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Income Taxes
3 Months Ended
Mar. 31, 2020
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]  
Income Taxes

11. Income Taxes

The Company recorded income tax expense of $8 and $10 for the three months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively.   The expense recorded for the three months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019 was lower than the statutory rate of 21% because the Company has a full valuation allowance on its deferred tax assets.  The Company’s valuation allowance is due to the uncertainty regarding the utilization of the deferred tax assets.               

The Company had deferred tax assets net of deferred tax liabilities of $13.5 million at March 31, 2020 and at December 31, 2019.  The deferred tax assets consisted of domestic deferred tax assets of $13.0 million and foreign deferred tax assets of $0.5 million. The Company’s gross deferred tax assets consist of federal and state net operating losses (“NOLs”), credits, and timing differences.  The Company’s federal NOLs generated in 2019 and 2018 have an infinite life, and the Company’s NOLs and credits generated as of December 31, 2017 have a finite life primarily based on the 20-year carry forward of federal net operating losses.  The timing differences have a ratable reversal pattern over 12 years.  On a regular basis, the Company evaluates the recoverability of deferred tax assets and the need for a valuation allowance. Such evaluations involve the application of significant judgment. The Company considers multiple factors in its evaluation of the need for a valuation allowance.  The Company’s full valuation allowance against its deferred tax assets was $13.5 million at March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019.  The Company generated book and tax income during 2019 but incurred significant losses in 2018 resulting in a cumulative break-even position for the three years ended December 31, 2019.  The Company recorded a book pretax loss for the three months ended March 31, 2020.  While the COVID-19 situation adds additional difficulty with projecting future results, the Company believes its financial outlook remains positive; however, under the accounting standards objective verifiable evidence will have greater weight than subjective evidence, such as the Company’s projections for future growth.  The analysis that the Company prepared to determine the valuation allowance required significant judgment and assumptions regarding future market conditions as well as forecasts for profits, taxable income, and taxable income by jurisdiction. Due to the sensitivity of the analysis, changes to the assumptions in subsequent periods could have a material effect on the valuation allowance. 

The Company files a consolidated federal income tax return, income tax returns with various states, and foreign income tax returns in various foreign jurisdictions. The Company’s U.S. federal tax returns remain subject to examination for 2017 and subsequent periods. The Company’s U.S. state tax returns remain subject to examination for 2015 and subsequent periods.  The Company’s foreign tax returns remain subject to examination for 2011 and subsequent periods.  The Company’s gross unrecognized tax benefit was $0.8 million at March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively.

 

On March 27, 2020, the “Coronavirus Aid, Relief and Economic Security (CARES) Act” was signed into law. The Act includes provisions relating to refundable payroll tax credits, deferment of the employer portion of certain payroll taxes, net operating loss carryback periods, alternative minimum tax credit refunds, modifications to the net interest deduction limitations and technical corrections to tax depreciation methods for qualified improvement property. The Company is currently analyzing the impact of these changes and therefore an estimate of the impact to income taxes is not yet available.