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Income Taxes
6 Months Ended
Jun. 30, 2016
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]  
Income Taxes

11. Income Taxes

The Company recorded income tax expense of $5.8 million and $4.5 million for the three and six months ended June 30, 2016, respectively.  The tax expense for the three and six months ended June 30, 2016 includes $7.6 million for an increase to the valuation allowance for the Company’s U.S. deferred tax assets.  Excluding the adjustment to the valuation allowance, the benefit recorded for the six months ended June 30, 2016 differed from the statutory rate of 34% due to the combination of U.S. pretax losses and foreign pretax profits at lower tax rates.

The Company recorded income tax expense of $0.2 million for the three and six months ended June 30, 2015. The tax benefit for the six months ended June 30, 2015 differed from the statutory rate of 34% primarily because of state income taxes.

At June 30, 2016, the Company has deferred tax assets net of deferred tax liabilities of $17.3 million, virtually all of which are related to the United States tax jurisdiction. The Company’s valuation allowance against its deferred tax assets was $8.3 million at June 30, 2016 and $0.6 million at December 31, 2015. On a regular basis, the Company evaluates the recoverability of deferred tax assets and the need for a valuation allowance. Such evaluations involve the application of significant judgment. The Company considers multiple factors in its evaluation of the need for a valuation allowance. The Company’s domestic deferred tax assets have a ratable reversal pattern over 15 years. The carry forward rules allow for up to a 20 year carry forward of net operating losses (“NOL”) to future income that is available to realize the deferred tax assets. The combination of the deferred tax asset reversal pattern and carry forward period yields a 27.5 year average period over which future income can be utilized to realize the deferred tax assets.

During the quarter ended June 30, 2016, there were two significant changes in the deferred tax asset recoverability evidence pattern.  The cumulative three year US book income turned to a loss.  In addition, the Company experienced a significant shift in its Connected Solutions segment revenue to products that are designed, manufactured and sold through the Company’s China subsidiary directly into China. This will cause a significant shift going forward in the Company’s tax profitability from the United States to China.   The Company believes this is the beginning of a long-term trend.  In the third quarter, the Company will complete a recapitalization of its China subsidiary to accommodate the initial working capital growth required to support the shift and continues to anticipate permanently reinvesting future earnings and profits from its China subsidiary in China to support its future working capital needs there.  

The Company re-forecasted its long term domestic profitability in light of the shift in business to China that is occurring.  The analysis that the Company prepared to determine the valuation allowance required significant judgment and assumptions regarding future market conditions as well as forecasts for profits, taxable income, and taxable income by jurisdiction.  The Company used a series of projections bound on the low side by what it would take for none of its deferred tax assets to be realized and on the high side by what it would take for all of the deferred tax assets to be realized.  The Company assigned probabilities to each scenario and the result was a weighted average valuation allowance of $7.6 million established at June 30, 2016.  Due to the sensitivity of the analysis, changes to the assumptions in subsequent periods could have a material effect on the valuation allowance.             

The Company’s gross unrecognized tax benefit was $0.8 million at June 30, 2016 and December 31, 2015.

The Company files a consolidated federal income tax return, income tax returns with various states, and foreign income tax returns in various foreign jurisdictions. The Company’s U.S. federal and state tax returns remain subject to examination for 2012 and subsequent periods.