Mannatech, Incorporated (together with its subsidiaries, the “Company”), located in Flower Mound, Texas, was incorporated in the state of Texas on November 4, 1993 and is listed on the Nasdaq Global Select Market under the symbol “MTEX”. The Company develops, markets, and sells high-quality, proprietary nutritional supplements, topical and skin care and anti-aging products, and weight-management products. We currently sell our products into three regions: (i) the Americas (the United States, Canada and Mexico); (ii) EMEA (Austria, the Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Germany, the Republic of Ireland, Namibia, the Netherlands, Norway, South Africa, Spain, Sweden and the United Kingdom); and (iii) Asia/Pacific (Australia, Japan, New Zealand, the Republic of Korea, Singapore, Taiwan, Hong Kong, and China).

Active business building associates ("independent associates" or "associates" or "distributors") and preferred customers purchase the Company’s products at published wholesale prices. The Company cannot distinguish products sold for personal use from other sales when sold to associates, because it is not involved with the products after delivery, other than usual and customary product warranties and returns. Only associates are eligible to earn commissions and incentives. We also ship our products to customers in the following countries: Belgium, France, Greece, Italy, Luxembourg, and Poland. The Company operates a non-direct selling business in mainland China. Our subsidiary in China, Meitai Daily Necessity & Health Products Co., Ltd. (“Meitai”), is operating as a traditional retailer under a cross-border e-commerce model in China. Meitai cannot legally conduct a direct selling business in China unless it acquires a direct selling license in China.

The accompanying unaudited consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America ("GAAP") for interim financial information and with instructions for Form 10-Q and Article 8-03 of Regulation S-X. Accordingly, the Company’s consolidated financial statements and footnotes contained herein do not include all of the information and footnotes required by GAAP to be considered “complete financial statements”. However, in the opinion of the Company’s management, the accompanying unaudited consolidated financial statements and footnotes contain all adjustments, including normal recurring adjustments, considered necessary for a fair presentation of the Company’s consolidated financial information as of, and for, the periods presented. The Company cautions that its consolidated results of operations for an interim period are not necessarily indicative of its consolidated results of operations to be expected for its fiscal year. The December 31, 2022 consolidated balance sheet was included in the audited consolidated financial statements in the Company’s annual report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2022 and filed with the United States Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) on March 17, 2023 (the “2022 Annual Report”), which includes all disclosures required by GAAP. Therefore, these unaudited consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements of the Company included in the 2022 Annual Report.

As a response to COVID-19, we closed some offices and worked remotely. The Company depends on an independent sales force of distributors to market and sell its products to consumers. Developments such as social distancing and shelter-in-place directives impacted, and may continue to impact, their ability to engage with potential and existing customers. The adverse economic effects of COVID-19 may also materially decrease demand for the Company’s products based on changes in consumer behavior or the restrictions in place by governments trying to curb the outbreak. For example, the Company has rescheduled corporate sponsored events, and in some cases, our associates have canceled sales meetings.

While the conditions described above are expected to be temporary, prolonged workforce disruptions, disruption in our supply chain or potential decreases in consumer demands may negatively impact sales and the Company’s overall liquidity. The full impact of COVID-19 continues to evolve and we are actively monitoring the global situation with a focus on our financial condition, liquidity, operations, suppliers, industry, and workforce.

The preparation of the Company’s consolidated financial statements in accordance with GAAP requires the use of estimates that affect the reported value of assets, liabilities, revenues and expenses. These estimates are based on historical experience and various other factors. The Company continually evaluates the information used to make these estimates as the business and economic environment changes. Historically, actual results have not varied materially from the Company’s estimates and the Company does not currently anticipate a significant change in its assumptions related to these estimates. However, actual results may differ from these estimates under different assumptions or conditions.

The Company considers all highly liquid investments with original maturities of three months or less to be cash equivalents. The Company includes in its cash and cash equivalents credit card receivables due from its credit card processor, as the cash proceeds from credit card receivables are received within 24 to 72 hours. As of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, credit card receivables were $2.0 million and $1.9 million, respectively. At each of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, cash and cash equivalents held in bank accounts in foreign countries totaled $11.3 million. The Company invests cash in liquid instruments, such as money market funds and interest-bearing deposits. The Company holds cash in high quality financial institutions and does not believe it has an excessive exposure to credit concentration risk.

A significant portion of our cash and cash equivalent balances were concentrated within the Republic of Korea, with total net assets within this foreign location totaling $24.6 million and $21.3 million at March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively. In addition, for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, a concentrated portion of our operating cash flows were earned from operations within the Republic of Korea. An adverse change in economic conditions within the Republic of Korea could negatively affect the Company’s results of operations.


	March 31, 2023		December 31, 2022
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period	$	13,777	$	24,185
Current restricted cash at beginning of period	944		944
Long-term restricted cash at beginning of period	476		503
Cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash at beginning of period	$	15,197	$	25,632

Cash and cash equivalents at end of period	$	13,682	$	13,777
Current restricted cash at end of period	944		944
Long-term restricted cash at end of period	465		476
Cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash at end of period	$	15,091	$	15,197

Accounts receivable are carried at their estimated collectible amounts. Receivables are created upon shipment of an order if the credit card payment is rejected or does not match the order total. As of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, receivables consisted primarily of amounts due from preferred customers and associates. At March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, the Company's accounts receivable balance (net of allowance) were $0.1 million and $0.2 million, respectively. Upon adoption of ASU 2016-13, Financial Instruments - Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments ("ASU 2016-13"), the Company assesses collectability by reviewing accounts receivable on a collective basis where similar characteristics exist and on an individual basis when the Company identifies specific customers with known disputes or collectability issues. Expected loss estimates are determined utilizing an aging schedule. In determining the amount of the allowance for credit losses, the Company considers historical collectability based on past due status and makes judgments about the creditworthiness of customers based on ongoing credit evaluations. The Company also considers customer-specific information, current market conditions and reasonable and supportable forecasts of future economic conditions to inform adjustments to historical loss data. At March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, the Company held an allowance for credit losses of $1.1 million and $1.0 million, respectively.

As of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, other assets were $8.1 million and $8.4 million, respectively. These amounts primarily consisted of right-of-use assets related to operating leases for office space and equipment, net of lease incentives, of $4.4 million and $4.6 million as of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively. See Note 8, Leases, for more information on these assets. Also included in Other Assets were deposits for building leases in various locations of $1.3 million for each of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022. Additionally, included in the March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022 balances was $2.2 million and $2.3 million, respectively, representing a deposit with Mutual Aid Cooperative and Consumer in the Republic of Korea, an organization established by the Republic of Korea’s Fair Trade Commission to protect consumers who participate in network marketing activities. Finally, each of the March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022 balances included $0.2 million of indefinite lived intangible assets relating to the Manapol® powder trademark.

As of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, accrued expenses were $7.0 million and $7.5 million, respectively. These amounts primarily consisted of $1.4 million representing employee benefits, which included accrued wages, bonus and severance at each of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022. Also included in the March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022 balances were non-inventory accrued liabilities of $2.4 million and $2.8 million, respectively. Additionally, included in the March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022 balances was $1.7 million and $1.6 million for the current portion of operating lease liabilities, respectively. At March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, also included in the balances were $0.8 million and $1.0 million for accrued auditing and accounting fees, respectively. At each of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, other accrued expenses were $0.7 million.

Other long-term liabilities were $4.6 million and $5.0 million as of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively. As of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, the balance is primarily composed of long-term operating lease obligations of $3.7 million and $4.2 million, respectively. See Note 8, Leases, for more information. Certain operating leases for the Company’s regional office facilities contain a restoration clause that requires the Company to restore the premises to its original condition. At each of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, accrued restoration costs related to these leases amounted to $0.3 million. At each of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, the Company also recorded a long-term liability for estimated defined benefit obligation related to a non-U.S. defined benefit plan for its Japan operations of $0.2 million (see Note 9, Employee Benefit Plans, of the Company’s 2022 Annual Report).

The Company’s revenue is derived from sales of individual products and associate fees or, in certain geographic markets, starter packs. Substantially all of the Company’s product sales are made at published wholesale prices to associates and preferred customers. The Company records revenue net of any sales taxes and records a reserve for expected sales returns based on its historical experience. The Company recognizes revenue from shipped products when control of the product transfers to the customer, thus the performance obligation is satisfied. Corporate-sponsored event revenue is recognized when the event is held.

Revenues from associate fees relate to providing associates with the right to earn commissions, benefits and incentives for an annual period. Revenue from software tools included in the first contractual year is recognized over three months and revenue from associate fees is recognized over twelve months (see Contracts with Multiple Performance Obligations for recognition guidelines). Almost all orders are paid via credit card. See Note 10, Segment Information, for disaggregation of revenues by geographic segment and type.

Orders placed by associates or preferred customers constitute our contracts. Product sales placed in the form of an automatic order contain two performance obligations: (a) the sale of the product and (b) the loyalty program. For these contracts, the Company accounts for each of these obligations separately as they are each distinct. The transaction price is allocated between the product sale and the loyalty program on a relative standalone selling price basis. Sales placed through a one-time order contain only the first performance obligation noted above, the sale of the product.

The Company provides associates with access to a complimentary three-month package for the Success TrackerTM and Mannatech+ online business tools with the first payment of an associate fee. The first payment of an associate fee contains three performance obligations: (a) the associate fee, whereby the Company provides an associate with the right to earn commissions, bonuses and incentives for a year; (b) three months of complimentary access to utilize the Success Tracker™ online tool; and (c) three months of complimentary access to utilize the Mannatech+ online business tool. The transaction price is allocated between the three performance obligations on a relative standalone selling price basis. Associates do not have complimentary access to online business tools after the first contractual period.

The Company defers commissions on (i) the sales of products shipped but not received by customers by the end of the respective period and (ii) the loyalty program. Deferred commissions are incremental costs and are amortized to expense consistent with how the related revenue is recognized. Deferred commissions were $2.5 million for the year ended December 31, 2022. Of this balance, $1.8 million was amortized to commissions expense for the three months ended March 31, 2023. At March 31, 2023, deferred commissions were $2.5 million.

The Company defers certain components of its revenue. Deferred revenue consisted of: (i) sales of products shipped but not received by customers by the end of the respective period; (ii) revenue from the loyalty program; (iii) prepaid registration fees from customers planning to attend a future corporate-sponsored event; and (iv) prepaid annual associate fees. At December 31, 2022, the Company’s deferred revenue was $5.1 million. Of this balance, $3.6 million was recognized as revenue for the three months ended March 31, 2023. At March 31, 2023, the Company’s deferred revenue was $5.5 million.

The Company’s customer loyalty program conveys a material right to the customer as it provides the promise to redeem loyalty points for the purchase of products, which is based on earning points through placing consecutive qualified orders. The Company factors in breakage rates, which is the percentage of the loyalty points that are expected to be forfeited or expire, for purposes of revenue recognition. Breakage rates are estimated based on historical data and can be reasonably and objectively determined. The deferred revenue associated with the loyalty program at each of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022 was $3.7 million and $4.2 million, respectively.

The Company utilizes the expected value method, as set forth by Accounting Standard Codification ("ASC") Topic 606 Revenue from Contracts with Customers ("ASC 606"), to estimate the sales returns and allowance liability by taking the weighted average of the sales return rates over a rolling six-month period. The Company allocates the total amount recorded within the sales return and allowance liability as a reduction of the overall transaction price for the Company’s product sales. The Company deems the sales refund and allowance liability to be a variable consideration.

Historically, sales returns have not materially changed through the years, as the majority of our customers who return their merchandise do so within the first 90 days after the original sale. Sales returns have historically averaged 1.5% or less of our gross sales. As of each of the periods set forth below, our sales return reserve consisted of the following (in thousands):


Sales reserve as of January 1, 2022	$	55
Provision related to sales made in current period	783
Adjustment related to sales made in prior periods	(4)
Actual returns or credits related to current period	(730)
Actual returns or credits related to prior periods	(45)
Sales reserve as of December 31, 2022	$	59

Sales reserve as of January 1, 2023	$	59
Provision related to sales made in current period	266
Adjustment related to sales made in prior periods	592
Actual returns or credits related to current period	(192)
Actual returns or credits related to prior periods	(644)
Sales reserve as of March 31, 2023	$	81

The Company records inbound freight as a component of inventory and cost of sales. The Company records freight and shipping fees collected from its customers as fulfillment costs. In accordance with ASC 606-10-25-18a, freight and shipping fees are not deemed to be separate performance obligations as these activities occur before the customer receives the product.

Comprehensive income is defined as the change in equity of a business enterprise during a period from transactions and other events and circumstances from non-owner sources and includes all changes in equity during a period except those resulting from investments by owners and distributions to owners. The Company’s comprehensive income consists of the Company’s net income, foreign currency translation adjustments from its Japan, Republic of Korea, Taiwan, Denmark, Norway, Sweden, Mexico and China operations, remeasurement of intercompany balances classified as equity in its Korea, and Mexico operations, and changes in the pension obligation for its Japanese employees.

The Company adopted ASU 2016-13 as of January 1, 2023. This new standard adds to U.S. GAAP an impairment model (known as the current expected credit loss ("CECL") model) that is based on expected losses rather than incurred losses. Under the new guidance, an entity recognizes as an allowance its estimate of expected credit losses, which is intended to result in the more timely recognition of losses. Under the CECL model, entities estimate credit losses over the entire contractual term of the instrument (considering estimated prepayments, but not expected extensions or modifications) from the date of initial recognition of the financial instrument. Measurement of expected credit losses are based on relevant forecasts that affect collectability. The scope of financial assets within the CECL methodology is broad and includes trade receivables from certain revenue transactions and certain off-balance sheet credit exposures. ASU 2016-13 only applies to our receivables from revenue transactions. Under ASC 606, revenue is recognized when, among other criteria, it is probable that the entity will collect the consideration to which it is entitled for goods or services transferred to a customer. At the point that trade receivables are recorded, they become subject to the CECL model and estimates of expected credit losses on trade receivables over their contractual life are required to be recorded at inception based on historical information, current conditions, and reasonable and supportable forecasts. The Company adopted the accounting standard using the prospective transition approach as of January 1, 2023. The cumulative effect upon adoption did not have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements or existing internal controls.