Property, Plant and Equipment

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2021

Property, Plant and Equipment [Abstract]

Property, Plant and Equipment

Note 9 Property, Plant and Equipment

TDS’ Property, plant and equipment in service and under construction, and related accumulated depreciation and amortization, as of December 31, 2021 and 2020, were as follows:

December 31,	Useful Lives (Years)	2021		2020
(Dollars in millions)
Land	N/A	$	62	$	56
Buildings	5-40	541		533
Leasehold and land improvements	1-30	1,476		1,404
Cable and wire	15-40	2,403		2,195
Network and switching equipment	3-10	2,671		2,634
Cell site equipment	7-25	4,150		4,017
Office furniture and equipment	3-10	346		394
Other operating assets and equipment	1-12	176		189
System development	1-7	1,864		1,709
Work in process	N/A	576		528
Total property, plant and equipment, gross		14,265		13,659
Accumulated depreciation and amortization		(9,904)		(9,687)
Total property, plant and equipment, net		$	4,361	$	3,972

Depreciation and amortization expense totaled $851 million, $862 million and $890 million in 2021, 2020 and 2019, respectively. In 2021, 2020 and 2019, (Gain) loss on asset disposals, net included charges of $26 million, $27 million and $12 million, respectively, related to disposals of assets, trade-ins of older assets for replacement assets and other retirements of assets from service in the normal course of business.