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Income Taxes
3 Months Ended
Mar. 31, 2014
Income Taxes [Abstract]  
Income Taxes
Note 13. Income Taxes

We account for income taxes in accordance with ASC topic 740, Income Taxes ("ASC 740") which requires that deferred tax assets and liabilities be recognized using enacted tax rates for the effect of temporary differences between the book and tax bases of recorded assets and liabilities. ASC 740 also requires that deferred tax assets be reduced by a valuation allowance if it is more likely than not that a portion of the deferred tax asset will not be realized.

In accordance with Section 382 of the Internal Revenue Code, the amounts of and benefits from net operating loss and tax credit carryforwards may be impaired or limited in certain circumstances. Events which cause limitations in the amount of net operating losses or credits that we may utilize in any one year include, but are not limited to, a cumulative ownership change of more that 50% as defined, over a three year period. As a result of the implementation of Interpretation 48, we recognized $16.4 million of liability for unrecognized tax benefits. Of this amount, none was accounted for as a reduction to balance of retained earnings. The amount decreased tax loss carryforwards in the U.S., which are fully offset by a valuation allowance.

We recognize interest and penalties related to uncertain tax positions in income tax expense. Income tax expense for the three month ended March 31, 2014 includes no interest and penalties. As of March 31, 2014, we have no accrued interest and penalties related to uncertain tax positions. We file income tax returns in the U.S. federal, various states and foreign jurisdictions. We have substantially concluded all U.S. federal and state income tax matters through December 31, 2012.

Provision for income taxes for three months ended March 31, 2014 and 2013 was mostly related to our China subsidiary and our China joint venture operations. We have made a tax election in China whereby certain minimum foreign withholding taxes are treated as an expense and not a tax credit. Besides the state taxes liabilities, no federal income tax benefit or expense has been provided for the three months ended March 31, 2014 or 2013 due to our net loss, our valuation allowance being utilized and uncertainty of future profits in the U.S.