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Residential Whole Loans

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2019

Included on the Company’s consolidated balance sheets as of December 31, 2019 and 2018 are approximately $7.4 billion and $4.7 billion, respectively, of residential whole loans arising from the Company’s interests in certain trusts established to acquire the loans and certain entities established in connection with its loan securitization transactions. The Company has assessed that these entities are required to be consolidated for financial reporting purposes.

Residential Whole Loans, at Carrying Value

The following table presents the components of the Company’s Residential whole loans, at carrying value at December 31, 2019 and 2018:



(Dollars In Thousands)	December 31, 2019		December 31, 2018
Purchased Performing Loans:
Non-QM loans	$	3,706,857	$	1,354,774
Rehabilitation loans	1,023,766		494,576
Single-family rental loans	460,679		145,327
Seasoned performing loans	176,569		224,051
Total Purchased Performing Loans	5,367,871		2,218,728
Purchased Credit Impaired Loans	698,474		797,987
Total Residential whole loans, at carrying value	$	6,066,345	$	3,016,715

Number of loans	17,082		11,149

The following table presents the components of interest income on the Company’s Residential whole loans, at carrying value for the years ended December 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017:



	For the Year Ended December 31,
(In Thousands)	2019		2018		2017
Purchased Performing Loans:
Non-QM loans	$	116,282	$	31,036	$	84
Rehabilitation loans	54,419		15,975		431
Single-family rental loans	17,742		3,315		15
Seasoned performing loans	12,191		5,818		—
Total Purchased Performing Loans	200,634		56,144		530
Purchased Credit Impaired Loans	43,346		44,777		35,657
Total Residential whole loans, at carrying value	$	243,980	$	100,921	$	36,187

The following table presents additional information regarding the Company’s Residential whole loans, at carrying value at December 31, 2019:

December 31, 2019



	Carrying Value		Unpaid Principal Balance (“UPB”)		Weighted Average Coupon (1)		Weighted Average Term to Maturity (Months)	Weighted Average LTV Ratio (2)		Weighted Average Original FICO (3)	Aging by UPB
													Past Due Days
(Dollars In Thousands)											Current		30-59		60-89		90+
Purchased Performing Loans:
Non-QM loans (4)	$	3,707,245	$	3,592,701	5.96	%	368	67	%	716	$	3,492,533	$	59,963	$	19,605	$	20,600
Rehabilitation loans (4)	1,026,097		1,026,097		7.30		8	64		717	868,281		67,747		27,437		62,632
Single-family rental loans (4)	460,741		457,146		6.29		324	70		734	432,936		15,948		2,047		6,215
Seasoned performing loans	176,569		192,151		4.24		181	46		723	187,683		2,164		430		1,874
Purchased Credit Impaired Loans (5)	698,474		873,326		4.46		294	81		N/A	N/A		N/A		N/A		108,998
Residential whole loans, at carrying value, total or weighted average	$	6,069,126	$	6,141,421	5.96	%	288


(1)	Weighted average is calculated based on the interest bearing principal balance of each loan within the related category. For loans acquired with servicing rights released by the seller, interest rates included in the calculation do not reflect loan servicing fees. For loans acquired with servicing rights retained by the seller, interest rates included in the calculation are net of servicing fees.

(2)

LTV represents the ratio of the total unpaid principal balance of the loan to the estimated value of the collateral securing the related loan as of the most recent date available, which may be the origination date. For Rehabilitation loans, the LTV presented is the ratio of the maximum unpaid principal balance of the loan, including unfunded commitments, to the estimated “after repaired” value of the collateral securing the related loan, where available. For certain Rehabilitation loans, totaling $269.2 million, an after repaired valuation was not obtained and the loan was underwritten based on an “as is” valuation. The weighted average LTV of these loans based on the current unpaid principal balance and the valuation obtained during underwriting, is 69%. Excluded from the calculation of weighted average LTV are certain low value loans secured by vacant lots, for which the LTV ratio is not meaningful.


(3)	Excludes loans for which no Fair Issac Corporation (“FICO”) score is available.


(4)	Carrying value of Non-QM, Rehabilitation and Single-family rental loans excludes an allowance for loan losses of $388,000, $2.3 million and $62,000, respectively, at December 31, 2019.

(5)

Purchased Credit Impaired Loans tend to be characterized by varying performance of the underlying borrowers over time, including loans where multiple months of payments are received in a period to bring the loan to current status, followed by months where no payments are received. Accordingly, delinquency information is presented for loans that are more than 90 days past due that are considered to be seriously delinquent.

Purchased Performing Loans

As of December 31, 2019, there were 228 Purchased Performing Loans held at carrying value, that have been placed on non-accrual status because they are more than 90 or more days delinquent or otherwise had not met the necessary criteria to be returned to accrual status. Such loans have an unpaid balance of approximately $99.2 million. These non-accrual loans represent approximately 1.9% of the total outstanding principal balance of all of the Company’s Purchased Performing Loans and have a weighted average LTV of 68%. As of December 31, 2019, the Company had established an allowance for loan losses on its Purchased Performing Loans of approximately $2.8 million. During the year ended December 31, 2019, a net provision for loan losses of $3.3 million was recorded, which is included in Operating and Other expense on the Company’s consolidated statements of operations. Receivables totaling approximately $512,000 were charged off against the allowance.

In connection with purchased Rehabilitation loans, the Company had unfunded commitments of $130.3 million at December 31, 2019.

Purchased Credit Impaired Loans

As of December 31, 2019 and 2018, the Company had established an allowance for loan losses of approximately $244,000 and $968,000, respectively, on its Purchased Credit Impaired Loans held at carrying value. The following table presents the activity in the Company’s allowance for loan losses on its Purchased Credit Impaired Loans held at carrying value for the years ended December 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017:



	For the Year Ended December 31,
(In Thousands)	2019			2018		2017
Balance at the beginning of period	$	968		$	330	$	990
(Reversal of provisions)/provisions for loan losses	(724		)	638		(660		)
Balance at the end of period	$	244		$	968	$	330

The Company did not acquire any Purchased Credit Impaired Loans held at carrying value during the year ended December 31, 2019. The following table presents information regarding the estimates of the contractually required payments, the cash flows expected to be collected, and the estimated fair value of the Purchased Credit Impaired loans held at carrying value acquired by the Company for the year ended December 31, 2018:



	For the Year Ended December 31,
(In Thousands)	2018
Contractually required principal and interest	$	154,911
Contractual cash flows not expected to be collected (non-accretable yield)	(15,378		)
Expected cash flows to be collected	139,533
Interest component of expected cash flows (accretable yield)	(41,947		)
Fair value at the date of acquisition	$	97,586

The following table presents accretable yield activity for the Company’s Purchased Credit Impaired Loans held at carrying value for the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018:



	For the Year Ended December 31,
(In Thousands)	2019			2018
Balance at beginning of period	$	415,329		$	421,872
Additions	—			41,947
Accretion	(43,346		)	(44,777		)
Liquidations and other	(42,538		)	(35,156		)
Reclassifications from non-accretable difference, net	40,356			31,443
Balance at end of period	$	369,801		$	415,329

Accretable yield for Purchased Credit Impaired Loans is the excess of loan cash flows expected to be collected over the purchase price. The cash flows expected to be collected represent the Company’s estimate of the amount and timing of undiscounted principal and interest cash flows. Additions include accretable yield estimates for purchases made during the period and reclassification to accretable yield from non-accretable yield. Accretable yield is reduced by accretion during the period. The reclassifications between accretable and non-accretable yield and the accretion of interest income are based on changes in estimates regarding loan performance and the value of the underlying real estate securing the loans. In future periods, as the Company updates estimates of cash flows expected to be collected from the loans and the underlying collateral, the accretable yield may change. Therefore, the amount of accretable income recorded during the year ended December 31, 2019 is not necessarily indicative of future results.

Residential Whole Loans at Fair Value

Certain of the Company’s residential whole loans are presented at fair value on its consolidated balance sheets as a result of a fair value election made at the time of acquisition. Subsequent changes in fair value are reported in current period earnings and presented in Net gain on residential whole loans measured at fair value through earnings on the Company’s consolidated statements of operations.

The following table presents information regarding the Company’s residential whole loans held at fair value at December 31, 2019 and 2018:



(Dollars in Thousands)	December 31, 2019			December 31, 2018 (1)
Less than 60 Days Past Due:
Outstanding principal balance	$	666,026		$	610,290
Aggregate fair value	$	641,616		$	561,770
Weighted Average LTV Ratio (2)	76.69		%	76.18		%
Number of loans	3,159			2,898

60 Days to 89 Days Past Due:
Outstanding principal balance	$	58,160		$	63,938
Aggregate fair value	$	53,485		$	54,947
Weighted Average LTV Ratio (2)	79.48		%	82.86		%
Number of loans	313			285

90 Days or More Past Due:
Outstanding principal balance	$	767,320		$	970,758
Aggregate fair value	$	686,482		$	854,545
Weighted Average LTV Ratio (2)	89.69		%	90.24		%
Number of loans	2,983			3,531
Total Residential whole loans, at fair value	$	1,381,583		$	1,471,262


(1)	Excluded from the table above are approximately $194.7 million of residential whole loans held at fair value for which the closing of the purchase transaction had not occurred as of December 31, 2018.


(2)	LTV represents the ratio of the total unpaid principal balance of the loan, to the estimated value of the collateral securing the related loan. Excluded from the calculation of weighted average LTV are certain low value loans secured by vacant lots, for which the LTV ratio is not meaningful.

The following table presents the components of Net gain on residential whole loans measured at fair value through earnings for the years ended December 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017:



	For the Year Ended December 31,
(In Thousands)	2019		2018		2017
Coupon payments and other income received (1)	$	82,168	$	70,515	$	41,399
Net unrealized gains	47,849		36,725		33,617
Net gain on payoff/liquidation of loans	9,270		11,087		4,958
Net gain on transfers to REO	19,043		19,292		10,071
Total	$	158,330	$	137,619	$	90,045

(1)

Primarily includes recovery of delinquent interest upon the liquidation of non-performing loans, recurring coupon interest payments received on mortgage loans that are contractually current, and cash payments received from private mortgage insurance on liquidated loans.