10-Q

Table of Contents

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C.  20549

FORM 10-Q

(Mark one)

☒ QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the quarterly period ended June 30, 2017

☐ TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period from ___________ to ______________.

Commission file number: 000-24477

DIFFUSION PHARMACEUTICALS INC.

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

Delaware	30-0645032
(State of other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)	(I.R.S. Employer Identification Number)

1317 Carlton Avenue, Suite 400
Charlottesville, VA 22902
(Address of principal executive offices, including zip code)

(434) 220-0718

(Registrant’s telephone number including area code)

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant: (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes  ☒  No  ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files). Yes  ☒  No  ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Large accelerated filer ☐	Accelerated filer ☐
Non-accelerated filer ☐ (Do not check if a smaller reporting company)	Smaller reporting company ☒
	Emerging growth company ☐

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Act).Yes ☐   No ☒

The number of shares of common stock outstanding at August 11, 2017 was 14,022,120 shares.

DIFFUSION PHARMACEUTICALS INC.

FORM 10-Q

JUNE 30, 2017

INDEX

	Page
PART I – FINANCIAL INFORMATION	1
ITEM 1.     FINANCIAL STATEMENTS	1
ITEM 2.     MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS	20
ITEM 3.     QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK	31
ITEM 4.     CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES	31
PART II – OTHER INFORMATION	32
ITEM 1.     LEGAL PROCEEDINGS	32
ITEM 1A.  RISK FACTORS	32
ITEM 2.     UNREGISTERED SALES OF EQUITY SECURITIES AND USE OF PROCEEDS	32
ITEM 3.     DEFAULTS UPON SENIOR SECURITIES	32
ITEM 4.     MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURES	32
ITEM 5.     OTHER INFORMATION	32
ITEM 6.     EXHIBITS	32

Unless the context otherwise requires, in this report, references to the “Company,” “we,” “our” or “us” refer to Diffusion Pharmaceuticals Inc. and its subsidiaries, references to “common stock” refer to the common stock, par value $0.001 per share, of the Company and references to "Series A convertible preferred stock" refer to the Series A convertible preferred stock, par value $0.001 per share, of the Company. On August 17, 2016, the Company effected a 1-for-10 reverse split of its common stock. Unless noted otherwise, any share or per share amounts in this report, the accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements and related notes give retroactive effect to this reverse stock split.

This report contains the following trademarks, trade names and service marks of ours: Diffusion. All other trade names, trademarks and service marks appearing in this quarterly report on Form 10-Q are the property of their respective owners. We have assumed that the reader understands that all such terms are source-indicating. Accordingly, such terms appear without the trade name, trademark or service mark notice for convenience only and should not be construed as being used in a descriptive or generic sense.

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PART I – FINANCIAL INFORMATION

ITEM 1. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

Diffusion Pharmaceuticals Inc.

Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets

(unaudited)

	June 30, 2017			December 31, 2016
Assets
Current assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$	7,413,399		$	1,552,852
Certificate of deposit		10,000,000			—
Prepaid expenses, deposits and other current assets		287,893			50,844
Total current assets		17,701,292			1,603,696
Property and equipment, net		479,650			79,755
Intangible asset		8,639,000			8,639,000
Goodwill		6,929,258			6,929,258
Other assets		157,229			232,675
Total assets	$	33,906,429		$	17,484,384
Liabilities, Convertible Preferred Stock and Stockholders’ Equity
Current liabilities:
Current portion of convertible debt	$	2,430,000		$	1,880,000
Accounts payable		1,039,002			1,684,158
Accrued expenses and other current liabilities		1,232,696			874,264
Common stock warrant liability		24,757,670			—
Total current liabilities		29,459,368			4,438,422
Convertible debt, net of current portion		—			550,000
Deferred income taxes		3,279,363			3,279,363
Other liabilities		—			31,915
Total liabilities		32,738,731			8,299,700
Commitments and Contingencies
Convertible preferred stock, $0.001 par value:
Series A - 13,750,000 shares authorized, 12,376,329 and 10,449,338 shares issued and outstanding, respectively at June 30, 2017; No shares authorized, issued or outstanding at December 31, 2016 (liquidation value of $21,107,663 at June 30, 2017)		—			—
Total convertible preferred stock		—			—
Stockholders’ Equity:
Common stock, $0.001 par value:
1,000,000,000 shares authorized; 12,298,363 and 10,345,637 shares issued and outstanding at June 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016, respectively		12,299			10,346
Additional paid-in capital		69,596,807			69,363,575
Accumulated deficit		(68,441,408	)		(60,189,237	)
Total stockholders' equity		1,167,698			9,184,684
Total liabilities, convertible preferred stock and stockholders' equity	$	33,906,429		$	17,484,384

 See accompanying notes to unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.

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Diffusion Pharmaceuticals Inc.

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations

(unaudited)

	Three Months Ended June 30,						Six Months Ended June 30,
	2017			2016			2017			2016
Operating expenses:
Research and development	$	1,179,544		$	1,444,906		$	2,187,115		$	3,797,713
General and administrative		1,795,886			2,349,227			3,349,025			6,211,711
Depreciation		5,790			5,845			12,393			13,698
Loss from operations		2,981,220			3,799,978			5,548,533			10,023,122
Other expense (income):
Interest expense, net		18,889			6,216			74,608			6,237
Change in fair value of warrant liability (Note 10)		(23,387,850	)		—			(10,468,176	)		—
Warrant related expenses (Note 7)		—			—			10,225,846			—
Other financing expenses		—			—			2,870,226			—
Net income (loss)	$	20,387,741		$	(3,806,194	)	$	(8,251,037	)	$	(10,029,359	)
Per share information:
Net income (loss) per share of common stock, basic	$	0.88		$	(0.37	)	$	(0.83	)	$	(0.99	)
Net income (loss) per share of common stock, diluted	$	(1.00	)	$	(0.37	)	$	(1.56	)	$	(0.99	)
Weighted average shares outstanding, basic		10,828,063			10,263,703			10,582,521			10,130,042
Weighted average shares outstanding, diluted		13,872,632			10,263,703			12,339,386			10,130,042

See accompanying notes to unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.

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Diffusion Pharmaceuticals Inc.

Condensed Consolidated Statement of Changes in Convertible Preferred Stock and Stockholders' Equity

Six Months Ended June 30, 2017

(unaudited)

	Convertible Preferred Stock					Stockholders' Equity
	Series A					Common Stock				Additional Paid-in			Accumulated			Total Stockholders'
	Shares			Amount		Shares		Amount		Capital			Deficit			Equity
Balance at January 1, 2017		—		$	—		10,345,637	$	10,346	$	69,363,575		$	(60,189,237	)	$	9,184,684
Cumulative effect of change in accounting principle (a)		—			—		—		—		1,134			(1,134	)		—
Sale of Series A convertible preferred stock and common stock warrants		12,376,329			—		—		—		—			—			—
Series A cumulative preferred dividend		—			—		—		—		(546,305	)		—			(546,305	)
Reclassification of accrued dividends upon conversion of Series A		—			—		25,735		26		70,864			—			70,890
Conversion of Series A convertible preferred stock to common stock		(1,926,991	)		—		1,926,991		1,927		(1,927	)		—			—
Beneficial conversion feature for accrued interest of convertible debt		—			—		—		—		28,017			—			28,017
Stock-based compensation expense		—			—		—		—		681,449			—			681,449
Net loss		—			—		—		—		—			(8,251,037	)		(8,251,037	)
Balance at June 30, 2017		10,449,338		$	—		12,298,363	$	12,299	$	69,596,807		$	(68,441,408	)	$	1,167,698

(a) In 2017, the Company adopted provisions of ASU 2016-09, Improvements to Employee Share Based Payment Accounting, resulting in a cumulative effect adjustment to Accumulated Deficit and Additional Paid-in Capital for previously unrecognized stock-based compensation expense. See Note 3 for further discussion of the impacts of this standard.

See accompanying notes to unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.

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Diffusion Pharmaceuticals Inc.

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows

(unaudited)

	Six Months Ended June 30,
	2017			2016
Operating activities:
Net loss	$	(8,251,037	)	$	(10,029,359	)
Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash used in operating activities:
Depreciation		12,393			13,698
Loss on sale or disposal of assets		—			6,761
Stock-based compensation expense		681,449			731,633
Common stock issued for advisory services		—			1,409,363
Warrant related expense, change in fair value, and other financing expenses		2,627,896			—
Non-cash interest expense		85,309			4,754
Changes in operating assets and liabilities:
Prepaid expenses, deposits and other assets		(68,189	)		17,712
Accounts payable, accrued expenses and other liabilities		(1,249,735	)		356,124
Net cash used in operating activities		(6,161,914	)		(7,489,314	)
Cash flows (used in) provided by investing activities:
Purchases of property and equipment		(64,002	)		(2,331	)
Purchase of certificate of deposit		(10,000,000	)		—
Cash received in reverse merger transaction		—			8,500,602
Net cash (used in) provided by investing activities		(10,064,002	)		8,498,271
Cash flows provided by financing activities:
Proceeds from the sale of Series A convertible preferred stock and warrants, net		22,129,774			—
Payment of offering costs for Series B convertible preferred stock		(43,311	)		—
Net cash provided by financing activities		22,086,463			—
Net increase in cash and cash equivalents		5,860,547			1,008,957
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period		1,552,852			1,997,192
Cash and cash equivalents at end of period	$	7,413,399		$	3,006,149
Supplemental disclosure of non-cash investing and financing activities:
Purchases of property and equipment in accounts payable and accrued expenses	$	(348,286	)	$	—
Series B offering costs in accounts payable and accrued expenses	$	(50,103	)	$	—
Series A cumulative preferred dividends	$	(546,305	)	$	—
Conversion of accrued dividends related to convertible preferred stock	$	70,890		$	—
Conversion of convertible notes and related accrued interest into common stock	$	—		$	711,495
Consideration in connection with RestorGenex Corporation merger transaction	$	—		$	21,261,000

See accompanying notes to unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.

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DIFFUSION PHARMACEUTICALS INC.

NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

1. Organization and Description of Business

Diffusion Pharmaceuticals Inc. (“Diffusion” or the “Company”), a Delaware corporation, is a clinical stage biotechnology company focused on extending the life expectancy of cancer patients by improving the effectiveness of current standard-of-care treatments, including radiation therapy and chemotherapy. The Company is developing its lead product candidate, trans sodium crocetinate (“TSC”) for use in many cancer types in which tumor oxygen deprivation ("hypoxia") is known to diminish the effectiveness of current treatments. TSC is designed to target the cancer’s hypoxic micro-environment, re-oxygenating treatment-resistant tissue and making the cancer cells more susceptible to the therapeutic effects of standard-of-care radiation therapy and chemotherapy. At an End-Of-Phase 2 Meeting, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (“FDA”) provided Diffusion with extensive guidance on the design for a Phase 3 trial of TSC in newly diagnosed GBM patients.

On January 8, 2016, the Company completed a reverse merger (the “Merger”) with RestorGenex Corporation (“RestorGenex”) whereby the Company was considered the acquirer for accounting purposes. The operational activity of RestorGenex is included in the Company’s consolidated financial statements from the date of acquisition. Accordingly, all comparative period information presented in these unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements from January 1, 2016 through January 7, 2016 exclude any activity related to RestorGenex.

2. Liquidity

The Company has not generated any revenues from product sales and has funded operations primarily from the proceeds of private placements of its membership units (prior to the Merger), convertible notes and convertible preferred stock. Substantial additional financing will be required by the Company to continue to fund its research and development activities. No assurance can be given that any such financing will be available when needed or that the Company’s research and development efforts will be successful.

The Company regularly explores alternative means of financing its operations and seeks funding through various sources, including public and private securities offerings, collaborative arrangements with third parties and other strategic alliances and business transactions. In March 2017, the Company completed a $25.0 million private placement of its securities by offering units consisting of one share of the Company's Series A convertible preferred stock and a warrant to purchase one share of common stock for each share of Series A convertible preferred stock purchased in the offering. The Company sold 12,376,329 units and received approximately $22.1 million in aggregate net cash proceeds from the private placement, after deducting commissions and other expenses of approximately $2.9 million. In addition, the Company granted to its placement agent in the offering warrants to purchase an aggregate 1,179,558 shares of common stock as compensation for its services.

As disclosed in the Company's definitive proxy statement (the “Proxy Statement”) filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) on May 1, 2017, the Company intends to offer up to $20.0 million of shares of our Series B convertible preferred stock, $0.001 par value per share (“Series B Preferred Stock”), at an offering price of $2.10 per share with each share of Series B Preferred Stock being initially convertible into one share of the Company's common stock, subject to adjustment. For each share of Series B Preferred Stock purchased in the offering, the investor shall receive a 5-year warrant to purchase one share of common stock with an exercise price equal to $2.31. The offering was approved by the Company's stockholders on June 15, 2017. There is no assurance that the Company will successfully close an offering at such terms due to the current trading prices of the Company's common stock.

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DIFFUSION PHARMACEUTICALS INC.

NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

The Company currently does not have any commitments to obtain additional funds and may be unable to obtain sufficient funding in the future on acceptable terms, if at all. On May 26, 2017, the Company received a written notice from NASDAQ indicating the Company was not in compliance with Nasdaq Listing Rule 5550(b)(2) because the market value of the Company’s listed securities had been below $35.0 million for the previous 30 consecutive business days. NASDAQ also noted that as of such date the Company also did not meet the alternative requirements under Nasdaq Listing Rule 5550(b)(1), due to the Company's failure to maintain stockholders' equity of at least $2.5 million, or Nasdaq Listing Rule 5550(b)(3), due to the Company's failure to generate net income from continuing operations during its last fiscal year or during two of its last three fiscal years. The Company has 180 calendar days from the date of the notice, or until November 20, 2017, to regain compliance with the minimum market value of listed securities requirement or the minimum stockholders’ equity requirement. In the event the Company is unable to regain compliance, it could adversely affect the Company’s ability to obtain future funding. If the Company cannot obtain the necessary funding, it will need to delay, scale back or eliminate some or all of its research and development programs, enter into collaborations with third parties to commercialize potential products or technologies that it might otherwise seek to develop or commercialize independently, consider other various strategic alternatives, including a merger or sale of the Company, or cease operations. If the Company engages in collaborations, it may receive lower consideration upon commercialization of such products than if it had not entered into such arrangements or if it entered into such arrangements at later stages in the product development process.

The Company has prepared its financial statements assuming that it will continue as a going concern, which contemplates realization of assets and the satisfaction of liabilities in the normal course of business. The Company has incurred net losses since inception and it expects to generate losses from operations for the foreseeable future primarily due to research and development costs for its potential product candidates, which raises substantial doubt about the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern. Various internal and external factors will affect whether and when the Company’s product candidates become approved drugs and the extent of their market share. The regulatory approval and market acceptance of the Company’s proposed future products (if any), length of time and cost of developing and commercializing these product candidates and/or failure of them at any stage of the drug approval process will materially affect the Company’s financial condition and future operations. The Company believes its cash and cash equivalents and certificate of deposit at June 30, 2017 are sufficient to fund operations through March 2018. 

3. Basis of Presentation and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

The Summary of Significant Accounting Policies included in the Company's Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2016, filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on March 31, 2017 have not materially changed, except as set forth below.

Basis of Presentation

The accompanying unaudited interim condensed consolidated financial statements of the Company have been prepared in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (“GAAP”) for interim financial information as found in the Accounting Standard Codification (“ASC”) and Accounting Standards Updates (“ASUs”) of the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”), and with the instructions to Form 10-Q and Article 10 of Regulation S-X of the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”). In the opinion of management, the accompanying unaudited interim condensed consolidated financial statements of the Company include all normal and recurring adjustments (which consist primarily of accruals, estimates and assumptions that impact the financial statements) considered necessary to present fairly the Company’s financial position as of June 30, 2017, its results of operations for the three and six months ended June 30, 2017 and 2016 and cash flows for the six months ended June 30, 2017 and 2016. Operating results for the six months ended June 30, 2017 are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for the year ending December 31, 2017. The unaudited interim condensed consolidated financial statements presented herein do not contain the required disclosures under GAAP for annual financial statements. The accompanying unaudited interim condensed consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the annual audited financial statements and related notes as of and for the year ended December 31, 2016 filed with the SEC on Form 10-K on March 31, 2017.

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DIFFUSION PHARMACEUTICALS INC.

NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

Use of Estimates

The preparation of the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of assets and liabilities at the date the financial statements and reported amounts of expense during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates. Due to the uncertainty of factors surrounding the estimates or judgments used in the preparation of the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements, actual results may materially vary from these estimates. Estimates and assumptions are periodically reviewed and the effects of revisions are reflected in the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements in the period they are deemed necessary.

Cash and Cash Equivalents and Certificate of Deposit

The Company considers any highly liquid investments, such as money market funds, with an original maturity of three months or less to be cash and cash equivalents. The Company's certificate of deposit has a maturity greater than three months but within one year of the date of purchase. This certificate of deposit is classified as held-to-maturity, and the estimated fair value of the investment approximates its amortized cost.

Fair Value of Financial Instruments

The carrying amounts of the Company’s financial instruments, including cash equivalents, certificate of deposit, accounts payable, and accrued expenses approximate fair value due to the short-term nature of those instruments. As of each of June 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016, the fair value of the Company’s outstanding convertible notes was approximately $2.6 million. The fair value of the convertible notes is determined using a binomial lattice model that utilizes certain unobservable inputs that fall within Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy.

Offering Costs

Offering costs consist principally of legal costs incurred through the balance sheet date related to the Company’s private placement financings and are recognized in other assets on the consolidated balance sheet. At June 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016, there were $93,000 and $0.2 million in deferred offering costs, respectively. These costs are either expensed upon completion of the related financing or offset against the proceeds of the offering, depending upon the accounting treatment of the offering.

Intangible Assets and Goodwill

In connection with the Merger, the Company acquired indefinite-lived In-Process Research and Development Assets (“IPR&D”) RES-529 and RES-440, with estimated fair values of $8.6 million and $1.0 million, respectively, and recognized $6.9 million in goodwill. In the third quarter of 2016, the IPR&D asset associated with RES-440 was abandoned and written down to $0. RES-529 and goodwill are assessed for impairment on each of October 1 of the Company’s fiscal year or more frequently if impairment indicators exist. The Company has a single reporting unit and all goodwill relates to that reporting unit. There were no impairment indicators or impairments to RES-529 or goodwill during the three and six months ended June 30, 2017.

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DIFFUSION PHARMACEUTICALS INC.

NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

Net Income (Loss) Per Common Share

For the three months ended June 30, 2017, the Company used the two-class method to compute net income per common share because the Company has issued securities (Series A convertible preferred stock) that entitle the holder to participate in dividends and earnings of the Company. Under this method, net income is reduced by any dividends earned during the period. The remaining earnings (undistributed earnings) are allocated to common stock and the Series A convertible preferred stock to the extent that the Series A convertible preferred stock may share in earnings as if all of the earnings for the period had been distributed. The total earnings allocated to common stock is then divided by the number of outstanding shares to which the earnings are allocated to determine the earnings per share. The two-class method is not applicable during periods with a net loss, as the holders of the convertible preferred stock have no obligation to fund losses.

Diluted net income (loss) per common share is computed under the two-class method by using the weighted-average number of shares of common stock outstanding, plus, for periods with net income attributable to common stockholders, the potential dilutive effects of stock options, unvested restricted stock, warrants, and convertible debt. In addition, the Company analyzes the potential dilutive effect of the outstanding convertible preferred stock under the “if-converted” method when calculating diluted earnings per share, in which it is assumed that the outstanding convertible preferred stock converts into common stock at the beginning of the period or when issued, if later. The Company reports the more dilutive of the approaches (two class or “if-converted”) as its diluted net income per share during the period.

For the periods in which the Company reported a net loss, there was no dilutive effect under either the two-class or “if-converted” method. For the three months ended June 30, 2017, the Company presented diluted net income per common share using the two-class method, which was more dilutive than the “if-converted” method.

For purposes of calculating diluted loss per common share, the denominator includes both the weighted average common shares outstanding and the number of common stock equivalents if the inclusion of such common stock equivalents would be dilutive. Dilutive common stock equivalents potentially include stock options, unvested restricted stock awards and warrants using the treasury stock method. The diluted loss per common share calculation is also affected by the assumed exercise of the liability classified warrants using the treasury stock method, if dilutive, and adjusting the numerator for the change in fair value of the warrant liability. In addition, the Company considers the potential dilutive impact of its convertible debt instruments using the "if-converted" method.

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DIFFUSION PHARMACEUTICALS INC.

NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

The following table sets forth the computation of basic and diluted earnings per share:

	Three Months Ended June 30,						Six Months Ended June 30,
	2017			2016			2017			2016
Basic net income (loss) per common share calculation:
Net income (loss)	$	20,387,741		$	(3,806,194	)	$	(8,251,037	)	$	(10,029,359	)
Accretion of Series A cumulative preferred dividends		(487,460	)		—			(546,305	)		—
Undistributed earnings allocated to participating securities		(10,416,153	)		—			—			—
Net income (loss) attributable to common stockholders	$	9,484,128			(3,806,194	)		(8,797,342	)		(10,029,359	)
Weighted average shares outstanding, basic		10,828,063			10,263,703			10,582,521			10,130,042
Net income (loss) per share of common stock, basic	$	0.88		$	(0.37	)	$	(0.83	)	$	(0.99	)
Diluted net income (loss) per common share calculation:
Net income (loss) attributable to common stockholders	$	9,484,128			(3,806,194	)		(8,797,342	)		(10,029,359	)
Change in fair value of warrant liability		(23,387,850	)		—			(10,468,176	)		—
Diluted net loss	$	(13,903,722	)		(3,806,194	)		(19,265,518	)		(10,029,359	)
Weighted average shares outstanding, basic		10,828,063			10,263,703			10,582,521			10,130,042
Shares from dilutive warrants		3,044,569			—			1,756,865			—
Weighted average shares outstanding, diluted		13,872,632			10,263,703			12,339,386			10,130,042
Net income (loss) per share of common stock, diluted	$	(1.00	)	$	(0.37	)	$	(1.56	)	$	(0.99	)

The following potentially dilutive securities outstanding as of June 30, 2017 and 2016 have been excluded from the computation of diluted weighted average shares outstanding, as they would be anti-dilutive:

	June 30,
	2017		2016
Convertible debt		774,886		429,161
Convertible preferred stock		10,449,338		—
Common stock warrants		457,721		461,209
Stock options		2,525,989		1,797,812
Unvested restricted stock awards		6,132		12,273
		14,214,066		2,700,455

Amounts in the table reflect the common stock equivalents of the noted instruments.

 Recent Accounting Pronouncements

In July 2017, the FASB issued ASU 2017-11, Earnings Per Share (Topic 260); Distinguishing Liabilities from Equity (Topic 480); Derivatives and Hedging (Topic 815): (Part I) Accounting for Certain Financial Instruments with Down Round Features, (Part II) Replacement of the Indefinite Deferral for Mandatorily Redeemable Financial Instruments of Certain Nonpublic Entities and Certain Mandatorily Redeemable Noncontrolling Interests with a Scope Exception. The first part of this update addresses the complexity of accounting for certain financial instruments with down round features and the second part addresses the complexity of distinguishing liabilities from equity. The guidance is applicable to public business entities for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018 and interim periods within those years. The Company is currently evaluating the potential impact of the adoption of this standard on its consolidated results of operations, financial position and cash flows and related disclosures.

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DIFFUSION PHARMACEUTICALS INC.

NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

In May 2017, the FASB issued ASU No. 2017-09, Modification Accounting for Share-Based Payment Arrangements, which amends the scope of modification accounting for share-based payment arrangements. The ASU provides guidance on the types of changes to the terms or conditions of share-based payment awards to which an entity would be required to apply modification accounting under ASC 718. Specifically, an entity would not apply modification accounting if the fair value, vesting conditions, and classification of the awards are the same immediately before and after the modification. The guidance is applicable to public business entities for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2017 and interim periods within those years. Early adoption is permitted, including adoption in any interim period. The Company does not expect this new guidance to have a material impact on its condensed consolidated financial statements.

In March 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-09, Compensation – Improvements to Employee Share-Based Payment Accounting, which simplifies several aspects of the accounting for employee share-based payment transactions including the accounting for income taxes, forfeitures, and statutory tax withholding requirements, as well as classification in the statement of cash flows. The guidance is applicable to public business entities for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2016 and interim periods within those years. The Company adopted this standard in 2017 by electing to account for forfeitures in the period that they occur. Under ASU 2016-09, accounting changes adopted using the modified retrospective method must be calculated as of the beginning of the period adopted and reported as a cumulative-effect adjustment. As a result, the Company recognized cumulative-effect adjustment of approximately $1,000 on January 1, 2017.

In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-02, Leases (Topic 842). The FASB issued the update to require the recognition of lease assets and liabilities on the balance sheet of lessees. The standard will be effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018, including interim periods within such fiscal years. The ASU requires a modified retrospective transition method with the option to elect a package of practical expedients. Early adoption is permitted. The Company is currently evaluating the potential impact of the adoption of this standard on its consolidated results of operations, financial position and cash flows and related disclosures.

4. Acquisition

Reverse Merger with RestorGenex

On January 8, 2016, the Company completed a reverse merger transaction with RestorGenex. The Company entered into the Merger transaction in an effort to provide improved access to the capital markets in order to obtain the resources necessary to accelerate development of TSC in multiple clinical programs and continue to build an oncology-focused company.

The purchase price was calculated as follows:

Fair value of RestorGenex shares outstanding	$	19,546,000
Estimated fair value of RestorGenex stock options outstanding		1,321,000
Estimated fair value of RestorGenex warrants outstanding		384,000
CVRs – RES-440 product candidate		10,000
Total purchase price	$	21,261,000

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NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

The Merger transaction has been accounted for using the acquisition method of accounting, which requires that assets acquired and liabilities assumed be recognized at their fair values as of the acquisition date. The valuation technique utilized to value the IPR&D was the cost approach.

The following table summarizes the allocation of the purchase price to the assets acquired and liabilities assumed as of the acquisition date:

Cash and cash equivalents	$	8,500,602
Prepaid expenses and other assets		195,200
Property and equipment		57,531
Intangible assets		9,600,000
Goodwill		6,929,258
Accrued liabilities		(377,432	)
Deferred tax liability		(3,644,159	)
Net assets acquired	$	21,261,000

Qualitative factors supporting the recognition of goodwill due to the Merger transaction include the Company’s anticipated enhanced ability to secure additional capital and gain access to capital market opportunities as a public company and the potential value created by having a more well-rounded clinical development portfolio by adding the earlier stage products acquired in the reverse merger transaction to the Company’s later state product portfolio. The goodwill is not deductible for income tax purposes.

Pro Forma Financial Information (Unaudited)

The following pro forma financial information reflects the condensed consolidated results of operations of the Company as if the acquisition of RestorGenex had taken place on January 1, 2016. The pro forma financial information is not necessarily indicative of the results of operations as they would have been had the transactions been effected on the assumed date.

	Six Months Ended June 30, 2016
Net revenues	$	—
Net loss		(8,464,138	)
Basic and diluted loss per share	$	(0.84	)

Non-recurring pro forma transaction costs directly attributable to the Merger were $1.6 million for the six months ended June 30, 2016 and have been deducted from the net loss presented above. The costs deducted from the six months ended June 30, 2016 period includes a success fee of $1.1 million and approximately 46,000 shares of common stock with a fair market value of $0.5 million paid to a financial adviser upon the closing of the Merger on January 8, 2016. Additionally, RestorGenex incurred approximately $3.0 million in severance costs as a result of resignations of executive officers immediately prior to the Merger and approximately $2.7 million in share based compensation expense as a result of the acceleration of vesting of stock options at the time of the Merger. These costs are excluded from the pro forma financial information for the six months ended June 30, 2016. No such costs were recorded in the three and six months ended June 30, 2017 or in the three months ended June 30, 2016.

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NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

5. Other Accrued Expenses and Liabilities

Other accrued expenses and liabilities consisted of the following:

	June 30, 2017		December 31, 2016
Accrued interest payable	$	119,975	$	29,359
Accrued Series A dividends		475,414		—
Accrued payroll and payroll related expenses		251,465		399,740
Accrued professional fees		340,481		72,855
Accrued clinical studies expenses		27,071		220,978
Other accrued expenses		18,290		151,332
Total	$	1,232,696	$	874,264

6. Convertible Debt

The following table provides the details of the convertible debt outstanding at June 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016:

Note	Issue Date	Maturity Date	Conversion Price		Interest Rate			Total Principal
2016 Convertible Notes	9/27/2016	9/27/2017	$	3.50		6.00	%	$	1,880,000
Series B Note	3/15/2011	6/30/2018	$	2.74		1.00	%		550,000
Total principal amount								$	2,430,000

The accrued interest related to the Company’s Series B Convertible Note and 2016 Convertible Notes are included within accrued expenses and other current liabilities within the unaudited condensed consolidated balance sheets. As of June 30, 2017, the Company had accrued interest of approximately $120,000.

7. Convertible Preferred Stock and Common Stock Warrants

In contemplation of completing the private placement described below, the Company amended and restated its articles of incorporation and authorized 13,750,000 shares of Series A convertible preferred stock. The Company has classified its Series A convertible preferred stock outside of stockholders’ equity because the shares contain deemed liquidation rights that are contingent redemption features not solely within the control of the Company.

Series A Convertible Preferred Stock Transaction

In March 2017, the Company completed a $25.0 million private placement of its securities in which the Company offered and sold units consisting of one share of the Company’s Series A convertible preferred stock and a warrant to purchase one share of common stock for each share of Series A convertible preferred stock purchased in the offering. Each share of Series A convertible preferred stock entitles the holder to an 8.0% cumulative dividend payable in shares of our common stock on a semi-annual basis. The holders may, at their option, convert each share of Series A convertible preferred stock into one share of the Company’s common stock based on the initial conversion price of $2.02 per share, subject to adjustment. Each warrant entitles the holder to purchase one share of common stock at an initial exercise price of $2.22, subject to adjustment and expires on the fifth anniversary of their original issuance date.

The Company sold 12,376,329 units in the private placement and received approximately $22.1 million in aggregate net cash proceeds, after deducting commissions and other expenses of approximately $2.9 million. In addition, as compensation for its services, the Company granted to its placement agent in the offering warrants to purchase an aggregate of 1,179,558 shares of common stock at an initial exercise price of $2.22 per share, which expire on the fifth anniversary of their original issuance date.

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NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

During its evaluation of equity classification for the common stock warrants, the Company considered the conditions as prescribed within ASC 815-40, Derivatives and Hedging, Contracts in an Entity’s own Equity (“ASC 815-40”). The conditions within ASC 815-40 are not subject to a probability assessment. As the Company is obligated to issue a variable number of shares to settle the cumulative dividends on the Series A convertible preferred stock, the Company cannot assert there will be sufficient authorized shares available to settle the warrants issued in connection with the Series A offering. Accordingly, these warrants are classified as liabilities. The Company will continue to classify such warrants as liabilities until they are exercised, expire, or are no longer required to be classified as liabilities.

As the fair value of the warrants upon issuance was in excess of the proceeds of the Series A offering, there are no proceeds allocated to the Series A convertible preferred stock. The excess fair value of the warrants over the gross proceeds of the Series A offering and the fair value of the warrants granted to its placement agent was $10.2 million in the aggregate and was recorded as warrant related expenses in the statement of operations for the six months ended June 30, 2017.

Dividends

The Company shall pay a cumulative preferential dividend on each share of the Series A convertible preferred stock outstanding at a rate of 8.0% per annum, payable only in shares of common stock, semi-annually in arrears on April 1 and October 1 of each year commencing on October 1, 2017. This cumulative preferential dividend is not subject to declaration. The Company accrued approximately $0.5 million in dividends for both the three and six months ended June 30, 2017, respectively.

Voting

Subject to certain preferred stock class votes specified in the Certificate of Designation of Preferences, Rights and Limitations of the Series A Convertible Preferred Stock (the “Certificate of Designation”) or as required by law, the holders of the Series A convertible preferred stock votes together with the holders of common stock as a single class on an adjusted as-converted basis. In accordance with NASDAQ listing rules, in any matter voted on by the holders of our common stock, each share of Series A convertible preferred stock entitles the holder thereof to a number of votes based upon the closing price of our common stock on the NASDAQ Capital Market on the date of issuance of such shares of Series A convertible preferred stock. Accordingly, shares of Series A convertible preferred stock issued in the initial closing of the private placement on March 14, 2017 are entitled to 0.84874 votes per share and shares of Series A Preferred Stock issued in the final closing of the private placement on March 31, 2017 are entitled to 0.50627 votes per share, in each case, subject to adjustment as described in the Certificate of Designation.

Liquidation Preference

The Series A convertible preferred stock is senior to the common stock. In the event of a liquidation, dissolution or winding up of the Company, either voluntary or involuntary, or in the event of a deemed liquidation event, which includes a sale of the Company as defined in the Certificate of Designation, the holders of the Series A convertible preferred stock shall be entitled to receive their original investment amount. If upon the occurrence of such event, the assets and funds available for distribution are insufficient to pay such holders the full amount to which they are entitled, then the entire remaining assets and funds legally available for distribution shall be distributed ratably among the holders of the Series A convertible preferred stock in proportion to the full amounts to which they would otherwise be entitled.

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NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

Conversion

The Series A convertible preferred stock is convertible, at the holder’s option, into common stock. At the Company’s option, the Series A convertible preferred stock can be converted into common stock upon (a) the thirty-day moving average of the closing price of the Company’s common stock exceeding $8.00 per share, (b) a financing of at least $10.0 million or (c) upon the majority vote of the voting power of the then outstanding shares of Series A convertible preferred stock. The conversion price of the Series A convertible preferred stock is subject to adjustment as described in the Certificate of Designation.

Upon any conversion, any unpaid dividends shall be payable to the holders of Series A convertible preferred stock. During the three months ended June 30, 2017, 1,926,991 shares of Series A convertible preferred stock were converted into common stock and approximately $71,000 in accrued dividends were converted into 25,735 shares of common stock.

Make-Whole Provision

Until March 2020 and subject to certain exceptions, if the Company issues at least $10.0 million of its common stock or securities convertible into or exercisable for common stock at a per share price less than $2.02 (such lower price, the “Make-Whole Price”) while any shares of Series A convertible preferred stock remain outstanding, the Company will be required to issue to these holders of Series A convertible preferred stock a number of shares of common stock equal to the additional number of shares of common stock that such shares of Series A convertible preferred stock would be convertible into if the conversion price of such shares was equal to 105% of the Make-Whole Price (the “Make-Whole Adjustment”). The Make-Whole Adjustment was evaluated and was not required to be bifurcated from the Series A convertible preferred stock.

Common Stock Warrants

As of June 30, 2017, the Company had the following warrants outstanding to acquire shares of its common stock:

	Outstanding		Range of exercise price per share
Common stock warrants issued prior to Merger		457,721		$20.00	-	$750.00
Common stock warrants issued in Series A		13,555,887			$2.22
		14,013,608

During the six months ended June 30, 2017, 3,000 warrants, issued prior to the Merger, expired. These common stock warrants will expire periodically through 2019. The common stock warrants issued in connection with the March 2017 Series A private placement expire in March 2022. During the three and six months ended June 30, 2017, the Company recognized a gain of $23.4 million and an expense of $2.6 million in warrant related charges associated with the Series A private placement, which consisted primarily of the change in fair value of the common stock warrants from issuance and the excess fair value of the common stock warrants over the gross cash proceeds of the Series A offering.  

8. Stock-Based Compensation

2015 Equity Plan

The Diffusion Pharmaceuticals Inc. 2015 Equity Plan, as amended (the "2015 Equity Plan"), provides for increases to the number of shares reserved for issuance thereunder each January 1, equal to 4.0% of the total shares of the Company’s common stock outstanding as of the immediately preceding December 31, unless a lesser amount is stipulated by the Compensation Committee of the Company's Board of Directors. Accordingly, 413,825 shares were added to the reserve as of January 1, 2017, which shares may be issued in connection with the grant of stock-based awards, including stock options, restricted stock, restricted stock units, stock appreciation rights and other types of awards as deemed appropriate, in each case, in accordance with the terms of the 2015 Equity Plan. As of June 30, 2017, there were 134,291 shares of common stock available for future issuance under the 2015 Equity Plan.

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NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

The Company recorded stock-based compensation expense in the following expense categories of its unaudited interim condensed consolidated statements of operations for the periods indicated:

	Three Months Ended June 30,				Six Months Ended June 30,
	2017		2016		2017		2016
Research and development	$	24,072	$	184,051	$	67,404	$	426,328
General and administrative		290,994		154,111		614,045		305,305
Total stock-based compensation expense	$	315,066	$	338,162	$	681,449	$	731,633

The following table summarizes the activity related to all stock option grants to employees and non-employees for the six months ended June 30, 2017:

	Number of Options			Weighted average exercise price per share		Weighted average remaining contractual life (in years)
Balance at January 1, 2017		2,207,409		$	8.09
Granted		320,041			2.54
Expired		(1,461	)		15.00
Outstanding at June 30, 2017		2,525,989		$	7.38		7.60
Exercisable at June 30, 2017		1,636,919		$	8.80		6.74

Non-employee Stock Options

Non-employee options are remeasured to fair value each period using a Black-Scholes option-pricing model until the options vest. During the six months ended June 30, 2017, the Company granted 9,394 stock options to non-employees. The total fair value of non-employee stock options vested during the three months ended June 30, 2017 and 2016 was approximately $12,000 and $0.2 million, respectively. The total fair value of non-employee stock options vesting during the six months ended June 30, 2017 and 2016 was approximately $76,000 and $0.5 million, respectively. At June 30, 2017, there were 23,063 unvested options subject to remeasurement and approximately $48,000 of unrecognized compensation expense that will be recognized over a weighted-average period of 1.76 years.

Employee Stock Options

During the six months ended June 30, 2017, the Company granted 310,647 stock options to employees. The weighted average grant date fair value of stock option awards granted to employees was $2.17 during the six months ended June 30, 2017. During the three months ended June 30, 2017 and 2016 the Company recognized stock-based compensation expense of $0.3 million and $0.1 million, respectively. During the six months ended June 30, 2017 and 2016, the Company recognized stock-based compensation expense $0.6 million and $0.2 million, respectively. No options were exercised during any of the periods presented. At June 30, 2017, there was $3.1 million of unrecognized compensation expense that will be recognized over a weighted-average period of 5.3 years.

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NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

Options granted were valued using the Black-Scholes model and the weighted average assumptions used to value the options granted during the first six months of 2017 were as follows:

Expected term (in years)	5.68
Risk-free interest rate	2.0	%
Expected volatility	114.9	%
Dividend yield	—	%

Restricted Stock Awards

As of June 30, 2017, there were 6,132 unvested shares of restricted stock. During the three months ended June 30, 2017 and 2016, there were 1,533 and 1,533 shares that vested, respectively and the Company recognized stock-based compensation expense of approximately $3,000 and $3,000, respectively. During the six months ended June 30, 2017 and 2016, there were 3,066 and 3,072 shares that vested, respectively and the Company recognized stock-based compensation expense of approximately $6,000 and $6,000, respectively. At June 30, 2017, there was approximately $12,000 of unrecognized compensation expense that will be recognized over a weighted-average period of 1.0 year.

9. Commitments and Contingencies

Office Space Rental

The Company leases office and laboratory facilities in Charlottesville, Virginia. On March 31, 2017, the Company entered into a lease for its office and laboratory facilities at a new location in Charlottesville, Virginia. During the three months ended June 30, 2017, the Company capitalized approximately $0.4 million in leasehold improvements as part of the build out of the new office and laboratory location. Rent expense related to the Company's operating leases for the three months ended June 30, 2017 and 2016 was $35,500 and $17,000, respectively. Rent expense for the six months ended June 30, 2017 and 2016 was $52,000 and $33,000, respectively. For the new operating lease, lease payments commenced on May 1, 2017 and expire on April 30, 2022. The Company will continue to recognize rent expense on a straight-line basis over the lease period and will accrue for rent expense incurred but not yet paid. Future minimum rental payments under the Company's new non-cancelable operating lease at June 30, 2017 was as follows:

	Rental Commitments
2017	$	55,492
2018		112,354
2019		114,409
2020		116,464
2021		118,519
Thereafter		58,232
Total	$	575,470

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NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

Legal Proceedings

On August 7, 2014, a complaint was filed in the Superior Court of Los Angeles County, California by Paul Feller, the Company’s former Chief Executive Officer under the caption Paul Feller v. RestorGenex Corporation, Pro Sports & Entertainment, Inc., ProElite, Inc. and Stratus Media Group, GmbH (Case No. BC553996). The complaint asserts various causes of action, including, among other things, promissory fraud, negligent misrepresentation, breach of contract, breach of employment agreement, breach of the covenant of good faith and fair dealing, violations of the California Labor Code and common counts. The plaintiff is seeking, among other things, compensatory damages in an undetermined amount, punitive damages, accrued interest and an award of attorneys’ fees and costs. On December 30, 2014, the Company filed a petition to compel arbitration and a motion to stay the action. On April 1, 2015, the plaintiff filed a petition in opposition to the Company’s petition to compel arbitration and a motion to stay the action. After a hearing for the petition and motion on April 14, 2015, the Court granted the Company’s petition to compel arbitration and a motion to stay the action. On January 8, 2016, the plaintiff filed an arbitration demand with the American Arbitration Association. No arbitration hearing has yet been scheduled. The Company believes this matter is without merit and intends to defend the arbitration vigorously. Because this matter is in an early stage, the Company is unable to predict its outcome and the possible loss or range of loss, if any, associated with its resolution or any potential effect the matter may have on the Company’s financial position. Depending on the outcome or resolution of this matter, it could have a material effect on the Company’s financial position.

10. Fair Value Measurements

Certain assets and liabilities are carried at fair value under GAAP. Fair value is defined as the exchange price that would be received for an asset or paid to transfer a liability (an exit price) in the principal or most advantageous market for the asset or liability in an orderly transaction between market participants on the measurement date. Valuation techniques used to measure fair value must maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs. Financial assets and liabilities carried at fair value are to be classified and disclosed in one of the following three levels of the fair value hierarchy, of which the first two are considered observable and the last is considered unobservable:

•      Level 1—Quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities.

•      Level 2—Observable inputs (other than Level 1 quoted prices), such as quoted prices in active markets for similar assets or liabilities, quoted prices in markets that are not active for identical or similar assets or liabilities, or other inputs that are observable or can be corroborated by observable market data.

•      Level 3—Unobservable inputs that are supported by little or no market activity and that are significant to determining the fair value of the assets or liabilities, including pricing models, discounted cash flow methodologies and similar techniques.

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NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

      The asset’s or liability’s fair value measurement level within the fair value hierarchy is based on the lowest level of any input that is significant to the fair value measurement.

The following table presents the Company’s assets and liabilities that are measured at fair value on a recurring basis:

	June 30, 2017
	(Level 1)		(Level 2)		(Level 3)
Assets
Cash and cash equivalents	$	7,413,399	$	—	$	—
Certificate of deposit	$	10,000,000
Liabilities
Common stock warrant liability	$	—	$	—	$	24,757,670

	December 31, 2016
	(Level 1)		(Level 2)		(Level 3)
Assets
Cash and cash equivalents	$	1,552,852	$	—	$	—

The reconciliation of the common stock warrant liability measured at fair value on a recurring basis using significant unobservable inputs (Level 3) is as follows:

	Common Stock Warrant Liability
Balance at December 31, 2016	$	—
Issued in connection with the Series A convertible preferred stock		35,225,846
Change in fair value		(10,468,176	)
Balance at June 30, 2017	$	24,757,670

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NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

The common stock warrants issued in connection with the Series A convertible preferred stock are classified as liabilities on the accompanying balance sheet at June 30, 2017. The liability is marked-to-market each reporting period with the change in fair value recorded as either income or expense in the accompanying statements of operations until the warrants are exercised, expire or other facts and circumstances lead the liability to be reclassified to stockholders’ equity. The fair value of the warrant liability is estimated using the Black-Scholes model and assumptions used to value the warrant liability as of June 30, 2017 were as follows:

Stock price	$	2.33
Exercise price	$	2.22
Expected term (in years)		4.75
Risk-free interest rate		1.9	%
Expected volatility		110.0	%
Dividend yield		—

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NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

11. Subsequent Event

On July 5, 2017, the Company entered into a Master Services Agreement ("MSA") with a contract research organization ("CRO") to provide clinical trial services for individual studies and projects by executing individual work orders. The MSA and associated work orders are designed such that quarterly payments are to be made in advance of the work to be performed.

ITEM 2. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

You should read the following discussion of our financial condition and results of operations together with the unaudited interim condensed consolidated financial statements and the notes thereto included elsewhere in this report and other financial information included in this report. The following discussion may contain predictions, estimates and other forward looking statements that involve a number of risks and uncertainties, including those discussed under “Part I — Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations—Special Note Regarding Forward Looking Statements” in this report and under “Part I — Item 1A. Risk Factors” in our annual report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2016. These risks could cause our actual results to differ materially from any future performance suggested below.

Business Overview

We are a clinical stage biotechnology company focused on extending the life expectancy of cancer patients by improving the effectiveness of current standard-of-care treatments, including radiation therapy and chemotherapy. We are developing our lead product candidate, transcrocetinate sodium, also known as trans sodium crocetinate, or TSC, for use in the many cancer types in which tumor oxygen deprivation (“hypoxia”) is known to diminish the effectiveness of current treatments. TSC is designed to target the cancer’s hypoxic micro-environment, re-oxygenating treatment-resistant tissue and making the cancer cells more susceptible to the therapeutic effects of standard-of-care radiation therapy and chemotherapy.

Our lead development programs target TSC against cancers known to be inherently treatment-resistant, including brain cancers and pancreatic cancer. A Phase 2 clinical program, completed in the second quarter of 2015, evaluated 59 patients with newly diagnosed glioblastoma multiforme (“GBM”). This open label, historically controlled study demonstrated a favorable safety and efficacy profile for TSC combined with standard of care, including a 37% improvement in overall survival over the control group at two years. A particularly strong efficacy signal was seen in the inoperable patients, where survival of TSC-treated patients at two years was increased by almost four-fold over the controls. At an End-Of-Phase 2 Meeting, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration, or FDA, provided Diffusion with extensive guidance on the design for a Phase 3 trial of TSC in newly diagnosed, GBM patients. We believe focusing on the inoperable patient group in Phase 3 should reduce the needed number of patients from over 400 to around 230, which is expected to provide cost savings, while the strength of the Phase 2 efficacy signal in the inoperable patient subset should make the showing of significant clinical gain in Phase 3 more likely. Due to its novel mechanism of action, TSC has safely re-oxygenated a range of tumor types in our preclinical and clinical studies. Diffusion believes its therapeutic potential is not limited to specific tumors, thereby making it potentially useful to improve standard-of-care treatments of other life-threatening cancers. Additional planned studies include a Phase 2 trial in pancreatic cancer and a study in brain metastases, with a study initiation subject to receipt of additional funding or collaborative partnering. We also believe that TSC has potential application in other indications involving hypoxia, such as neurodegenerative diseases and emergency medicine. For example, our stroke program is now in advanced discussions with doctors from UCLA and the University of Virginia, with whom we have established a joint team dedicated to developing a program to test TSC in the treatment of stroke, with an in-ambulance trial of TSC in stroke under consideration. Planning for such a trial is on-going.

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In addition to the TSC programs, we are exploring alternatives regarding how best to capitalize upon our product candidate, RES-529, which may include possible out-licensing and other options. RES-529 is a novel PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway inhibitor which has completed two Phase 1 clinical trials for age-related macular degeneration and was in preclinical development in oncology, specifically GBM. RES-529 has shown activity in both in vitro and in vivo glioblastoma animal models and has been demonstrated to be orally bioavailable and can cross the blood brain barrier.

Summary of Current Product Candidate Pipeline

The following table, as of June 30, 2017, summarizes the targeted clinical indications for Diffusion’s lead molecule, TSC:

 

Financial Summary

In March 2017, we completed a $25.0 million private placement of our securities by offering units consisting of one share of our Series A convertible preferred stock and a warrant to purchase one share of our common stock for each share of Series A convertible preferred stock purchased in the offering. We sold 12,376,329 units and received approximately $22.1 million in aggregate net cash proceeds from the private placement, after deducting commissions and other expenses of approximately $2.9 million. In addition, we granted our placement agent in the offering warrants to purchase an aggregate of 1,179,558 shares of our common stock as compensation for its services.

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At June 30, 2017, we had cash and cash equivalents of $7.4 million and a certificate of deposit of $10.0 million. We have incurred operating losses since inception, have not generated any product sales revenue and have not achieved profitable operations. We had net income of $20.4 million and incurred a net loss of $8.3 million for the three and six months ended June 30, 2017, respectively. Our net income for the three months ended June 30, 2017 was primarily related to the remeasurement of our common stock warrant liability at June 30, 2017 which resulted in a $23.4 million gain (see Notes 7 and 10 to the accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements). Our accumulated deficit as of June 30, 2017 was $68.4 million, and we expect to continue to incur substantial losses in future periods. We anticipate that our operating expenses will increase substantially as we continue to advance our lead, clinical-stage product candidate, TSC. We anticipate that our expenses will substantially increase as we:

• complete regulatory and manufacturing activities and commence our planned Phase II and III clinical trials for TSC;

• continue the research, development and scale-up manufacturing capabilities to optimize products and dose forms for which we may obtain regulatory approval;

• conduct other preclinical and clinical studies to support the filing of a New Drug Application (“NDA”) with the FDA;

• maintain, expand and protect our global intellectual property portfolio;

• hire additional clinical, manufacturing, and scientific personnel; and

• add operational, financial and management information systems and personnel, including personnel to support our drug development and potential future commercialization efforts.

We intend to use our existing cash and cash equivalents for working capital and to fund the research and development of TSC for use in the treatment of GBM, pancreatic cancer, stroke and brain metastases. We believe that our cash and cash equivalents and our certificate of deposit as of June 30, 2017 will enable us to fund our operating expenses and capital expenditure requirements through March 2018. However, we will need to secure additional funding in the future, from one or more equity or debt financings, collaborations, or other sources, in order to carry out all of our planned research and development activities with respect to TSC and our other product candidates.

As disclosed in our definitive proxy statement (the “Proxy Statement”) filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) on May 1, 2017, we intend to offer up to $20.0 million of shares of our Series B convertible preferred stock, $0.001 par value per share (“Series B Preferred Stock”), at an offering price of $2.10 per share with each share of Series B Preferred Stock being initially convertible into one share of our common stock, subject to adjustment. For each share of Series B Preferred Stock purchased in the offering, the investor shall receive a 5-year warrant to purchase one share of common stock with an exercise price equal to $2.31. The offering was approved by our stockholders on June 15, 2017. There is no assurance that we will successfully close an offering at such terms due to the current trading prices of our common stock or for any other reason.

THE FOREGOING STATEMENT IS NOT AN OFFER TO SELL OR THE SOLICITATION OF AN OFFER TO BUY SHARES OF OUR PREFERRED STOCK, SHARES OF OUR COMMON STOCK OR ANY OTHER SECURITIES.

Financial Operations Overview

Revenues

We have not yet generated any revenue from product sales. We do not expect to generate revenue from product sales for the foreseeable future.

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Research and Development Expense

Research and development costs are charged to expense as incurred. These costs include, but are not limited to, expenses related to third-party contract research arrangements, employee-related expenses, including salaries, benefits, stock-based compensation and travel expense reimbursement, as well as impairment of our in-process research and development, or IPR&D, assets. Research and development activities are central to our business model. Product candidates in later stages of clinical development generally have higher development costs than those in earlier stages of clinical development, primarily due to the increased size and duration of later-stage clinical trials. As we advance our product candidates, we expect the amount of research and development costs will continue to increase for the foreseeable future.

General and Administrative Expense

General and administrative expenses consist principally of salaries and related costs for executive and other personnel, including stock-based compensation, expenses associated with investment bank and other financial advisory services, and travel expenses. Other general and administrative expenses include costs associated with the Merger, professional fees that were incurred in connection with preparing to operate and operating as a public company, facility-related costs, communication expenses and professional fees for legal, patent prosecution and maintenance, and consulting and accounting services.

Interest Expense, Net

Interest expense, net consists principally of the interest expense recorded in connection with our convertible debt instruments offset by the interest earned from our cash and cash equivalents.

Change in Fair Value of Warrant Liabilities, Warrant Related Expenses, and Other Financing Expenses

In connection with our private placement in March 2017, we recorded warrant expense associated with the change in fair value of the common stock warrants from issuance, the excess fair value of the common stock warrants over the gross cash proceeds from the Series A convertible preferred stock offering, and placement agent commissions and other offering costs.

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Results of Operations for Three Months Ended June 30, 2017 Compared to Three Months Ended June 30, 2016

The following table sets forth our results of operations for the three months ended June 30, 2017 and 2016.

	Three Months Ended June 30, 2017
	2017			2016			Change
Operating expenses:
Research and development	$	1,179,544		$	1,444,906		$	(265,362	)
General and administrative		1,795,886			2,349,227			(553,341	)
Depreciation		5,790			5,845			(55	)
Loss from operations		2,981,220			3,799,978			(818,758	)
Other expense (income):
Interest expense, net		18,889			6,216			12,673
Change in fair value of warrant liabilities		(23,387,850	)		—			(23,387,850	)
Net income (loss)	$	20,387,741		$	(3,806,194	)	$	24,193,935

We recognized $1.2 million in research and development expenses during the three months ended June 30, 2017 compared to $1.4 million during the three months ended June 30, 2016. The decrease in research and development expense was attributable to a $0.7 million decrease in expense associated with animal toxicology studies and a $0.1 million decrease in stock-based compensation expense, partially offset by a $0.5 million increase in API and drug manufacturing costs and a $0.1 million increase in salary related expenses. We expect that our research and development expenses will increase significantly in future periods compared to prior year periods due to our anticipated efforts to advance our technologies and product candidates.

General and administrative expenses were $1.8 million during the three months ended June 30, 2017 compared to $2.3 million during the three months ended June 30, 2016. The decrease in general and administrative expense was primarily due to a $0.8 million decrease in professional fees, partially offset by an increase in salary and stock-based compensation expense of $0.2 million.

The increase in interest expense for the three months ended June 30, 2017 compared to the three months ended June 30, 2016 is primarily attributable to the issuance of our convertible promissory note with a notional value of $1.9 million in September 2016.

In connection with the private placement of our Series A convertible preferred stock and common stock warrants, we determined the warrants to be classified as liabilities and subject to remeasurement at each reporting period. As a result of the liability classification, during the three months ended June 30, 2017, we recorded a $23.4 million gain for the change in fair value of our common stock warrant liabilities which was primarily attributable to the decrease in the market price for our common stock.

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Results of Operations for Six Months Ended June 30, 2017 Compared to Six Months Ended June 30, 2016

The following table sets forth our results of operations for the Six Months Ended June 30, 2017 and 2016.

	Six Months Ended June 30,
	2017			2016			Change
Operating expenses:
Research and development	$	2,187,115		$	3,797,713		$	(1,610,598	)
General and administrative		3,349,025			6,211,711			(2,862,686	)
Depreciation		12,393			13,698			(1,305	)
Loss from operations		5,548,533			10,023,122			(4,474,589	)
Other expense (income):
Interest expense, net		74,608			6,237			68,371
Change in fair value of warrant liabilities		(10,468,176	)		—			(10,468,176	)
Warrant related expenses		10,225,846			—			10,225,846
Other financing expenses		2,870,226			—			2,870,226
Net loss	$	(8,251,037	)	$	(10,029,359	)	$	1,778,322

We recognized $2.2 million in research and development expenses during the six months ended June 30, 2017 compared to $3.8 million during the six months ended June 30, 2016. The decrease in research and development expense was attributable to a $0.9 million decrease in expense related to our pancreatic cancer program, a $0.9 million decrease in animal toxicology expenses and a $0.4 million decrease in stock-based compensation expense. This decrease was partially offset by a $0.5 million increase in API manufacturing costs and a $0.1 million increase in salary related expenses. We expect that our research and development expenses will increase significantly in future periods compared to prior year periods due to our anticipated efforts to advance our technologies and product candidates.

General and administrative expenses were $3.3 million during the six months ended June 30, 2017 compared to $6.2 million during the six months ended June 30, 2016. The decrease in general and administrative expense was primarily due to a $2.7 million decrease in costs attributable to the reverse merger transaction in January 2016, a decrease in insurance related expenses of $0.4 million and a $0.1 million decrease in other expenses. This decrease was offset by an increase in salary and stock-based compensation expense of $0.4 million.

The increase in interest expense for the six months ended June 30, 2017 compared to the six months ended June 30, 2016 is primarily attributable to the issuance of our convertible promissory note with a notional value of $1.9 million in September 2016.

In connection with the private placement of our Series A convertible preferred stock and common stock warrants, we determined the warrants to be classified as liabilities and subject to remeasurement at each reporting period. As a result of the liability classification, for the six months ended June 30, 2017, we recorded a $10.5 million gain for the change in fair value of our common stock warrant liabilities which was primarily attributable to the decrease in the market price for our common stock. We also recognized $10.2 million in excess fair value of the common stock warrants over the gross proceeds from our private placement and $2.9 million in placement agent commissions and other offering costs.

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Liquidity and Capital Resources

Working Capital

To date, we have funded our operations primarily through the sale and issuance of preferred stock, common stock and convertible promissory notes. In March 2017, we sold 12,376,329 units, consisting of shares of Series A convertible preferred stock and warrants to purchase shares of common stock in a private placement and received approximately $22.1 million in aggregate net cash proceeds, after deducting commissions and other expenses of approximately $2.9 million. As of June 30, 2017, we had $7.4 million in cash and cash equivalents, $10.0 million in a certificate of deposit, working capital deficit of $11.8 million and an accumulated deficit of $68.4 million. We expect to continue to incur net losses for the foreseeable future. We intend to use our existing cash and cash equivalents to fund our working capital and research and development of our product candidates.

 Cash Flows

The following table sets forth our cash flows for the six months ended June 30, 2017 and 2016:

	Six Months Ended June 30,
Net cash (used in) provided by:	2017			2016
Operating activities	$	(6,161,914	)	$	(7,489,314	)
Investing activities		(10,064,002	)		8,498,271
Financing activities		22,086,463			—
Net increase in cash and cash equivalents	$	5,860,547		$	1,008,957

Operating Activities

Net cash used in operating activities of $6.2 million during the six months ended June 30, 2017 was primarily attributable to our net loss of $8.3 million and our net change in operating assets and liabilities of $1.3 million. This amount was offset by $2.6 million in non-cash, warrant related and other financing expenses and $0.7 million in stock-based compensation expense. The net change in our operating assets and liabilities is primarily attributable to the decrease in our accounts payable due to the timing of payments to our vendors, offset by an increase in accrued expenses due to additional accrued interest and dividends as well as an increase in prepaid expenses, mainly related to insurance costs.

Net cash used in operating activities of $7.5 million during the six months ended June 30, 2016 was primarily attributable to our net loss of $10.0 million and was offset by $2.2 million of non-cash charges and $0.4 million for the net change in our operating assets and liabilities. Non-cash charges primarily consisted of stock-based compensation and common stock issued for advisory services.

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Investing Activities

During the six months ended June 30, 2017, we purchased a certificate of deposit in the amount of $10.0 million and had approximately $64,000 in fixed asset purchases. During the six months ended June 30, 2016, net cash provided by investing activities was $8.5 million and was attributable to the cash acquired in connection with the reverse merger transaction with RestorGenex.

Financing Activities

Net cash provided by financing activities was $22.1 million during the six months ended June 30, 2017, which was attributable to the $22.1 million in proceeds received upon the closing of our Series A private placement offset by approximately $43,000 in payments for related offering costs. There were no cash related financing activities during the six months ended June 30, 2016.

Capital Requirements

We expect to continue to incur substantial expenses and generate significant operating losses as we continue to pursue our business strategy of developing our lead product candidate, TSC, for use in the treatment of GBM, pancreatic cancer, stroke and brain metastases.

To date, we have funded our ongoing business operations and short-term liquidity needs, primarily through the sale and issuance of preferred stock, common stock and convertible promissory notes. We expect to continue this practice for the foreseeable future. We believe our cash and cash equivalents and our certificate of deposit as of June 30, 2017 will be sufficient to fund our planned operations through March 2018.

As of June 30, 2017, we did not have credit facilities under which we could borrow funds or any other sources of committed capital. We may seek to raise additional funds through various sources, such as equity and debt financings, or through strategic collaborations and license agreements. We can give no assurances that we will be able to secure additional sources of funds to support our operations, or if such funds are available to us, that such additional financing will be sufficient to meet our needs or be on terms acceptable to us. This risk may increase if economic and market conditions deteriorate. If we are unable to obtain additional financing when needed, we may need to terminate, significantly modify or delay the development of our product candidates and our operations, or we may need to obtain funds through collaborators that may require us to relinquish rights to our technologies or product candidates that we might otherwise seek to develop or commercialize independently. If we are unable to raise any additional capital in the near-term and/or we cannot significantly reduce our expenses and are forced to terminate our operations, investors may experience a complete loss of their investment.

To the extent that we raise additional capital through the sale of our common stock, the interests of our current stockholders may be diluted. If we issue additional preferred stock or convertible debt securities, it could affect the rights of our common stockholders or reduce the value of our common stock or any outstanding classes of preferred stock. In particular, specific rights granted to future holders of preferred stock or convertible debt securities may include voting rights, preferences as to dividends and liquidation, conversion and redemption rights, sinking fund provisions, and restrictions on our ability to merge with or sell our assets to a third party. Debt financing, if available, may involve agreements that include covenants limiting or restricting our ability to take specific actions, such as incurring additional debt, making capital expenditures or declaring dividends.

As disclosed in the Proxy Statement, we intend to offer up to $20.0 million of shares of our Series B Preferred Stock at an offering price of $2.10 per share with each share of Series B Preferred Stock being initially convertible into one share of our common stock, subject to adjustment. For each share of Series B Preferred Stock purchased in the offering, the investor will receive a 5-year warrant to purchase one share of common stock with an exercise price equal to $2.31. The proposed terms of this offering are described in more detail in the Proxy Statement. The offering was approved by our stockholders on June 15, 2017. There is no assurance that we will successfully close such an offering at such terms due to the current trading prices of our common stock or for any other reason.

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On May 26, 2017, we received received a written notice from NASDAQ indicating we were not in compliance with Nasdaq Listing Rule 5550(b)(2) because the market value of our listed securities had been below $35.0 million for the previous 30 consecutive business days. NASDAQ also noted that as of such date the Company also did not meet the alternative requirements under Nasdaq Listing Rule 5550(b)(1), due to the Company's failure to maintain stockholders' equity of at least $2.5 million, or Nasdaq Listing Rule 5550(b)(3), due to the Company's failure to generate net income from continuing operations during its last fiscal year or during two of its last three fiscal years. We have 180 calendar days from the date of the notice, or until November 20, 2017, to regain compliance with the minimum market value of listed securities requirement or the minimum stockholders’ equity requirement.  In the event that we are unable to regain compliance, it could adversely affect our ability to obtain future funding.

THE FOREGOING STATEMENT IS NOT AN OFFER TO SELL OR THE SOLICITATION OF AN OFFER TO BUY SHARES OF OUR PREFERRED STOCK, SHARES OF OUR COMMON STOCK OR ANY OTHER SECURITIES.

Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements

We do not have any off-balance sheet arrangements, as defined by the rules and regulations of the SEC that have or are reasonably likely to have a material effect on our financial condition, changes in financial condition, revenue or expenses, results of operations, liquidity, capital expenditures or capital resources. As a result, we are not materially exposed to any financing, liquidity, market or credit risk that could arise if we had engaged in these arrangements.

Critical Accounting Policies

The Critical Accounting Policies included in our Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2016, filed with the SEC pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) under the Securities Act on March 31, 2017, as amended to this date, have not changed, except as follows:

Estimated fair value of Common Stock Warrants

Common stockwarrants issued in conjunction with our Series A convertible preferred stock offering are accounted for as freestanding financial instruments. These warrants are classified as liabilities on our condensed consolidated balance sheet and are recorded at their estimated fair value. At the end of each reporting period, changes in the estimated fair value during the period are recorded in our condensed consolidated statement of operations. We will continue to adjust these liabilities for changes in fair value until the earlier of their exercise, termination, or other form of settlement. The estimated fair value of common stock warrants is determined by using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model.

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Special Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements

This report includes forward-looking statements. We may, in some cases, use terms such as “believes,” “estimates,” “anticipates,” “expects,” “plans,” “intends,” “may,” “could,” “might,” “will,” “should,” “approximately” or other words that convey uncertainty of future events or outcomes to identify these forward-looking statements. Forward-looking statements appear in a number of places throughout this Quarterly Report and include statements regarding our intentions, beliefs, projections, outlook, analyses or current expectations concerning, among other things, our ongoing and planned preclinical development and clinical trials, the timing of and our ability to make regulatory filings and obtain and maintain regulatory approvals for our product candidates, our intellectual property position, the degree of clinical utility of our products, particularly in specific patient populations, our ability to develop commercial functions, expectations regarding clinical trial data, our results of operations, cash needs, financial condition, liquidity, prospects, growth and strategies, the industry in which we operate and the trends that may affect the industry or us.

By their nature, forward-looking statements involve risks and uncertainties because they relate to events, competitive dynamics and industry change, and depend on the economic circumstances that may or may not occur in the future or may occur on longer or shorter timelines than anticipated. Although we believe that we have a reasonable basis for each forward-looking statement contained in this Quarterly Report, we caution you that forward-looking statements are not guarantees of future performance and that our actual results of operations, financial condition and liquidity, and the development of the industry in which we operate may differ materially from the forward-looking statements contained in this Quarterly Report. In addition, even if our results of operations, financial condition and liquidity, and the development of the industry in which we operate are consistent with the forward-looking statements contained in this Quarterly Report, they may not be predictive of results or developments in future periods.

Actual results could differ materially from our forward-looking statements due to a number of factors, including risks related to:

● our ability to obtain additional financing;

● our estimates regarding expenses, future revenues, capital requirements and needs for additional financing;

● our ability to continue as a going concern;

● obtaining and maintaining intellectual property protection for our product candidates and our proprietary technology;

● the success and timing of our preclinical studies and clinical trials;

● the difficulties in obtaining and maintaining regulatory approval of our products and product candidates, and the labeling under any approval we may obtain;

● our failure to recruit or retain key scientific or management personnel or to retain our executive officers;

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● the accuracy of our estimates of the size and characteristics of the potential markets for our product candidates and our ability to serve those markets;

● regulatory developments in the United States and foreign countries;

● our ability to operate our business without infringing the intellectual property rights of others;

● recently enacted and future legislation regarding the healthcare system;

● our ability to satisfy the continued listing requirements of the NASDAQ Capital Market or any other exchange that our securities may trade on in the future;

● our plans and ability to develop and commercialize our product candidates;

● the rate and degree of market acceptance of any of our product candidates;

● the success of competing products that are or may become available; and

● the performance of third parties, including contract research organizations and manufacturers.

You should also read carefully the factors described in the “Risk Factors” section of our Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the SEC on March 31, 2017, as amended, and elsewhere in our public filings to better understand the risks and uncertainties inherent in our business and underlying any forward-looking statements. As a result of these factors, we cannot assure you that the forward-looking statements in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q will prove to be accurate. Furthermore, if our forward-looking statements prove to be inaccurate, the inaccuracy may be material. In light of the significant uncertainties in these forward-looking statements, you should not regard these statements as a representation or warranty by us or any other person that we will achieve our objectives and plans in any specified time frame, or at all.

Any forward-looking statements that we make in this Quarterly Report speak only as of the date of such statement, and, except as required by applicable law, we undertake no obligation to update such statements to reflect events or circumstances after the date of this Quarterly Report or to reflect the occurrence of unanticipated events. Comparisons of results for current and any prior periods are not intended to express any future trends or indications of future performance, unless expressed as such, and should only be viewed as historical data.

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ITEM 3. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK

This Item 3 is not applicable to us as a smaller reporting company and has been omitted.

ITEM 4. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES

Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures

We maintain disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) that are designed to provide reasonable assurance that information required to be disclosed by us in the reports we file or submit under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized, and reported within the time periods specified in the SEC’s rules and forms and that such information is accumulated and communicated to our management, including our principal executive and principal financial officers, or persons performing similar functions, as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure. In designing and evaluating our disclosure controls and procedures, we recognize that any controls and procedures, no matter how well designed and operated, can provide only reasonable assurance of achieving the desired control objectives, and we are required to apply our judgment in evaluating the cost-benefit relationship of possible internal controls. Our management evaluated, with the participation of our principal executive officer and principal financial officer, the effectiveness of the design and operation of our disclosure controls and procedures as of the end of the period covered in this report. Based on that evaluation, our principal executive officer and principal financial officer concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures were effective as of the end of such period to provide reasonable assurance that information required to be disclosed in our Exchange Act reports is recorded, processed, summarized, and reported within the time periods specified in the SEC’s rules and forms, and that such information is accumulated and communicated to our management, including our principal executive officer and principal financial officer, as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding disclosure.

Change in Internal Control Over Financial Reporting

There were no changes in our internal control over financial reporting (as such term is defined in Rule 13a-15(f) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended) that occurred during the quarter ended June 30, 2017 that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

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PART II – OTHER INFORMATION

ITEM 1. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS

For this item, please refer to Note 9, Commitments and Contingencies to the Notes to the Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements included in Part I, Item 1 of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, which is incorporated herein by reference.

ITEM 1A. RISK FACTORS

In addition to the other information set forth in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, you should carefully consider the factors discussed in Part I, Item 1A - “Risk Factors,” in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2016 and our Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the period ended March 31, 2017, which could materially affect our business, financial condition or future results.

As of the date of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, there have been no material changes with respect to the Company’s risk factors previously disclosed on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2016 and Form 10-Q for the period ended March 31, 2017.

ITEM 2. UNREGISTERED SALES OF EQUITY SECURITIES AND USE OF PROCEEDS

Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities

None.

 Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities

None.

ITEM 3. DEFAULTS UPON SENIOR SECURITIES

None.

ITEM 4. MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURES

Not applicable.

ITEM 5. OTHER INFORMATION

None.

ITEM 6. EXHIBITS

See attached Exhibit Index.

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SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.

Date: August 14, 2017

	DIFFUSION PHARMACEUTICALS INC.
By:	/s/ David G. Kalergis
	David G. Kalergis
	Chairman and Chief Executive Officer
	(Principal Executive Officer)
By:	/s/ Ben L. Shealy
	Ben L. Shealy
	Senior Vice President, Finance, Treasurer and Secretary
	(Principal Financial Officer)

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DIFFUSION PHARMACEUTICALS INC.

QUARTERLY REPORT ON FORM 10-Q

EXHIBIT INDEX

Exhibit No.	Description	Method of Filing
31.1	Certification of Chief Executive Officer Pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 and SEC Rule 13a-14(a)	Filed herewith
31.2	Certification of principal financial officer Pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 and SEC Rule 13a-14(a)	Filed herewith
32.1	Certification of Chief Executive Officer Pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as Adopted Pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002	Furnished herewith
32.2	Certification of principal financial officer Pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as Adopted Pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002	Furnished herewith
101	The following materials from Diffusion’s quarterly report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended June 30, 2017, formatted in XBRL (Extensible Business Reporting Language): (i) the Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets, (ii) the Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations, (iii) the Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statement of Changes in Stockholders’ Equity (Deficit), (iv) the Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows, and (v) Notes to Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements	Filed herewith

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EX-31.1

Exhibit 31.1

CERTIFICATION OF PRINCIPAL EXECUTIVE OFFICER PURSUANT TO SECTION 302 OF THE
SARBANES OXLEY ACT OF 2002 AND SEC RULE 13a-14(a)

I, David G. Kalergis, certify that:

1.     I have reviewed this quarterly report on Form 10-Q of Diffusion Pharmaceuticals Inc.;

2.     Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;

3.     Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;

4.     The registrant’s other certifying officer(s) and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:

(a)     Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;

(b)     Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;

(c)     Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and

(d)     Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and

5.     The registrant’s other certifying officer(s) and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):

(a)     All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and

(b)     Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting.

Date:	August 14, 2017	/s/ David G. Kalergis
		David G. Kalergis
		Chairman and Chief Executive Officer
		(Principal Executive Officer)

EX-31.2

Exhibit 31.2

CERTIFICATION OF PRINCIPAL FINANCIAL OFFICER PURSUANT TO SECTION 302 OF THE
SARBANES OXLEY ACT OF 2002 AND SEC RULE 13a-14(a)

I, Ben L. Shealy, certify that:

1.     I have reviewed this quarterly report on Form 10-Q of Diffusion Pharmaceuticals Inc.;

2.     Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;

3.     Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;

4.     The registrant’s other certifying officer(s) and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:

(a)     Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;

(b)     Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;

(c)     Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and

(d)     Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and

5.     The registrant’s other certifying officer(s) and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):

(a)     All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and

(b)     Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting.

Date:	August 14, 2017	/s/ Ben L. Shealy
		Ben L. Shealy
		Senior Vice President, Finance, Treasurer and Secretary
		(Principal Financial Officer)

EX-32.1

Exhibit 32.1

CERTIFICATION OF PRINCIPAL EXECUTIVE OFFICER PURSUANT TO 18 U.S.C. SECTION 1350, AS

ADOPTED PURSUANT TO SECTION 906 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002

In connection with the Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q of Diffusion Pharmaceuticals Inc. (the “Company”) for the quarter ended March 31, 2017 as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on the date hereof (the “Report”), I, David G. Kalergis, Chairman and Chief Executive Officer of the Company, certify, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. § 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, that to my knowledge:

(1) The Report fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934; and

(2) The information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Company.

/s/ David G. Kalergis

David G. Kalergis

Chairman and Chief Executive Officer

August 14, 2017

EX-32.2

Exhibit 32.2

CERTIFICATION OF PRINCIPAL FINANCIAL OFFICER PURSUANT TO 18 U.S.C. SECTION 1350, AS

ADOPTED PURSUANT TO SECTION 906 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002

In connection with the Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q of Diffusion Pharmaceuticals Inc. (the “Company”) for the quarter ended June 30, 2017 as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on the date hereof (the “Report”), I, Ben L. Shealy, Senior Vice President, Finance, Treasurer and Secretary of the Company, certify, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. § 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, that to my knowledge:

(1) The Report fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934; and

(2) The information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Company.

 /s/ Ben L. Shealy

Ben L. Shealy

Senior Vice President, Finance, Treasurer and Secretary

August 14, 2017

XML

Document And Entity Information - shares	6 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2017	Aug. 11, 2017
Document Information [Line Items]
Entity Registrant Name	Diffusion Pharmaceuticals Inc.
Entity Central Index Key	0001053691
Trading Symbol	dffn
Current Fiscal Year End Date	--12-31
Entity Filer Category	Smaller Reporting Company
Entity Current Reporting Status	Yes
Entity Voluntary Filers	No
Entity Well-known Seasoned Issuer	No
Entity Common Stock, Shares Outstanding (in shares)		14,022,120
Document Type	10-Q
Document Period End Date	Jun. 30, 2017
Document Fiscal Year Focus	2017
Document Fiscal Period Focus	Q2
Amendment Flag	false

XML

Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets (Current Period Unaudited) - USD ($)	Jun. 30, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016
Current assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$ 7,413,399	$ 1,552,852
Certificate of deposit	10,000,000
Prepaid expenses, deposits and other current assets	287,893	50,844
Total current assets	17,701,292	1,603,696
Property and equipment, net	479,650	79,755
Intangible asset	8,639,000	8,639,000
Goodwill	6,929,258	6,929,258
Other assets	157,229	232,675
Total assets	33,906,429	17,484,384
Current liabilities:
Current portion of convertible debt	2,430,000	1,880,000
Accounts payable	1,039,002	1,684,158
Accrued expenses and other current liabilities	1,232,696	874,264
Common stock warrant liability	24,757,670
Total current liabilities	29,459,368	4,438,422
Convertible debt, net of current portion		550,000
Deferred income taxes	3,279,363	3,279,363
Other liabilities		31,915
Total liabilities	32,738,731	8,299,700
Commitments and Contingencies
Preferred stock	0	0
Stockholders’ Equity:
Common stock, $0.001 par value: 1,000,000,000 shares authorized; 12,247,984 and 10,345,637 shares issued and outstanding at June 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016, respectively	12,299	10,346
Additional paid-in capital	69,596,807	69,363,575
Accumulated deficit	(68,441,408)	(60,189,237)
Total stockholders' equity	1,167,698	9,184,684
Total liabilities, convertible preferred stock and stockholders' equity	$ 33,906,429	$ 17,484,384

XML

Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets (Current Period Unaudited) (Parentheticals) - USD ($)	Jun. 30, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016
Preferred stock, par value (in dollars per share)	$ 0.001	$ 0
Preferred stock, shares authorized (in shares)	13,750,000	0
Preferred stock, shares issued (in shares)	12,376,329	0
Preferred stock, shares outstanding (in shares)	10,498,843	0
Preferred stock, liquidation value	$ 21,207,478	$ 0
Common stock, par value (in dollars per share)	$ 0.001	$ 0.001
Common stock, shares authorized (in shares)	1,000,000,000	1,000,000,000
Common stock, shares issued (in shares)	12,247,984	10,345,637
Common stock, shares outstanding (in shares)	12,247,984	10,345,637

XML

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations (Unaudited) - USD ($)	3 Months Ended		6 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2017	Jun. 30, 2016	Jun. 30, 2017	Jun. 30, 2016
Operating expenses:
Research and development	$ 1,179,544	$ 1,444,906	$ 2,187,115	$ 3,797,713
General and administrative	1,795,886	2,349,227	3,349,025	6,211,711
Depreciation	5,790	5,845	12,393	13,698
Loss from operations	2,981,220	3,799,978	5,548,533	10,023,122
Other expense (income):
Interest expense, net	18,889	6,216	74,608	6,237
Change in fair value of warrant liability (Note 10)	(23,387,850)		(10,468,176)
Warrant related expenses (Note 7)			10,225,846
Other financing expenses			2,870,226
Net income (loss)	$ 20,387,741	$ (3,806,194)	$ (8,251,037)	$ (10,029,359)
Per share information:
Net income (loss) per share of common stock, basic (in dollars per share)	$ 0.88	$ (0.37)	$ (0.83)	$ (0.99)
Net income (loss) per share of common stock, diluted (in dollars per share)	$ (1)	$ (0.37)	$ (1.56)	$ (0.99)
Weighted average shares outstanding, basic (in shares)	10,828,063	10,263,703	10,582,521	10,130,042
Weighted average shares outstanding, diluted (in shares)	13,872,632	10,263,703	12,339,386	10,130,042

XML

Condensed Consolidated Statement of Changes in Convertible Preferred Stock and Stockholders' Equity (Unaudited) - 6 months ended Jun. 30, 2017 - USD ($)		Common Stock [Member]	Additional Paid-in Capital [Member]	Retained Earnings [Member]	Preferred Stock [Member] Series A Preferred Stock [Member]	Series A Preferred Stock [Member]	Total
Balance (in shares) at Dec. 31, 2016		10,345,637
Balance at Dec. 31, 2016		$ 10,346	$ 69,363,575	$ (60,189,237)			$ 9,184,684
Sale of Series A convertible preferred stock and common stock warrants (in shares)		25,735			12,376,329
Series A cumulative preferred dividend			(546,305)			$ (546,305)	(546,305)
Conversion of accrued dividends related to convertible preferred stock		$ 26	70,864				70,890
Conversion of Series A convertible preferred stock to common stock (in shares)		1,926,991			(1,926,991)
Conversion of Series A convertible preferred stock to common stock		$ 1,927	(1,927)
Beneficial conversion feature for accrued interest of convertible debt			28,017				28,017
Stock-based compensation expense			681,449				681,449
Net loss				(8,251,037)			(8,251,037)
Balance (in shares) at Jun. 30, 2017		12,298,363			10,449,338
Balance at Jun. 30, 2017		$ 12,299	69,596,807	(68,441,408)			$ 1,167,698
Cumulative effect of change in accounting principle (a)	[1]		$ 1,134	$ (1,134)

[1] In 2017, the Company adopted provisions of ASU 2016-09, Improvements to Employee Share Based Payment Accounting, resulting in a cumulative effect adjustment to Accumulated Deficit and Additional Paid-in Capital for previously unrecognized stock-based compensation expense. See Note 3 for further discussion of the impacts of this standard.

XML

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows (Unaudited) - USD ($)	6 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2017	Jun. 30, 2016
Operating activities:
Net loss	$ (8,251,037)	$ (10,029,359)
Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash used in operating activities:
Depreciation	12,393	13,698
Loss on sale or disposal of assets		6,761
Stock-based compensation expense	681,449	731,633
Common stock issued for advisory services		1,409,363
Warrant related expense, change in fair value, and other financing expenses	2,627,896
Non-cash interest expense	85,309	4,754
Changes in operating assets and liabilities:
Prepaid expenses, deposits and other assets	(68,189)	17,712
Accounts payable, accrued expenses and other liabilities	(1,249,735)	356,124
Net cash used in operating activities	(6,161,914)	(7,489,314)
Cash flows (used in) provided by investing activities:
Purchases of property and equipment	(64,002)	(2,331)
Purchase of certificate of deposit	(10,000,000)
Cash received in reverse merger transaction		8,500,602
Net cash (used in) provided by investing activities	(10,064,002)	8,498,271
Cash flows provided by financing activities:
Proceeds from the sale of Series A convertible preferred stock and warrants, net	22,129,774
Payment of offering costs for Series B convertible preferred stock	(43,311)
Net cash provided by financing activities	22,086,463
Net increase in cash and cash equivalents	5,860,547	1,008,957
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period	1,552,852	1,997,192
Cash and cash equivalents at end of period	7,413,399	3,006,149
Supplemental disclosure of non-cash investing and financing activities:
Purchases of property and equipment in accounts payable and accrued expenses	(348,286)
Series B offering costs in accounts payable and accrued expenses	(50,103)
Series A cumulative preferred dividends	(546,305)
Conversion of accrued dividends related to convertible preferred stock	70,890
Conversion of convertible notes and related accrued interest into common stock		711,495
Consideration in connection with RestorGenex Corporation merger transaction		21,261,000
Series A Preferred Stock [Member]
Supplemental disclosure of non-cash investing and financing activities:
Series A cumulative preferred dividends	(546,305)
Convertible Preferred Stock [Member]
Supplemental disclosure of non-cash investing and financing activities:
Conversion of accrued dividends related to convertible preferred stock	$ 70,890

XML

Note 1 - Organization and Description of Business

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2017

Notes to Financial Statements

Nature of Operations [Text Block]

1. Organization and Description of Business

Diffusion Pharmaceuticals Inc. (“Diffusion” or the “Company”), a Delaware corporation, is a clinical stage biotechnology company focused on extending the life expectancy of cancer patients by improving the effectiveness of current standard-of-care treatments, including radiation therapy and chemotherapy. The Company is developing its lead product candidate, trans sodium crocetinate (“TSC”) for use in many cancer types in which tumor oxygen deprivation ("hypoxia") is known to diminish the effectiveness of current treatments. TSC is designed to target the cancer’s hypoxic micro-environment, re-oxygenating treatment-resistant tissue and making the cancer cells more susceptible to the therapeutic effects of standard-of-care radiation therapy and chemotherapy. At an End-Of-Phase

2

Meeting, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (“FDA”) provided Diffusion with extensive guidance on the design for a Phase

3

trial of TSC in newly diagnosed GBM patients.

On

January 8, 2016,

the Company completed a reverse merger (the “Merger”) with RestorGenex Corporation (“RestorGenex”) whereby the Company was considered the acquirer for accounting purposes. The operational activity of RestorGenex is included in the Company’s consolidated financial statements from the date of acquisition. Accordingly, all comparative period information presented in these unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements from

January 1, 2016

through

January 7, 2016

exclude any activity related to RestorGenex.

XML

Note 2 - Liquidity

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2017

Notes to Financial Statements

Substantial Doubt about Going Concern [Text Block]

2. Liquidity

The Company has

not

generated any revenues from product sales and has funded operations primarily from the proceeds of private placements of its membership units (prior to the Merger), convertible notes and convertible preferred stock. Substantial additional financing will be required by the Company to continue to fund its research and development activities.

No

assurance can be given that any such financing will be available when needed or that the Company’s research and development efforts will be successful.

The Company regularly explores alternative means of financing its operations and seeks funding through various sources, including public and private securities offerings, collaborative arrangements with

third

parties and other strategic alliances and business transactions. In

March 2017,

the Company completed a

$25.0

million private placement of its securities by offering units consisting of

one

share of the Company's Series A convertible preferred stock and a warrant to purchase

one

share of common stock for each share of Series A convertible preferred stock purchased in the offering. The Company sold

12,376,329

units and received approximately

$22.1

million in aggregate net cash proceeds from the private placement, after deducting commissions and other expenses of approximately

$2.9

million. In addition, the Company granted to its placement agent in the offering warrants to purchase an aggregate

1,179,558

shares of common stock as compensation for its services.

As disclosed in the Company's definitive proxy statement (the “Proxy Statement”) filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) on

May 1, 2017,

the Company intends to offer up to

$20.0

million of shares of our Series B convertible preferred stock,

$0.001

par value per share (“Series B Preferred Stock”), at an offering price of

$2.10

per share with each share of Series B Preferred Stock being initially convertible into

one

share of the Company's common stock, subject to adjustment. For each share of Series B Preferred Stock purchased in the offering, the investor shall receive a

5

-year warrant to purchase

one

share of common stock with an exercise price equal to

$2.31.

The offering was approved by the Company's stockholders on

June 15, 2017.

There is

no

assurance that the Company will successfully close an offering at such terms due to the current trading prices of the Company's common stock.

The Company currently does

not

have any commitments to obtain additional funds and

may

be unable to obtain sufficient funding in the future on acceptable terms, if at all. On

May 26, 2017,

the Company received a written notice from NASDAQ indicating the Company was

not

in compliance with Nasdaq Listing Rule

5550

(b)(

2

) because the market value of the Company’s listed securities had been below

$35.0

million for the previous

30

consecutive business days. NASDAQ also noted that as of such date the Company also did

not

meet the alternative requirements under Nasdaq Listing Rule

5550

(b)(

1

), due to the Company's failure to maintain stockholders' equity of at least

$2.5

million, or Nasdaq Listing Rule

5550

(b)(

3

), due to the Company's failure to generate net income from continuing operations during its last fiscal year or during

two

of its last

three

fiscal years.

The Company has

180

calendar days from the date of the notice, or until

November 20, 2017,

to regain compliance with the minimum market value of listed securities requirement or the minimum stockholders’ equity requirement. In the event the Company is unable to regain compliance, it could adversely affect the Company’s ability to obtain future funding. If the Company cannot obtain the necessary funding, it will need to delay, scale back or eliminate some or all of its research and development programs, enter into collaborations with

third

parties to commercialize potential products or technologies that it might otherwise seek to develop or commercialize independently, consider other various strategic alternatives, including a merger or sale of the Company, or cease operations. If the Company engages in collaborations, it

may

receive lower consideration upon commercialization of such products than if it had

not

entered into such arrangements or if it entered into such arrangements at later stages in the product development process.

The Company has prepared its financial statements assuming that it will continue as a going concern, which contemplates realization of assets and the satisfaction of liabilities in the normal course of business. The Company has incurred net losses since inception and it expects to generate losses from operations for the foreseeable future primarily due to research and development costs for its potential product candidates, which raises substantial doubt about the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern. Various internal and external factors will affect whether and when the Company’s product candidates become approved drugs and the extent of their market share. The regulatory approval and market acceptance of the Company’s proposed future products (if any), length of time and cost of developing and commercializing these product candidates and/or failure of them at any stage of the drug approval process will materially affect the Company’s financial condition and future operations. The Company believes its cash and cash equivalents and certificate of deposit at

June 

30,

2017

are sufficient to fund operations through

March 2018. 

XML

Note 3 - Basis of Presentation and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2017

Notes to Financial Statements

Significant Accounting Policies [Text Block]

3. Basis of Presentation and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

The Summary of Significant Accounting Policies included in the Company's Form

10

-K for the year ended

December 31, 2016,

filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on

March 31, 2017

have

not

materially changed, except as set forth below.

Basis of Presentation

The accompanying unaudited interim condensed consolidated financial statements of the Company have been prepared in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (“GAAP”) for interim financial information as found in the Accounting Standard Codification (“ASC”) and Accounting Standards Updates (“ASUs”) of the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”), and with the instructions to Form

10

-Q and Article

10

of Regulation S-

X

of the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”). In the opinion of management, the accompanying unaudited interim condensed consolidated financial statements of the Company include all normal and recurring adjustments (which consist primarily of accruals, estimates and assumptions that impact the financial statements) considered necessary to present fairly the Company’s financial position as of 

June 

30,

2017,

its results of operations for the

three

and

six

months ended

June 

30,

2017

and

2016

and cash flows for the

six

months ended

June 

30,

2017

and

2016.

Operating results for the

six

months ended 

June 

30,

2017

are

not

necessarily indicative of the results that

may

be expected for the year ending

December 

31,

2017.

The unaudited interim condensed consolidated financial statements presented herein do

not

contain the required disclosures under GAAP for annual financial statements. The accompanying unaudited interim condensed consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the annual audited financial statements and related notes as of and for the year ended

December 

31,

2016

filed with the SEC on Form

10

-K on

March 31, 2017.

Use of Estimates

The preparation of the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of assets and liabilities at the date the financial statements and reported amounts of expense during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates. Due to the uncertainty of factors surrounding the estimates or judgments used in the preparation of the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements, actual results

may

materially vary from these estimates. Estimates and assumptions are periodically reviewed and the effects of revisions are reflected in the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements in the period they are deemed necessary.

Cash and Cash Equivalents and Certificate of Deposit

The Company considers any highly liquid investments, such as money market funds, with an original maturity of

three

months or less to be cash and cash equivalents. The Company's certificate of deposit has a maturity greater than

three

months but within

one

year of the date of purchase. This certificate of deposit is classified as held-to-maturity, and the estimated fair value of the investment approximates its amortized cost.

Fair Value of Financial Instruments

The carrying amounts of the Company’s financial instruments, including cash equivalents, certificate of deposit, accounts payable, and accrued expenses approximate fair value due to the short-term nature of those instruments. As of each of

June 

30,

2017

and

December 

31,

2016,

the fair value of the Company’s outstanding convertible notes was approximately

$2.6

million. The fair value of the convertible notes is determined using a binomial lattice model that utilizes certain unobservable inputs that fall within Level

3

of the fair value hierarchy.

Offering Costs

Offering costs consist principally of legal costs incurred through the balance sheet date related to the Company’s private placement financings and are recognized in other assets on the consolidated balance sheet. At

June 

30,

2017

and

December 31, 2016,

there were

$93,000

and

$0.2

million in deferred offering costs, respectively. These costs are either expensed upon completion of the related financing or offset against the proceeds of the offering, depending upon the accounting treatment of the offering.

Intangible Assets and Goodwill

In connection with the Merger, the Company acquired indefinite-lived In-Process Research and Development Assets (“IPR&D”) RES-

529

and RES-

440,

with estimated fair values of

$8.6

million and

$1.0

million, respectively, and recognized

$6.9

million in goodwill. In the

third

quarter of

2016,

the IPR&D asset associated with RES-

440

was abandoned and written down to

$0.

RES-

529

and goodwill are assessed for impairment on each of

October 1

of the Company’s fiscal year or more frequently if impairment indicators exist. The Company has a single reporting unit and all goodwill relates to that reporting unit. There were

no

impairment indicators or impairments to RES-

529

or goodwill during the

three

and

six

months ended

June 30, 2017.

Net Income (Loss) Per Common Share

For the

three

months ended

June 30, 2017,

the Company used the

two

-class method to compute net income per common share because the Company has issued securities (Series A convertible preferred stock) that entitle the holder to participate in dividends and earnings of the Company. Under this method, net income is reduced by any dividends earned during the period. The remaining earnings (undistributed earnings) are allocated to common stock and the Series A convertible preferred stock to the extent that the Series A convertible preferred stock

may

share in earnings as if all of the earnings for the period had been distributed. The total earnings allocated to common stock is then divided by the number of outstanding shares to which the earnings are allocated to determine the earnings per share. The

two

-class method is

not

applicable during periods with a net loss, as the holders of the convertible preferred stock have

no

obligation to fund losses.

Diluted net income (loss) per common share is computed under the

two

-class method by using the weighted-average number of shares of common stock outstanding, plus, for periods with net income attributable to common stockholders, the potential dilutive effects of stock options, unvested restricted stock, warrants, and convertible debt. In addition, the Company analyzes the potential dilutive effect of the outstanding convertible preferred stock under the “if-converted” method when calculating diluted earnings per share, in which it is assumed that the outstanding convertible preferred stock converts into common stock at the beginning of the period or when issued, if later. The Company reports the more dilutive of the approaches (

two

class or “if-converted”) as its diluted net income per share during the period.

For the periods in which the Company reported a net loss, there was

no

dilutive effect under either the

two

-class or “if-converted” method. For the

three

months ended

June 30, 2017,

the Company presented diluted net income per common share using the

two

-class method, which was more dilutive than the “if-converted” method.

For purposes of calculating diluted loss per common share, the denominator includes both the weighted average common shares outstanding and the number of common stock equivalents if the inclusion of such common stock equivalents would be dilutive. Dilutive common stock equivalents potentially include stock options, unvested restricted stock awards and warrants using the treasury stock method. The diluted loss per common share calculation is also affected by the assumed exercise of the liability classified warrants using the treasury stock method, if dilutive, and adjusting the numerator for the change in fair value of the warrant liability. In addition, the Company considers the potential dilutive impact of its convertible debt instruments using the "if-converted" method.

The following table sets forth the computation of basic and diluted earnings per share:

	Three Months Ended June 30,						Six Months Ended June 30,
	2017			2016			2017			2016
Basic net income (loss) per common share calculation:
Net income (loss)	$	20,387,741		$	(3,806,194	)	$	(8,251,037	)	$	(10,029,359	)
Accretion of Series A cumulative preferred dividends		(487,460	)		—			(546,305	)		—
Undistributed earnings allocated to participating securities		(10,416,153	)		—			—			—
Net income (loss) attributable to common stockholders	$	9,484,128			(3,806,194	)		(8,797,342	)		(10,029,359	)
Weighted average shares outstanding, basic		10,828,063			10,263,703			10,582,521			10,130,042
Net income (loss) per share of common stock, basic	$	0.88		$	(0.37	)	$	(0.83	)	$	(0.99	)
Diluted net income (loss) per common share calculation:
Net income (loss) attributable to common stockholders	$	9,484,128			(3,806,194	)		(8,797,342	)		(10,029,359	)
Change in fair value of warrant liability		(23,387,850	)		—			(10,468,176	)		—
Diluted net loss	$	(13,903,722	)		(3,806,194	)		(19,265,518	)		(10,029,359	)
Weighted average shares outstanding, basic		10,828,063			10,263,703			10,582,521			10,130,042
Shares from dilutive warrants		3,044,569			—			1,756,865			—
Weighted average shares outstanding, diluted		13,872,632			10,263,703			12,339,386			10,130,042
Net income (loss) per share of common stock, diluted	$	(1.00	)	$	(0.37	)	$	(1.56	)	$	(0.99	)

The following potentially dilutive securities outstanding as of

June 

30,

2017

and

2016

have been excluded from the computation of diluted weighted average shares outstanding, as they would be anti-dilutive:

	June 30,
	2017		2016
Convertible debt		774,886		429,161
Convertible preferred stock		10,449,338		—
Common stock warrants		457,721		461,209
Stock options		2,525,989		1,797,812
Unvested restricted stock awards		6,132		12,273
		14,214,066		2,700,455

Amounts in the table reflect the common stock equivalents of the noted instruments.

 

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

In

July 

2017,

the FASB issued ASU

2017

-

11,

Earnings Per Share (Topic

260

); Distinguishing Liabilities from Equity (Topic

480

); Derivatives and Hedging (Topic

815

): (Part I) Accounting for Certain Financial Instruments with Down Round Features, (Part II) Replacement of the Indefinite Deferral for Mandatorily Redeemable Financial Instruments of Certain Nonpublic Entities and Certain Mandatorily Redeemable Noncontrolling Interests with a Scope Exception.

The

first

part of this update addresses the complexity of accounting for certain financial instruments with down round features and the

second

part addresses the complexity of distinguishing liabilities from equity. The guidance is applicable to public business entities for fiscal years beginning after

December 15, 2018

and interim periods within those years. The Company is currently evaluating the potential impact of the adoption of this standard on its consolidated results of operations, financial position and cash flows and related disclosures.

In

May 2017,

the FASB issued ASU

No.

2017

-

09,

Modification Accounting for Share-Based Payment Arrangements

, which amends the scope of modification accounting for share-based payment arrangements. The ASU provides guidance on the types of changes to the terms or conditions of share-based payment awards to which an entity would be required to apply modification accounting under ASC

718.

Specifically, an entity would

not

apply modification accounting if the fair value, vesting conditions, and classification of the awards are the same immediately before and after the modification. The guidance is applicable to public business entities for fiscal years beginning after

December 15, 2017

and interim periods within those years. Early adoption is permitted, including adoption in any interim period. The Company does

not

expect this new guidance to have a material impact on its condensed consolidated financial statements.

In

March 

2016,

the FASB issued ASU

2016

-

09,

Compensation – Improvements to Employee Share-Based Payment Accounting

, which simplifies several aspects of the accounting for employee share-based payment transactions including the accounting for income taxes, forfeitures, and statutory tax withholding requirements, as well as classification in the statement of cash flows. The guidance is applicable to public business entities for fiscal years beginning after

December 15, 2016

and interim periods within those years. The Company adopted this standard in

2017

by electing to account for forfeitures in the period that they occur. Under ASU

2016

-

09,

accounting changes adopted using the modified retrospective method must be calculated as of the beginning of the period adopted and reported as a cumulative-effect adjustment. As a result, the Company recognized cumulative-effect adjustment of approximately

$1,000

on

January 1, 2017.

In

February 2016,

the FASB issued ASU

2016

-

02,

Leases (Topic

842

)

. The FASB issued the update to require the recognition of lease assets and liabilities on the balance sheet of lessees. The standard will be effective for fiscal years beginning after

December 

15,

2018,

including interim periods within such fiscal years. The ASU requires a modified retrospective transition method with the option to elect a package of practical expedients. Early adoption is permitted. The Company is currently evaluating the potential impact of the adoption of this standard on its consolidated results of operations, financial position and cash flows and related disclosures.

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Note 4 - Acquisition

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2017

Notes to Financial Statements

Business Combination Disclosure [Text Block]

4. Acquisition

Reverse Merger with RestorGenex

On

January 8, 2016,

the Company completed a reverse merger transaction with RestorGenex. The Company entered into the Merger transaction in an effort to provide improved access to the capital markets in order to obtain the resources necessary to accelerate development of TSC in multiple clinical programs and continue to build an oncology-focused company.

The purchase price was calculated as follows:

Fair value of RestorGenex shares outstanding	$	19,546,000
Estimated fair value of RestorGenex stock options outstanding		1,321,000
Estimated fair value of RestorGenex warrants outstanding		384,000
CVRs – RES-440 product candidate		10,000
Total purchase price	$	21,261,000

The Merger transaction has been accounted for using the acquisition method of accounting, which requires that assets acquired and liabilities assumed be recognized at their fair values as of the acquisition date. The valuation technique utilized to value the IPR&D was the cost approach.

The following table summarizes the allocation of the purchase price to the assets acquired and liabilities assumed as of the acquisition date:

Cash and cash equivalents	$	8,500,602
Prepaid expenses and other assets		195,200
Property and equipment		57,531
Intangible assets		9,600,000
Goodwill		6,929,258
Accrued liabilities		(377,432	)
Deferred tax liability		(3,644,159	)
Net assets acquired	$	21,261,000

Qualitative factors supporting the recognition of goodwill due to the Merger transaction include the Company’s anticipated enhanced ability to secure additional capital and gain access to capital market opportunities as a public company and the potential value created by having a more well-rounded clinical development portfolio by adding the earlier stage products acquired in the reverse merger transaction to the Company’s later state product portfolio. The goodwill is

not

deductible for income tax purposes.

Pro Forma Financial Information (Unaudited)

The following pro forma financial information reflects the condensed consolidated results of operations of the Company as if the acquisition of RestorGenex had taken place on

January 1, 2016.

The pro forma financial information is

not

necessarily indicative of the results of operations as they would have been had the transactions been effected on the assumed date.

	Six Months Ended June 30, 2016
Net revenues	$	—
Net loss		(8,464,138	)
Basic and diluted loss per share	$	(0.84	)

Non-recurring pro forma transaction costs directly attributable to the Merger were

$1.6

million for the

six

months ended

June 30, 2016

and have been deducted from the net loss presented above. The costs deducted from the

six

months ended

June 30, 2016

period includes a success fee of

$1.1

million and approximately

46,000

shares of common stock with a fair market value of

$0.5

million paid to a financial adviser upon the closing of the Merger on

January 8, 2016.

Additionally, RestorGenex incurred approximately

$3.0

million in severance costs as a result of resignations of executive officers immediately prior to the Merger and approximately

$2.7

million in share based compensation expense as a result of the acceleration of vesting of stock options at the time of the Merger. These costs are excluded from the pro forma financial information for the

six

months ended

June 30, 2016.

No

such costs were recorded in the

three

and

six

months ended

June 30, 2017

or in the

three

months ended

June 30, 2016.

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Note 5 - Other Accrued Expenses and Liabilities

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2017

Notes to Financial Statements

Accounts Payable, Accrued Liabilities, and Other Liabilities Disclosure, Current [Text Block]

5. Other Accrued Expenses and Liabilities

Other accrued expenses and liabilities consisted of the following:

	June 30, 2017		December 31, 2016
Accrued interest payable	$	119,975	$	29,359
Accrued Series A dividends		475,414		—
Accrued payroll and payroll related expenses		251,465		399,740
Accrued professional fees		340,481		72,855
Accrued clinical studies expenses		27,071		220,978
Other accrued expenses		18,290		151,332
Total	$	1,232,696	$	874,264

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Note 6 - Convertible Debt

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2017

Notes to Financial Statements

Debt Disclosure [Text Block]

6. Convertible Debt

The following table provides the details of the convertible debt outstanding at

June 

30,

2017

and

December 31, 2016:

Note	Issue Date	Maturity Date	Conversion Price		Interest Rate			Total Principal
2016 Convertible Notes	9/27/2016	9/27/2017	$	3.50		6.00	%	$	1,880,000
Series B Note	3/15/2011	6/30/2018	$	2.74		1.00	%		550,000
Total principal amount								$	2,430,000

The accrued interest related to the Company’s Series B Convertible Note and

2016

Convertible Notes are included within accrued expenses and other current liabilities within the unaudited condensed consolidated balance sheets. As of

June 

30,

2017,

the Company had accrued interest of approximately

$120,000.

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Note 7 - Convertible Preferred Stock and Common Stock Warrants

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2017

Notes to Financial Statements

Stockholders' Equity Note Disclosure [Text Block]

7. Convertible Preferred Stock and Common Stock Warrants

In contemplation of completing the private placement described below, the Company amended and restated its articles of incorporation and authorized

13,750,000

shares of Series A convertible preferred stock. The Company has classified its Series A convertible preferred stock outside of stockholders’ equity because the shares contain deemed liquidation rights that are contingent redemption features

not

solely within the control of the Company.

Series A Convertible Preferred Stock Transaction

In

March 2017,

the Company completed a

$25.0

million private placement of its securities in which the Company offered and sold units consisting of

one

share of the Company’s Series A convertible preferred stock and a warrant to purchase

one

share of common stock for each share of Series A convertible preferred stock purchased in the offering. Each share of Series A convertible preferred stock entitles the holder to an

8.0%

cumulative dividend payable in shares of our common stock on a semi-annual basis. The holders

may,

at their option, convert each share of Series A convertible preferred stock into

one

share of the Company’s common stock based on the initial conversion price of

$2.02

per share, subject to adjustment. Each warrant entitles the holder to purchase

one

share of common stock at an initial exercise price of

$2.22,

subject to adjustment and expires on the

fifth

anniversary of their original issuance date.

The Company sold

12,376,329

units in the private placement and received approximately

$22.1

million in aggregate net cash proceeds, after deducting commissions and other expenses of approximately

$2.9

million. In addition, as compensation for its services, the Company granted to its placement agent in the offering warrants to purchase an aggregate of

1,179,558

shares of common stock at an initial exercise price of

$2.22

per share, which expire on the

fifth

anniversary of their original issuance date.

During its evaluation of equity classification for the common stock warrants, the Company considered the conditions as prescribed within ASC

815

-

40,

Derivatives and Hedging, Contracts in an Entity’s own Equity

(“ASC

815

-

40”

). The conditions within ASC

815

-

40

are

not

subject to a probability assessment. As the Company is obligated to issue a variable number of shares to settle the cumulative dividends on the Series A convertible preferred stock, the Company cannot assert there will be sufficient authorized shares available to settle the warrants issued in connection with the Series A offering. Accordingly, these warrants are classified as liabilities. The Company will continue to classify such warrants as liabilities until they are exercised, expire, or are

no

longer required to be classified as liabilities.

As the fair value of the warrants upon issuance was in excess of the proceeds of the Series A offering, there are

no

proceeds allocated to the Series A convertible preferred stock. The excess fair value of the warrants over the gross proceeds of the Series A offering and the fair value of the warrants granted to its placement agent was

$10.2

million in the aggregate and was recorded as warrant related expenses in the statement of operations for the

six

months ended

June 

30,

2017.

Dividends

The Company shall pay a cumulative preferential dividend on each share of the Series A convertible preferred stock outstanding at a rate of

8.0%

per annum, payable only in shares of common stock, semi-annually in arrears on

April 1

and

October 1

of each year commencing on

October 1, 2017.

This cumulative preferential dividend is

not

subject to declaration. The Company accrued approximately

$0.5

million in dividends for both the

three

and

six

months ended

June 

30,

2017,

respectively.

Voting

Subject to certain preferred stock class votes specified in the Certificate of Designation of Preferences, Rights and Limitations of the Series A Convertible Preferred Stock (the “Certificate of Designation”) or as required by law, the holders of the Series A convertible preferred stock votes together with the holders of common stock as a single class on an adjusted as-converted basis. In accordance with NASDAQ listing rules, in any matter voted on by the holders of our common stock, each share of Series A convertible preferred stock entitles the holder thereof to a number of votes based upon the closing price of our common stock on the NASDAQ Capital Market on the date of issuance of such shares of Series A convertible preferred stock. Accordingly, shares of Series A convertible preferred stock issued in the initial closing of the private placement on

March 14, 2017

are entitled to

0.84874

votes per share and shares of Series A Preferred Stock issued in the final closing of the private placement on

March 31, 2017

are entitled to

0.50627

votes per share, in each case, subject to adjustment as described in the Certificate of Designation.

Liquidation Preference

The Series A convertible preferred stock is senior to the common stock. In the event of a liquidation, dissolution or winding up of the Company, either voluntary or involuntary, or in the event of a deemed liquidation event, which includes a sale of the Company as defined in the Certificate of Designation, the holders of the Series A convertible preferred stock shall be entitled to receive their original investment amount. If upon the occurrence of such event, the assets and funds available for distribution are insufficient to pay such holders the full amount to which they are entitled, then the entire remaining assets and funds legally available for distribution shall be distributed ratably among the holders of the Series A convertible preferred stock in proportion to the full amounts to which they would otherwise be entitled.

Conversion

The Series A convertible preferred stock is convertible, at the holder’s option, into common stock. At the Company’s option, the Series A convertible preferred stock can be converted into common stock upon (a) the

thirty

-day moving average of the closing price of the Company’s common stock exceeding

$8.00

per share, (b) a financing of at least

$10.0

million or (c) upon the majority vote of the voting power of the then outstanding shares of Series A convertible preferred stock. The conversion price of the Series A convertible preferred stock is subject to adjustment as described in the Certificate of Designation.

Upon any conversion, any unpaid dividends shall be payable to the holders of Series A convertible preferred stock. During the

three

months ended

June 30, 2017,

1,926,991

shares of Series A convertible preferred stock were converted into common stock and approximately

$71,000

in accrued dividends were converted into

25,735

shares of common stock.

Make-Whole Provision

Until

March 2020

and subject to certain exceptions, if the Company issues at least

$10.0

million of its common stock or securities convertible into or exercisable for common stock at a per share price less than

$2.02

(such lower price, the “Make-Whole Price”) while any shares of Series A convertible preferred stock remain outstanding, the Company will be required to issue to these holders of Series A convertible preferred stock a number of shares of common stock equal to the additional number of shares of common stock that such shares of Series A convertible preferred stock would be convertible into if the conversion price of such shares was equal to

105%

of the Make-Whole Price (the “Make-Whole Adjustment”). The Make-Whole Adjustment was evaluated and was

not

required to be bifurcated from the Series A convertible preferred stock.

Common Stock Warrants

As of

June 

30,

2017,

the Company had the following warrants outstanding to acquire shares of its common stock:

	Outstanding		Range of exercise price per share
Common stock warrants issued prior to Merger		457,721		$20.00	-	$750.00
Common stock warrants issued in Series A		13,555,887			$2.22
		14,013,608

During the

six

months ended

June 

30,

2017,

3,000

warrants, issued prior to the Merger, expired. These common stock warrants will expire periodically through

2019.

The common stock warrants issued in connection with the

March 2017

Series A private placement expire in

March 2022.

During the

three

and

six

months ended

June 

30,

2017,

the Company recognized a gain of

$23.4

million and an expense of

$2.6

million in warrant related charges associated with the Series A private placement, which consisted primarily of the change in fair value of the common stock warrants from issuance and the excess fair value of the common stock warrants over the gross cash proceeds of the Series A offering.  

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Note 8 - Stock-based Compensation

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2017

Notes to Financial Statements

Disclosure of Compensation Related Costs, Share-based Payments [Text Block]

8. Stock-Based Compensation

2015

Equity Plan

The Diffusion Pharmaceuticals Inc.

2015

Equity Plan, as amended (the

"2015

Equity Plan"), provides for increases to the number of shares reserved for issuance thereunder each

January 1,

equal to

4.0%

of the total shares of the Company’s common stock outstanding as of the immediately preceding

December 31,

unless a lesser amount is stipulated by the Compensation Committee of the Company's Board of Directors. Accordingly,

413,825

shares were added to the reserve as of

January 1, 2017,

which shares

may

be issued in connection with the grant of stock-based awards, including stock options, restricted stock, restricted stock units, stock appreciation rights and other types of awards as deemed appropriate, in each case, in accordance with the terms of the

2015

Equity Plan. As of

June 

30,

2017,

there were

134,291

shares of common stock available for future issuance under the

2015

Equity Plan.

The Company recorded stock-based compensation expense in the following expense categories of its unaudited interim condensed consolidated statements of operations for the periods indicated:

	Three Months Ended June 30,				Six Months Ended June 30,
	2017		2016		2017		2016
Research and development	$	24,072	$	184,051	$	67,404	$	426,328
General and administrative		290,994		154,111		614,045		305,305
Total stock-based compensation expense	$	315,066	$	338,162	$	681,449	$	731,633

The following table summarizes the activity related to all stock option grants to employees and non-employees for the

six

months ended

June 

30,

2017:

	Number of Options			Weighted average exercise price per share		Weighted average remaining contractual life (in years)
Balance at January 1, 2017		2,207,409		$	8.09
Granted		320,041			2.54
Expired		(1,461	)		15.00
Outstanding at June 30, 2017		2,525,989		$	7.38		7.60
Exercisable at June 30, 2017		1,636,919		$	8.80		6.74

Non-employee Stock Options

Non-employee options are remeasured to fair value each period using a Black-Scholes option-pricing model until the options vest. During the

six

months ended

June 

30,

2017,

the Company granted

9,394

stock options to non-employees. The total fair value of non-employee stock options vested during the

three

months ended

June 

30,

2017

and

2016

was approximately

$12,000

and

$0.2

million, respectively. The total fair value of non-employee stock options vesting during the

six

months ended

June 

30,

2017

and

2016

was approximately

$76,000

and

$0.5

million, respectively. At

June 

30,

2017,

there were

23,063

unvested options subject to remeasurement and approximately

$48,000

of unrecognized compensation expense that will be recognized over a weighted-average period of

1.76

years.

Employee Stock Options

During the

six

months ended

June 

30,

2017,

the Company granted

310,647

stock options to employees. The weighted average grant date fair value of stock option awards granted to employees was

$2.17

during the

six

months ended

June 

30,

2017.

During the

three

months ended

June 

30,

2017

and

2016

the Company recognized stock-based compensation expense of

$0.3

million and

$0.1

million, respectively. During the

six

months ended

June 

30,

2017

and

2016,

the Company recognized stock-based compensation expense

$0.6

million and

$0.2

million, respectively.

No

options were exercised during any of the periods presented. At

June 

30,

2017,

there was

$3.1

million of unrecognized compensation expense that will be recognized over a weighted-average period of

5.3

years.

Options granted were valued using the Black-Scholes model and the weighted average assumptions used to value the options granted during the

first

six

months of

2017

were as follows:

Expected term (in years)	5.68
Risk-free interest rate	2.0	%
Expected volatility	114.9	%
Dividend yield	—	%

Restricted Stock Awards

As of

June 

30,

2017,

there were

6,132

unvested shares of restricted stock. During the

three

months ended

June 

30,

2017

and

2016,

there were

1,533

and

1,533

shares that vested, respectively and the Company recognized stock-based compensation expense of approximately

$3,000

and

$3,000,

respectively. During the

six

months ended

June 30, 2017

and

2016,

there were

3,066

and

3,072

shares that vested, respectively and the Company recognized stock-based compensation expense of approximately

$6,000

and

$6,000,

respectively. At

June 

30,

2017,

there was approximately

$12,000

of unrecognized compensation expense that will be recognized over a weighted-average period of

1.0

year.

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Note 9 - Commitments and Contingencies

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2017

Notes to Financial Statements

Commitments and Contingencies Disclosure [Text Block]

9. Commitments and Contingencies

Office Space Rental

The Company leases office and laboratory facilities in Charlottesville, Virginia. On

March 31, 2017,

the Company entered into a lease for its office and laboratory facilities at a new location in Charlottesville, Virginia. During the

three

months ended

June 30, 2017,

the Company capitalized approximately

$0.4

million in leasehold improvements as part of the build out of the new office and laboratory location. Rent expense related to the Company's operating leases for the

three

months ended

June 30, 2017

and

2016

was

$35,500

and

$17,000,

respectively. Rent expense for the

six

months ended

June 30, 2017

and

2016

was

$52,000

and

$33,000,

respectively. For the new operating lease, lease payments commenced on

May 1, 2017

and expire on

April 30, 2022.

The Company will continue to recognize rent expense on a straight-line basis over the lease period and will accrue for rent expense incurred but

not

yet paid. Future minimum rental payments under the Company's new non-cancelable operating lease at

June 

30,

2017

was as follows:

	Rental Commitments
2017	$	55,492
2018		112,354
2019		114,409
2020		116,464
2021		118,519
Thereafter		58,232
Total	$	575,470

Legal Proceedings

On

August 7, 2014,

a complaint was filed in the Superior Court of Los Angeles County, California by Paul Feller, the Company’s former Chief Executive Officer under the caption

Paul Feller v. RestorGenex Corporation, Pro Sports & Entertainment, Inc., ProElite, Inc. and Stratus Media Group, GmbH

(Case

No.

BC553996

). The complaint asserts various causes of action, including, among other things, promissory fraud, negligent misrepresentation, breach of contract, breach of employment agreement, breach of the covenant of good faith and fair dealing, violations of the California Labor Code and common counts. The plaintiff is seeking, among other things, compensatory damages in an undetermined amount, punitive damages, accrued interest and an award of attorneys’ fees and costs. On

December 30, 2014,

the Company filed a petition to compel arbitration and a motion to stay the action. On

April 1, 2015,

the plaintiff filed a petition in opposition to the Company’s petition to compel arbitration and a motion to stay the action. After a hearing for the petition and motion on

April 14, 2015,

the Court granted the Company’s petition to compel arbitration and a motion to stay the action. On

January 8, 2016,

the plaintiff filed an arbitration demand with the American Arbitration Association.

No

arbitration hearing has yet been scheduled. The Company believes this matter is without merit and intends to defend the arbitration vigorously. Because this matter is in an early stage, the Company is unable to predict its outcome and the possible loss or range of loss, if any, associated with its resolution or any potential effect the matter

may

have on the Company’s financial position. Depending on the outcome or resolution of this matter, it could have a material effect on the Company’s financial position.

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Note 10 - Fair Value Measurements

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2017

Notes to Financial Statements

Fair Value Disclosures [Text Block]

10. Fair Value Measurements

Certain assets and liabilities are carried at fair value under GAAP. Fair value is defined as the exchange price that would be received for an asset or paid to transfer a liability (an exit price) in the principal or most advantageous market for the asset or liability in an orderly transaction between market participants on the measurement date. Valuation techniques used to measure fair value must maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs. Financial assets and liabilities carried at fair value are to be classified and disclosed in

one

of the following

three

levels of the fair value hierarchy, of which the

first

two

are considered observable and the last is considered unobservable:

•      Level

1—Quoted

prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities.

•      Level

2—Observable

inputs (other than Level

1

quoted prices), such as quoted prices in active markets for similar assets or liabilities, quoted prices in markets that are

not

active for identical or similar assets or liabilities, or other inputs that are observable or can be corroborated by observable market data.

•      Level

3—Unobservable

inputs that are supported by little or

no

market activity and that are significant to determining the fair value of the assets or liabilities, including pricing models, discounted cash flow methodologies and similar techniques.

      The asset’s or liability’s fair value measurement level within the fair value hierarchy is based on the lowest level of any input that is significant to the fair value measurement.

The following table presents the Company’s assets and liabilities that are measured at fair value on a recurring basis:

	June 30, 2017
	(Level 1)		(Level 2)		(Level 3)
Assets
Cash and cash equivalents	$	7,413,399	$	—	$	—
Certificate of deposit	$	10,000,000
Liabilities
Common stock warrant liability	$	—	$	—	$	24,757,670

	December 31, 2016
	(Level 1)		(Level 2)		(Level 3)
Assets
Cash and cash equivalents	$	1,552,852	$	—	$	—

The reconciliation of the common stock warrant liability measured at fair value on a recurring basis using significant unobservable inputs (Level

3

) is as follows:

	Common Stock Warrant Liability
Balance at December 31, 2016	$	—
Issued in connection with the Series A convertible preferred stock		35,225,846
Change in fair value		(10,468,176	)
Balance at June 30, 2017	$	24,757,670

The common stock warrants issued in connection with the Series A convertible preferred stock are classified as liabilities on the accompanying balance sheet at

June 

30,

2017.

The liability is marked-to-market each reporting period with the change in fair value recorded as either income or expense in the accompanying statements of operations until the warrants are exercised, expire or other facts and circumstances lead the liability to be reclassified to stockholders’ equity. The fair value of the warrant liability is estimated using the Black-Scholes model and assumptions used to value the warrant liability as of

June 30, 2017

were as follows:

Stock price	$	2.33
Exercise price	$	2.22
Expected term (in years)		4.75
Risk-free interest rate		1.9	%
Expected volatility		110.0	%
Dividend yield		—

XML

Note 11 - Subsequent Events

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2017

Notes to Financial Statements

Subsequent Events [Text Block]

11. Subsequent Event

On

July 5, 2017,

the Company entered into a Master Services Agreement ("MSA") with a contract research organization ("CRO") to provide clinical trial services for individual studies and projects by executing individual work orders. The MSA and associated work orders are designed such that quarterly payments are to be made in advance of the work to be performed.

XML

Significant Accounting Policies (Policies)

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2017

Accounting Policies [Abstract]

Basis of Accounting, Policy [Policy Text Block]

Basis of Presentation

The accompanying unaudited interim condensed consolidated financial statements of the Company have been prepared in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (“GAAP”) for interim financial information as found in the Accounting Standard Codification (“ASC”) and Accounting Standards Updates (“ASUs”) of the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”), and with the instructions to Form

10

-Q and Article

10

of Regulation S-

X

of the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”). In the opinion of management, the accompanying unaudited interim condensed consolidated financial statements of the Company include all normal and recurring adjustments (which consist primarily of accruals, estimates and assumptions that impact the financial statements) considered necessary to present fairly the Company’s financial position as of 

June 

30,

2017,

its results of operations for the

three

and

six

months ended

June 

30,

2017

and

2016

and cash flows for the

six

months ended

June 

30,

2017

and

2016.

Operating results for the

six

months ended 

June 

30,

2017

are

not

necessarily indicative of the results that

may

be expected for the year ending

December 

31,

2017.

The unaudited interim condensed consolidated financial statements presented herein do

not

contain the required disclosures under GAAP for annual financial statements. The accompanying unaudited interim condensed consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the annual audited financial statements and related notes as of and for the year ended

December 

31,

2016

filed with the SEC on Form

10

-K on

March 31, 2017.

Use of Estimates, Policy [Policy Text Block]

Use of Estimates

The preparation of the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of assets and liabilities at the date the financial statements and reported amounts of expense during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates. Due to the uncertainty of factors surrounding the estimates or judgments used in the preparation of the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements, actual results

may

materially vary from these estimates. Estimates and assumptions are periodically reviewed and the effects of revisions are reflected in the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements in the period they are deemed necessary.

Cash and Cash Equivalents, Policy [Policy Text Block]

Cash and Cash Equivalents and Certificate of Deposit

The Company considers any highly liquid investments, such as money market funds, with an original maturity of

three

months or less to be cash and cash equivalents. The Company's certificate of deposit has a maturity greater than

three

months but within

one

year of the date of purchase. This certificate of deposit is classified as held-to-maturity, and the estimated fair value of the investment approximates its amortized cost.

Fair Value of Financial Instruments, Policy [Policy Text Block]

Fair Value of Financial Instruments

The carrying amounts of the Company’s financial instruments, including cash equivalents, certificate of deposit, accounts payable, and accrued expenses approximate fair value due to the short-term nature of those instruments. As of each of

June 

30,

2017

and

December 

31,

2016,

the fair value of the Company’s outstanding convertible notes was approximately

$2.6

million. The fair value of the convertible notes is determined using a binomial lattice model that utilizes certain unobservable inputs that fall within Level

3

of the fair value hierarchy.

Offering Costs, Policy [Policy Text Block]

Offering Costs

Offering costs consist principally of legal costs incurred through the balance sheet date related to the Company’s private placement financings and are recognized in other assets on the consolidated balance sheet. At

June 

30,

2017

and

December 31, 2016,

there were

$93,000

and

$0.2

million in deferred offering costs, respectively. These costs are either expensed upon completion of the related financing or offset against the proceeds of the offering, depending upon the accounting treatment of the offering.

Goodwill and Intangible Assets, Intangible Assets, Policy [Policy Text Block]

Intangible Assets and Goodwill

In connection with the Merger, the Company acquired indefinite-lived In-Process Research and Development Assets (“IPR&D”) RES-

529

and RES-

440,

with estimated fair values of

$8.6

million and

$1.0

million, respectively, and recognized

$6.9

million in goodwill. In the

third

quarter of

2016,

the IPR&D asset associated with RES-

440

was abandoned and written down to

$0.

RES-

529

and goodwill are assessed for impairment on each of

October 1

of the Company’s fiscal year or more frequently if impairment indicators exist. The Company has a single reporting unit and all goodwill relates to that reporting unit. There were

no

impairment indicators or impairments to RES-

529

or goodwill during the

three

and

six

months ended

June 30, 2017.

Earnings Per Share, Policy [Policy Text Block]

Net Income (Loss) Per Common Share

For the

three

months ended

June 30, 2017,

the Company used the

two

-class method to compute net income per common share because the Company has issued securities (Series A convertible preferred stock) that entitle the holder to participate in dividends and earnings of the Company. Under this method, net income is reduced by any dividends earned during the period. The remaining earnings (undistributed earnings) are allocated to common stock and the Series A convertible preferred stock to the extent that the Series A convertible preferred stock

may

share in earnings as if all of the earnings for the period had been distributed. The total earnings allocated to common stock is then divided by the number of outstanding shares to which the earnings are allocated to determine the earnings per share. The

two

-class method is

not

applicable during periods with a net loss, as the holders of the convertible preferred stock have

no

obligation to fund losses.

Diluted net income (loss) per common share is computed under the

two

-class method by using the weighted-average number of shares of common stock outstanding, plus, for periods with net income attributable to common stockholders, the potential dilutive effects of stock options, unvested restricted stock, warrants, and convertible debt. In addition, the Company analyzes the potential dilutive effect of the outstanding convertible preferred stock under the “if-converted” method when calculating diluted earnings per share, in which it is assumed that the outstanding convertible preferred stock converts into common stock at the beginning of the period or when issued, if later. The Company reports the more dilutive of the approaches (

two

class or “if-converted”) as its diluted net income per share during the period.

For the periods in which the Company reported a net loss, there was

no

dilutive effect under either the

two

-class or “if-converted” method. For the

three

months ended

June 30, 2017,

the Company presented diluted net income per common share using the

two

-class method, which was more dilutive than the “if-converted” method.

For purposes of calculating diluted loss per common share, the denominator includes both the weighted average common shares outstanding and the number of common stock equivalents if the inclusion of such common stock equivalents would be dilutive. Dilutive common stock equivalents potentially include stock options, unvested restricted stock awards and warrants using the treasury stock method. The diluted loss per common share calculation is also affected by the assumed exercise of the liability classified warrants using the treasury stock method, if dilutive, and adjusting the numerator for the change in fair value of the warrant liability. In addition, the Company considers the potential dilutive impact of its convertible debt instruments using the "if-converted" method.

The following table sets forth the computation of basic and diluted earnings per share:

	Three Months Ended June 30,						Six Months Ended June 30,
	2017			2016			2017			2016
Basic net income (loss) per common share calculation:
Net income (loss)	$	20,387,741		$	(3,806,194	)	$	(8,251,037	)	$	(10,029,359	)
Accretion of Series A cumulative preferred dividends		(487,460	)		—			(546,305	)		—
Undistributed earnings allocated to participating securities		(10,416,153	)		—			—			—
Net income (loss) attributable to common stockholders	$	9,484,128			(3,806,194	)		(8,797,342	)		(10,029,359	)
Weighted average shares outstanding, basic		10,828,063			10,263,703			10,582,521			10,130,042
Net income (loss) per share of common stock, basic	$	0.88		$	(0.37	)	$	(0.83	)	$	(0.99	)
Diluted net income (loss) per common share calculation:
Net income (loss) attributable to common stockholders	$	9,484,128			(3,806,194	)		(8,797,342	)		(10,029,359	)
Change in fair value of warrant liability		(23,387,850	)		—			(10,468,176	)		—
Diluted net loss	$	(13,903,722	)		(3,806,194	)		(19,265,518	)		(10,029,359	)
Weighted average shares outstanding, basic		10,828,063			10,263,703			10,582,521			10,130,042
Shares from dilutive warrants		3,044,569			—			1,756,865			—
Weighted average shares outstanding, diluted		13,872,632			10,263,703			12,339,386			10,130,042
Net income (loss) per share of common stock, diluted	$	(1.00	)	$	(0.37	)	$	(1.56	)	$	(0.99	)

The following potentially dilutive securities outstanding as of

June 

30,

2017

and

2016

have been excluded from the computation of diluted weighted average shares outstanding, as they would be anti-dilutive:

	June 30,
	2017		2016
Convertible debt		774,886		429,161
Convertible preferred stock		10,449,338		—
Common stock warrants		457,721		461,209
Stock options		2,525,989		1,797,812
Unvested restricted stock awards		6,132		12,273
		14,214,066		2,700,455

Amounts in the table reflect the common stock equivalents of the noted instruments.

New Accounting Pronouncements, Policy [Policy Text Block]

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

In

July 

2017,

the FASB issued ASU

2017

-

11,

Earnings Per Share (Topic

260

); Distinguishing Liabilities from Equity (Topic

480

); Derivatives and Hedging (Topic

815

): (Part I) Accounting for Certain Financial Instruments with Down Round Features, (Part II) Replacement of the Indefinite Deferral for Mandatorily Redeemable Financial Instruments of Certain Nonpublic Entities and Certain Mandatorily Redeemable Noncontrolling Interests with a Scope Exception.

The

first

part of this update addresses the complexity of accounting for certain financial instruments with down round features and the

second

part addresses the complexity of distinguishing liabilities from equity. The guidance is applicable to public business entities for fiscal years beginning after

December 15, 2018

and interim periods within those years. The Company is currently evaluating the potential impact of the adoption of this standard on its consolidated results of operations, financial position and cash flows and related disclosures.

In

May 2017,

the FASB issued ASU

No.

2017

-

09,

Modification Accounting for Share-Based Payment Arrangements

, which amends the scope of modification accounting for share-based payment arrangements. The ASU provides guidance on the types of changes to the terms or conditions of share-based payment awards to which an entity would be required to apply modification accounting under ASC

718.

Specifically, an entity would

not

apply modification accounting if the fair value, vesting conditions, and classification of the awards are the same immediately before and after the modification. The guidance is applicable to public business entities for fiscal years beginning after

December 15, 2017

and interim periods within those years. Early adoption is permitted, including adoption in any interim period. The Company does

not

expect this new guidance to have a material impact on its condensed consolidated financial statements.

In

March 

2016,

the FASB issued ASU

2016

-

09,

Compensation – Improvements to Employee Share-Based Payment Accounting

, which simplifies several aspects of the accounting for employee share-based payment transactions including the accounting for income taxes, forfeitures, and statutory tax withholding requirements, as well as classification in the statement of cash flows. The guidance is applicable to public business entities for fiscal years beginning after

December 15, 2016

and interim periods within those years. The Company adopted this standard in

2017

by electing to account for forfeitures in the period that they occur. Under ASU

2016

-

09,

accounting changes adopted using the modified retrospective method must be calculated as of the beginning of the period adopted and reported as a cumulative-effect adjustment. As a result, the Company recognized cumulative-effect adjustment of approximately

$1,000

on

January 1, 2017.

In

February 2016,

the FASB issued ASU

2016

-

02,

Leases (Topic

842

)

. The FASB issued the update to require the recognition of lease assets and liabilities on the balance sheet of lessees. The standard will be effective for fiscal years beginning after

December 

15,

2018,

including interim periods within such fiscal years. The ASU requires a modified retrospective transition method with the option to elect a package of practical expedients. Early adoption is permitted. The Company is currently evaluating the potential impact of the adoption of this standard on its consolidated results of operations, financial position and cash flows and related disclosures.

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Note 3 - Basis of Presentation and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Tables)

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2017

Notes Tables

Schedule of Earnings Per Share, Basic and Diluted [Table Text Block]

	Three Months Ended June 30,						Six Months Ended June 30,
	2017			2016			2017			2016
Basic net income (loss) per common share calculation:
Net income (loss)	$	20,387,741		$	(3,806,194	)	$	(8,251,037	)	$	(10,029,359	)
Accretion of Series A cumulative preferred dividends		(487,460	)		—			(546,305	)		—
Undistributed earnings allocated to participating securities		(10,416,153	)		—			—			—
Net income (loss) attributable to common stockholders	$	9,484,128			(3,806,194	)		(8,797,342	)		(10,029,359	)
Weighted average shares outstanding, basic		10,828,063			10,263,703			10,582,521			10,130,042
Net income (loss) per share of common stock, basic	$	0.88		$	(0.37	)	$	(0.83	)	$	(0.99	)
Diluted net income (loss) per common share calculation:
Net income (loss) attributable to common stockholders	$	9,484,128			(3,806,194	)		(8,797,342	)		(10,029,359	)
Change in fair value of warrant liability		(23,387,850	)		—			(10,468,176	)		—
Diluted net loss	$	(13,903,722	)		(3,806,194	)		(19,265,518	)		(10,029,359	)
Weighted average shares outstanding, basic		10,828,063			10,263,703			10,582,521			10,130,042
Shares from dilutive warrants		3,044,569			—			1,756,865			—
Weighted average shares outstanding, diluted		13,872,632			10,263,703			12,339,386			10,130,042
Net income (loss) per share of common stock, diluted	$	(1.00	)	$	(0.37	)	$	(1.56	)	$	(0.99	)

Schedule of Antidilutive Securities Excluded from Computation of Earnings Per Share [Table Text Block]

	June 30,
	2017		2016
Convertible debt		774,886		429,161
Convertible preferred stock		10,449,338		—
Common stock warrants		457,721		461,209
Stock options		2,525,989		1,797,812
Unvested restricted stock awards		6,132		12,273
		14,214,066		2,700,455

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Note 4 - Acquisition (Tables)

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2017

Notes Tables

Business Combination, Preliminary Purchase Price Consideration [Table Text Block]

Fair value of RestorGenex shares outstanding	$	19,546,000
Estimated fair value of RestorGenex stock options outstanding		1,321,000
Estimated fair value of RestorGenex warrants outstanding		384,000
CVRs – RES-440 product candidate		10,000
Total purchase price	$	21,261,000

Schedule of Recognized Identified Assets Acquired and Liabilities Assumed [Table Text Block]

Cash and cash equivalents	$	8,500,602
Prepaid expenses and other assets		195,200
Property and equipment		57,531
Intangible assets		9,600,000
Goodwill		6,929,258
Accrued liabilities		(377,432	)
Deferred tax liability		(3,644,159	)
Net assets acquired	$	21,261,000

Business Acquisition, Pro Forma Information [Table Text Block]

	Six Months Ended June 30, 2016
Net revenues	$	—
Net loss		(8,464,138	)
Basic and diluted loss per share	$	(0.84	)

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Note 5 - Other Accrued Expenses and Liabilities (Tables)

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2017

Notes Tables

Other Current Liabilities [Table Text Block]

	June 30, 2017		December 31, 2016
Accrued interest payable	$	119,975	$	29,359
Accrued Series A dividends		475,414		—
Accrued payroll and payroll related expenses		251,465		399,740
Accrued professional fees		340,481		72,855
Accrued clinical studies expenses		27,071		220,978
Other accrued expenses		18,290		151,332
Total	$	1,232,696	$	874,264

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Note 6 - Convertible Debt (Tables)

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2017

Notes Tables

Convertible Debt [Table Text Block]

Note	Issue Date	Maturity Date	Conversion Price		Interest Rate			Total Principal
2016 Convertible Notes	9/27/2016	9/27/2017	$	3.50		6.00	%	$	1,880,000
Series B Note	3/15/2011	6/30/2018	$	2.74		1.00	%		550,000
Total principal amount								$	2,430,000

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Note 7 - Convertible Preferred Stock and Common Stock Warrants (Tables)

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2017

Notes Tables

Schedule of Warrants Outstanding to Acquire Shares of Common Stock [Table Text Block]

	Outstanding		Range of exercise price per share
Common stock warrants issued prior to Merger		457,721		$20.00	-	$750.00
Common stock warrants issued in Series A		13,555,887			$2.22
		14,013,608

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Note 8 - Stock-based Compensation (Tables)

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2017

Notes Tables

Schedule of Employee Service Share-based Compensation, Allocation of Recognized Period Costs [Table Text Block]

	Three Months Ended June 30,				Six Months Ended June 30,
	2017		2016		2017		2016
Research and development	$	24,072	$	184,051	$	67,404	$	426,328
General and administrative		290,994		154,111		614,045		305,305
Total stock-based compensation expense	$	315,066	$	338,162	$	681,449	$	731,633

Share-based Compensation, Stock Options, Activity [Table Text Block]

	Number of Options			Weighted average exercise price per share		Weighted average remaining contractual life (in years)
Balance at January 1, 2017		2,207,409		$	8.09
Granted		320,041			2.54
Expired		(1,461	)		15.00
Outstanding at June 30, 2017		2,525,989		$	7.38		7.60
Exercisable at June 30, 2017		1,636,919		$	8.80		6.74

Schedule of Share-based Payment Award, Stock Options, Valuation Assumptions [Table Text Block]

Expected term (in years)	5.68
Risk-free interest rate	2.0	%
Expected volatility	114.9	%
Dividend yield	—	%

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Note 9 - Commitments and Contingencies (Tables)

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2017

Notes Tables

Schedule of Future Minimum Rental Payments for Operating Leases [Table Text Block]

	Rental Commitments
2017	$	55,492
2018		112,354
2019		114,409
2020		116,464
2021		118,519
Thereafter		58,232
Total	$	575,470

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Note 10 - Fair Value Measurements (Tables)

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2017

Notes Tables

Schedule of Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring Basis [Table Text Block]

	June 30, 2017
	(Level 1)		(Level 2)		(Level 3)
Assets
Cash and cash equivalents	$	7,413,399	$	—	$	—
Certificate of deposit	$	10,000,000
Liabilities
Common stock warrant liability	$	—	$	—	$	24,757,670

	December 31, 2016
	(Level 1)		(Level 2)		(Level 3)
Assets
Cash and cash equivalents	$	1,552,852	$	—	$	—

Fair Value, Liabilities Measured on Recurring Basis, Unobservable Input Reconciliation [Table Text Block]

	Common Stock Warrant Liability
Balance at December 31, 2016	$	—
Issued in connection with the Series A convertible preferred stock		35,225,846
Change in fair value		(10,468,176	)
Balance at June 30, 2017	$	24,757,670

Schedule of Stockholders' Equity Note, Warrants or Rights [Table Text Block]

Stock price	$	2.33
Exercise price	$	2.22
Expected term (in years)		4.75
Risk-free interest rate		1.9	%
Expected volatility		110.0	%
Dividend yield		—

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Note 2 - Liquidity (Details Textual) - USD ($)			1 Months Ended	6 Months Ended	10 Months Ended
	May 01, 2017	Mar. 31, 2017	Mar. 31, 2017	Jun. 30, 2017	Jan. 07, 2018
Class of Warrant or Right, Term				4 years 273 days
Class of Warrant or Right, Exercise Price of Warrants or Rights				$ 2.22
Series A Preferred Stock [Member] | Private Placement [Member]
Private Placement Proceeds, Gross			$ 25,000,000
Number of Convertible Preferred Stock Per Unit		1	1
Class of Warrant or Right, Number of Securities Called by Each Warrant or Right		1	1
Temporary Equity, Stock Issued During Period, New Issues			12,376,329
Private Placement Proceeds, Net			$ 22,100,000
Payments of Stock Issuance Costs			$ 2,900,000		$ 2,900,000
Class of Warrant or Right, Granted During Period			1,179,558
Series B Preferred Stock [Member]
Preferred Stock, Intended Par or Stated Value Per Share	$ 0.001
Preferred Stock, Intended Offering Price Per Share	$ 2.10
Number of Convertible Preferred Stock Per Unit	1
Class of Warrant or Right, Term	5 years
Class of Warrant or Right, Number of Securities Called by Each Warrant or Right	1
Maximum Preferred Stock Intended to Be Offered, Value	$ 20,000,000
Class of Warrant or Right, Exercise Price of Warrants or Rights	$ 2.31

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Note 3 - Basis of Presentation and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Details Textual) - USD ($)	3 Months Ended	6 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2017	Jun. 30, 2017	Jan. 01, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016	Sep. 30, 2016	Dec. 15, 2015
Impairment of Long-Lived Assets to be Disposed of	$ 0	$ 0
Deferred Offering Costs	93,000	93,000		$ 200,000
Intangible Assets, Net (Excluding Goodwill)					$ 0
Goodwill	6,929,258	6,929,258		6,929,258		$ 6,900,000
Accounting Standards Update 2016-09 [Member]
Cumulative Effect of New Accounting Principle in Period of Adoption			$ 1,000
RES-529 [Member]
Intangible Assets, Net (Excluding Goodwill)						8,600,000
RES-440 [Member]
Intangible Assets, Net (Excluding Goodwill)						$ 1,000,000
Fair Value, Inputs, Level 3 [Member]
Convertible Debt, Fair Value Disclosures	$ 2,600,000	$ 2,600,000		$ 2,600,000

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Note 3 - Basis of Presentation and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies - Basic and Diluted Earnings Per Share (Details) - USD ($)	3 Months Ended		6 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2017	Jun. 30, 2016	Jun. 30, 2017	Jun. 30, 2016
Net income (loss)	$ 20,387,741	$ (3,806,194)	$ (8,251,037)	$ (10,029,359)
Accretion of Series A cumulative preferred dividends	(487,460)		(546,305)
Undistributed earnings allocated to participating securities	(10,416,153)
Net income (loss) attributable to common stockholders	9,484,128	(3,806,194)	(8,797,342)	(10,029,359)
Net income (loss) attributable to common stockholders	9,484,128	(3,806,194)	(8,797,342)	(10,029,359)
Fair Value Adjustment of Warrants	(23,387,850)		(10,468,176)
Diluted net loss	$ (13,903,722)	$ (3,806,194)	$ (19,265,518)	$ (10,029,359)
Weighted average shares outstanding, basic (in shares)	10,828,063	10,263,703	10,582,521	10,130,042
Net income (loss) per share of common stock, basic (in dollars per share)	$ 0.88	$ (0.37)	$ (0.83)	$ (0.99)
Shares from dilutive warrants	$ 3,044,569		$ 1,756,865
Weighted average shares outstanding, diluted (in shares)	13,872,632	10,263,703	12,339,386	10,130,042
Net income (loss) per share of common stock, diluted (in dollars per share)	$ (1)	$ (0.37)	$ (1.56)	$ (0.99)

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Note 3 - Basis of Presentation and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies - Outstanding Dilutive Securities (Details) - shares	6 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2017	Jun. 30, 2016
Anti-dilutive securities (in shares)	14,214,066	2,700,455
Convertible Debt Securities [Member]
Anti-dilutive securities (in shares)	774,886	429,161
Series A Convertible Preferred Stock [Member]
Anti-dilutive securities (in shares)	10,449,338
Warrant [Member]
Anti-dilutive securities (in shares)	457,721	461,209
Employee Stock Option [Member]
Anti-dilutive securities (in shares)	2,525,989	1,797,812
Restricted Stock [Member]
Anti-dilutive securities (in shares)	6,132	12,273

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Note 4 - Acquisition (Details Textual) - USD ($)		3 Months Ended		6 Months Ended
	Jan. 08, 2016	Jun. 30, 2017	Jun. 30, 2016	Jun. 30, 2017	Jun. 30, 2016
Share-based Compensation				$ 681,449	$ 731,633
Executive Officers [Member]
Severance Costs	$ 3,000,000	$ 0	$ 0	0
Diffusion LLC [Member] | Employee Stock Option [Member]
Share-based Compensation	2,700,000	$ 0	$ 0	$ 0
Diffusion LLC [Member] | Success Fee Agreement Costs [Member]
Payments for Other Fees	$ 1,100,000
Stock Issued During Period, Shares, Issued for Services	46,000
Stock Issued During Period, Value, Issued for Services	$ 500,000
Diffusion LLC [Member] | Acquisition-related Costs [Member]
Business Combination, Acquisition Related Costs					$ 1,600,000

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Note 4 - Acquisition - Purchase Price Consideration (Details) - RestorGenex [Member] - Diffusion LLC [Member]	Jan. 08, 2016 USD ($)
Fair value of RestorGenex shares outstanding	$ 19,546,000
Estimated fair value of RestorGenex stock options outstanding	1,321,000
Estimated fair value of RestorGenex warrants outstanding	384,000
CVRs – RES-440 product candidate	10,000
Total purchase price	$ 21,261,000

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Note 4 - Acquisition - Summary of Assets Acquired and Liabilities Assumed (Details) - USD ($)	Jun. 30, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016	Jan. 08, 2016	Dec. 15, 2015
Goodwill	$ 6,929,258	$ 6,929,258		$ 6,900,000
Diffusion LLC [Member]
Cash and cash equivalents			$ 8,500,602
Prepaid expenses and other assets			195,200
Property and equipment			57,531
Intangible assets			9,600,000
Goodwill			6,929,258
Accrued liabilities			(377,432)
Deferred tax liability			(3,644,159)
Net assets acquired			$ 21,261,000

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Note 4 - Acquisition - Pro Forma Financial Information (Details) - Diffusion LLC [Member]	6 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2016 USD ($) $ / shares
Net revenues
Net loss	$ (8,464,138)
Basic and diluted loss per share (in dollars per share) | $ / shares	$ (0.84)

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Note 5 - Accrued Expenses and Liabilities - Summary of Accrued Expenses (Details) - USD ($)	Jun. 30, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016
Accrued interest payable	$ 119,975	$ 29,359
Accrued Series A dividends	475,414
Accrued payroll and payroll related expenses	251,465	399,740
Accrued professional fees	340,481	72,855
Accrued clinical studies expenses	27,071	220,978
Other accrued expenses	18,290	151,332
Total	$ 1,232,696	$ 874,264

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Note 6 - Convertible Debt (Details Textual)	Jun. 30, 2017 USD ($)
Interest Payable	$ 120,000

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Note 6 - Convertible Debt - Outstanding Convertible Notes (Details)	6 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2017 USD ($) $ / shares
Total principal amount	$ 2,430,000
2016 Convertible Notes [Member]
Maturity Date	Sep. 27, 2017
Conversion Price (in dollars per share) | $ / shares	$ 3.50
Interest Rate	6.00%
Total principal amount	$ 1,880,000
Issue Date	Sep. 27, 2016
Convertible Note Series B [Member]
Maturity Date	Jun. 30, 2018
Conversion Price (in dollars per share) | $ / shares	$ 2.74
Interest Rate	1.00%
Total principal amount	$ 550,000
Issue Date	Mar. 15, 2011

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Note 7 - Convertible Preferred Stock and Common Stock Warrants (Details Textual)			1 Months Ended	3 Months Ended		6 Months Ended		10 Months Ended
	May 01, 2017 $ / shares shares	Mar. 31, 2017 $ / shares shares	Mar. 31, 2017 USD ($) $ / shares shares	Jun. 30, 2017 USD ($) $ / shares $ / item shares	Jun. 30, 2016 USD ($)	Jun. 30, 2017 USD ($) $ / shares $ / item shares	Jun. 30, 2016 USD ($)	Jan. 07, 2018 USD ($)	Mar. 14, 2017 $ / item
Stock Reclassified Upon Conversion of Preferred Stock						$ 70,890
Make-Whole Provision Conversion Price, Percentage						105.00%
Fair Value Adjustment of Warrants				$ (23,387,850)		$ (10,468,176)
Class of Warrant or Right, Exercise Price of Warrants or Rights | $ / shares				$ 2.22		$ 2.22
Class of Warrant or Right, Term						4 years 273 days
Warrant Expense						$ 10,225,846
Dividends						$ 546,305
Maximum [Member]
Convertible Preferred Stock, Conversion Price | shares				2.02		2.02
Class of Warrant or Right, Exercise Price of Warrants or Rights | $ / shares				$ 750		$ 750
Minimum [Member]
Financing Trigger from Issuance of Common Stock				$ 10,000,000		$ 10,000,000
Convertible Preferred Stock, Make-Whole Provision, Proceeds from Issue of Common Stock						$ 10,000,000
Class of Warrant or Right, Exercise Price of Warrants or Rights | $ / shares				$ 20		$ 20
Warrant [Member]
Class of Warrant or Rights, Expired | shares						3,000
Warrant Expense				$ 2,600,000		$ 2,600,000
Private Placement [Member]
Convertible Preferred Stock, Votes Per Share | $ / item				0.50627		0.50627			0.84874
Private Placement [Member] | Warrant [Member]
Class of Warrant or Right, Number of Securities Called by Each Warrant or Right | shares		1	1
Class of Warrant or Right, Exercise Price of Warrants or Rights | $ / shares		$ 2.22	$ 2.22
Class of Warrant or Right, Term		5 years
Warrant Expense						$ 10,200,000
Series A Preferred Stock [Member]
Conversion of Stock, Shares Converted | shares				1,926,991
Stock Reclassified Upon Conversion of Preferred Stock				$ 71,000
Stock Reclassified Upon Conversion of Preferred Stock, Shares | shares				25,735
Preferred Stock, Shares Authorized | shares				13,750,000		13,750,000
Fair Value Adjustment of Warrants				$ 23,400,000		$ 23,400,000
Proceeds from Issuance of Private Placement						0
Dividends						$ 546,305
Series A Preferred Stock [Member] | Maximum [Member]
Convertible Preferred Stock, Make-Whole Provision, Minimum Share Price | $ / shares						$ 8
Series A Preferred Stock [Member] | Private Placement [Member]
Private Placement Proceeds, Gross			$ 25,000,000
Number of Convertible Preferred Stock Per Unit | shares		1	1
Class of Warrant or Right, Number of Securities Called by Each Warrant or Right | shares		1	1
Preferred Stock, Dividend Rate, Percentage		8.00%
Number of Common Stock Per Unit | shares		1
Convertible Preferred Stock, Conversion Price | shares		2.02	2.02
Temporary Equity, Stock Issued During Period, New Issues | shares			12,376,329
Private Placement Proceeds, Net			$ 22,100,000
Payments of Stock Issuance Costs			$ 2,900,000					$ 2,900,000
Class of Warrant or Right, Granted During Period | shares			1,179,558
Dividends				$ 500,000		$ 500,000
Series B Preferred Stock [Member]
Number of Convertible Preferred Stock Per Unit | shares	1
Class of Warrant or Right, Number of Securities Called by Each Warrant or Right | shares	1
Class of Warrant or Right, Exercise Price of Warrants or Rights | $ / shares	$ 2.31
Class of Warrant or Right, Term	5 years
Series B Preferred Stock [Member] | Private Placement [Member] | Placement Agent [Member]
Class of Warrant or Right, Granted During Period | shares			1,179,558
Class of Warrant or Right, Exercise Price of Warrants or Rights | $ / shares		$ 2.22	$ 2.22
Class of Warrant or Right, Term		5 years

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Note 7 - Convertible Preferred Stock and Common Stock Warrants - Warrants Outstanding to Acquire Shares of its Common Stock (Details)	Jun. 30, 2017 $ / shares shares
Common stock warrants, outstanding (in shares) | shares	14,013,608
Exercise price (in dollars per share) | $ / shares	$ 2.22
Minimum [Member]
Exercise price (in dollars per share) | $ / shares	20
Maximum [Member]
Exercise price (in dollars per share) | $ / shares	$ 750
Convertible Preferred Stock Issued Prior to Merger [Member]
Common stock warrants, outstanding (in shares) | shares	457,721
Series A Convertible Preferred Stock [Member]
Common stock warrants, outstanding (in shares) | shares	13,555,887

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Note 8 - Stock-based Compensation (Details Textual) - USD ($)			3 Months Ended		6 Months Ended
	Jan. 01, 2017	Jul. 21, 2016	Jun. 30, 2017	Jun. 30, 2016	Jun. 30, 2017	Jun. 30, 2016
Allocated Share-based Compensation Expense			$ 315,066	$ 338,162	$ 681,449	$ 731,633
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Options, Grants in Period, Gross					320,041
Non-employee Stock Options [Member]
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Options, Nonvested, Number of Shares			23,063		23,063
Employee Service Share-based Compensation, Nonvested Awards, Compensation Not yet Recognized, Stock Options			$ 48,000		$ 48,000
Employee Service Share-based Compensation, Nonvested Awards, Compensation Cost Not yet Recognized, Period for Recognition					1 year 277 days
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Options, Grants in Period, Gross					9,394
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Options, Vested in Period, Fair Value			12,000	200,000	$ 76,000	500,000
Employee Stock Option [Member]
Employee Service Share-based Compensation, Nonvested Awards, Compensation Not yet Recognized, Stock Options			3,100,000		$ 3,100,000
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Options, Grants in Period, Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value					$ 2.17
Allocated Share-based Compensation Expense			$ 300,000	$ 100,000	$ 600,000	$ 200,000
Employee Service Share-based Compensation, Nonvested Awards, Compensation Cost Not yet Recognized, Period for Recognition					5 years 109 days
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Options, Grants in Period, Gross					310,647
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Options, Exercises in Period			0	0	0	0
Restricted Stock [Member]
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Equity Instruments Other than Options, Nonvested, Number			6,132		6,132
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Options, Vested, Number of Shares			1,533	1,533	3,066	3,072
Allocated Share-based Compensation Expense			$ 3,000	$ 3,000	$ 6,000	$ 6,000
Employee Service Share-based Compensation, Nonvested Awards, Compensation Not yet Recognized, Share-based Awards Other than Options			$ 12,000		$ 12,000
Employee Service Share-based Compensation, Nonvested Awards, Compensation Cost Not yet Recognized, Period for Recognition					1 year
Restorgenex Corporation 2015 Equity Incentive Plan [Member]
Percentage of Total Shares Eligible for Plan Reserve, On an Annual Basis		4.00%
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Number of Additional Shares Authorized	413,825
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Number of Shares Available for Grant			134,291		134,291

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Note 8 - Stock-based Compensation - Summary of Stock-based Compensation Expense (Details) - USD ($)	3 Months Ended		6 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2017	Jun. 30, 2016	Jun. 30, 2017	Jun. 30, 2016
Allocated Share-based Compensation Expense	$ 315,066	$ 338,162	$ 681,449	$ 731,633
Research and Development Expense [Member]
Allocated Share-based Compensation Expense	24,072	184,051	67,404	426,328
General and Administrative Expense [Member]
Allocated Share-based Compensation Expense	$ 290,994	$ 154,111	$ 614,045	$ 305,305

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Note 8 - Stock-based Compensation - Stock Option Activity (Details)	6 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2017 $ / shares shares
Balance at January 1, 2017 (in shares) | shares	2,207,409
Balance at January 1, 2017 (in dollars per share) | $ / shares	$ 8.09
Granted (in shares) | shares	320,041
Granted (in dollars per share) | $ / shares	$ 2.54
Expired (in shares) | shares	(1,461)
Expired (in dollars per share) | $ / shares	$ 15
Options outstanding, weighted-average per share exercise price (in dollars per share) | $ / shares	$ 7.38
Options outstanding, weighted-average remaining contractual life (Year)	7 years 219 days
Exercisable at June 30, 2017 (in shares) | shares	1,636,919
Exercisable at June 30, 2017 (in dollars per share) | $ / shares	$ 8.80
Exercisable at June 30, 2017 (Year)	6 years 270 days
Options outstanding (in shares) | shares	2,525,989

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Note 8 - Stock-based Compensation - Share-based Payment Award, Fair Value Assumptions (Details)	6 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2017
Dividend yield
Minimum [Member]
Expected term (in years) (Year)	5 years 248 days
Risk-free interest rate	2.00%
Expected volatility	114.90%

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Note 9 - Commitments and Contingencies (Details Textual) - Charlottesville, Virginia [Member] - USD ($)	3 Months Ended		6 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2017	Jun. 30, 2016	Jun. 30, 2017	Jun. 30, 2016
Leasehold Improvements [Member]
Property, Plant and Equipment, Additions	$ 400,000
Building [Member]
Operating Leases, Rent Expense, Net	$ 35,500	$ 17,000	$ 52,000	$ 33,000

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Note 9 - Commitments and Contingencies - Total Future Operating Lease Obligations (Details)	Jun. 30, 2017 USD ($)
2017	$ 55,492
2018	112,354
2019	114,409
2020	116,464
2021	118,519
Thereafter	58,232
Total	$ 575,470

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Note 10 - Fair Value Measurements - Fair Value on a Recurring Basis (Details) - USD ($)	Jun. 30, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016
Certificate of deposit	$ 10,000,000
Common stock warrant liability	24,757,670
Fair Value, Inputs, Level 1 [Member] | Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring [Member]
Certificate of deposit	10,000,000
Common stock warrant liability
Cash and cash equivalents	7,413,399	$ 1,552,852
Fair Value, Inputs, Level 2 [Member] | Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring [Member]
Certificate of deposit
Common stock warrant liability
Fair Value, Inputs, Level 3 [Member] | Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring [Member]
Certificate of deposit
Common stock warrant liability	$ 24,757,670

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Note 10 - Fair Value Measurements - Reconciliation of Contingent Consideration Liability (Details) - Contingent Consideration [Member]	6 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2017 USD ($)
Issued in connection with the Series A convertible preferred stock	$ 35,225,846
Change in fair value	(10,468,176)
Balance	$ 24,757,670

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Note 10 - Fair Value Measurements - Black -Scholes Model and Assumptions (Details)	6 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2017 $ / shares
Stock price (in dollars per share)	$ 2.33
Exercise price (in dollars per share)	$ 2.22
Expected term (in years) (Year)	4 years 273 days
Risk-free interest rate	1.90%
Expected volatility	110.00%