9) Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets

Goodwill

At December 31, 2018, the carrying value of goodwill was $83,753,000, which included $13,044,000 of goodwill related to its acquisition of Bay View Funding, $32,620,000 from its acquisition of Focus, $13,819,000 from its acquisition of Tri-Valley and $24,270,000 from its acquisition of United American.

Goodwill impairment exists when a reporting unit’s carrying value exceeds its fair value, which is determined through a qualitative assessment whether it is more likely than not that the fair value of equity of the reporting unit exceeds the carrying value (“Step Zero”). If the qualitative assessment indicates it is more likely than not that the fair value of equity of a reporting unit is less than book value, then a quantitative two-step impairment test is required. Step 1 includes the determination of the carrying value of the Company’s single reporting unit, including the existing goodwill and intangible assets, and estimating the fair value of the reporting unit. If the carrying amount of a reporting unit exceeds its fair value, the Company is required to perform a second step to the impairment test. Step 2 requires that the implied fair value of the reporting unit goodwill be compared to the carrying amount of that goodwill. If the carrying amount of the reporting unit goodwill exceeds the implied fair value of that goodwill, an impairment loss shall be recognized in an amount equal to that excess.

The Company completed its annual goodwill impairment analysis as of November 30, 2018 with the assistance of an independent valuation firm. No events or circumstances since the November 30, 2018 annual impairment test were noted that would indicate it was more likely than not a goodwill impairment exists.

Other Intangible Assets

Other intangible assets acquired in the acquisition of United American in May 2018 included a core deposit intangible asset of $5,723,000, amortized on an accelerated method over its estimated useful life of 10 years, and a below market value lease intangible asset of $660,000, amortized over its estimated useful life of 3 years. Accumulated amortization of the core deposit intangible and below market lease was $756,000 at December 31, 2018.

Other intangible assets acquired in the acquisition of Tri-Valley in April 2018 include a core deposit intangible asset of $1,768,000, amortized on an accelerated method over its estimated useful life of 10 years, and a below market value lease intangible asset of $210,000, amortized over its estimated useful life of 11 years. Accumulated amortization of the core deposit intangible and below market lease was $222,000 at December 31, 2018.

The core deposit intangible asset acquired in the acquisition of Focus in August 2015 was $6,285,000. This asset is amortized on an accelerated method over its estimated useful life of 10 years. Accumulated amortization of this intangible asset was $2,770,000 and $1,995,000 at December 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017, respectively.

Other intangible assets acquired in the acquisition of Bay View Funding in November 2014 included a below market value lease intangible assets of $109,000, a non-compete agreement intangible asset of $250,000, and a customer relationship and brokered relationship intangible assets of $1,900,000, amortized over the 10 year estimated useful lives. Accumulated amortization of these intangible assets was $791,000 and $960,000 at December 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017, respectively. The below market lease and non-compete agreement intangible assets were fully amortized at December 31, 2017.

Estimated amortization expense for each of the next five years follows and thereafter is as follows:



	United		United								Bay View Funding
		American		American	Tri-Valley			Tri-Valley	Focus		Customer &
	Core		Below		Core		Below		Core		Brokered		Total
	Deposit		Market		Deposit		Market		Deposit		Relationship		Amortization
Year	Intangible		Lease		Intangible		Lease		Intangible		Intangible		Expense
		(Dollars in thousands)
2019	$	777	$	255	$	240	$	18	$	734	$	190	$	2,214
2020		665		235		208		18		716		190		2,032
2021		602		—		184		18		596		190		1,590
2022		553		—		167		18		502		190		1,430
2023		521		—		158		18		420		190		1,307
Thereafter		2,019		—		603		106		547		159		3,434
	$	5,137	$	490	$	1,560	$	196	$	3,515	$	1,109	$	12,007

Impairment testing of the intangible assets is performed at the individual asset level. Impairment exists if the carrying amount of the asset is not recoverable and exceeds its fair value at the date of the impairment test. For intangible assets, estimates of expected future cash flows (cash inflows less cash outflows) that are directly associated with an intangible asset are used to determine the fair value of that asset. Management makes certain estimates and assumptions in determining the expected future cash flows from core deposit and customer relationship intangibles including account attrition, expected lives, discount rates, interest rates, servicing costs and other factors. Significant changes in these estimates and assumptions could adversely impact the valuation of these intangible assets. If an impairment loss exists, the carrying amount of the intangible asset is adjusted to a new cost basis. The new cost basis is then amortized over the remaining useful life of the asset. Based on its assessment, management concluded that there was no impairment of intangible assets at December 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017.