Derivative Financial Instruments

Our ongoing business operations expose us to various risks, such as fluctuating interest rates, foreign currency exchange rates and increasing commodity prices. To manage these market risks, we periodically enter into derivative financial instruments, such as interest rate swaps, options and foreign exchange contracts for periods consistent with, and for notional amounts equal to or less than, the related underlying exposures. We do not purchase or hold any derivative financial instruments for investment or trading purposes. All derivatives are recorded in our condensed consolidated balance sheet at fair value.

Foreign Exchange Rate Risk

We have entered into forward exchange contracts, designated as fair value hedges, to manage our exposure to fluctuating foreign exchange rates on cross-currency intercompany loans. As of March 31, 2019, the total amount of these forward exchange contracts was Singapore Dollar (“SGD”) 601.5 million and $13.4 million. As of December 31, 2018, the total amount of these forward exchange contracts was €10.0 million, SGD 601.5 million and $13.4 million. During the three months ended March 31, 2019, we recognized foreign exchange transaction gains of $4.8 million within other (income) expense in our condensed consolidated statements of income related to these fair value hedges. We recognize in earnings the initial value of forward point components on a straight-line basis over the life of the fair value hedge.

In addition, we have entered into several foreign currency contracts, designated as cash flow hedges, for periods of up to eighteen months, intended to hedge the currency risk associated with a portion of our forecasted transactions denominated in foreign currencies. As of March 31, 2019, we had outstanding foreign currency contracts to purchase and sell certain pairs of currencies, as follows:



(in millions)		Sell
Currency	Purchase	USD	Euro
USD	31.5	—	26.8
Yen	5,232.0	24.4	20.5
SGD	44.0	25.1	6.4

At March 31, 2019, a portion of our debt consisted of borrowings denominated in currencies other than USD. We have designated our €21.0 million ($23.6 million) Euro-denominated borrowings under our Credit Facility as a hedge of our net investment in certain European subsidiaries. A cumulative foreign currency translation loss of less than $0.1 million for both pre- and after tax on this debt was recorded within accumulated other comprehensive loss as of March 31, 2019. We have also designated our ¥500.0 million ($4.5 million) Yen-denominated borrowings under our Credit Facility as a hedge of our net investment in Daikyo Seiko, Ltd. (“Daikyo”). At March 31, 2019, there was a cumulative foreign currency translation loss of $0.4 million pre-tax ($0.3 million after tax) on this Yen-denominated debt, which was also included within accumulated other comprehensive loss.

Commodity Price Risk

Many of our proprietary products are made from synthetic elastomers, which are derived from the petroleum refining process. We purchase the majority of our elastomers via long-term supply contracts, some of which contain clauses that provide for surcharges related to fluctuations in crude oil prices. The following economic hedges did not qualify for hedge accounting treatment since they did not meet the highly effective requirement at inception.

In November 2017, we purchased a series of call options for a total of 125,166 barrels of crude oil to mitigate our exposure to such oil-based surcharges and protect operating cash flows with regards to a portion of our forecasted elastomer purchases through May 2019. In April 2018, we purchased a series of call options for a total of 30,612 barrels of crude oil from December 2018 through August 2019. In January 2019, we purchased a series of call options for a total of 81,459 barrels of crude oil from February 2019 through May 2020.

During the three months ended March 31, 2019, the loss recorded in cost of goods and services sold related to these call options was less than $0.1 million.

As of March 31, 2019, we had outstanding contracts to purchase 108,891 barrels of crude oil from April 2019 to May 2020 at a weighted-average strike price of $66.22 per barrel.

Effects of Derivative Instruments on Financial Position and Results of Operations

Please refer to Note 10, Fair Value Measurements, for the balance sheet location and fair values of our derivative instruments as of March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018.

The following table summarizes the effects of derivative instruments designated as hedges on other comprehensive income (“OCI”) and earnings, net of tax:



	Amount of Gain (Loss) Recognized in OCI for the						Amount of (Gain) Loss Reclassified from Accumulated OCI into Income for the					Location of (Gain) Loss Reclassified from Accumulated OCI into Income
	Three Months Ended March 31,						Three Months Ended March 31,
($ in millions)	2019			2018			2019			2018
Cash Flow Hedges:
Foreign currency hedge contracts	$	0.5		$	(0.4	)	$	(0.2	)	$	0.5	Net sales
Foreign currency hedge contracts	(0.1		)	1.6			(0.1		)	0.4		Cost of goods and services sold
Forward treasury locks	—			—			—			0.1		Interest expense
Total	$	0.4		$	1.2		$	(0.3	)	$	1.0
Net Investment Hedges:
Foreign currency-denominated debt	$	0.1		$	(0.7	)	$	—		$	—	Other (income) expense
Total	$	0.1		$	(0.7	)	$	—		$	—

For the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018, there was no material ineffectiveness related to our hedges.