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Income Taxes
3 Months Ended
Mar. 31, 2018
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]  
Income Taxes
Income Taxes

The tax provision for interim periods is determined using the estimated annual effective consolidated tax rate, based on the current estimate of full-year earnings before taxes, adjusted for the impact of discrete quarterly items.

The provision for income taxes was $12.5 million and $2.2 million for the three months ended March 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively, and the effective tax rate was 23.3% and 3.6%, respectively.

The increase in the effective tax rate for the three months ended March 31, 2018, as compared to the same period in 2017, primarily reflects the impact of a lower tax benefit of $2.1 million associated with our adoption in 2017 of guidance issued by the FASB regarding share-based payment transactions, as compared to a tax benefit of $15.9 million in the same period in 2017, partially offset by the impact of the U.S. federal corporate income tax rate reduction from 35.0% to 21.0%, as part of the 2017 Tax Act, effective for tax years beginning after December 31, 2017. In addition, during the three months ended March 31, 2018, following additional analysis, we recorded a net tax charge of $0.3 million for the estimated impact of the 2017 Tax Act. During the three and twelve months ended December 31, 2017, we had recorded a provisional charge for the estimated impact of the 2017 Tax Act, based upon our then-current understanding of the 2017 Tax Act and the guidance available at the time. We will continue to actively monitor the developments relating to the 2017 Tax Act, and will adjust our estimate as necessary during the one-year measurement period.

In response to the 2017 Tax Act, we reevaluated our position regarding permanent reinvestment of foreign subsidiary earnings and profits through 2017 (with the exception of China and Mexico) and elected to include in our provision for income taxes for the year ended December 31, 2017 an estimated liability of $9.8 million related to foreign withholding taxes and state income taxes that will be incurred upon the distribution of those foreign subsidiary earnings and profits to the U.S. at a future date. Following additional analysis of the 2017 Tax Act, we are asserting, as of January 1, 2018, indefinite reinvestment related to our investment in all of our foreign subsidiaries.