sixty Eight Thousand Six Hundred Forty-Two Dollars ($68,642.00) per month, based on $1.44 per rentable square foot. Commencing twenty-four (24) months following the Commencement Date, the Basic Rent shall be Seventy One Thousand Twenty-Five Dollars ($71,025.00) per month, based on $1.49 per rentable square foot. Commencing thirty-six (36) months following the Commencement Date, the Basic Rent shall be Seventy Two Thousand Nine Hundred Thirty-Two Dollars ($72,932.00) per month, based on $1.53 per rentable square foot. Commencing forty-eight (48) months following the Commencement Date, the Basic Rent shall be Seventy Five Thousand Three Hundred Fifteen Dollars ($75,315.00) per month, based on $1.58 per rentable square foot. 7. Guarantor(s): None 8. Floor Area of Premises: Approximately 47,668 rentable square feet 9. Security Deposit: $82,847.00 10. Broker(s): Cornish & Carey 11. Additional Insureds: Insignia/ESG of California, Inc. 12. Address for Payments and Notices: LANDLORD TENANT INSIGNIA/ESG OF CALIFORNIA, INC. IMMERSION CORPORATION 160 West Santa Clara Street, Suite 1350 801 Fox Lane San Jose, CA 95113 San Jose, CA 95131 1 5 with a copy of notices to: IRVINE INDUSTRIAL COMPANY P.O. Box 6370 Newport Beach, CA 92658-6370 Attn: Vice President, Industrial Operations 13. Tenant's Liability Insurance Requirement: $2,000,000.00 14. Vehicle Parking Spaces: 180 unreserved parking spaces 15. Plan Approval Date: January 31, 2000 2 6 ARTICLE II. PREMISES SECTION 2.1. LEASED PREMISES. Landlord leases to Tenant and Tenant leases from Landlord the premises shown in Exhibit A (the "Premises"), containing approximately the floor area set forth in Item 8 of the Basic Lease Provisions and known by the suite number identified in Item 1 of the Basic Lease Provisions. The Premises are located in the building identified in Item 1 of the Basic Lease Provisions (which together with the underlying real property, is called the "Building"), and is a portion of the project shown in Exhibit Y (the "Project"). Tenant understands that the floor area set forth in Item 8 of the Basic Lease Provisions may include, at Landlord's option, a factor approximating the total square footage of any common lobby or internal common features of the Building times the ratio of the actual square footage of the Premises to the total square footage of the Building. If, upon completion of the space plans for the Premises, Landlord's architect or space planner determines that the rentable square footage of the Premises differs from that set forth in the Basic Lease Provisions, then Landlord shall so notify Tenant and the Basic Rent (as shown in Item 6 of the Basic Lease Provisions) shall be promptly adjusted in proportion to the change in square footage. Within five (5) days following Landlord's request, the parties shall memorialize the adjustments by executing an amendment to this Lease prepared by Landlord, provided that the failure or refusal by either party to execute the amendment shall not affect its validity. SECTION 2.2. ACCEPTANCE OF PREMISES. Tenant acknowledges that neither Landlord nor any representative of Landlord has made any representation or warranty with respect to the Premises or the Building or the suitability or fitness of either for any purpose, including without limitation any representations or warranties regarding zoning or other land use matters, and that neither Landlord nor any representative of Landlord has made any representations or warranties regarding (i) what other tenants or uses may be permitted or intended in the Building and the Project, or (ii) any exclusivity of use by Tenant with respect to its permitted use of the Premises as set forth in Item 3 of the Basic Lease Provisions. Tenant further acknowledges that neither Landlord nor any representative of Landlord has agreed to undertake any alterations or additions or construct any improvements to the Premises except as expressly provided in this Lease. The taking of possession or use of the Premises by Tenant for any purpose other than construction shall conclusively establish that the Premises and the Building were in satisfactory condition and in conformity with the provisions of this Lease in all respects, except for those matters which Tenant shall have brought to Landlord's attention on a written punch list. The list shall be limited to any items required to be accomplished by Landlord under the Work Letter attached as Exhibit X, and shall be delivered to Landlord within thirty (30) days after the term ("Term") of this Lease commences as provided in Article III below. If no items are required of Landlord under the Work Letter, by taking possession of the Premises Tenant accepts the improvements in their existing condition, and waives any right or claim against Landlord arising out of the condition of the Premises. Nothing contained in this Section shall affect the commencement of the Term or the obligation of Tenant to pay rent. Landlord shall diligently complete all punch list items of which it is notified as provided above. SECTION 2.3. BUILDING NAME AND ADDRESS. Tenant shall not utilize any name selected by Landlord from time to time for the Building and/or the Project as any part of Tenant's corporate or trade name. Landlord shall have the right to change the name, address, number or designation of the Building or Project without liability to Tenant. ARTICLE III. TERM SECTION 3.1. GENERAL. The Term shall be for the period shown in Item 5 of the Basic Lease Provisions. Subject to the provisions of Section 3.2 below, the Term shall commence ("Commencement Date") on the earlier of (a) the date upon which all relevant governmental authorities have approved the Tenant Improvements in accordance with applicable building codes, as evidenced by written approval thereof in accordance with the building permits issued for the Tenant Improvements or issuance of a temporary or final certificate of occupancy for the Premises, or (b) the date Tenant acquires possession or commences use of the Premises for any purpose other than construction of Tenant Improvements by Tenant under the Work Letter. Within ten (10) days after possession of the Premises is tendered to Tenant, the parties shall memorialize on a form provided by Landlord the actual Commencement Date and the expiration date ("Expiration Date") of this Lease. Tenant's failure to execute that form shall not affect the validity of Landlord's determination of those dates. SECTION 3.2. DELAY IN POSSESSION. If Landlord, for any reason whatsoever, cannot deliver possession of the Premises to Tenant on or before the Estimated Commencement Date, this Lease shall not be void or voidable nor shall Landlord be liable to Tenant for any resulting loss or damage. However, Tenant shall not be liable for any rent and the Commencement Date shall not occur until Landlord delivers possession of the Premises and the Premises are in fact available for Tenant's occupancy with any Tenant Improvements that have been approved as per Section 3.1(a) above, except that if Landlord's failure to so deliver possession on the Estimated Commencement Date is attributable to any action or inaction by Tenant (including without limitation any Tenant Delay described in the Work Letter attached to this Lease), then the Commencement Date shall not be advanced to the date on which possession of the Premises is tendered to Tenant, and Landlord shall be entitled to full performance by Tenant (including the payment of rent) from the date Landlord would have been able to deliver the Premises to 3 7 Tenant but for Tenant's delay(s). SECTION 3.3 RIGHT TO EXTEND THIS LEASE. Provided that Tenant is not in default under any provision of this Lease, either at the time of exercise of the extension right granted herein or at the time of the commencement of such extension, and provided further that Tenant is occupying the entire Premises and has not assigned or sublet any of its interest in this Lease, Tenant may extend the Term of this Lease for one (1) period of sixty (60) months. Tenant shall exercise its right to extend the Term by and only by delivering to Landlord, not less than six (6) months or more than nine (9) months prior to the expiration date of the Term, Tenant's irrevocable written notice of its commitment to extend (the "Commitment Notice"). The Basic Rent payable under the Lease during any extension of the Term shall be determined as provided in the following provisions. If Landlord and Tenant have not by then been able to agree upon the Basic Rent for the extension of the Term, then within one hundred twenty (120) and ninety (90) days prior to the expiration date of the Term, Landlord shall notify Tenant in writing of the Basic Rent that would reflect the prevailing market rental rate for a 60-month renewal of comparable space in the Project (together with any increases thereof during the extension period) as of the commencement of the extension period ("Landlord's Determination"). Should Tenant disagree with the Landlord's Determination, then Tenant shall, not later than twenty (20) days thereafter, notify Landlord in writing of Tenant's determination of those rental terms ("Tenant's Determination"). In no event, however, shall Landlord's Determination or Tenant's Determination be less than the Basic Rent payable by Tenant during the final month of the initial Term. Within ten (10) days following delivery of the Tenant's Determination, the parties shall attempt to agree on an appraiser to determine the fair market rental. If the parties are unable to agree in that time, then each party shall designate an appraiser within ten (10) days thereafter. Should either party fail to so designate an appraiser within that time, then the appraiser designated by the other party shall determine the fair market rental. Should each of the parties timely designate an appraiser, then the two appraisers so designated shall appoint a third appraiser who shall, acting alone, determine the fair market rental for the Premises. Any appraiser designated hereunder shall have an MAI certification with not less than five (5) years experience in the valuation of commercial industrial buildings in the vicinity of the Project. Within thirty (30) days following the selection of the appraiser and such appraiser's receipt of the Landlord's Determination and the Tenant's Determination, the appraiser shall determine whether the rental rate determined by Landlord or by Tenant more accurately reflects the fair market rental rate for the 60-month renewal of the Lease for the Premises, as reasonably extrapolated to the commencement of the extension period. Accordingly, either the Landlord's Determination or the Tenant's Determination shall be selected by the appraiser as the fair market rental rate for the extension period. In making such determination, the appraiser shall consider rental comparables for the Project (provided that if there are an insufficient number of comparables within the project, the appraiser shall consider rental comparables for similarly improved space within the vicinity of the Project with appropriate adjustment for location and quality of project), but the appraiser shall not attribute any factor for market tenant improvement allowances or brokerage commissions in making its determination of the fair market rental rate. At any time before the decision of the appraiser is rendered, either party may, by written notice to the other party, accept the rental terms submitted by the other party, in which event such terms shall be deemed adopted as the agreed fair market rental. The fees of the appraiser(s) shall be borne entirely by the party whose determination of the fair market rental rate was not accepted by the appraiser. Within twenty (20) days after the determination of the fair market rental, Landlord shall prepare an appropriate amendment to this Lease for the extension period, and Tenant shall execute and return same to Landlord within twenty (20) days. Should the fair market rental not be established by the commencement of the extension period, then Tenant shall continue paying rent at the rate in effect during the last month of the initial Term, and a lump sum adjustment shall be made promptly upon the determination of such new rental. If Tenant fails to timely comply with any of the provisions of this paragraph, Tenant's right to extend the Term shall be extinguished and the Lease shall automatically terminate as of the expiration date of the Term, without any extension and without any liability to Landlord. Any attempt to assign or transfer any right or interest created by this paragraph shall be void from its inception. Tenant shall have no other right to extend the Term beyond the single sixty (60) month extension period created by this paragraph. Unless agreed to in a writing signed by Landlord and Tenant, any extension of the Term, whether created by an amendment to this Lease or by a holdover of the Premises by Tenant, or otherwise, shall be deemed a part of, and not in addition to, any duly exercised extension period permitted by this paragraph. ARTICLE IV. RENT AND OPERATING EXPENSES SECTION 4.1. BASIC RENT. From and after the Commencement Date, Tenant shall pay to Landlord without deduction or offset, Basic Rent for the Premises in the total amount shown (including subsequent adjustments, if any) in Item 6 of the Basic Lease Provisions. Any rental adjustment shown in Item 6 shall be deemed to occur on the specified monthly anniversary of the Commencement Date, whether or not that date occurs at the end of a calendar month. The rent shall be due and payable in advance commencing on the Commencement Date (as prorated for any partial month) and continuing thereafter on the first day of each successive calendar month of the Term. No demand, notice or invoice shall be required for the payment of Basic Rent. An installment of rent in the 4 8 amount of one (1) full month's Basic Rent at the initial rate specified in Item 6 of the Basic Lease Provisions shall be delivered to Landlord concurrently with Tenant's execution of this Lease and shall be applied against the Basic Rent first due hereunder. SECTION 4.2. OPERATING EXPENSES. (a) Tenant shall pay to Landlord, as additional rent, Tenant's Share of "Operating Expenses", as defined below, incurred by Landlord in the operation of the Building and Project. The term "Tenant's Share" means that portion of an Operating Expense determined by multiplying the cost of such item by a fraction, the numerator of which is the floor area of the Premises and the denominator of which is the total square footage of the floor area, as of the date on which the computation is made, to be charged with such Operating Expense. (b) Commencing prior to the start of the first full "Expense Recovery Period" (as defined below) of the Lease, and prior to the start of each full or partial Expense Recovery Period thereafter, Landlord shall give Tenant a written estimate of the amount of Tenant's Share of Operating Expenses for the Expense Recovery Period. Tenant shall pay the estimated amounts to Landlord in equal monthly installments, in advance, with Basic Rent. If Landlord has not furnished its written estimate for any Expense Recovery Period by the time set forth above, Tenant shall continue to pay cost reimbursements at the rates established for the prior Expense Recovery Period, if any; provided that when the new estimate is delivered to Tenant, Tenant shall, at the next monthly payment date, pay any accrued cost reimbursements based upon the new estimate. For purposes hereof, "Expense Recovery Period" shall mean every twelve month period during the Term (or portion thereof for the first and last lease years) commencing July 1 and ending June 30. (c) Within one hundred twenty (120) days after the end of each Expense Recovery Period, Landlord shall furnish to Tenant a statement showing in reasonable detail the actual or prorated Operating Expenses incurred by Landlord during the period, and the parties shall within thirty (30) days thereafter make any payment or allowance necessary to adjust Tenant's estimated payments, if any, to the actual Tenant's Share as shown by the annual statement. Any delay or failure by Landlord in delivering any statement hereunder shall not constitute a waiver of Landlord's right to require Tenant to pay Tenant's Share of Operating Expenses pursuant hereto. Any amount due Tenant shall be credited against installments next coming due under this Section 4.2, and any deficiency shall be paid by Tenant together with the next installment. If Tenant has not made estimated payments during the Expense Recovery Period, any amount owing by Tenant pursuant to subsection (a) above shall be paid to Landlord in accordance with Article XVI. Should Tenant fail to object in writing to Landlord's determination of actual Operating Expenses within sixty (60) days following delivery of Landlord's expense statement, Landlord's determination of actual Operating Expenses for the applicable Expense Recovery Period shall be conclusive and binding on the parties and any future claims to the contrary shall be barred. Provided Tenant is not then in default under this Lease beyond any applicable notice and cure periods, Tenant shall have the right to have an independent certified public accountant audit Landlord's Operating Expenses, subject to the terms and conditions hereof. The cost of the audit shall be borne by Tenant; provided, however, in no event shall such auditor be compensated by Tenant on a "contingency" basis, or on any other basis tied to the results of said audit. Tenant shall give written notice to Landlord of Tenant's intent to audit Operating Expenses, if at all, within sixty (60) days following delivery of Landlord's expense statement for the Expense Recovery Period in question. Following at least ten (10) business days notice to Landlord, such audit shall be conducted at a mutually agreeable time during normal business hours at the office of Landlord or its management agent where records are maintained in Santa Clara County, California. Landlord shall in good faith cooperate with Tenant during any such audit. All information obtained by Tenant and/or its auditor in connection with any audit, as well as any compromise, settlement or adjustment reached between Landlord and Tenant as a result thereof, shall be held in strict confidence by Tenant and its auditor and, except as may be required pursuant to any litigation or as may otherwise be required by law, shall not be disclosed to any third party, directly or indirectly, by Tenant or its auditor or any of their respective officers, agents or employees. Landlord may require Tenant's auditor to execute a separate confidentiality agreement affirming the foregoing as a condition precedent to any audit. If, following Landlord's review of Tenant's audit, Landlord disputes the same, Landlord shall have the right, upon written notice to Tenant within a reasonable time following its receipt of the audit, to contest such audit by demanding binding arbitration with JAMS Endispute in Santa Clara County, California ("JAMS"). Tenant agrees to submit to such arbitration upon such written notice from Landlord. Within ten (10) business days following submission of the dispute by Landlord to JAMS, JAMS shall designate three (3) arbitrators and each party may, within five (5) business days thereafter, veto one (1) of the three (3) persons so designated. If two (2) different designated arbitrators have been vetoed, the third arbitrator shall hear and decide the matter. Any arbitration pursuant to this paragraph shall be decided within thirty (30) days of submission to JAMS. The decision of the arbitrator shall be final and binding on the parties. The award rendered by the arbitrator shall be final, and judgment may be entered upon it in accordance with applicable law in any court having jurisdiction thereof. Except by written consent of the person or entity sought to be joined, no arbitration under this paragraph shall include, by consolidation, joinder or in any other manner, any person or entity not a party to this Lease unless (i) such person or entity is substantially involved in a common question of fact or law, (ii) the presence of such person or entity is required if complete relief is to be accorded in the arbitration, or (iii) the interest or responsibility of such person or entity in the matter in not insubstantial. All costs associated with the arbitration (excluding the cost of the audit) shall be awarded to the 5 9 prevailing party as determined by the arbitrator. The foregoing agreement to arbitrate shall be specifically enforceable under prevailing law. (d) Even though the Lease has terminated and the Tenant has vacated the Premises, when the final determination is made of Tenant's Share of Operating Expenses for the Expense Recovery Period in which the Lease terminates, Tenant shall upon notice pay the entire increase due over the estimated expenses paid. Conversely, any overpayment made in the event expenses decrease shall be rebated by Landlord to Tenant. (e) If, at any time during any Expense Recovery Period, any one or more of the Operating Expenses are increased to a rate(s) or amount(s) in excess of the rate(s) or amount(s) used in calculating the estimated expenses for the year, then the estimate of Tenant's Share of Operating Expenses shall be increased for the month in which such rate(s) or amount(s) becomes effective and for all succeeding months by an amount equal to Tenant's Share of the increase. Landlord shall give Tenant written notice of the amount or estimated amount of the increase, the month in which the increase will become effective, Tenant's Share thereof and the month for which the payments are due. Tenant shall pay the increase to Landlord as a part of Tenant's monthly payments of estimated expenses as provided in paragraph (b) above, commencing with the month in which effective. (f) The term "Operating Expenses" shall mean and include all "Project Costs" (as hereafter defined) and "Property Taxes" (as hereafter defined). (g) The term "Project Costs" shall include all expenses of operation and maintenance of the Building and the Project, together with all appurtenant Common Areas (as defined in Section 6.2), and shall include the following charges by way of illustration but not limitation: water and sewer charges; insurance premiums or reasonable premium equivalents should Landlord elect to self-insure any risk that Landlord is authorized to insure hereunder; license, permit, and inspection fees; heat; light; power; janitorial services to any interior Common Areas; air conditioning; supplies; materials; equipment; tools; the cost of any environmental, insurance, tax or other consultant utilized by Landlord in connection with the Building and/or Project; establishment of reasonable reserves for replacements and/or repair of the Building and/or Common Area improvements, equipment and supplies; costs incurred in connection with compliance of any laws or changes in laws applicable to the Building or the Project; the cost of any capital investments (other than tenant improvements for specific tenants) to the extent of the amortized amount thereof over the useful life of such capital investments calculated at a market cost of funds, all as determined by Landlord, for each such year of useful life during the Term; costs associated with the procurement and maintenance of an air conditioning, heating and ventilation service agreement, and procurement and maintenance of an intrabuilding network cable service agreement for any intrabuilding network cable telecommunications lines within the Project, and any other installation, maintenance, repair and replacement costs associated with such lines; labor; reasonably allocated wages and salaries, fringe benefits, and payroll taxes for administrative and other personnel directly applicable to the Building and/or Project, including both Landlord's personnel and outside personnel; any expense incurred pursuant to Sections 6.1, 6.2, 6.4, 7.2, and 10.2; and a reasonable overhead/management fee for the professional operation of the Project. Notwithstanding anything to the contrary herein, Tenant's Share of any such property management fees shall be determined by multiplying the actual property management fee charged (which from time to time may be with respect to the Building only, a portion of the Project only, the entire Project, or the Project together with other properties owned by Landlord and/or its affiliates) by a fraction, the numerator of which is the floor area of the Premises (as set forth in Item 8 of the Basic Lease Provisions contained in the Lease), and the denominator of which is the total square footage of space charged with such management fee actually leased to tenants (including Tenant). It is understood that Project Costs shall include competitive charges for direct services provided by any subsidiary or division of Landlord. (h) The term "Property Taxes" as used herein shall include the following: (i) all real estate taxes or personal property taxes, as such property taxes may be reassessed from time to time; and (ii) other taxes, charges and assessments which are levied with respect to this Lease or to the Building and/or the Project, and any improvements, fixtures and equipment and other property of Landlord located in the Building and/or the Project, except that general net income and franchise taxes imposed against Landlord shall be excluded; and (iii) all assessments and fees for public improvements, services, and facilities and impacts thereon, including without limitation arising out of any Community Facilities Districts, "Mello Roos" districts, similar assessment districts, and any traffic impact mitigation assessments or fees; (iv) any tax, surcharge or assessment which shall be levied in addition to or in lieu of real estate or personal property taxes, other than taxes covered by Article VIII; and (v) costs and expenses incurred in contesting the amount or validity of any Property Tax by appropriate proceedings. SECTION 4.3. SECURITY DEPOSIT. Concurrently with Tenant's delivery of this Lease, Tenant shall deposit with Landlord the sum, if any, stated in Item 9 of the Basic Lease Provisions, to be held by Landlord as security for the full and faithful performance of Tenant's obligations under this Lease (the "Security Deposit"). Subject to the last sentence of this Section, the Security Deposit shall be understood and agreed to be the property of Landlord upon Landlord's receipt thereof, and may be utilized by Landlord in its discretion towards the payment of all prepaid expenses by Landlord for which Tenant would be required to reimburse Landlord under this Lease, including without limitation brokerage commissions and Tenant Improvement costs. Upon any default by Tenant, including specifically Tenant's failure to pay rent or to abide by its obligations under Sections 7.1 and 15.3 below, whether or not Landlord is informed of or has knowledge of the default, the Security Deposit shall be deemed to be 6 10 automatically and immediately applied, without waiver of any rights Landlord may have under this Lease or at law or in equity as a result of the default, as a setoff for full or partial compensation for that default. If any portion of the Security Deposit is applied after a default by Tenant, Tenant shall within five (5) days after written demand by Landlord deposit cash with Landlord in an amount sufficient to restore the Security Deposit to its original amount. Landlord shall not be required to keep this Security Deposit separate from its general funds, and Tenant shall not be entitled to interest on the Security Deposit. If Tenant fully performs its obligations under this Lease, the Security Deposit shall be returned to Tenant (or, at Landlord's option, to the last assignee of Tenant's interest in this Lease) after the expiration of the Term, provided that Landlord may retain the Security Deposit to the extent and until such time as all amounts due from Tenant in accordance with this Lease have been determined and paid in full. ARTICLE V. USES SECTION 5.1. USE. Tenant shall use the Premises only for the purposes stated in Item 3 of the Basic Lease Provisions, all in accordance with applicable laws and restrictions and pursuant to approvals to be obtained by Tenant from all relevant and required governmental agencies and authorities. The parties agree that any contrary use shall be deemed to cause material and irreparable harm to Landlord and shall entitle Landlord to injunctive relief in addition to any other available remedy. Tenant, at its expense, shall procure, maintain and make available for Landlord's inspection throughout the Term, all governmental approvals, licenses and permits required for the proper and lawful conduct of Tenant's permitted use of the Premises. Tenant shall not do or permit anything to be done in or about the Premises which will in any way interfere with the rights of other occupants of the Building or the Project, or use or allow the Premises to be used for any unlawful purpose, nor shall Tenant permit any nuisance or commit any waste in the Premises or the Project. Tenant shall not perform any work or conduct any business whatsoever in the Project other than inside the Premises. Tenant shall not do or permit to be done anything which will invalidate or increase the cost of any insurance policy(ies) covering the Building, the Project and/or their contents, and shall comply with all applicable insurance underwriters rules and the requirements of the Pacific Fire Rating Bureau or any other organization performing a similar function. Tenant shall comply at its expense with all present and future laws, ordinances, restrictions, regulations, orders, rules and requirements of all governmental authorities that pertain to Tenant or its use of the Premises, including without limitation all federal and state occupational health and safety requirements, whether or not Tenant's compliance will necessitate expenditures or interfere with its use and enjoyment of the Premises. Tenant shall comply at its expense with all present and future covenants, conditions, easements or restrictions now or hereafter affecting or encumbering the Building and/or Project, and any amendments or modifications thereto, including without limitation the payment by Tenant of any periodic or special dues or assessments charged against the Premises or Tenant which may be allocated to the Premises or Tenant in accordance with the provisions thereof. Tenant shall promptly upon demand reimburse Landlord for any additional insurance premium charged by reason of Tenant's failure to comply with the provisions of this Section, and shall indemnify Landlord from any liability and/or expense resulting from Tenant's noncompliance. SECTION 5.2 SIGNS. Except as approved in writing by Landlord, in its sole discretion, Tenant shall have no right to maintain identification signs in any location in, on or about the Premises, the Building or the Project and shall not place or erect any signs, displays or other advertising materials that are visible from the exterior of the Building. The size, design, graphics, material, style, color and other physical aspects of any permitted sign shall be subject to Landlord's written approval prior to installation (which approval may be withheld in Landlord's discretion), any covenants, conditions or restrictions encumbering the Premises, Landlord's signage program for the Project, as in effect from time to time and approved by the City in which the Premises are located ("Signage Criteria"), and any applicable municipal or other governmental permits and approvals. Tenant acknowledges having received and reviewed a copy of the current Signage Criteria for the Project. Tenant shall be responsible for the cost of any permitted sign, including the fabrication, installation, maintenance and removal thereof. If Tenant fails to maintain its sign, or if Tenant fails to remove same upon termination of this Lease and repair any damage caused by such removal, Landlord may do so at Tenant's expense. SECTION 5.3 HAZARDOUS MATERIALS. (a) For purposes of this Lease, the term "Hazardous Materials" includes (i) any "hazardous materials" as defined in Section 25501(n) of the California Health and Safety Code, (ii) any other substance or matter which results in liability to any person or entity from exposure to such substance or matter under any statutory or common law theory, and (iii) any substance or matter which is in excess of permitted levels set forth in any federal, California or local law or regulation pertaining to any hazardous or toxic substance, material or waste. (b) Tenant shall not cause or permit any Hazardous Materials to be brought upon, stored, used, generated, released or disposed of on, under, from or about the Premises (including without limitation the soil and groundwater thereunder) without the prior written consent of Landlord. Notwithstanding the foregoing, Tenant shall have the right, without obtaining prior written consent of Landlord, to utilize within the Premises standard office products that may contain Hazardous Materials (such as photocopy toner, "White Out", and the like), provided however, that (i) Tenant shall maintain such products in their original retail packaging, shall follow all instructions on such 7 11 packaging with respect to the storage, use and disposal of such products, and shall otherwise comply with all applicable laws with respect to such products, and (ii) all of the other terms and provisions of this Section 5.3 shall apply with respect to Tenant's storage, use and disposal of all such products. Landlord may, in its sole discretion, place such conditions as Landlord deems appropriate with respect to any such Hazardous Materials, and may further require that Tenant demonstrate that any such Hazardous Materials are necessary or useful to Tenant's business and will be generated, stored, used and disposed of in a manner that complies with all applicable laws and regulations pertaining thereto and with good business practices. Tenant understands that Landlord may utilize an environmental consultant to assist in determining conditions of approval in connection with the storage, generation, release, disposal or use of Hazardous Materials by Tenant on or about the Premises, and/or to conduct periodic inspections of the storage, generation, use, release and/or disposal of such Hazardous Materials by Tenant on and from the Premises, and Tenant agrees that any costs incurred by Landlord in connection therewith shall be reimbursed by Tenant to Landlord as additional rent hereunder upon demand. (c) Prior to the execution of this Lease, Tenant shall complete, execute and deliver to Landlord an Environmental Questionnaire and Disclosure Statement (the "Environmental Questionnaire") in the form of Exhibit B attached hereto. The completed Environmental Questionnaire shall be deemed incorporated into this Lease for all purposes, and Landlord shall be entitled to rely fully on the information contained therein. On each anniversary of the Commencement Date until the expiration or sooner termination of this Lease, Tenant shall disclose to Landlord in writing the names and amounts of all Hazardous Materials which were stored, generated, used, released and/or disposed of on, under or about the Premises for the twelve-month period prior thereto, and which Tenant desires to store, generate, use, release and/or dispose of on, under or about the Premises for the succeeding twelve-month period. In addition, to the extent Tenant is permitted to utilize Hazardous Materials upon the Premises, Tenant shall promptly provide Landlord with complete and legible copies of all the following environmental documents relating thereto: reports filed pursuant to any self-reporting requirements; permit applications, permits, monitoring reports, workplace exposure and community exposure warnings or notices and all other reports, disclosures, plans or documents (even those which may be characterized as confidential) relating to water discharges, air pollution, waste generation or disposal, and underground storage tanks for Hazardous Materials; orders, reports, notices, listings and correspondence (even those which may be considered confidential) of or concerning the release, investigation of, compliance, cleanup, remedial and corrective actions, and abatement of Hazardous Materials; and all complaints, pleadings and other legal documents filed by or against Tenant related to Tenant's use, handling, storage, release and/or disposal of Hazardous Materials. (d) Landlord and its agents shall have the right, but not the obligation, to inspect, sample and/or monitor the Premises and/or the soil or groundwater thereunder at any time to determine whether Tenant is complying with the terms of this Section 5.3, and in connection therewith Tenant shall provide Landlord with full access to all relevant facilities, records and personnel. If Tenant is not in compliance with any of the provisions of this Section 5.3, or in the event of a release of any Hazardous Material on, under or about the Premises caused or permitted by Tenant, its agents, employees, contractors, licensees or invitees, Landlord and its agents shall have the right, but not the obligation, without limitation upon any of Landlord's other rights and remedies under this Lease, to immediately enter upon the Premises without notice and to discharge Tenant's obligations under this Section 5.3 at Tenant's expense, including without limitation the taking of emergency or long-term remedial action. Landlord and its agents shall endeavor to minimize interference with Tenant's business in connection therewith, but shall not be liable for any such interference. In addition, Landlord, at Tenant's expense, shall have the right, but not the obligation, to join and participate in any legal proceedings or actions initiated in connection with any claims arising out of the storage, generation, use, release and/or disposal by Tenant or its agents, employees, contractors, licensees or invitees of Hazardous Materials on, under, from or about the Premises. (e) If the presence of any Hazardous Materials on, under, from or about the Premises or the Project caused or permitted by Tenant or its agents, employees, contractors, licensees or invitees results in (i) injury to any person, (ii) injury to or any contamination of the Premises or the Project, or (iii) injury to or contamination of any real or personal property wherever situated, Tenant, at its expense, shall promptly take all actions necessary to return the Premises and the Project and any other affected real or personal property owned by Landlord to the condition existing prior to the introduction of such Hazardous Materials and to remedy or repair any such injury or contamination, including without limitation, any cleanup, remediation, removal, disposal, neutralization or other treatment of any such Hazardous Materials. Notwithstanding the foregoing, Tenant shall not, without Landlord's prior written consent, take any remedial action in response to the presence of any Hazardous Materials on, under or about the Premises or the Project or any other affected real or personal property owned by Landlord or enter into any similar agreement, consent, decree or other compromise with any governmental agency with respect to any Hazardous Materials claims; provided however, Landlord's prior written consent shall not be necessary in the event that the presence of Hazardous Materials on, under or about the Premises or the Project or any other affected real or personal property owned by Landlord (i) imposes an immediate threat to the health, safety or welfare of any individual or (ii) is of such a nature that an immediate remedial response is necessary and it is not possible to obtain Landlord's consent before taking such action. To the fullest extent permitted by law, Tenant shall indemnify, hold harmless, protect and defend (with attorneys acceptable to Landlord) Landlord and any successors to all or any portion of Landlord's interest in the Premises and the Project and any other real or personal property owned by Landlord from and against any and all liabilities, losses, damages, diminution in value, judgments, fines, demands, claims, recoveries, deficiencies, costs and expenses (including without limitation attorneys' fees, court costs and other 8 12 professional expenses), whether foreseeable or unforeseeable, arising directly or indirectly out of the use, generation, storage, treatment, release, on- or off-site disposal or transportation of Hazardous Materials on, into, from, under or about the Premises, the Building and the Project and any other real or personal property owned by Landlord caused or permitted by Tenant, its agents, employees, contractors, licensees or invitees, specifically including without limitation the cost of any required or necessary repair, restoration, cleanup or detoxification of the Premises, the Building and the Project and any other real or personal property owned by Landlord, and the preparation of any closure or other required plans, whether or not such action is required or necessary during the Term or after the expiration of this Lease. If Landlord at any time discovers that Tenant or its agents, employees, contractors, licensees or invitees may have caused or permitted the release of a Hazardous Material on, under, from or about the Premises or the Project or any other real or personal property owned by Landlord, Tenant shall, at Landlord's request, immediately prepare and submit to Landlord a comprehensive plan, subject to Landlord's approval, specifying the actions to be taken by Tenant to return the Premises or the Project or any other real or personal property owned by Landlord to the condition existing prior to the introduction of such Hazardous Materials. Upon Landlord's approval of such cleanup plan, Tenant shall, at its expense, and without limitation of any rights and remedies of Landlord under this Lease or at law or in equity, immediately implement such plan and proceed to cleanup such Hazardous Materials in accordance with all applicable laws and as required by such plan and this Lease. The provisions of this subsection (e) shall expressly survive the expiration or sooner termination of this Lease. (f) Landlord hereby discloses to Tenant, and Tenant hereby acknowledges, certain facts relating to Hazardous Materials at the Project known by Landlord to exist as of the date of this Lease, as more particularly described in Exhibit C attached hereto. Tenant shall have no liability or responsibility with respect to the Hazardous Materials facts described in Exhibit C, nor with respect to any Hazardous Materials which Tenant proves were not caused or permitted by Tenant, its agents, employees, contractors, licensees or invitees. Notwithstanding the preceding two sentences, Tenant agrees to notify its agents, employees, contractors, licensees, and invitees of any exposure or potential exposure to Hazardous Materials at the Premises that Landlord brings to Tenant's attention. ARTICLE VI. COMMON AREAS; SERVICES SECTION 6.1. UTILITIES AND SERVICES. Tenant shall be responsible for and shall pay promptly, directly to the appropriate supplier, all charges for water, gas, electricity, sewer, heat, light, power, telephone, refuse pickup, janitorial service, interior landscape maintenance and all other utilities, materials and services furnished directly to Tenant or the Premises or used by Tenant in, on or about the Premises during the Term, together with any taxes thereon. If any utilities or services are not separately metered or assessed to Tenant, Landlord shall make a reasonable determination of Tenant's proportionate share of the cost of such utilities and services and Tenant shall pay such amount to Landlord, as an item of additional rent, within ten (10) days after receipt of Landlord's statement or invoice therefor. Alternatively, Landlord may elect to include such cost in the definition of Building Costs in which event Tenant shall pay Tenant's proportionate share of such costs in the manner set forth in Section 4.2. Landlord shall not be liable for damages or otherwise for any failure or interruption of any utility or other service furnished to the Premises, and no such failure or interruption shall be deemed an eviction or entitle Tenant to terminate this Lease or withhold or abate any rent due hereunder; provided, however, if any such failure or interruption is due to the sole active negligence or willful misconduct of Landlord, its employees or authorized agents (a "Landlord-Caused Service Interruption") and is not restored by Landlord within five (5) business days following written notice by Tenant of the Landlord-Caused Service Interruption in question, then Tenant shall be entitled to an abatement of Basic Rent reasonably allocable to that portion of the Premises that Tenant is prevented from using by reason of such Landlord-Caused Service Interruption, which abatement shall commence on the sixth (6th) business day following Tenant's notice of the Landlord-Caused Service Interruption in question and shall continue for the balance of the period during which Tenant is so prevented from using the affected portion of the Premises. The foregoing abatement provisions shall be the sole and exclusive remedy of Tenant with respect to any Landlord-Caused Service Interruption. Landlord shall at all reasonable times have free access to all electrical and mechanical installations of Landlord. SECTION 6.2. OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE OF COMMON AREAS. During the Term, Landlord shall operate all Common Areas within the Building and the Project. The term "Common Areas" shall mean all areas within the exterior boundaries of the Building and other buildings in the Project which are not held for exclusive use by persons entitled to occupy space, and all other appurtenant areas and improvements provided by Landlord for the common use of Landlord and tenants and their respective employees and invitees, including without limitation parking areas and structures, driveways, sidewalks, landscaped and planted areas, hallways and interior stairwells not located within the premises of any tenant, common electrical rooms and roof access entries, common entrances and lobbies, elevators, and restrooms not located within the premises of any tenant. SECTION 6.3. USE OF COMMON AREAS. The occupancy by Tenant of the Premises shall include the use of the Common Areas in common with Landlord and with all others for whose convenience and use the Common Areas may be provided by Landlord, subject, however, to compliance with all rules and regulations as are prescribed from time to time by Landlord. Landlord shall operate and maintain the Common Areas in the manner Landlord may determine to be appropriate. All costs incurred by Landlord for the maintenance and operation of the 9 13 Common Areas shall be included in Project Costs unless any particular cost incurred can be charged to a specific tenant of the Project. Landlord shall at all times during the Term have exclusive control of the Common Areas, and may restrain any use or occupancy, except as authorized by Landlord's rules and regulations. Tenant shall keep the Common Areas clear of any obstruction or unauthorized use related to Tenant's operations. Nothing in this Lease shall be deemed to impose liability upon Landlord for any damage to or loss of the property of, or for any injury to, Tenant, its invitees or employees. Landlord may temporarily close any portion of the Common Areas for repairs, remodeling and/or alterations, to prevent a public dedication or the accrual of prescriptive rights, or for any other reason deemed sufficient by Landlord, without liability to Landlord. SECTION 6.4. PARKING. Tenant shall be entitled to the number of vehicle parking spaces set forth in Item 14 of the Basic Lease Provisions, on those portions of the Common Areas designated by Landlord for parking, on an unreserved and unassigned basis. Tenant shall not use more parking spaces than such number. All parking spaces shall be used only for parking by vehicles no larger than full size passenger automobiles or pickup trucks. Tenant shall not permit or allow any vehicles that belong to or are controlled by Tenant or Tenant's employees, suppliers, shippers, customers or invitees to be loaded, unloaded or parked in areas other than those designated by Landlord for such activities. If Tenant permits or allows any of the prohibited activities described above, then Landlord shall have the right, without notice, in addition to such other rights and remedies that Landlord may have, to remove or tow away the vehicle involved and charge the costs to Tenant. Parking within the Common Areas shall be limited to striped parking stalls, and no parking shall be permitted in any driveways, access ways or in any area which would prohibit or impede the free flow of traffic within the Common Areas. There shall be no overnight parking of any vehicles of any kind unless otherwise authorized by Landlord, and vehicles which have been abandoned or parked in violation of the terms hereof may be towed away at the owner's expense. Nothing contained in this Lease shall be deemed to create liability upon Landlord for any damage to motor vehicles of visitors or employees, for any loss of property from within those motor vehicles, or for any injury to Tenant, its visitors or employees, unless ultimately determined to be caused by the sole active negligence or willful misconduct of Landlord. Landlord shall have the right to establish, and from time to time amend, and to enforce against all users all reasonable rules and regulations (including the designation of areas for employee parking) that Landlord may deem necessary and advisable for the proper and efficient operation and maintenance of parking within the Common Areas. Landlord shall have the right to construct, maintain and operate lighting facilities within the parking areas; to change the area, level, location and arrangement of the parking areas and improvements therein; to restrict parking by tenants, their officers, agents and employees to employee parking areas; to enforce parking charges (by operation of meters or otherwise); and to do and perform such other acts in and to the parking areas and improvements therein as, in the use of good business judgment, Landlord shall determine to be advisable. Any person using the parking area shall observe all directional signs and arrows and any posted speed limits. In no event shall Tenant interfere with the use and enjoyment of the parking area by other tenants of the Building or their employees or invitees. Parking areas shall be used only for parking vehicles. Washing, waxing, cleaning or servicing of vehicles, or the storage of vehicles for 24-hour periods, is prohibited unless otherwise authorized by Landlord. Tenant shall be liable for any damage to the parking areas caused by Tenant or Tenant's employees, suppliers, shippers, customers or invitees, including without limitation damage from excess oil leakage. Tenant shall have no right to install any fixtures, equipment or personal property in the parking areas. SECTION 6.5. CHANGES AND ADDITIONS BY LANDLORD. Landlord reserves the right to make alterations or additions to the Building or the Project, or to the attendant fixtures, equipment and Common Areas. Landlord may at any time relocate or remove any of the various buildings, parking areas, and other Common Areas, and may add buildings and areas to the Project from time to time. No change shall entitle Tenant to any abatement of rent or other claim against Landlord, provided that the change does not deprive Tenant of reasonable access to or use of the Premises. ARTICLE VII. MAINTAINING THE PREMISES SECTION 7.1. TENANT'S MAINTENANCE AND REPAIR. Tenant at its sole expense shall comply with all applicable laws and governmental regulations governing the Premises and make all repairs necessary to keep the Premises in the condition as existed on the Commencement Date (or on any later date that the improvements may have been installed), excepting ordinary wear and tear, including without limitation the electrical and mechanical systems, all glass, windows, doors, door closures, hardware, fixtures, electrical, plumbing, fire extinguisher equipment and other equipment. Any damage or deterioration of the Premises shall not be deemed ordinary wear and tear if the same could have been prevented by good maintenance practices by Tenant. As part of its maintenance obligations hereunder, Tenant shall, at Landlord's request, provide Landlord with copies of all maintenance schedules, reports and notices prepared by, for or on behalf of Tenant. All repairs shall be at least equal in quality to the original work, shall be made only by a licensed contractor approved in writing in advance by Landlord (which approval shall not be unreasonably withheld) and shall be made only at the time or times approved by Landlord. Any contractor utilized by Tenant shall be subject to Landlord's standard requirements for contractors, as modified from time to time. Landlord may impose reasonable restrictions and requirements with respect to repairs, as provided in Section 7.3, and the provisions of Section 7.4 shall apply to all repairs. Alternatively, Landlord may elect to make any such repair on behalf of Tenant and at Tenant's expense, and Tenant shall promptly 10 14 reimburse Landlord for all costs incurred upon submission of an invoice, except for those costs incurred by Landlord in connection with the performance of its obligations under Section 7.2 below. SECTION 7.2. LANDLORD'S MAINTENANCE AND REPAIR. Subject to Section 7.1 and Article XI, Landlord shall provide service, maintenance and repair with respect to the roof, foundations, and footings of the Building, all landscaping, walkways, parking areas, Common Areas, exterior lighting, the air conditioning, ventilating or heating equipment servicing the Premises, and the exterior surfaces of the exterior walls of the Building, except that Tenant at its expense shall make all repairs which Landlord deems reasonably necessary as a result of the act or negligence of Tenant, its agents, employees, invitees, subtenants or contractors. Landlord shall have the right to employ or designate any reputable person or firm, including any employee or agent of Landlord or any of Landlord's affiliates or divisions, to perform any service, repair or maintenance function. Landlord need not make any other improvements or repairs except as specifically required under this Lease, and nothing contained in this Section shall limit Landlord's right to reimbursement from Tenant for maintenance, repair costs and replacement costs as provided elsewhere in this Lease. Tenant understands that it shall not make repairs at Landlord's expense or by rental offset. Tenant further understands that Landlord shall not be required to make any repairs to the roof, foundations, footings, structural, electrical or mechanical systems unless and until Tenant has notified Landlord in writing of the need for such repair and Landlord shall have a reasonable period of time thereafter to commence and complete said repair, if warranted. All costs of any maintenance and repairs on the part of Landlord provided hereunder shall be considered part of Project Costs. SECTION 7.3. ALTERATIONS. Tenant shall make no alterations, additions or improvements to the Premises without the prior written consent of Landlord, which consent may be given or withheld in Landlord's sole discretion. Notwithstanding the foregoing, Landlord shall not unreasonably withhold its consent to any alterations, additions or improvements to the Premises which cost less than One Dollar ($1.00) per square foot of the improved portions of the Premises (excluding warehouse square footage) and do not (i) affect the exterior of the Building or outside areas (or be visible from adjoining sites), or (ii) affect or penetrate any of the structural portions of the Building, including but not limited to the roof, or (iii) require any change to the basic floor plan of the Premises, any change to any structural or mechanical systems of the Premises, or any governmental permit as a prerequisite to the construction thereof, or (iv) interfere in any manner with the proper functioning of or Landlord's access to any mechanical, electrical, plumbing or HVAC systems, facilities or equipment located in or serving the Building, or (v) diminish the value of the Premises. Landlord may impose, as a condition to its consent, any requirements that Landlord in its discretion may deem reasonable or desirable, including but not limited to a requirement that all work be covered by a lien and completion bond satisfactory to Landlord and requirements as to the manner, time, and contractor for performance of the work. Tenant shall obtain all required permits for the work and shall perform the work in compliance with all applicable laws, regulations and ordinances, all covenants, conditions and restrictions affecting the Project, and the Rules and Regulations (hereafter defined). Tenant understands and agrees that Landlord shall be entitled to a supervision fee in the amount of five percent (5%) of the cost of the work. If any governmental entity requires, as a condition to any proposed alterations, additions or improvements to the Premises by Tenant, that improvements be made to the Common Areas, and if Landlord consents to such improvements to the Common Areas, then Tenant shall, at Tenant's sole expense, make such required improvements to the Common Areas in such manner, utilizing such materials, and with such contractors (including, if required by Landlord, Landlord's contractors) as Landlord may require in its sole discretion. Under no circumstances shall Tenant make any improvement which incorporates any Hazardous Materials, including without limitation asbestos-containing construction materials into the Premises. Any request for Landlord's consent shall be made in writing and shall contain architectural plans describing the work in detail reasonably satisfactory to Landlord. Unless Landlord otherwise agrees in writing, all alterations, additions or improvements affixed to the Premises (excluding moveable trade fixtures and furniture) shall become the property of Landlord and shall be surrendered with the Premises at the end of the Term, except that Landlord may, by notice to Tenant, require Tenant to remove by the Expiration Date, or sooner termination date of this Lease, all or any alterations, decorations, fixtures, additions, improvements and the like installed either by Tenant or by Landlord at Tenant's request and to repair any damage to the Premises arising from that removal. Except as otherwise provided in this Lease or in any Exhibit to this Lease, should Landlord make any alteration or improvement to the Premises for Tenant, Landlord shall be entitled to prompt reimbursement from Tenant for all costs incurred. SECTION 7.4. MECHANIC'S LIENS. Tenant shall keep the Premises free from any liens arising out of any work performed, materials furnished, or obligations incurred by or for Tenant. Upon request by Landlord, Tenant shall promptly cause any such lien to be released by posting a bond in accordance with California Civil Code Section 3143 or any successor statute. In the event that Tenant shall not, within thirty (30) days following the imposition of any lien, cause the lien to be released of record by payment or posting of a proper bond, Landlord shall have, in addition to all other available remedies, the right to cause the lien to be released by any means it deems proper, including payment of or defense against the claim giving rise to the lien. All expenses so incurred by Landlord, including Landlord's attorneys' fees, and any consequential or other damages incurred by Landlord arising out of such lien, shall be reimbursed by Tenant promptly following Landlord's demand, together with interest from the date of payment by Landlord at the maximum rate permitted by law until paid. Tenant shall give Landlord no less than twenty (20) days' prior notice in writing before commencing construction of any kind on the Premises so that Landlord may post and maintain notices of nonresponsibility on the Premises. 11 15 SECTION 7.5. ENTRY AND INSPECTION. Landlord shall at all reasonable times, upon written or oral notice (except in emergencies, when no notice shall be required) have the right to enter the Premises to inspect them, to supply services in accordance with this Lease, to protect the interests of Landlord in the Premises, and to submit the Premises to prospective or actual purchasers or encumbrance holders (or, during the last one hundred and eighty (180) days of the Term or when an uncured Tenant default exists, to prospective tenants), all without being deemed to have caused an eviction of Tenant and without abatement of rent except as provided elsewhere in this Lease. Landlord shall have the right, if desired, to retain a key which unlocks all of the doors in the Premises, excluding Tenant's vaults and safes, and Landlord shall have the right to use any and all means which Landlord may deem proper to open the doors in an emergency in order to obtain entry to the Premises, and any entry to the Premises obtained by Landlord shall not under any circumstances be deemed to be a forcible or unlawful entry into, or a detainer of, the Premises, or any eviction of Tenant from the Premises. SECTION 7.6. [INTENTIONALLY DELETED]. ARTICLE VIII. TAXES AND ASSESSMENTS ON TENANT'S PROPERTY Tenant shall be liable for and shall pay, at least ten (10) days before delinquency, all taxes and assessments levied against all personal property of Tenant located in the Premises, against all improvements to the Premises made by Landlord or Tenant which are above Landlord's Project standard in quality and/or quantity for comparable space within the Project ("Above Standard Improvements"), and against any alterations, additions or like improvements made to the Premises by or on behalf of Tenant. When possible Tenant shall cause its personal property, Above Standard Improvements and alterations to be assessed and billed separately from the real property of which the Premises form a part. If any taxes on Tenant's personal property, Above Standard Improvements and/or alterations are levied against Landlord or Landlord's property and if Landlord pays the same, or if the assessed value of Landlord's property is increased by the inclusion of a value placed upon the personal property, Above Standard Improvements and/or alterations of Tenant and if Landlord pays the taxes based upon the increased assessment, Tenant shall pay to Landlord the taxes so levied against Landlord or the proportion of the taxes resulting from the increase in the assessment. In calculating what portion of any tax bill which is assessed against Landlord separately, or Landlord and Tenant jointly, is attributable to Tenant's Above Standard Improvements, alterations and personal property, Landlord's reasonable determination shall be conclusive. ARTICLE IX. ASSIGNMENT AND SUBLETTING SECTION 9.1. RIGHTS OF PARTIES. (a) Notwithstanding any provision of this Lease to the contrary, Tenant will not, either voluntarily or by operation of law, assign, sublet, encumber, or otherwise transfer all or any part of Tenant's interest in this lease, or permit the Premises to be occupied by anyone other than Tenant, without Landlord's prior written consent, which consent shall not unreasonably be withheld in accordance with the provisions of Section 9.1(b). No assignment (whether voluntary, involuntary or by operation of law) and no subletting shall be valid or effective without Landlord's prior written consent and, at Landlord's election, any such assignment or subletting or attempted assignment or subletting shall constitute a material default of this Lease. Landlord shall not be deemed to have given its consent to any assignment or subletting by any other course of action, including its acceptance of any name for listing in the Building directory. To the extent not prohibited by provisions of the Bankruptcy Code, 11 U.S.C. Section 101 et seq. (the "Bankruptcy Code"), including Section 365(f)(1), Tenant on behalf of itself and its creditors, administrators and assigns waives the applicability of Section 365(e) of the Bankruptcy Code unless the proposed assignee of the Trustee for the estate of the bankrupt meets Landlord's standard for consent as set forth in Section 9.1(b) of this Lease. If this Lease is assigned to any person or entity pursuant to the provisions of the Bankruptcy Code, any and all monies or other considerations to be delivered in connection with the assignment shall be delivered to Landlord, shall be and remain the exclusive property of Landlord and shall not constitute property of Tenant or of the estate of Tenant within the meaning of the Bankruptcy Code. Any person or entity to which this Lease is assigned pursuant to the provisions of the Bankruptcy Code shall be deemed to have assumed all of the obligations arising under this Lease on and after the date of the assignment, and shall upon demand execute and deliver to Landlord an instrument confirming that assumption. (b If Tenant desires to transfer an interest in this Lease, it shall first notify Landlord of its desire and shall submit in writing to Landlord: (i) the name and address of the proposed transferee; (ii) the nature of any proposed subtenant's or assignee's business to be carried on in the Premises; (iii) the terms and provisions of any proposed sublease or assignment, including a copy of the proposed assignment or sublease form; (iv) evidence of insurance of the proposed assignee or subtenant complying with the requirements of Exhibit D hereto; (v) a completed Environmental Questionnaire from the proposed assignee or subtenant; and (vi) any other information requested by Landlord and reasonably related to the transfer. Except as provided in Subsection (c) of this Section, 12 16 Landlord shall not unreasonably withhold its consent, provided: (1) the use of the Premises will be consistent with the provisions of this Lease and with Landlord's commitment to other tenants of the Building and Project; (2) the proposed assignee or subtenant has not been required by any prior landlord, lender or governmental authority to take remedial action in connection with Hazardous Materials contaminating a property arising out of the proposed assignee's or subtenant's actions or use of the property in question and is not subject to any enforcement order issued by any governmental authority in connection with the use, disposal or storage of a Hazardous Material; (3) at Landlord's election, insurance requirements shall be brought into conformity with Landlord's then current leasing practice; (4) any proposed subtenant or assignee demonstrates that it is financially responsible by submission to Landlord of all reasonable information as Landlord may request concerning the proposed subtenant or assignee, including, but not limited to, a balance sheet of the proposed subtenant or assignee as of a date within ninety (90) days of the request for Landlord's consent, statements of income or profit and loss of the proposed subtenant or assignee for the two-year period preceding the request for Landlord's consent, and/or a certification signed by the proposed subtenant or assignee that it has not been evicted or been in arrears in rent at any other leased premises for the 3-year period preceding the request for Landlord's consent; (5) any proposed subtenant or assignee demonstrates to Landlord's reasonable satisfaction a record of successful experience in business; (6) the proposed assignee or subtenant is not an existing tenant of the Building or Project or a prospect with whom Landlord is negotiating to become a tenant at the Building or Project; and (7) the proposed transfer will not impose additional burdens or adverse tax effects on Landlord. If Tenant has any exterior sign rights under this Lease, such rights are personal to Tenant and may not be assigned or transferred to any assignee of this Lease or subtenant of the Premises without Landlord's prior written consent, which may be withheld in Landlord's sole and absolute discretion. If Landlord consents to the proposed transfer, Tenant may within ninety (90) days after the date of the consent effect the transfer upon the terms described in the information furnished to Landlord; provided that any material change in the terms shall be subject to Landlord's consent as set forth in this Section. Landlord shall approve or disapprove any requested transfer within ten (10) days following receipt of Tenant's written request, the information set forth above, and the fee set forth below. (c) Notwithstanding the provisions of Subsection (b) above, in lieu of consenting to a proposed assignment or subletting, Landlord may elect to (i) sublease the Premises (or the portion proposed to be subleased), or take an assignment of Tenant's interest in this Lease, upon the same terms as offered to the proposed subtenant or assignee (excluding terms relating to the purchase of personal property, the use of Tenant's name or the continuation of Tenant's business), or (ii) terminate this Lease as to the portion of the Premises proposed to be subleased or assigned with a proportionate abatement in the rent payable under this Lease, effective on the date that the proposed sublease or assignment would have become effective. Landlord may thereafter, at its option, assign or re-let any space so recaptured to any third party, including without limitation the proposed transferee of Tenant. (d) Tenant agrees that fifty percent (50%) of any amounts paid by the assignee or subtenant, however described, in excess of (i) the Basic Rent payable by Tenant hereunder, or in the case of a sublease of a portion of the Premises, in excess of the Basic Rent reasonably allocable to such portion, plus (ii) Tenant's direct out-of-pocket costs which Tenant certifies to Landlord have been paid to provide occupancy related services to such assignee or subtenant of a nature commonly provided by landlords of similar space, shall be the property of Landlord and such amounts shall be payable directly to Landlord by the assignee or subtenant or, at Landlord's option, by Tenant. At Landlord's request, a written agreement shall be entered into by and among Tenant, Landlord and the proposed assignee or subtenant confirming the requirements of this subsection. (e) Tenant shall pay to Landlord a fee of Five Hundred Dollars ($500.00) if and when any transfer hereunder is requested by Tenant. Such fee is hereby acknowledged as a reasonable amount to reimburse Landlord for its costs of review and evaluation of a proposed assignee/sublessee, and Landlord shall not be obligated to commence such review and evaluation unless and until such fee is paid. SECTION 9.2. EFFECT OF TRANSFER. No subletting or assignment, even with the consent of Landlord, shall relieve Tenant of its obligation to pay rent and to perform all its other obligations under this Lease. Moreover, Tenant shall indemnify and hold Landlord harmless, as provided in Section 10.3, for any act or omission by an assignee or subtenant. Each assignee, other than Landlord, shall be deemed to assume all obligations of Tenant under this Lease and shall be liable jointly and severally with Tenant for the payment of all rent, and for the due performance of all of Tenant's obligations, under this Lease. No transfer shall be binding on Landlord unless any document memorializing the transfer is delivered to Landlord and both the assignee/subtenant and Tenant deliver to Landlord an executed consent to transfer instrument prepared by Landlord and consistent with the requirements of this Article. The acceptance by Landlord of any payment due under this Lease from any other person shall not be deemed to be a waiver by Landlord of any provision of this Lease or to be a consent to any transfer. Consent by Landlord to one or more transfers shall not operate as a waiver or estoppel to the future enforcement by Landlord of its rights under this Lease. SECTION 9.3. SUBLEASE REQUIREMENTS. The following terms and conditions shall apply to any subletting by Tenant of all or any part of the Premises and shall be deemed included in each sublease: (a) Each and every provision contained in this Lease (other than with respect to the payment of rent 13 17 hereunder) is incorporated by reference into and made a part of such sublease, with "Landlord" hereunder meaning the sublandlord therein and "Tenant" hereunder meaning the subtenant therein. (b) Tenant hereby irrevocably assigns to Landlord all of Tenant's interest in all rentals and income arising from any sublease of the Premises, and Landlord may collect such rent and income and apply same toward Tenant's obligations under this Lease; provided, however, that until a default occurs in the performance of Tenant's obligations under this Lease, Tenant shall have the right to receive and collect the sublease rentals. Landlord shall not, by reason of this assignment or the collection of sublease rentals, be deemed liable to the subtenant for the performance of any of Tenant's obligations under the sublease. Tenant hereby irrevocably authorizes and directs any subtenant, upon receipt of a written notice from Landlord stating that an uncured default exists in the performance of Tenant's obligations under this Lease, to pay to Landlord all sums then and thereafter due under the sublease. Tenant agrees that the subtenant may rely on that notice without any duty of further inquiry and notwithstanding any notice or claim by Tenant to the contrary. Tenant shall have no right or claim against the subtenant or Landlord for any rentals so paid to Landlord. (c) In the event of the termination of this Lease, Landlord may, at its sole option, take over Tenant's entire interest in any sublease and, upon notice from Landlord, the subtenant shall attorn to Landlord. In no event, however, shall Landlord be liable for any previous act or omission by Tenant under the sublease or for the return of any advance rental payments or deposits under the sublease that have not been actually delivered to Landlord, nor shall Landlord be bound by any sublease modification executed without Landlord's consent or for any advance rental payment by the subtenant in excess of one month's rent. The general provisions of this Lease, including without limitation those pertaining to insurance and indemnification, shall be deemed incorporated by reference into the sublease despite the termination of this Lease. SECTION 9.4. CERTAIN TRANSFERS. The sale of all or substantially all of Tenant's assets (other than bulk sales in the ordinary course of business) or, if Tenant is a corporation, an unincorporated association, or a partnership, the transfer, assignment or hypothecation of any stock or interest in such corporation, association, or partnership in the aggregate of twenty-five percent (25%) (except for publicly traded shares of stock constituting a transfer of twenty-five percent (25%) or more in the aggregate, so long as no change in the controlling interest of Tenant occurs as a result thereof) shall be deemed an assignment within the meaning and provisions of this Article. Notwithstanding the foregoing, Landlord's consent shall not be required for the assignment of this Lease as a result of a merger by Tenant with or into another entity, so long as (i) the net worth of the successor entity after such merger is at least equal to the greater of the net worth of Tenant as of the execution of this Lease by Landlord or the net worth of Tenant immediately prior to the date of such merger, evidence of which, satisfactory to Landlord, shall be presented to Landlord prior to such merger, (ii) Tenant shall provide to Landlord, prior to such merger, written notice of such merger and such assignment documentation and other information as Landlord may request in connection therewith, and (iii) all of the other terms and requirements of this Article shall apply with respect to such assignment. ARTICLE X. INSURANCE AND INDEMNITY SECTION 10.1. TENANT'S INSURANCE. Tenant, at its sole cost and expense, shall provide and maintain in effect the insurance described in Exhibit D. Evidence of that insurance must be delivered to Landlord prior to the Commencement Date. SECTION 10.2. LANDLORD'S INSURANCE. Landlord may, at its election, provide any or all of the following types of insurance, with or without deductible and in amounts and coverages as may be determined by Landlord in its discretion: "all risk" property insurance, subject to standard exclusions, covering the Building or Project, and such other risks as Landlord or its mortgagees may from time to time deem appropriate, including leasehold improvements made by Landlord, and commercial general liability coverage. Landlord shall not be required to carry insurance of any kind on Tenant's property, including leasehold improvements, trade fixtures, furnishings, equipment, plate glass, signs and all other items of personal property, and shall not be obligated to repair or replace that property should damage occur. All proceeds of insurance maintained by Landlord upon the Building and Project shall be the property of Landlord, whether or not Landlord is obligated to or elects to make any repairs. At Landlord's option, Landlord may self-insure all or any portion of the risks for which Landlord elects to provide insurance hereunder. SECTION 10.3. TENANT'S INDEMNITY. To the fullest extent permitted by law, Tenant shall defend, indemnify, protect, save and hold harmless Landlord, its agents, and any and all affiliates of Landlord, including, without limitation, any corporations or other entities controlling, controlled by or under common control with Landlord, from and against any and all claims, liabilities, costs or expenses arising either before or after the Commencement Date from Tenant's use or occupancy of the Premises, the Building or the Common Areas, or from the conduct of its business, or from any activity, work, or thing done, permitted or suffered by Tenant or its agents, employees, invitees or licensees in or about the Premises, the Building or the Common Areas, or from any default in the performance of any obligation on Tenant's part to be performed under this Lease, or from any act or negligence 14 18 of Tenant or its agents, employees, visitors, patrons, guests, invitees or licensees. Landlord may, at its option, require Tenant to assume Landlord's defense in any action covered by this Section through counsel satisfactory to Landlord. The provisions of this Section shall expressly survive the expiration or sooner termination of this Lease. SECTION 10.4. LANDLORD'S NONLIABILITY. Landlord shall not be liable to Tenant, its employees, agents and invitees, and Tenant hereby waives all claims against Landlord for loss of or damage to any property, or loss or interruption of business or income, or any other loss, cost, damage, injury or liability whatsoever (including without limitation any consequential damages and lost profit or opportunity costs) resulting from, but not limited to, Acts of God, acts of civil disobedience or insurrection, acts or omissions of other tenants within the Project or their agents, employees, contractors, guests or invitees, fire, explosion, falling plaster, steam, gas, electricity, water or rain which may leak or flow from or into any part of the Premises or from the breakage, leakage, obstruction or other defects of the pipes, sprinklers, wires, appliances, plumbing, air conditioning, electrical works or other fixtures in the Building, whether the damage or injury results from conditions arising in the Premises or in other portions of the Building unless caused by the sole active negligence or willful misconduct of Landlord, its employees or authorized agents (provided, however, Landlord shall in no event be liable to Tenant, its employees, agents, or invitees, and Tenant hereby waives all claims against Landlord, for (i) loss or interruption of Tenant's business or income (including, without limitation, any consequential damages and lost profit or opportunity costs), and/or (ii) any other loss, cost, damage, injury or liability whatsoever resulting from the acts or omissions (criminal or otherwise) of any third parties (other than the sole active negligence or willful misconduct of Landlord's employees or authorized agents), including, without limitation, any other tenants of the Project or their agents, employees, contractors, guests or invitees. It is understood that any such condition may require the temporary evacuation or closure of all or a portion of the Building. Except as provided in Sections 11.1 and 12.1 below, there shall be no abatement of rent and no liability of Landlord by reason of any injury to or interference with Tenant's business (including without limitation consequential damages and lost profit or opportunity costs) arising from the making of any repairs, alterations or improvements to any portion of the Building, including repairs to the Premises, nor shall any related activity by Landlord constitute an actual or constructive eviction; provided, however, that in making repairs, alterations or improvements, Landlord shall interfere as little as reasonably practicable with the conduct of Tenant's business in the Premises. Neither Landlord nor its agents shall be liable for interference with light or other similar intangible interests. Tenant shall immediately notify Landlord in case of fire or accident in the Premises, the Building or the Project and of defects in any improvements or equipment. SECTION 10.5. WAIVER OF SUBROGATION. Landlord and Tenant each hereby waives all rights of recovery against the other and the other's agents on account of loss and damage occasioned to the property of such waiving party to the extent only that such loss or damage is required to be insured against under any "all risk" property insurance policies required by this Article X; provided however, that (i) the foregoing waiver shall not apply to the extent of Tenant's obligations to pay deductibles under any such policies and this Lease, and (ii) if any loss is due to the act, omission or negligence or willful misconduct of Tenant or its agents, employees, contractors, guests or invitees, Tenant's liability insurance shall be primary and shall cover all losses and damages prior to any other insurance hereunder. By this waiver it is the intent of the parties that neither Landlord nor Tenant shall be liable to any insurance company (by way of subrogation or otherwise) insuring the other party for any loss or damage insured against under any "all-risk" property insurance policies required by this Article, even though such loss or damage might be occasioned by the negligence of such party, its agents, employees, contractors, guests or invitees. The provisions of this Section shall not limit the indemnification provisions elsewhere contained in this Lease. ARTICLE XI. DAMAGE OR DESTRUCTION SECTION 11.1. RESTORATION. (a) If the Building of which the Premises are a part is damaged, Landlord shall repair that damage as soon as reasonably possible, at its expense, unless: (i) Landlord reasonably determines that the cost of repair is not covered by Landlord's fire and extended coverage insurance plus such additional amounts Tenant elects, at its option, to contribute, excluding however the deductible (for which Tenant shall be responsible for Tenant's Share); (ii) Landlord reasonably determines that the Premises cannot, with reasonable diligence, be fully repaired by Landlord (or cannot be safely repaired because of the presence of hazardous factors, including without limitation Hazardous Materials, earthquake faults, and other similar dangers) within two hundred seventy (270) days after the date of the damage; (iii) an event of default by Tenant has occurred and is continuing at the time of such damage; or (iv) the damage occurs during the final twelve (12) months of the Term. Should Landlord elect not to repair the damage for one of the preceding reasons, Landlord shall so notify Tenant in writing within sixty (60) days after the damage occurs and this Lease shall terminate as of the date of that notice. (b) Unless Landlord elects to terminate this Lease in accordance with subsection (a) above, this Lease shall continue in effect for the remainder of the Term; provided that so long as Tenant is not in default under this Lease, if the damage is so extensive that Landlord reasonably determines that the Premises cannot, with reasonable diligence, be repaired by Landlord (or cannot be safely repaired because of the presence of hazardous factors, earthquake faults, and other similar dangers) so as to allow Tenant's substantial use and enjoyment of the Premises 15 19 within two hundred seventy (270) days after the date of damage, then Tenant may elect to terminate this Lease by written notice to Landlord within the sixty (60) day period stated in subsection (a). (c) Commencing on the date of any damage to the Building, and ending on the sooner of the date the damage is repaired or the date this Lease is terminated, the rental to be paid under this Lease shall be abated in the same proportion that the floor area of the Premises that is rendered unusable by the damage from time to time bears to the total floor area of the Premises, but only to the extent that any business interruption insurance proceeds are received by Landlord therefor from Tenant's insurance described in Exhibit D. (d) Notwithstanding the provisions of subsections (a), (b) and (c) of this Section, and subject to the provisions of Section 10.5 above, the cost of any repairs shall be borne by Tenant, and Tenant shall not be entitled to rental abatement or termination rights, if the damage is due to the fault or neglect of Tenant or its employees, subtenants, invitees or representatives. In addition, the provisions of this Section shall not be deemed to require Landlord to repair any improvements or fixtures that Tenant is obligated to repair or insure pursuant to any other provision of this Lease. (e) Tenant shall fully cooperate with Landlord in removing Tenant's personal property and any debris from the Premises to facilitate all inspections of the Premises and the making of any repairs. Notwithstanding anything to the contrary contained in this Lease, if Landlord in good faith believes there is a risk of injury to persons or damage to property from entry into the Building or Premises following any damage or destruction thereto, Landlord may restrict entry into the Building or the Premises by Tenant, its employees, agents and contractors in a non-discriminatory manner, without being deemed to have violated Tenant's rights of quiet enjoyment to, or made an unlawful detainer of, or evicted Tenant from, the Premises. Upon request, Landlord shall consult with Tenant to determine if there are safe methods of entry into the Building or the Premises solely in order to allow Tenant to retrieve files, data in computers, and necessary inventory, subject however to all indemnities and waivers of liability from Tenant to Landlord contained in this Lease and any additional indemnities and waivers of liability which Landlord may require. SECTION 11.2. LEASE GOVERNS. Tenant agrees that the provisions of this Lease, including without limitation Section 11.1, shall govern any damage or destruction and shall accordingly supersede any contrary statute or rule of law. ARTICLE XII. EMINENT DOMAIN SECTION 12.1. TOTAL OR PARTIAL TAKING. If all or a material portion of the Premises is taken by any lawful authority by exercise of the right of eminent domain, or sold to prevent a taking, either Tenant or Landlord may terminate this Lease effective as of the date possession is required to be surrendered to the authority. In the event title to a portion of the Building or Project, other than the Premises, is taken or sold in lieu of taking, and if Landlord elects to restore the Building in such a way as to alter the Premises materially, either party may terminate this Lease, by written notice to the other party, effective on the date of vesting of title. In the event neither party has elected to terminate this Lease as provided above, then Landlord shall promptly, after receipt of a sufficient condemnation award, proceed to restore the Premises to substantially their condition prior to the taking, and a proportionate allowance shall be made to Tenant for the rent corresponding to the time during which, and to the part of the Premises of which, Tenant is deprived on account of the taking and restoration. In the event of a taking, Landlord shall be entitled to the entire amount of the condemnation award without deduction for any estate or interest of Tenant; provided that nothing in this Section shall be deemed to give Landlord any interest in, or prevent Tenant from seeking any award against the taking authority for, the taking of personal property and fixtures belonging to Tenant or for relocation or business interruption expenses recoverable from the taking authority. SECTION 12.2. TEMPORARY TAKING. No temporary taking of the Premises shall terminate this Lease or give Tenant any right to abatement of rent, and any award specifically attributable to a temporary taking of the Premises shall belong entirely to Tenant. A temporary taking shall be deemed to be a taking of the use or occupancy of the Premises for a period of not to exceed one hundred eighty (180) days. SECTION 12.3. TAKING OF PARKING AREA. In the event there shall be a taking of the parking area such that Landlord can no longer provide sufficient parking to comply with this Lease, Landlord may substitute reasonably equivalent parking in a location reasonably close to the Building; provided that if Landlord fails to make that substitution within sixty (60) days following the taking and if the taking materially impairs Tenant's use and enjoyment of the Premises, Tenant may, at its option, terminate this Lease by written notice to Landlord. If this Lease is not so terminated by Tenant, there shall be no abatement of rent and this Lease shall continue in effect. 16 20 ARTICLE XIII. SUBORDINATION; ESTOPPEL CERTIFICATE; FINANCIALS SECTION 13.1. SUBORDINATION. At the option of Landlord, this Lease shall be either superior or subordinate to all ground or underlying leases, mortgages and deeds of trust, if any, which may hereafter affect the Building, and to all renewals, modifications, consolidations, replacements and extensions thereof; provided, that so long as Tenant is not in default under this Lease, this Lease shall not be terminated or Tenant's quiet enjoyment of the Premises disturbed in the event of termination of any such ground or underlying lease, or the foreclosure of any such mortgage or deed of trust, to which Tenant has subordinated this Lease pursuant to this Section. In the event of a termination or foreclosure, Tenant shall become a tenant of and attorn to the successor-in-interest to Landlord upon the same terms and conditions as are contained in this Lease, and shall execute any instrument reasonably required by Landlord's successor for that purpose. Tenant shall also, upon written request of Landlord, execute and deliver all instruments as may be required from time to time to subordinate the rights of Tenant under this Lease to any ground or underlying lease or to the lien of any mortgage or deed of trust (provided that such instruments include the nondisturbance and attornment provisions set forth above), or, if requested by Landlord, to subordinate, in whole or in part, any ground or underlying lease or the lien of any mortgage or deed of trust to this Lease. SECTION 13.2. ESTOPPEL CERTIFICATE. (a) Tenant shall, at any time upon not less than ten (10) days prior written notice from Landlord, execute, acknowledge and deliver to Landlord, in any form that Landlord may reasonably require, a statement in writing (i) certifying that this Lease is unmodified and in full force and effect (or, if modified, stating the nature of the modification and certifying that this Lease, as modified, is in full force and effect) and the dates to which the rental, additional rent and other charges have been paid in advance, if any, and (ii) acknowledging that, to Tenant's knowledge, there are no uncured defaults on the part of Landlord, or specifying each default if any are claimed, and (iii) setting forth all further information that Landlord may reasonably require. Tenant's statement may be relied upon by any prospective purchaser or encumbrancer of all or any portion of the Building or Project. (b) Notwithstanding any other rights and remedies of Landlord, Tenant's failure to deliver any estoppel statement within the provided time shall be conclusive upon Tenant that (i) this Lease is in full force and effect, without modification except as may be represented by Landlord, (ii) there are no uncured defaults in Landlord's performance, and (iii) not more than one month's rental has been paid in advance. SECTION 13.3 FINANCIALS. (a) Tenant shall deliver to Landlord, prior to the execution of this Lease and thereafter at any time upon Landlord's request, Tenant's financial statements, certified true, accurate and complete by the chief financial officer of Tenant, including a balance sheet and profit and loss statement for the most recent prior year (collectively, the "Statements"), which Statements shall accurately and completely reflect the financial condition of Tenant. Landlord agrees that it will keep the Statements confidential, except that Landlord shall have the right to deliver the same to any proposed purchaser of the Building or Project, and to any encumbrancer of all or any portion of the Building or Project. (b) Tenant acknowledges that Landlord is relying on the Statements in its determination to enter into this Lease, and Tenant represents to Landlord, which representation shall be deemed made on the date of this Lease and again on the Commencement Date, that no material change in the financial condition of Tenant, as reflected in the Statements, has occurred since the date Tenant delivered the Statements to Landlord. The Statements are represented and warranted by Tenant to be correct and to accurately and fully reflect Tenant's true financial condition as of the date of submission by any Statements to Landlord. ARTICLE XIV. DEFAULTS AND REMEDIES SECTION 14.1. TENANT'S DEFAULTS. In addition to any other event of default set forth in this Lease, the occurrence of any one or more of the following events shall constitute a default by Tenant: (a) The failure by Tenant to make any payment of rent or additional rent required to be made by Tenant, as and when due, where the failure continues for a period of three (3) days after written notice from Landlord to Tenant; provided, however, that any such notice shall be in lieu of, and not in addition to, any notice required under California Code of Civil Procedure Section 1161 and 1161(a) as amended. For purposes of these default and remedies provisions, the term "additional rent" shall be deemed to include all amounts of any type whatsoever other than Basic Rent to be paid by Tenant pursuant to the terms of this Lease. (b) Assignment, sublease, encumbrance or other transfer of the Lease by Tenant, either voluntarily or by operation of law, whether by judgment, execution, transfer by intestacy or testacy, or other means, without the prior 17 21 written consent of Landlord. (c) The discovery by Landlord that any financial statement provided by Tenant, or by any affiliate, successor or guarantor of Tenant, was materially false. (d) The failure of Tenant to timely and fully provide any subordination agreement, estoppel certificate or financial statements in accordance with the requirements of Article XIII. (e) The failure or inability by Tenant to observe or perform any of the express or implied covenants or provisions of this Lease to be observed or performed by Tenant, other than as specified in any other subsection of this Section, where the failure continues for a period of thirty (30) days after written notice from Landlord to Tenant or such shorter period as is specified in any other provision of this Lease; provided, however, that any such notice shall be in lieu of, and not in addition to, any notice required under California Code of Civil Procedure Section 1161 and 1161(a) as amended. However, if the nature of the failure is such that more than thirty (30) days are reasonably required for its cure, then Tenant shall not be deemed to be in default if Tenant commences the cure within thirty (30) days, and thereafter diligently pursues the cure to completion. (f) (i) The making by Tenant of any general assignment for the benefit of creditors; (ii) the filing by or against Tenant of a petition to have Tenant adjudged a Chapter 7 debtor under the Bankruptcy Code or to have debts discharged or a petition for reorganization or arrangement under any law relating to bankruptcy (unless, in the case of a petition filed against Tenant, the same is dismissed within thirty (30) days); (iii) the appointment of a trustee or receiver to take possession of substantially all of Tenant's assets located at the Premises or of Tenant's interest in this Lease, if possession is not restored to Tenant within thirty (30) days; (iv) the attachment, execution or other judicial seizure of substantially all of Tenant's assets located at the Premises or of Tenant's interest in this Lease, where the seizure is not discharged within thirty (30) days; or (v) Tenant's convening of a meeting of its creditors for the purpose of effecting a moratorium upon or composition of its debts. Landlord shall not be deemed to have knowledge of any event described in this subsection unless notification in writing is received by Landlord, nor shall there be any presumption attributable to Landlord of Tenant's insolvency. In the event that any provision of this subsection is contrary to applicable law, the provision shall be of no force or effect. SECTION 14.2. LANDLORD'S REMEDIES. (a) In the event of any default by Tenant, or in the event of the abandonment of the Premises by Tenant, then in addition to any other remedies available to Landlord, Landlord may exercise the following remedies: (i) Landlord may terminate Tenant's right to possession of the Premises by any lawful means, in which case this Lease shall terminate and Tenant shall immediately surrender possession of the Premises to Landlord. Such termination shall not affect any accrued obligations of Tenant under this Lease. Upon termination, Landlord shall have the right to reenter the Premises and remove all persons and property. Landlord shall also be entitled to recover from Tenant: (1) The worth at the time of award of the unpaid rent and additional rent which had been earned at the time of termination; (2) The worth at the time of award of the amount by which the unpaid rent and additional rent which would have been earned after termination until the time of award exceeds the amount of such loss that Tenant proves could have been reasonably avoided; (3) The worth at the time of award of the amount by which the unpaid rent and additional rent for the balance of the Term after the time of award exceeds the amount of such loss that Tenant proves could be reasonably avoided; (4) Any other amount necessary to compensate Landlord for all the detriment proximately caused by Tenant's failure to perform its obligations under this Lease or which in the ordinary course of things would be likely to result from Tenant's default, including, but not limited to, the cost of recovering possession of the Premises, refurbishment of the Premises, marketing costs, commissions and other expenses of reletting, including necessary repair, the unamortized portion of any tenant improvements and brokerage commissions funded by Landlord in connection with this Lease, reasonable attorneys' fees, and any other reasonable costs; and (5) At Landlord's election, all other amounts in addition to or in lieu of the foregoing as may be permitted by law. The term "rent" as used in this Lease shall be deemed to mean the Basic Rent and all other sums required to be paid by Tenant to Landlord pursuant to the terms of this Lease. Any sum, other than Basic Rent, shall be computed on the basis of the average monthly amount accruing during the twenty-four (24) month period immediately prior to default, except that if it becomes necessary to compute such rental before the twenty-four (24) month period has occurred, then the computation shall be on the basis of the average monthly amount during the shorter period. As used in subparagraphs (1) and (2) above, the "worth at the time of award" shall be computed by allowing interest at the rate of ten percent (10%) per annum. As used in subparagraph (3) above, the "worth at 18 22 the time of award" shall be computed by discounting the amount at the discount rate of the Federal Reserve Bank of San Francisco at the time of award plus one percent (1%). (ii) Landlord may elect not to terminate Tenant's right to possession of the Premises, in which event Landlord may continue to enforce all of its rights and remedies under this Lease, including the right to collect all rent as it becomes due. Efforts by the Landlord to maintain, preserve or relet the Premises, or the appointment of a receiver to protect the Landlord's interests under this Lease, shall not constitute a termination of the Tenant's right to possession of the Premises. In the event that Landlord elects to avail itself of the remedy provided by this subsection (ii), Landlord shall not unreasonably withhold its consent to an assignment or subletting of the Premises subject to the reasonable standards for Landlord's consent as are contained in this Lease. (b) Landlord shall be under no obligation to observe or perform any covenant of this Lease on its part to be observed or performed which accrues after the date of any default by Tenant unless and until the default is cured by Tenant, it being understood and agreed that the performance by Landlord of its obligations under this Lease are expressly conditioned upon Tenant's full and timely performance of its obligations under this Lease. The various rights and remedies reserved to Landlord in this Lease or otherwise shall be cumulative and, except as otherwise provided by California law, Landlord may pursue any or all of its rights and remedies at the same time. (c) No delay or omission of Landlord to exercise any right or remedy shall be construed as a waiver of the right or remedy or of any default by Tenant. The acceptance by Landlord of rent shall not be a (i) waiver of any preceding breach or default by Tenant of any provision of this Lease, other than the failure of Tenant to pay the particular rent accepted, regardless of Landlord's knowledge of the preceding breach or default at the time of acceptance of rent, or (ii) a waiver of Landlord's right to exercise any remedy available to Landlord by virtue of the breach or default. The acceptance of any payment from a debtor in possession, a trustee, a receiver or any other person acting on behalf of Tenant or Tenant's estate shall not waive or cure a default under Section 14.1. No payment by Tenant or receipt by Landlord of a lesser amount than the rent required by this Lease shall be deemed to be other than a partial payment on account of the earliest due stipulated rent, nor shall any endorsement or statement on any check or letter be deemed an accord and satisfaction and Landlord shall accept the check or payment without prejudice to Landlord's right to recover the balance of the rent or pursue any other remedy available to it. No act or thing done by Landlord or Landlord's agents during the Term shall be deemed an acceptance of a surrender of the Premises, and no agreement to accept a surrender shall be valid unless in writing and signed by Landlord. No employee of Landlord or of Landlord's agents shall have any power to accept the keys to the Premises prior to the termination of this Lease, and the delivery of the keys to any employee shall not operate as a termination of the Lease or a surrender of the Premises. SECTION 14.3. LATE PAYMENTS. (a) Any rent due under this Lease that is not received by Landlord within five (5) days of the date when due shall bear interest at the maximum rate permitted by law from the date due until fully paid. The payment of interest shall not cure any default by Tenant under this Lease. In addition, Tenant acknowledges that the late payment by Tenant to Landlord of rent will cause Landlord to incur costs not contemplated by this Lease, the exact amount of which will be extremely difficult and impracticable to ascertain. Those costs may include, but are not limited to, administrative, processing and accounting charges, and late charges which may be imposed on Landlord by the terms of any ground lease, mortgage or trust deed covering the Premises. Accordingly, if any rent due from Tenant shall not be received by Landlord or Landlord's designee within five (5) days after the date due, then Tenant shall pay to Landlord, in addition to the interest provided above, a late charge in a sum equal to the greater of five percent (5%) of the amount overdue or Two Hundred Fifty Dollars ($250.00) for each delinquent payment. Acceptance of a late charge by Landlord shall not constitute a waiver of Tenant's default with respect to the overdue amount, nor shall it prevent Landlord from exercising any of its other rights and remedies. (b) Following each second consecutive installment of rent that is not paid within five (5) days following notice of nonpayment from Landlord, Landlord shall have the option (i) to require that beginning with the first payment of rent next due, rent shall no longer be paid in monthly installments but shall be payable quarterly three (3) months in advance and/or (ii) to require that Tenant increase the amount, if any, of the Security Deposit by one hundred percent (100%). Should Tenant deliver to Landlord, at any time during the Term, two (2) or more insufficient checks, the Landlord may require that all monies then and thereafter due from Tenant be paid to Landlord by cashier's check. SECTION 14.4. RIGHT OF LANDLORD TO PERFORM. All covenants and agreements to be performed by Tenant under this Lease shall be performed at Tenant's sole cost and expense and without any abatement of rent or right of set-off. If Tenant fails to pay any sum of money, other than rent, or fails to perform any other act on its part to be performed under this Lease, and the failure continues beyond any applicable grace period set forth in Section 14.1, then in addition to any other available remedies, Landlord may, at its election make the payment or perform the other act on Tenant's part. Landlord's election to make the payment or perform the act on Tenant's part shall not give rise to any responsibility of Landlord to continue making the same or similar payments or performing the same or similar acts. Tenant shall, promptly upon demand by Landlord, reimburse Landlord for all sums paid by Landlord and all necessary incidental costs, together with interest at the maximum rate 19 23 permitted by law from the date of the payment by Landlord. Landlord shall have the same rights and remedies if Tenant fails to pay those amounts as Landlord would have in the event of a default by Tenant in the payment of rent. SECTION 14.5. DEFAULT BY LANDLORD. Landlord shall not be deemed to be in default in the performance of any obligation under this Lease unless and until it has failed to perform the obligation within thirty (30) days after written notice by Tenant to Landlord specifying in reasonable detail the nature and extent of the failure; provided, however, that if the nature of Landlord's obligation is such that more than thirty (30) days are required for its performance, then Landlord shall not be deemed to be in default if it commences performance within the thirty (30) day period and thereafter diligently pursues the cure to completion. SECTION 14.6. EXPENSES AND LEGAL FEES. All sums reasonably incurred by Landlord in connection with any event of default by Tenant under this Lease or holding over of possession by Tenant after the expiration or earlier termination of this Lease, including without limitation all costs, expenses and actual accountants, appraisers, attorneys and other professional fees, and any collection agency or other collection charges, shall be due and payable by Tenant to Landlord on demand, and shall bear interest at the rate of ten percent (10%) per annum. Should either Landlord or Tenant bring any action in connection with this Lease, the prevailing party shall be entitled to recover as a part of the action its reasonable attorneys' fees, and all other costs. The prevailing party for the purpose of this paragraph shall be determined by the trier of the facts. SECTION 14.7. WAIVER OF JURY TRIAL. LANDLORD AND TENANT EACH ACKNOWLEDGES THAT IT IS AWARE OF AND HAS HAD THE ADVICE OF COUNSEL OF ITS CHOICE WITH RESPECT TO ITS RIGHTS TO TRIAL BY JURY, AND EACH PARTY DOES HEREBY EXPRESSLY AND KNOWINGLY WAIVE AND RELEASE ALL SUCH RIGHTS TO TRIAL BY JURY IN ANY ACTION, PROCEEDING OR COUNTERCLAIM BROUGHT BY EITHER PARTY HERETO AGAINST THE OTHER (AND/OR AGAINST ITS OFFICERS, DIRECTORS, EMPLOYEES, AGENTS, OR SUBSIDIARY OR AFFILIATED ENTITIES) ON ANY MATTERS WHATSOEVER ARISING OUT OF OR IN ANY WAY CONNECTED WITH THIS LEASE, TENANT'S USE OR OCCUPANCY OF THE PREMISES, AND/OR ANY CLAIM OF INJURY OR DAMAGE. SECTION 14.8. SATISFACTION OF JUDGMENT. The obligations of Landlord do not constitute the personal obligations of the individual partners, trustees, directors, officers or shareholders of Landlord or its constituent partners. Should Tenant recover a money judgment against Landlord, such judgment shall be satisfied only out of the proceeds of sale received upon execution of such judgment and levied thereon against the right, title and interest of Landlord in the Project and out of the rent or other income from such property receivable by Landlord or out of consideration received by Landlord from the sale or other disposition of all or any part of Landlord's right, title or interest in the Project and no action for any deficiency may be sought or obtained by Tenant. SECTION 14.9. LIMITATION OF ACTIONS AGAINST LANDLORD. Any claim, demand or right of any kind by Tenant which is based upon or arises in connection with this Lease shall be barred unless Tenant commences an action thereon within twelve (12) months after the date that the act, omission, event or default upon which the claim, demand or right arises, has occurred. ARTICLE XV. END OF TERM SECTION 15.1. HOLDING OVER. This Lease shall terminate without further notice upon the expiration of the Term, and any holding over by Tenant after the expiration shall not constitute a renewal or extension of this Lease, or give Tenant any rights under this Lease, except when in writing signed by both parties. If Tenant holds over for any period after the expiration (or earlier termination) of the Term without the prior written consent of Landlord, such possession shall constitute a tenancy at sufferance only; such holding over with the prior written consent of Landlord shall constitute a month-to-month tenancy commencing on the first (1st) day following the termination of this Lease. In either of such events, possession shall be subject to all of the terms of this Lease, except that the monthly Basic Rent shall be the greater of (a) one hundred fifty percent (150%) of the Basic Rent for the month immediately preceding the date of termination or (b) the then currently scheduled Basic Rent for comparable space in the Building. If Tenant fails to surrender the Premises upon the expiration of this Lease despite demand to do so by Landlord, Tenant shall indemnify and hold Landlord harmless from all loss or liability, including without limitation, any claims made by any succeeding tenant relating to such failure to surrender. Acceptance by Landlord of rent after the termination shall not constitute a consent to a holdover or result in a renewal of this Lease. The foregoing provisions of this Section are in addition to and do not affect Landlord's right of re-entry or any other rights of Landlord under this Lease or at law. SECTION 15.2. MERGER ON TERMINATION. The voluntary or other surrender of this Lease by Tenant, or a mutual termination of this Lease, shall terminate any or all existing subleases unless Landlord, at its option, elects in writing to treat the surrender or termination as an assignment to it of any or all subleases affecting the Premises. 20 24 SECTION 15.3. SURRENDER OF PREMISES; REMOVAL OF PROPERTY. Upon the Expiration Date or upon any earlier termination of this Lease, Tenant shall quit and surrender possession of the Premises to Landlord in as good order, condition and repair as when received or as hereafter may be improved by Landlord or Tenant, reasonable wear and tear and repairs which are Landlord's obligation excepted, and shall, without expense to Landlord, remove or cause to be removed from the Premises all personal property and debris, except for any items that Landlord may by written authorization allow to remain. Tenant shall repair all damage to the Premises resulting from the removal, which repair shall include the patching and filling of holes and repair of structural damage, provided that Landlord may instead elect to repair any structural damage at Tenant's expense. If Tenant shall fail to comply with the provisions of this Section, Landlord may effect the removal and/or make any repairs, and the cost to Landlord shall be additional rent payable by Tenant upon demand. If Tenant fails to remove Tenant's personal property from the Premises upon the expiration of the Term, Landlord may remove, store, dispose of and/or retain such personal property, at Landlord's option, in accordance with then applicable laws, all at the expense of Tenant. If requested by Landlord, Tenant shall execute, acknowledge and deliver to Landlord an instrument in writing releasing and quitclaiming to Landlord all right, title and interest of Tenant in the Premises. ARTICLE XVI. PAYMENTS AND NOTICES All sums payable by Tenant to Landlord shall be paid, without deduction or offset, in lawful money of the United States to Landlord at its address set forth in Item 12 of the Basic Lease Provisions, or at any other place as Landlord may designate in writing. Unless this Lease expressly provides otherwise, as for example in the payment of rent pursuant to Section 4.1, all payments shall be due and payable within five (5) days after demand. All payments requiring proration shall be prorated on the basis of a thirty (30) day month and a three hundred sixty (360) day year. Any notice, election, demand, consent, approval or other communication to be given or other document to be delivered by either party to the other may be delivered in person or by courier or overnight delivery service to the other party, or may be deposited in the United States mail, duly registered or certified, postage prepaid, return receipt requested, and addressed to the other party at the address set forth in Item 12 of the Basic Lease Provisions, or if to Tenant, at that address or, from and after the Commencement Date, at the Premises (or such other address as Tenant may designate provided Tenant gives Landlord at least sixty (60) days prior written notice of such other address), or may be delivered by telegram, telex or telecopy, provided that receipt thereof is telephonically confirmed. Either party may, by written notice to the other, served in the manner provided in this Article, designate a different address. If any notice or other document is sent by mail, it shall be deemed served or delivered twenty-four (24) hours after mailing. If more than one person or entity is named as Tenant under this Lease, service of any notice upon any one of them shall be deemed as service upon all of them. ARTICLE XVII. RULES AND REGULATIONS Tenant agrees to observe faithfully and comply strictly with the Rules and Regulations, attached as Exhibit E, and any reasonable and nondiscriminatory amendments, modifications and/or additions as may be adopted and published by written notice to tenants by Landlord for the safety, care, security, good order, or cleanliness of the Premises, Building, Project and Common Areas. Landlord shall not be liable to Tenant for any violation of the Rules and Regulations or the breach of any covenant or condition in any lease by any other tenant or such tenant's agents, employees, contractors, guests or invitees. One or more waivers by Landlord of any breach of the Rules and Regulations by Tenant or by any other tenant(s) shall not be a waiver of any subsequent breach of that rule or any other. Tenant's failure to keep and observe the Rules and Regulations shall constitute a default under this Lease. In the case of any conflict between the Rules and Regulations and this Lease, this Lease shall be controlling. ARTICLE XVIII. BROKER'S COMMISSION The parties recognize as the broker(s) who negotiated this Lease the firm(s), if any, whose name(s) is (are) stated in Item 10 of the Basic Lease Provisions, and agree that Landlord shall be responsible for the payment of brokerage commissions to those broker(s) unless otherwise provided in this Lease. Tenant warrants that it has had no dealings with any other real estate broker or agent in connection with the negotiation of this Lease, and Tenant agrees to indemnify and hold Landlord harmless from any cost, expense or liability (including reasonable attorneys' fees) for any compensation, commissions or charges claimed by any other real estate broker or agent employed or claiming to represent or to have been employed by Tenant in connection with the negotiation of this Lease. The foregoing agreement shall survive the termination of this Lease. If Tenant fails to take possession of the Premises or if this Lease otherwise terminates prior to the Expiration Date as the result of failure of performance by Tenant, Landlord shall be entitled to recover from Tenant the unamortized portion of any brokerage commission funded by Landlord in addition to any other damages to which Landlord may be entitled. 21 25 ARTICLE XIX. TRANSFER OF LANDLORD'S INTEREST In the event of any transfer of Landlord's interest in the Premises, the transferor shall be automatically relieved of all obligations on the part of Landlord accruing under this Lease from and after the date of the transfer, provided that any funds held by the transferor in which Tenant has an interest shall be turned over, subject to that interest, to the transferee and Tenant is notified of the transfer as required by law. No holder of a mortgage and/or deed of trust to which this Lease is or may be subordinate, and no landlord under a so-called sale-leaseback, shall be responsible in connection with the Security Deposit, unless the mortgagee or holder of the deed of trust or the landlord actually receives the Security Deposit. It is intended that the covenants and obligations contained in this Lease on the part of Landlord shall, subject to the foregoing, be binding on Landlord, its successors and assigns, only during and in respect to their respective successive periods of ownership. ARTICLE XX. INTERPRETATION SECTION 20.1. GENDER AND NUMBER. Whenever the context of this Lease requires, the words "Landlord" and "Tenant" shall include the plural as well as the singular, and words used in neuter, masculine or feminine genders shall include the others. SECTION 20.2. HEADINGS. The captions and headings of the articles and sections of this Lease are for convenience only, are not a part of this Lease and shall have no effect upon its construction or interpretation. SECTION 20.3. JOINT AND SEVERAL LIABILITY. If more than one person or entity is named as Tenant, the obligations imposed upon each shall be joint and several and the act of or notice from, or notice or refund to, or the signature of, any one or more of them shall be binding on all of them with respect to the tenancy of this Lease, including, but not limited to, any renewal, extension, termination or modification of this Lease. SECTION 20.4. SUCCESSORS. Subject to Articles IX and XIX, all rights and liabilities given to or imposed upon Landlord and Tenant shall extend to and bind their respective heirs, executors, administrators, successors and assigns. Nothing contained in this Section is intended, or shall be construed, to grant to any person other than Landlord and Tenant and their successors and assigns any rights or remedies under this Lease. SECTION 20.5. TIME OF ESSENCE. Time is of the essence with respect to the performance of every provision of this Lease. SECTION 20.6. CONTROLLING LAW. This Lease shall be governed by and interpreted in accordance with the laws of the State of California. SECTION 20.7. SEVERABILITY. If any term or provision of this Lease, the deletion of which would not adversely affect the receipt of any material benefit by either party or the deletion of which is consented to by the party adversely affected, shall be held invalid or unenforceable to any extent, the remainder of this Lease shall not be affected and each term and provision of this Lease shall be valid and enforceable to the fullest extent permitted by law. SECTION 20.8. WAIVER AND CUMULATIVE REMEDIES. One or more waivers by Landlord or Tenant of any breach of any term, covenant or condition contained in this Lease shall not be a waiver of any subsequent breach of the same or any other term, covenant or condition. Consent to any act by one of the parties shall not be deemed to render unnecessary the obtaining of that party's consent to any subsequent act. No breach by Tenant of this Lease shall be deemed to have been waived by Landlord unless the waiver is in a writing signed by Landlord. The rights and remedies of Landlord under this Lease shall be cumulative and in addition to any and all other rights and remedies which Landlord may have. SECTION 20.9. INABILITY TO PERFORM. In the event that either party shall be delayed or hindered in or prevented from the performance of any work or in performing any act required under this Lease by reason of any cause beyond the reasonable control of that party, then the performance of the work or the doing of the act shall be excused for the period of the delay and the time for performance shall be extended for a period equivalent to the period of the delay. The provisions of this Section shall not operate to excuse Tenant from the prompt payment of rent or from the timely performance of any other obligation under this Lease within Tenant's reasonable control. SECTION 20.10. ENTIRE AGREEMENT. This Lease and its exhibits and other attachments cover in full each and every agreement of every kind between the parties concerning the Premises, the Building, and the Project, and all preliminary negotiations, oral agreements, understandings and/or practices, except those contained in this Lease, are superseded and of no further effect. Tenant waives its rights to rely on any representations or 22 26 promises made by Landlord or others which are not contained in this Lease. No verbal agreement or implied covenant shall be held to modify the provisions of this Lease, any statute, law, or custom to the contrary notwithstanding. SECTION 20.11. QUIET ENJOYMENT. Upon the observance and performance of all the covenants, terms and conditions on Tenant's part to be observed and performed, and subject to the other provisions of this Lease, Tenant shall peaceably and quietly hold and enjoy the Premises for the Term without hindrance or interruption by Landlord or any other person claiming by or through Landlord. SECTION 20.12. SURVIVAL. All covenants of Landlord or Tenant which reasonably would be intended to survive the expiration or sooner termination of this Lease, including without limitation any warranty or indemnity hereunder, shall so survive and continue to be binding upon and inure to the benefit of the respective parties and their successors and assigns. ARTICLE XXI. EXECUTION AND RECORDING SECTION 21.1. COUNTERPARTS. This Lease may be executed in one or more counterparts, each of which shall constitute an original and all of which shall be one and the same agreement. SECTION 21.2. CORPORATE AND PARTNERSHIP AUTHORITY. If Tenant is a corporation or partnership, each individual executing this Lease on behalf of the corporation or partnership represents and warrants that he is duly authorized to execute and deliver this Lease on behalf of the corporation or partnership, and that this Lease is binding upon the corporation or partnership in accordance with its terms. Tenant shall, at Landlord's request, deliver a certified copy of its board of directors' resolution or partnership agreement or certificate authorizing or evidencing the execution of this Lease. SECTION 21.3. EXECUTION OF LEASE; NO OPTION OR OFFER. The submission of this Lease to Tenant shall be for examination purposes only, and shall not constitute an offer to or option for Tenant to lease the Premises. Execution of this Lease by Tenant and its return to Landlord shall not be binding upon Landlord, notwithstanding any time interval, until Landlord has in fact executed and delivered this Lease to Tenant, it being intended that this Lease shall only become effective upon execution by Landlord and delivery of a fully executed counterpart to Tenant. SECTION 21.4. RECORDING. Tenant shall not record this Lease without the prior written consent of Landlord. Tenant, upon the request of Landlord, shall execute and acknowledge a "short form" memorandum of this Lease for recording purposes. SECTION 21.5. AMENDMENTS. No amendment or termination of this Lease shall be effective unless in writing signed by authorized signatories of Tenant and Landlord, or by their respective successors in interest. No actions, policies, oral or informal arrangements, business dealings or other course of conduct by or between the parties shall be deemed to modify this Lease in any respect. SECTION 21.6. EXECUTED COPY. Any fully executed photocopy or similar reproduction of this Lease shall be deemed an original for all purposes. SECTION 21.7. ATTACHMENTS. All exhibits, amendments, riders and addenda attached to this Lease are hereby incorporated into and made a part of this Lease. ARTICLE XXII. MISCELLANEOUS SECTION 22.1. NONDISCLOSURE OF LEASE TERMS. Tenant acknowledges and agrees that the terms of this Lease are confidential and constitute proprietary information of Landlord. Disclosure of the terms could adversely affect the ability of Landlord to negotiate other leases and impair Landlord's relationship with other tenants. Accordingly, Tenant agrees that it, and its partners, officers, directors, employees and attorneys, shall not intentionally and voluntarily disclose the terms and conditions of this Lease to any other tenant or apparent prospective tenant of the Building or Project, either directly or indirectly, without the prior written consent of Landlord, provided, however, that Tenant may disclose the terms to prospective subtenants or assignees under this Lease and as may be otherwise required by law. SECTION 22.2. GUARANTY. As a condition to the execution of this Lease by Landlord, the obligations, covenants and performance of the Tenant as herein provided shall be guaranteed in writing by the Guarantor(s) listed in Item 7 of the Basic Lease Provisions, if any, on a form of guaranty provided by Landlord. 23 27 SECTION 22.3. CHANGES REQUESTED BY LENDER. If, in connection with obtaining financing for the Project, the lender shall request reasonable modifications in this Lease as a condition to the financing, Tenant will not unreasonably withhold or delay its consent, provided that the modifications do not materially increase the obligations of Tenant or materially and adversely affect the leasehold interest created by this Lease. SECTION 22.4. MORTGAGEE PROTECTION. No act or failure to act on the part of Landlord which would otherwise entitle Tenant to be relieved of its obligations hereunder or to terminate this Lease shall result in such a release or termination unless (a) Tenant has given notice by registered or certified mail to any beneficiary of a deed of trust or mortgage covering the Building whose address has been furnished to Tenant and (b) such beneficiary is afforded a reasonable opportunity to cure the default by Landlord (which in no event shall be less than sixty (60) days), including, if necessary to effect the cure, time to obtain possession of the Building by power of sale or judicial foreclosure provided that such foreclosure remedy is diligently pursued. Tenant agrees that each beneficiary of a deed of trust or mortgage covering the Building is an express third party beneficiary hereof, Tenant shall have no right or claim for the collection of any deposit from such beneficiary or from any purchaser at a foreclosure sale unless such beneficiary or purchaser shall have actually received and not refunded the deposit, and Tenant shall comply with any written directions by any beneficiary to pay rent due hereunder directly to such beneficiary without determining whether an event of default exists under such beneficiary's deed of trust. SECTION 22.5. COVENANTS AND CONDITIONS. All of the provisions of this Lease shall be construed to be conditions as well as covenants as though the words specifically expressing or imparting covenants and conditions were used in each separate provision. SECTION 22.6. SECURITY MEASURES. Tenant hereby acknowledges that Landlord shall have no obligation whatsoever to provide guard service or other security measures for the benefit of the Premises or the Project. Tenant assumes all responsibility for the protection of Tenant, its agents, invitees and property from acts of third parties. Nothing herein contained shall prevent Landlord, at its sole option, from providing security protection for the Project or any part thereof, in which event the cost thereof shall be included within the definition of Project Costs. LANDLORD: TENANT: WW&LJ GATEWAYS, LTD., IMMERSION CORPORATION, A CALIFORNIA LIMITED PARTNERSHIP A DELAWARE CORPORATION BY: THE IRVINE COMPANY, AS ATTORNEY-IN-FACT FOR WW&LJ GATEWAYS, LTD. AND NOT ON ITS OWN BEHALF By /s/ RICHARD G. SIM By /s/ VICTOR VIEGAS -------------------------------- ------------------------------ Richard G. Sim, Executive Vice Name Victor Viegas President of The Irvine Company ---------------------------- Title Chief Financial Officer --------------------------- By /s/ ROBERT E. WILLIAMS, JR. By /s/ LOUIS B. ROSENBERG -------------------------------- ------------------------------ Robert E. Williams, Jr., President Name Louis B. Rosenberg Irvine Industrial Company, ---------------------------- a division of The Irvine Company Title Chief Executive Officer --------------------------- 24 EX-10.2 3 AMENDMENT NO. 1 TO THE APRIL 13, 1998 LICENSE 1 EXHIBIT 10.2 AMENDMENT #1 TO THE APRIL 13, 1998 INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY LICENSE AGREEMENT AND TECHNOLOGY PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT AGREEMENT WHEREAS Immersion Corporation, a Delaware Corporation with principal offices in San Jose, California (hereinafter "Immersion") and Logitech, Inc., a California corporation with principal offices in Fremont, California (hereinafter "Logitech"), entered into an Intellectual Property License Agreement dated April 13, 1998 (hereinafter the "IP License Agreement") and a Technology Product Development Agreement also dated April 13, 1998 ("Development Agreement"); and WHEREAS Immersion and Logitech (collectively, the "Parties") now wish to amend the IP License Agreement and the Development Agreement to encompass certain additional products to be manufactured and sold by Logitech under license from Immersion; NOW, THEREFORE, the Parties hereby agree to amend the IP License Agreement and the Development Agreement as follows: 1. LICENSE GRANT. Pursuant toss.7.4 of the IP License Agreement, and subject to the terms and conditions of the IP License Agreement and this Amendment # 1 thereto, Immersion hereby grants to Logitech a worldwide, non-exclusive (except as provided in Section 2 below), non-transferable, non-assignable license under the Licensed Patents to develop, make, have made, use, sell, lease, demonstrate, market and distribute "[****] Products." As used herein, "[****] Products" means a computer mouse in which tactile forces are applied [****], where tactile forces are applied along the plane of the desktop). Except as provided in Section 2.3 of the IP License Agreement ("Right to Sublicense"), no right to sublicense the Licensed Patents is granted by Immersion to Logitech. 2. [****] PREEMPT PROTECTION. Provided that, on or before [****], Logitech meets its United States Product Availability Date ("U.S. PAD") for a product meeting the functional requirements set forth in Exhibit A, Immersion agrees not to supply technology to, or sign a contract with, any third party which would enable such third party to sell a similar product as an after market mouse peripheral in the retail channel on or before [****] (the "[****] Exclusivity Period"). For purposes of this Agreement, U.S. PAD shall mean the date on which at least 50% of Logitech's first full month's forecast in finished [****] Product is in Logitech's U.S. distribution center. Further, Immersion will not grant contractual rights to any third party peripheral manufacturer that will allow them to publicly announce a similar product, as a retail after market mouse peripheral, on or before [****] ("the "[****] Quiet Period"). *Certain information on this page has been omitted and filed separately with the Commission. Confidential treatment has been requested with respect to the omitted portions. 2 3. WINGMAN PREEMPT PROTECTION: Provided that Logitech continues to use reasonable business efforts to support and promote the Wingman Force Feedback Mouse, Immersion agrees not to supply technology to, or sign a contract with, any third party which would enable such third party to sell a similar product as an after market mouse peripheral in the retail channel on or before [****] (the "Wingman Force Feedback Mouse Exclusivity Period".) 4. PRODUCT COMMITMENTS. Logitech agrees to use its best efforts to launch its [****] Product with a U.S. PAD on or before [****]. Such product shall meet the functional requirements attached to this amendment as Exhibit A. As part of this commitment, Logitech agrees that, in the event technical difficulties arise that threaten to prevent it from meeting the [****] PAD, it will, in collaboration with Immersion's engineering staff, utilize aspects of Immersion's then-current [****] technical solution as necessary to do so. Immersion will provide to Logitech as soon as possible within ten (10) days after execution of this Amendment, header files, any basic documentation that is currently available, and in-person technical support on the ITouchSenseEffectDriver interface for Immersion's TouchSense(tm) API. Immersion agrees to make best efforts to ensure a minimum of [****] shipping non-trivial gaming titles, and [****] web pages and/or non-gaming software titles, by [****], that are specifically designed for use with the force feedback mouse family of products. If Immersion fails to meet the objectives identified in the preceding sentence, Logitech may, if it chooses to do so, extend its U.S. PAD beyond [****] without losing the preemption protection provided for in Paragraph 2, except that under no circumstances shall Logitech's Exclusivity Period extend beyond [****]. 5. NEW TECHNOLOGY ROYALTIES. The [****] Product to be manufactured and sold by Logitech hereunder shall be deemed a Royalty Bearing Product in accordance with the terms of the IP License Agreement, and the royalty thereon shall be 5% pursuant to Section 3.2 thereof. 6. EXCLUSIVITY FEE. In consideration of the preemption protection provided for in Section 2, Logitech agrees to pay Immersion a minimum royalty of no less than [****] for [****] Products sold up to and including [****]. This requirement is waived if Immersion does not meet its efforts mentioned in the last two sentences of Section 4 above. 7. ENGINEERING SUPPORT BY IMMERSION. Immersion agrees to use its best efforts to provide engineering support to Logitech in connection with Logitech's development and testing of Logitech's [****] Product implementation as reasonably requested by Logitech. As presently contemplated, Immersion's efforts will be focused on ensuring software compatibility of the [****] Product with TouchSense(TM)-enabled software applications and web pages, but Immersion will, if Logitech requests, use its best efforts to assist Logitech with any hardware and/or firmware issues *Certain information on this page has been omitted and filed separately with the Commission. Confidential treatment has been requested with respect to the omitted portions. 2 3 identified by Logitech. Within two weeks of signing this agreement, the parties agree to formulate a breakdown of efforts and Immersion will quote, using its standard billing practices, an NRE fee for these efforts. Work requested by Logitech and agreed on by Immersion, as well as the payments to be made by Logitech for such work, will be set forth in an amendment or amendments to the Development Agreement. 8. ANNOUNCEMENT. Logitech agrees publicly to announce its [****] Product, including the fact that such product will be manufactured and sold under license from Immersion, on or before the [****] in [****] of this calendar year. Logitech further agrees to substitute references to Immersion's TouchSense(TM) mark and associated logo in place of Immersion's former "FEELit" mark and logo in connection with Logitech's labeling obligations under the IP License and Development agreements. 9. FORCE FEEDBACK MOUSE FAMILY COMMITMENT: Immersion and Logitech agree to continue their joint efforts to develop the force feedback mouse market space. To this end, they will support the [****] Product and the current Wingman Force Feedback Mouse ("WFFM") as a product family, and will market such product family to software developers and consumers. Logitech and Immersion remain committed to making the WFFM product as successful as possible through sales, marketing, and evangelical programs. Immersion will continue to focus its marketing and software support efforts on this family of mouse products, and will continue to drive the gaming, web, productivity, accessibility, education, and CAD/graphics markets for software support and demand creation. 10. WINGMAN FORCE FEEDBACK MOUSE COMMITMENT: Logitech will use its best efforts to ensure that it can meet, in a timely manner, the product volume opportunities that emerge for the Wingman Force Feedback Mouse as a result of the efforts in Section 9 above. This includes making sure that a manufacturing facility is capable of ramping up production in a timely manner as product volumes begin to move. Immersion and Logitech agree to communicate regularly about the evolving product volume opportunities. 11. DEVELOPER UNITS: Logitech will use its best efforts to provide Immersion with a minimum of 250 free developer units for distribution to software developers by July 31, 2000. Immersion will use its best efforts to distribute said units to developers within 10 days of receipt and to support said developers. Immersion may hold up to a maximum of twenty units for internal testing if approved in advance by Logitech. *Certain information on this page has been omitted and filed separately with the Commission. Confidential treatment has been requested with respect to the omitted portions. 3 4 12. LABELING: RETAIL LABELING: Logitech agrees to Immersion's standard marketing terms for branding and logo usage for all [****] Products sold by Logitech through the retail channel, except that the size of Immersion's logo shall be 3/4" by 3/4", and except further that Logitech shall not be required to place the Immersion name or logo on the belly label for such products or to mark such belly label with Immersion's Licensed Patents. Logitech further agrees to include in the product manual for its [****] Products (a) a prominent statement, to be displayed adjacent to the Immersion logo, that such product contains "TouchSense(TM) technology licensed from Immersion Corporation," and (b) a statement that "This product is covered by one or more of the following Immersion Corporation patents," such statement to be immediately followed by a list of the then-issued Immersion patents (such list to be provided by Immersion to Logitech). Immersion will provide all necessary artwork for use by Logitech in connection with the foregoing labeling requirements as soon as possible within thirty (30) days after execution of this Amendment. OEM LABELING: Logitech shall not be obligated to comply with Immersion standard marketing terms for branding and logo usage for [****] Product sold by Logitech into OEM channels, except that Logitech shall, if it succeeds in obtaining branding and/or labeling rights for itself from an OEM customer to include Logitech branding or labeling in an OEM customer's manual, include the same information in such manual with respect to Immersion as set forth above in connection with retail labeling. 13. AMADEUS 2 CANCELLATION: Logitech and Immersion agree to discontinue the Amadeus 2 program as currently specified. The parties further agree to execute an amendment to their Marketing Development Fund Letter Agreement dated October 21, 1999 ("MDF Agreement") transferring to the [****] Product those MDF payments that were to be allotted to the Amadeus 2 product, and renewing Immersion's commitment to purchase [****] WFFM units (none of which shall now be Amadeus 2 units) for evangelical purposes. 14. FUTURE NEGOTIATIONS: Immersion and Logitech agree within the next twenty-eight (28) days to engage in discussions: a. to negotiate in good faith the terms and conditions of a possible contract under which Logitech would purchase chips, which it currently purchases from KLSI, directly from Immersion. The terms of the chip purchase agreement would be substantially similar to the terms and conditions currently provided by KLSI, and nothing herein or therein would in any way obligate Logitech to use the Immersion chip in its products, but rather, would merely shift such purchases as Logitech chooses to make from KLSI to Immersion; and b. (a) to negotiate in good faith [****] provisions governing [****] Product sold by Logitech to OEM customers; and (b) to negotiate in good *Certain information on this page has been omitted and filed separately with the Commission. Confidential treatment has been requested with respect to the omitted portions. 4 5 faith a modification of the parties' existing [****] provisions designed to improve the workability, predictability and fairness of such provisions. In this regard, and as a gesture of good faith, Immersion hereby agrees that, with respect to future [****] which do not clearly and without question fall outside the scope of Immersion's present [****] obligations, Immersion will assume the expense of obtaining any required [****] 15. ENTIRE AMENDMENT. This Amendment and its Exhibit, together with the other written agreements previously entered into and executed by the Parties, constitute the complete agreement of the Parties concerning the subject matter hereof, and supersedes any other agreements, promises, representations or discussions, written or oral, concerning such subject matter. IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the authorized representatives of the Parties hereto have signed this Amendment # 1 as of the date and year set forth below. LOGITECH, INC. IMMERSION CORPORATION By: /s/ W.H. Hausen By: /s/ Victor Viegas ---------------------- ----------------------- Name: W.H. Hausen Name: Victor Viegas Title: SVP/GM Title: CFO Date: 3/21/00 Date: 3/21/00
*Certain information on this page has been omitted and filed separately with the Commission. Confidential treatment has been requested with respect to the omitted portions. 5 6 EXHIBIT A Functional Requirements Hardware: This product is a force feedback mouse interface that is [****] surface with a form factor and functionality that is similar to [****] products. The mouse product will provide a [****] force feedback, said force feedback being applied in [****] both of which are parallel to the plane of the desktop). To ensure that the hardware can adequately support the sensations required of the desktop, web, productivity, and gaming software, it must meet the following basic hardware functionality requirements: Minimum Actuator Fidelity: The [****] forces to the user must be capable of generating up to [****] vibrations with no less than [****] attenuation of the [****] force magnitude. USB Power: The [****] must be sized such that it can be driven, as described above, within the power limitations of the USB specification. Software: In order to assure compatibility with the software titles and web pages that are written with the Immersion TouchSense Developer Toolkit version 2.1 (including the Immersion Foundation Classes(TM), Immersion Software Developer Kit(TM), Immersion Studio(TM), Immersion Web Developer Kit(TM), Sample Code, and Demos), the product produced under this agreement must meet the following technical specifications: TouchSense API: This product must support the Immersion TouchSense API, enabled through the Immersion Foundation Classes (IFC) version 2.1. This is the same API supported by the Wingman Force Feedback Mouse, enabling basic compatibility between the products. TouchSense Effects: The device must be capable of playing a minimum of the following basic TouchSense effects, as fully defined by the TouchSense API specification: [****] need not be supported. Simultaneous Effects: The device must be capable of playing a minimum of [****] different effects simultaneously ([****] background effects and [****] foreground effects. For reference, the Wingman Force Feedback Mouse can play [****] effects simultaneously ([****] background and [****] foreground). *Certain information on this page has been omitted and filed separately with the Commission. Confidential treatment has been requested with respect to the omitted portions. 6 7 Axis Mapping: Because [****] is a [****], it [****] associated with forces. Any force effect, [****] will [****] be played on the [****]. DirectX: It is important to point out that [****] when it comes to desktop, web, and productivity applications [****]. With respect to gaming, since [****] the notion of "force feedback mice," all mouse games are supported through the [****](as was true of the Wingman Force Feedback Mouse). Note - to support force feedback [****], Logitech would need to provide [****] as was done on Wingman Force Feedback Mouse. [****] compatibility: This product must be a [****] mouse. USB compatibility: This device must fully meet the v1.1 revision of the USB specification. In addition, the device must be capable of passing all tests at the periodic `Plug-Fest' events. Boot Mode: This device must support `BOOT' mode functionality such that it will be recognized and used by those computer BIOS that support USB boot mouse functionality. This will allow this mouse to be used prior to the Windows OS being loaded. It will allow the mouse to operate when Windows has loaded a minimal driver set in a debugging environment (a.k.a. `Safe' Mode). Platform: [****]. *Certain information on this page has been omitted and filed separately with the Commission. Confidential treatment has been requested with respect to the omitted portions. 7 EX-21.1 4 EXHIBIT 21.1 1 EXHIBIT 21.1 SUBSIDIARIES OF IMMERSION CORPORATION Name Jurisdiction of Incorporation - ------------------------------------ ----------------------------- Cybernet Haptic Systems Corporation Michigan Haptic Technologies, Inc. Montreal, Canada EX-27.1 5 EXHIBIT 27.1
5 1,000 3-MOS DEC-31-2000 JAN-01-2000 MAR-31-2000 28,714 20,212 1,459 (188) 683 52,327 1,534 (635) 63,176 3,322 0 0 0 76,702 (16,848) 63,176 1,220 2,462 623 5,786 0 0 0 (2,564) 0 (2,564) 0 0 0 (2,564) (0.16) (0.16)
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