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Revenue
 12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2020
Revenue from Contract with Customer [Abstract]  
Revenue Revenue
Adoption of ASC 606

On January 1, 2018, we adopted ASC 606, on a modified retrospective basis, applied to those contracts which were not completed as of January 1, 2018. As a result of our adoption, we recorded a cumulative-effect adjustment of $11.4 million within retained earnings in our consolidated balance sheet as of January 1, 2018, to reflect a change in the timing of revenue recognition under ASC 606, from point in time to over time, on our Contract-Manufactured Products product sales, certain Proprietary Products product sales, development and tooling agreements, as well as an acceleration on a portion of the remaining unearned income from a nonrefundable customer payment.
Revenue Recognition

Our revenue results from the sale of goods or services and reflects the consideration to which we expect to be entitled in exchange for those goods or services. We record revenue based on a five-step model, in accordance with ASC 606. Following the identification of a contract with a customer, we identify the performance obligations (goods or services) in the contract, determine the transaction price, allocate the transaction price to the performance obligations in the contract, and recognize the revenue when (or as) we satisfy the performance obligations by transferring the promised goods or services to our customers. A good or service is transferred when (or as) the customer obtains control of that good or service.

We recognize the majority of our revenue, primarily relating to Proprietary Products product sales, at a point in time, following the transfer of control of our products to our customers, which typically occurs upon shipment or delivery, depending on the terms of the related agreements.

We recognize revenue relating to our Contract-Manufactured Products product sales and certain Proprietary Products product sales over time, as our performance does not create an asset with an alternative use to us and we have an enforceable right to payment for performance completed to date.

We recognize revenue relating to our development and tooling agreements over time, as our performance creates or enhances an asset that the customer controls as the asset is created or enhanced.

For revenue recognized over time, revenue is recognized by applying a method of measuring progress toward complete satisfaction of the related performance obligation. When selecting the method for measuring progress, we select the method that best depicts the transfer of control of goods or services promised to our customers.

Revenue for our Contract-Manufactured Products product sales, certain Proprietary Products product sales, and our development and tooling agreements is recorded under an input method, which recognizes revenue on the basis of our efforts or inputs to the satisfaction of a performance obligation (for example, resources consumed, labor hours expended, costs incurred, time elapsed, or machine hours used) relative to the total expected inputs to the satisfaction of that performance obligation. The input method that we use is based on costs incurred.

The majority of the performance obligations within our contracts are satisfied within one year or less. Performance obligations satisfied beyond one year include those relating to a nonrefundable customer payment of $20.0 million received in June 2013 in return for the exclusive use of the SmartDose technology platform within a specific therapeutic area. As of December 31, 2020, there was $4.7 million of unearned income related to this payment, of which $0.9 million was included in other current liabilities and $3.8 million was included in other long-term liabilities. The unearned income is being recognized as income on a straight-line basis over the remaining term of the agreement. The agreement does not include a future minimum purchase commitment from the customer.

Our revenue can be generated from contracts with multiple performance obligations. When a sales agreement involves multiple performance obligations, each obligation is separately identified and the transaction price is allocated based on the amount of consideration we expect to be entitled in exchange for transferring the promised good or service to the customer.

Some customers receive pricing rebates upon attaining established sales volumes. We record rebate costs when sales occur based on our assessment of the likelihood that the required volumes will be attained. We also maintain an allowance for product returns, as we believe that we are able to reasonably estimate the amount of returns based on our substantial historical experience and specific identification of customer claims.
The following table presents the approximate percentage of our net sales by market group:

202020192018
Biologics31 %25 %21 %
Generics20 %20 %21 %
Pharma26 %31 %34 %
Contract-Manufactured Products23 %24 %24 %
100 %100 %100 %

The following table presents the approximate percentage of our net sales by product category:

202020192018
High-Value Product Components46 %42 %41 %
High-Value Product Delivery Devices5 %5 %3 %
Standard Packaging 26 %29 %32 %
Contract-Manufactured Products23 %24 %24 %
100 %100 %100 %

The following table presents the approximate percentage of our net sales by geographic location:

202020192018
Americas48 %48 %48 %
Europe, Middle East, Africa43 %44 %44 %
Asia Pacific9 %8 %8 %
100 %100 %100 %

Contract Assets and Liabilities

Contract assets and liabilities result from transactions with revenue primarily recorded over time. If the measure of remaining rights exceeds the measure of the remaining performance obligations, we record a contract asset. Contract assets are recorded on the consolidated balance sheet in accounts receivable, net, and other assets (current and noncurrent portions, respectively). Contract assets included in accounts receivable, net, relate to the unbilled amounts of our product sales for which we have recognized revenue over time. Contract assets included in other assets represent the remaining performance obligations of our development and tooling agreements. Conversely, if the measure of the remaining performance obligations exceeds the measure of the remaining rights, we record a contract liability. Contract liabilities are recorded on the consolidated balance sheet within other liabilities (current and noncurrent portions, respectively) and represent cash payments received in advance of our performance.
The following table summarizes our contract assets and liabilities, excluding contract assets included in accounts receivable, net:

($ in millions)
Contract assets, December 31, 2019
$9.8 
Contract assets, December 31, 2020
10.9 
Change in contract assets - increase (decrease)$1.1 
Deferred income, December 31, 2019
$(34.9)
Deferred income, December 31, 2020
(57.1)
Change in deferred income - (increase) decrease$(22.2)

The Company has entered into new capacity reservation agreements, which include the receipt of up-front cash and therefore caused an increase in the deferred income account balance. The Company expects revenue related to the capacity reservation agreements to be recognized over the next 1 to 2 years.

The increase in deferred income during 2020 was primarily due to additional cash payments of $100.3 million received in advance of satisfying future performance obligations, partially offset by the recognition of revenue of $83.9 million, including $26.9 million of revenue that was included in deferred income at the beginning of the year.

Practical Expedients and Exemptions

We have elected to disregard the effects of a significant financing component, as we expect, at the inception of our contracts, that the period between when we transfer a promised good or service to the customer and when the customer pays for that good or service will be one year or less.

In addition, we have elected to omit the disclosure of the majority of our remaining performance obligations, which are satisfied within one year or less.

Supply Chain Financing

We have entered into supply chain financing agreements with certain banks, pursuant to which we offer for sale certain accounts receivable to such banks from time to time, subject to the terms of the applicable agreements. These transactions result in a reduction in accounts receivable, as the agreements transfer effective control over, and credit risk related to, the receivables to the banks. These agreements do not allow for recourse in the event of uncollectibility, and we do not retain any interest in the underlying accounts receivable once sold. As of December 31, 2020 and 2019, we derecognized accounts receivable of $14.1 million and $10.1 million, respectively, under these agreements. Discount fees related to the sale of such accounts receivable on our consolidated income statements for 2020 and 2019 were not material.

Voluntary Recall

On January 24, 2019, we issued a voluntary recall of our Vial2Bag® product line due to reports of potential unpredictable or variable dosing under certain conditions. Our fourth quarter 2018 results included an $11.3 million provision for product returns, recorded as a reduction of sales, partially offset by a reduction in cost of goods sold reflecting our inventory balance for these devices at December 31, 2018. During 2019, we recorded a net provision of $5.4 million for inventory returns from our customers and related in-house inventory, partially offset by a reduction in our provision for product returns. On October 21, 2020 we received market clearance from the FDA for our Vial2BagAdvancedTM 20mm Admixture Device and continue to work to get the products back on the market.