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Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Policies)

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2021

The Consolidated Financial Statements include the accounts of Eagle Bancorp, Inc. and its subsidiaries (the “Company”). Active subsidiaries include: EagleBank (the “Bank”), Eagle Insurance Services, LLC, Bethesda Leasing, LLC, and Landroval Municipal Finance, Inc., with all significant intercompany transactions eliminated.

The Consolidated Financial Statements of the Company included herein are unaudited. The Consolidated Financial Statements reflect all adjustments, consisting of normal recurring accruals that in the opinion of management, are necessary to present fairly the results for the periods presented. The amounts as of and for the year ended December 31, 2020 were derived from audited Consolidated Financial Statements. Certain information and note disclosures normally included in financial statements prepared in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (“GAAP”) have been condensed or omitted pursuant to the rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission ("SEC"). In addition to the “Critical Accounting Policies” described below, the Company applies the accounting policies contained in Note 1 to Consolidated Financial Statements included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2020. The Company believes that the disclosures are adequate to make the information presented not misleading. Certain reclassifications have been made to amounts previously reported to conform to the current period presentation.

Nature of Operations

The Company, through the Bank, conducts a full service community banking business, primarily in Northern Virginia, Suburban Maryland, and Washington, D.C. The primary financial services offered by the Bank include real estate, commercial and consumer lending, as well as traditional deposit and repurchase agreement products. The Bank is also active in the origination and sale of residential mortgage loans, the origination of small business loans, and the origination, securitization and sale of multifamily Federal Housing Administration (“FHA”) loans. The guaranteed portion of small business loans, guaranteed by the Small Business Administration (“SBA”), is typically sold to third party investors in a transaction apart from the loan’s origination. The Bank offers its products and services through nineteen banking offices, five lending centers and various electronic capabilities, including remote deposit services and mobile banking services. Eagle Insurance Services, LLC, a subsidiary of the Bank, offers access to insurance products and services through a referral program with a third party insurance broker. Landroval Municipal Finance, Inc., a subsidiary of the Bank, focuses on lending to municipalities by buying debt on the public market as well as direct purchase issuance. Bethesda Leasing, a subsidiary of the Bank, holds title to repossessed real estate.

Use of Estimates

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements. Actual results could differ from those estimates. The allowance for credit losses, the fair value of financial instruments and the status of contingencies are particularly susceptible to significant change.

Risks and Uncertainties

The outbreak of COVID-19 in early 2020 adversely impacted a broad range of industries in which the Company’s customers operate. Vaccinations are readily available to those in the United States and in many other countries. Although management feels we're generally trending in a positive direction and strides have been made in the fight against COVID-19, we remain cautious given the potential for lingering effects of the pandemic, and the uncertainty of vaccination availability and distribution, as well as vaccination efficacy against variants, could continue to impair some customers' ability to fulfill their financial obligations to the Company. The ongoing pandemic caused significant disruptions in the U.S. economy and disrupted banking and other financial activity in the areas in which the Company operates. While there has been no material adverse impact on the Company’s employees and operations to date, COVID-19 could still potentially create business continuity or credit issues for the Company depending on how much longer the pandemic lasts. Much uncertainty regarding the continued spread of COVID-19 (including new variants) and the availability, distribution and use of effective treatments and vaccines remains. Congress, the President, and the Federal Reserve took several actions designed to cushion the economic fallout. Most notably, the Coronavirus Aid, Relief and Economic Security (“CARES”) Act was signed into law at the end of March 2020 as a $2 trillion legislative package. The goal of the CARES Act is to prevent a severe economic downturn through various measures, including direct financial aid to American families and economic stimulus to significantly impacted industry sectors. In addition to the general impact of COVID-19, certain provisions of the CARES Act as well as other follow-up stimulus legislative (including the $1.9 trillion "American Rescue Package") and regulatory relief efforts have had and are expected to continue to have a material impact on the Company’s operations. The impact of the CARES Act as well as the American Rescue Package is still being felt as programs such as the Paycheck Protection Program are still in process and supporting businesses through challenging times.

The Company’s business is dependent upon the willingness and ability of its employees and customers to conduct banking and other financial transactions. The response to control and manage COVID-19 has shown significant progress in many respects. If the response becomes unsuccessful as a result of vaccination distribution as well as vaccine efficacy against variants, the Company could experience a material adverse effect on its business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows. While it is not possible to know the full universe or extent that the impact of COVID-19, and resulting measures to curtail its spread, will have on the Company’s operations, the Company is disclosing potentially material items of which it is aware.

Financial position and results of operations

The Company’s interest income could be reduced due to COVID-19. In keeping with guidance from regulators, the Company has worked with COVID-19 affected borrowers to defer their payments, interest, and fees. While interest and fees will still accrue to income, through normal GAAP accounting, should eventual credit losses on these deferred payments emerge, interest income and fees accrued would need to be reversed. In such a scenario, interest income in future periods could be negatively impacted. At this time the Company is unable to project the full extent of the materiality of such an impact, but recognizes the breadth of the economic impact may affect its borrowers’ ability to repay in future periods.

Capital and liquidity

While the Company believes that it has sufficient capital to withstand an extended economic recession brought about by COVID-19, its reported and regulatory capital ratios can be adversely impacted by credit losses. While we have adjusted our credit loss reserves in 2021 to reflect improving economic conditions, our reported and regulatory capital ratios could be further impacted by additional credit losses, if the economy experiences further volatility (either due to COVID-19 or otherwise). Additionally, the Company decided to call as of August 1, 2021 $150 million in Fixed-to-Floating Subordinated Notes issued on July 26, 2016; discussed further below in Note 8—Long-Term Borrowings. The repayment of the Subordinated Debt is expected to reduce regulatory capital.

The Company maintains access to multiple sources of liquidity. Wholesale funding markets have remained open to us, and rates for short term funding have recently been very low. If funding costs were to become elevated for an extended period of time, it could have an adverse effect on the Company’s net interest margin. If an extended recession caused large numbers of the Company’s customers to withdraw their funds, the Company might become more reliant on volatile or more expensive sources of funding.

Asset valuation

The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic has caused and could continue to cause prolonged volatility and potential declines in the Company’s stock price.

Goodwill is subject to impairment testing at the reporting unit level and must be conducted at least annually. The Company performs impairment testing during the fourth quarter of each year or when events or changes in circumstances indicate the assets might be impaired.

Determining the fair value of a reporting unit under the goodwill impairment test is subjective and often involves the use of significant estimates and assumptions. Estimates of fair value are primarily determined using discounted cash flows, market comparisons and recent transactions. These approaches use significant estimates and assumptions including projected future cash flows, discount rates reflecting the market rate of return, projected growth rates and determination and evaluation of appropriate market comparables. Future events could cause the Company to conclude that goodwill or other intangibles have become impaired, which would result in recording an impairment loss. Any resulting impairment loss could have a material adverse impact on the Company's financial condition and results of operations. The Company determined that there were no triggering events and an impairment analysis was not performed as of June 30, 2021. Annual impairment testing of intangibles and goodwill as required by GAAP will be performed in the fourth quarter of 2021.

Business Continuity Plan

The Company implemented a remote working strategy for many of its employees last year in response to the COVID-19 pandemic. The Company did not incur additional material cost related to its continued deployment of the remote working strategy. As of June 30, 2021, the Company did not identify any material operational or internal control risks, or challenges to its ability to maintain its systems and controls, in light of the measures the Company took to prevent the spread of COVID-19. As concerns over the most severe impacts of the pandemic have abated, the Company expects that a partial return to the workplace may be appropriate starting in the Fall. The return to the workplace will seek to have at least half of the Company's employees in the office each day. As part of the Company’s larger returning to the office strategy, the Company has established general guidelines for returning to the workplace that include having employees maintain safe distances, staggered work schedules to limit the number of employees in a single location, more frequent cleaning of our facilities and other practices encouraging a safe working environment during this challenging time, including required COVID-19 training programs. The Company does not currently face any material resource constraint through the implementation of its business continuity plans. We are monitoring jurisdictional guidelines and will respond as appropriate.

Lending operations and accommodations to borrowers

In response to the COVID-19 pandemic and consistent with regulatory guidance, we also implemented a short-term loan modification program to provide temporary payment relief to certain borrowers who meet the program's qualifications. At June 30, 2021, the Company had no accruing loans 90 days or more past due. The deferred payments along with interest accrued during the deferral period are due and payable on the maturity date of the existing loan. As of June 30, 2021, we had ongoing temporary modifications on approximately 31 loans representing approximately $77 million (approximately 1.1% of total loans) in outstanding balances, as compared to 36 loans representing approximately $72 million (approximately 0.9% of total loans) at December 31, 2020. Additionally, none of the deferrals are reflected in the Company's asset quality measures (i.e. non-performing loans) due to the provision of the CARES Act that permits U.S. financial institutions to temporarily suspend the U.S. GAAP requirements to treat such short-term loan modifications as troubled debt restructurings ("TDRs"). Similar provisions have also been confirmed by interagency guidance issued by the federal banking agencies and confirmed with staff members of the Financial Accounting Standards Board.

The Company actively participated in the Paycheck Protection Program (“PPP”), administered by the Small Business Administration (“SBA”). The PPP loans originated by the Bank generally have two or five-year terms and earn interest at 1% plus fees. The Company believes that the majority of these loans will ultimately be forgiven by the SBA in accordance with the terms of the program. As of June 30, 2021, PPP loans totaled $238.0 million through 537 business loans. The Company understands that loans funded through the PPP program are fully guaranteed by the U.S. government. Should those circumstances change, the Company could be required to provision additional allowance for credit loss through additional credit loss expense charges to earnings. On May 3, 2021, we transacted to sell 849 PPP loans for a total purchase price of $169.0 million. Immediately following this sale, the principal outstanding on PPP loans totaled approximately $378.4 million across 789 loans. We sold another 16 PPP loans on June 28, 2021 for a total purchase price of $816 thousand, amounting to a total of $169.8 million of sales of PPP loans for the quarter. Approximately $180.0 million in SBA principal was forgiven and an additional $18.0 million of loans were originated during the second quarter of 2021. Origination of new loans through the PPP has ceased, and the focus going forward will be on forgiveness.

Credit

The Company is working with customers directly affected by COVID-19. As a result of the current economic environment caused by the COVID-19 pandemic, the Company continues to engage in frequent communication with borrowers

to better understand their situation and the challenges faced, allowing it to respond proactively as needs and issues arise. Should economic conditions worsen, the Company could experience further increases in its required allowance for credit losses (“ACL”) and record additional provision for credit losses. It is possible that the Company’s asset quality measures could worsen at future measurement periods if the effects of COVID-19 are prolonged.

Loans

Loans held for investment are stated at the amount of unpaid principal reduced by deferred income (net of costs). Interest on loans is recognized using the simple-interest method on the daily balances of the principal amounts outstanding. Loan origination fees, net of direct loan origination costs, and commitment fees are deferred and amortized as an adjustment to yield over the life of the loan, or over the commitment period, as applicable.

A loan that has been modified or renewed is considered a TDR when two conditions are met: 1) the borrower is experiencing financial difficulty and 2) concessions are made for the borrower's benefit that would not otherwise be considered for a borrower or transaction with similar credit risk characteristics. The Company offers various types of concessions when modifying a loan. Commercial and industrial loans modified in a TDR often involve temporary interest-only payments, term extensions, and converting revolving credit lines to term loans. Additional collateral, a co-borrower, or a guarantor is often requested. The most common change in terms provided by the Company is an extension of an interest-only term. As of June 30, 2021, all performing TDRs were categorized as interest-only modifications. Refer to the subsection above "Lending operations and accommodations to borrowers" for a discussion on the impact of the CARES Act on TDRs.

A loan is considered past due when a contractually due payment has not been received by the contractual due date. We place a loan on nonaccrual status when there is a clear indication that the borrower’s cash flow may not be sufficient to meet payments as they become due, which is generally when a loan is 90 days past due. When a loan is placed on nonaccrual status, all previously accrued and unpaid interest is reversed as a reduction of current period interest income. Interest income is subsequently recognized on a cash basis as long as the remaining book balance of the asset is deemed to be collectible. If collectability is questionable, then cash payments are applied to principal. A loan is placed back on accrual status when both principal and interest are current and it is probable that we will be able to collect all amounts due (both principal and interest) according to the terms of the loan agreement.

Allowance for Credit Losses- Loans

The ACL is an estimate of the expected credit losses in the loans held for investment portfolio.

ASC 326 requires lifetime expected credit losses to be immediately recognized when a financial asset is originated or purchased. The ACL is a valuation account that is deducted from the amortized cost basis of loans to present the net amount expected to be collected on the loans. Loans, or portions thereof, are charged off against the allowance when they are deemed uncollectible. Expected recoveries do not exceed the aggregate of amounts previously charged-off and expected to be charged- off.

Reserves on loans that do not share risk characteristics are evaluated on an individual basis (nonaccrual, TDR). Nonaccrual loans are specifically reviewed for loss potential and when deemed appropriate are assigned a reserve based on an individual evaluation. The remainder of the portfolio, representing all loans not assigned an individual reserve, is segregated by call report codes (the quarterly required regulatory report otherwise known as form FFIEC 041) and a loan-level probability of default (“PD”) / Loss Given Default (“LGD”) cash flow method with and using an exposure at default (“EAD”) model is applied. These historical loss rates are then modified to incorporate our reasonable and supportable forecast of future losses at the portfolio segment level.

The ACL also includes an amount for inherent risks not reflected in the historical analyses. Relevant factors include, but are not limited to, concentrations of credit risk, changes in underwriting standards, experience and depth of lending staff, and trends in delinquencies.

The Company uses regression analysis of historical internal and peer data (as Company loss data is insufficient) to determine suitable credit loss drivers to utilize when modeling lifetime PD and LGD. This analysis also determines how expected PD will be impacted by different forecasted levels of the loss drivers.

A similar process is employed to calculate a reserve assigned to off-balance sheet commitments, specifically unfunded loan commitments and letters of credit. Any needed reserve is recorded in reserve for unfunded commitments (“RUC”) on the

Consolidated Balance Sheets. For periods beyond which we are able to develop reasonable and supportable forecasts, we revert to the historical loss rate on a straight-line basis over a twelve-month period.

The Company uses a loan level PD/LGD cash flow method with an EAD model to estimate expected credit losses. In accordance with ASC 326, expected credit losses are measured on a collective (pooled) basis for financial assets with similar risk characteristics. The bank groups collectively assessed loans using a call report code. Some unique loan types, such as PPP loans, are grouped separately due to their specific risk characteristics.

For each of these loan segments, the Company generates cash flow projections at the instrument level wherein payment expectations are adjusted for estimated prepayment speeds, PD rates, and LGD rates. The modeling of expected prepayment speeds is based on historical internal data. EAD is based on each instrument's underlying amortization schedule in order to estimate the bank's expected credit loss exposure at the time of the borrower's potential default.

For our cash flow model, management utilizes and forecasts regional unemployment by using a national forecast and estimating a regional adjustment based on historical differences between the two as the loss driver over our reasonable and supportable period of 18 months and reverts back to a historical loss rate over twelve months on a straight-line basis over the loan's remaining maturity. In 2021, unemployment projections have started to recover from elevated levels experienced in 2020 as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic. Unemployment projections materially inform our CECL ("current expected credit loss") economic forecast and resulted in a reduction to our ACL during the six months ended June 30, 2021. Management leverages economic projections from reputable and independent third parties to inform its loss driver forecasts over the forecast period.

While our methodology in establishing the ACL attributes portions of the ACL and RUC to the separate loan pools or segments, the entire ACL and RUC is available to absorb credit losses expected in the total loan portfolio and total amount of unfunded credit commitments, respectively. Portfolio segments are used to pool loans with similar risk characteristics and align with our methodology for measuring expected credit losses.

In addition to quantitative amounts as determined by our valuation models, we apply a qualitative factors overlay that incorporates trends and conditions and factors that the models may not fully capture in our judgement. These qualitative adjustments are evaluated quarterly to ensure these economic factor adjustments remain supportable and current.

The following table presents a breakdown of the provision for credit losses included in our Consolidated Statements of Income for the applicable periods (in thousands):


	Three Months Ended				Six Months Ended
(dollars in thousands)	June 30, 2021		June 30, 2020		June 30, 2021		June 30, 2020
Provision (credit) for credit losses- loans	$	(3,911)	$	19,599	$	(6,172)	$	33,909
Provision (credit) for credit losses- AFS debt securities	55		138		(34)		138
Total provision (credit) for credit losses	$	(3,856)	$	19,737	$	(6,206)	$	34,047

A summary of our primary portfolio segments is as follows:

Commercial. The commercial loan portfolio is comprised of lines of credit and term loans for working capital, equipment, and other business assets across a variety of industries. These loans are used for general corporate purposes including financing working capital, internal growth, and acquisitions; and are generally secured by accounts receivable, inventory, equipment and other assets of our clients’ businesses.

Paycheck Protection Program. The PPP portfolio is comprised of loans issued under the SBA’s Paycheck Protection Program to support small businesses impacted by the pandemic. PPP loans are approved subject to limited underwriting criteria following SBA guidelines, are unsecured, and are fully guaranteed as to principal and interest by the SBA.

Income producing commercial real estate. Income producing commercial real estate loans are comprised of permanent and bridge financing provided to professional real estate owners/managers of commercial and residential real estate projects and properties who have a demonstrated record of past success with similar properties. Collateral properties include apartment buildings, office buildings, hotels, mixed-use buildings, retail, data centers, warehouse, and shopping centers. The primary source of repayment on these loans is generally expected to come from lease or operation of the real property collateral. Income producing commercial real estate loans are impacted by fluctuation in collateral values, as well as rental demand and rates.

Owner occupied – commercial real estate. The owner occupied commercial real estate portfolio is comprised of permanent financing provided to operating companies and their related entities for the purchase or refinance of real property wherein their business operates. Collateral properties include industrial property, office buildings, religious facilities, mixed-use property, health care and educational facilities.

Real Estate Mortgage – Residential. Real estate mortgage residential loans are comprised of consumer mortgages for the purpose of purchasing or refinancing first lien real estate loans secured by primary-residence, second-home, and rental residential real property.

Construction – commercial and residential. The construction commercial and residential loan portfolio is comprised of loans made to builders and developers of commercial and residential property, for both renovation, new construction, and development projects. Collateral properties include apartment buildings, mixed use property, residential condominiums, single and 1-4 residential property, and office buildings. The primary source of repayment on these loans is expected to come from the sale, permanent financing, or lease of the real property collateral. Construction loans are impacted by fluctuations in collateral values and the ability of the borrower or ultimate purchaser to obtain permanent financing.

Construction – commercial and industrial ("C&I") (owner occupied). The construction C&I (owner occupied) portfolio comprises loans to operating companies and their related entities for new construction or renovation of the real or leased property in which they operate. Generally these loans contain provisions for conversion to an owner occupied commercial real estate or to a commercial loan after completion of construction. Collateral properties include industrial, healthcare, religious facilities, restaurants, and office buildings.

Home Equity. The home equity portfolio is comprised of consumer lines of credit and loans secured by subordinate liens on residential real property.

Other Consumer. The other consumer portfolio is comprised of consumer purpose loans not secured by real property, including personal lines of credit and loans, overdraft lines, and vehicle loans. This category also includes other loan items such as overdrawn deposit accounts as well as loans and loan payments in process.

The Company uses several credit quality indicators to manage credit risk in an ongoing manner. The Company’s primary credit quality indicators use an internal credit risk rating system that categorizes loans into pass, watch, special mention, or classified categories. We have several pass credit grades that are assigned to loans based on varying levels of risk, ranging from credits that are secured by cash or marketable securities, to watch credits which have all the characteristics of an acceptable credit risk but warrant more than the normal level of monitoring. Special mention loans are those that are currently protected by the sound worth and paying capacity of the borrower, but that are potentially weak and constitute an additional credit risk. These loans have the potential to deteriorate to a substandard grade due to the existence of financial or administrative deficiencies. Substandard loans have a well-defined weakness or weaknesses that jeopardizes the liquidation of the debt. They are characterized by the distinct possibility that we will sustain some loss if the deficiencies are not corrected. Some substandard loans are inadequately protected by the sound worth and paying capacity of the borrower and of the collateral pledged and may be considered impaired. Substandard loans can be accruing or can be on nonaccrual depending on the circumstances of the individual loans.

Loans classified as doubtful have all the weaknesses inherent in substandard loans with the added characteristics that the weaknesses make collection in full highly questionable and improbable. The possibility of loss is extremely high. All doubtful loans are on nonaccrual.

Classified loans represent the sum of loans graded substandard and doubtful. The methodology used in the estimation of the allowance, which is performed at least quarterly, is designed to be dynamic and responsive to changes in portfolio credit quality and forecasted economic conditions. Changes are reflected in the allowance on collectively assessed and individually assessed loans as the collectability of classified loans is evaluated with new information. As our portfolio has matured, historical loss ratios have been closely monitored. The review of the appropriateness of the allowance is performed by executive management and presented to management committees, Credit Oversight Committee (which replaced Directors Loan Committee), the Audit Committee, and the Board of Directors. The committees' reports to the Board are part of the Board review on a quarterly basis of our consolidated financial statements. When management determines that foreclosure is probable, and for certain collateral-dependent loans where foreclosure is not considered probable, expected credit losses are based on the estimated fair value of the collateral adjusted for selling costs, when appropriate. A loan is considered collateral-dependent when the borrower is experiencing financial difficulty and repayment is expected to be provided substantially through the operation or sale of the collateral.

Expected credit losses are estimated over the contractual term of the loans, adjusted for expected prepayments when appropriate. The contractual term excludes expected extensions, renewals and modifications unless management has a reasonable expectation that a loan will be in a trouble debt restructuring.

We do not measure an ACL on accrued interest receivable balances because these balances are written off in a timely manner as a reduction to interest income when loans are placed on nonaccrual status.

Collateral Dependent Financial Assets

Loans that do not share risk characteristics are evaluated on an individual basis. For collateral dependent financial assets where the Company has determined that foreclosure of the collateral is probable, or where the borrower is experiencing financial difficulty and the Company expects repayment of the financial asset to be provided substantially through the sale of the collateral, the ACL is measured based on the difference between the fair value of the collateral and the amortized cost basis of the asset as of the measurement date. When repayment is expected to be from the operation of the collateral, expected credit losses are calculated as the amount by which the amortized cost basis of the financial asset exceeds the NPV from the operation of the collateral. When repayment is expected to be from the sale of the collateral, expected credit losses are calculated as the amount by which the amortized costs basis of the financial asset exceeds the fair value of the underlying collateral less estimated cost to sell. The ACL may be zero if the fair value of the collateral at the measurement date exceeds the amortized cost basis of the financial asset.

A loan that has been modified or renewed is considered a TDR when two conditions are met: 1) the borrower is experiencing financial difficulty and 2) concessions are made for the borrower's benefit that would not otherwise be considered for a borrower or transaction with similar credit risk characteristics. The Company’s ACL reflects all effects of a TDR when an individual asset is specifically identified as a reasonably expected TDR. The Company has determined that a TDR is reasonably expected no later than the point when the lender concludes that modification is the best course of action and it is at least reasonably possible that the troubled borrower will accept some form of concession from the lender to avoid a default. Reasonably expected TDRs and executed non-performing TDRs are evaluated individually to determine the required ACL. Refer to the subsection above "Lending operations and accommodations to borrowers" for a discussion on the impact of the CARES Act on TDRs.

Allowance for Credit Losses - Available-for-Sale Debt Securities

For AFS debt securities in an unrealized loss position, the Company first assesses whether it intends to sell, or it is more likely than not that it will be required to sell the security before recovery of its amortized cost basis. If either criterion is met, the security’s amortized cost basis is written down to fair value through income. For AFS debt securities that do not meet the aforementioned criteria, the Company evaluates whether the decline in fair value has resulted from credit losses or other factors. In making this assessment, management considers the extent to which fair value is less than amortized cost, any changes to the rating of the security by a rating agency, and adverse conditions specifically related to the security, among other factors. When evaluating whether credit loss exists, accounting guidance requires that the Company not consider the length of time that fair value has been less than amortized cost. If this assessment indicates that a credit loss exists, the present value of cash flows expected to be collected from the security is compared to the amortized cost basis of the security. If the present value of cash flows expected to be collected is less than the amortized cost basis, a credit loss exists and an allowance for credit losses is recorded for the credit loss, limited by the amount that the fair value is less than the amortized cost basis. Any impairment that has not been recorded through an allowance for credit losses is recognized in other comprehensive income. The entire amount of an impairment loss is recognized in earnings only when: (1) the Company intends to sell the security; or (2) it is more likely than not that the Company will have to sell the security before recovery of its amortized cost basis; or (3) the Company does not expect to recover the entire amortized cost basis of the security. In all other situations, only the portion of the impairment loss representing the credit loss must be recognized in earnings, with the remaining portion being recognized in shareholders’ equity as comprehensive income, net of deferred taxes. Changes in the allowance for credit losses are recorded as a provision for (or reversal of) credit losses. Losses are charged against the allowance when management believes the uncollectibility of an AFS security is confirmed or when either of the criteria regarding intent or requirement to sell is met. Any impairment not recorded through an allowance for credit loss is recognized in other comprehensive income as a non-credit-related impairment. The majority of available-for-sale debt securities as of June 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020 were issued by U.S. agencies. However, as of June 30, 2021and December 31, 2020, the allowance for credit losses on AFS securities was $132 thousand and $167 thousand, respectively, based on the Company's determination that part of the unrealized loss positions in AFS corporate and municipal securities could be the result of credit losses. See Note 3 Investment Securities for more information.

We have made a policy election to exclude accrued interest from the amortized cost basis of available-for-sale debt securities and report accrued interest separately in accrued interest and other assets in the Consolidated Balance Sheets. Available-for-sale debt securities are placed on nonaccrual status when we no longer expect to receive all contractual amounts due, which is generally at 90 days past due. Accrued interest receivable is reversed against interest income when a security is placed on nonaccrual status. Accordingly, we do not recognize an allowance for credit loss against accrued interest receivable.

Loan Commitments and Allowance for Credit Losses on Off-Balance Sheet Credit Exposures

Financial instruments include off-balance sheet credit instruments such as commitments to make loans and commercial letters of credit issued to meet customer financing needs. The Company's exposure to credit loss in the event of nonperformance by the other party to the financial instrument for off-balance sheet loan commitments is represented by the contractual amount of those instruments. Such financial instruments are recorded when they are funded.

The Company records a reserve for unfunded commitments (“RUC”) on off-balance sheet credit exposures through a charge to provision for credit loss expense in the Company’s Consolidated Statement of Income. The RUC on off-balance sheet credit exposures is estimated by loan segment at each balance sheet date under the current expected credit loss model using the same methodologies as portfolio loans, taking into consideration the likelihood that funding will occur, and is included in the RUC on the Company’s Consolidated Balance Sheet.

These statements should be read in conjunction with the audited Consolidated Financial Statements and related notes included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2020.

Other New Authoritative Accounting Guidance

Accounting Standards Adopted in 2021:

ASU 2019-12 "Income Taxes (Topic 740)" ("ASU 2019-12") simplifies the accounting for income taxes by removing certain exceptions and improves the consistent application of GAAP by clarifying and amending other existing guidance. ASU 2019-12 became effective for us on January 1, 2021 and did not have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements.

Accounting Standards Pending Adoption:

ASU 2020-4, "Reference Rate Reform (Topic 848)" ("ASU 2020-4") provides optional expedients and exceptions for applying GAAP to loan and lease agreements, derivative contracts, and other transactions affected by the anticipated transition away from LIBOR toward new interest rate benchmarks. For transactions that are modified because of reference rate reform and that meet certain scope guidance (i) modifications of loan agreements should be accounted for by prospectively adjusting the effective interest rate and the modification will be considered "minor" so that any existing unamortized origination fees/ costs would carry forward and continue to be amortized and (ii) modifications of lease agreements should be accounted for as a continuation of the existing agreement with no reassessments of the lease classification and the discount rate or remeasurements of lease payments that otherwise would be required for modifications not accounted for as separate contracts. ASU 2020-4 also provides numerous optional expedients for derivative accounting. ASU 2020-4 is effective March 12, 2020 through December 31, 2022. An entity may elect to apply ASU 2020-4 for contract modifications as of January 1, 2020, or prospectively from a date within an interim period that includes or is subsequent to March 12, 2020, up to the date that the financial statements are available to be issued. Once elected for a Topic or an Industry Subtopic within the Codification, the amendments in this ASU must be applied prospectively for all eligible contract modifications for that Topic or Industry Subtopic. We anticipate this ASU will simplify any modifications we execute between the selected start date (yet to be determined) and December 31, 2022 that are directly related to LIBOR transition by allowing prospective recognition of the continuation of the contract, rather than extinguishment of the old contract resulting in writing off unamortized fees/costs. We do not anticipate that the LIBOR transition or the application of this ASU will have material effects on the Company's business operations and consolidated financial statements.