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ORGANIZATION AND SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES
 12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2021
Organization, Consolidation and Presentation of Financial Statements [Abstract]  
ORGANIZATION AND SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES ORGANIZATION AND SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES
Mannatech, Incorporated (together with its subsidiaries, the “Company”), located in Flower Mound, Texas, was incorporated in the state of Texas on November 4, 1993 and is listed on The Nasdaq Global Select Market under the symbol “MTEX”. The Company develops, markets, and sells high-quality, proprietary nutritional supplements, topical and skin care and anti-aging products, and weight-management products. We currently sell our products into three regions: (i) the Americas (the United States, Canada and Mexico); (ii) EMEA (Austria, the Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Germany, the Republic of Ireland, Namibia, the Netherlands, Norway, South Africa, Spain, Sweden and the United Kingdom); and (iii) Asia/Pacific (Australia, Japan, New Zealand, the Republic of Korea, Singapore, Taiwan, Hong Kong, and China).
Active business building associates ("independent associates" or "associates" or "distributors") and preferred customers purchase the Company’s products at published wholesale prices. The Company cannot distinguish products sold for personal use from other sales, when sold to associates, because it is not involved with the products after delivery, other than usual and customary product warranties and returns. Only associates are eligible to earn commissions and incentives. The Company operates a non-direct selling business in mainland China. Our subsidiary in China, Meitai Daily Necessity & Health Products Co., Ltd. (“Meitai”), is operating as a traditional retailer under a cross-border e-commerce model in China. Meitai cannot legally conduct a direct selling business in China unless it acquires a direct selling license in China.
As a response to COVID-19, we closed some offices and worked remotely. The Company depends on an independent sales force of distributors to market and sell its products to consumers. Developments such as social distancing and shelter-in-place directives impacted, and may continue to impact, their ability to engage with potential and existing customers. The adverse economic effects of COVID-19 have had an impact on demand for the Company’s products due to government restrictions and changes in consumer behavior. Moreover, the Company has rescheduled corporate sponsored events, and in some cases, our associates have cancelled sales meetings.
For some products the Company experienced shortages of raw materials, packaging supplies and ingredients and we successfully worked through challenges in getting these materials and ingredients to our contract manufacturers and finished products to our distribution centers. Despite the impact on the global supply chain, the Company has overcome obstacles in shipping to our customers.
While the conditions described above are expected to be temporary, prolonged workforce disruptions, continued disruption in our supply chain and potential changes in consumer demands could negatively impact our sales as well as the Company’s overall liquidity. We are managing with a focus on our financial condition, liquidity, operations, suppliers, industry, and workforce.

Principles of Consolidation
The consolidated financial statements and footnotes include the accounts of the Company and its wholly-owned subsidiaries. All intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation.

Use of Estimates
The preparation of the Company’s consolidated financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles requires the use of estimates that affect the reported value of assets, liabilities, revenues and expenses. These estimates are based on historical experience and various other factors. The Company continually evaluates the information used to make these estimates as the business and economic environment changes. Historically, actual results have not varied materially from the Company’s estimates and the Company does not currently anticipate a significant change in its assumptions related to these estimates. However, actual results may differ from these estimates under different assumptions or conditions.
The use of estimates is pervasive throughout the consolidated financial statements, but the accounting policies and estimates considered the most significant are described in this note to the consolidated financial statements, Organization and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies.
Foreign Currency Translation
The United States dollar is the functional currency for the majority of the Company’s foreign subsidiaries. As a result, nonmonetary assets and liabilities are remeasured at their approximate historical rates, monetary assets and liabilities are remeasured at exchange rates in effect at the end of the year, and revenues and expenses are remeasured at weighted-average exchange rates for the year. The local currency is the functional currency of our subsidiaries in Japan, Republic of Korea, Taiwan, Norway, Denmark, Sweden, Mexico and China. These subsidiaries’ assets and liabilities are translated into United States dollars at exchange rates existing at the balance sheet dates, revenues and expenses are translated at weighted-average exchange rates, and shareholders’ equity and intercompany balances are translated at historical exchange rates. The foreign currency translation adjustment is recorded as a separate component of shareholders’ equity and is included in accumulated other comprehensive income.
Transaction losses totaled approximately $0.2 million for the year ended December 31, 2021 and transaction gains totaled approximately $1.1 million for the year ended December 31, 2020, and are included in other (expense) income, net in the Company’s consolidated statements of operations.

Cash and Cash Equivalents
The Company considers all highly liquid investments with original maturities of three months or less to be cash equivalents. The Company includes in its cash and cash equivalents credit card receivables due from its credit card processor, as the cash proceeds from credit card receivables are received within 24 to 72 hours. As of December 31, 2021 and 2020, credit card receivables were $1.2 million and $2.4 million, respectively, and cash and cash equivalents held in bank accounts in foreign countries totaled $22.6 million and $18.6 million, respectively. The Company invests cash in liquid instruments, such as money market funds and interest bearing deposits. The Company also holds cash in high quality financial institutions and does not believe it has an excessive exposure to credit concentration risk.
    At December 31, 2021, a portion of our cash and cash equivalent balances were concentrated within the Republic of South Korea, with total net assets within this foreign location totaling $20.1 million. In addition, for the year ended December 31, 2021, a concentrated portion of our operating cash flows were earned from operations within the Republic of South Korea. An adverse change in economic conditions within the Republic of South Korea could negatively affect the Company’s results of operations.

Restricted Cash
The Company is required to restrict cash for: (i) direct selling insurance premiums and credit card sales in the Republic of Korea; (ii) reserve on credit card sales in the United States and Canada; and (iii) Australia building lease collateral. As of December 31, 2021 and 2020, our total restricted cash was $1.4 million and $5.3 million, respectively. The Company classifies the restricted cash held in Korea and Australia as long-term since it relates to assets and services contracted for longer than one year.
The following table provides a reconciliation of cash and cash equivalents, and restricted cash reported within the Company's consolidated balance sheets to the total amount presented in the consolidated statement of cash flows (in thousands):
December 31, 2021December 31, 2020
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period $22,207 $24,762 
Current restricted cash at beginning of period 944 943 
Long-term restricted cash at beginning of period 4,346 5,295 
Cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash at beginning of period $27,497 $31,000 
Cash and cash equivalents at end of period $24,185 $22,207 
Current restricted cash at end of period 944 944 
Long-term restricted cash at end of period 503 4,346 
Cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash at end of period$25,632 $27,497 
Accounts Receivable
Accounts receivable are carried at their estimated collectible amounts. As of December 31, 2021 and 2020, receivables consisted primarily of amounts due from preferred customers and associates. The Company periodically evaluates its receivables for collectability based on historical experience, recent account activities, and the length of time receivables are past due and writes-off receivables when they become uncollectible. As of December 31, 2021 and 2020, the Company held an allowance for doubtful accounts of $1.0 million and $0.8 million, respectively.

Inventories
Inventories consist of raw materials, finished goods, and promotional materials that are stated at the lower of cost (using standard costs that approximate average costs) or net realizable value. The Company periodically reviews inventories for obsolescence and any inventories identified as obsolete are reserved or written off.

Prepaid Expenses and Other Current Assets
Prepaid expenses and other current assets were $2.9 million and $3.0 million at December 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively. Included in each of the December 31, 2021 and 2020 balances were $1.1 million in other prepaid assets. Also included in the balances at December 31, 2021 and 2020 were $0.5 million and $1.1 million for other prepaid deposits, respectively. Also included in the balances at December 31, 2021 and 2020 were $1.3 million and $0.8 million in prepaid inventory, respectively.

Property and Equipment
Property and equipment are stated at cost, less accumulated depreciation and amortization computed using the straight-line method over the estimated useful life of each asset. Leasehold improvements are amortized over the shorter of the lease term or the estimated useful life of the improvements. Expenditures for maintenance and repairs are charged to expense as incurred. The cost of property and equipment sold or otherwise retired and the related accumulated depreciation are removed from the accounts and any resulting gain or loss is included in other operating costs in the accompanying consolidated statements of operations. The estimated useful lives of fixed assets are as follows:
 Estimated useful life
Office furniture and equipment5 to 7 years
Computer hardware and software3 to 5 years
Automobiles3 to 5 years
Leasehold improvements2 to 10 years
Property and equipment are reviewed for impairment whenever an event or change in circumstances indicates that the carrying amount of an asset or group of assets may not be recoverable. The impairment review includes a comparison of future projected cash flows generated by the asset or group of assets with its associated net carrying value. If the net carrying value of the asset or group of assets exceeds expected cash flows (undiscounted and without interest charges), an impairment loss is recognized to the extent the carrying amount of the asset exceeds its fair value.

Other Assets
At December 31, 2021 and 2020, other assets were $9.2 million and $12.0 million, respectively. The December 31, 2021 and 2020 balances include operating lease right of use assets of $4.7 million and $6.9 million, respectively. See Note 5, Leases for more information. Included in the December 31, 2021 and 2020 balances were deposits for building leases in various locations of $1.9 million and $2.2 million, respectively. Also included in the December 31, 2021 and 2020 balances were $2.4 million and $2.6 million, respectively, representing a deposit with Mutual Aid Cooperative and Consumer in the Republic of Korea, an organization established by the Republic of Korea’s Fair Trade Commission’s approval to compensate and protect consumers who participate in network marketing activities from damages. Other assets at each of December 31, 2021 and 2020 also include $0.2 million of indefinite lived intangible assets relating to the Manapol® powder trademark.

Notes Payable
Notes payable were $0.2 million and $0.6 million as of December 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020, respectively, as a result of funding from a capital financing agreement related to our investment in leasehold improvements, computer hardware and software and other financing arrangements. Payments are made monthly according to the terms of the agreements which have a weighted average effective interest rate of 5.7% and are collateralized by leasehold improvements and computer
hardware and software. At December 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020 , the current portion was $0.2 million and $0.6 million, respectively.

Other Long-Term Liabilities
Other long-term liabilities were $5.0 million and $7.2 million as of December 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively. At December 31, 2021 and 2020, we recorded long-term lease liabilities related to operating leases of $4.3 million and $6.1 million, respectively. See Note 5, Leases for more information. At December 31, 2021, there was nothing recorded in other long-term liabilities related to uncertain income tax positions. At December 31, 2020, we recorded $0.2 million in long-term liabilities related to uncertain income tax positions (see Note 7, Income Taxes). Certain operating leases for the Company’s regional office facilities contain a restoration clause that requires the Company to restore the premises to its original condition. At each of December 31, 2021 and 2020, accrued restoration costs related to these leases amounted to $0.3 million. At each of December 31, 2021 and 2020, government mandated severance accruals in certain international offices amounted to $0.5 million. The Company also recorded a long-term liability for an estimated defined benefit obligation related to a non-U.S. defined benefit plan for its Japan operations of $0.2 million and $0.4 million as of December 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively (See Note 9, Employee Benefit Plans).

Revenue Recognition
The Company’s revenue is derived from sales of individual products and associate fees or, in certain geographic markets, starter packs. Substantially all of the Company’s product sales are made at published wholesale prices to associates and preferred customers. The Company records revenue net of any sales taxes and records a reserve for expected sales returns based on its historical experience. The Company recognizes revenue from shipped products when control of the product transfers to the customer, thus the performance obligation is satisfied. Corporate-sponsored event revenue is recognized when the event is held.
Orders placed by associates or preferred customers constitute our contracts. Product sales placed in the form of an automatic order contain two performance obligations: (a) the sale of the product and (b) the loyalty program. For these contracts, the Company accounts for each of these obligations separately as they are each distinct. The transaction price is allocated between the product sale and the loyalty program on a relative standalone selling price basis. Sales placed through a one-time order contain only the first performance obligation noted above - the sale of the product.
The Company provides associates with access to a complimentary three-month package for the Success TrackerTM and Mannatech+ online business tools with the first payment of an associate fee. The first payment of an associate fee contains three performance obligations: (a) the associate fee, whereby the Company provides an associate with the right to earn commissions, bonuses and incentives for a year, (b) three months of complimentary access to utilize the Success Tracker™ online tool and (c) three months of complimentary access to utilize the Mannatech+ online business tool. The transaction price is allocated between the three performance obligations on a relative standalone selling price basis. Associates do not have complimentary access to online business tools after the first contractual period.
With regard to both of the aforementioned contracts, the Company determines the standalone selling prices based on our overall pricing objectives, taking into consideration market conditions and other factors, including the value of the contracts.
Our sales mix for the years ended December 31, was as follows (in millions, except percentages):
 2021Percentage2020Percentage
     Consolidated product sales$151.0 94.5 %$146.2 96.5 %
     Consolidated pack sales and associate fees8.0 5.0 %4.2 2.8 %
     Consolidated other0.8 0.5 %1.0 0.7 %
     Total consolidated net sales$159.8 100.0 %$151.4 100.0 %
Revenues by reporting segment are presented in Note 15, Segment Information of our consolidated financial statements. We believe that the disaggregation of our revenues as reflected above, coupled with further discussion below, and the reporting segment in Note 15, Segment Information depicts how the nature, amount, timing and uncertainty of our revenues and cash flows are affected by economic factors.
Deferred Commissions
The Company defers commissions on (i) the sales of products shipped but not received by customers by the end of the respective period and (ii) the loyalty program. Deferred commissions are incremental costs and are amortized to expense consistent with how the related revenue is recognized. Deferred commissions were $2.4 million and $2.3 million at December 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020, respectively. The full $2.3 million balance at December 31, 2020 was amortized to commissions expense for the twelve months ended December 31, 2021.

Deferred Revenue
The Company defers certain components of its revenue. Deferred revenue consisted of: (i) sales of products shipped but not received by the customers by the end of the respective period; (ii) revenue from the loyalty program; (iii) prepaid registration fees from customers planning to attend a future corporate-sponsored event; and (iv) prepaid annual associate fees. At December 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020, the Company’s deferred revenue was $4.9 million and $5.5 million, respectively. The full $5.5 million balance at December 31, 2020 was recognized as revenue for the twelve months ended December 31, 2021.
    The Company's customer loyalty program conveys a material right to the customer as it provides the promise to redeem loyalty points for the purchase of products, which is based on earning points through placing consecutive qualified automatic orders. The Company factors in breakage rates, which is the percentage of the loyalty points that are expected to be forfeited or expire, for purposes of revenue recognition. Breakage rates are estimated based on historical data and can be reasonably and objectively determined. The deferred revenue associated with the loyalty program at December 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020 was $4.3 million and $4.5 million, as follows:
Loyalty program(in thousands)
Loyalty deferred revenue as of January 1, 2020$3,127 
Loyalty points forfeited or expired(3,249)
Loyalty points used(9,385)
Loyalty points vested12,771 
Loyalty points unvested1,223 
Loyalty deferred revenue as of December 31, 2020$4,487 
Loyalty deferred revenue as of January 1, 2021$4,487 
Loyalty points forfeited or expired(3,987)
Loyalty points used(9,809)
Loyalty points vested11,676 
Loyalty points unvested1,925 
Loyalty deferred revenue as of December 31, 2021$4,292 

Sales Refund and Allowances
The Company utilizes the expected value method to estimate the sales returns and allowance liability by taking the weighted average of the sales return rates over a rolling six-month period. The Company allocates the total amount recorded within the sales return and allowance liability as a reduction of the overall transaction price for the Company’s product sales. The Company deems the sales refund and allowance liability to be a variable consideration.
Historically, our sales returns have not materially changed through the years, as the majority of our customers who return their merchandise do so within the first 90 days after the original sale. Sales returns have historically averaged 1.5% or less of our gross sales. For the years ended December 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020, our sales return reserve consisted of the following (in thousands):
Sales reserve as of January 1, 2020$68 
Provision related to sales made in current period1,028 
Adjustment related to sales made in prior periods5 
Actual returns or credits related to current period(959)
Actual returns or credits related to prior periods(71)
Sales reserve as of December 31, 2020$71 
Sales reserve as of January 1, 2021$71 
Provision related to sales made in current period778 
Adjustment related to sales made in prior periods(11)
Actual returns or credits related to current period(728)
Actual returns or credits related to prior periods(55)
Sales reserve as of December 31, 2021$55 

Shipping and Handling Costs
The Company records inbound freight as a component of inventory and cost of sales. The Company records freight and shipping fees collected from its customers as fulfillment costs. Freight and shipping fees are not deemed to be separate performance obligations as these activities occur before the customer receives the product.

Commission and Incentive Expenses
Associates earn commissions and incentives based on their direct and indirect commissionable net sales over each month of the fiscal year. The Company accrues commissions and incentives when earned by associates and pays commissions on product and pack sales on a monthly basis.

Advertising Expenses
The Company expenses advertising and promotions in selling and administrative expenses when incurred. Advertising and promotional expenses remained constant at $3.5 million for each of the years ended December 31, 2021 and 2020. Educational and promotional items are sold to associates to assist in their sales efforts and are included in inventories and charged to cost of sales when sold.

Research and Development Expenses
The Company expenses research and development expenses as incurred. Research and development expenses related to new product development, enhancement of existing products, clinical studies and trials, Food and Drug Administration compliance studies, general supplies, internal salaries, third-party contractors, and consulting fees were approximately $1.2 million and $0.8 million, respectively, for the years ended December 31, 2021 and 2020. Salaries and contract labor are included in selling and administrative expenses and all other research and development costs are included in other operating costs, including $0.3 million expenditure into clinical studies of Ambrotose® and Manapol®.

Stock-Based Compensation
The Company currently has one active stock-based compensation plan, the Mannatech, Incorporated 2017 Stock Incentive Plan, which was adopted by the Company’s Board of Directors (the "Board") on April 17, 2017 and was approved by its shareholders on June 8, 2017. See Note 10, Stock Based Compensation.
Software Development Costs
The Company capitalizes qualifying internal payroll and external contracting and consulting costs related to the development of internal use software that are incurred during the application development stage, which includes design of the software configuration and interfaces, coding, installation, and testing. Costs incurred during the preliminary project along with post-implementation stages of internal use software are expensed as incurred. During each of the years ended December 31, 2021 and 2020, the Company capitalized $0.3 million of qualifying internal payroll costs. The Company amortizes such costs over the estimated useful life of the software, which is three to five years once the software is placed in service.

Other Operating Costs
Other operating costs include travel, accounting/legal/consulting fees, credit card processing fees, banking fees, off-site storage fees, utilities, and other miscellaneous operating expenses.

Income Taxes
    The Company determines the provision for income taxes using the asset and liability method. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for the future tax consequences attributable to differences between the financial statement carrying amounts of existing assets and liabilities and their respective tax bases and operating loss and tax credit carryforwards. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured using enacted tax rates expected to apply to taxable income in the years in which those temporary differences are expected to be recovered or settled. The effect on deferred tax assets and liabilities of a change in tax rates is recognized as income in the period that includes the enactment date. The Company evaluates the probability of realizing the future benefits of its deferred tax assets and provides a valuation allowance for the portion of any deferred tax assets where the likelihood of realizing an income tax benefit in the future does not meet the more likely than not criterion for recognition. The Company recognizes the effect of income tax positions only if those positions are more likely than not of being sustained. Recognized income tax positions are measured at the largest amount that is greater than 50% likely of being recognized. Changes in recognition or measurement are reflected in the period in which the change in judgment occurs. The Company recognizes both interest and penalties related to uncertain tax positions as part of the income tax provision.

Comprehensive Income and Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income
Comprehensive income is defined as the change in equity of a business enterprise during a period from transactions and other events and circumstances from non-owner sources and includes all changes in equity during a period except those resulting from investments by owners and distributions to owners. The Company’s comprehensive income consists of the Company’s net income, foreign currency translation adjustments from its Japan, Republic of Korea, Taiwan, Denmark, Norway, Sweden, Colombia, Mexico and China operations, remeasurement of intercompany balances of a long-term-investment nature from its Taiwan, Mexico and Cyprus operations, and changes in the pension obligation for its Japanese employees.

Concentration Risk
A significant portion of our revenue is derived from our Ambrotose Life®, TruHealth™, Advanced Ambrotose®, Optimal Support Packets, and GI-Pro products. A decline in sales value of such products could have a material adverse effect on our earnings, cash flows, and financial position. Revenue from these products were as follows for the years ended December 31, 2021 and 2020 (in thousands, except percentages):
 20212020
 Sales by
product		% of total
net sales		Sales by
product		% of total
net sales
Ambrotose Life®
$28,776 18.0 %$36,066 23.8 %
TruHealth™
18,010 11.3 %16,263 10.7 %
Manapol® Powder
13,141 8.2 %7,187 4.7 %
Advanced Ambrotose®
11,158 7.0 %14,662 9.7 %
GI-Pro (MicroBiome)8,478 5.3 %7,513 5.0 %
Total$79,563 49.8 %$81,691 53.9 %
Our business is not currently exposed to customer concentration risk given that no independent associate has ever accounted for more than 10% of our consolidated net sales.
The Company maintains supply agreements with its suppliers and manufacturers. Some of the supply agreements contain exclusivity clauses and/or minimum annual purchase requirements. Failure to satisfy minimum purchase requirements could result in the loss of exclusivity. During the year ended December 31, 2021, the Company purchased finished goods from four suppliers that accounted for 36.4% of the year's cost of sales. During the year ended December 31, 2020, the Company purchased finished goods from four suppliers that accounted for 56.8% of the year's cost of sales. The Company maintains other supply and manufacturing agreements to minimize exposure to supplier risk.
Financial instruments, which potentially subject the Company to concentrations of credit risk, consist principally of cash and cash equivalents, investments, receivables, and restricted cash. The Company utilizes financial institutions that the Company considers to be of high credit quality and periodically evaluates the credit rating of such institutions and the allocation of their investments to minimize exposure to credit concentration risk.

Reclassification of Prior Year Presentation
Certain prior year amounts have been reclassified for consistency with the current year presentation. These reclassifications had no effect on the reported balances or results of operations. An adjustment has been made to the Consolidated Balance Sheet for fiscal year ended December 31, 2020, to reclassify the Deferred Tax Liabilities to Deferred Tax Assets.

Fair Value of Financial Instruments
The fair value of the Company’s financial instruments, including cash and cash equivalents, restricted cash, time deposits, money market investments, receivables, payables, and accrued expenses, approximate their carrying values due to their relatively short maturities. See Note 2 to our Consolidated Financial Statements, Fair Value, for more information.

Accounting Pronouncements Issued But Not Yet Effective
    In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-13, Financial Instruments - Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments ( “ASU 2016-13”). This standard adds to U.S. GAAP an impairment model (known as the current expected credit loss (“CECL model”) that is based on expected losses rather than incurred losses. Under the new guidance, an entity recognizes as an allowance its estimate of expected credit losses, which is intended to result in the more timely recognition of losses. Under the CECL model, entities will estimate credit losses over the entire contractual term of the instrument (considering estimated prepayments, but not expected extensions or modifications) from the date of initial recognition of the financial instrument. Measurement of expected credit losses are to be based on relevant forecasts that affect collectability. The scope of financial assets within the CECL methodology is broad and includes trade receivables from certain revenue transactions and certain off-balance sheet credit exposures. Different components of the guidance require modified retrospective or prospective adoption. ASU 2019-10 deferred the effective date of ASU 2016-13 for smaller reporting companies. This standard will be effective for us as of January 1, 2023. While our review is ongoing, we believe ASU 2016-13 will only have applicability to our receivables from revenue transactions. Under ASC Topic 606, revenue is recognized when, among other criteria, it is probable that the entity will collect the consideration to which it is entitled for goods or services transferred to a customer. At the point that trade receivables are recorded, they become subject to the CECL model and estimates of expected credit losses on trade receivables over their contractual life will be required to be recorded at inception based on historical information, current conditions, and reasonable and supportable forecasts. The Company is currently evaluating whether the new guidance will have an impact on our consolidated financial statements or existing internal controls.    
Other recently issued accounting pronouncements did not or are not believed by management to have a material impact on the Company's present or future financial statements.