Benefit Plans

Certain of our U.S. and international subsidiaries sponsor defined benefit pension plans. In addition, we provide minimal death benefits for certain U.S. retirees and pay a portion of healthcare costs for retired U.S. salaried employees and their dependents. Benefits for participants are coordinated with Medicare and the plan mandates Medicare risk (“HMO”) coverage wherever possible and caps the total contribution for non-HMO coverage. We also sponsor a defined contribution plan for certain salaried and hourly U.S. employees. Our 401(k) plan contributions were $4.3 million for 2014, $4.0 million for 2013 and $3.7 million for 2012.

Pension and Other Retirement Benefits

The components of net periodic benefit cost and other amounts recognized in other comprehensive income were as follows:



	Pension benefits									Other retirement benefits
($ in millions)	2014			2013			2012			2014			2013			2012
Net periodic benefit cost:
Service cost	$	9.8		$	9.7		$	8.5		$	0.4		$	1.1		$	1.3
Interest cost	17.1			14.8			15.5			0.4			0.6			1.0
Expected return on assets	(19.3		)	(17.3		)	(16.4		)	—			—			—
Amortization of prior service (credit) cost	(1.3		)	(1.3		)	(1.4		)	—			—			0.1
Amortization of transition obligation	0.1			0.1			0.1			—			—			—
Amortization of actuarial loss (gain)	4.7			9.2			8.5			(1.6		)	(0.7		)	—
Net periodic benefit cost	$	11.1		$	15.2		$	14.8		$	(0.8	)	$	1.0		$	2.4
Other changes in plan assets and benefit obligations recognized in other comprehensive income, pre-tax:
Net loss (gain) arising during period	$	31.5		$	(36.1	)	$	16.5		$	0.1		$	(18.5	)	$	2.1
Amortization of prior service credit (cost)	1.3			1.3			1.4			—			—			(0.1		)
Amortization of transition obligation	(0.1		)	(0.1		)	(0.1		)	—			—			—
Amortization of actuarial (loss) gain	(4.7		)	(9.2		)	(8.5		)	1.6			0.7			—
Foreign currency exchange rate changes on the above line items	(2.1		)	0.6			0.8			—			—			—
Total recognized in other comprehensive income	$	25.9		$	(43.5	)	$	10.1		$	1.7		$	(17.8	)	$	2.0
Total recognized in net periodic benefit cost and other comprehensive income	$	37.0		$	(28.3	)	$	24.9		$	0.9		$	(16.8	)	$	4.4

Net periodic benefit cost by geographic location is as follows:



	Pension benefits						Other retirement benefits
	2014		2013		2012		2014			2013		2012
U.S. plans	$	8.1	$	11.9	$	12.0	$	(0.8	)	$	1.0	$	2.4
International plans	3.0		3.3		2.8		—			—		—
Net periodic benefit cost	$	11.1	$	15.2	$	14.8	$	(0.8	)	$	1.0	$	2.4

The following table presents the changes in the benefit obligation and the fair value of plan assets, as well as the funded status of the plans:



	Pension benefits						Other retirement benefits
($ in millions)	2014			2013			2014			2013
Change in benefit obligation:
Benefit obligation, January 1	$	(360.8	)	$	(363.2	)	$	(9.2	)	$	(26.0	)
Service cost	(9.8		)	(9.7		)	(0.4		)	(1.1		)
Interest cost	(17.1		)	(14.8		)	(0.4		)	(0.6		)
Participants' contributions	(0.9		)	(0.6		)	(0.6		)	(0.5		)
Actuarial (loss) gain	(44.5		)	12.9			(0.1		)	18.5
Benefits/expenses paid	28.8			16.4			0.6			0.5
Foreign currency translation	5.8			(1.8		)	—			—
Benefit obligation, December 31	$	(398.5	)	$	(360.8	)	$	(10.1	)	$	(9.2	)

Change in plan assets:
Fair value of assets, January 1	$	284.7		$	251.0		$	—		$	—
Actual return on assets	32.3			40.5			—			—
Employer contribution	35.4			8.2			—			—
Participants' contribution	0.9			0.6			0.6			0.5
Benefits/expenses paid	(28.8		)	(16.4		)	(0.6		)	(0.5		)
Foreign currency translation	(2.2		)	0.8			—			—
Fair value of assets, December 31	$	322.3		$	284.7		$	—		$	—

Funded status at end of year	$	(76.2	)	$	(76.1	)	$	(10.1	)	$	(9.2	)

International pension plan assets, at fair value, included in the preceding table were $30.3 million and $28.5 million at December 31, 2014 and 2013, respectively.

Amounts recognized in the balance sheet were as follows:



	Pension benefits						Other retirement benefits
($ in millions)	2014			2013			2014			2013
Current liabilities	$	(1.8	)	$	(1.5	)	$	(0.8	)	$	(0.7	)
Noncurrent liabilities	(74.4		)	(74.6		)	(9.3		)	(8.5		)
	$	(76.2	)	$	(76.1	)	$	(10.1	)	$	(9.2	)

The amounts in accumulated other comprehensive loss, pre-tax, consisted of:



	Pension benefits						Other retirement benefits
($ in millions)	2014			2013			2014			2013
Net actuarial loss (gain)	$	120.1		$	95.2		$	(13.8	)	$	(15.5	)
Transition obligation	0.2			0.3			—			—
Prior service credit	(6.3		)	(7.4		)	—			—
Total	$	114.0		$	88.1		$	(13.8	)	$	(15.5	)

The net actuarial loss, transition obligation and prior service credit for the defined benefit pension plans that will be amortized from accumulated other comprehensive loss into net periodic benefit cost over the next fiscal year are $6.5 million, $0.1 million and $1.3 million, respectively. The net actuarial gain for the other retirement benefits plan that will be amortized from accumulated other comprehensive loss into net periodic benefit cost over the next fiscal year is $1.4 million.

The accumulated benefit obligation for all defined benefit pension plans was $391.0 million and $355.4 million at December 31, 2014 and 2013, respectively, including $60.2 million and $56.6 million, respectively, for international pension plans.

All of the defined benefit pension plans have projected benefit obligations and accumulated benefit obligations in excess of plan assets as of December 31, 2014 and 2013.

Benefit payments expected to be paid under our defined benefit pension and other retirement benefit plans in the next ten years are as follows:



($ in millions)	Domestic		International		Total
2015	$	21.5	$	1.6	$	23.1
2016	22.9		1.6		24.5
2017	24.4		1.8		26.2
2018	24.9		2.2		27.1
2019	25.8		2.4		28.2
2020 to 2024	135.5		15.1		150.6
	$	255.0	$	24.7	$	279.7

In 2015, we expect to contribute $23.3 million to pension plans, of which $2.1 million is for international plans. Included in this amount is a contribution to the U.S. qualified pension plan of $20.0 million, as well as a $1.2 million contribution to our non-qualified defined benefit pension plan. In addition, we expect to contribute $0.8 million for other retirement benefits in 2015. We periodically consider additional, voluntary contributions depending on the investment returns generated by pension plan assets, changes in benefit obligation projections and other factors.

Weighted average assumptions used to determine net periodic benefit cost were as follows:



	Pension benefits						Other retirement benefits
	2014		2013		2012		2014		2013		2012
Discount rate	4.50	%	3.99	%	4.78	%	4.55	%	3.50	%	4.50	%
Rate of compensation increase	4.29	%	4.24	%	4.29	%	—		—		—
Long-term rate of return on assets	7.01	%	7.12	%	7.37	%	—		—		—

Weighted average assumptions used to determine the benefit obligations were as follows:



	Pension benefits				Other retirement benefits
	2014		2013		2014		2013
Discount rate	3.96	%	4.82	%	3.90	%	4.55	%
Rate of compensation increase	4.14	%	4.37	%	—		—

The discount rate used to determine the benefit obligations for U.S. pension plans was 4.15% and 5.00% as of December 31, 2014 and 2013, respectively. The weighted average discount rate used to determine the benefit obligations for all international plans was 2.99% and 3.92% as of December 31, 2014 and 2013, respectively. The rate of compensation increase for U.S. plans was 4.25% for 2014 and 4.50% for 2013, while the weighted average rate for all international plans was 2.74% for 2014 and 2.80% for 2013. Other retirement benefits were only available to U.S. employees. The long-term rate of return for U.S. plans, which accounts for 91% of global plan assets, was 7.25% for 2014 and 2013, and 7.50% for 2012.

The assumed healthcare cost trend rate used to determine benefit obligations was 7.00% for all participants in 2014, decreasing to 5.00% by 2019. A change in the assumed healthcare cost trend rate by one percentage point would result in a $0.3 million increase or decrease in the postretirement obligation. The assumed healthcare cost trend rate used to determine net periodic benefit cost was 7.50% for all participants in 2014, decreasing to 5.00% by 2019. The effect of a one percentage point increase in the rate would be a $0.1 million increase in the aggregate service and interest cost components, while a one percentage point decrease in the rate would have an immaterial impact.

The weighted average asset allocations by asset category for our pension plans, at December 31, were as follows:



	2014		2013
Equity securities	63	%	66	%
Debt securities	35	%	32	%
Other	2	%	2	%
	100	%	100	%

Our U.S. pension plan is managed as a balanced portfolio comprised of two components: equity and fixed income debt securities. Equity investments are used to maximize the long-term real growth of fund assets, while fixed income investments are used to generate current income, provide for a more stable periodic return, and to provide some protection against a prolonged decline in the market value of equity investments. Temporary funds may be held as cash. We maintain a long-term strategic asset allocation policy which provides guidelines for ensuring that the fund's investments are managed with the short-term and long-term financial goals of the fund, while allowing the flexibility to react to unexpected changes in capital markets.

The following are the U.S. target asset allocations and acceptable allocation ranges:



	Target allocation	Allocation range
Equity securities	65%	60%-70%
Debt securities	35%	30%-40%
Other	—%	0%-5%

Diversification across and within asset classes is the primary means by which we mitigate risk. We maintain guidelines for all asset and sub-asset categories in order to avoid excessive investment concentrations. Fund assets are monitored on a regular basis. If at any time the fund asset allocation is not within the acceptable allocation range, funds will be reallocated. We also review the fund on a regular basis to ensure that the investment returns received are consistent with the short-term and long-term goals of the fund and with comparable market returns. We are prohibited from pledging fund securities and from investing pension fund assets in our own stock, securities on margin or derivative securities.

The following tables present the fair value of our pension plan assets, utilizing the fair value hierarchy discussed in Note 10, Fair Value Measurements:



	Balance at
	December 31,		Basis of Fair Value Measurements
($ in millions)	2014		Level 1		Level 2		Level 3
Cash	$	1.1	$	1.1	$	—	$	—
Equity securities:
Indexed mutual funds	142.3		142.3		—		—
International mutual funds	58.7		58.7		—		—
Fixed income securities:
Mutual funds	111.4		111.4		—		—
Insurance contract	1.0		—		1.0		—
Balanced mutual fund	7.8		7.8		—		—
	$	322.3	$	321.3	$	1.0	$	—



	Balance at
	December 31,		Basis of Fair Value Measurements
($ in millions)	2013		Level 1		Level 2		Level 3
Cash	$	1.0	$	1.0	$	—	$	—
Equity securities:
Indexed mutual funds	132.6		132.6		—		—
International mutual funds	55.4		55.4		—		—
Fixed income securities:
Mutual funds	87.4		87.4		—		—
Insurance contract	1.2		—		1.2		—
Balanced mutual fund	7.1		7.1		—		—
	$	284.7	$	283.5	$	1.2	$	—