0001049782-24-000007.txt : 20240227
0001049782-24-000007.hdr.sgml : 20240227
20240227152431
ACCESSION NUMBER: 0001049782-24-000007
CONFORMED SUBMISSION TYPE: 10-K
PUBLIC DOCUMENT COUNT: 156
CONFORMED PERIOD OF REPORT: 20231231
FILED AS OF DATE: 20240227
DATE AS OF CHANGE: 20240227
FILER:
COMPANY DATA:
COMPANY CONFORMED NAME: BROOKLINE BANCORP INC
CENTRAL INDEX KEY: 0001049782
STANDARD INDUSTRIAL CLASSIFICATION: SAVINGS INSTITUTION, FEDERALLY CHARTERED [6035]
ORGANIZATION NAME: 02 Finance
IRS NUMBER: 000000000
STATE OF INCORPORATION: DE
FISCAL YEAR END: 1231
FILING VALUES:
FORM TYPE: 10-K
SEC ACT: 1934 Act
SEC FILE NUMBER: 000-23695
FILM NUMBER: 24685913
BUSINESS ADDRESS:
STREET 1: 131 CLARENDON STREET
CITY: BOSTON
STATE: MA
ZIP: 02116
BUSINESS PHONE: 617-425-4600
MAIL ADDRESS:
STREET 1: 131 CLARENDON STREET
CITY: BOSTON
STATE: MA
ZIP: 02116
10-K
1
brkl-20231231.htm
10-K
brkl-20231231
ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934,
for the Fiscal Year Ended December 31, 2023
Commission File Number: 0-23695
BROOKLINE BANCORP, INC.
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)
Delaware
04-3402944
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)
(I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)
131 Clarendon Street
Boston
MA
02116
(Address of principal executive offices)
(Zip Code)
(617) 425-4600
(Registrant's telephone number, including area code)
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:
Title of Each Class
Trading Symbol(s)
Name of Each Exchange on Which Registered
Common Stock, par value of $0.01 per share
BRKL
Nasdaq Global Select Market
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12 (g) of the Act: None
Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act of 1934. Yes ☐No☒
Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Act of 1934. Yes ☐No☒
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports) and (2) has been subject to such filing requirement for the past 90 days. Yes☒ No ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes☒ No ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or emerging growth company. See the definitions of "large accelerated filer", "accelerated filer", "smaller reporting company", and "emerging growth company" in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.
Large accelerated filer
☒
Accelerated filer
☐
Non-accelerated filer
☐
Smaller Reporting Company
☐
Emerging growth company
☐
If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act.☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has filed a report on and attestation to its management’s assessment of the effectiveness of its internal control over financial reporting under Section 404(b) of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act (15 U.S.C. 7262(b)) by the registered public accounting firm that prepared or issued its audit report. ☒
If securities are registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act, indicate by check mark whether the financial statements of the registrant included in the filing reflect the correction of an error to previously issued financial statements.☐
Indicate by check mark whether any of those error corrections are restatements that required a recovery analysis of incentive-based compensation received by any of the registrant’s executive officers during the relevant recovery period pursuant to
§240.10D-1(b).☐
Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Act). Yes ☐ No ☒
As of June 30, 2023, the last business day of the registrant's most recently completed second fiscal quarter, the aggregate market value of the shares of common stock held by nonaffiliates, based upon the closing price per share of the registrant's common stock as reported on Nasdaq, was approximately $754.4 million.
As of February 27, 2024, there were 96,998,075 and 88,894,577 shares of the registrant's common stock, par value $0.01 per share, issued and outstanding, respectively.
DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE
Portions of the Registrant’s Proxy Statement for the 2024 Annual Meeting of Shareholders are incorporated herein by reference in Part III of this Annual Report on Form 10-K to the extent stated herein. Such proxy statement will be filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission within 120 days of the Registrant’s fiscal year ending December 31, 2023.
Certain statements contained in this Annual Report on Form 10-K that are not historical facts may constitute forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, and are intended to be covered by the safe harbor provisions of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. Forward-looking statements involve risks and uncertainties. These statements, which are based on certain assumptions and describe Brookline Bancorp, Inc.'s (the "Company’s") future plans, strategies and expectations, can generally be identified by the use of the words "may," "will," "should," "could," "would," "plan," "potential," "estimate," "project," "believe," "intend," "anticipate," "expect," "target" and similar expressions. These statements include, among others, statements regarding the Company's intent, belief or expectations with respect to economic conditions, trends affecting the Company's financial condition or results of operations, and the Company's exposure to market, liquidity, interest-rate and credit risk.
Forward-looking statements are based on the current assumptions underlying the statements and other information with respect to the beliefs, plans, objectives, goals, expectations, anticipations, estimates and intentions of management and the financial condition, results of operations, future performance and business are only expectations of future results. Although the Company believes that the expectations reflected in the Company’s forward-looking statements are reasonable, the Company’s actual results could differ materially from those projected in the forward-looking statements as a result of, among other important factors, changes in interest rates; general economic conditions (including inflation and concerns about liquidity) on a national basis or in the local markets in which the Company operates; turbulence in the capital and debt markets; competitive pressures from other financial institutions; changes in consumer behavior due to changing political, business and economic conditions, or legislative or regulatory initiatives; changes in the value of securities and other assets in the Company’s investment portfolio; increases in loan and lease default and charge-off rates; the adequacy of allowances for loan and lease losses; decreases in deposit levels that necessitate increases in borrowing to fund loans and investments; operational risks including, but not limited to, cybersecurity incidents, fraud, natural disasters, and future pandemics; changes in regulation; the possibility that future credit losses may be higher than currently expected due to changes in economic assumptions and adverse economic developments; the risk that goodwill and intangibles recorded in the Company’s financial statements will become impaired; and changes in assumptions used in making such forward-looking statements; and the other risks and uncertainties detailed in Item 1A, "Risk Factors." Forward-looking statements speak only as of the date on which they are made. The Company does not undertake any obligation to update any forward-looking statement to reflect circumstances or events that occur after the date the forward-looking statements are made.
PART I
Item 1. Business
General
Brookline Bancorp, Inc. (the "Company"), a Delaware corporation, is the holding company for Brookline Bank and its subsidiaries, Bank Rhode Island ("BankRI") and its subsidiaries, PCSB Bank and its subsidiaries, and Clarendon Private, LLC (“Clarendon Private”). Brookline Securities Corp, previously a subsidiary of Brookline Bancorp, Inc., was dissolved in November 2023.
Brookline Bank, headquartered in Boston, Massachusetts, has three wholly-owned subsidiaries, Longwood Securities Corp., First Ipswich Insurance Agency, and Eastern Funding LLC ("Eastern Funding"), and operates 29 full-service banking offices and two lending offices in the Greater Boston metropolitan area. In 2020, First Ipswich Bank, formerly a wholly-owned subsidiary of the Company, was merged with and into Brookline Bank.
BankRI, headquartered in Providence, Rhode Island, has three direct subsidiaries, Acorn Insurance Agency, BRI Realty Corp., and BRI Investment Corp. and its wholly-owned subsidiary, BRI MSC Corp., and operates 22 full-service banking offices in the Greater Providence, Rhode Island, area. Macrolease Corporation, previously a subsidiary of BankRI, was merged into Eastern Funding LLC in the second quarter of 2022.
On January 1, 2023, the Company completed its acquisition of PCSB Financial Corporation ("PCSB"), the parent company of PCSB Bank. PCSB Bank, headquartered in Yorktown Heights, New York, operates as a separate subsidiary of the Company. PCSB Bank has one wholly-owned subsidiary, UpCounty Realty Corp., and operates 14 banking offices throughout the Lower Hudson Valley of New York.
The Company, through Brookline Bank, BankRI and PCSB Bank (the "Banks"), offers a wide range of commercial, business and retail banking services, including a full complement of cash management products, on-line banking services, and consumer and residential loans and investment services, designed to meet the financial needs of small- to mid-sized businesses and individuals throughout Central New England and the Lower Hudson Valley in New York. Specialty lending activities, including equipment financing, are focused in the New York and New Jersey metropolitan area, with services offered throughout the United States. As full-service financial institutions, the Banks and their subsidiaries focus on the continued
addition of well-qualified customers, the deepening of long-term banking relationships through a full complement of products and excellent customer service, and strong risk management. Clarendon Private is a registered investment advisor with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the "SEC"). Through Clarendon Private, the Company offers a wide range of wealth management services to individuals, families, endowments and foundations to help these clients meet their long-term financial goals.
The Company's headquarters and executive management are located at 131 Clarendon Street, Boston, Massachusetts 02116, and its telephone number is 617-425-4600.
Overview of Results
The loan and lease portfolio increased $2.0 billion, or 26.1%, to $9.6 billion at December 31, 2023 from $7.6 billion at December 31, 2022. The Company's commercial loan portfolios, which totaled $8.2 billion, or 84.7% of total loans and leases, as of December 31, 2023, increased $1.7 billion, or 27.2%, from $6.4 billion, or 84.0% of total loans and leases, as of December 31, 2022, primarily driven by the acquisition of PCSB.
Total deposits increased $2.0 billion, or 31.1%, to $8.5 billion at December 31, 2023 from $6.5 billion as of December 31, 2022, primarily driven by the acquisition of PCSB. Core deposits, which include demand checking, NOW, money market and savings accounts, increased 15.3% to $6.1 billion as of December 31, 2023 from $5.3 billion at December 31, 2022. The Company's core deposits were 71.3% of total deposits at December 31, 2023, a decrease from 81.0% at December 31, 2022.
The allowance for loan and lease losses increased $19.0 million, or 19.3%, to $117.5 million as of December 31, 2023 from $98.5 million as of December 31, 2022. The ratio of the allowance for loan and lease losses to total loans and leases was 1.22% as of December 31, 2023 compared to 1.29% as of December 31, 2022. Nonperforming assets as of December 31, 2023 were $45.3 million, up from $15.3 million at the end of 2022. Nonperforming assets were 0.40% and 0.17% of total assets as of December 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively.
Net interest income increased $39.9 million, or 13.3%, to $339.7 million in 2023 compared to $299.8 million in 2022. Net interest margin decreased 43 basis points to 3.24% in 2023 from 3.67% in 2022. Net income for 2023 decreased $34.7 million, or 31.7%, to $75.0 million from $109.7 million for 2022. Basic and fully diluted earnings per common share ("EPS") decreased to $0.85 for 2023 from $1.42 for 2022. See Item 7. “Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.”
Competition
The Company provides banking services in the Greater Boston, Massachusetts, Providence, Rhode Island, and New York, New York, metropolitan marketplaces, each of which is dominated by several large national banking institutions. The Company faces considerable competition from banking and non-banking organizations, including traditional banks, online banks, financial technology companies, wealth management companies and others, in its market area for all aspects of banking and related service activities. Competitive factors considered for loan generation include product offerings, interest rates, terms offered, services provided and geographic locations. Competitive factors considered in attracting and retaining deposits include product offerings and rate of return, convenient branch locations and automated teller machines and online access to accounts.
Market Area and Credit Risk Concentration
As of December 31, 2023, the Company, through its Banks, operated 65 full-service banking offices in Greater Boston, Massachusetts, Rhode Island and New York. The Banks' deposits are gathered from the general public, primarily in the communities in which the banking offices are located. Based on June 30, 2023, Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation ("FDIC") statistics, the five largest banks in Massachusetts have an aggregate market share of approximately 68%, the three largest banks in Rhode Island have an aggregate deposit market share of approximately 68%, and the three largest banks in New York have an aggregate deposit market share of approximately 51%. The Banks' lending activities are concentrated primarily in the Greater Boston, Massachusetts, and Providence, Rhode Island, metropolitan areas, eastern Massachusetts, southern New Hampshire, other Rhode Island areas and the Lower Hudson Valley in New York. In addition, the Company, through Eastern Funding, conducts equipment financing activities in the greater New York and New Jersey metropolitan area and elsewhere in the United States.
Commercial real estate loans. Multi-family and commercial real estate mortgage loans typically generate higher yields, but also involve greater credit risk. In addition, many of the Banks' borrowers have more than one multi-family or commercial real estate loan outstanding. The Banks manage this credit risk by prudent underwriting with conservative debt service coverage and loan-to-value ratios at origination; lending to seasoned real estate owners/managers, frequently with personal guarantees of repayment; using reasonable appraisal practices; cross-collateralizing loans to one borrower when deemed prudent; and limiting
the amount and types of construction lending. As of December 31, 2023, the largest commercial real estate relationship in the Company's portfolio was $61.5 million.
Commercial loans and equipment leasing. Brookline Bank originates commercial loans and leases for working capital and other business-related purposes, and concentrate such lending to companies located primarily in Massachusetts, and, in the case of Eastern Funding, on a nationwide basis. BankRI and PCSB Bank originate commercial loans and lines of credit for various business-related purposes, for businesses located primarily in Rhode Island and the Lower Hudson Valley of New York, respectively.
Because commercial loans are typically made on the basis of the borrower's ability to repay from the cash flow of the business, the availability of funds for the repayment of commercial and industrial loans may be significantly dependent on the success of the business itself. Further, the collateral securing the loans may be difficult to value, may fluctuate in value based on the success of the business and may deteriorate over time. For this reason, these loans and leases involve greater credit risk. Loans and leases originated by Eastern Funding generally earn higher yields because the borrowers are typically small businesses with limited capital such as laundries, fitness centers and tow truck operators. The Banks manage the credit risk inherent in commercial lending by requiring strong debt service coverage ratios; limiting loan-to-value ratios; securing personal guarantees from borrowers; and limiting industry concentrations, franchisee concentrations and the duration of loan maturities. As of December 31, 2023, the largest commercial relationship in the Company's portfolio was $65.9 million.
Consumer loans. Retail customers of Brookline Bank typically live and work in the Boston metropolitan area and eastern Massachusetts. Retail customers of BankRI typically live and work throughout Rhode Island. Retail customers of PCSB Bank typically live and work throughout New York. Our consumers value personalized service, local community knowledge and engagement and the choice between branch access and technology solutions. The Banks' consumer loan portfolios, which include residential mortgage loans, home equity loans and lines of credit, and other consumer loans, cater to the borrowing needs of this customer base. Credit risk in these portfolios is managed by limiting loan-to-value ratios at loan origination and by requiring borrowers to demonstrate strong credit histories. As of December 31, 2023, the largest consumer relationship in the Company's portfolio was $67.5 million.
Economic Conditions and Governmental Policies
Repayment of multi-family and commercial real estate loans are generally dependent on the properties generating sufficient income to cover operating expenses and debt service. Repayment of commercial loans and leases generally are dependent on the demand for the borrowers' products or services and the ability of borrowers to compete and operate on a profitable basis. Repayment of residential mortgage loans and home equity loans generally are dependent on the financial well-being of the borrowers and their capacity to service their debt levels. The asset quality of the Company's loan and lease portfolio, therefore, is greatly affected by the economy. Should there be any setback in the economy or increase in the unemployment rates in the Boston, Providence, or New York, metropolitan areas, the resulting negative consequences could affect occupancy rates in the properties financed by the Company and cause certain individual and business borrowers to be unable to service their debt obligations.
Personnel and Human Capital Resources
As of December 31, 2023, the Company had 974 full-time employees and 44 part-time employees. The employees are not represented by a collective bargaining unit and the Company considers its relationship with its employees to be good.
We encourage and support the growth and development of our employees. Continual learning and career development is advanced through ongoing performance and development conversations with employees, internally developed training programs, customized corporate training engagements and educational reimbursement programs.
The safety, health and wellness of our employees is a top priority. On an ongoing basis, we promote the health and wellness of our employees by strongly encouraging work-life balance, offering flexible work schedules, keeping the employee portion of health care premiums to a minimum and sponsoring various wellness programs.
We believe our commitment to living out our core values, actively prioritizing concern for our employees' well-being, supporting our employees' career goals, offering competitive wages and providing valuable fringe benefits aids in retention of our top-performing employees.
As a public company, Brookline Bancorp, Inc. is subject to the informational requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”), and in accordance therewith, files reports, proxy and information statements and other information with the SEC. The Company makes available on or through its internet website, www.brooklinebancorp.com, without charge, its annual reports on Form 10-K, proxy statements, quarterly reports on Form 10-Q, current reports on Form 8-K and amendments to those reports filed or furnished pursuant to Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Exchange Act, as soon as reasonably practicable after such reports are electronically filed with, or furnished to, the SEC. The Company's reports filed with, or furnished to, the SEC are also available at the SEC's website at www.sec.gov. Press releases are also maintained on the Company's website. Additional information for Brookline Bank, BankRI, PCSB Bank, Eastern Funding, and Clarendon Private can be found at www.brooklinebank.com, www.bankri.com, www.pcsb.com, www.easternfunding.com, and www.clarendonprivate.com, respectively. Information on the Company's and any subsidiary's website is not incorporated by reference into this document and should not be considered part of this Report.
The Company's common stock is traded on the Nasdaq Global Select MarketSM under the symbol “BRKL”.
Supervision and Regulation
The following discussion addresses elements of the regulatory framework applicable to bank holding companies and their subsidiaries. This regulatory framework is intended primarily for the protection of the safety and soundness of depository institutions, the federal deposit insurance system, and depositors, rather than for the protection of shareholders of a bank holding company such as the Company.
As a bank holding company, the Company is subject to regulation, supervision and examination by the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System ( the "FRB") under the Bank Holding Company Act of 1956, as amended (the “BHCA”), and by the Massachusetts Commissioner of Banks (the “Commissioner”) under Massachusetts General Laws Chapter 167A. The FRB is also the primary federal regulator of the Banks. In addition, Brookline Bank is subject to regulation, supervision and examination by the Massachusetts Division of Banks (“MDOB”), BankRI is subject to regulation, supervision and examination by the Banking Division of the Rhode Island Department of Business Regulation (the “RIBD”), and PCSB Bank is subject to regulation, supervision and examination by the New York State Department of Financial Services (“NYDFS”).
The following is a summary of certain aspects of various statutes and regulations applicable to the Company and its subsidiaries. This summary is not a comprehensive analysis of all applicable law, and is qualified by reference to the full text of the statutes and regulations referenced below, which may be modified or amended from time to time.
Regulation of the Company
The Company is subject to regulation, supervision and examination by the FRB, which has the authority, among other things, to order bank holding companies to cease and desist from unsafe or unsound banking practices; to assess civil money penalties; and to order termination of non-banking activities or termination of ownership and control of a non-banking subsidiary by a bank holding company.
Source of Strength
Under the BHCA, as amended by the Dodd-Frank Act, the Company is required to serve as a source of financial strength for the Banks in the event of the financial distress of the Banks. This provision of the Dodd-Frank Act codifies the longstanding policy of the FRB. This support may be required at times when the bank holding company may not have the resources to provide the additional financial support required by its subsidiary banks. In the event of a bank holding company's bankruptcy, any commitment by the bank holding company to a federal bank regulatory agency to maintain the capital of a bank subsidiary will be assumed by the bankruptcy trustee and entitled to priority of payment.
Acquisitions and Activities
The BHCA prohibits a bank holding company, without prior approval of the FRB, from acquiring all or substantially all the assets of a bank, acquiring control of a bank, merging or consolidating with another bank holding company, or acquiring direct or indirect ownership or control of any voting shares of another bank or bank holding company if, after such acquisition, the acquiring bank holding company would control more than 5% of any class of the voting shares of such other bank or bank holding company. Further, as a Massachusetts bank holding company, the Company generally must obtain the prior approval of the Massachusetts Board of Bank Incorporation to acquire ownership or control of more than 5% of any voting stock in any other banking institution, acquire substantially all the assets of a bank, or merge with another bank holding company. However, there is an exemption from this approval requirement in certain cases in which the banking institution to be acquired,
simultaneously with the acquisition, merges with a banking institution subsidiary of the Company in a transaction approved by the Commissioner.
The BHCA also generally prohibits a bank holding company from engaging directly or indirectly in activities other than those of banking, managing or controlling banks or furnishing services to its subsidiary banks. However, among other permitted activities, a bank holding company may engage in and may own shares of companies engaged in certain activities that the FRB has determined to be so closely related to banking or managing and controlling banks as to be a proper incident thereto, subject to certain notification requirements.
Limitations on Acquisitions of Company Common Stock
The Change in Bank Control Act prohibits a person or group of persons from acquiring “control” of a bank holding company unless the FRB has been notified and has not objected to the transaction. Under rebuttable presumptions of control established by the FRB, the acquisition of control of voting securities of a bank holding company constitutes an acquisition of control under the Change in Bank Control Act, requiring prior notice to the FRB, if, immediately after the transaction, the acquiring person (or persons acting in concert) will own, control, or hold with power to vote 10% or more of any class of voting securities of the bank holding company, and if either (i) the bank holding company has registered securities under Section 12 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, or (ii) no other person will own, control, or hold the power to vote a greater percentage of that class of voting securities immediately after the transaction.
In addition, the BHCA prohibits any company from acquiring control of a bank or bank holding company without first having obtained the approval of the FRB. Among other circumstances, under the BHCA, a company has control of a bank or bank holding company if the company owns, controls or holds with power to vote 25% or more of a class of voting securities of the bank or bank holding company; controls in any manner the election of a majority of directors or trustees of the bank or bank holding company; or the FRB has determined, after notice and opportunity for hearing, that the company has the power to exercise a controlling influence over the management or policies of the bank or bank holding company. The FRB has established presumptions of control under which the acquisition of control of 5% or more of a class of voting securities of a bank holding company, together with other factors enumerated by the FRB, could constitute the acquisition of control of a bank holding company for purposes of the BHCA.
Regulation of the Banks
Brookline Bank is subject to regulation, supervision and examination by the MDOB and the FRB. BankRI is subject to regulation, supervision and examination by the RIBD and the FRB. PCSB Bank is subject to regulation, supervision and examination by the NYDFS and the FRB. The enforcement powers available to federal and state banking regulators include, among other things, the ability to issue cease and desist or removal orders to terminate insurance of deposits; to assess civil money penalties; to issue directives to increase capital; to place the bank into receivership; and to initiate injunctive actions against banking organizations and institution-affiliated parties.
Deposit Insurance
Deposit obligations of the Banks are insured by the FDIC's Deposit Insurance Fund up to $250,000 per separately insured depositor for deposits held in the same right and capacity.
Deposit insurance premiums are based on assets. For the year ending December 31, 2023, the Banks' FDIC insurance assessments costs were approximately $7.8 million.
The FDIC has the authority to adjust deposit insurance assessment rates at any time. The FDIC is also required to recover losses to its Deposit Insurance Fund arising from the use of the systemic risk exception invoked on March 12, 2023. On November 16, 2023, the FDIC approved a final rule to implement a special assessment to recover such losses. Under the final rule, each insured depository institution’s assessment base for the special assessment is generally equal to estimated uninsured deposits as reported in the Call Report or FFIEC 002 as of December 31, 2022, after applying a $5 billion deduction.
In addition, under the Federal Deposit Insurance Act (the “FDIA”), the FDIC may terminate deposit insurance, among other circumstances, upon a finding that the institution has engaged in unsafe and unsound practices; is in an unsafe or unsound condition to continue operations; or has violated any applicable law, regulation, rule, order or condition imposed by the FDIC.
Cross-Guarantee
Under the cross-guarantee provisions of the FDIA, the FDIC can hold any FDIC-insured depository institution liable for any loss suffered or anticipated by the FDIC in connection with (i) the “default” of a commonly controlled FDIC-insured depository institution; or (ii) any assistance provided by the FDIC to a commonly controlled FDIC-insured depository institution “in danger of default.”
The Banks must seek prior approval from the FRB to acquire another bank or establish a new branch office. Brookline Bank must also seek prior approval from the MDOB to acquire another bank or establish a new branch office, BankRI must also seek prior approval from the RIBD to acquire another bank or establish a new branch office, and PCSB Bank must also seek prior approval from the NYDFS to acquire another bank or establish a new branch office. Well capitalized and well managed banks may acquire other banks in any state, subject to certain deposit concentration limits and other conditions, pursuant to the Riegle-Neal Interstate Banking and Branching Efficiency Act of 1994, as amended by the Dodd-Frank Act. In addition, the Dodd-Frank Act authorizes a state-chartered bank to establish new branches on an interstate basis to the same extent a bank chartered by the host state may establish branches.
Activities and Investments of Insured State-Chartered Banks
The FDIA generally limits the types of equity investments that FDIC-insured state-chartered member banks, such as the Banks, may make and the kinds of activities in which such banks may engage, as a principal, to those that are permissible for national banks. Further, the Gramm-Leach-Bliley Act of 1999 (the “GLBA”) permits state banks, to the extent permitted under state law, to engage through “financial subsidiaries” in certain activities which are permissible for subsidiaries of a financial holding company. In order to form a financial subsidiary, a state-chartered bank must be well capitalized, and must comply with certain capital deduction, risk management and affiliate transaction rules, among other requirements. In addition, the Federal Reserve Act provides that state member banks are subject to the same restrictions with respect to purchasing, selling, underwriting, and holding of investment securities as national banks.
Brokered Deposits
The FDIA and federal regulations generally limit the ability of an insured depository institution to accept, renew or roll over any brokered deposit unless the institution's capital category is “well capitalized” or, with regulatory approval, “adequately capitalized.” Certain depository institutions that have brokered deposits in excess of 10% of total assets will be subject to increased FDIC deposit insurance premium assessments. Additionally, depository institutions considered “adequately capitalized” that need regulatory approval to accept, renew or roll over any brokered deposits are subject to additional restrictions on the interest rate they may pay on deposits. As of December 31, 2023, none of the Banks had brokered deposits in excess of 10% of total assets.
Section 202 of the Economic Growth, Regulatory Relief, and Consumer Protection Act (the "Economic Growth Act"), which was enacted in 2018, amended the FDIA to exempt a capped amount of reciprocal deposits from treatment as brokered deposits for certain insured depository institutions.
The Community Reinvestment Act
The Community Reinvestment Act (“CRA”) requires the FRB to evaluate each of the Banks with regard to their performance in helping to meet the credit needs of the communities each of the Banks serve, including low and moderate-income neighborhoods, consistent with safe and sound banking operations, and to take this record into consideration when evaluating certain applications. The FRB's CRA regulations are generally based upon objective criteria of the performance of institutions under three key assessment tests: (i) a lending test, to evaluate the institution's record of making loans in its service areas; (ii) an investment test, to evaluate the institution's record of investing in community development projects, affordable housing, and programs benefiting low- or moderate-income individuals and businesses; and (iii) a service test, to evaluate the institution's delivery of services through its branches, ATMs, and other offices. Failure of an institution to receive at least a “satisfactory” rating could inhibit the Banks or the Company from undertaking certain activities, including engaging in activities permitted as a financial holding company under GLBA and acquisitions of other financial institutions. Each Bank has achieved a rating of “satisfactory” on its most recent CRA examination. Massachusetts, Rhode Island and New York have adopted specific community reinvestment requirements which are substantially similar to those of the FRB. On October 23, 2023, the FDIC approved changes to its CRA regulations, maintaining the existing CRA ratings but modifying the evaluation framework to replace the existing tests generally applicable to banks with at least $2 billion in assets (the lending, investment, and service tests) with four new tests and associated performance metrics. The new CRA regulations will become effective on January 1, 2026.
Federal law limits a bank's authority to extend credit to directors and executive officers of the bank or its affiliates and persons or companies that own, control or have power to vote more than 10% of any class of securities of a bank or an affiliate of a bank, as well as to entities controlled by such persons. Among other things, extensions of credit to insiders are required to be made on terms that are substantially the same as, and follow credit underwriting procedures that are not less stringent than, those prevailing for comparable transactions with unaffiliated persons. Also, the terms of such extensions of credit may not involve more than the normal risk of repayment or present other unfavorable features and may not exceed certain limitations on the amount of credit extended to such persons, individually and in the aggregate, which limits are based, in part, on the amount of the bank's capital.
Capital Adequacy and Safety and Soundness
Regulatory Capital Requirements
The FRB has issued risk-based and leverage capital rules applicable to U.S. banking organizations such as the Company and the Banks. These rules are intended to reflect the relationship between the banking organization's capital and the degree of risk associated with its operations based on transactions recorded on-balance sheet as well as off-balance sheet items. The FRB may from time to time require that a banking organization maintain capital above the minimum levels discussed below, due to the banking organization's financial condition or actual or anticipated growth.
The capital adequacy rules define qualifying capital instruments and specify minimum amounts of capital as a percentage of assets that banking organizations are required to maintain. Common equity Tier 1 capital generally includes common stock and related surplus, retained earnings and, in certain cases and subject to certain limitations, minority interest in consolidated subsidiaries, less goodwill, other non-qualifying intangible assets and certain other deductions. Tier 1 capital for banks and bank holding companies generally consists of the sum of common equity Tier 1 elements, non-cumulative perpetual preferred stock, and related surplus in certain cases and subject to limitations, minority interests in consolidated subsidiaries that do not qualify as common equity Tier 1 capital, less certain deductions. Tier 2 capital generally consists of hybrid capital instruments, perpetual debt and mandatory convertible debt securities, cumulative perpetual preferred stock, term subordinated debt and intermediate-term preferred stock, and, subject to limitations, allowances for loan losses. The sum of Tier 1 and Tier 2 capital less certain required deductions represents qualifying total risk-based capital. Prior to the effectiveness of certain provisions of the Dodd-Frank Act, bank holding companies were permitted to include trust preferred securities and cumulative perpetual preferred stock in Tier 1 capital, subject to limitations. However, the FRB's capital rule applicable to bank holding companies permanently grandfathers nonqualifying capital instruments, including trust preferred securities, issued before May 19, 2010 by depository institution holding companies with less than $15 billion in total assets as of December 31, 2009, subject to a limit of 25% of Tier 1 capital. In addition, under rules that became effective January 1, 2015, accumulated other comprehensive income (positive or negative) must be reflected in Tier 1 capital; however, the Company was permitted to make a one-time, permanent election to continue to exclude accumulated other comprehensive income from capital. The Company has made this election.
Under the capital rules, risk-based capital ratios are calculated by dividing common equity Tier 1, Tier 1, and total risk capital, respectively, by risk-weighted assets. Assets and off-balance sheet credit equivalents are assigned to one of several categories of risk-weights, based primarily on relative risk. Under the FRB's rules, the Company and the Banks are each required to maintain a minimum common equity Tier 1 capital ratio requirement of 4.5%, a minimum Tier 1 capital ratio requirement of 6.0%, a minimum total capital requirement of 8.0% and a minimum leverage ratio requirement of 4.0%. Additionally, these rules require an institution to establish a capital conservation buffer of common equity Tier 1 capital in an amount above the minimum risk-based capital requirements for "adequately capitalized" institutions of more than 2.5% of total risk weighted assets, or face restrictions on the ability to pay dividends, pay discretionary bonuses, and to engaged in share repurchases.
A bank holding company, such as the Company, is considered "well capitalized" if the bank holding company (i) has a total risk based capital ratio of at least 10.0%, (ii) has a Tier 1 risk-based capital ratio of at least 6.0%, and (iii) is not subject to any written agreement order, capital directive or prompt corrective action directive to meet and maintain a specific capital level for any capital measure. In addition, under the FRB's prompt corrective action rules, a state member bank is considered “well capitalized” if it (i) has a total risk-based capital ratio of 10.0% or greater; (ii) a Tier 1 risk-based capital ratio of 8.0% or greater; (iii) a common Tier 1 equity ratio of at least 6.5% or greater, (iv) a leverage capital ratio of 5.0% or greater; and (v) is not subject to any written agreement, order, capital directive, or prompt corrective action directive to meet and maintain a specific capital level for any capital measure. The FRB also considers: (i) concentrations of credit risk; (ii) interest rate risk; and (iii) risks from non-traditional activities, as well as an institution's ability to manage those risks. When determining the adequacy of an institution's capital, this evaluation is a part of the institution's regular safety and soundness examination. Each of the Banks is currently considered well-capitalized under all regulatory definitions.
Generally, a bank, upon receiving notice that it is not adequately capitalized (i.e., that it is “undercapitalized”), becomes subject to the prompt corrective action provisions of Section 38 of FDIA that, for example, (i) restrict payment of capital distributions and management fees, (ii) require that its federal bank regulator monitor the condition of the institution and its efforts to restore its capital, (iii) require submission of a capital restoration plan, (iv) restrict the growth of the institution's assets, and (v) require prior regulatory approval of certain expansion proposals. A bank that is required to submit a capital restoration plan must concurrently submit a performance guarantee by each company that controls the bank. A bank that is “critically undercapitalized” (i.e., has a ratio of tangible equity to total assets that is equal to or less than 2.0%) will be subject to further restrictions, and generally will be placed in conservatorship or receivership within 90 days.
The Banks are considered “well capitalized” under the FRB's prompt corrective action rules and the Company is considered “well capitalized” under the FRB's rules applicable to bank holding companies.
Safety and Soundness Standards
Guidelines adopted by the federal bank regulatory agencies pursuant to the FDIA establish general standards relating to internal controls and information systems, internal audit systems, loan documentation, credit underwriting, interest rate exposure, asset growth, asset quality, earnings and compensation, fees and benefits. In general, these guidelines require, among other things, appropriate systems and practices to identify and manage the risk and exposures specified in the guidelines. The guidelines prohibit excessive compensation as an unsafe and unsound practice and describe compensation as excessive when the amounts paid are unreasonable or disproportionate to the services performed by an executive officer, employee, director or principal stockholder. In addition, the federal banking agencies adopted regulations that authorize, but do not require, an agency to order an institution that has been given notice by an agency that it is not satisfying any of such safety and soundness standards to submit a compliance plan. If, after being so notified, an institution fails to submit an acceptable compliance plan or fails in any material respect to implement an acceptable compliance plan, the agency must issue an order directing action to correct the deficiency and may issue an order restricting asset growth, requiring an institution to increase its ratio of tangible equity to assets or directing other actions of the types to which an undercapitalized institution is subject under the “prompt corrective action” provisions of FDIA. See “- Regulatory Capital Requirements” above. If an institution fails to comply with such an order, the agency may seek to enforce such order in judicial proceedings and to impose civil money penalties.
Dividend Restrictions
The Company is a legal entity separate and distinct from the Banks. The revenue of the Company (on a parent company only basis) is derived primarily from dividends paid to it by the Banks. The right of the Company, and consequently the right of shareholders of the Company, to participate in any distribution of the assets or earnings of the Banks through the payment of such dividends or otherwise is subject to the prior claims of creditors of the Banks (including depositors), except to the extent that certain claims of the Company in a creditor capacity may be recognized.
Restrictions on Bank Holding Company Dividends
The FRB has authority to prohibit bank holding companies from paying dividends if such payment is deemed to be an unsafe or unsound practice. The FRB has indicated generally that it may be an unsafe or unsound practice for bank holding companies to pay dividends unless the bank holding company's net income for the prior year is sufficient to fund the dividends and the expected rate of earnings retention is consistent with the organization's capital needs, asset quality and overall financial condition. Further, under the FRB's capital rules, the Company's ability to pay dividends will be restricted if it does not maintain the required capital conservation buffer. See “Capital Adequacy and Safety and Soundness-Regulatory Capital Requirements” above.
Restrictions on Bank Dividends
The FRB has the authority to use its enforcement powers to prohibit a bank from paying dividends if, in its opinion, the payment of dividends would constitute an unsafe or unsound practice. Federal law also prohibits the payment of dividends by a bank that will result in the bank failing to meet its applicable capital requirements on a pro forma basis. In addition, a state member bank may not declare or pay a dividend: (i) if the total of all dividends declared during the calendar year, including the proposed dividend, exceeds the sum of the bank's net income during the current calendar year and the retained net income of the prior two calendar years; or (ii) that would exceed its undivided profits; in either case, unless the dividend has been approved by the FRB. Payment of dividends by a bank is also restricted pursuant to various state regulatory limitations.
Certain Transactions by Bank Holding Companies with their Affiliates
There are various statutory restrictions on the extent to which bank holding companies and their non-bank subsidiaries may borrow, obtain credit from or otherwise engage in “covered transactions” with their insured depository institution subsidiaries. An insured depository institution (and its subsidiaries) may not lend money to, or engage in covered transactions
with, its non-depository institution affiliates if the aggregate amount of covered transactions outstanding involving the bank, plus the proposed transaction, exceeds the following limits: (i) in the case of any one such affiliate, the aggregate amount of covered transactions of the insured depository institution and its subsidiaries cannot exceed 10% of the capital stock and surplus of the insured depository institution; and (ii) in the case of all affiliates, the aggregate amount of covered transactions of the insured depository institution and its subsidiaries cannot exceed 20% of the capital stock and surplus of the insured depository institution. For this purpose, “covered transactions” are defined by statute to include a loan or extension of credit to an affiliate, a purchase of or investment in securities issued by an affiliate, a purchase of assets from an affiliate unless exempted by the FRB, the acceptance of securities issued by an affiliate as collateral for a loan or extension of credit to any person or company, the issuance of a guarantee, acceptance or letter of credit on behalf of an affiliate, securities borrowing or lending transactions with an affiliate that creates a credit exposure to such affiliate, or a derivatives transaction with an affiliate that creates a credit exposure to such affiliate. Covered transactions are also subject to certain collateral security requirements. Covered transactions as well as other types of transactions between a bank and a bank holding company must be conducted under terms and conditions, including credit standards, that are at least as favorable to the bank as prevailing market terms. Section 106 of the Bank Holding Company Act Amendment of 1970 provides that, to further competition, a bank holding company and its subsidiaries are prohibited from engaging in certain tying arrangements in connection with any extension of credit, lease or sale of property of any kind, or the furnishing of any service. As of and for the year ending December 31, 2023, there were no such transactions.
Enhanced Prudential Supervision
None of the Banks currently have $10 billion or more of total consolidated assets, but it is possible that one of them may in the near future. In addition, with the merger of PCSB Financial Corporation with and into the Company effective January 1, 2023, the Banks, together with their affiliates, had assets exceeding $10 billion. The Dodd-Frank Act and other federal banking laws subject companies with $10 billion or more of consolidated assets to additional regulatory requirements. Section 1075 of the Dodd-Frank Act, commonly known as the “Durbin Amendment”, amended the Electronic Fund Transfer Act to restrict the amount of interchange fees that may be charged and prohibit network exclusivity for debit card transactions. The Banks are required to begin complying with the restrictions on interchange fees by July 1, 2024, which may negatively impact future payment network fees.
In addition, Section 619 of the Dodd-Frank Act, commonly known as the “Volcker Rule”, which generally prohibits banking entities from engaging in proprietary trading and from acquiring or retaining an ownership interest in or sponsoring certain types of investment funds, does not apply to an insured depository institution if it, and every company that controls it, has total consolidated assets of $10 billion or less and consolidated trading assets and liabilities that are 5% or less of consolidated assets. While each Bank had total consolidated assets of less than $10 billion as of December 31, 2023, the Company, which controls the Banks, has total consolidated assets in excess of $10 billion as of December 31, 2023. The Banks were subject to the Volcker Rule in 2023, and they remain subject to it now. However, we do not anticipate that becoming subject to the Volcker Rule will significantly impact the operations of the Company and the Banks.
Finally, Section 1025 of the Dodd-Frank Act provides that the CFPB has authority to examine any insured depository institution with total assets of more than $10 billion and any affiliate thereof. None of the Banks had, as of December 31, 2023, or has total assets of more than $10 billion.
Consumer Protection Regulation
The Company and the Banks are subject to a number of federal and state laws designed to protect consumers and prohibit unfair or deceptive business practices. These laws include the Equal Credit Opportunity Act, Fair Housing Act, Home Ownership Protection Act, Fair Credit Reporting Act, as amended by the Fair and Accurate Credit Transactions Act of 2003 (the “FACT Act”), GLBA, Truth in Lending Act ("TILA"), the CRA, the Home Mortgage Disclosure Act, Real Estate Settlement Procedures Act, National Flood Insurance Act and various state law counterparts. These laws and regulations mandate certain disclosure requirements and regulate the manner in which financial institutions must interact with customers when taking deposits, making loans, collecting loans and providing other services. Further, the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau ("CFPB") also has a broad mandate to prohibit unfair, deceptive or abusive acts and practices and is specifically empowered to require certain disclosures to consumers and draft model disclosure forms. Failure to comply with consumer protection laws and regulations can subject financial institutions to enforcement actions, fines and other penalties. The FRB examines the Banks for compliance with CFPB rules and enforces CFPB rules with respect to the Banks.
The Dodd-Frank Act prescribes certain standards that mortgage lenders must consider before making a residential mortgage loan, including verifying a borrower's ability to repay such mortgage loan, and allows borrowers to assert violations of certain provisions of the TILA as a defense to foreclosure proceedings. Additionally, the CFPB's qualified mortgage rule requires creditors, such as the Banks, to make a reasonable good faith determination of a consumer's ability to repay any consumer credit transaction secured by a dwelling prior to making the loan.
The GLBA requires financial institutions to implement policies and procedures regarding the disclosure of nonpublic personal information about consumers to nonaffiliated third parties. In general, the Banks must provide their customers with an annual disclosure that explains their policies and procedures regarding the disclosure of such nonpublic personal information and, except as otherwise required or permitted by law, the Banks are prohibited from disclosing such information except as provided in such policies and procedures. If the financial institution only discloses information under exceptions from the GLBA that do not require an opt out to be provided and if there has been no change in the financial institutions privacy policies and procedures since its most recent disclosures provide to customers, an annual disclosure is not required to be provided by the financial institution. The GLBA also requires that the Banks develop, implement and maintain a comprehensive written information security program designed to ensure the security and confidentiality of customer information (as defined under GLBA), to protect against anticipated threats or hazards to the security or integrity of such information and to protect against unauthorized access to or use of such information that could result in substantial harm or inconvenience to any customer. The Banks are also required to send a notice to customers whose “sensitive information” has been compromised if unauthorized use of this information is “reasonably possible.” Most of the states, including the states where the Banks operate, have enacted legislation concerning breaches of data security and the duties of the Banks in response to a data breach. Congress continues to consider federal legislation that would require consumer notice of data security breaches. Pursuant to the FACT Act, the Banks must also develop and implement a written identity theft prevention program to detect, prevent, and mitigate identity theft in connection with the opening of certain accounts or certain existing accounts. Additionally, the FACT Act amended the Fair Credit Reporting Act to generally prohibit a person from using information received from an affiliate to make a solicitation for marketing purposes to a consumer, unless the consumer is given notice and a reasonable opportunity and method to opt out of the making of such solicitations.
Anti-Money Laundering
The Bank Secrecy Act
Under the Bank Secrecy Act (“BSA”), a financial institution is required to have systems in place to detect certain transactions, based on the size and nature of the transaction. Financial institutions are generally required to report to the United States Treasury any cash transactions involving at least $10,000. In addition, financial institutions are required to file suspicious activity reports for any transaction or series of transactions that involve more than $5,000 and which the financial institution knows, suspects or has reason to suspect involves illegal funds, is designed to evade the requirements of the BSA or has no lawful purpose. The Uniting and Strengthening America by Providing Appropriate Tools Required to Intercept and Obstruct Terrorism Act of 2001 (the “USA PATRIOT Act”), which amended the BSA, is designed to deny terrorists and others the ability to obtain anonymous access to the U.S. financial system. The USA PATRIOT Act, together with the implementing regulations of various federal regulatory agencies, has caused financial institutions, such as the Banks, to adopt and implement additional policies or amend existing policies and procedures with respect to, among other things, anti-money laundering compliance, suspicious activity, currency transaction reporting, customer identity verification and customer risk analysis. In evaluating an application to acquire a bank or to merge banks or effect a purchase of assets and assumption of deposits and other liabilities, the applicable federal banking regulator must consider the anti-money laundering compliance record of both the applicant and the target. In addition, under the USA PATRIOT Act, financial institutions are required to take steps to monitor their correspondent banking and private banking relationships as well as, if applicable, their relationships with “shell banks.”
Office of Foreign Assets Control
The U.S. has imposed economic sanctions that affect transactions with designated foreign countries, nationals and others. These sanctions, which are administered by the U.S. Treasury's Office of Foreign Assets Control (“OFAC”), take many different forms. Generally, however, they contain one or more of the following elements: (i) restrictions on trade with or investment in a sanctioned country, including prohibitions against direct or indirect imports from and exports to a sanctioned country and prohibitions on “U.S. persons” engaging in financial or other transactions relating to a sanctioned country or with certain designated persons and entities; (ii) a blocking of assets in which the government or specially designated nationals of the sanctioned country have an interest, by prohibiting transfers of property subject to U.S. jurisdiction (including property in the possession or control of U.S. persons); and (iii) restrictions on transactions with or involving certain persons or entities. Blocked assets (for example, property and bank deposits) cannot be paid out, withdrawn, set off or transferred in any manner without a license from OFAC. Failure to comply with these sanctions could have serious legal and reputational consequences for the Company. As of December 31, 2023, the Company did not have any transactions with sanctioned countries, nationals, and others.
Before deciding to invest in us or deciding to maintain or increase your investment, you should carefully consider the risks described below, in addition to the other information contained in this report and in our other filings with the SEC. The risks and uncertainties described below and in our other filings are not the only ones facing us. Additional risks and uncertainties not presently known to us or that we currently deem immaterial may also affect our business. If any of these known or unknown risks or uncertainties actually occur, our business, financial condition and results of operations could be seriously harmed. In that event, the market price for our common stock could decline and you may lose your investment.
RISKS RELATED TO OUR BUSINESS AND INDUSTRY
The possibility of the economy’s return to recessionary conditions and the possibility of further turmoil or volatility in the financial markets would likely have an adverse effect on our business, financial position, and results of operations.
The economy in the United States and globally has experienced volatility in recent years and may continue to experience such volatility for the foreseeable future. There can be no assurance that economic conditions will not worsen. Unfavorable or uncertain economic conditions can be caused by declines in economic growth, business activity, or investor or business confidence, limitations on the availability or increases in the cost of credit and capital, increases in inflation or interest rates, the timing and impact of changing governmental policies, natural disasters, climate change, epidemics, future pandemics, terrorist attacks, acts of war, or a combination of these or other factors. A worsening of business and economic conditions could have adverse effects on our business, including the following:
•investors may have less confidence in the equity markets in general and in financial services industry stocks in particular, which could place downward pressure on our stock price and resulting market valuation;
•economic and market developments may further affect consumer and business confidence levels and may cause declines in credit usage and adverse changes in payment patterns, causing increases in delinquencies and default rates;
•our ability to assess the creditworthiness of our customers may be impaired if the models and approaches we use to select, manage, and underwrite loans become less predictive of future behaviors;
•we could suffer decreases in demand for loans or other financial products and services or decreased deposits or other investments in accounts with us;
•competition in the financial services industry could intensify as a result of the increasing consolidation of financial services companies in connection with current market conditions or otherwise; and
•the value of loans and other assets or collateral securing loans may decrease.
Our business may be adversely affected by changes in economic conditions in our market area.
We primarily serve individuals and businesses located in the Greater Boston metropolitan area, eastern Massachusetts, Rhode Island, the Lower Hudson Valley in New York, and the Greater New York and New Jersey metropolitan area. Our success is largely dependent on local and regional economic conditions. Unlike other larger institutions, we are not able to spread the risks of unfavorable local economic conditions across a large number of diversified economies. An economic downturn could, therefore, result in losses that materially and adversely affect our business. Recessionary economic conditions, increased unemployment, inflation, a decline in real estate values or other factors beyond our control may adversely affect the ability of our borrowers to repay their loans, and could result in higher loan and lease losses and lower net income for us.
In addition, deterioration or defaults made by issuers of the underlying collateral of our investment securities may cause additional credit-related other-than-temporary impairment charges to our income statement. Our ability to borrow from other financial institutions or to access the debt or equity capital markets on favorable terms or at all could be adversely affected by disruptions in the capital markets or other events, including actions by rating agencies and deteriorating investor expectations.
Changes to interest rates could adversely affect our results of operations and financial condition.
Our consolidated results of operations depend, on a large part, on net interest income, which is the difference between (i) interest income on interest-earning assets, such as loans, leases and securities, and (ii) interest expense on interest-bearing liabilities, such as deposits and borrowed funds. As a result, our earnings and growth are significantly affected by interest rates, which are subject to the influence of economic conditions generally, both domestic and foreign, to events in the capital markets and also to the monetary and fiscal policies of the United States and its agencies, particularly the FRB. The nature and timing of any changes in such policies or general economic conditions and their effect on us cannot be controlled and are extremely difficult to predict. An increase in interest rates could also have a negative impact on our results of operations by reducing the ability of borrowers to repay their current loan obligations, which could not only result in increased loan defaults, foreclosures
and charge-offs, but also necessitate further increases to our allowances for loan losses. A decrease in interest rates may trigger loan prepayments, which may serve to reduce net interest income if we are unable to lend those funds to other borrowers or invest the funds at the same or higher interest rates.
Inflationary pressures and rising prices may affect our results of operations and financial condition.
Inflation continued at elevated levels in 2023. Inflationary pressures, including the impact of recent increases in inflation, may remain elevated in 2024. Small to medium-sized businesses may be impacted more during periods of high inflation as they are not able to leverage economics of scale to mitigate cost pressures compared to larger businesses. Consequently, the ability of our business customers to repay their loans may deteriorate, and in some cases this deterioration may occur quickly, which would adversely impact our results of operations and financial condition. Furthermore, a prolonged period of inflation could cause wages and other costs increase, which could adversely affect our results of operations and financial condition.
We face significant and increasing competition in the financial services industry.
We operate in a highly competitive environment that includes financial and non-financial services firms, including traditional banks, online banks, financial technology companies, wealth management companies and others. These companies compete on the basis of, among other factors, size, quality and type of products and services offered, price, technology and reputation. Emerging technologies have the potential to intensify competition and accelerate disruption in the financial services industry. In recent years, non-financial services firms, such as financial technology companies, have begun to offer services traditionally provided by financial institutions. These firms attempt to use technology and mobile platforms to enhance the ability of companies and individuals to borrow money, save and invest. Our ability to compete successfully depends on a number of factors, including our ability to develop and execute strategic plans and initiatives; to develop competitive products and technologies; and to attract, retain and develop a highly skilled employee workforce. If we are not able to compete successfully, we could be placed at a competitive disadvantage, which could result in the loss of customers and market share, and our business, results of operations and financial condition could suffer.
Our business may be adversely affected if we fail to adapt our products and services to evolving industry standards and consumer preferences.
The financial services industry is undergoing rapid technological changes with frequent introductions of new technology driven products and services. The widespread adoption of new technologies, including payment systems, could require substantial expenditures to modify or adapt our existing products and services as the introduction of new or modified products and services can entail significant time and resources. We might not be successful in developing or introducing new products and services, integrating new products or services into our existing offerings, responding or adapting to changes in consumer behavior, preferences, spending, investing and/or saving habits, achieving market acceptance of our products and services, reducing costs in response to pressures to deliver products and services at lower prices or sufficiently developing and maintaining loyal customers.
Development of new products services and technologies may impose additional costs on us and may expose us to increased operational risk.
The introduction of new products and services can entail significant time and resources, including regulatory approvals. Substantial risks and uncertainties are associated with the introduction of new products and services, including technical and control requirements that may need to be developed and implemented, rapid technological change in the industry, our ability to access technical and other information from its clients, the significant and ongoing investments required to bring new products and services to market in a timely manner at competitive prices and the preparation of marketing, sales and other materials that fully and accurately describe the product or service and its underlying risks. Our failure to manage these risks and uncertainties also exposes it to enhanced risk of operational lapses which may result in the recognition of financial statement liabilities. Regulatory and internal control requirements, capital requirements, competitive alternatives, vendor relationships and shifting market preferences may also determine if such initiatives can be brought to market in a manner that is timely and attractive to our clients. Products and services relying on internet and mobile technologies may expose us to fraud and cybersecurity risks. Implementation of certain new technologies, such as those related to artificial intelligence, automation and algorithms, may have unintended consequences due to their limitations, potential manipulation, or our failure to use them effectively. Failure to successfully manage these risks in the development and implementation of new products or services could have a material adverse effect on our business and reputation, as well as on its consolidated results of operations and financial condition.
If our allowance for credit losses is not sufficient to cover actual loan and lease losses, our earnings may decrease.
We periodically make a determination of an allowance for credit losses based on available information, including, but not limited to, the quality of the loan and lease portfolio as indicated by trends in loan risk ratings, payment performance, economic conditions, the value of the underlying collateral and the level of nonaccruing and criticized loans and leases. Management
relies on its loan officers and credit quality reviews, its experience and its evaluation of economic conditions, among other factors, in determining the amount of provision required for the allowance for credit losses. Provisions to this allowance result in an expense for the period. If, as a result of general economic conditions, previously incorrect assumptions, or an increase in defaulted loans or leases, we determine that additional increases in the allowance for credit losses are necessary, additional expenses may be incurred.
Determining the allowance for credit losses inherently involves a high degree of subjectivity and requires us to make significant estimates of current credit risks and trends, all of which may undergo material changes. We cannot be sure that we will be able to identify deteriorating credits before they become nonperforming assets or that we will be able to limit losses on those loans and leases that are identified. We have in the past been, and in the future may be, required to increase our allowance for credit losses for any of several reasons. State and federal regulators, in reviewing our loan and lease portfolio as part of a regulatory examination, may request that we increase the allowance for credit losses. Changes in economic conditions or individual business or personal circumstances affecting borrowers, new information regarding existing loans and leases, identification of additional problem loans and leases and other factors, both within and outside of our control, may require an increase in the allowance for credit losses. Any increases in the allowance for credit losses may result in a decrease in our net income and, possibly, our capital, and could have an adverse effect on our financial condition and results of operations.
Our loan and lease portfolios include commercial real estate mortgage loans and commercial loans and leases, including equipment leases, which are generally riskier than other types of loans.
Our commercial real estate and commercial loan and lease portfolios, including equipment leases, currently comprise 84.7% of total loans and leases. Payments on loans secured by commercial real estate are often dependent on the income produced by the underlying properties which, in turn, depends on the successful operation and management of the properties and the businesses that operate within them. Accordingly, repayment of these loans is subject to conditions in the real estate market or the local economy. The COVID-19 pandemic has had a potentially long-term negative impact on certain commercial real estate assets due to the risk that tenants may reduce the office space they lease as some portion of the workforce continues to work remotely on a hybrid or full-time basis. Commercial loans and leases generally carry larger balances and involve a higher risk of nonpayment or late payment than residential mortgage loans. Most commercial loans and leases are secured by borrower business assets such as accounts receivable, inventory, equipment and other fixed assets. Compared to real estate, these types of collateral are more difficult to monitor, harder to value, may depreciate more rapidly and may not be as readily saleable if repossessed. Repayment of commercial loans and leases is largely dependent on the business and financial condition of borrowers. Business cash flows are dependent on the demand for the products and services offered by the borrower's business. Such demand may be reduced when economic conditions are weak or when the products and services offered are viewed as less valuable than those offered by competitors. Because of the risks associated with commercial real estate and commercial loans and leases, including equipment leases, we may experience higher rates of default than if the portfolio were more heavily weighted toward residential mortgage loans. While we seek to minimize these risks in a variety of ways, there can be no assurance that these measures will protect against credit-related losses.
Environmental liability associated with our lending activities could result in losses.
In the course of business, we may acquire, through foreclosure, properties securing loans originated or purchased that are in default. Particularly in commercial real estate lending, there is a risk that material environmental violations could be discovered on these properties. In this event, we might be required to remedy these violations at the affected properties at our sole cost and expense. The cost of remedial action could substantially exceed the value of affected properties. We may not have adequate remedies against the prior owner or other responsible parties and could find it difficult or impossible to sell the affected properties. These events could have an adverse effect on our financial condition and results of operations.
Our securities portfolio performance in difficult market conditions could have adverse effects on our results of operations.
Unrealized losses on investment securities result from changes in credit spreads and liquidity issues in the marketplace, along with changes in the credit profile of individual securities issuers. Under GAAP, we are required to review our investment portfolio periodically for the presence of impairment of our securities, taking into consideration current and future market conditions, the extent and nature of changes in fair value, issuer rating changes and trends, volatility of earnings, current analysts' evaluations, our ability and intent to hold investments until a recovery of fair value, as well as other factors. Adverse developments with respect to one or more of the foregoing factors may require us to deem particular securities to be impaired, with the credit-related portion of the reduction in the value recognized as a charge to our earnings through an allowance. Subsequent valuations, in light of factors prevailing at that time, may result in significant changes in the values of these securities in future periods. Any of these factors could require us to recognize further impairments in the value of our securities portfolio, which may have an adverse effect on our results of operations in future periods.
The fair value of our investment securities can fluctuate due to factors outside of our control.
Factors beyond our control can significantly influence the fair value of securities in our portfolio and can cause potential adverse changes to the fair value of these securities. These factors include, but are not limited to, rating agency actions with respect to individual securities, defaults by the issuer or with respect to the underlying securities, and changes in market interest rates and continued instability in the capital markets. For example, in 2023, inflation and rapid increases in interest rates led to a decline in the trading value of previously issued government securities with interest rates below current market interest rates. Any of these factors, among others, could cause other-than-temporary impairments and realized and/or unrealized losses in future periods and declines in other comprehensive income, which could materially and adversely affect our business, results of operations, financial condition and prospects. The process for determining whether impairment of a security is other than-temporary usually requires complex, subjective judgments about the future financial performance and liquidity of the issuer and any collateral underlying the security in order to assess the probability of receiving all contractual principal and interest payments on the security. Significant negative changes to valuations could result in impairments in the value of our securities portfolio, which could have an adverse effect on our financial condition or results of operations.
Potential downgrades of U.S. government securities by one or more of the credit ratings agencies could have a material adverse effect on our operations, earnings and financial condition.
A possible future downgrade of the sovereign credit ratings of the U.S. government and a decline in the perceived creditworthiness of U.S. government-related obligations could impact our ability to obtain funding that is collateralized by affected instruments, as well as affect the pricing of that funding when it is available. A downgrade may also adversely affect the market value of such instruments. We cannot predict if, when or how any changes to the credit ratings or perceived creditworthiness of these organizations will affect economic conditions. Such ratings actions could result in a significant adverse impact on us. Among other things, a downgrade in the U.S. government’s credit rating could adversely impact the value of our securities portfolio and may trigger requirements that we post additional collateral for trades relative to these securities. A downgrade of the sovereign credit ratings of the U.S. government or the credit ratings of related institutions, agencies or instruments could significantly exacerbate the other risks to which we are subject and any related adverse effects on the business, financial condition and results of operations.
The replacement of LIBOR may adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.
LIBOR has been used extensively in the United States as a benchmark for various commercial and financial contracts, including funding sources, adjustable rate mortgages, corporate debt, interest rate swaps and other derivatives. LIBOR was set based on interest rate information reported by certain banks, which stopped reporting such information after June 30, 2023 (although certain U.S. dollar LIBOR settings will continue to be published using a synthetic methodology until September 2024). Other benchmarks may perform differently than LIBOR or may have other consequences that cannot currently be anticipated. The transition from LIBOR to another benchmark rate or rates, such as the Secured Overnight Financing Rate, or "SOFR", could have adverse impacts on our funding costs or net interest margins, as well as any floating-rate obligations, loans, deposits, derivatives, and other financial instruments that currently use LIBOR as a benchmark rate and, ultimately, adversely affect our financial condition and results of operations.
We are subject to liquidity risk, which could negatively affect our funding levels.
Market conditions or other events could negatively affect our access to or the cost of funding, affecting our ongoing ability to accommodate liability maturities and deposit withdrawals, meet contractual obligations, or fund asset growth and new business initiatives at a reasonable cost, in a timely manner and without adverse consequences.
Although we maintain a liquid asset portfolio and have implemented strategies to maintain sufficient and diverse sources of funding to accommodate planned, as well as unanticipated, changes in assets, liabilities, and off-balance sheet commitments under various economic conditions, a substantial, unexpected, or prolonged change in the level or cost of liquidity could have a material adverse effect on us. If the cost effectiveness or the availability of supply in these credit markets is reduced for a prolonged period of time, our funding needs may require us to access funding and manage liquidity by other means. These alternatives may include generating client deposits, securitizing or selling loans, extending the maturity of wholesale borrowings, borrowing under certain secured borrowing arrangements, using relationships developed with a variety of fixed income investors, and further managing loan growth and investment opportunities. These alternative means of funding may result in an increase to the overall cost of funds and may not be available under stressed conditions, which would cause us to liquidate a portion of our liquid asset portfolio to meet any funding needs.
Loss of deposits or a change in deposit mix could increase our cost of funding.
Deposits are a low cost and stable source of funding. We compete with banks and other financial institutions for deposits. Funding costs may increase if we lose deposits and are forced to replace them with more expensive sources of funding, if clients shift their deposits into higher cost products or if we need to raise interest rates to avoid losing deposits. Higher funding costs reduce our net interest margin, net interest income and net income.
Wholesale funding sources may prove insufficient to replace deposits at maturity and support our operations and future growth.
We and our banking subsidiaries must maintain sufficient funds to respond to the needs of depositors and borrowers. To manage liquidity, we draw upon a number of funding sources in addition to core deposit growth and repayments and maturities of loans and investments. These sources include Federal Home Loan Bank advances, proceeds from the sale of investments and loans, and liquidity resources at the holding company. Our ability to manage liquidity will be severely constrained if we are unable to maintain access to funding or if adequate financing is not available to accommodate future growth at acceptable costs. In addition, if we are required to rely more heavily on more expensive funding sources to support future growth, our revenues may not increase proportionately to cover our costs. In this case, operating margins and profitability would be adversely affected. Turbulence in the capital and credit markets may adversely affect our liquidity and financial condition and the willingness of certain counterparties and customers to do business with us.
Potential deterioration in the performance or financial position of the Federal Home Loan Bank ("FHLB") of Boston and New York might restrict our funding needs and may adversely impact our financial condition and results of operations.
Significant components of our liquidity needs are met through our access to funding pursuant to our membership in the FHLB. The FHLB is a cooperative that provides services to its member banking institutions. The primary reason for joining the FHLB is to obtain funding. The purchase of stock in the FHLB is a requirement for a member to gain access to funding. Any deterioration in the FHLB’s performance or financial condition may affect our ability to access funding and/or require us to deem the required investment in FHLB stock to be impaired. If we are not able to access funding through the FHLB, we may not be able to meet our liquidity needs, which could have an adverse effect on our results of operations or financial condition. Similarly, if we deem all or part of our investment in FHLB stock impaired, such action could have an adverse effect on our financial condition or results of operations.
Adverse developments affecting the financial services industry, such as actual events or concerns involving liquidity, defaults, or non-performance by financial institutions or transactional counterparties, could adversely affect our financial condition and results of operations.
Actual events involving limited liquidity, defaults, non-performance or other adverse developments that affect financial institutions, transactional counterparties or other companies in the financial services industry or the financial services industry generally, or concerns or rumors about any events of these kinds or other similar risks, have in the past and may in the future lead to market-wide liquidity problems. For example, on May 1, 2023, First Republic Bank went into receivership and its deposits and substantially all of its assets were acquired by JPMorgan Chase Bank, National Association. Similarly, on March 10, 2023, Silicon Valley Bank went into receivership, and on March 12, 2023, Signature Bank went into receivership. On March 12, 2023, the Secretary of the Treasury invoked the systemic risk exception to allow the FDIC to complete its resolution of both Silicon Valley Bank and Signature Bank in a manner that fully protected depositors.
Inflation and rapid increases in interest rates led to a decline in the trading value of previously issued government securities with interest rates below current market interest rates. The FRB announced a program to provide loans to FDIC-insured depository institutions and certain U.S. branches and agencies of foreign banks secured by certain of such government securities to mitigate the risk of potential losses on the sale of such instruments. Currently new advances (with terms up to one year) under the program can only be made through March 11, 2024. There is no guarantee that the Secretary of the Treasury, FDIC and/or FRB, as applicable, will take such actions in the future in the event of the closure of other banks or financial institutions, that they would do so in a timely fashion or that such actions, if taken, would have their intended effect.
The soundness of other financial institutions could adversely affect us.
Our ability to engage in routine funding transactions could be adversely affected by the actions and commercial soundness of other financial institutions. Financial services institutions are interrelated as a result of trading, clearing, counterparty and other relationships. We have exposure to many different counterparties, and we routinely execute transactions with counterparties in the financial industry, including brokers and dealers, other commercial banks, investment banks, mutual and hedge funds, and other financial institutions. As a result, defaults by, or even rumors or questions about, one or more financial services institutions, or the financial services industry generally, could lead to market-wide liquidity problems and losses or defaults by us or by other institutions and organizations. Many of these transactions expose us to credit risk in the event of default of our counterparty or client. In addition, our credit risk may be exacerbated when the collateral held by us cannot be
liquidated or is liquidated at prices not sufficient to recover the full amount of the financial instrument exposure due to us. There is no assurance that any such losses would not materially and adversely affect our results of operations.
Damage to our reputation could significantly harm our business, including our competitive position and business prospects.
We are dependent on our reputation within our market area, as a trusted and responsible financial services company, for all aspects of our business with customers, employees, vendors, third-party service providers, and others, with whom we conduct business or potential future businesses. Negative public opinion about the financial services industry generally (including the types of banking and other services that we provide) or us specifically could adversely affect our reputation and our ability to keep and attract customers and employees. Our actual or perceived failure to address various issues could give rise to negative public opinion and reputational risk that could cause harm to us and our business prospects. These issues include, but are not limited to, legal and regulatory requirements; properly maintaining customer and employee personal information; record keeping; money-laundering; sales and trading practices; ethical issues; appropriately addressing potential conflicts of interest; and the proper identification of the legal, reputational, credit, liquidity and market risks inherent in our products. Failure to appropriately address any of these issues could also give rise to additional regulatory restrictions and legal risks, which could, among other consequences, increase the size and number of litigation claims and damages asserted or subject us to enforcement actions, fines and penalties and cause us to incur related costs and expenses.
The proliferation of social media websites utilized by us and other third parties, as well as the personal use of social media by our employees and others, including personal blogs and social network profiles, also may increase the risk that negative, inappropriate or unauthorized information may be posted or released publicly that could harm our reputation or have other negative consequences, including as a result of our employees interacting with our customers in an unauthorized manner in various social media outlets. Any damage to our reputation could affect our ability to retain and develop the business relationships necessary to conduct business, which in turn could negatively impact our financial condition, results of operations, and the market price of our common stock.
We may be unable to attract and retain qualified key employees, which could adversely affect our business prospects, including our competitive position and results of operations.
Our success is dependent upon our ability to attract and retain highly skilled individuals. There is significant competition for those individuals with the experience and skills required to conduct many of our business activities. We may not be able to hire or retain the key personnel that we depend upon for success. The unexpected loss of services of one or more of these or other key personnel could have a material adverse impact on our business because of their skills, knowledge of the markets in which we operate, years of industry experience and the difficulty of promptly finding qualified replacement personnel. Frequently, we compete in the market for talent with entities that are not subject to comprehensive regulation, including with respect to the structure of incentive compensation. Our inability to attract new employees and retain and motivate our existing employees could adversely impact our business.
Our ability to service our debt and pay dividends is dependent on capital distributions from our subsidiary banks, and these distributions are subject to regulatory limits and other restrictions.
We are a legal entity that is separate and distinct from the Banks. Our revenue (on a parent company only basis) is derived primarily from dividends paid to us by the Banks. Our right, and consequently the right of our shareholders, to participate in any distribution of the assets or earnings of the Banks through the payment of such dividends or otherwise is necessarily subject to the prior claims of creditors of the Banks (including depositors), except to the extent that certain claims of ours in a creditor capacity may be recognized. It is possible, depending upon the financial condition of our subsidiary banks and other factors, that applicable regulatory authorities could assert that payment of dividends or other payments is an unsafe or unsound practice. If one or more of our subsidiary banks is unable to pay dividends to us, we may not be able to service our debt or pay dividends on our common stock. Further, our ability to pay dividends on our common stock or service our debt could be restricted if we do not maintain a capital conservation buffer of common equity Tier 1 capital. A reduction or elimination of dividends could adversely affect the market price of our common stock and would adversely affect our business, financial condition, results of operations and prospects. See Item 1, “Business-Supervision and Regulation-Dividend Restrictions” and “Business-Supervision and Regulation-Capital Adequacy and Safety and Soundness-Regulatory Capital Requirements.”
We face continuing and growing security risks to our information base, including the information we maintain relating to our customers.
In the ordinary course of business, we rely on electronic communications and information systems to conduct our business and to store sensitive data, including financial information regarding customers. Our electronic communications and information systems infrastructure, as well as the systems infrastructures of the vendors we use to meet our data processing and communication needs, could be susceptible to cyber-attacks, such as denial of service attacks, hacking, terrorist activities or identity theft. Financial services institutions and companies engaged in data processing have reported breaches in the security of their websites or other systems, some of which have involved sophisticated and targeted attacks intended to obtain unauthorized access to confidential information, destroy data, disable or degrade service or sabotage systems, often through the introduction of computer viruses or malware, cyber-attacks and other means. Denial of service attacks have been launched against a number of large financial services institutions. Hacking and identity theft risks, in particular, could cause serious reputational harm. Cyber threats are rapidly evolving and we may not be able to anticipate or prevent all such attacks. Although to date we have not experienced any material losses relating to cyber-attacks or other information security breaches, there can be no assurance that we will not suffer such losses in the future. No matter how well designed or implemented our controls are, we will not be able to anticipate all security breaches of these types, and we may not be able to implement effective preventive measures against such security breaches in a timely manner. A failure or circumvention of our security systems could have a material adverse effect on our business operations and financial condition.
We regularly assess and test our security systems and disaster preparedness, including back-up systems, but the risks are substantially escalating. As a result, cyber-security and the continued enhancement of our controls and processes to protect our systems, data and networks from attacks, unauthorized access or significant damage remain a priority. Accordingly, we may be required to expend additional resources to enhance our protective measures or to investigate and remediate any information security vulnerabilities or exposures. Any breach of our system security could result in disruption of our operations, unauthorized access to confidential customer information, significant regulatory costs, litigation exposure and other possible damages, loss or liability. Such costs or losses could exceed the amount of available insurance coverage, if any, and would adversely affect our earnings. Also, any failure to prevent a security breach or to quickly and effectively deal with such a breach could negatively impact customer confidence, damaging our reputation and undermining our ability to attract and keep customers.
We may not be able to successfully implement future information technology system enhancements, which could adversely affect our business operations and profitability.
We invest significant resources in information technology system enhancements in order to provide functionality and security at an appropriate level. We may not be able to successfully implement and integrate future system enhancements, which could adversely impact the ability to provide timely and accurate financial information in compliance with legal and regulatory requirements, which could result in sanctions from regulatory authorities. Such sanctions could include fines and suspension of trading in our stock, among others. In addition, future system enhancements could have higher than expected costs and/or result in operating inefficiencies, which could increase the costs associated with the implementation as well as ongoing operations.
Failure to properly utilize system enhancements that are implemented in the future could result in impairment charges that adversely impact our financial condition and results of operations and could result in significant costs to remediate or replace the defective components. In addition, we may incur significant training, licensing, maintenance, consulting and amortization expenses during and after systems implementations, and any such costs may continue for an extended period of time.
We rely on other companies to provide key components of our business infrastructure.
Third party vendors provide key components of our business infrastructure such as internet connections, network access and core application processing. While we have selected these third party vendors carefully, we do not control them or their actions. Any problems caused by these third parties, including as a result of their not providing us their services for any reason or their performing their services poorly, could adversely affect our ability to deliver products and services to our customers or otherwise conduct our business efficiently and effectively. Replacing these third party vendors could also entail significant delay and expense.
We may incur significant losses as a result of ineffective risk management processes and strategies.
We seek to monitor and control our risk exposure through a risk and control framework encompassing a variety of separate but complementary financial, credit, operational, compliance, and legal reporting systems; internal controls; management review processes; and other mechanisms. While we employ a broad and diversified set of risk monitoring and risk mitigation techniques, those techniques and the judgments that accompany their application may not be effective and may not anticipate every economic and financial outcome in all market environments or the specifics and timing of such outcomes.
Our internal controls, procedures and policies may fail or be circumvented.
Management regularly reviews and updates our internal controls, disclosure controls and procedures, and corporate governance policies and procedures. Any system of controls, however well-designed and operated, is based in part on certain assumptions and can provide only reasonable, not absolute, assurances that the objectives of the system are met. Any failure or circumvention of the controls and procedures or failure to comply with regulations related to controls and procedures could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations and financial condition.
Natural disasters, acts of terrorism, pandemics and other external events could harm our business.
Natural disasters can disrupt our operations, result in damage to our properties, reduce or destroy the value of the collateral for our loans and negatively affect the economies in which we operate, which could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations and financial condition. A significant natural disaster, such as a tornado, hurricane, earthquake, fire or flood, could have a material adverse impact on our ability to conduct business, and our insurance coverage may be insufficient to compensate for losses that may occur. Acts of terrorism, war, civil unrest or future pandemics could cause disruptions to our business or the economy as a whole. While we have established and regularly test disaster recovery procedures, the occurrence of any such event could have a material adverse effect on our business, operations and financial condition.
Our financial statements are based in part on assumptions and estimates, which, if wrong, could cause unexpected losses in the future.
Pursuant to U.S. GAAP, we are required to use certain assumptions and estimates in preparing our financial statements, including in determining loan loss and litigation reserves, goodwill impairment and the fair value of certain assets and liabilities, among other items. If assumptions or estimates underlying our financial statements are incorrect, we may experience material losses. See the "Critical Accounting Policies" section in Item 7, "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations."
Changes in accounting standards can be difficult to predict and can materially impact how we record and report our financial condition and results of operations.
Our accounting policies and methods are fundamental to how we record and report our financial condition and results of operations. From time to time, the Financial Accounting Standards Board, or "FASB", changes the financial accounting and reporting principles that govern the preparation of our financial statements. These changes can be hard to anticipate and implement, and can materially impact how we record and report our financial condition and results of operations. In some cases, we could be required to apply a new or revised standard retroactively, resulting in our restating prior period financial statements. Additionally, significant changes to accounting standards may require costly technology changes, additional training and personnel, and other expense that will negatively impact our results of operations.
Changes in tax laws and regulations and differences in interpretation of tax laws and regulations may adversely impact our financial statements.
From time to time, local, state or federal tax authorities change tax laws and regulations, which may result in a decrease or increase to our net deferred tax assets. Local, state or federal tax authorities may interpret tax laws and regulations differently than we do and challenge tax positions that we have taken on tax returns. This may result in differences in the treatment of revenues, deductions, credits and/or differences in the timing of these items. The differences in treatment may result in payment of additional taxes, interest or penalties that could have a material adverse effect on our results.
Future capital offerings may adversely affect the market price of our common stock.
In the future, we may attempt to increase our capital resources or, if our banking subsidiaries' capital ratios fall below required minimums, we could be forced to raise additional capital by making additional offerings of debt, common or preferred stock, trust preferred securities, and senior or subordinated notes. Upon liquidation, holders of our debt securities and shares of preferred stock and lenders with respect to other borrowings will receive distributions of our available assets prior to the holders of our common stock. Additional equity offerings may dilute the holdings of our existing stockholders or reduce the market price of our common stock, or both. Because our decision to issue securities in any future offering will depend on market conditions and other factors beyond our control, we cannot predict or estimate the amount, timing or nature of our future offerings. Moreover, we cannot assure you that such capital will be available to us on acceptable terms or at all. Our inability to raise sufficient additional capital on acceptable terms when needed could adversely affect our businesses, financial condition and results of operations.
The market price and trading volume of our common stock may be volatile.
The market price of our common stock may be volatile. In addition, the trading volume in our common stock may fluctuate and cause significant price variations to occur. We cannot assure you that the market price of our common stock will not fluctuate or decline significantly in the future. Some of the factors that could negatively affect our share price or result in fluctuations in the price or trading volume of our common stock include:
•quarterly variations in our operating results or the quality of our assets;
•operating results that vary from the expectations of management, securities analysts and investors;
•changes in expectations as to our future financial performance;
•announcements of innovations, new products, strategic developments, significant contracts, acquisitions and other material events by us or our competitors;
•the operating and securities price performance of other companies that investors believe are comparable to us;
•our past and future dividend practices;
•future sales of our equity or equity-related securities; and
•changes in global financial markets and global economies and general market conditions, such as interest rates, stock, commodity or real estate valuations or volatility.
Anti-takeover provisions could negatively impact our stockholders.
Provisions of Delaware law and provisions of our certificate of incorporation and by-laws could make it more difficult for a third party to acquire control of us or have the effect of discouraging a third party from attempting to acquire control of us, even if a merge might be in the best interest of our stockholders. Our articles of organization authorize our Board of Directors to issue preferred stock without stockholder approval and such preferred stock could be issued as a defensive measure in response to a takeover proposal. These and other provisions could make it more difficult for a third party to acquire us.
If we acquire or seek to acquire other companies, our business may be negatively impacted by certain risks inherent with such acquisitions.
We have acquired and will continue to consider the acquisition of other financial services companies. To the extent that we acquire other companies in the future, our business may be negatively impacted by certain risks inherent with such acquisitions. Some of these risks include the following:
•We may incur substantial expenses in pursuing potential acquisitions;
•Management may divert its attention from other aspects of our business;
•We may assume potential and unknown liabilities of the acquired company as a result of an acquisition;
•The acquired business will not perform in accordance with management's expectations, including because we may lose key clients or employees of the acquired business as a result of the change in ownership;
•Difficulties may arise in connection with the integration of the operations of the acquired business with the operations of our businesses; and
•We may lose key employees of the combined business.
We may be required to write down goodwill and other acquisition-related identifiable intangible assets.
When we acquire a business, a portion of the purchase price of the acquisition may be allocated to goodwill and other identifiable intangible assets. The excess of the purchase price over the fair value of the net identifiable tangible and intangible assets acquired determines the amount of the purchase price that is allocated to goodwill acquired. As of December 31, 2023, goodwill and other identifiable intangible assets were $265.4 million. Under current accounting guidance, if we determine that goodwill or intangible assets are impaired, we would be required to write down the value of these assets. We conduct an annual review to determine whether goodwill and other identifiable intangible assets are impaired. We conduct a quarterly review for indicators of impairment of goodwill and other identifiable intangible assets. Our management recently completed these reviews and concluded that no impairment charge was necessary for the year ended December 31, 2023. We cannot provide assurance whether we will be required to take an impairment charge in the future. Any impairment charge would have a negative effect on stockholders' equity and financial results and may cause a decline in our stock price.
Attractive acquisition opportunities may not be available to us in the future, which could limit the growth of our business.
We may not be able to sustain a positive rate of growth or expand our business. We expect that other banking and financial service companies, many of which have significantly greater resources than us, will compete with us in acquiring other financial institutions if we pursue such acquisitions. This competition could increase prices for potential acquisitions that we believe are attractive. Also, acquisitions are subject to various regulatory approvals. If we fail to receive the appropriate regulatory approvals for a transaction, we will not be able to consummate such transaction which we believe to be in our best interests. Among other things, our regulators consider our capital, liquidity, profitability, regulatory compliance and levels of goodwill and intangibles when considering acquisition and expansion proposals. Other factors, such as economic conditions and legislative considerations, may also impede or prohibit our ability to expand our market presence. If we are not able to successfully grow our business, our financial condition and results of operations could be adversely affected.
RISKS RELATED TO OUR REGULATORY ENVIRONMENT
We operate in a highly regulated industry, and laws and regulations, or changes in them, could limit or restrict our activities and could have a material adverse effect on our operations.
We and our banking subsidiaries are subject to extensive state and federal regulation and supervision. Federal and state laws and regulations govern numerous matters affecting us, including changes in the ownership or control of banks and bank holding companies, maintenance of adequate capital and the financial condition of a financial institution, permissible types, amounts and terms of extensions of credit and investments, permissible non-banking activities, the level of reserves against deposits and restrictions on dividend payments. The FRB and the state banking regulators have the power to issue cease and desist orders to prevent or remedy unsafe or unsound practices or violations of law by banks subject to their regulation, and the FRB possesses similar powers with respect to bank holding companies. These and other restrictions limit the manner in which we and our banking subsidiaries may conduct business and obtain financing.
The laws, rules, regulations, and supervisory guidance and policies applicable to us are subject to regular modification and change. Such changes could, among other things, subject us to additional costs, including costs of compliance; limit the types of financial services and products we may offer; and/or increase the ability of non-banks to offer competing financial services and products. Failure to comply with laws, regulations, policies, or supervisory guidance could result in enforcement and other legal actions by federal or state authorities, including criminal and civil penalties, the loss of FDIC insurance, revocation of a banking charter, other sanctions by regulatory agencies, civil money penalties, and/or reputational damage, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, and results of operations. See the "Supervision and Regulation" section of Item 1, "Business."
We are subject to numerous laws designed to protect consumers, including the Community Reinvestment Act and fair lending laws, and failure to comply with these laws could lead to a wide variety of sanctions.
The CRA, the Equal Credit Opportunity Act, the Fair Housing Act, and other fair lending laws and regulations impose community investment and nondiscriminatory lending requirements on financial institutions. The CFPB, the Department of Justice and other federal agencies are responsible for enforcing these laws and regulations. A successful regulatory challenge to an institution’s performance under the CRA, the Equal Credit Opportunity Act, the Fair Housing Act or other fair lending laws and regulations could result in a wide variety of sanctions, including damages and civil money penalties, injunctive relief, restrictions on mergers and acquisitions, restrictions on expansion and restrictions on entering new business lines. Private parties may also have the ability to challenge an institution’s performance under fair lending laws in private class action litigation. Such actions could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.
We may become subject to enforcements actions even though noncompliance was inadvertent or unintentional.
The financial services industry is subject to intense scrutiny from bank supervisors in the examination process and aggressive enforcement of federal and state regulations, particularly with respect to mortgage-related practices and other consumer compliance matters, and compliance with anti-money laundering, BSA and OFAC regulations, and economic sanctions against certain foreign countries and nationals. Enforcement actions may be initiated for violations of laws and regulations and unsafe or unsound practices. We maintain systems and procedures designed to ensure that we comply with applicable laws and regulations; however, some legal/regulatory frameworks provide for the imposition of fines or penalties for noncompliance even though the noncompliance was inadvertent or unintentional and even though there was in place at the time systems and procedures designed to ensure compliance. Failure to comply with these and other regulations, and supervisory expectations related thereto, may result in fines, penalties, lawsuits, regulatory sanctions, reputation damage, or restrictions on our business.
We face significant legal risks, both from regulatory investigations and proceedings and from private actions brought against us.
As a participant in the financial services industry, many aspects of our business involve substantial risk of legal liability. From time to time, customers and others make claims and take legal action pertaining to the performance of our responsibilities. Whether customer claims and legal action related to the performance of our responsibilities are founded or unfounded, if such claims and legal actions are not resolved in a manner favorable to us, they may result in significant expenses, attention from management and financial liability. Any financial liability or reputational damage could have a material adverse effect on our business, which, in turn, could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition and results of operations. There is no assurance that litigation with private parties will not increase in the future. Actions currently pending against us may result in judgments, settlements, fines, penalties or other results adverse to us, which could materially adversely affect our business, financial condition or results of operations, or cause serious reputational harm to us.
The FRB may require us to commit capital resources to support the Banks.
Federal law requires that a holding company act as a source of financial and managerial strength to its subsidiary bank and to commit resources to support such subsidiary bank. Under the “source of strength” doctrine, the FRB may require a holding company to make capital injections into a troubled subsidiary bank and may charge the holding company with engaging in unsafe and unsound practices for failure to commit resources to a subsidiary bank. A capital injection may be required at times when the holding company may not have the resources to provide it and therefore may require the holding company to borrow the funds or raise capital. Any loans by a holding company to its subsidiary bank are subordinate in right of payment to deposits and to certain other indebtedness of such subsidiary bank. In the event of a holding company’s bankruptcy, the bankruptcy trustee will assume any commitment by the holding company to a federal bank regulatory agency to maintain the capital of a subsidiary bank. Moreover, bankruptcy law provides that claims based on any such commitment will be entitled to a priority of payment over the claims of the institution’s general unsecured creditors, including the holders of its note obligations. Thus, any borrowing that must be done by us to make a required capital injection becomes more difficult and expensive and could have an adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.
We are subject to stringent capital requirements which may adversely impact return on equity, require additional capital raises, or limit the ability to pay dividends or repurchase shares.
Federal regulations establish minimum capital requirements for insured depository institutions, including minimum risk-based capital and leverage ratios, and define “capital” for calculating these ratios. The minimum capital requirements are: (i) a common equity Tier 1 capital ratio of 4.5%; (ii) a Tier 1 to risk-based assets capital ratio of 6%; (iii) a total capital ratio of 8%; and (iv) a Tier 1 leverage ratio of 4%. The regulations also establish a “capital conservation buffer” of 2.5%, which if complied will result in the following minimum ratios: (i) a common equity Tier 1 capital ratio of 7.0%; (ii) a Tier 1 to risk-based assets capital ratio of 8.5%; and (iii) a total capital ratio of 10.5%. An institution will be subject to limitations on paying dividends, engaging in share repurchases and paying discretionary bonuses if its capital level falls below the capital conservation buffer amount. The application of these capital requirements could, among other things, require us to maintain higher capital resulting in lower returns on equity, and we may be required to obtain additional capital to comply or result in regulatory actions if we are unable to comply with such requirements. See Item 1, “Business-Supervision and Regulation-Capital Adequacy and Safety and Soundness-Regulatory Capital Requirements.”
Item 1B. Unresolved Staff Comments
None.
Item 1C. Cybersecurity
As a financial services company, we face cybersecurity risks and threats, and our customers, suppliers, and third-party service providers face cybersecurity risks and threats. As part of the operation of our business, the Company uses, stores, and processes data for our customers, employees, partners, and suppliers. A cybersecurity incident impacting any of these entities could materially adversely affect our operations, performance, or results of operations. In addition, as a financial services company we are subject to extensive regulatory compliance requirements, including those established by the FRB, MDOB, RIDBR, and NYDFS. To address these risks and regulatory requirements, the Company implemented a Cybersecurity Risk Management Program (the “Program”) that is designed to identify, assess and mitigate risks from cybersecurity threats to the data and our systems. The Program adheres to regulatory requirements and the tenets of the Federal Financial Institutions Examination Council (“FFIEC”) handbook and the National Institute of Standards and Technology (“NIST”) Cybersecurity Framework (“CSF”).
Our Chief Information Security Officer (“CISO”), assisted by our Information Security team, has primary responsibility for assessing and managing the Program and reporting on cybersecurity matters to the Company’s Board of Directors and members of executive management. Our CISO has extensive experience managing information technology systems and information security systems, previously served as the Company’s Chief Information Officer, and holds the Certified Information Systems Security Professional (“CISSP”) and Certified Information Security Manager (“CISM”) certifications. Our CISO regularly updates members of executive management on developments surrounding cybersecurity. The CISO reports to the Risk Committee of the Board of Directors and provides regular reports to the Board of Directors and Risk Committee on emerging cybersecurity issues and the Company’s cybersecurity infrastructure.
Our Program is overseen by the Company’s Board of Directors, which has delegated certain responsibilities to the Audit Committee and the Risk Committee. The Chairs of the Audit Committee and Risk Committee, in turn, report to the Board of Directors a summary of the presentations they have received relative to the Program. The Board of Directors oversees management’s processes for identifying and mitigating risks, including cyber risks, to assist in the alignment of our risk exposure with our overall strategic business objectives. The Board of Directors has also engaged an experienced information security advisor to assist them with cybersecurity and data privacy oversight responsibilities. This advisor provides the Board of Directors with independent updates on external market cybersecurity threats and emerging risks on a regular basis.
The Risk Committee, Audit Committee, and the Board of Directors are active in understanding and evaluating cybersecurity risks. The Risk Committee receives and reviews a quarterly Enterprise Risk Management (“ERM”) report from the Chief Risk Officer that is the cumulation of a process that involves discussions with leaders across the Company and incorporates a number of enterprise risk factors, including those related to cybersecurity threats. The Audit Committee receives the results of internal and external penetration testing as well as any other audits applicable to the Company’s information security programs. The Audit Committee actively engages management in discussions surrounding the outcome of these audits.
At least annually, the Board of Directors receives a report from the CISO covering the Company’s information security program. This report includes a review of enhancements to the Company’s programs, a discussion of management’s actions to identify and detect threats and planned action steps in the event of an incident, and an overview of employee training and engagement efforts. In addition, separately, on at least an annual basis, the Board of Directors receives updates from the CISO on the Company’s Incident Response Plan, which outlines steps to be followed in the event of an incident including detection, mitigation, recovery, and notification (including notification to senior management, the Board of Directors, and functional business areas), and remediation.
Cybersecurity Risk Management Program
The Program is designed to identify, assess, manage, mitigate, and respond to cyber threats with the goal of preventing cybersecurity incidents to the extent feasible, while also increasing our system resilience to minimize business disruption in the event we experience a cyber event. Our program is structured to be nimble and adaptable to changes in cybersecurity threats over time and to respond to emerging threats in a timely and efficient manner. Our Program consists of a layered cybersecurity approach and is incorporated into our overall ERM program.
Our Information Security team, led by our CISO, is responsible for monitoring our information systems for vulnerabilities and mitigating any issues. The Information Security team works collaboratively across the Company to understand the potential impacts of a cybersecurity incident and prioritize mitigation and other measures based on, among other things, the materiality to our business. The Information Security team has established processes designed to monitor threats in the cybersecurity landscape which include interacting with intelligence networks, working with researchers, discussions with peers at other companies, monitoring social media, reviewing government alerts and other news items and attending industry specific security conferences and trainings. The team regularly monitors our internal network and customer-facing network to identify any security issues. In addition, the Company augments the team’s monitoring via the engagement of external vendors who provide continuous threat monitoring services of the Company’s environment.
As part of our assessment of the risks to our Company, the Information Security team conducts annual cybersecurity risk assessments to evaluate the inherent risk of our applications and the strength of our controls, and identify the residual risk for each application. In addition, we conduct regular reviews and testing of critical network and application systems to monitor their security. We have adopted internal Company-wide Information Technology and Information Security policies which are reviewed and updated annually and approved by our Board of Directors. Our employees and the Board of Directors attend annual trainings that are designed to raise awareness about cybersecurity threats, reduce our vulnerability, and encourage consideration of cybersecurity threats across the Company. Additional trainings are required for employees in certain roles; these additional trainings are tailored to the employees’ specific duties.
We regularly review and update our investments in information technology security to identify and protect critical assets, provide monitoring and alerts, and, as needed, engage third-party experts. To assess the effectiveness of our Program, we have engaged consultants to conduct penetration testing and other vulnerability assessments. Additionally, our Internal Audit department and external auditors conduct assessments of different systems to provide the Audit Committee with information on our risk management processes, including cybersecurity risk management. We also test our defenses internally and conduct regular cybersecurity simulations and tabletop exercises with members of executive management present. These tests and assessments provide useful insights into the strengths and weaknesses of our cybersecurity framework.
Our cybersecurity framework is designed to protect our customers, employees, investors, and our intellectual property. Before purchasing third-party technology or other solutions that could expose the Company’s assets and electronic information, our Information Security and Information Technology teams complete security reviews on the vendors. We also conduct ongoing reviews of cybersecurity risks associated with our third-party service providers. As part of the Company’s Vendor Management Program, annual reviews are conducted for certain third-party vendors. Members of our Information Security team work with our Vendor Management team to review System and Organization Controls (“SOC”) 1 or SOC 2 reports. In the event a third-party vendor is unable to provide either a SOC 1 or SOC 2 report, this group conducts additional reviews to assess the cybersecurity preparedness of the specific vendor. This assessment of the risks associated with the use of third-party service providers is part of our overall vendor management and cybersecurity risk management framework.
Our Company faces a number of cybersecurity risks in connection with the operation of our business which could have a material adverse effect on our business financial condition, results of operations, cash flows, or reputation. Although, to date, such risks have not materially affected us, we have, from time to time, experienced threats and breaches to our data and systems. For more information about the cybersecurity risks we face, see the risk factors entitled “We face continuing and growing security risks to our information base, including the information we maintain relating to our customers.” and “We rely on other companies to provide key components of our business infrastructure.” in Item 1A- Risk Factors.
Item 2. Properties
The Company’s executive administration offices are located at 131 Clarendon Street, Boston, Massachusetts, which is owned by Brookline Bank, as well as its corporate operations center in Lincoln, Rhode Island, which is owned by BankRI, with other administrative and operations functions performed at several different locations. Clarendon Private conducts its business from a portion of the Company's executive administration offices which it leases.
Brookline Bank conducts its business from 29 banking offices, six of which are owned, 22 of which are leased, and one of which is subleased. Brookline Bank's main banking office is leased and located in Brookline, Massachusetts. Brookline Bank also has two additional lending offices and one remote ATM location, all of which are leased. Eastern Funding conducts its business from leased premises in New York City, New York, in Melville, New York, and in Plainview, New York.
BankRI conducts its business from 22 banking offices, six of which are owned and 16 of which are leased. BankRI's main banking office is leased and located in Providence, Rhode Island. BankRI also has two remote ATM locations, all of which are leased.
PCSB Bank conducts its business from 14 banking offices, four of which are owned and 10 of which are leased. PCSB bank's main banking office is leased and located in Yorktown Heights, New York.
Refer to Note 13, "Commitments and Contingencies," to the consolidated financial statements for information regarding the Company's lease commitments as of December 31, 2023.
Item 3. Legal Proceedings
During the fiscal year ended December 31, 2023, the Company was not involved in any legal proceedings other than routine legal proceedings occurring in the ordinary course of business. Management believes that those routine legal proceedings involve, in the aggregate, amounts that are immaterial to the Company's financial condition and results of operations.
Item 5. Market for the Registrant's Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities
(a)The common stock of the Company is traded on Nasdaq under the symbol BRKL. The number of registered holders of common stock as of February 27, 2024 was 2,693. The Company currently pays quarterly cash dividends in the amount of $0.135 per share. The Company expects comparable cash dividends will be paid in the future.
Equity Compensation Plan Information
Refer to Note 20, "Employee Benefit Plans" for a discussion of the Company's equity compensation plans.
Five-Year Performance Comparison
The following graph compares total shareholder return on the Company's common stock over the last five years with the S&P 500 Index, the Russell 2000 Index and the KBW Regional Banking Index. Index values are as of December 31 of each of the indicated years.
The graph assumes $100 invested on December 31, 2018 in each of the Company's common stock, the S&P 500 Index, the Russell 2000 Index and the KBW Regional Banking Index. The graph also assumes reinvestment of all dividends.
(b)Not applicable.
(c) Not applicable.
Item 6. [Reserved]
Item 7. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
Introduction
The Company, a Delaware corporation, operates as a multi-bank holding company for Brookline Bank and its subsidiaries; Bank Rhode Island and its subsidiaries ("BankRI"); PCSB Bank and its subsidiaries; and Clarendon Private, LLC. Brookline Securities Corp, previously a subsidiary of Brookline Bancorp, Inc., was dissolved in November 2023.
As a commercially-focused financial institution with 65 full-service banking offices throughout Greater Boston, Rhode Island and New York, the Company, through Brookline Bank, BankRI and PCSB Bank (collectively referred to as the "Banks') offers a wide range of commercial, business and retail banking services, including a full complement of cash management products, foreign exchange services, on-line and mobile banking services, consumer and residential loans and investment advisory services, designed to meet the financial needs of small- to mid-sized businesses and individuals throughout central New England and the Lower Hudson Valley in New York. The Banks and their subsidiaries lend primarily in all New England states and New York, with the exception of equipment financing, 29% of which is in the greater New York and New Jersey metropolitan area and 71% of which is in other areas in the United States of America as of December 31, 2023. Clarendon Private is a registered investment advisor with the SEC. Through Clarendon Private, the Company offers a wide range of wealth management services to individuals, families, endowments and foundations to help these clients meet their long-term financial goals.
The Company focuses its business efforts on profitably growing its commercial lending businesses, both organically and through acquisitions. The Company’s customer focus, multi-bank structure, and risk management are integral to its organic growth strategy and serve to differentiate the Company from its competitors. As full-service financial institutions, the Banks and their subsidiaries focus their efforts on developing and deepening long-term banking relationships with qualified customers through a full complement of products and excellent customer service, and strong risk management.
The Company manages the Banks under uniform strategic objectives, with one set of uniform policies consistently applied by one executive management team. Within this environment, the Company believes that the ability to make customer decisions locally enhances management's motivation, service levels and, as a consequence, the Company's financial results. As such, while most back-office functions are consolidated at the holding company level, branding and decision-making, including credit decisions and pricing, remain largely local in order to better meet the needs of bank customers and further motivate the Banks’ commercial, business and retail bankers. These credit decisions, at the local level, are executed through corporate policies overseen by the Company's credit department.
The competition for loans and leases and deposits remains strong. Loan and deposit growth are also influenced by the rate-setting actions of the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System (the "FRB"). Based on management's scenario analysis of deposit sensitivity to the current rate environment and customer's demand for non-depository investment alternatives, management expects that there will be further deposit mix migration and increased deposit sensitivity to interest rates which will negatively impact net interest income and net interest margin.
Management expects pressure on the net interest margin to continue for a quarter or two after the Federal Reserve stops increasing rates, after which the net interest margin is expected to stabilize and then increase as loans continue to reprice into the higher rate environment faster than time deposits and other funding sources. Net interest income models, using a projected flat balance sheet with stable deposit balances and an average sensitivity of deposit rates of approximately 39% to market rates, forecast that a short-term increase in rates will positively affect the Company's net interest income, net interest spread, and net interest margin.
As discussed above, changes in interest rates could also precipitate a change in the mix and volume of the Company's deposits and loans. The future operating results of the Company will depend on its ability to maintain or increase the current net interest income, manage credit risk, increase sources of non-interest income, while managing non-interest expenses.
The Company’s common stock is traded on the Nasdaq Global Select MarketSM under the symbol “BRKL.”
The selected financial and other data of the Company set forth below are derived in part from, and should be read in conjunction with, the Consolidated Financial Statements of the Company and Notes thereto presented elsewhere herein.
At or for the year ended December 31,
2023
2022
2021
2020
2019
(Dollars in Thousands, Except Per Share Data)
FINANCIAL CONDITION DATA
Total assets
$
11,382,256
$
9,185,836
$
8,602,622
$
8,942,424
$
7,856,853
Total loans and leases
9,641,589
7,644,388
7,154,457
7,269,553
6,737,816
Allowance for loan and lease losses (6)
117,522
98,482
99,084
114,379
61,082
Allowance for investment security losses
441
102
—
—
—
Investment securities available-for-sale
916,601
656,766
720,866
745,822
498,995
Investment securities held-to-maturity
—
—
—
—
86,780
Equity securities held-for-trading
—
—
—
526
3,581
Goodwill and identified intangible assets
265,429
162,208
162,703
163,579
164,850
Total deposits
8,548,125
6,522,146
7,049,906
6,910,696
5,830,072
Core deposits (1)
6,092,097
5,283,859
5,766,669
4,826,789
3,808,430
Certificates of deposit
1,574,855
928,143
1,117,695
1,389,998
1,671,738
Brokered deposits
881,173
310,144
165,542
693,909
349,904
Total borrowed funds
1,376,670
1,432,652
357,321
820,247
902,749
Stockholders' equity
1,198,644
992,125
995,342
941,778
945,606
Tangible stockholders' equity (*)
933,215
829,917
832,639
778,199
780,756
Nonperforming loans and leases (2)
43,630
14,894
32,459
38,448
19,461
Nonperforming assets (3)
45,324
15,302
33,177
44,963
22,092
EARNINGS DATA
Interest and dividend income
$
577,287
$
345,186
$
311,529
$
326,817
$
347,626
Interest expense
237,576
45,415
29,156
66,654
94,326
Net interest income
339,711
299,771
282,373
260,163
253,300
Provision (credit) for credit losses on loans
37,868
8,525
(7,837)
61,886
9,583
Provision (credit) for credit losses on investments
(1) Core deposits consist of demand checking, NOW, money market and savings accounts.
(2) Nonperforming loans and leases consist of nonaccrual loans and leases.
(3) Nonperforming assets consist of nonperforming loans and leases, other real estate owned and other repossessed assets.
(4) The efficiency ratio is calculated by dividing non-interest expense by the sum of net interest income and non-interest income for the period.
(5) Total growth is calculated by dividing the change in the balance during the period by the balance at the beginning of the period.
(6) The allowance for loan and lease losses for the years ending after December 31, 2019 reflect the adoption of CECL.
(*) Refer to Non-GAAP Financial Measures and Reconciliation to GAAP.
(**) Common equity tier 1 capital ratio is calculated by dividing common equity Tier 1 capital by risk-weighted assets. The ratio was established as part of the implementation of Basel III, effective January 1, 2015.
Executive Overview
Balance Sheet
Total assets increased $2.2 billion, or 23.9%, to $11.4 billion as of December 31, 2023 from $9.2 billion as of December 31, 2022. The increase was primarily driven by the acquisition of PCSB.
Cash and cash equivalents decreased $249.9 million, or 65.3%, to $133.0 million as of December 31, 2023 from $383.0 million as of December 31, 2022.
Total loans and leases increased $2.0 billion, or 26.1%, to $9.6 billion as of December 31, 2023 from $7.6 billion as of December 31, 2022. The Company's commercial loan portfolios, which are comprised of commercial real estate loans and commercial loans and leases, totaled $8.2 billion, or 84.7% of total loans and leases as of December 31, 2023, an increase of $1.7 billion, or 27.2%, from $6.4 billion, or 84.0% of total loans and leases, as of December 31, 2022.
Total deposits increased $2.0 billion, or 31.1%, to $8.5 billion as of December 31, 2023 from $6.5 billion as of December 31, 2022, primarily driven by the completion of the PCSB acquisition. Core deposits, which include demand checking, NOW, money market and savings accounts, totaled $6.1 billion, or 71.3% of total deposits as of December 31, 2023, an increase of $0.8 billion, or 15.3%, from $5.3 billion, or 81.0% of total deposits as of December 31, 2022. Certificate of deposit balances totaled $1.6 billion, or 18.4% of total deposits as of December 31, 2023, an increase of $0.6 billion, or 69.7%, from $0.9 billion, or 14.2% of total deposits, as of December 31, 2022. Brokered deposit balances totaled $0.9 billion, or 10.3% of total deposits as of December 31, 2023, an increase of $0.6 billion, or 184.1%, from $0.3 billion, or 4.8% of total deposits, as of December 31, 2022.
Total borrowed funds decreased $56.0 million, or 3.9%, to $1.38 billion as of December 31, 2023 from $1.43 billion as of December 31, 2022.
Asset Quality
Nonperforming assets as of December 31, 2023 totaled $45.3 million, or 0.40% of total assets, compared to $15.3 million, or 0.17% of total assets, as of December 31, 2022. Net charge-offs for the year ended December 31, 2023 were $19.7 million, or 0.21% of average loans and leases, compared to $3.3 million, or 0.05% of average loans and leases, for the year ended December 31, 2022. The increase of $30.0 million in nonperforming assets was primarily driven by increases of $19.0 million in nonperforming commercial real estate loans, $5.4 million in nonperforming equipment financing loans, $3.4 million in nonperforming commercial loans, and $1.6 million in nonperforming residential loans during the year ended December 31, 2023.
The ratio of the allowance for loan and lease losses to total loans and leases was 1.22% as of December 31, 2023, compared to 1.29% as of December 31, 2022.
The ratio of the allowance for loan and lease losses to nonaccrual loans and leases was 269.36% as of December 31, 2023, compared to 661.22% as of December 31, 2022.
Capital Strength
The Company is a "well-capitalized" bank holding company as defined in the FRB's Regulation Y. The Company's common equity Tier 1 capital ratio was 10.25% as of December 31, 2023, compared to 12.05% as of December 31, 2022. The Company's Tier 1 leverage ratio was 9.02% as of December 31, 2023, compared to 10.26% as of December 31, 2022. As of December 31, 2023, the Company's Tier 1 risk-based ratio was 10.35%, compared to 12.18% as of December 31, 2022. The Company's total risk-based ratio was 12.37% as of December 31, 2023, compared to 14.44% as of December 31, 2022.
The Company's ratio of stockholders' equity to total assets was 10.53% and 10.80% as of December 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively. The Company's tangible equity ratio was 8.39% and 9.20% as of December 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively.
Net Income
For the year ended December 31, 2023, the Company reported net income of $75.0 million, or $0.85 per basic and diluted share, a decrease of $34.7 million, or 31.7%, from $109.7 million, or $1.42 per basic and diluted share for the year ended December 31, 2022. The decrease in net income is primarily the result of an increase in non-interest expense of $60.0 million and an increase in the provision for credit losses of $29.3 million which includes $16.7 million attributable to the closing of the PCSB Bank acquisition, partially offset by an increase in net interest income of $39.9 million, a decrease in the provision for income taxes of $11.3 million, and an increase in non-interest income of $3.6 million.
The return on average assets was 0.67% for the year ended December 31, 2023, compared to 1.27% for the year ended December 31, 2022. The return on average stockholders' equity was 6.42% for the year ended December 31, 2023, compared to 11.15% for the year ended December 31, 2022.
The net interest margin was 3.24% for the year ended December 31, 2023, down from 3.67% for the year ended December 31, 2022. The decrease in the net interest margin is a result of an increase of 218 basis points in the Company's cost of funds to 3.00% in 2023 from 0.82% in 2022, partially offset by an increase in the yield on interest-earning assets of 128 basis points to 5.50% in 2023 from 4.22% in 2022.
Results for 2023 included a provision for credit losses of $37.9 million, as discussed in the "Allowance for Credit Losses—Allowance for Loan and Lease Losses" section below.
Non-interest income increased $3.6 million to $31.9 million for the year ended December 31, 2023 from $28.3 million for the year ended December 31, 2022. Several factors contributed to the year over year increase, including increases of $3.6 million in other non-interest income, $1.4 million in gain on sales of investment securities, net, and $0.7 million in deposit fees, partially offset by decreases of $1.6 million in gain on sales of loans and leases, $0.4 million in loan level derivative income, net., and $0.2 million in loan fees.
Non-interest expense increased $60.0 million to $239.5 million for the year ended December 31, 2023 from $179.5 million for the year ended December 31, 2022, primarily driven the completion of the PCSB acquisition. The increase was largely attributable to increases of $25.4 million in compensation and employee benefits expense, $7.3 million in amortization of identified intangible assets, $6.2 million in equipment and data processing expense, $5.2 million in merger and acquisition expense, $5.1 million in other non-interest expense, $4.7 million in FDIC insurance expense, $4.2 million in occupancy expense, and $2.2 million in professional services expense, partially offset by a decrease of $0.3 million in advertising and marketing expense.
Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates
The accounting policies described below are considered critical to understanding the Company's financial condition and operating results. Such accounting policies are considered to be especially important because they involve a higher degree of complexity and require management to make difficult and subjective judgments which often require assumptions or estimates about matters that are inherently uncertain. The use of different judgments, assumptions and estimates could result in material differences in the Company's operating results or financial condition.
Allowance for Credit Losses
Description. The allowance for credit losses represents management's estimate of expected losses over the life of the loan and lease portfolio. The allowance for credit losses consists of the allowance for loan and lease losses and reserve for unfunded commitments, which are classified as a contra-asset and liability within other liabilities, respectively, on the Consolidated Balance Sheets. Additions to the allowance for credit losses are made by charges to the provision for credit losses. Losses on loans and leases are deducted from the allowance when all or a portion of a loan or lease is considered uncollectible. The determination of the loans on which full collectability is not reasonably assured, the estimates of the fair value of the underlying collateral, and the assessment of economic and other conditions are subject to assumptions and judgments by management. Valuation allowances could differ materially as a result of changes in, or different interpretations of, these assumptions and judgments.
Management evaluates the adequacy of the allowance on a quarterly basis and reviews its conclusion as to the amount to be established with the Audit Committee and the Board of Directors.
As a result of the adoption of ASU 2016-13 effective January 1, 2020, the Company updated its critical accounting policy for the allowance for credit losses. The updates in this standard replace the incurred loss impairment GAAP methodology with the Current Expected Credit Losses ("CECL") methodology. The CECL methodology incorporates current condition, and "reasonable and supportable" forecasts, as well as prepayments, to estimate credit losses over the life of the loan.
Judgments and Uncertainties. In estimating the allowance for credit losses, the Company relies on models and economic forecasts developed by external parties as the primary driver of the allowance for credit losses. These models and forecasts are based on nationwide sets of data. As a result, the Company has calibrated the output of these models to match the performance of a relevant set of peer institutions during the development dataset in order to make the results more relevant to the Company. Additionally, economic forecasts can change significantly over an economic cycle and have a significant level of uncertainty associated with them. The performance of the models is dependent on the variables used in the models being reasonable proxies for the portfolio’s performance; however, these variables may not capture all sources of risk within the portfolio. As a result, management reviews the results and makes qualitative adjustments to the models to capture limitations of the models as necessary. Such qualitative factors may include adjustments to better capture the risk of specialty lending portfolios, the imprecision associated with the economic forecasts, and the ability of the models to capture emerging risks within the portfolio that may not be represented in the historical dataset. These judgments are thoroughly evaluated through management’s review process, and revised on a quarterly basis to account for changes in the facts and circumstances of the portfolio.
Effect if Actual Results Differ From Assumptions. The allowance for credit losses is a reflection of the Company’s best estimate of loss based on a forecast of future conditions as of a point in time. Conditions in the future may vary from those forecasts, causing realized losses to be either higher or lower than forecasted, which will result in either additional provisions from income or a benefit to income based on the performance of the portfolio.
Description. Goodwill is presumed to have an indefinite useful life and is tested at least annually for impairment. Impairment exists when the carrying amount of goodwill exceeds its implied fair value. If fair value exceeds the carrying amount at the time of testing, goodwill is not considered impaired. Quoted market prices in active markets are the best evidence of fair value and are considered to be used as the basis for measurement, when available. Other acceptable valuation methods include present-value measurements based on multiples of earnings or revenues, or similar performance measures. Differences in valuation techniques could result in materially different evaluations of impairment. In September 2011, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update ("ASU") 2011-08 which provides guidance for companies when testing goodwill for impairment. The objective of the ASU is to simplify how entities test goodwill for impairment. Pursuant to the ASU, entities may now assess qualitative factors to determine whether it is more likely than not that the fair value of a reporting unit is less than its carrying amount as a basis for determining whether it is necessary to perform the one-step goodwill impairment test. The more likely than not threshold is defined as having a likelihood of more than 50%.
To determine whether it is more likely than not that the fair value of a reporting unit is less than its carrying amount, an entity should consider the extent to which each of the adverse events or circumstances identified could affect the comparison of a reporting unit's fair value with its carrying amount.
Pursuant to the ASU, an entity should place more weight on the events and circumstances that have the greatest impact on a reporting unit's fair value or the carrying amount of its net assets; and may affect its determination of whether it is more likely than not that the fair value of a reporting unit is less than its carrying amount.
In accordance with ASC 350-20-35-3B, an entity can bypass the qualitative assessment and perform the quantitative impairment test. Given the current economic environment, a quantitative analysis was performed where management selected a sample of comparable acquisitions and calculated the control premium associated with each sale. The Company’s market capitalization times the sampled control premium allowed management to compare the calculated market capitalization to the Company’s current book value to determine if an adjustment to goodwill is warranted. The Company did not have any impairment of Goodwill and other identified intangible assets as of December 31, 2023. Further analysis of the Company’s goodwill can be found in Note 9 “Goodwill and Other IntangibleAssets” within the notes to the consolidated financial statements.
Judgments and Uncertainties. The determination of fair value is based on valuations using management’s assumptions of comparable transactions including announcement or completion date, industry, asset size, region, or other relevant factors.
Effect if Actual Results Differ From Assumptions. Changes in these quantitative factors, as well as downturns in economic or business conditions, could have a significant adverse impact on the fair value of the reporting unit in relation to the carrying value of goodwill and could result in an impairment loss affecting our consolidated financial statements as a whole.
Business Combinations
Business combinations are generally accounted for under the acquisition method of accounting whereby assets acquired and liabilities assumed in business combinations are recorded at their estimated fair value as of the acquisition date. The determination of fair value may involve the use of internal or third-party valuation specialists to assist in the determination of the fair value of certain assets and liabilities at the acquisition date, including loans and leases, core deposit intangibles and time deposits. The excess of the cost of acquisition over these fair values is recognized as goodwill. A description of the valuation methodologies used to estimate the fair values of the significant assets acquired and liabilities assumed from the acquisition of PCSB can be found in Note 2 "Acquisitions" within the notes to the consolidated financial statements.
Recent Accounting Developments
In March 2020, the Financial Accounting Standards Board ("FASB") issued ASU 2020-04, "Reference Rate Reform (Topic 848)-Facilitation of the Effects of Reference Rate Reform on Financial Reporting" ("ASU 2020-04") to provide optional expedients and exceptions for applying GAAP to certain contracts, hedging relationships, and other transactions affected by reference rate reform if certain criteria are met. The amendments in this update apply only to contracts, hedging relationships, and other transactions that reference the London Interbank Offered Rate ("LIBOR") or another reference rate expected to be discontinued because of reference rate reform. The expedients and exceptions provided by the amendments do not apply to contract modifications made and hedging relationships existing as of December 31, 2022, for which an entity has elected certain optional expedients provided that those elections are retained through the end of the hedging relationship. The amendments in this update are effective for all entities as of March 12, 2020 through December 31, 2022 and do not apply to contract modifications made after December 31, 2022.
In January 2021, the FASB issued ASU 2021-01, "Reference Rate Reform (Topic 848)" an update to address concerns around structural risk of interbank offered rates ("IBORs"), particularly, the risk of cessation of the LIBOR. The amendments in this update clarify that certain optional expedients and exceptions in Topic 848 for contract modifications and hedge accounting apply to derivatives that are affected by the discounting transition. In December 2022, FASB issued ASU 2022-06, "Reference Rate Reform (Topic 848)" which deferred the sunset date of Topic 848 to December 31, 2024, to allow for a transition period after the sunset of LIBOR. The Company has adopted the amendments in these updates and established a LIBOR transition committee to guide the Company’s transition from LIBOR. The Company has completed much of the work to transition off the LIBOR index consistent with industry timelines. The working group has identified its products that utilize LIBOR and has implemented fallback language to facilitate the transition to alternative rates. The Company has also evaluated its infrastructure and identified fallback rates as well as started offering alternative indices and new products tied to these alternative indices. The Company does not anticipate the adoption of these standards to have a material impact to the consolidated financial statements.
In August 2021, the FASB issued ASU 2021-06, "Presentation of Financial Statements (Topic 205), Financial Services – Depository and Lending (Topic 942), and Financial Services – Investment Companies (Topic 946)" which updated guidance to align with new SEC regulations with regards to statistical disclosures for banking and savings and loan institutions. This ASU is effective for fiscal years ending on or after December 15, 2021. The Company has adopted ASU 2021-06 as of December 31, 2021. The adoption did not have a material impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements.
In October 2021, the FASB issued ASU 2021-08, "Business Combinations (Topic 805), Accounting for Contract Assets and Contract Liabilities from Contracts with Customers" which requires that an acquirer recognize and measure contract assets and contract liabilities acquired in a business combination in accordance with Topic 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers. At the acquisition date, an acquirer should account for the related revenue contracts in accordance with Topic 606 as if it had originated the contracts. The Company adopted ASU 2021-08 as of January 1, 2023 on a prospective basis. The adoption did not have a material impact on the Company's consolidated financial statements.
In March 2022, the FASB issued ASU 2022-02, "Financial Instruments - Credit Losses (Topic 326), Troubled Debt Restructurings and Vintage Disclosures" which addresses concerns regarding the complex accounting for loans modified as troubled debt restructurings (“TDRs”) and also the disclosure of gross writeoff information included in required vintage disclosures. The Company adopted ASU 2022-02 as of January 1, 2023. The enhanced disclosure requirements provided for by ASU 2022-02 were adopted on a prospective basis. Reporting periods prior to the adoption of ASU 2022-02 are presented in accordance with the applicable GAAP. The adoption did not have a material impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements. Additional details can be found in Note 7, "Allowance for Credit Losses".
See Note 1, “Basis of Presentation” in the notes to the consolidated financial statements for additional information regarding recent accounting developments.
Non-GAAP Financial Measures and Reconciliation to GAAP
In addition to evaluating the Company’s results of operations in accordance with GAAP, management periodically supplements this evaluation with an analysis of certain non-GAAP financial measures, such as the operating earnings metrics, the return on average tangible assets, return on average tangible equity, the tangible stockholders' equity, tangible equity ratio, tangible book value per share and dividend payout ratio. Management believes that these non-GAAP financial measures provide information useful to investors in understanding the Company’s underlying operating performance and trends, and facilitates comparisons with the performance assessment of financial performance, including non-interest expense control, while the tangible equity ratio and tangible book value per share are used to analyze the relative strength of the Company’s capital position.
The methodologies used by the Company for determining the non-GAAP financial measures discussed above may differ from those used by other financial institutions.
Operating Earnings
Operating earnings exclude the after-tax impact of securities gains, the day 1 CECL provision and merger and acquisition expense. By excluding such items, the Company's results can be measured and assessed on a more consistent basis from period to period. Items excluded from operating earnings are also excluded when calculating the operating return and operating efficiency ratios.
(1) Merger and acquisition expense related to the purchase of the remaining minority interest of Eastern Funding in the first quarter of 2019 and the acquisition of PCSB in the first quarter of 2023.
The following table summarizes the Company's operating return on average assets, operating return on average tangible assets, operating return on average stockholders' equity and operating return on average tangible stockholders' equity for the periods indicated:
The following table summarizes the Company’s return on average tangible assets and return on average tangible stockholders’ equity for the periods indicated:
Year Ended December 31,
2023
2022
2021
2020
2019
(Dollars in Thousands)
Net income, as reported
$
74,999
$
109,744
$
115,440
$
47,635
$
87,717
Average total assets
$
11,214,371
$
8,623,403
$
8,518,200
$
8,683,569
$
7,654,634
Less: Average goodwill and average identified intangible assets, net
270,637
162,447
163,122
164,227
165,697
Average tangible assets
$
10,943,734
$
8,460,956
$
8,355,078
$
8,519,342
$
7,488,937
Return on average tangible assets
0.69
%
1.30
%
1.38
%
0.56
%
1.17
%
Average total stockholders' equity
$
1,168,106
$
984,237
$
967,538
$
936,075
$
917,286
Less: Average goodwill and average identified intangible assets, net
270,637
162,447
163,122
164,227
165,697
Average tangible stockholders' equity
$
897,469
$
821,790
$
804,416
$
771,848
$
751,589
Return on average tangible stockholders' equity
8.36
%
13.35
%
14.35
%
6.17
%
11.67
%
The following table summarizes the Company's tangible equity ratio for the periods indicated:
At December 31,
2023
2022
2021
2020
2019
(Dollars in Thousands)
Total stockholders' equity
$
1,198,644
$
992,125
$
995,342
$
941,778
$
945,606
Less: Goodwill and identified intangible assets, net
265,429
162,208
162,703
163,579
164,850
Tangible stockholders' equity
$
933,215
$
829,917
$
832,639
$
778,199
$
780,756
Total assets
$
11,382,256
$
9,185,836
$
8,602,622
$
8,942,424
$
7,856,853
Less: Goodwill and identified intangible assets, net
The following table presents the maturity distribution of the Company's loan portfolio as of December 31, 2023.
At December 31, 2023
1 Year or Less
After 1-5 Years
After 5-15 Years
After 15 Years
Total
(Dollars in Thousands)
Commercial real estate
$
2,136,221
$
2,690,355
$
929,177
$
8,776
$
5,764,529
Commercial
452,905
1,383,267
504,184
59,312
2,399,668
Consumer
270,343
233,372
219,442
754,235
1,477,392
Total
$
2,859,469
$
4,306,994
$
1,652,803
$
822,323
$
9,641,589
The following table presents the distribution of the Company's loans that were due after one year between fixed and variable interest rates as of December 31, 2023.
At December 31, 2023
Fixed
Variable
Total
(Dollars in Thousands)
Commercial real estate
$
1,735,003
$
1,893,305
$
3,628,308
Commercial
1,188,281
758,482
1,946,763
Consumer
674,915
532,134
1,207,049
Total
$
3,598,199
$
3,183,921
$
6,782,120
The Company's loan portfolio consists primarily of first mortgage loans secured by commercial, multi-family and residential real estate properties located in the Company's primary lending area, loans to business entities, including commercial lines of credit, loans to condominium associations and loans and leases used to finance equipment used by small businesses. The Company also provides financing for construction and development projects, home equity and other consumer loans.
The Company employs seasoned commercial lenders and retail bankers who rely on community and business contacts as well as referrals from customers, attorneys and other professionals to generate loans and deposits. Existing borrowers are also an important source of business since many of them have more than one loan outstanding with the Company. The Company's ability to originate loans depends on the strength of the economy, trends in interest rates, and levels of customer demand and market competition.
The Company's current policy is that the total credit exposure to one obligor relationship may not exceed $60.0 million unless approved by the Credit Committee, a committee of the Company's Board of Directors. As of December 31, 2023, there were four borrowers with commitments over $60.0 million. The total of those commitments was $259.5 million or 2.2% of total loans and commitments as of December 31, 2023. As of December 31, 2022, there were three borrowers with loans and commitments over $60.0 million. The total of those loans and commitments was $208.5 million, or 2.2% of total loans and commitments, as of December 31, 2022.
The Company has written underwriting policies to control the inherent risks in loan origination. The policies address approval limits, loan-to-value ratios, appraisal requirements, debt service coverage ratios, loan concentration limits and other matters relevant to loan underwriting.
Commercial Real Estate Loans
The commercial real estate portfolio is comprised of commercial real estate loans, multi-family mortgage loans, and construction loans and is the largest component of the Company's overall loan portfolio, representing 59.8% of total loans and leases outstanding as of December 31, 2023.
Typically, commercial real estate loans are larger in size and involve a greater degree of risk than owner-occupied residential mortgage loans. Loan repayment is usually dependent on the successful operation and management of the properties and the value of the properties securing the loans. Economic conditions can greatly affect cash flows and property values.
A number of factors are considered in originating commercial real estate and multi-family mortgage loans. The qualifications and financial condition of the borrower (including credit history), as well as the potential income generation and the value and condition of the underlying property, are evaluated. When evaluating the qualifications of the borrower, the Company considers the financial resources of the borrower, the borrower's experience in owning or managing similar property and the borrower's payment history with the Company and other financial institutions. Factors considered in evaluating the underlying property include the net operating income of the mortgaged premises before debt service and depreciation, the debt
service coverage ratio (the ratio of cash flow before debt service to debt service), the use of conservative capitalization rates, and the ratio of the loan amount to the appraised value. Generally, personal guarantees are obtained from commercial real estate loan borrowers.
Commercial real estate and multi-family mortgage loans are typically originated for terms of five to fifteen years with amortization periods of 20 to 30 years. Many of the loans are priced at inception on a fixed-rate basis generally for periods ranging from two to five years with repricing periods for longer-term loans. When possible, prepayment penalties are included in loan covenants on these loans. For commercial customers who are interested in loans with terms longer than five years, the Company offers loan level derivatives to accommodate customer need.
The Company's urban and suburban market area is characterized by a large number of apartment buildings, condominiums and office buildings. As a result, commercial real estate and multi-family mortgage lending has been a significant part of the Company's activities for many years. These types of loans typically generate higher yields, but also involve greater credit risk. Many of the Company's borrowers have more than one multi-family or commercial real estate loan outstanding with the Company.
The commercial real estate portfolio was composed primarily of loans secured by multi-family buildings ($1.3 billion), office buildings ($876.4 million), retail stores ($960.2 million), industrial properties ($765.2 million), mixed-use properties ($507.0 million), lodging services ($203.4 million) and food services ($77.9 million) as of December 31, 2023. As of that date, approximately 78.2% of the commercial real estate loans outstanding were secured by properties located in New England; primarily in the Greater Boston and Greater Providence markets, with additional exposure of approximately 16.5% of the commercial real estate loans outstanding were also secured by properties in the State of New York, nearly all of which is in the Lower Hudson Valley region.
The following table presents the percentage of the Company's commercial real estate loan portfolio by borrower type that is owner and non-owner occupied as of December 31, 2023.
At December 31, 2023
Owner Occupied
Non-Owner Occupied
Total
Borrower type:
Multi-family buildings
—
%
23.33
%
23.33
%
Office buildings
1.30
%
13.90
%
15.20
%
Retail stores
1.95
%
14.71
%
16.66
%
Industrial properties
2.66
%
10.61
%
13.27
%
Mixed-use properties
0.70
%
8.09
%
8.79
%
Lodging services
0.14
%
3.39
%
3.53
%
Food Services
0.80
%
0.55
%
1.35
%
Other
9.65
%
8.22
%
17.87
%
Total
17.20
%
82.80
%
100.00
%
The following table presents the percentage of the Company's commercial real estate loan portfolio by geographic concentration that is owner and non-owner occupied as of December 31, 2023.
At December 31, 2023
Owner Occupied
Non-Owner Occupied
Total
Geographic concentration:
New England
11.55
%
66.66
%
78.21
%
New York
3.20
%
13.26
%
16.46
%
Other
2.87
%
2.46
%
5.33
%
Total
17.62
%
82.38
%
100.00
%
Construction and development financing is generally considered to involve a higher degree of risk than long-term financing on improved, occupied real estate and thus has lower concentration limits than do other commercial credit classes. Risk of loss on a construction loan is largely dependent upon the accuracy of the initial estimate of construction costs, the estimated time to sell or rent the completed property at an adequate price or rate of occupancy, and market conditions. If the
estimates and projections prove to be inaccurate, the Company may be confronted with a project which, upon completion, has a value that is insufficient to assure full loan repayment.
Criteria applied in underwriting construction loans for which the primary source of repayment is the sale of the property is different from the criteria applied in underwriting construction loans for which the primary source of repayment is the stabilized cash flow from the completed project. For those loans where the primary source of repayment is from resale of the property, in addition to the normal credit analysis performed for other loans, the Company also analyzes project costs, the attractiveness of the property in relation to the market in which it is located and demand within the market area. For those construction loans where the source of repayment is the stabilized cash flow from the completed project, the Company analyzes not only project costs but also how long it might take to achieve satisfactory occupancy and the reasonableness of projected rental rates in relation to market rental rates.
Commercial Loans
The commercial loan and lease portfolio is comprised of commercial loans, equipment financing loans and leases and condominium association loans representing 24.9% of total loans outstanding as of December 31, 2023.
The commercial loan and lease portfolio is composed primarily of loans in the following sectors: small businesses ($852.6 million), transportation services ($368.4 million), food services ($238.7 million), recreation services ($142.6 million), rental and leasing services ($68.3 million), manufacturing ($139.7 million), and retail ($149.4 million) as of December 31, 2023.
The Company provides commercial banking services to companies in its market area. Approximately 39.6% of the commercial loans outstanding as of December 31, 2023 were made to borrowers located in New England; primarily in the Greater Boston and Greater Providence markets. The remaining 60.4% of the commercial loans outstanding were made to borrowers in other areas in the United States of America, primarily by the Company's equipment financing divisions. Product offerings include lines of credit, term loans, letters of credit, deposit services and cash management. These types of credit facilities have as their primary source of repayment cash flows from the operations of a business. Interest rates offered are available on a floating basis tied to the prime rate or a similar index or on a fixed-rate basis referenced on the Federal Home Loan Bank of Boston index.
Credit extensions are made to established businesses on the basis of loan purpose and assessment of capacity to repay as determined by an analysis of their financial statements, the nature of collateral to secure the credit extension and, in most instances, the personal guarantee of the owner of the business as well as industry and general economic conditions.
The Company’s equipment financing divisions focus on market niches in which its lenders have deep experience and industry contacts, and on making loans to customers with business experience. An important part of the Company’s equipment financing loan origination volume comes from equipment manufacturers and existing customers as they expand their operations. The equipment financing portfolio is composed primarily of loans to finance laundry, tow trucks, fitness, dry cleaning and convenience store equipment. Approximately 11.0% of the commercial loans outstanding were made by the equipment financing divisions to borrowers located in the State of New York. Typically, the loans are priced at a fixed rate of interest and require monthly payments over their three- to seven-year life. The yields earned on equipment financing loans are higher than those earned on the commercial loans made by the Banks because they involve a higher degree of credit risk. Equipment financing customers are typically small-business owners who operate with limited financial resources and who face greater risks when the economy weakens or unforeseen adverse events arise. Because of these characteristics, personal guarantees of borrowers are usually obtained along with liens on available assets. The size of loan is determined by an analysis of cash flow and other characteristics pertaining to the business and the equipment to be financed, based on detailed revenue and profitability data of similar operations.
Loans to condominium associations are for the purpose of funding capital improvements, are made for five- to ten-year terms and are secured by a general assignment of condominium association revenues. Among the factors considered in the underwriting of such loans are the level of owner occupancy, the financial condition and history of the condominium association, the attractiveness of the property in relation to the market in which it is located and the reasonableness of estimates of the cost of capital improvements to be made. Depending on loan size, funds are advanced as capital improvements are made and, in more complex situations, after completion of engineering inspections.
Consumer Loans
The consumer loan portfolio is comprised of residential mortgage loans, home equity loans and lines of credit, and other consumer loans representing, 15.3% of total loans outstanding as of December 31, 2023. The Company focuses its mortgage and home equity lending on existing and new customers within its branch networks in its urban and suburban marketplaces in the Greater Boston and Providence metropolitan areas along with the Lower Hudson Valley area of New York.
The Company originates adjustable and fixed rate residential mortgage loans secured by one- to four-family residences. Each residential mortgage loan granted is subject to a satisfactorily completed application, employment verification, credit history and a demonstrated ability to repay the debt. Generally, loans are not made when the loan-to-value ratio exceeds 80% unless private mortgage insurance is obtained and/or there is a financially strong guarantor. Appraisals are performed by outside independent appraisers.
Underwriting guidelines for home equity loans and lines of credit are similar to those for residential mortgage loans. Home equity loans and lines of credit are limited to no more than 80% of the appraised value of the property securing the loan including the amount of any existing first mortgage liens.
Other consumer loans have historically been a modest part of the Company's loan originations. As of December 31, 2023, other consumer loans equaled $50.4 million, or 0.5% of total loans outstanding.
Asset Quality
Criticized and Classified Assets
The Company's management rates certain loans and leases as "other assets especially mentioned" ("OAEM"), "substandard" or "doubtful" based on criteria established under banking regulations. These loans and leases are collectively referred to as "criticized" assets. Loans and leases rated OAEM have potential weaknesses that deserve management's close attention. If left uncorrected, these potential weaknesses may result in deterioration of the repayment prospects of the loan or lease at some future date. Loans and leases rated as substandard are inadequately protected by the payment capacity of the obligor or of the collateral pledged, if any. Substandard loans and leases have a well-defined weakness or weaknesses that jeopardize the liquidation of debt and are characterized by the distinct possibility that the Company will sustain some loss if existing deficiencies are not corrected. Loans and leases rated as doubtful have well-defined weaknesses that jeopardize the orderly liquidation of debt and partial loss of principal is likely. As of December 31, 2023, the Company had $128.0 million of total assets that were designated as criticized. This compares to $108.2 million of assets designated as criticized as of December 31, 2022. The increase of $19.8 million in criticized assets was primarily driven by $11.9 million in equipment financing loans, $8.4 million in commercial real estate loans, and $3.4 million in construction loans becoming criticized during the year ended December 31, 2023. This was partially offset by $4.6 million in multi-family loans being paid off during the year ending December 31, 2023.
Nonperforming Assets
"Nonperforming assets" consist of nonaccrual loans and leases, other real estate owned ("OREO") and other repossessed assets. Under certain circumstances, the Company may restructure the terms of a loan or lease as a concession to a borrower, except for acquired loans and leases which are individually evaluated against expected performance on the date of acquisition. These restructured loans and leases are generally considered "nonperforming loans and leases" until a history of collection of at least six months on the restructured terms of the loan or lease has been established. OREO consists of real estate acquired through foreclosure proceedings and real estate acquired through acceptance of a deed in lieu of foreclosure. Other repossessed assets consist of assets that have been acquired through foreclosure that are not real estate and are included in other assets on the Company's consolidated balance sheets.
Accrual of interest on loans generally is discontinued when contractual payment of principal or interest becomes past due 90 days or, if in management's judgment, reasonable doubt exists as to the full timely collection of interest. When a loan is placed on nonaccrual status, interest accruals cease and all previously accrued and uncollected interest is reversed and charged against current interest income. Interest payments on nonaccrual loans are generally applied to principal. If collection of the principal is reasonably assured, interest payments are recognized as income on the cash basis. Loans are generally returned to accrual status when principal and interest payments are current, full collectability of principal and interest is reasonably assured and a consistent record of at least six months of performance has been achieved.
In cases where a borrower experiences financial difficulties and the Company makes or reasonably expects to make certain concessionary modifications to contractual terms, the loan is classified as a modified loan. In determining whether a debtor is experiencing financial difficulties, the Company considers, among other factors, if the debtor is in payment default or is likely to be in payment default in the foreseeable future without the modification, the debtor declared or is in the process of declaring bankruptcy, there is substantial doubt that the debtor will continue as a going concern, the debtor's entity-specific projected cash flows will not be sufficient to service its debt, or the debtor cannot obtain funds from sources other than the existing creditors at market terms for debt with similar risk characteristics.
As of December 31, 2023, the Company had nonperforming assets of $45.3 million, representing 0.40% of total assets, compared to nonperforming assets of $15.3 million, or 0.17% of total assets as of December 31, 2022. The increase of $30.0 million was primarily driven by increases of $19.0 million in nonperforming commercial real estate loans, $5.4 million in
nonperforming equipment financing loans, $3.4 million in nonperforming commercial loans, and $1.6 million in nonperforming residential loans during the year ended December 31, 2023.
The Company evaluates the underlying collateral of each nonaccrual loan and lease and continues to pursue the collection of interest and principal. Management believes that the current level of nonperforming assets remains manageable relative to the size of the Company's loan and lease portfolio. If economic conditions were to worsen or if the marketplace were to experience prolonged economic stress, it is likely that the level of nonperforming assets would increase, as would the level of charged-off loans.
Past Due and Accruing
As of December 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, the Company had minimal loans and leases greater than 90 days past due and accruing.
The following table sets forth information regarding nonperforming assets for the periods indicated:
At December 31,
2023
2022
2021
2020
2019
(Dollars in Thousands)
Nonperforming loans and leases:
Nonaccrual loans and leases:
Commercial real estate
$
19,608
$
607
$
10,848
$
3,300
$
2,845
Multi-family mortgage
—
—
—
—
84
Construction
—
707
—
3,853
—
Total commercial real estate loans
19,608
1,314
10,848
7,153
2,929
Commercial
3,886
464
2,318
7,702
4,909
Equipment financing
14,984
9,653
15,014
16,757
9,822
Condominium association
—
58
84
112
151
Total commercial loans and leases
18,870
10,175
17,416
24,571
14,882
Residential mortgage
4,292
2,680
3,909
5,587
753
Home equity
860
723
285
1,136
896
Other consumer
—
2
1
1
1
Total consumer loans
5,152
3,405
4,195
6,724
1,650
Total nonaccrual loans and leases
43,630
14,894
32,459
38,448
19,461
Other real estate owned
780
—
—
5,415
—
Other repossessed assets
914
408
718
1,100
2,631
Total nonperforming assets
$
45,324
$
15,302
$
33,177
$
44,963
$
22,092
Loans and leases past due greater than 90 days and accruing
$
228
$
33
$
1
$
11,975
$
10,109
Total delinquent loans and leases 61-90 days past due
5,300
2,218
6,081
16,129
4,978
Restructured loans and leases not included in nonperforming assets
—
16,385
12,580
11,483
17,076
Total nonaccrual loans and leases as a percentage of total loans and leases
0.45
%
0.19
%
0.45
%
0.53
%
0.29
%
Total nonperforming assets as a percentage of total assets
0.40
%
0.17
%
0.39
%
0.50
%
0.28
%
Total delinquent loans and leases 61-90 days past due as a percentage of total loans and leases
0.05
%
0.03
%
0.08
%
0.22
%
0.07
%
Allowances for Credit Losses
The allowance for credit losses consists of general and specific allowances and reflects management's estimate of expected loan and lease losses over the life of the loan or lease. Management uses a consistent and systematic process and methodology to evaluate the adequacy of the allowance for credit losses on a quarterly basis. Management continuously evaluates and challenges inputs and assumptions in the allowance for credit losses.
While management evaluates currently available information in establishing the allowance for credit losses, future adjustments to the allowance for loan and lease losses may be necessary if conditions differ substantially from the assumptions used in making the evaluations. Management performs a comprehensive review of the allowance for credit losses on a quarterly basis. In addition, various regulatory agencies, as an integral part of their examination process, periodically review a financial
institution's allowance for credit losses and carrying amounts of other real estate owned. Such agencies may require the financial institution to recognize additions or reductions to the allowance based on their judgments about information available to them at the time of their examination.
The Company’s allowance methodology provides a quantification of probable losses in the portfolio. Under the current methodology, management estimates losses over the life of the loan using reasonable and supportable forecasts. Forecasts, loan data, and model documentation are extensively analyzed and reviewed throughout the quarter to ensure estimated losses are appropriate at quarter end. Qualitative adjustments are applied when model output does not align with management expectations. These adjustments are thoroughly reviewed and documented to provide clarity and a reasonable basis for any deviations from the model. For December 31, 2023, qualitative adjustments were applied to the commercial real estate, commercial, and consumer portfolios resulting in a net addition in total reserves compared to modeled calculations.
The following tables present the changes in the allowance for loans and lease losses by portfolio category for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022, 2021, 2020, and 2019, respectively.
Year Ended December 31, 2023
Commercial Real Estate
Commercial
Consumer
Total
(In Thousands)
Balance at December 31, 2022
$
68,154
$
26,604
$
3,724
$
98,482
Charge-offs
(1,204)
(19,990)
(41)
(21,235)
Recoveries
132
1,406
34
1,572
Provision (credit) for loan and lease losses
14,328
21,537
2,838
38,703
Balance at December 31, 2023
$
81,410
$
29,557
$
6,555
$
117,522
Total loans and leases
$
5,764,529
$
2,399,668
$
1,477,392
$
9,641,589
Total allowance for loan and lease losses as a percentage of total loans and leases
1.41
%
1.23
%
0.44
%
1.22
%
Year Ended December 31, 2022
Commercial Real Estate
Commercial
Consumer
Total
(In Thousands)
Balance at December 31, 2021
$
69,213
$
27,055
$
2,816
$
99,084
Charge-offs
(37)
(5,068)
(28)
(5,133)
Recoveries
24
1,725
64
1,813
Provision (credit) for loan and lease losses
(1,046)
2,892
872
2,718
Balance at December 31, 2022
$
68,154
$
26,604
$
3,724
$
98,482
Total loans and leases
$
4,404,148
$
2,016,499
$
1,223,741
$
7,644,388
Total allowance for loan and lease losses as a percentage of total loans and leases
Allowance for loan and lease losses as a percentage of total loans and leases
1.69
%
1.43
%
0.24
%
1.38
%
Year Ended December 31, 2020
Commercial Real Estate
Commercial
Consumer
Total
(In Thousands)
Balance at December 31, 2019
$
30,285
$
24,826
$
5,971
$
61,082
Adoption of ASU 2016-13 (CECL)
11,694
(2,672)
(2,390)
6,632
Balance at beginning of period, adjusted
41,979
22,154
3,581
67,714
Charge-offs
(3,514)
(11,113)
(36)
(14,663)
Recoveries
94
1,407
201
1,702
Provision (credit) for loan and lease losses
41,573
17,050
1,003
59,626
Balance at December 31, 2020
$
80,132
$
29,498
$
4,749
$
114,379
Total loans and leases
$
3,823,826
$
2,274,899
$
1,170,828
$
7,269,553
Allowance for loan and lease losses as a percentage of total loans and leases
2.10
%
1.30
%
0.41
%
1.57
%
Year Ended December 31, 2019
Commercial Real Estate
Commercial
Consumer
Total
(In Thousands)
Balance at December 31, 2018
$
28,187
$
25,283
$
5,222
$
58,692
Charge-offs
—
(8,911)
(127)
(9,038)
Recoveries
—
1,688
179
1,867
Provision (credit) for loan and lease losses
2,098
6,766
697
9,561
Balance at December 31, 2019
$
30,285
$
24,826
$
5,971
$
61,082
Total loans and leases
$
3,669,222
$
1,838,748
$
1,229,846
$
6,737,816
Allowance for loan and lease losses as a percentage of total loans and leases
0.83
%
1.35
%
0.49
%
0.91
%
At December 31, 2023, the allowance for loan and lease losses increased to $117.5 million, or 1.22% of total loans and leases outstanding. This compared to an allowance for loan and lease losses of $98.5 million, or 1.29% of total loans and leases outstanding, as of December 31, 2022.
Net charge-offs in the loans and leases portfolio for the years ending December 31, 2023 and 2022 were $19.7 million and $3.3 million, respectively. The $16.4 million increase in net charge-offs was primarily driven by net charge-off increases of $13.1 million in commercial loans, $2.2 million in equipment financing loans, and $1.1 million in commercial real estate loans.
Management believes that the allowance for loan and lease losses as of December 31, 2023 is appropriate based on the facts and circumstances discussed further below.
The following tables set forth the Company's percent of allowance for loan and lease losses to the total allowance for loan and lease losses and the percent of loans to total loans for each of the categories listed at the dates indicated.
Investment Securities and Restricted Equity Securities
The investment portfolio exists primarily for liquidity purposes, and secondarily as sources of interest and dividend income, interest-rate risk management and tax planning as a counterbalance to loan and deposit flows. Investment securities are utilized as part of the Company's asset/liability management and may be sold in response to, or in anticipation of, factors such as changes in market conditions and interest rates, security prepayment rates, deposit outflows, liquidity concentrations and regulatory capital requirements.
The investment policy of the Company, which is reviewed and approved by the Board of Directors on an annual basis, specifies the types of investments that are acceptable, required investment ratings by at least one nationally recognized rating agency, concentration limits and duration guidelines. Compliance with the investment policy is monitored on a regular basis. In general, the Company seeks to maintain a high degree of liquidity and targets cash, cash equivalents and investment securities available-for-sale balances between 10% and 30% of total assets.
Cash, cash equivalents, and investment securities increased $9.9 million, or 1.0%, to $1.05 billion as of December 31, 2023 compared to $1.04 billion as of December 31, 2022. The increase was primarily driven by a increase in investment securities available-for-sale. Cash, cash equivalents, and investment securities were 9.22% of total assets as of December 31, 2023, compared to 11.32% of total assets at December 31, 2022.
The following table sets forth certain information regarding the amortized cost and market value of the Company's investment securities at the dates indicated:
At December 31,
2023
2022
2021
Amortized Cost
Fair Value
Amortized Cost
Fair Value
Amortized Cost
Fair Value
(In Thousands)
Investment securities available-for-sale:
GSE debentures
$
220,604
$
201,127
$
176,751
$
152,422
$
219,723
$
217,505
GSE CMOs
66,463
61,617
19,977
18,220
27,892
28,139
GSE MBSs
186,614
169,997
159,824
140,576
196,930
199,772
Municipal obligations
18,785
18,922
—
—
—
—
Corporate debt obligations
20,521
19,716
14,076
13,764
22,178
22,683
U.S. Treasury bonds
470,764
444,737
362,850
331,307
253,878
252,268
Foreign government obligations
500
485
500
477
500
499
Total investment securities available-for-sale
$
984,251
$
916,601
$
733,978
$
656,766
$
721,101
$
720,866
Restricted equity securities:
FHLB stock
$
55,548
$
52,914
$
10,488
FRB stock
21,881
18,241
18,241
Other
166
152
252
Total restricted equity securities
$
77,595
$
71,307
$
28,981
Total investment securities and restricted equity securities primarily consist of investment securities available-for-sale, stock in the FHLB and stock in the FRB. The total securities portfolio increased $266.1 million, or 36.6% since December 31, 2022. As of December 31, 2023, the total securities portfolio was 8.73% of total assets, compared to 7.93% of total assets as of December 31, 2022.
The fair value of investment securities is based principally on market prices and dealer quotes received from third-party, nationally-recognized pricing services for identical investment securities such as U.S. Treasury and agency securities. The Company's equity securities held-for-trading are priced this way and are included in Level 1. These prices are validated by comparing the primary pricing source with an alternative pricing source when available. When quoted market prices for identical securities are unavailable, the Company uses market prices provided by independent pricing services based on recent trading activity and other observable information, including but not limited to market interest-rate curves, referenced credit spreads and estimated prepayment speeds where applicable. These investments include certain U.S. and government agency debt securities, municipal and corporate debt securities, U.S. Government-sponsored enterprises ("GSE") residential mortgage backed securities ("MBSs") and collateralized mortgage obligations ("CMOs"), trust preferred securities, and equity securities held-for-trading.
Additionally, management reviews changes in fair value from period to period and performs testing to ensure that prices received from the third parties are consistent with their expectation of the market. Changes in the prices obtained from the pricing service are analyzed from month to month, taking into consideration changes in market conditions including changes in mortgage spreads, changes in U.S. Treasury security yields and changes in generic pricing of 15-year and 30-year securities. Additional analysis may include a review of prices provided by other independent parties, a yield analysis, a review of average life changes using Bloomberg analytics and a review of historical pricing for the particular security.
As of December 31, 2023, the fair value of all investment securities available-for-sale was $916.6 million and carried a total of $67.7 million of net unrealized losses, compared to a fair value of $656.8 million and net unrealized losses of $77.2 million as of December 31, 2022. As of December 31, 2023, $717.2 million, or 77.8%, of the portfolio, had gross unrealized losses of $69.0 million. This compares to $630.5 million, or 96.0%, of the portfolio with gross unrealized losses of $77.5 million as of December 31, 2022. The Company's unrealized loss position decreased in 2023 driven by a change in the portfolio mix from shorter duration MBS to longer duration U.S. Treasury bonds. For additional discussion on investment securities available-for-sale by security type, see Note 4, "Investment Securities."
The Company reviews its debt securities portfolio on a quarterly basis in accordance with ASC 326. This analysis is done using probability of default and loss given default assumptions where a model is created to determine CECL for the remaining life of the securities. For the year ended December 31, 2023, the Company recognized $0.4 million as an allowance for credit loss. For additional discussion on how the Company validates fair values provided by the third-party pricing service, see Note 21, “Fair Value of Financial Instruments.”
Maturities, calls and principal repayments for investment securities available-for-sale totaled $272.4 million for the year ended December 31, 2023 compared to $98.6 million for the same period in 2022. For the year ended December 31, 2023, the Company sold $230.0 million of investment securities available for sale, compared to $78.8 million for the same period in 2022. For the year ended December 31, 2023, the Company purchased $362.9 million of investment securities available-for-sale, compared to $197.6 million for the same period in 2022.
Restricted Equity Securities
FHLB Stock—The Company invests in the stock of the FHLB of Boston and New York as one of the requirements to borrow. As of December 31, 2023 on 2022, the Company did not have excess balance of capital stock.
As of December 31, 2023, the Company owned stock in the FHLB of Boston and New York with a carrying value of $55.5 million, an increase of $2.6 million from $52.9 million as of December 31, 2022. The Company continually reviews its investment to determine if impairment exists. The Company reviews recent public filings, rating agency analysis and other factors when making its determination. See Note 5, "Restricted Equity Securities" to the consolidated financial statements for further information about the FHLB.
Federal Reserve Bank Stock—The Company invests in the stock of the Federal Reserve Bank of Boston and New York, as a condition of the membership for the Banks in the Federal Reserve System. In 2023, the Company maintained its investment in the stock of the Federal Reserve Banks to adjust for deposit growth. The FRB is the primary federal regulator for the Company and the Banks.
Carrying Value, Weighted Average Yields, and Contractual Maturities of Investment and Restricted Equity Securities
The table below sets forth certain information regarding the carrying value, weighted average yields and contractual maturities of the Company's investment and restricted equity securities portfolio at the date indicated.
The following table presents the Company's deposit mix at the dates indicated.
At December 31,
2023
2022
2021
Amount
Percent of Total
Weighted Average Rate
Amount
Percent of Total
Weighted Average Rate
Amount
Percent of Total
Weighted Average Rate
(Dollars in Thousands)
Non-interest-bearing deposits:
Demand checking accounts
$
1,678,406
19.6
%
—
%
$
1,802,518
27.6
%
—
%
$
1,888,462
26.8
%
—
%
Interest-bearing deposits:
NOW accounts
661,863
7.8
%
0.60
%
544,118
8.3
%
0.18
%
604,097
8.6
%
0.08
%
Savings accounts
1,669,018
19.5
%
2.63
%
762,271
11.7
%
0.70
%
915,804
13.0
%
0.09
%
Money market accounts
2,082,810
24.4
%
3.07
%
2,174,952
33.4
%
1.63
%
2,358,306
33.5
%
0.26
%
Certificate of deposit accounts
1,574,855
18.4
%
3.88
%
928,143
14.2
%
1.68
%
1,117,695
15.9
%
0.71
%
Brokered deposit accounts
881,173
10.3
%
4.36
%
310,144
4.8
%
3.00
%
165,542
2.3
%
0.04
%
Total interest-bearing deposits
6,869,719
80.4
%
3.08
%
4,719,628
72.4
%
1.41
%
5,161,444
73.2
%
0.30
%
Total deposits
$
8,548,125
100.0
%
2.48
%
$
6,522,146
100.0
%
1.02
%
$
7,049,906
100.0
%
0.22
%
The Company seeks to increase its core deposits and decrease its loan-to-deposit ratio over time, while continuing to increase deposits as a percentage of total funding sources. The Company's loan-to-deposit ratio was 112.8% as of December 31, 2023, compared to 117.2% as of December 31, 2022.
Total deposits increased $2.0 billion, or 31.1%, to $8.5 billion as of December 31, 2023, compared to $6.5 billion as of December 31, 2022. Deposits as a percentage of total assets increased from 71.0% as of December 31, 2022 to 75.1% as of December 31, 2023. The increase in deposits as a percentage of total assets is due to increases in all deposit accounts, except money market accounts.
In 2023, core deposits increased $0.8 billion. The ratio of core deposits to total deposits decreased from 81.0% as of December 31, 2022 to 71.3% as of December 31, 2023, as a result of increases in certificate of deposit and brokered deposit accounts.
Certificate of deposit accounts increased $646.7 million to $1.6 billion as of December 31, 2023, compared to $0.9 billion as of December 31, 2022. Certificate of deposit accounts increased as a percentage of total deposits to 18.4% as of December 31, 2023 from 14.2% as of December 31, 2022.
Brokered deposits increased $571.0 million to $881.2 million as of December 31, 2023, compared to $310.1 million as of December 31, 2022. Brokered deposits increased as a percentage of total deposits to 10.3% as of December 31, 2023 from 4.8% as of December 31, 2022. The increase in brokered deposits was primarily driven by the purchase of brokered certificate of deposits. Brokered deposits allow the Company to seek additional funding by attracting deposits from outside the Company's core market. The Company's investment policy limits the amount of brokered deposits to 15% of total assets.
The following table sets forth the distribution of the average balances of the Company's deposit accounts for the years indicated and the weighted average interest rates on each category of deposits presented. Averages for the years presented are based on daily balances.
As of December 31, 2023 and 2022, the Company had outstanding certificate of deposit of $250,000 or more, maturing as follows:
At December 31,
2023
2022
Amount
Weighted Average Rate
Amount
Weighted Average Rate
(Dollars in Thousands)
Maturity period:
Six months or less
$
291,049
4.02
%
$
108,100
1.32
%
Over six months through 12 months
163,277
4.59
%
62,489
1.82
%
Over 12 months
29,637
3.91
%
101,654
2.96
%
Total certificate of deposit of $250,000 or more
$
483,963
4.21
%
$
272,243
2.05
%
The following table presents the Company's insured and uninsured deposit mix at the date indicated.
At December 31, 2023
(Dollars in Millions)
Commercial
Consumer
Municipal
Brokered
Total
%
Insured or Collateralized
$
2,048
$
3,085
$
239
$
881
$
6,253
73
%
Uninsured
1,315
958
22
—
2,295
27
%
Total
$
3,363
$
4,043
$
261
$
881
$
8,548
100
%
Composition
39
%
47
%
3
%
10
%
100
%
As of December 31, 2023, the Company had uninsured municipal deposits requiring collateral of $148.1 million, included in Insured or Collateralized in the table above, which are covered by specific collateral and FHLB letters of credit. The remaining deposits, included in Insured or Collateralized in the table above, are insured with the FDIC or via reciprocal products.
The following table sets forth certain information regarding FHLB advances, subordinated debentures and notes and other borrowed funds for the periods indicated:
Year Ended December 31,
2023
2022
2021
(Dollars in Thousands)
Borrowed funds:
Average balance outstanding
$
1,301,905
$
542,923
$
404,814
Maximum amount outstanding at any month end during the year
1,630,102
1,432,652
686,346
Balance outstanding at end of year
1,376,670
1,432,652
357,321
Weighted average interest rate for the period
4.69
%
2.87
%
2.06
%
Weighted average interest rate at end of period
5.01
%
4.41
%
1.70
%
Advances from the FHLB of Boston and FHLB of New York
On a long-term basis, the Company intends to continue to increase its core deposits. The Company also uses FHLB borrowings and other wholesale borrowings as part of the Company's overall strategy to fund loan growth and manage interest-rate risk and liquidity. The advances are secured by a blanket security agreement which requires the Banks to maintain certain qualifying assets as collateral, principally mortgage loans and securities in an aggregate amount at least equal to outstanding advances. The maximum amount that the FHLBs will advance to member institutions, including the Company, fluctuates from time to time in accordance with the policies of the FHLBs. The Company may also borrow from the FRB's "discount window" as necessary.
FHLB borrowings decreased $14.6 million to $1.22 billion as of December 31, 2023 from $1.24 billion as of December 31, 2022. The decrease in FHLB borrowings was primarily due to lower liquidity needs. The Company's remaining borrowing capacity from the FHLB of Boston and FHLB of New York for advances and repurchase agreements was $1.3 billion as of December 31, 2023.
Other Borrowed Funds
In addition to advances from the FHLB and subordinated debentures and notes, the Company utilizes other funding
sources as part of the overall liquidity strategy. Those funding sources include repurchase agreements and committed and uncommitted lines of credit with several financial institutions.
The Company periodically enters into repurchase agreements with its larger deposit and commercial customers as part of its cash management services which are typically overnight borrowings. Repurchase agreements with customers decreased
$42.7 million to $9.3 million as of December 31, 2023 from $52.0 million as of December 31, 2022.
As of December 31, 2023, the Banks also have access to funding through certain uncommitted lines via American Financial Exchange ("AFX") as well as other large financial institution specific lines.
The Company has access to the FRB's "discount window" to supplement its liquidity. The Company has $273.0 million of borrowing capacity at the FRB as of December 31, 2023. As of December 31, 2023, the Company did not have any borrowings with the FRB outstanding. As of December 31, 2023, the Company had no borrowings outstanding with these committed and uncommitted lines.
Subordinated Debentures and Notes
In connection with the acquisition of Bancorp Rhode Island, Inc., the Company assumed three subordinated debentures issued by a subsidiary of Bancorp Rhode Island, Inc.
On September 15, 2014, the Company offered $75.0 million of 6.0% fixed-to-floating subordinated notes due September
15, 2029. The Company is obligated to pay 6.0% interest semiannually between September 2014 and September 2024. Subsequently, the Company is obligated to pay 3-month LIBOR plus 3.315% quarterly until the notes mature in September 2029. As of December 31, 2023, the Company had capitalized costs of $0.6 million in relation to the issuance of these subordinated notes.
The Company has entered into loan level derivatives, risk participation agreements, and foreign exchange contracts with certain commercial customers and concurrently enters into offsetting swaps with third-party financial institutions. The Company may also, from time to time, enter into risk participation agreements. The Company uses interest rate futures that are designated and qualify as cash flow hedging instruments.
The following table summarizes certain information concerning the Company's loan level derivatives, risk participation agreements, and foreign exchange contracts at December 31, 2023 and 2022:
At December 31, 2023
At December 31, 2022
(Dollars in Thousands)
Interest rate derivatives (Notional amounts):
$
225,000
$
150,000
Loan level derivatives (Notional Amount):
Receive fixed, pay variable
$
1,733,198
$
1,489,709
Pay fixed, receive variable
1,733,198
1,489,709
Risk participation-out agreements
542,387
393,624
Risk participation-in agreements
100,313
75,223
Foreign exchange contracts (Notional Amount)
Buys foreign currency, sells U.S. currency
$
3,262
$
2,383
Sells foreign currency, buys U.S. currency
3,895
2,400
Fixed weighted average interest rate of the swap portfolio
2.96
%
2.65
%
Floating weighted average interest rate of the swap portfolio
5.70
%
4.68
%
Weighted average remaining term to maturity (in months)
The Company's total stockholders' equity was $1,198.6 million as of December 31, 2023, representing a $206.5 million increase compared to $992.1 million at December 31, 2022. The increase for the twelve months ended December 31, 2023, primarily reflects the acquisition of PCSB of $167 million, net income attributable to the Company of $75.0 million, unrealized gain on securities available-for-sale of $7.6 million, partially offset by dividends paid by the Company of $47.9 million.
For the year ended December 31, 2023, the dividend payout ratio was 63.9%, compared to 36.5% for the year ended December 31, 2022. The dividends paid in the fourth quarter of 2023 represented the Company's 99th consecutive quarter of dividend payments. The Company's quarterly dividend distribution was $0.135 per share for each quarter of 2023.
Stockholders' equity represented 10.53% of total assets as of December 31, 2023 and 10.80% of total assets as of December 31, 2022. Tangible stockholders' equity (total stockholders' equity less goodwill and identified intangible assets, net) represented 8.39% of tangible assets (total assets less goodwill and identified intangible assets, net) as of December 31, 2023 and 9.20% as of December 31, 2022.
On November 10, 2021, the Company's Board of Directors (the "Board") approved a stock repurchase program authorizing management to repurchase up to $20.0 million of the Company's common stock, commencing on November 15, 2021 and ending on December 31, 2022. On June 24, 2022, the Company suspended the program. As of June 24, 2022, 956,341 shares of the Company's common stock were repurchased by the Company at the weighted average price of $14.41.
Results of Operations
The primary drivers of the Company's net income are net interest income, which is strongly affected by the net yield on and growth of interest-earning assets and liabilities ("net interest margin"), the quality of the Company's assets, its levels of non-interest income and non-interest expense, and its tax provision.
The Company's net interest income represents the difference between interest income earned on its investments, loans and leases, and its cost of funds. Interest income is dependent on the amount of interest-earning assets outstanding during the period and the yield earned thereon. Cost of funds is a function of the average amount of deposits and borrowed money outstanding during the year and the interest rates paid thereon. The net interest margin is calculated by dividing net interest income by average interest-earning assets. Net interest spread is the difference between the average rate earned on interest-earning assets and the average rate paid on interest-bearing liabilities. The increases or decreases, as applicable, in the components of interest income and interest expense, expressed in terms of fluctuation in average volume and rate, are summarized under "Rate/Volume Analysis" below. Information as to the components of interest income, interest expense and average rates is provided under "Average Balances, Net Interest Income, Interest-Rate Spread and Net Interest Margin" below.
Because the Company's assets and liabilities are not identical in duration and in repricing dates, the differential between the two is vulnerable to changes in market interest rates as well as the overall shape of the yield curve. These vulnerabilities are inherent to the business of banking and are commonly referred to as "interest-rate risk." How interest-rate risk is measured and, once measured, how much interest-rate risk is taken are based on numerous assumptions and other subjective judgments. See the discussion in the "Measuring Interest-Rate Risk" section of Item 7A, "Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk" below.
The quality of the Company's assets also influences its earnings. Loans and leases that are not paid on a timely basis and exhibit other weaknesses can result in the loss of principal and/or interest income. Additionally, the Company must make timely provisions to the allowance for loan and lease losses based on estimates of probable losses inherent in the loan and lease portfolio. These additions, which are charged against earnings, are necessarily greater when greater probable losses are expected. Further, the Company incurs expenses as a result of resolving troubled assets. These variables reflect the "credit risk" that the Company takes on in the ordinary course of business and are further discussed under "Financial Condition—Asset Quality" above.
Average Balances, Net Interest Income, Interest-Rate Spread and Net Interest Margin
The following table sets forth information about the Company's average balances, interest income and interest rates earned on average interest-earning assets, interest expense and interest rates paid on average interest-bearing liabilities, interest-rate spread and net interest margin for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021. Average balances are derived from daily average balances and yields include fees, costs and purchase-accounting-related premiums and discounts which are considered adjustments to coupon yields in accordance with GAAP.
(1) Tax-exempt income on debt securities, equity securities and industrial revenue bonds are included in commercial real estate loans on a tax-equivalent basis.
(2) Loans on nonaccrual status are included in the average balances.
(3) Including non-interest-bearing checking accounts, the average interest rate on total deposits was 2.08%, 0.43% and 0.30% in the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021, respectively.
(4) Interest-rate spread represents the difference between the yield on interest-earning assets and the cost of interest-bearing liabilities.
(5) Net interest margin represents net interest income (tax equivalent basis) divided by average interest-earning assets.
See "Comparison of Years Ended December 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022" and "Comparison of Years Ended December 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021" below for a discussion of average assets and liabilities, net interest income, interest-rate spread and net interest margin.
The following table presents, on a tax-equivalent basis, the extent to which changes in interest rates and changes in volume of interest-earning assets and interest-bearing liabilities have affected the Company's interest income and interest expense during the periods indicated. Information is provided in each category with respect to: (i) changes attributable to changes in volume (changes in volume multiplied by prior rate), (ii) changes attributable to changes in rate (changes in rate multiplied by prior volume), and (iii) the net change. The changes attributable to the combined impact of volume and rate have been allocated proportionately to the changes due to volume and the changes due to rate.
Year Ended
December 31, 2023
Compared to Year Ended
December 31, 2022
Year Ended
December 31, 2022
Compared to Year Ended
December 31, 2021
Increase (Decrease) Due To
Increase (Decrease) Due To
Volume
Rate
Net Change
Volume
Rate
Net Change
(In Thousands)
Interest and dividend income:
Investments:
Debt securities
$
5,497
$
11,315
$
16,812
$
(385)
$
1,286
$
901
Marketable and restricted equity securities
2,423
1,251
3,674
101
625
726
Short-term investments
1,081
5,808
6,889
(203)
1,391
1,188
Total investments
9,001
18,374
27,375
(487)
3,302
2,815
Loans and leases:
Commercial real estate loans
67,228
67,613
134,841
14,740
18,620
33,360
Commercial loans and leases
9,708
15,297
25,005
(12,629)
(913)
(13,542)
Equipment financing
8,952
7,393
16,345
4,410
(549)
3,861
Consumer loans
11,098
17,705
28,803
1,454
5,699
7,153
Total loans
96,986
108,008
204,994
7,975
22,857
30,832
Total change in interest and dividend income
105,987
126,382
232,369
7,488
26,159
33,647
Interest expense:
Deposits:
NOW accounts
205
3,217
3,422
116
244
360
Savings accounts
2,196
23,550
25,746
121
1,157
1,278
Money market accounts
(1,258)
44,019
42,761
281
8,897
9,178
Certificate of deposit accounts
4,836
31,076
35,912
(1,884)
(1,664)
(3,548)
Brokered deposit accounts
28,741
9,491
38,232
(1,100)
2,711
1,611
Total deposits
34,720
111,353
146,073
(2,466)
11,345
8,879
Borrowed funds:
Advances from the FHLB
32,236
10,876
43,112
2,015
4,038
6,053
Subordinated debentures and notes
9
334
343
9
157
166
Other borrowed funds
76
2,557
2,633
78
1,083
1,161
Total borrowed funds
32,321
13,767
46,088
2,102
5,278
7,380
Total change in interest expense
67,041
125,120
192,161
(364)
16,623
16,259
Change in tax-exempt income
268
—
268
(10)
—
(10)
Change in net interest income
$
38,678
$
1,262
$
39,940
$
7,862
$
9,536
$
17,398
See "Comparison of Years Ended December 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022" and "Comparison of Years Ended December 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021" below for a discussion of changes in interest income, interest-rate spread and net interest margin resulting from changes in rates and volumes.
Comparison of Years Ended December 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022
Net Interest Income
Net interest income increased $39.9 million to $339.7 million for the year ended December 31, 2023 from $299.8 million for the year ended December 31, 2022. The increase year over year reflects a $205.0 million increase in interest income on loans and leases, along with a $27.1 million increase in interest income on debt securities, short term investments and restricted equity securities, offset by a $192.2 million increase in interest expense on deposits and borrowings, which is reflective of the increase in volume and rising interest rate environment.
Net interest margin decreased by 43 basis points to 3.24% in 2023 from 3.67% in 2022. The Company's weighted average interest rate on loans (prior to purchase accounting adjustments) increased to 5.72% for the year ended December 31, 2023 from 4.49% for the year ended December 31, 2022.
The yield on interest-earning assets increased to 5.50% for the year ended December 31, 2023 from 4.22% for the year ended December 31, 2022. The increase is the result of higher yields on loans and leases and investments. The Company recorded $2.9 million in prepayment penalties and late charges, which contributed 3 basis points to yields on interest-earning assets for the year ended December 31, 2023 compared to $4.8 million, or 6 basis points, for the year ended December 31, 2022.
The cost of funds increased 218 basis points to 3.00% for the year ended December 31, 2023 from 0.82% for the year ended December 31, 2022. Refer to "Financial Condition - Borrowed Funds" above for more details.
Management seeks to position the balance sheet to be neutral to assets sensitive changes in interest rates. From 2017 through 2019, short term interest rates rose while at the same time net interest income, net interest spread, and net interest margin also increased. During 2020, interest rates declined sharply in response to the economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic, and began to increase in the first quarter of 2022. In recent months, the Treasury yield curve has inverted and flattened at the long end. Short term rates have risen sharply due to multiple rate hikes implemented by the FRB. The shape of the curve indicates rates will begin to decline within a year and flatten around the 7-year mark. The short term increase in rates positively affected the Company's net interest income, net interest spread, and net interest margin initially. As is expected in the near term, the net interest margin is compressing as deposit pricing "catches up" and investable funds migrate among depository and non-depository categories. Management expects this to persist for a quarter or two after the FRB stops increasing rates, after which time net interest margin is expected to stabilize and then increase as loans continue to reprice into the higher rate environment. To the extent that the FRB cuts rates in the near term, net interest income and net interest margin will be highly dependent on the ability to move deposit pricing down in the same magnitude of the cuts to achieve margin expansion.
Interest Income—Loans and Leases
Year Ended December 31,
Dollar Change
Percent Change
2023
2022
(Dollars in Thousands)
Interest income—loans and leases:
Commercial real estate loans
$
307,652
$
172,811
$
134,841
78.0
%
Commercial loans
58,878
33,896
24,982
73.7
%
Equipment financing
92,112
75,767
16,345
21.6
%
Residential mortgage loans
46,350
29,726
16,624
55.9
%
Other consumer loans
28,747
16,569
12,178
73.5
%
Total interest income—loans and leases
$
533,739
$
328,769
$
204,970
62.3
%
Interest income from loans and leases was $533.7 million for 2023, and represented a yield on total loans of 5.72%. This compares to $328.8 million of interest on loans and leases and a yield of 4.49% for 2022. The $205.0 million increase in interest income from loans and leases was driven by the acquisition of PCSB Bank, along with an increase of $97.0 million in origination volume, and an increase of $108.0 million in interest rates changes.
Total investment income was $43.5 million for the year ended December 31, 2023 compared to $16.4 million for the year ended December 31, 2022. As of December 31, 2023, the yield on total investments was 3.72% compared to 1.94% as of December 31, 2022. This year over year increase in total investment income of $27.1 million, or 165.3%, was driven by a $18.4 million increase due to rates and a $9.0 million increase due to volume.
Interest Expense—Deposits and Borrowed Funds
Year Ended December 31,
Dollar Change
Percent Change
2023
2022
(Dollars in Thousands)
Interest expense:
Deposits:
NOW accounts
$
4,275
$
853
$
3,422
401.2
%
Savings accounts
27,974
2,228
25,746
1155.6
%
Money market accounts
58,153
15,392
42,761
277.8
%
Certificate of deposit accounts
44,122
8,210
35,912
437.4
%
Brokered deposit accounts
41,141
2,909
38,232
1,314.3
%
Total interest expense—deposits
175,665
29,592
146,073
493.6
%
Borrowed funds:
Advances from the FHLB
52,467
9,355
43,112
460.8
%
Subordinated debentures and notes
5,476
5,133
343
6.7
%
Other borrowed funds
3,968
1,335
2,633
197.2
%
Total interest expense—borrowed funds
61,911
15,823
46,088
291.3
%
Total interest expense
$
237,576
$
45,415
$
192,161
423.1
%
Deposits
In 2023, interest paid on deposits increased $146.1 million, or 493.6%, compared to 2022. The increase in interest expense on deposits was driven by an increase of $111.4 million due to higher interest rates and an increase of $34.7 million primarily driven by the growth in volume of average brokered deposits and certificate of deposit balances. For the year ended December 31, 2023, purchase accounting amortization was $1.3 million on acquired deposits and one basis point. The Company did not record any purchase accounting amortization in 2022.
Borrowed Funds
As of December 31, 2023, the Company's borrowed funds include $1.2 billion in FHLB borrowings, $84.2 million in subordinated debentures and notes, and $69.3 million in other borrowed funds. In 2023, the average balance of FHLB borrowings increased $752.4 million, or 220.9%, the average balance of other borrowed funds, which includes repurchase agreements and other borrowings, increased $6.4 million, or 5.4%, and the average balance of subordinated debentures and notes increased $145.0 thousand, or 0.2%, for the year ended December 31, 2023.
For the year ended December 31, 2023, interest paid on borrowed funds increased $46.1 million, or 291.3% year over year. The cost of borrowed funds increased to 4.69% for the year ended December 31, 2023 from 2.87% for the year ended December 31, 2022. The increase in interest expense was driven by an increase of $32.3 million due to volume and an increase of $13.8 million due to borrowing rates. For the year ended December 31, 2023, purchase accounting amortization was $0.3
million on acquired borrowed funds compared to amortization of $0.1 million for the year ended December 31, 2022. Purchase accounting amortization had no impact on the Company's net interest margin.
Provision for Credit Losses
The provisions for credit losses are set forth below:
Year Ended December 31,
2023
2022
(In Thousands)
Provision (credit) for credit losses:
Commercial real estate
$
14,328
$
(1,046)
Commercial
21,537
2,892
Consumer
2,838
872
Total provision (credit) for loan and lease losses
38,703
2,718
Unfunded credit commitments
(835)
5,807
Investment securities available-for-sale
339
102
Total provision (credit) for credit losses
$
38,207
$
8,627
For the year ended December 31, 2023, the provision for credit losses increased $29.6 million to $38.2 million from $8.6 million for the year ended December 31, 2022. This increase in the provision for 2023 is largely driven by a $16 million increase in acquired loans as a result of the PCSB acquisition.
See management’s discussion of “Financial Condition — Allowance for Loan and Lease Losses” and Note 7, “Allowance for Credit Losses,” to the audited consolidated financial statements for a description of how management determined the allowance for loan and lease losses for each portfolio and class of loans.
Non-Interest Income
The following table sets forth the components of non-interest income:
Year Ended December 31,
Dollar Change
Percent Change
2023
2022
(Dollars in Thousands)
Deposit fees
$
11,611
$
10,919
$
692
6.3
%
Loan fees
2,036
2,208
(172)
(7.8)
%
Loan level derivative income, net
3,890
4,246
(356)
(8.4)
%
Gain (loss) on sales of investment securities, net
1,704
321
1,383
430.8
%
Gain on sales of loans and leases
2,581
4,136
(1,555)
(37.6)
%
Other
10,112
6,517
3,595
55.2
%
Total non-interest income
$
31,934
$
28,347
$
3,587
12.7
%
For the year ended December 31, 2023, non-interest income increased $3.6 million, or 12.7%, to $31.9 million compared to $28.3 million for the same period in 2022. The increase was primarily driven by increases of $3.6 million in other income and $1.4 million in gain on sales of investment securities, net, partially offset by a decrease of $1.6 million in gain on sales of loans and leases.
Other income increased $3.6 million, or 55.2%, to $10.1 million for the year ended December 31, 2023 from $6.5 million for the same period in 2022, primarily driven by higher gain on interest rate derivatives, BOLI income, and wealth management income.
Gain on sales of loans and leases decreased $1.6 million, or 37.6%, to $2.6 million for the year ended December 31, 2023 from $4.1 million for the same period in 2022, primarily driven by a decrease in loan participations in 2023.
For the year ended December 31, 2023, gain on sales of investment securities increased $1.4 million, or 430.8%, to $1.7 million, compared to a gain of $0.3 million for the same period in 2022, primarily driven by a $1.7 million gain on sales of investments from the repositioning of the PCSB portfolio.
Non-Interest Expense
The following table sets forth the components of non-interest expense:
Year Ended December 31,
Dollar Change
Percent Change
2023
2022
(Dollars in Thousands)
Compensation and employee benefits
$
138,895
$
113,487
$
25,408
22.4
%
Occupancy
20,203
16,002
4,201
26.3
%
Equipment and data processing
27,004
20,833
6,171
29.6
%
Professional services
7,226
5,060
2,166
42.8
%
FDIC insurance
7,844
3,177
4,667
146.9
%
Advertising and marketing
4,724
4,980
(256)
(5.1)
%
Amortization of identified intangible assets
7,840
494
7,346
1487.0
%
Merger and acquisition expense
7,411
2,249
5,162
229.5
%
Other
18,377
13,260
5,117
38.6
%
Total non-interest expense
$
239,524
$
179,542
$
59,982
33.4
%
For the year ended December 31, 2023, non-interest expense increased $60.0 million, or 33.4%, to $239.5 million compared to $179.5 million for the same period in 2022. The increase was primarily driven by increases of $25.4 million in compensation and employee benefits, $7.3 million in amortization of identified intangible assets, $6.2 million in equipment and data processing, $5.2 million in merger and acquisition expense, $5.1 million in other expense, $4.7 million in FDIC insurance, $4.2 million in occupancy, and $2.2 million in professional services.
The efficiency ratio increased to 64.45% for the year ended December 31, 2023 from 54.72% for the same period in 2022. The increase year over year was primarily driven by higher non-interest expense, partially offset by higher net interest income and non-interest income in 2023.
Compensation and employee benefits expense increased $25.4 million, or 22.4%, to $138.9 million for the year ended December 31, 2023 from $113.5 million for the same period in 2022. The increase was primarily driven by an increase in employee headcount, predominantly from the PCSB acquisition, driving increases in salaries, retirement plan and health care benefits, partially offset by a decrease in incentive/bonus.
Amortization of identified intangible assets expense increased $7.3 million to $7.8 million for the year ended December 31, 2023 from $0.5 million for the same period in 2022. The increase in 2023 was primarily driven by intangible core deposit valuation for the PCSB acquisition.
Equipment and data processing expense increased $6.2 million, or 29.6%, to $27.0 million for the year ended December 31, 2023 from $20.8 million for the same period in 2022. The increase was primarily driven by higher software expenses.
Merger and acquisition expense increased $5.2 million to $7.4 million for the year ended December 31, 2023 from $2.2 million for the same period in 2022. The increase was driven by merger-related expenses related to the PCSB acquisition.
Other expense increased $5.1 million, or 38.6%, to $18.4 million for the year ended December 31, 2023 from $13.3 million for the same period in 2022. The increase was primarily driven by lower deferred loan expenses, higher directors' fees and higher miscellaneous expenses.
The Company recorded income tax expense of $18.9 million for 2023, compared to $30.2 million for 2022. This represents an effective tax rate of 20.1% and 21.6% for 2023 and 2022, respectively. The decrease in the Company's effective tax rate is due to continued participation in energy tax credit investments, and increased benefits in the Company's investments in affordable housing projects.
Comparison of Years Ended December 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021
Net Interest Income
Net interest income increased $17.4 million to $299.8 million for the year ended December 31, 2022 from $282.4 million for the year ended December 31, 2021. The increase year over year reflects a $30.8 million increase in interest income on loans and leases, along with a $2.8 million increase in interest income on investment securities and short term investments, offset by a $16.3 million increase in interest expense on deposit and borrowings, which is reflective of the rising interest rate environment.
Net interest margin increased by 18 basis points to 3.67% in 2022 from 3.49% in 2021. Excluding the Paycheck Protection Program ("PPP") loans, net interest margin increased by 31 basis points to 3.65% in 2022 from 3.34% in 2021. The Company's weighted average interest rate on loans (prior to purchase accounting adjustments) increased to 4.49% for the year ended December 31, 2022 from 4.19% for the year ended December 31, 2021.
The yield on interest-earning assets increased to 4.22% for the year ended December 31, 2022 from 3.85% for the year ended December 31, 2021. This increase is the result of higher yields on loans and leases and investments, partially offset by lower fee income from PPP loans. The Company recorded $4.8 million in prepayment penalties and late charges, which contributed 6 basis points to yields on interest-earning assets for the year ended December 31, 2022 compared to $5.9 million, or 7 basis points, for the year ended December 31, 2021.
The overall cost of funds (including non-interest-bearing demand checking accounts) increased 29 basis points to 0.82% for the year ended December 31, 2022 from 0.53% for the year ended December 31, 2021. Refer to "Financial Condition - Borrowed Funds" above for more details.
Management seeks to position the balance sheet to be neutral to assets sensitive to changes in interest rates. From 2017 through 2019, short term interest rates rose while at the same time net interest income, net interest spread, and net interest margin also increased. During 2020, interest rates declined sharply in response to the economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic, and started to rise in the first quarter of 2022. In recent months, the yield curve has begun to invert and flatten on the long end. Short term rates are continuing to rise due to multiple rate hikes imposed by the FRB. The shape of the curve indicates rates will begin to fall within a year and flatten around the 7-year mark. This type of curve positively effects the Company’s net interest income, net interest spread, and net interest margin in the short term but will have a negative effect in the long term. Due to, among other things, ongoing pricing pressures in the loan and deposit portfolios, net interest income may also be negatively affected by changes in the amount of accretion on acquired loans and leases, deposits and borrowed funds, which is included in interest income and interest expense, respectively.
Interest income from loans and leases was $328.8 million for 2022, and represented a yield on total loans of 4.49%. This compares to $297.9 million of interest on loans and leases and a yield of 4.19% for 2021. The $30.8 million increase in interest income from loans and leases was primarily due to an increase of $8.0 million in origination volume, and an increase of $22.8 million related to interest rates changes.
Interest Income—Investments
Year Ended December 31,
Dollar Change
Percent Change
2022
2021
(Dollars in Thousands)
Interest income—investments:
Debt securities
$
13,079
$
12,178
$
901
7.4
%
Marketable and restricted equity securities
1,898
1,172
726
61.9
%
Short-term investments
1,440
252
1,188
471.4
%
Total interest income—investments
$
16,417
$
13,602
$
2,815
20.7
%
Total investment income was $16.4 million for the year ended December 31, 2022 compared to $13.6 million for the year ended December 31, 2021. As of December 31, 2022, the yield on total investments was 1.94% compared to 1.39% as of December 31, 2021. This year over year increase in total investment income of $2.8 million, or 20.7%, was driven by a $3.3 million increase due to rates and a $0.5 million decrease due to volume.
In 2022, interest paid on deposits increased $8.9 million, or 42.9%, compared to 2021. The increase in interest expense on deposits was driven by an increase of $11.3 million due to higher interest rates, offset by a decrease of $2.5 million primarily driven by the decline in volume of average certificate of deposit and brokered deposit balances.
Borrowed Funds
As of December 31, 2022, the Company's borrowed funds include: $1.2 billion in FHLBB advances, $110.8 million in other borrowed funds, and $84.0 million in subordinated debentures and notes. In 2022, the average balance of FHLBB advances increased $108.4 million, or 46.7%, the average balance of other borrowed funds, which includes repurchase agreements and other borrowings, increased $29.6 million, or 33.3%, and the average balance of subordinated debentures and notes increased $0.2 million, or 0.2%, for the year ended December 31, 2022.
For the year ended December 31, 2022, interest paid on borrowed funds increased $7.4 million, or 87.4% year over year. The cost of borrowed funds increased to 2.87% for the year ended December 31, 2022 from 2.06% for the year ended December 31, 2021. The increase in interest expense was driven by an increase of $5.3 million due to borrowing rates and an increase of $2.1 million due to volume. For the year ended December 31, 2022, purchase accounting accretion was $47.0 thousand on acquired borrowed funds compared to accretion of $51.0 thousand for the year ended December 31, 2021. Purchase accounting accretion had no impact on the Company's net interest margin.
The provisions for credit losses are set forth below:
Year Ended December 31,
2022
2021
(In Thousands)
Provision (credit) for loan and lease losses:
Commercial real estate
$
(1,046)
$
(10,903)
Commercial
2,892
3,480
Consumer
872
(2,138)
Total provision (credit) for loan and lease losses
2,718
(9,561)
Unfunded credit commitments
5,807
1,724
Investment securities available-for-sale
$
102
$
—
Total provision (credit) for credit losses
$
8,627
$
(7,837)
For the year ended December 31, 2022, the provision for credit losses increased $16.4 million to $8.6 million from a credit of $7.8 million for the year ended December 31, 2021. This increase in the provision for 2022 is primarily related to loan growth and projected economic forecasts.
See management’s discussion of “Financial Condition — Allowance for Loan and Lease Losses” and Note 7, “Allowance for Credit Losses,” to the audited consolidated financial statements for a description of how management determined the allowance for loan and lease losses for each portfolio and class of loans.
Non-Interest Income
The following table sets forth the components of non-interest income:
Year Ended December 31,
Dollar Change
Percent Change
2022
2021
(Dollars in Thousands)
Deposit fees
$
10,919
$
10,578
$
341
3.2
%
Loan fees
2,208
2,095
113
5.4
%
Loan level derivative income, net
4,246
4,680
(434)
(9.3)
%
Gain (loss) on sales of investment securities, net
321
(38)
359
(944.7)
%
Gain on sales of loans and leases
4,136
3,737
399
10.7
%
Other
6,517
5,937
580
9.8
%
Total non-interest income
$
28,347
$
26,989
$
1,358
5.0
%
For the year ended December 31, 2022, non-interest income increased $1.4 million, or 5.0%, to $28.3 million compared to $27.0 million for the same period in 2021. The increase was primarily driven by increases of $0.6 million in other income, $0.4 million in gain on sales of loans and leases, and $0.4 million in gain on sales of investment securities, partially offset by a decrease of $0.4 million in loan level derivative income, net.
Other income increased $0.6 million, or 9.8%, to $6.5 million for the year ended December 31, 2022 from $5.9 million for the same period in 2021, primarily driven by higher wealth management income, other income, commissions-insurance agency and rental income, partially offset by higher losses on interest rate derivatives, lower BOLI income, and higher losses on sale of fixed assets.
Gain on sales of loans and leases increased $0.4 million, or 10.7%, to $4.1 million for the year ended December 31, 2022 from $3.7 million for the same period in 2021, primarily driven by an increase in loan participations in 2022.
For the year ended December 31, 2022, gain on sales of investment securities increased $0.4 million, or 944.7%, to $0.3 million, compared to a loss of $38.0 thousand for the same period in 2021, primarily driven by a $6.1 million gain on sales of restricted equity securities, partially offset by a $5.8 million loss on sales of investments.
The following table sets forth the components of non-interest expense:
Year Ended December 31,
Dollar Change
Percent Change
2022
2021
(Dollars in Thousands)
Compensation and employee benefits
$
113,487
$
106,786
$
6,701
6.3
%
Occupancy
16,002
14,961
1,041
7.0
%
Equipment and data processing
20,833
18,322
2,511
13.7
%
Professional services
5,060
4,694
366
7.8
%
FDIC insurance
3,177
2,980
197
6.6
%
Advertising and marketing
4,980
4,167
813
19.5
%
Amortization of identified intangible assets
494
876
(382)
(43.6)
%
Merger and acquisition expense
2,249
—
2,249
N/A
Other
13,260
9,822
3,438
35.0
%
Total non-interest expense
$
179,542
$
162,608
$
16,934
10.4
%
For the year ended December 31, 2022, non-interest expense increased $16.9 million, or 10.4%, to $179.5 million compared to $162.6 million for the same period in 2021. The increase was primarily driven by increases of $6.7 million in compensation and employee benefits, $3.4 million in other expense, $2.5 million in equipment and data processing, $2.2 million in merger and acquisition expense, $1.0 million in occupancy, $0.8 million in advertising and marketing, and $0.4 million in professional services, partially offset by a decrease of $0.4 million in amortization of identified intangible assets.
The efficiency ratio increased to 54.72% for the year ended December 31, 2022 from 52.56% for the same period in 2021. The increase year over year was primarily driven by higher non-interest expense, partially offset by higher net interest income and non-interest income in 2022.
Compensation and employee benefits expense increased $6.7 million, or 6.3%, to $113.5 million for the year ended December 31, 2022 from $106.8 million for the same period in 2021. The increase was primarily driven by increases in employee headcount and salaries and a decrease in salaries deferred costs, partially offset by a decrease in retirement plan benefits.
Equipment and data processing expense increased $2.5 million, or 13.7%, to $20.8 million for the year ended December 31, 2022 from $18.3 million for the same period in 2021. The increase was primarily driven by higher software licenses and subscription expenses, professional services-IT consulting expense, equipment depreciation expense, and ATM maintenance expense.
Merger and acquisition expense increased $2.2 million to $2.2 million for the year ended December 31, 2022. For the same period in 2021, the Company did not incur any merger-related expenses. The increase in 2022 was primarily driven by merger-related expenses related to the PCSB acquisition.
Other expense increased $3.4 million, or 35.0%, to $13.3 million for the year ended December 31, 2022 from $9.8 million for the same period in 2021. The increase was primarily driven by a gain of $2.2 million on the sale of other real estate owned property in 2021, and increases in travel and accommodations expense in 2022, partially offset by decreases in commissions paid to a third party for new leases in 2022.
Net income, before non-controlling interest in subsidiary
$
109,744
$
115,440
$
(5,696)
(4.9)
%
Effective tax rate
21.6
%
25.3
%
N/A
(14.6)
%
The Company recorded income tax expense of $30.2 million for 2022, compared to $39.2 million for 2021. This represents an effective tax rate of 21.6% and 25.3% for 2022 and 2021, respectively. The decrease in the Company's effective tax rate is reflective of the Company's participation in energy tax credit deals done during the third and fourth quarters of 2022.
Liquidity and Capital Resources
Liquidity
Liquidity is defined as the ability to meet current and future financial obligations of a short-term nature. The Company further defines liquidity as the ability to respond to the needs of depositors and borrowers, as well as to earnings enhancement opportunities, in a changing marketplace. Liquidity management is monitored by an Asset/Liability Committee ("ALCO"), consisting of members of management, which is responsible for establishing and monitoring liquidity targets as well as strategies and tactics to meet these targets.
The primary source of funds for the payment of dividends and expenses by the Company are dividends paid to it by the Banks. The primary sources of liquidity for the Banks consist of deposit inflows, loan repayments, borrowed funds, and maturing investment securities.
Deposits, which are considered the most stable source of liquidity, totaled $8.5 billion as of December 31, 2023 and represented 86.1% of total funding (the sum of total deposits and total borrowings), compared to deposits of $6.5 billion, or 82.0% of total funding, as of December 31, 2022. Core deposits, which consist of demand checking, NOW, savings and money market accounts, totaled $6.1 billion as of December 31, 2023 and represented 71.3% of total deposits, compared to core deposits of $5.3 billion, or 81.0% of total deposits, as of December 31, 2022. Additionally, the Company had $881.2 million of brokered deposits as of December 31, 2023, which represented 10.3% of total deposits, compared to $310.1 million or 4.8% of total deposits, as of December 31, 2022. The Company offers attractive interest rates based on market conditions to increase deposits balances, while managing cost of funds.
Borrowings are used to diversify the Company's funding mix and to support asset growth. When profitable lending and investment opportunities exist, access to borrowings provides a means to grow the balance sheet. Borrowings totaled $1.4 billion as of December 31, 2023, representing 13.9% of total funding, compared to $1.4 billion, or 18.0% of total funding, as of December 31, 2022.
As members of the FHLB of Boston and FHLB of New York, the Banks have access to both short- and long-term borrowings. The Company's remaining borrowing capacity from the FHLB of Boston and FHLB of New York for advances and repurchase agreements increased slightly to $1.3 billion as of December 31, 2023 from December 31, 2022, based on the level of qualifying collateral available for these borrowings.
As of December 31, 2023, the Banks also have access to funding through certain uncommitted lines via AFX as well as other large financial institution specific lines.
The Company has access to the FRB's "discount window" to supplement its liquidity. The Company has $273.0 million of borrowing capacity at the FRB as of December 31, 2023. As of December 31, 2023, the Company did not have any borrowings with the FRB outstanding. As of December 31, 2023, the Company had no borrowings outstanding with these committed and uncommitted lines.
Additionally, the Banks have access to liquidity through repurchase agreements and brokered deposits.
In general, the Company seeks to maintain a high degree of liquidity and targets cash, cash equivalents and investment securities available-for-sale balances of between 5% and 15% of total assets. As of December 31, 2023, cash, cash equivalents and investment securities available-for-sale totaled $1.0 billion, or 9.2% of total assets. This compares to $1.0 billion, or 11.3% of total assets as of December 31, 2022.
While management believes that the Company has adequate liquidity to meet its commitments, and to fund the Banks' lending and investment activities, the availabilities of these funding sources are subject to broad economic conditions and could be restricted in the future. Such restrictions would impact the Company's immediate liquidity and/or additional liquidity needs.
Capital Resources
As of December 31, 2023 and 2022, the Company and the Banks were under the primary regulation of and required to comply with the capital requirements of the FRB. At those dates, the Company and the Banks exceeded all regulatory capital requirements and the banks were considered "well-capitalized." See "Supervision and Regulation" in Item 1 and Note 19, "Regulatory Capital Requirements", for the Company's and the Banks' actual and required capital amounts and ratios.
Off-Balance-Sheet Arrangements
The Company is party to off-balance sheet financial instruments in the normal course of business to meet the financing needs of its customers and to reduce its own exposure to fluctuations in interest rates. These financial instruments include loan commitments, standby and commercial letters of credit and loan level derivatives. According to GAAP, these financial instruments are not recorded in the financial statements until they are funded or related fees are incurred or received. The effect of such activity on the Company's financial condition and results of operations, such as recorded liability for unfunded credit commitment, is immaterial. See Note 13, "Commitments and Contingencies," to the consolidated financial statements for a description of off-balance-sheet financial instruments.
Contractual Obligations
A summary of contractual obligations by the expected payment period for the date indicated follows.
(1) These amounts represent commitments made by the Company to extend credit to borrowers as long as there is no violation of any condition established in the contract. Commitments generally have fixed expiration dates or other termination clauses. Since some of the commitments are expected to expire without being drawn upon, the total commitment amount does not necessarily represent future cash requirements.
(2) The Company leases certain office space under various noncancellable operating leases. These leases have terms ranging from 1 year to over 20 years. Certain leases contain renewal options and escalation clauses for real estate taxes and other expenditures which can increase rental expenses based principally on the consumer price index and fair market rental value provisions.
(3) Purchase obligations represent agreements to purchase goods or services that are enforceable and legally binding and specify all significant terms.
Item 7A. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk
Market Risk
Market risk is the risk that the market value or estimated fair value of the Company's assets, liabilities, and derivative financial instruments will decline as a result of changes in interest rates or financial market volatility, or that the Company's net income will be significantly reduced by interest-rate changes.
Interest-Rate Risk
The principal market risk facing the Company is interest-rate risk, which can occur in a variety of forms, including repricing risk, yield-curve risk, basis risk, and prepayment risk. Repricing risk occurs when the change in the average yield of either interest-earning assets or interest-bearing liabilities is more sensitive than the other to changes in market interest rates. Such a change in sensitivity could reflect a number of possible mismatches in the repricing opportunities of the Company's assets and liabilities. Yield-curve risk reflects the possibility that changes in the shape of the yield curve could have different effects on the Company's assets and liabilities. Basis risk occurs when different parts of the balance sheet are subject to varying base rates reflecting the possibility that the spread from those base rates will deviate. Prepayment risk is associated with financial instruments with an option to prepay before the stated maturity, often a disadvantage to person selling the option; this risk is most often associated with the prepayment of loans, callable investments, and callable borrowings.
Asset/Liability Management
Market risk and interest-rate risk management is governed by the Company's Asset/Liability Committee ("ALCO"). The ALCO establishes exposure limits that define the Company's tolerance for interest-rate risk. The ALCO and the Company's Treasury Group measure and manage the composition of the balance sheet over a range of possible changes in interest rates while remaining responsive to market demand for loan and deposit products. The ALCO monitors current exposures versus limits and reports those results to the Board of Directors. The policy limits and guidelines serve as benchmarks for measuring interest-rate risk and for providing a framework for evaluation and interest-rate risk-management decision-making. The Company measures its interest-rate risk by using an asset/liability simulation model. The model considers several factors to determine the Company's potential exposure to interest-rate risk, including measurement of repricing gaps, duration, convexity, value-at-risk, market value of portfolio equity under assumed changes in the level of interest rates, the shape of yield curves, and general market volatility.
Management controls the Company's interest-rate exposure using several strategies, which include adjusting the maturities of securities in the Company's investment portfolio, limiting or expanding the terms of loans originated, limiting fixed-rate deposits with terms of more than five years, and adjusting maturities of FHLB advances. The Company limits this risk by restricting the types of MBSs it invests into those with limited average life changes under certain interest-rate-shock scenarios, or securities with embedded prepayment penalties. The Company also places limits on holdings of fixed-rate mortgage loans with maturities greater than five years. The Company enters into interest rate swaps as part of its interest rate risk management strategy. These interest rate swaps are designated as cash flow hedges and involve the receipt of variable rate amounts from a counterparty in exchange for the Company making fixed payments.
Measuring Interest-Rate Risk
As noted above, interest-rate risk can be measured by analyzing the extent to which the repricing of assets and liabilities are mismatched to create an interest-rate sensitivity gap. An asset or liability is said to be interest-rate sensitive within a specific period if it will mature or reprice within that period. The interest-rate sensitivity gap is defined as the difference between the amount of interest-earning assets maturing or repricing within a specific time period and the amount of interest-bearing liabilities maturing or repricing within that same time period. A gap is considered positive when the amount of interest-rate-sensitive assets exceeds the amount of interest-rate-sensitive liabilities. A gap is considered negative when the amount of interest-rate-sensitive liabilities exceeds the amount of interest-rate-sensitive assets. During a period of falling interest rates, therefore, a positive gap would tend to adversely affect net interest income. Conversely, during a period of rising interest rates, a positive gap position would tend to result in an increase in net interest income.
The Company's interest-rate risk position is measured using both income simulation and interest-rate sensitivity "gap" analysis. Income simulation is the primary tool for measuring the interest-rate risk inherent in the Company's balance sheet at a given point in time by showing the effect on net interest income, over a twelve-month period, of a variety of interest-rate shocks. These simulations take into account repricing, maturity, and prepayment characteristics of individual products. The ALCO reviews simulation results to determine whether exposure resulting from changes in market interest rates remains within established tolerance levels over a twelve-month horizon, and develops appropriate strategies to manage this exposure. The Company's interest-rate risk analysis remains modestly asset-sensitive as ofDecember 31, 2023.
The assumptions used in the Company’s interest-rate sensitivity simulation discussed above are inherently uncertain and, as a result, the simulations cannot precisely measure net interest income or precisely predict the impact of changes in interest rates.
As of December 31, 2023, net interest income simulation indicated that the Company's exposure to changing interest rates was within tolerance. The ALCO reviews the methodology utilized for calculating interest-rate risk exposure and may periodically adopt modifications to this methodology. The following table presents the estimated impact of interest-rate changes on the Company's estimated net interest income over the twelve-month periods indicated:
Estimated Exposure to Net Interest Income over Twelve-Month Horizon Beginning
December 31, 2023
December 31, 2022
Gradual Change in Interest Rate Levels
Dollar Change
Percent Change
Dollar Change
Percent Change
(Dollars in Thousands)
Up 300 basis points shock
$
13,318
3.9
%
$
22,790
7.4
%
Up 200 basis points ramp
7,068
2.1
%
8,747
2.8
%
Up 100 basis points ramp
3,389
1.0
%
4,477
1.5
%
Down 100 basis points ramp
(5,042)
(1.5)
%
(6,160)
(2.0)
%
The estimated impact of a 300 basis points increase in market interest rates on the Company's estimated net interest income over a twelve-month horizon was a positive 3.9% as of December 31, 2023, compared to a positive 7.4% as of December 31, 2022. The balance sheet became less asset sensitive as deposit outflows caused a reliance on wholesale funding.
Economic Value of Equity ("EVE") at Risk Simulation is conducted in tandem with net interest income simulations to ascertain a longer term view of the Company’s interest-rate risk position by capturing longer-term repricing risk and options risk embedded in the balance sheet. It measures the sensitivity of the economic value of equity to changes in interest rates. The EVE at Risk Simulation values only the current balance sheet and does not incorporate growth assumptions. As with the net interest income simulation, this simulation captures product characteristics such as loan resets, repricing terms, maturity dates, and rate caps and floors. Key assumptions include loan prepayment speeds, deposit pricing elasticity, and non-maturity deposit attrition rates. These assumptions can have significant impacts on valuation results as the assumptions remain in effect for the entire life of each asset and liability. The Company conducts non-maturity deposit behavior studies on a periodic basis to support deposit assumptions used in the valuation process. All key assumptions are subject to a periodic review.
EVE at Risk is calculated by estimating the net present value of all future cash flows from existing assets and liabilities using current interest rates as well as parallel shocks to the current interest-rate environment. The following table sets forth the estimated percentage change in the Company’s EVE at Risk, assuming various shifts in interest rates.
Estimated Percent Change in Economic Value of Equity
Parallel Shock in Interest Rate Levels
At December 31, 2023
At December 31, 2022
Up 300 basis points
(6.3)
%
0.3
%
Up 200 basis points
(4.4)
%
0.5
%
Up 100 basis points
(2.2)
%
0.8
%
Down 100 basis points
2.1
%
(3.0)
%
The Company's EVE asset sensitivity decreased from December 31, 2022 to December 31, 2023 due to deposit outflows, increase in wholesale funding, along with an inverted yield curve.
The Company also uses interest-rate sensitivity "gap" analysis to provide a more general overview of its interest-rate risk profile. The interest-rate sensitivity gap is defined as the difference between interest-earning assets and interest-bearing liabilities maturing or repricing within a given time period. The table below shows the Company's interest-rate sensitivity gap position as of December 31, 2023.
(1) Interest-earning assets and interest-bearing liabilities are included in the period in which the balances are expected to be redeployed and/or repriced as a result of anticipated prepayments, scheduled rate adjustments and contractual maturities.
(2) Interest sensitivity gap represents the difference between interest-earning assets and interest-bearing liabilities.
(3) Investment securities include all debt, equity and restricted equity securities and unrealized gains and losses on investment securities.
As of December 31, 2023, interest-earning assets maturing or repricing within one year amounted to $4.62 billion and interest-bearing liabilities maturing or repricing within one year amounted to $5.14 billion, resulting in a cumulative one-year negative gap position of $521.4 million or 4.89% of total interest-earning assets. As of December 31, 2022, the Company had a cumulative one-year positive gap position of $9.3 million, or 0.11% of total interest-earning assets. The change in the cumulative one-year gap position from December 31, 2022 was due to a shift in funding mix from non-maturity deposits to wholesale funding.
Interest rates paid on NOW accounts, savings accounts and money market accounts are subject to change at any time and such deposits are available for immediate withdrawal. A review of rates paid on these deposit categories over the last several years indicated that the amount and timing of rate changes did not coincide with the amount and timing of rate changes on other deposits when the FRB adjusted its benchmark federal funds rate.
Management views NOW and savings accounts to be less sensitive to interest rates than money market accounts and these accounts are therefore characterized as stable long-term funding sensitive beyond five years. Management views money market accounts to be more volatile deposits and these accounts are therefore characterized as sensitive to changes in interest rates within the first year.
Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data
The following financial statements and supplementary data required by this item are presented on the following pages which appear elsewhere herein:
Item 9. Changes in and Disagreements with Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure
None.
Item 9A. Controls and Procedures
Under the supervision and with the participation of the Company's management, including the Company's Chief Executive Officer (Principal Executive Officer) and Chief Financial and Strategy Officer (Principal Financial Officer), the Company has evaluated the effectiveness of its disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rule 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Exchange Act) as of the end of the period covered by this report. Based upon that evaluation, the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial and Strategy Officer concluded that, as of the end of the period covered by this report, the Company's disclosure controls and procedures were effective to ensure that information required to be disclosed in the reports that the Company files or submits under the Exchange Act is (i) recorded, processed, summarized and reported, within the time periods specified in the SEC's rules and forms and (ii) accumulated and communicated to the Company's management, including its Chief Financial and Strategy Officer, as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.
There has been no change in the Company's internal control over financial reporting identified in connection with the quarterly evaluation that occurred during the Company's last fiscal quarter that has materially and detrimentally affected, or is reasonably likely to materially and detrimentally affect, the Company's internal control over financial reporting.
The Company's management is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting as such term is defined in Exchange Act Rule 13a-15(f). The Company's internal control system was designed to provide reasonable assurance to its management and the Board of Directors regarding the preparation and fair presentation of published financial statements. All internal control systems, no matter how well designed have inherent limitations. Therefore, even those systems determined to be effective can provide only reasonable assurance with respect to financial statement preparation and presentation. The Company's management assessed the effectiveness of its internal control over financial reporting as of the end of the period covered by this report. In addition, the effectiveness of the Company's internal control over financial reporting as of the end of the period covered by this report has been audited by KPMG LLP, an independent registered public accounting firm as stated in its report which is included in Item 8 of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.
Management's Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting as of December 31, 2023 appears on page F-1 herein and the related Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm thereon appears on page F-2 herein.
Item 9B. Other Information
(a). None.
(b). During the three months ended December 31, 2023, none of the Company’s directors or officers (as defined in Rule 16a-1(f) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934) adopted, terminated or modified a Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangement or non Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangement (as such terms are defined in Item 408 of Regulation S-K).
Item 9C. Disclosure Regarding Foreign Jurisdictions that Prevent Inspections
Not applicable.
PART III
Item 10. Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance
The information required by this item is incorporated herein by reference to the Company's Proxy Statement to be filed in connection with the Annual Meeting of Stockholders (the "Proxy Statement").
Item 11. Executive Compensation
The information required by this item is incorporated herein by reference to the Proxy Statement, except as to information disclosed therein pursuant to Item 402(v) of Regulation S-K relating to pay versus performance.
Item 12. Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters
The information required by this item is incorporated herein by reference to the Proxy Statement.
Item 13. Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Director Independence
The information required by this item is incorporated herein by reference to the Proxy Statement.
All financial statements are included in Item 8 of Part II of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.
(2)Financial Statement Schedules
All financial statement schedules have been omitted because they are not required, not applicable or are included in the consolidated financial statements or related notes.
(3)Exhibits
The exhibits listed in paragraph (b) below are filed herewith or incorporated herein by reference to other filings.
Form of Global Note to represent the 6.000% Fixed-to-Floating Rate Subordinated Notes due September 15, 2029 (contained in the First Supplemental Indenture included as Exhibit 4.2)
XBRL Instance Document - the instance document does not appear in the Interactive Data File because its XBRL tags are embedded within the Inline XBRL document
Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the Registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.
Date: February 27, 2024
BROOKLINE BANCORP, INC.
By:
/s/ PAUL A. PERRAULT
Paul A. Perrault
Chairman and Chief Executive Officer
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, this report has been signed below by the following persons on behalf of the Registrant and in the capacities and on the dates indicated.
By:
/s/ PAUL A. PERRAULT
By:
/s/ CARL M. CARLSON
Paul A. Perrault,
Chairman and Chief Executive Officer
(Principal Executive Officer)
Carl M. Carlson,
Co-President, Chief Financial and Strategy Officer
The management of Brookline Bancorp, Inc. is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting. Brookline Bancorp, Inc.'s internal control system was designed to provide reasonable assurance to the Company's management and Board of Directors regarding the preparation and fair presentation of published financial statements.
All internal control systems, no matter how well-designed, have inherent limitations. Therefore, even those systems determined to be effective can provide only reasonable assurance with respect to financial statement preparation and presentation.
Brookline Bancorp, Inc.'s management assessed the effectiveness of the Company's internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2023. In making this assessment, it used the criteria set forth by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO) in Internal Control—Integrated Framework (2013). Based on our assessment, we believe that, as of December 31, 2023, the Company's internal control over financial reporting is effective based on those criteria.
Brookline Bancorp, Inc.'s independent registered public accounting firm has issued an audit report on the effectiveness of the Company's internal control over financial reporting. This report appears on page F-2.
/s/ PAUL A. PERRAULT
/s/ CARL M. CARLSON
Paul A. Perrault
Carl M. Carlson
Chairman and Chief Executive Officer (Principal Executive Officer)
Co-President, Chief Financial and Strategy Officer (Principal Financial Officer)
Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
To the Stockholders and Board of Directors
Brookline Bancorp, Inc.:
Opinion on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting
We have audited Brookline Bancorp, Inc. and subsidiaries' (the Company) internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2023, based on criteria established in Internal Control – Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission. In our opinion, the Company maintained, in all material respects, effective internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2023, based on criteria established in Internal Control – Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission.
We also have audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (PCAOB), the consolidated balance sheets of the Company as of December 31, 2023 and 2022, the related consolidated statements of income, comprehensive income, changes in stockholders’ equity, and cash flows for each of the years in the three-year period ended December 31, 2023, and the related notes (collectively, the consolidated financial statements), and our report dated February 27, 2024 expressed an unqualified opinion on those consolidated financial statements.
Basis for Opinion
The Company’s management is responsible for maintaining effective internal control over financial reporting and for its assessment of the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting, included in the accompanying Management's Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company’s internal control over financial reporting based on our audit. We are a public accounting firm registered with the PCAOB and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.
We conducted our audit in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether effective internal control over financial reporting was maintained in all material respects. Our audit of internal control over financial reporting included obtaining an understanding of internal control over financial reporting, assessing the risk that a material weakness exists, and testing and evaluating the design and operating effectiveness of internal control based on the assessed risk. Our audit also included performing such other procedures as we considered necessary in the circumstances. We believe that our audit provides a reasonable basis for our opinion.
Definition and Limitations of Internal Control Over Financial Reporting
A company’s internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. A company’s internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that (1) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the company; (2) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and that receipts and expenditures of the company are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of the company; and (3) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use, or disposition of the company’s assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements.
Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.
Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
To the Stockholders and Board of Directors
Brookline Bancorp, Inc.:
Opinion on the Consolidated Financial Statements
We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of Brookline Bancorp, Inc. and subsidiaries (the Company) as of December 31, 2023 and 2022, the related consolidated statements of income, comprehensive income, changes in stockholders’ equity, and cash flows for each of the years in the three-year period ended December 31, 2023, and the related notes (collectively, the consolidated financial statements). In our opinion, the consolidated financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Company as of December 31, 2023 and 2022, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for each of the years in the three-year period ended December 31, 2023, in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles.
We also have audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (PCAOB), the Company’s internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2023, based on criteria established in Internal Control – Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission, and our report dated February 27, 2024 expressed an unqualified opinion on the effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting.
Basis for Opinion
These consolidated financial statements are the responsibility of the Company’s management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on these consolidated financial statements based on our audits. We are a public accounting firm registered with the PCAOB and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.
We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the consolidated financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud. Our audits included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the consolidated financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performing procedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the consolidated financial statements. Our audits also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the consolidated financial statements. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.
Critical Audit Matters
The critical audit matters communicated below are matters arising from the current period audit of the consolidated financial statements that were communicated or required to be communicated to the audit committee and that: (1) relate to accounts or disclosures that are material to the consolidated financial statements and (2) involved our especially challenging, subjective, or complex judgments. The communication of critical audit matters does not alter in any way our opinion on the consolidated financial statements, taken as a whole, and we are not, by communicating the critical audit matters below, providing separate opinions on the critical audit matters or on the accounts or disclosures to which they relate.
Assessment of the collective allowance for credit losses
As discussed in Notes 1 and Note 7 to the consolidated financial statements, the Company’s allowance for credit losses related to loans and leases and unfunded commitments evaluated on a collective basis as of December 31, 2023 (the collective ACL) was $125.5 million, which consists of an allowance for loan and lease losses evaluated on a collective basis of $108.4 million and a reserve for unfunded commitments, evaluated on a collective basis of $17.1 million. The collective ACL is calculated using models developed by a third party, which include Commercial real estate lifetime, Commercial and industrial lifetime, and Retail lifetime models (collectively, the lifetime loss rate models). Lifetime loss rate models calculate the expected losses over the life of the loan based on the exposure at default, loan attributes and reasonable and supportable economic forecasts. The exposure at default considers the current unpaid balance, prepayment assumptions and utilization of unfunded commitment assumptions. In order to capture the unique risk characteristics of the loan and lease portfolios, the lifetime loss rate models segment the portfolios based on individual loan attributes and credit risk ratings for commercial loans. The economic forecasts include various projections of certain macro-economic variables. The Company uses multiple economic forecasts, which are probability weighted. The collective ACL estimate incorporates reasonable and supportable forecasts of various macro-economic variables over the remaining life of loans and leases. The development of the reasonable and supportable forecasts assumes each macro-economic variable will revert to long-term expectations. The Company calibrates expected losses for each
model using a scalar, which is determined by examining the loss rates of peer banks that have similar operations and asset bases to the Company and comparing these peer group loss rates to the model results. In addition, adjustments are made to the quantitative model outputs for relevant qualitative factors.
We identified the assessment of the collective ACL as a critical audit matter. A high degree of audit effort, including specialized skills and knowledge, and subjective and complex auditor judgment was involved in the assessment due to measurement uncertainty. Specifically, the assessment encompassed the evaluation of the collective ACL methodology, including the methods and models used to estimate (1) the lifetime loss rates and their significant assumptions, including portfolio segmentation, the economic forecasts including the various projections of certain macro-economic variables, the related weighting of the economic forecasts, the scalar applied to each model, utilization of unfunded commitments assumptions, and credit risk ratings for commercial loans, and (2) the qualitative factors and their significant assumptions and inputs, including historic loss patterns and the impact of current portfolio metrics. The assessment also included an evaluation of the conceptual soundness and performance of the models.
The following are the primary procedures we performed to address this critical audit matter. We evaluated the design and tested the operating effectiveness of certain internal controls related to the Company’s measurement of the collective ACL estimates, including over the:
•design of the collective ACL methodology
•continued use of the lifetime loss rate models
•identification and determination of the significant assumptions used in the lifetime loss rate models
•performance monitoring of the lifetime loss rate models for the collective ACL
•development of the qualitative factors, including the significant assumptions used in the measurement of the qualitative factors
•analysis of the collective ACL results and trends.
We evaluated the Company’s process to develop the collective ACL estimate by testing certain sources of data and assumptions that the Company used and considered the relevance and reliability of such data and assumptions. We also evaluated whether (1) the Company’s collective ACL methodology is in compliance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles, (2) the loan portfolio is segmented by similar risk characteristics by comparing to the Company’s business environment and relevant industry practices and (3) the methodology used to determine the utilization of unfunded commitments assumptions is conceptually sound by comparing it to relevant Company specific metrics and trends and applicable industry practices. In addition, we involved credit risk professionals with specialized skills and knowledge, who assisted in:
•evaluating judgments made by the Company relative to the performance testing of the lifetime loss rate models by comparing them to relevant Company-specific metrics and trends and the applicable industry and regulatory practices
•testing the conceptual soundness and performance testing of the lifetime loss rate models by inspecting the model documentation to determine whether the models are suitable for their intended use
•evaluating the methodology utilized to incorporate reasonable and supportable forecast scenarios and related weightings used for each macro-economic variable by comparing it to the Company’s business environment and relevant industry practices
•assessing the composition of the peer group used in determining the scalar used to calibrate the model results by comparing to specific portfolio risk characteristics
•testing individual credit risk ratings for a selection of commercial loans by evaluating the financial performance of the borrower, sources of repayment, and any relevant guarantees or underlying collateral
•evaluating the methodology used to develop the qualitative factors and the effect of those factors on the collective ACL compared with relevant credit risk factors and consistency with credit trends.
Fair value measurement of loans and the core deposit intangible asset acquired in the PCSB Financial Corporation business combination
As discussed in Note 2 to the consolidated financial statements, on January 1, 2023, the Company completed the acquisition of PCSB Financial Corporation. The transaction was accounted for as a business combination. Accordingly, the purchase price was allocated to the assets acquired and liabilities assumed based on their estimated fair values as of the acquisition date. As
part of the acquisition, the Company acquired loans with a fair value of $1.3 billion and a core deposit intangible asset with a fair value of $30.3 million. The fair value of the loans was based on a discounted cash flow methodology, with assumptions applied based on pools in which the loans were classified. The methodology considered the contractual terms of the loans and assumptions related to the prepayment rate and discount rate to estimate the projected cash flows. The loss rates for the loans were estimated using Probability of Default and Loss Given Default assumptions. The fair value of the core deposit intangible asset was based on the after-tax cost savings method that considered customer attrition, deposit interest rates, service charge income, overhead expense, discount rate, and costs of alternative funding.
We identified the fair value measurements of loans and the core deposit intangible asset as a critical audit matter. A high degree of audit effort, including specialized skills and knowledge, and subjective and complex auditor judgment was involved in the assessment of the fair value measurements due to significant measurement uncertainty. Specifically, the assessment of the fair value measurements encompassed the evaluation of the (1) fair value measurement methodologies, and (2) loan fair value measurement key assumptions, including discount rate and estimated loss rates based on Probability of Default and Loss Given Default; and core deposit intangible asset fair value measurement key assumptions, including customer attrition, service charge income, overhead expense, and costs of alternative funding.
The following are the primary procedures we performed to address this critical audit matter. We evaluated the design and tested the operating effectiveness of certain internal controls related to the Company’s fair value measurements of loans and the core deposit intangible asset including controls over the (1) development of the overall fair value methodologies, and (2) determination of the key assumptions used in the fair value estimates.
We involved valuation professionals with specialized skills and knowledge, who assisted in:
•developing an independent range of fair values for certain loans and the core deposit intangible asset, including the development of independent assumptions utilizing market data, and
•assessing the Company’s estimate of fair value for certain loans and the core deposit intangible asset by comparing it to the independently developed range.
/s/ KPMG LLP
We have served as the Company’s auditor since 2003.
(Decrease) increase in demand checking, NOW, savings and money market accounts
(402,552)
(532,446)
605,121
Increase (decrease) in certificates of deposit and brokered certificates of deposit
859,866
4,686
(465,867)
Proceeds from FHLB advances
6,155,000
8,608,609
377,682
Repayment of FHLB advances
(6,222,735)
(7,518,693)
(878,624)
(Decrease) increase in other borrowed funds, net
(41,529)
(14,732)
37,865
(Decrease) increase in mortgagors' escrow accounts, net
(678)
(689)
395
Repurchases of common stock
—
(13,780)
(9,979)
Payment of dividends on common stock
(47,926)
(40,077)
(37,463)
Payment of income taxes for shares withheld in share based activity
(710)
(724)
(636)
Net cash provided from (used for) financing activities
298,736
492,154
(371,506)
Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents
(249,932)
55,222
(107,180)
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of year
382,959
327,737
434,917
Cash and cash equivalents at end of year
$
133,027
$
382,959
$
327,737
Supplemental disclosure of cash flow information:
Cash paid during the year for:
Interest on deposits, borrowed funds and subordinated debt
$
238,396
$
41,040
$
30,294
Income taxes
8,632
22,554
27,797
Non-cash investing activities:
Transfer from loans to other real estate owned and other repossessed assets
$
3,023
$
1,699
$
1,826
Acquisition of PCSB Financial Corporation
Fair value of assets acquired, net of cash and cash equivalents acquired
$
1,931,528
—
—
Fair value of liabilities assumed
1,676,110
—
—
Common stock issued
118
—
—
See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.
F-13
BROOKLINE BANCORP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
(1) Basis of Presentation
Overview
Brookline Bancorp, Inc. (the "Company") is a bank holding company (within the meaning of the Bank Holding Company Act of 1956, as amended) and the parent of Brookline Bank, a Massachusetts-chartered trust company, Bank Rhode Island ("BankRI"), a Rhode Island-chartered financial institution, and PCSB Bank, a New York-chartered commercial bank (collectively referred to as the "Banks"). The Banks are all members of the Federal Reserve System. The Company is also the parent of Clarendon Private, LLC ("Clarendon Private"). The Company's primary business is to provide commercial, business and retail banking services to its corporate, municipal and retail customers through the Banks and its non-bank subsidiaries. Until February 14, 2020 (the "Merger Closing Date"), the Company was also the parent of First Ipswich Bank ("First Ipswich"), a Massachusetts-chartered trust company. Effective upon the Merger Closing Date, First Ipswich was merged with and into Brookline Bank, with Brookline as the surviving institution. Brookline Securities Corp. ("BSC"), previously a subsidiary of the Company was dissolved in November 2023.
Brookline Bank, which includes its wholly-owned subsidiaries Longwood Securities Corp., Eastern Funding LLC ("Eastern Funding") and First Ipswich Insurance Agency, operates 29 full-service banking offices in the Greater Boston metropolitan area with two additional lending offices. BankRI, which includes its wholly-owned subsidiaries, Acorn Insurance Agency, BRI Realty Corp., BRI Investment Corp. and its wholly-owned subsidiary, BRI MSC Corp., operates 22 full-service banking offices in the Greater Providence, Rhode Island area. Macrolease Corporation ("Macrolease"), previously a subsidiary of BankRI, was merged into Eastern Funding LLC in the second quarter of 2022. PCSB Bank, which includes its wholly-owned subsidiary, UpCounty Realty Corp., operates 14 full-service banking offices in the Lower Hudson Valley of New York. Clarendon Private is a registered investment advisor with the Securities and Exchange Commission ("SEC"). Through Clarendon Private, the Company offers a wide range of wealth management services to individuals, families, endowments and foundations to help these clients meet their long-term financial goals.
The Company's activities include acceptance of commercial, municipal and retail deposits, origination of mortgage loans on commercial and residential real estate located principally in Central New England and the Lower Hudson Valley of New York, origination of commercial loans and leases to small- and mid-sized businesses, investment in debt and equity securities, and the offering of cash management and wealth and investment advisory services. The Company also provides specialty equipment financing through its subsidiary Eastern Funding, which is based in New York City, New York, and Plainview, New York.
The Company and the Banks are supervised, examined and regulated by the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System ("FRB"). As a Massachusetts-chartered trust company, Brookline Bank is also subject to supervision, examination and regulation by Massachusetts Division of Banks. As a Rhode Island-chartered financial institution, BankRI is subject to regulation, examination and regulation by the Banking Division of the Rhode Island Department of Business Regulation. As a New York chartered commercial bank, PCSB Bank is subject to supervision, examination and regulation by the New York State Department of Financial Services. Clarendon Private is also subject to regulation by the SEC.
The Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation ("FDIC") offers insurance coverage on all deposits up to $250,000 per depositor at each of the Banks. As FDIC-insured depository institutions, the Banks are also secondarily subject to supervision, examination and regulation by the FDIC.
Basis of Financial Statement Presentation
The Company's consolidated financial statements have been prepared in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles ("GAAP") as set forth by the Financial Accounting Standards Board ("FASB") in its Accounting Standards Codification and through the rules and interpretive releases of the SEC under the authority of federal securities laws.
The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company and its wholly-owned subsidiaries. All significant intercompany transactions and balances are eliminated in consolidation.
In preparing these consolidated financial statements, management is required to make significant estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, income, expenses and disclosure of assets and liabilities. Actual results could differ from those estimates based upon changing conditions, including economic conditions and future events. Material estimates that are particularly susceptible to significant changes in the near-term include the determination of
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
the allowance for loan and lease losses, the determination of fair market values of assets and liabilities, including acquired loans, the review of goodwill and intangibles for impairment and the review of deferred tax assets for valuation allowance.
The judgments used by management in applying these significant estimates may be affected by a further and prolonged deterioration in the economic environment, which may result in changes to future financial results. For example, subsequent evaluations of the loan and lease portfolio, in light of the factors then prevailing, may result in significant changes in the allowance for loan and lease losses in future periods, and the inability to collect outstanding principal may result in increased loan and lease losses.
Cash and Cash Equivalents
For purposes of reporting asset balances and cash flows, cash and cash equivalents includes cash on hand and due from banks (including cash items in process of clearing), interest-bearing deposits with banks, federal funds sold, money market mutual funds and other short-term investments with original maturities of three months or less.
Investment Securities
Investment securities, other than those reported as short-term investments, are classified at the time of purchase as "available-for-sale," "held-to-maturity," or "held-for-trading." Classification is periodically re-evaluated for consistency with the Company's goals and objectives. Equity investments in the Federal Home Loan Bank ("FHLB") of Boston and New York, the Federal Reserve Bank of Boston, the Federal Reserve Bank of New York, and other restricted equities are discussed in more detail in Note 5, "Restricted Equity Securities."
Investment Securities Available-for-Sale, Held-to-Maturity, and Held-for-Trading
Investment securities for which the Company has the positive intent and ability to hold to maturity are classified as held-to-maturity and carried at amortized cost. Those investment securities held for indefinite periods of time but not necessarily to maturity are classified as available-for-sale. Investment securities held for indefinite periods of time include investment securities that management intends to use as part of its asset/liability, liquidity, and/or capital management strategies and may be sold in response to changes in interest rates, maturities, asset/liability mix, liquidity needs, regulatory capital needs or other business factors. Investment securities available-for-sale are carried at estimated fair value, primarily obtained from a third-party pricing service, with unrealized gains and losses reported on an after-tax basis in stockholders' equity as accumulated other comprehensive income or loss. Investment securities expected to be held for very short term duration, used for hedging, or are marketable equity securities are typically designated held-for-trading. Held-for-trading securities are carried at estimated fair value principally based on market prices and dealer quotes received from third-party and nationally-recognized pricing services. Gains and losses for held-for-trading are reported on the income statement as gains on investment securities, net. As of December 31, 2023 and 2022, the Company did not make any adjustments to the prices provided by the third-party pricing service.
Security transactions are recorded on the trade date. Realized gains and losses are determined using the specific identification method and are recorded in non-interest income. Interest and dividends on securities are recorded using the accrual method. Premiums and discounts on securities are amortized or accreted into interest income using the level-yield method over the remaining period to contractual maturity, adjusted for the effect of actual prepayments in the case of mortgage-backed securities ("MBSs") and collateralized mortgage obligations ("CMOs"). These estimates of prepayment assumptions are made based upon the actual performance of the underlying security, current interest rates, the general market consensus regarding changes in mortgage interest rates, the contractual repayment terms of the underlying loans, the priority rights of the investors to the cash flows from the mortgage securities and other economic conditions. When differences arise between anticipated prepayments and actual prepayments, the effective yield is recalculated to reflect actual payments to date and anticipated future payments. Unamortized premium or discount is adjusted to the amount that would have existed had the new effective yield been applied since purchase, with a corresponding charge or credit to interest income.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
Restricted Equity Securities
The Company invests in the stock of the FHLB, the Federal Reserve Bank of Boston and the Federal Reserve Bank of New York, and a small amount of other restricted securities. No ready market exists for these stocks, and they have no quoted market values. The Banks, as members of the FHLB, are required to maintain investments in the capital stock of the FHLB equal to their membership base investments plus an activity-based investment determined according to the Banks' level of outstanding FHLB advances. The Company has also purchased Federal Reserve Bank of Boston and Federal Reserve Bank of New York stock which is redeemable at par. The Company reviews for impairment of these securities based on the ultimate recoverability of the cost basis in the stock. As of December 31, 2023 and 2022, no impairment has been recognized.
Loans
Loans and Leases Held-to-Maturity
Loans the Company originates for the portfolio, and for which it has the intent and ability to hold to maturity, are reported at amortized cost, inclusive of deferred loan origination fees and expenses, less unadvanced funds due to borrowers on loans and the allowance for loan and lease losses.
Interest income on loans and leases originated for the portfolio is accrued on unpaid principal balances as earned. Loan origination fees and direct loan origination costs are deferred, and the net fee or cost is recognized in interest income using the interest method. Deferred amounts are recognized for fixed-rate loans over the contractual life of the loans and for adjustable-rate loans over the period of time required to adjust the contractual interest rate to a yield approximating a market rate at the origination date. If a loan is prepaid, the unamortized portion of the loan origination costs, including third party referral related costs not subject to rebate from the dealer, is charged to income.
Loans and Leases Held-for-Sale
Management identifies and designates certain newly originated loans and leases for sale to specific financial institutions, subject to the underwriting criteria of those financial institutions. These loans and leases are held for sale and are carried at the lower of cost or market as determined in the aggregate. Deferred loan fees and costs are included in the determination of the gain or loss on sale. The Company had no loans and leases held-for-sale as of December 31, 2023 and 2022.
Nonperforming Loans
Nonaccrual Loans
Accrual of interest on loans generally is discontinued when contractual payment of principal or interest becomes past due 90 days or, if in management's judgment, reasonable doubt exists as to the full timely collection of interest. Exceptions may be made if the loan has matured and is in the process of renewal or is well-secured and in the process of collection. When a loan is placed on nonaccrual status, interest accruals cease and uncollected accrued interest is reversed and charged against current interest income. Interest payments on nonaccrual loans are generally applied to principal. If collection of the principal is reasonably assured, interest payments are recognized as income on the cash basis. Loans are generally returned to accrual status when principal and interest payments are current, full collectability of principal and interest is reasonably assured and a consistent record of at least six consecutive months of performance has been achieved.
Impaired Loans
A loan is considered to be impaired when, based on current information and events, it is probable that the Company will be unable to collect all amounts due (both interest and principal) according to the contractual terms of the loan agreement. Smaller-balance, homogeneous loans that are evaluated collectively for impairment, such as residential, home equity and other consumer loans are specifically excluded from the impaired loan portfolio except where the loan is modified. The Company has defined the population of impaired loans to include nonaccrual loans and modified loans.
When the ultimate collectability of the total principal of an impaired loan or lease is in doubt and the loan is on nonaccrual status, all payments are applied to principal, under the cost recovery method. When the ultimate collectability of the total principal of an impaired loan or lease is not in doubt and the loan or lease is on nonaccrual status, contractual interest is credited to interest income when received, under the cash basis method.
The value of an impaired loan is measured based upon the present value of expected future cash flows discounted at the loan's effective interest rate, or the fair value of the collateral if the loan is collateral-dependent and its payment is expected
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
solely based on the underlying collateral. For impaired loans deemed collateral dependent, where impairment is measured using the fair value of the collateral, the Company will either obtain a new appraisal or use another available source of collateral assessment to determine a reasonable estimate of the fair value of the collateral.
Interest collected on impaired loans is either applied against principal or reported as income according to management's judgment as to the collectability of principal. If management does not consider a loan ultimately collectible within an acceptable time frame, payments are applied as principal to reduce the loan balance. If full collection of the remaining recorded investment should subsequently occur, interest receipts are recorded as interest income on a cash basis.
Loan Modifications
In determining whether a debtor is experiencing financial difficulties, the Company considers, among other factors, whether the debtor is in payment default or is likely to be in payment default in the foreseeable future without the modification, if the debtor declared or is in the process of declaring bankruptcy, there is substantial doubt that the debtor will continue as a going concern, the debtor's entity-specific projected cash flows will not be sufficient to service its debt, if the debtor has securities that have been delisted or are in the process of being delisted, or the debtor cannot obtain funds from sources other than the existing creditors at market terms for debt with similar risk characteristics.
Disclosable modifications under current guidance include principal forgiveness, interest rate reductions, significant payment delays, maturity extensions, or any combination of the aforementioned modifications. The Company tracks and discloses the performance of these modifications with respect to delinquency and re-modification status.
The current guidance also eliminates the requirement to measure the allowance using a Discounted Cash Flow (“DCF”) methodology, and allows for a portfolio-based methodology for modified loans to troubled borrowers. If the DCF approach is still utilized for individually evaluated loans, the discount rate used must be the modified effective interest rate, rather than the original effective interest rate. Typically, modified loans to troubled borrowers are Substandard credits and are already evaluated for impairment on an individual basis.
Allowance for Credit Losses
Management has established a methodology to determine the adequacy of the allowance for credit losses that assesses the risks and losses expected on the loan and lease portfolio and unfunded commitments. Additions to the allowance for credit losses are made by charges to the provision for credit losses. Losses on loans and leases are charged off against the allowance when all or a portion of a loan or lease is considered uncollectible. Subsequent recoveries on loans previously charged off, if any, are credited to the allowance when realized.
To calculate the allowance for loans collectively evaluated, management uses models developed by a third party. The Commercial real estate ("CRE"), Commercial and industrial ("C&I"), and Retail lifetime loss rate models calculate the expected losses over the life of the loan based on exposure at default loan attributes and reasonable, supportable economic forecasts. The exposure at default considers the current unpaid balance, prepayment assumptions and utilization of expected utilization assumptions. The expected loss estimates for two small commercial portfolios and a runoff auto portfolio are based on historical loss rates.
Key assumptions used in the models include portfolio segmentation, prepayments, the expected utilization of unfunded commitments, risk rating and a scalar, among others. The portfolios are segmented by loan level attributes such as loan type, loan size, date of origination, and delinquency status to create homogenous loan pools. Pool level metrics are calculated and loss rates are subsequently applied to the pools as the loans have like characteristics. Prepayment assumptions are embedded within the models and are based on the same data used for model development and incorporate adjustments for reasonable and supportable forecasts. Model development data and developmental time periods vary by model, but all use at least ten years of historical data and capture at least one recessionary period. Expected utilization is based on current utilization and a loan equivalency ("LEQ") factor. LEQ varies by current utilization and provides a reasonable estimate of expected draws and borrower behavior. Assumptions and model inputs are reviewed in accordance with model monitoring practices and as information becomes available.
Historical loss rate models apply a loss rate to the outstanding balance of the loan. Management uses historical loss rates for condominium association, auto, and government lease portfolio segments because these loans have distinct, historical, or expected loss patterns and a de minimus effect on the overall allowance and provision.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
Management elected to use multiple economic forecasts in determining the reserve to account for economic uncertainty. The forecasts include various projections of Gross Domestic Product ("GDP"), interest rates, property price indices, and employment measures. The forecasts are probability-weighted based on available information at the time of the calculation execution. Scenario weighting and model parameters are reviewed for each calculation and are subject to change. The models recognize that the life of a loan may exceed the economic forecast, therefore, the models employ mean reversion techniques at the input level to predict credit losses for loans that are expected to mature beyond the forecast period. The forecasts utilized at December 31, 2023 reflect the immediate and longer-term effects of a rising interest rate environment and inflationary conditions.
The CRE lifetime loss rate, C&I lifetime loss rate, and Retail lifetime loss rate models were developed using the historical loss experience of all banks in the model’s developmental dataset. Banks in the model’s developmental dataset may have different loss experiences due to geography and portfolio as well as variances in operational and underwriting procedures from the Company, and therefore, the Company calibrates expected losses using a scalar for each model. Each scalar was calculated by examining the loss rates of peer banks that have similar operations and asset bases to the Company and comparing these peer group loss rates to the model results. Peer group loss rates were used in the scalar calculation because management believes the peer group’s historical losses provide a better reflection of the Company’s current portfolio and operating procedures than the Company’s historical losses. Qualitative adjustments are also applied to select segments of the loan portfolio where applicable.
For December 31, 2023, management applied qualitative adjustments to the CRE lifetime loss rate and C&I lifetime loss rate. These adjustments were made based on historical loss patterns, current loan and portfolio metrics, and expert judgment based on professional experience. These qualitative adjustments resulted in additions to reserves for the CRE and C&I portfolio, as compared to the model output.
The general allowance related to loans collectively evaluated for impairment was determined using a formula-based approach utilizing the risk ratings of individual credits and loss factors derived from historic portfolio loss rates over a lookback period, which include estimates of incurred losses over an estimated loss emergence period (“LEP”). The LEP was generated utilizing a charge-off look-back analysis which studied the time from the first indication of elevated risk of repayment (or other early event indicating a problem) to eventual charge-off to support the LEP considered in the allowance calculation. This
reserving methodology established the approximate number of months of LEP that represented incurred losses for each portfolio.
In addition to quantitative measures, relevant qualitative factors included, but were not limited to: (1) levels and trends in past due and impaired loans, (2) levels and trends in charge-offs, (3) changes in underwriting standards, policy exceptions, and credit policy, (4) experience of lending management and staff, (5) economic trends, (6) industry conditions, (7) effects of changes in credit concentrations, (8) interest rate environment, and (9) regulatory and other changes. The general allowance related to the acquired loans collectively evaluated for impairment were determined based upon the degree, if any, of deterioration in the pooled loans subsequent to acquisition. The qualitative factors used in the determination was the same as those used for originated loans.
Specific reserves are established for loans individually evaluated for impairment when amortized cost basis is greater than the discounted present value of expected future cash flows or, in the case of collateral-dependent loans, when there is an excess of a loan's amortized cost basis over the fair value of its underlying collateral. When loans and leases do not share risk characteristics with other financial assets they are evaluated individually. Individually evaluated loans are reviewed quarterly with adjustments made to the calculated reserve as necessary.
Liability for Unfunded Commitments
In the ordinary course of business, the Company enters into commitments to extend credit, commercial letters of credit, and standby letters of credit. Such financial instruments are recorded in the financial statements when they become payable. The credit risk associated with these commitments is evaluated in a manner similar to the allowance for loan and lease losses.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
Premises and Equipment
Premises and equipment are carried at cost less accumulated depreciation and amortization, except for land which is carried at cost. Premises and equipment are depreciated using the straight-line method over the estimated useful life of the assets. Leasehold improvements are amortized using the straight-line method over the shorter of the lease term or the estimated useful life of the improvements.
Costs related to internal-use software development projects that provide significant new functionality are capitalized. Internal-use software is software acquired or modified solely to meet the Company's needs and for which there is no plan to market the software externally. Direct and indirect costs associated with the application development stage of internal use software are capitalized until such time that the software is substantially complete and ready for its intended use. Capitalized costs are amortized on a straight-line basis over the remaining estimated life of the software. Computer software and development costs incurred in the preliminary project stage, as well as training and maintenance costs, are expensed as incurred.
Leases
The Company leases certain office space under various noncancellable operating leases as well as certain other assets. These leases have terms ranging from 1 year to over 20 years. Certain leases contain renewal options and escalation clauses which can increase rental expenses based principally on the consumer price index and fair market rental value provisions. Right-of-use lease assets are carried on the balance sheet at amortized cost and corresponding lease liabilities are carried on the balance sheet at present value of the future minimum lease payments, adjusted for any initial direct costs and incentives. All of the Company's current outstanding leases are classified as operating leases.
Bank-Owned Life Insurance
The Company acquired bank-owned life insurance ("BOLI") plans as part of its acquisitions of PCSB Bank, First Ipswich Bank and BankRI. BOLI represents life insurance on the lives of certain current and former employees who have provided positive consent allowing their employer to be the beneficiary of such policies. BankRI and Brookline Bank as successor in interest to First Ipswich Bank, are the beneficiaries of their respective policies. The Banks utilize BOLI as tax-efficient financing for their benefit obligations to their employees, including their retirement obligations and Supplemental Executive Retirement Plans ("SERPs").
Since the Banks are the primary beneficiaries of their respective insurance policies, increases in the cash value of the policies, as well as insurance proceeds received, are recorded in non-interest income and are not subject to income taxes. BOLI is recorded at the cash value of the policies, less any applicable cash surrender charges, and is reflected as an asset in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets. Cash proceeds, if any, are classified as cash flows from investing activities.
The Company reviews the financial strength of the insurance carriers prior to the purchase of BOLI to ensure minimum credit ratings of at least investment grade. The financial strength of the carriers is reviewed at least annually, and BOLI with any individual carrier is limited to 10% of the Company's capital. Total BOLI is limited to 25% of the Company's capital.
Goodwill and Other Identified Intangible Assets
Goodwill represents the excess of the cost of an acquisition over the fair value of the net assets acquired. Goodwill andindefinite-lived identified intangible assets are not subject to amortization. Definite-lived identified intangible assets are assetsresulting from acquisitions that are being amortized over their estimated useful lives. The recoverability of goodwill and identified intangible assets is evaluated for impairment at least annually. A Company can perform a qualitative assessment of whether it is more likely than not that the fair value of an acquired asset is greater than its carrying amount. If the Company qualitatively concludes that it is more likely than not that the fair value of an acquired asset is greater than its carrying amount, no further testing is necessary. If, however, the Company qualitatively concludes that the fair value of an acquired asset is less than its carrying value, the Company should recognize an impairment charge for the amount by which the carrying amount exceeds the fair value. However, in accordance with ASC 350-20-35-3B, an entity can bypass the qualitative assessment and perform the quantitative impairment test. Given the current economic environment, a quantitative analysis was performed where management selected a sample of comparable acquisitions and calculated the control premium associated with each sale. The Company’s market capitalization times the sampled control premium allowed management to compare the calculated fair value to the Company’s current book value to determine if an adjustment to goodwill is warranted. The Company did not have any impairment of Goodwill and other identified intangible assets as of December 31, 2023 and 2022.Further analysis of the Company’s goodwill can be found in Note 9 “Goodwill and Other IntangibleAssets” within notes to the consolidated financial statements.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
OREO and Other Repossessed Assets
OREO and other repossessed assets consists of properties acquired through foreclosure, real estate acquired through acceptance of a deed in lieu of foreclosure and loans determined to be substantively repossessed. Real estate loans that are substantively repossessed include only those loans for which the Company has taken possession of the collateral. OREO and other repossessed assets which consist of vehicles and equipment, if any, are recorded initially at estimated fair value less costs to sell, resulting in a new cost basis. The amount by which the recorded investment in the loan exceeds the fair value (net of estimated cost to sell) of the foreclosed or repossessed asset is charged to the allowance for loan and lease losses. Such evaluations are based on an analysis of individual properties/assets as well as a general assessment of current real estate market conditions. Subsequent declines in the fair value of the foreclosed or repossessed asset below the new cost basis are recorded through the use of a valuation allowance. Subsequent increases in the fair value are recorded as reductions in the allowance, but not below zero. Rental revenue received on foreclosed or repossessed assets is included in other non-interest income, whereas operating expenses and changes in the valuation allowance relating to foreclosed and repossessed assets are included in other non-interest expense. Certain costs used to improve such properties are capitalized. Gains and losses from the sale of OREO and other repossessed assets are reflected in non-interest expense when realized. Together with nonperforming loans, OREO and repossessed assets comprise nonperforming assets.
Derivatives
The Company utilizes loan level derivatives which consists of interest rate contracts (swaps, caps and floors), and risk participation agreements as part of the Company's interest-rate risk management strategy for certain assets and liabilities and not for speculative purposes. Based on the Company's intended use for the loan level derivatives at inception, the Company designates the derivative as either an economic hedge of an asset or liability, or a hedging instrument subject to the hedge accounting provisions of FASB ASC Topic 815, "Derivatives and Hedging". These derivatives designated as cash flow hedges involve the receipt of fixed rate amounts from a counterparty in exchange for the Company making variable rate payments.
Loan level derivatives and foreign exchange contracts entered into on behalf of our customers are designated as economic hedges and are recorded at fair value within other assets or liabilities. Changes in the fair value of these non hedging derivatives are recorded directly through earnings at each reporting period.
Transfer of Financial Assets
Transfers of financial assets are accounted for as sales when control over the assets has been surrendered. Control over transferred assets is deemed to be surrendered when (1) the assets have been isolated from the Company, (2) the transferee obtains the right (free of conditions that constrain it from taking advantage of that right) to pledge or exchange the transferred assets, and (3) the Company does not maintain effective control over the transferred assets through an agreement to repurchase them before their maturity.
Securities Sold under Agreements to Repurchase
The Company enters into sales of securities under agreements to repurchase with the Banks' commercial customers. These agreements are treated as financings, and the obligations to repurchase securities sold are reflected as a liability in the consolidated balance sheets. Securities pledged as collateral under agreements to repurchase are reflected as assets in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets.
Employee Benefits
Costs related to the Company's 401(k) plan are recognized in current earnings. Costs related to the Company's nonqualified deferred compensation plan, SERPs and postretirement benefits are recognized over the vesting period or the related service periods of the participating employees. Changes in the funded status of postretirement benefits are recognized through comprehensive income in the year in which changes occur.
The Company previously maintained an Employee Stock Ownership Plan ("ESOP") which was closed pending final regulatory and government approval.
The fair value of restricted stock awards and stock option grants are determined as of the grant date and are recorded as compensation expense over the period in which the shares of restricted stock awards and stock options vest. Forfeitures are accounted for as they occur.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
Fair Value Measurements
ASC 820-10, "Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures," defines fair value as the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants. A fair value measurement assumes that the transaction to sell the asset or transfer the liability occurs in the principal market for the asset or liability or, in the absence of a principal market, the most advantageous market for the asset or liability. The price in the principal (or most advantageous) market used to measure the fair value of the asset or liability is not adjusted for transaction costs. An orderly transaction is a transaction that assumes exposure to the market for a period prior to the measurement date to allow for marketing activities that are usual and customary for transactions involving such assets and liabilities. It is not a forced transaction. Market participants are buyers and sellers in the principal market that are independent, knowledgeable, able to transact, and willing to transact.
A fair-value hierarchy for valuation inputs that gives the highest priority to quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities and the lowest priority to unobservable inputs are included in ASC 820. The fair value hierarchy is as follows:
Level 1: Inputs are unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for assets and liabilities identical to those reported at fair value.
Level 2: Inputs other than quoted prices included within Level 1. Level 2 inputs are observable either directly or indirectly. These inputs might include quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities in active markets, quoted prices for identical or similar assets in markets that are not active, inputs other than quoted prices that are observable for the asset or liability (such as interest rates, volatilities, prepayment speeds, credit risks, etc.) or inputs that are derived principally from or corroborated by market data by correlation or other means.
Level 3: Inputs are unobservable inputs for an asset or liability that reflect an entity's own assumptions about the assumptions that market participants would use in pricing the assets or liabilities. These inputs are used to determine fair value only when observable inputs are not available.
Earnings per Common Share
Basic earnings per share ("EPS") is computed by dividing net income by the weighted average number of shares of common stock outstanding for the applicable period, exclusive of Treasury shares and unvested shares of restricted stock. Diluted EPS is calculated after adjusting the denominator of the basic EPS calculation for the effect of all potential dilutive common shares outstanding during the period. The dilutive effects of options and unvested restricted stock awards are computed using the "treasury stock" method. Management evaluated the "two class" method and concluded that the method did not apply to the Company's EPS calculation.
Income Taxes
Income taxes are accounted for under the asset and liability method. Under this method, deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for the future tax consequences attributable to differences between the financial statement carrying amounts of existing assets and liabilities and their respective tax bases.
Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured using enacted tax rates expected to apply to taxable income in the years in which those temporary differences are expected to be recovered or settled. The effect on deferred tax assets and liabilities of a change in tax rates is recognized in income in the period that includes the enactment date.
Tax positions that are more likely than not to be sustained upon a tax examination are recognized in the Company's financial statements to the extent that the benefit is greater than 50% likely of being recognized. Interest resulting from underpayment of income taxes is classified as income tax expense in the first period the interest would begin accruing according to the provision of the relevant tax law. Penalties resulting from underpayment of income taxes are classified as income tax expense in the period for which the Company claims or expects to claim an uncertain tax position or in the period in which the Company's judgment changes regarding an uncertain tax position.
For new investment tax credits ("ITC"), the Company chose to apply the flow-through method and immediately recognize the ITC benefit in income tax expense, as opposed to deferring.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
Business Combinations
Business combinations are generally accounted for under the acquisition method of accounting whereby assets acquired and liabilities assumed in business combinations are recorded at their estimated fair value as of the acquisition date. The determination of fair value may involve the use of internal or third-party valuation specialists to assist in the determination of the fair value of certain assets and liabilities at the acquisition date, including loans and leases, core deposit intangibles and time deposits. The excess of the cost of acquisition over these fair values is recognized as goodwill. A description of the valuation methodologies used to estimate the fair values of the significant assets acquired and liabilities assumed from the acquisition of PCSB can be found in Note 2 "Acquisitions" within the notes to the consolidated financial statements.
Treasury Stock
Any shares repurchased under the Company's share repurchase programs were purchased in open-market transactions and are held as treasury stock. Treasury stock also consists of common stock withheld to satisfy federal, state and local income tax withholding requirements for employee restricted stock awards upon vesting. All treasury stock is held at cost.
Segment Reporting
An operating segment is defined as a component of a business for which separate financial information is available that is evaluated regularly by the chief operating decision-maker in deciding how to allocate resources and evaluate performance. The Company is a bank holding company with subsidiaries engaged in the business of banking and activities closely related to banking. The Company's banking business provided substantially all of its total revenues and pre-tax income in 2023, 2022 and 2021. Therefore, the Company has determined to be a single segment.
Accounting Standards Adopted in 2023, 2022 and 2021
In March 2020, the FASB issued ASU 2020-04, " Reference Rate Reform (Topic 848)-Facilitation of the Effects of Reference Rate Reform on Financial Reporting" ("ASU 2020-04") to provide optional expedients and exceptions for applying GAAP to certain contracts, hedging relationships, and other transactions affected by reference rate reform if certain criteria are met. The amendments in this update apply only to contracts, hedging relationships, and other transactions that reference the London Interbank Offered Rate ("LIBOR") or another reference rate expected to be discontinued because of reference rate reform. The expedients and exceptions provided by the amendments do not apply to contract modifications made and hedging relationships existing as of December 31, 2022, for which an entity has elected certain optional expedients provided that those elections are retained through the end of the hedging relationship. The amendments in this update are effective for all entities as of March 12, 2020 through December 31, 2022 and do not apply to contract modifications made after December 31, 2022.
In January 2021, FASB issued ASU 2021-01, "Reference Rate Reform (Topic 848)" an update to address concerns around structural risk of interbank offered rates ("IBORs"), particularly, the risk of cessation of the LIBOR. The amendments in this update clarify that certain optional expedients and exceptions in Topic 848 for contract modifications and hedge accounting apply to derivatives that are affected by the discounting transition. In December 2022, FASB issued ASU 2022-06, "Reference Rate Reform (Topic 848)" which deferred the sunset date of Topic 848 to December 31, 2024, to allow for a transition period after the sunset of LIBOR. The Company has adopted the amendments in these updates and established a LIBOR transition committee to guide the Company’s transition from LIBOR. The Company has completed much of the work to transition off the LIBOR index consistent with industry timelines. The working group has identified its products that utilize LIBOR and has implemented fallback language to facilitate the transition to alternative rates. The Company has also evaluated its infrastructure and identified fallback rates as well as started offering alternative indices and new products tied to these alternative indices. The Company does not anticipate the adoption of these standards to have a material impact to the consolidated financial statements.
In August 2021, the FASB issued ASU 2021-06, "Presentation of Financial Statements (Topic 205), Financial Services – Depository and Lending (Topic 942), and Financial Services – Investment Companies (Topic 946) which updated guidance to align with new SEC regulations with regards to statistical disclosures for banking and savings and loan institutions. This ASU is effective for fiscal years ending on or after December 15, 2021. The Company adopted ASU 2021-06 as of December 31, 2021. The adoption did not have a material impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements.
In October 2021, the FASB issued ASU 2021-08, "Business Combinations (Topic 805), Accounting for Contract Assets and Contract Liabilities from Contracts with Customers" which requires that an acquirer recognize and measure contract assets and contract liabilities acquired in a business combination in accordance with Topic 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers. At the acquisition date, an acquirer should account for the related revenue contracts in accordance with Topic 606
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
as if it had originated the contracts. The Company adopted ASU 2021-08 as of January 1, 2023 on a prospective basis. The adoption did not have a material impact on the Company's consolidated financial statements.
In March 2022, the FASB issued ASU 2022-02, "Financial Instruments - Credit Losses (Topic 326), Troubled Debt Restructurings and Vintage Disclosures" which addresses concerns regarding the complex accounting for loans modified as troubled debt restructurings (“TDRs”) and also the disclosure of gross writeoff information included in required vintage disclosures. The Company adopted ASU 2022-02 as of January 1, 2023. The enhanced disclosure requirements provided for by ASU 2022-02 were adopted on a prospective basis. Reporting periods prior to the adoption of ASU 2022-02 are presented in accordance with the applicable GAAP. The adoption did not have a material impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements. Additional details can be found in Note 5, "Allowance for Credit Losses".
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
(2) Acquisitions
PCSB Financial Corporation
On January 1, 2023, the Company completed its previously announced acquisition (the “merger”) of PCSB Financial Corporation (“PCSB”). Pursuant to the merger agreement, each share of PCSB common stock outstanding at the effective time of the merger was converted into the right to receive, at the holder’s election, either $22.00 in cash consideration or 1.3284 shares of Company common stock for each share of PCSB common stock, subject to allocation procedures to ensure that 60% of the outstanding shares of PCSB common stock was converted to Company common stock. PCSB’s bank subsidiary, PCSB Bank, operates as a separate subsidiary of the Company and has 14 banking offices throughout the Lower Hudson Valley of New York State.
The transaction was accounted for as a business combination. Accordingly, the purchase price was allocated to the assets acquired and liabilities assumed based on their fair values as of the merger effective date. The determination of fair value required management to make estimates about discount rates, future expected cash flows, market conditions, and other future events that are highly subjective in nature and are subject to change. Fair value estimates of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed may be adjusted for a period up to one year (the measurement period) from the closing date of the merger if new information is obtained about facts and circumstances that existed as of the merger effective date that, if known, would have affected the measurement of the amounts recognized as of that date.
During the year ended December 31, 2023, the Company incurred merger-related expenses totaling $7.4 million.
The following table summarizes the preliminary purchase price allocation to the estimated fair value of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed as of the date of the acquisition:
(1) Includes approximately $16.5 million of Bond Anticipation Notes ("BANs") and Tax Anticipation Notes ("TANs") that were subsequently reclassified as investments.
In connection with the merger, the Company recorded $80.8 million of goodwill, which represents the excess of the purchase price over the fair value of the net assets acquired.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
Fair values of the major categories of assets acquired and liabilities assumed were determined as follows:
Cash and Cash Equivalents
The fair values of cash and cash equivalents approximate the respective carrying amounts because the instruments are payable on demand or have short-term maturities.
Investments
The fair values for investment securities available-for-sale were based on quoted market prices, where available. If quoted market prices were not available, fair value estimates are based on observable inputs, including quoted market prices for similar instruments. Investment securities held-to-maturity were reclassified to investment securities available-for-sale based on the Company's intent at closing.
In 2023, the Company restructured the investment portfolio acquired from PCSB. The Company sold approximately 75% of the portfolio which equates to $228.3 million of book value of predominantly longer dated Agency mortgage-backed securities ("MBS"), Agency collateralized mortgage obligations ("CMOs"), corporate and municipal securities. The weighted average duration of these securities was 6.1 years with an average risk weighting of assets of 33%. The Company recognized a $1.7 million gain from selling these securities.
Proceeds from the sale and additional cash on hand was used to purchase $379.5 million of short duration securities, the majority of which are US Treasuries, Agency debt and Agency MBS, and a small position of short term Municipal Bond Anticipation Notes. Additional details can be found in Note 3, "Investment Securities".
The weighted average duration of these securities was 2.1 years with an average risk weighting of assets of 8%.
Loans
The fair value of the loan portfolio was calculated on an individual loan basis using discounted cash flow analysis, with results presented and assumptions applied on a summary basis based on pools in which the loans were classified. This analysis took into consideration the contractual terms of the loans and assumptions related to the discount rate, including cost of debt, cost of equity, servicing cost and other liquidity/risk premium considerations to estimate the projected cash flows and prepayment rate. The loss rates for the loans were estimated using Probability of Default (cumulative) and Loss Given Default assumptions. The assumptions used in determining the fair value of the loan portfolio were considered reasonable from a market-participant viewpoint.
The Company recorded a $49.8 million discount from the results of the loan accounting valuation.
Deposits - Core Deposits Intangible ("CDI")
Accounts included in the CDI include demand deposits, NOW accounts, money market accounts and savings accounts. The fair value of the CDI was derived from using a financial institution-specific income approach, specifically the after-tax cost savings method. Assumptions used in the valuation of the CDI include customer attrition, deposit interest rates, service charge income, overhead expense, discount rate, and costs of alternative funding.
The Company recorded a $30.3 million CDI from the results of the deposit valuation. The CDI is being amortized at an accelerated rate over 7 years using the sum-of-the-years method.
Certificates of Deposits
The certificates of deposits were recorded at fair value. The determination of the fair value was calculated using discounted cash flow analysis, which involved present valuing the contractual payments over the remaining life of the certificate of deposit at market based-rates.
The Company recorded a $3.2 million discount from the results of the certificate of deposit valuation.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
Borrowings
The fair value of the FHLB advances were ascertained by using discounted cash flow analysis of the contractual payments over the remaining life of the advances at market-based interest rates. The FHLB advances were disaggregated on an individual advance basis and management used FHLB of New York rates as of December 30, 2022 as the market rate in the present value calculation.
The Company recorded a $0.3 million discount on the assumed FHLB advances.
PCD Loans and Leases
Purchased loans and leases that have experienced more-than-insignificant deterioration in credit quality since origination are considered purchase credit deteriorated ("PCD"). For PCD loans and leases, the initial estimate of expected credit losses was established through an adjustment to the unpaid principal balance and non-credit discount at acquisition.
The following table reconciles the unpaid principal balance to the fair value of PCD loans and leases:
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
Supplemental Pro Forma Financial Information
The following table summarizes supplemental pro forma financial information giving effect to the merger as if it had been completed on January 1, 2022:
At December 31,
2023
2022
(In Thousands)
Net interest income
339,711
362,773
Non-interest income
30,230
32,290
Net income
94,073
104,558
The supplemental pro forma financial information does not necessarily reflect the results of operations that would have occurred had Brookline Bancorp, Inc. merged with PCSB on January 1, 2022. The supplemental pro forma financial information includes the impact of (i) accreting and amortizing the discounts and premiums associated with the estimated fair value adjustments to acquired loans and leases, investment securities, deposits, and borrowings, (ii) the amortization of recognized intangible assets, (iii) accreting and amortizing the discounts and premiums associated with acquired premises and leases, and (iv) the related estimated income tax effects. Costs savings and other business synergies related to the merger are not included in the supplemental pro forma financial information.
In addition, the supplemental pro forma financial information was adjusted to include the $7.4 million of merger-related expenses recognized during the twelve months ended December 31, 2023, as summarized in the following table:
(1) Comprised primarily of severance and employee retention costs.
(2) Comprised primarily of technology contract termination fees.
(3) Comprised primarily of advisory, legal, accounting, and other professional fees.
(4) Comprised primarily of costs of travel and other miscellaneous expenses.
Brookline Bancorp, Inc.’s operating results for the year ended December 31, 2023 include the operating results of acquired assets and assumed liabilities of PCSB subsequent to the merger on January 1, 2023. The amount of net interest income, non-interest income and net income of $63.2 million, $4.5 million and $3.3 million, respectively, attributable to the acquisition of PCSB were included in Brookline Bancorp, Inc.’s Consolidated Statement of Income for the year ended December 31, 2023. PCSB’s net interest income, non-interest income and net income noted above reflect management’s best estimates, based on information available at the reporting date.
(3) Cash, Cash Equivalents and Short-Term Investments
Aggregate reserve balances included in cash and cash equivalents were $108.3 million and $301.2 million, respectively, as of December 31, 2023 and 2022.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
Short-term investments are summarized as follows:
At December 31,
2023
2022
(In Thousands)
FRB interest bearing reserve
$
86,864
$
141,198
FHLB overnight deposits
11,649
49,994
Total short-term investments
$
98,513
$
191,192
Short-term investments are stated at cost which approximates market value.
(4) Investment Securities
The following tables set forth investment securities available-for-sale at the dates indicated:
At December 31, 2023
Amortized Cost
Gross Unrealized Gains
Gross Unrealized Losses
Estimated Fair Value
(In Thousands)
Investment securities available-for-sale:
GSE debentures
$
220,604
$
517
$
19,994
$
201,127
GSE CMOs
66,463
33
4,879
61,617
GSE MBSs
186,614
62
16,679
169,997
Municipal obligations
18,785
184
47
18,922
Corporate debt obligations
20,521
82
887
19,716
U.S. Treasury bonds
470,764
423
26,450
444,737
Foreign government obligations
500
—
15
485
Total investment securities available-for-sale
$
984,251
$
1,301
$
68,951
$
916,601
At December 31, 2022
Amortized Cost
Gross Unrealized Gains
Gross Unrealized Losses
Estimated Fair Value
(In Thousands)
Investment securities available-for-sale:
GSE debentures
$
176,751
$
—
$
24,329
$
152,422
GSE CMOs
19,977
—
1,757
18,220
GSE MBSs
159,824
1
19,249
140,576
Corporate debt obligations
14,076
—
312
13,764
U.S. Treasury bonds
362,850
280
31,823
331,307
Foreign government obligations
500
—
23
477
Total investment securities available-for-sale
$
733,978
$
281
$
77,493
$
656,766
As of December 31, 2023, the fair value of all investment securities available-for-sale was $916.6 million, with net unrealized losses of $67.7 million, compared to a fair value of $656.8 million and net unrealized losses of $77.2 million as of December 31, 2022. As of December 31, 2023, $717.2 million, or 77.8% of the portfolio, had gross unrealized losses of $69.0 million, compared to $630.5 million, or 96.0% of the portfolio, with gross unrealized losses of $77.5 million as of December 31, 2022.
As of December 31, 2023 and 2022, the Company did not hold any securities as held to maturity; all securities were held as available-for-sale.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
Investment Securities as Collateral
As of December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively, $791.2 million and $387.9 million of investment securities were pledged as collateral for repurchase agreements; municipal deposits; treasury, tax and loan deposits ("TT&L"); swap agreements; FRB borrowings; and FHLB of Boston and FHLB of New York borrowings. The Banks did not have any outstanding FRB borrowings as of December 31, 2023 and 2022.
Allowance for Credit Losses-Available-for-Sale Securities
For available-for-sale securities in an unrealized loss position, management first assesses whether (i) the Company intends to sell the security, or (ii) it is more likely than not that the Company will be required to sell the security before recovery of its amortized cost basis. If either criterion is met, any previously recognized allowances are charged-off and the security's amortized cost is written down to fair value through income. If neither criterion is met, the security is evaluated to determine whether the decline in fair value has resulted from credit losses or other factors. In making this assessment, management considers the extent to which fair value is less than amortized cost, any changes to the rating of the security by a rating agency and any adverse conditions specifically related to the security, among other factors.
If this assessment indicates that a credit loss exists, the present value of cash flows expected to be collected from the security is compared to the amortized cost basis of the security. If the present value of cash flows expected to be collected is less than the amortized cost basis, an allowance for credit loss is recorded, limited by the amount that the fair value is less than the amortized cost basis. Any impairment that has not been recorded through an ACL is recognized in other comprehensive income. Adjustments to the allowance are reported as a component of credit loss expense. Available-for-sale securities are charged-off against the allowance or, in the absence of any allowance, written down through income when deemed uncollectible or when either of the aforementioned criteria regarding intent or requirement to sell is met. The Company has made the accounting policy election to exclude accrued interest receivable on available-for-sale securities from the estimate of credit losses. Accrued interest receivables associated with debt securities available-for-sale totaled $4.1 million and $2.6 million, respectively, as of December 31, 2023 and 2022.
A debt security is placed on nonaccrual status at the time any principal or interest payments become more than 90 days delinquent or if full collection of interest or principal becomes uncertain. Accrued interest for a debt security placed on nonaccrual is reversed against interest income. There were no debt securities on nonaccrual status and therefore there was no accrued interest related to debt securities reversed against interest income for the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022.
Assessment for Available for Sale Securities for Impairment
Investment securities as of December 31, 2023 and 2022 that have been in a continuous unrealized loss position for less than twelve months or twelve months or longer are as follows:
The Company performs regular analysis on the investment securities available-for-sale portfolio to determine whether a decline in fair value indicates that an investment security is impaired. In making these impairment determinations, management considers, among other factors, projected future cash flows; credit subordination and the creditworthiness; capital adequacy and near-term prospects of the issuers.
Management also considers the Company's capital adequacy, interest-rate risk, liquidity and business plans in assessing whether it is more likely than not that the Company will sell or be required to sell the investment securities before recovery. If the Company determines that a security investment is impaired and that it is more likely than not that the Company will not sell or be required to sell the investment security before recovery of its amortized cost, the credit portion of the impairment loss is recognized in the Company's consolidated statement of income and the noncredit portion is recognized in accumulated other comprehensive income. The credit portion of the impairment represents the difference between the amortized cost and the present value of the expected future cash flows of the investment security. If the Company determines that a security is impaired and it is more likely than not that it will sell or be required to sell the investment security before recovery of its amortized cost, the entire difference between the amortized cost and the fair value of the security will be recognized in the Company's consolidated statement of income.
The following discussion summarizes, by investment security type, the basis for evaluating if the applicable investment securities within the Company’s available-for-sale portfolio were impaired as of December 31, 2023. The Company has determined it is more likely than not that the Company will not sell or be required to sell the investment securities before recovery of its amortized cost. The Company's ability and intent to hold these investment securities until recovery is supported by the Company's strong capital and liquidity positions as well as its historically low portfolio turnover. As such, management has determined that the investment securities are not impaired as of December 31, 2023. If market conditions for investment securities worsen or the creditworthiness of the underlying issuers deteriorates, it is possible that the Company may recognize additional impairment in future periods.
U.S. Government-Sponsored Enterprises
The Company invests in securities issued by U.S. Government-sponsored enterprises ("GSEs"), including GSE debentures, mortgage-backed securities ("MBSs"), and collateralized mortgage obligations ("CMOs"). GSE securities include obligations issued by the Federal National Mortgage Association ("FNMA"), the Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation ("FHLMC"), the Government National Mortgage Association ("GNMA"), the FHLB and the Federal Farm Credit Bank. As of December 31, 2023, the Company held GNMA MBSs and CMOs, and Small Business Administration ("SBA") commercial loan asset-backed securities in its available-for-sale portfolio with an estimated fair value of $33.9 million, all of which were backed explicitly by the full faith and credit of the U.S. Government, compared to $2.7 million as of December 31, 2022.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
As of December 31, 2023, the Company owned 43 GSE debentures with a total fair value of $201.1 million, and a net unrealized loss of $19.5 million. The acquisition of PSCB accounted for $39.2 million of the total fair value at December 31, 2023. As of December 31, 2022, the Company held 32 GSE debentures with a total fair value of $152.4 million, and a net unrealized loss of $24.3 million. As of December 31, 2023, 27 of the 43 securities in this portfolio were in an unrealized loss position. As of December 31, 2022, 31 of the 32 securities in this portfolio were in an unrealized loss position. All securities are performing and backed by the implicit (FHLB/FNMA/FHLMC) or explicit (GNMA/SBA) guarantee of the U.S. Government. During the twelve months ended December 31, 2023, the Company purchased $40.8 million of GSE debentures securities compared to the same period in 2022, when the Company did not purchase any GSE debentures securities.
As of December 31, 2023, the Company owned 60 GSE CMOs with a total fair value of $61.6 million and a net unrealized loss of $4.8 million. The acquisition of PSCB accounted for $47.0 million of the total fair value at December 31, 2023. As of December 31, 2022, the Company held 32 GSE CMOs with a total fair value of $18.2 million with a net unrealized loss of $1.8 million. As of December 31, 2023, 57 of the 60 securities in this portfolio were in an unrealized loss position. As of December 31, 2022, all of the securities in this portfolio were in an unrealized loss position. All securities are performing and backed by the implicit (FHLB/FNMA/FHLMC) or explicit (GNMA) guarantee of the U.S. Government. For the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, the Company did not purchase any GSE CMOs.
As of December 31, 2023, the Company owned 146 GSE MBSs with a total fair value of $170.0 million and a net unrealized loss of $16.6 million. The acquisition of PSCB accounted for $46.5 million of the total fair value at December 31, 2023. As of December 31, 2022, the Company held 134 GSE MBSs with a total fair value of $140.6 million with a net unrealized loss of $19.2 million. As of December 31, 2023, 125 of the 146 securities in this portfolio were in an unrealized loss position. As of December 31, 2022, 128 of the 134 securities in this portfolio were in an unrealized loss position. All securities are performing and backed by the implicit (FHLB/FNMA/FHLMC) or explicit (GNMA) guarantee of the U.S. Government. During the twelve months ended December 31, 2023, the Company purchased $39.4 million of GSE MBS securities compared to the same period in 2022, when the Company did not purchase any GSE debentures securities.
Municipal Obligations
The Company invests in certain state and municipal securities with high credit ratings for portfolio diversification and tax planning purposes. As of December 31, 2023, the Company owned 44 municipal obligation securities with a total fair value of $18.9 million and a net unrealized gain of $0.1 million. The acquisition of PCSB, and purchases year to date accounted for all of the total fair value at December 31, 2023. As of December 31, 2022, the Company did not hold any municipal securities. As of December 31, 2023, 6 of the 44 securities in this portfolio were in an unrealized loss position. During the twelve months ended December 31, 2023, the Company purchased $10.0 million of municipal securities compared to the same period in 2022 when the Company did not purchase any municipal securities.
Corporate Obligations
The Company may invest in high-quality corporate obligations to provide portfolio diversification and improve the overall yield on the portfolio. As of December 31, 2023, the Company owned 11 corporate obligation securities with a total fair value of $19.7 million and a net unrealized loss of $0.8 million. The acquisition of PSCB accounted for $13.3 million of the total fair value at December 31, 2023. As of December 31, 2022, the Company held 4 corporate obligation securities with a total fair value of $13.8 million and a net unrealized loss of $0.3 million. As of December 31, 2023, 9 of the 11 securities in this portfolio were in an unrealized loss position. As of December 31, 2022, all of the securities in this portfolio were in an unrealized loss position. Full collection of the obligations is expected because the financial condition of the issuers is sound, they have not defaulted on scheduled payments, the obligations are rated investment grade, and the Company has the ability and intent to hold the obligations for a period of time to recover the amortized cost. For the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, the Company did not purchase any corporate obligations.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
U.S. Treasury Bonds
The Company invests in securities issued by the U.S. government. As of December 31, 2023, the Company owned 66 U.S. Treasury bonds with a total fair value of $444.7 million and a net unrealized loss of $26.0 million. The acquisition of PSCB accounted for $166.1 million of the total fair value at December 31, 2023. As of December 31, 2022, the Company owned 41 U.S. Treasury bonds with a total fair value of $331.3 million and a net unrealized loss of $31.5 million. As of December 31, 2023, 53 of the 66 securities in this portfolio were in an unrealized loss position. As of December 31, 2022, 38 of the 41 securities in this portfolio were in unrealized loss positions. During the twelves months ended December 31, 2023 the Company purchased $272.7 million U.S. Treasury bonds compared to the same period in 2022 when the Company purchased $197.1 million, of U.S. Treasury bonds.
Foreign Government Obligations
As of December 31, 2023 and 2022, the Company owned 1 foreign government obligation security with a fair value and amortized cost of $0.5 million. As of December 31, 2023 and 2022, the security was in an unrealized loss position. During the twelves months ended December 31, 2023 the Company did not purchase any foreign government obligation securities, compared to the same period in 2022 when the Company repurchased the foreign government obligation security that matured during the first quarter of 2022.
Portfolio Maturities
The final stated maturities of the debt securities are as follows for the periods indicated:
At December 31,
2023
2022
Amortized Cost
Estimated Fair Value
Weighted Average Rate
Amortized Cost
Estimated Fair Value
Weighted Average Rate
(Dollars in Thousands)
Investment securities available-for-sale:
Within 1 year
$
141,989
$
141,340
4.27%
$
119,912
$
119,075
3.10%
After 1 year through 5 years
342,525
332,734
3.15%
163,941
156,120
2.40%
After 5 years through 10 years
268,182
233,059
1.69%
291,284
244,847
1.30%
Over 10 years
231,555
209,468
3.35%
158,841
136,724
2.10%
$
984,251
$
916,601
3.00%
$
733,978
$
656,766
2.06%
Actual maturities of debt securities will differ from those presented above since certain obligations amortize and may also provide the issuer the right to call or prepay the obligation prior to scheduled maturity without penalty. MBSs and CMOs are included above based on their final stated maturities; the actual maturities, however, may occur earlier due to anticipated prepayments and stated amortization of cash flows.
As of December 31, 2023, issuers of debt securities with an estimated fair value of $122.0 million had the right to call or prepay the obligations. Of the $122.0 million, approximately $6.4 million matures in less then 1 year, $59.7 million matures in 1-5 years, $48.0 million matures in 6-10 years, and $7.9 million mature after ten years. As of December 31, 2022, issuers of debt securities with an estimated fair value of approximately $53.1 million had the right to call or prepay the obligations. Of the $53.1 million, approximately $2.5 million matures in less than 1 year, $6.3 million matures in 1-5 years, $37.4 million matures in 6-10 years, and $6.9 million matures after ten years.
Security Sales
The proceeds from the sale of investment securities available-for-sale were $230.0 million during the year ended December 31, 2023. This compares to $78.8 million securities sold during the year ended December 31, 2022. Securities sales executed during the twelve months ended were related to the acquisition of PCSB and the restructuring of the acquired investment portfolio
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
Year Ended December 31,
2023
2022
(In Thousands)
Proceeds from sales of investment securities available-for-sale
$
229,981
$
78,778
Gross gains from sales
2,705
—
Gross losses from sales
(1,001)
(5,785)
Gain (loss) on sales of securities, net
$
1,704
$
(5,785)
(5) Restricted Equity Securities
Investments in the restricted equity securities of various entities are as follows:
At December 31,
2023
2022
(In Thousands)
FHLB stock
$
55,548
$
52,914
FRB stock
21,881
18,241
Other restricted equity securities
166
152
$
77,595
$
71,307
The Company invests in the stock of FHLB Boston and New York as one of the requirements to borrow. As of December 31, 2023 and 2022, FHLB stock is recorded at its carrying value, which is equal to cost and which management believes approximates its fair value. The FHLB Boston paid a dividend to member banks at an annualized rate of 765 basis points in 2023. The FHLB Boston increased its dividend from 667 basis points in the first quarter of 2023 to 831 basis points in the fourth quarter of 2023. The FHLB New York paid a dividend to member banks at an annualized rate of 888 basis points in 2023. The FHLB New York increased its dividend from 775 basis points in the first quarter of 2023 to 975 basis points in the fourth quarter of 2023. As of December 31, 2023, the Company's investment in FHLB stock met the total stock investment requirement.
The Company invests in the stock of the Federal Reserve Bank of Boston and the Federal Reserve Bank of New York as required by its the Banks' membership in the Federal Reserve system. As of December 31, 2023 and 2022, Federal Reserve Bank stock is recorded at its carrying value, which is equal to cost and which management believes approximates its fair value.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
(6) Loans and Leases
The following table presents the amortized cost of loans and leases and weighted average coupon rates for the loan and lease portfolios at the dates indicated:
At December 31, 2023
At December 31, 2022
Balance
Weighted Average Coupon
Balance
Weighted Average Coupon
(Dollars In Thousands)
Commercial real estate loans:
Commercial real estate
$
4,047,288
5.47
%
$
3,046,746
4.93
%
Multi-family mortgage
1,415,191
5.14
%
1,150,597
4.74
%
Construction
302,050
6.86
%
206,805
6.51
%
Total commercial real estate loans
5,764,529
5.46
%
4,404,148
4.95
%
Commercial loans and leases:
Commercial
984,441
6.83
%
752,948
6.03
%
Equipment financing
1,370,648
7.76
%
1,216,585
7.04
%
Condominium association
44,579
5.05
%
46,966
4.80
%
Total commercial loans and leases
2,399,668
7.33
%
2,016,499
6.61
%
Consumer loans:
Residential mortgage
1,082,804
4.41
%
844,614
3.98
%
Home equity
344,182
8.03
%
322,622
7.00
%
Other consumer
50,406
7.68
%
56,505
6.65
%
Total consumer loans
1,477,392
5.36
%
1,223,741
4.90
%
Total loans and leases
$
9,641,589
5.91
%
$
7,644,388
5.38
%
Accrued interest on loans and leases, which were excluded from the amortized cost of loans and leases totaled $39.1 million and $26.1 million at December 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively, and were included in other assets in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets.
The net unamortized deferred loan origination costs and premium and discount on acquired loans included in total loans and leases were $(29.0) million and $11.3 million as of December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively.
The Banks and their subsidiaries lend primarily in New England and New York, with the exception of equipment financing, of which 29% is in the Greater New York and New Jersey metropolitan area and 71% of which is in other areas in the United States of America as of December 31, 2023.
Related Party Loans
The Banks' authority to extend credit to their respective directors and executive officers, as well as to entities controlled by such persons, is currently governed by the requirements of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act and Regulation O of the FRB. Among other things, these provisions require that extensions of credit to insiders (1) be made on terms that are substantially the same as, and follow credit underwriting procedures that are not less stringent than, those prevailing for comparable transactions with unaffiliated persons and that do not involve more than the normal risk of repayment or present other unfavorable features; and (2) not exceed certain limitations on the amount of credit extended to such persons, individually and in the aggregate, which limits are based, in part, on the amount of the Banks' capital. In addition, the extensions of credit to insiders must be approved by the applicable Bank's Board of Directors.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
The following table summarizes the change in the total amounts of loans and advances to directors, executive officers and their affiliates for the periods indicated. All loans were performing as of December 31, 2023 and 2022.
Year Ended December 31,
2023
2022
(Dollars In Thousands)
Balance at beginning of year
$
123,577
$
111,326
New loans granted during the year
2,942
1,675
New loans to existing relationship
6,408
1,233
Net (repayments)/additional drawals
572
9,343
Balance at end of year
$
133,499
$
123,577
Unfunded commitments on extensions of credit to related parties totaled $30.1 million and $12.1 million as of December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively.
Loans and Leases Pledged as Collateral
As of December 31, 2023 and 2022, there were $3.5 billion and $2.4 billion, respectively, of loans and leases pledged as collateral for repurchase agreements; municipal deposits; treasury, tax and loan deposits; swap agreements; FRB borrowings, and FHLB borrowings. The Banks did not have any outstanding FRB borrowings as of December 31, 2023 and 2022.
(7) Allowance for Credit Losses
The following tables present the changes in the allowance for loan and lease losses and the recorded investment in loans and leases by portfolio segment for the periods indicated:
Year Ended December 31, 2023
Commercial Real Estate
Commercial
Consumer
Total
(In Thousands)
Balance at December 31, 2022
$
68,154
$
26,604
$
3,724
$
98,482
Charge-offs
(1,204)
(19,990)
(41)
(21,235)
Recoveries
132
1,406
34
1,572
Provision (credit) for loan and lease losses excluding unfunded commitments
14,328
21,537
2,838
38,703
Balance at December 31, 2023
$
81,410
$
29,557
$
6,555
$
117,522
The table above excludes the establishment of the initial reserve for PCD loans and leases of $2.3 million, net of
$2.3 million of day one charge-offs recognized at the date of the acquisition in accordance with GAAP.
Year Ended December 31, 2022
Commercial Real Estate
Commercial
Consumer
Total
(In Thousands)
Balance at December 31, 2021
$
69,213
$
27,055
$
2,816
$
99,084
Charge-offs
(37)
(5,068)
(28)
(5,133)
Recoveries
24
1,725
64
1,813
Provision (credit) for loan and lease losses excluding unfunded commitments
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
The allowance for credit losses for unfunded credit commitments, which is included in other liabilities, was $19.8 million, and $20.6 million at December 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively. $17.1 million of the allowance for credit losses for unfunded commitments at December 31, 2023 was collectively evaluated.
Provision for Credit Losses
The (credit) provisions for credit losses are set forth below for the periods indicated:
Year Ended December 31,
2023
2022
2021
(In Thousands)
Provision (credit) for loan and lease losses:
Commercial real estate
$
14,328
$
(1,046)
$
(10,903)
Commercial
21,537
2,892
3,480
Consumer
2,838
872
(2,138)
Total provision (credit) for loan and lease losses
38,703
2,718
(9,561)
Unfunded credit commitments
(835)
5,807
1,724
Investment securities available-for-sale
339
102
—
Total provision (credit) for credit losses
$
38,207
$
8,627
$
(7,837)
Allowance for Credit Losses Methodology
Management has established a methodology to determine the adequacy of the allowance for credit losses that assesses the risks and losses expected on the loan and lease portfolio and unfunded commitments. Additions to the allowance for credit losses are made by charges to the provision for credit losses. Losses on loans and leases are charged off against the allowance when all or a portion of a loan or lease is considered uncollectible. Subsequent recoveries on loans previously charged off, if any, are credited to the allowance when realized.
To calculate the allowance for loans collectively evaluated, management uses models developed by a third party. Commercial real estate ("CRE"), commercial and industrial ("C&I"), and retail lifetime loss rate models calculate the expected losses over the life of the loan based on exposure at default loan attributes and reasonable, supportable economic forecasts. The exposure at default considers the current unpaid balance, prepayment assumptions and expected utilization assumptions. The expected loss estimates for two small commercial portfolios are based on historical loss rates.
Key assumptions used in the models include portfolio segmentation, prepayments, and the expected utilization of unfunded commitments, among others. The portfolios are segmented by loan level attributes such as loan type, loan size, date of origination, and delinquency status to create homogenous loan pools. Pool level metrics are calculated and loss rates are subsequently applied to the pools as the loans have like characteristics. Prepayment assumptions are embedded within the models and are based on the same data used for model development and incorporate adjustments for reasonable and supportable forecasts. Model development data and developmental time periods vary by model, but all use at least ten years of historical data and capture at least one recessionary period. Expected utilization is based on current utilization and a loan equivalency ("LEQ") factor. LEQ varies by current utilization and provides a reasonable estimate of expected draws and borrower behavior. Assumptions and model inputs are reviewed in accordance with model monitoring practices and as information becomes available.
The ACL estimate incorporates reasonable and supportable forecasts of various macro-economic variables over the remaining life of loans and leases. The development of the reasonable and supportable forecast assume each macro-economic variable will revert to long-term expectations, with reversion characteristics unique to specific economic indicators and forecasts. Reversion towards long-term expectations generally begins two to three years from the forecast start date and largely completes within the first five years.
Management elected to use multiple economic forecasts in determining the reserve to account for economic uncertainty. The forecasts include various projections of Gross Domestic Product ("GDP"), interest rates, property price indices, and employment measures. Scenario weighting and model parameters are reviewed for each calculation and updated to reflect facts and circumstances as of the financial statement date. The forecasts utilized at December 31, 2023 reflect the immediate and longer-term effects of a rising interest rate environment and inflationary conditions.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
As of December 31, 2023, management applied qualitative adjustments to the CRE lifetime loss rate, C&I lifetime loss rate, and retail lifetime loss rate models. These adjustments addressed model limitations, were based on historical loss patterns, and targeted specific risks within certain portfolios. A general qualitative adjustment was applied to all models to account for general economic uncertainty by placing a greater probability on negative economic forecasts. Additional qualitative adjustments were applied to the commercial, multifamily, and commercial real estate (includes owner occupied, non-owner occupied, and construction) portfolios based on the Company’s historical loss experience and the loss experience of the Company’s peer group. High risk segments of the Eastern Funding portfolios also received additional qualitative adjustments based on recent loss history and expected liquidation values. These qualitative adjustments resulted in additions to reserves for all portfolios, as compared to the model output.
Specific reserves are established for loans individually evaluated for impairment when amortized cost basis is greater than the discounted present value of expected future cash flows or, in the case of collateral-dependent loans, when there is an excess of a loan's amortized cost basis over the fair value of its underlying collateral. When loans and leases do not share risk characteristics with other financial assets they are evaluated individually. Individually evaluated loans are reviewed quarterly with adjustments made to the calculated reserve as necessary.
The general allowance for loan and lease losses was $108.4 million as of December 31, 2023, compared to $95.4 million as of December 31, 2022. The increase in the general allowance was primarily driven by the acquisition of PCSB Bank in 2023, which contributed $14.7 million of the $13.0 million increase, and was offset by an overall decrease in the general allowance of all entities, excluding PCSB Bank.
The specific allowance for loan and lease losses was $9.1 million as of December 31, 2023, compared to $3.1 million as of December 31, 2022. The increase of $6.0 million was primarily driven by a $5.0 million increase in the specific reserve for commercial real estate relationships and a $1.5 million increase in specific reserve for select equipment financing relationships, offset by a $0.6 million decrease in the specific reserve for C&I relationships.
As of December 31, 2023, management believes that the methodology for calculating the allowance is sound and that the allowance provides a reasonable basis for determining and reporting on expected losses over the lifetime of the Company’s loan portfolio.
Credit Quality Assessment
At the time of loan origination, a rating is assigned based on the capacity to pay and general financial strength of the borrower, the value of assets pledged as collateral, and the evaluation of third party support such as a guarantor. The Company continually monitors the credit quality of the loan portfolio using all available information. The officer responsible for handling each loan is required to initiate changes to risk ratings when changes in facts and circumstances occur that warrant an upgrade or downgrade in a loan rating. Based on this information, loans demonstrating certain payment issues or other weaknesses may be categorized as delinquent, adversely risk-rated, nonperforming and/or put on nonaccrual status. Additionally, in the course of resolving such loans, the Company may choose to restructure the contractual terms of certain loans to match the borrower's ability to repay the loan based on their current financial condition. If a restructured loan meets certain criteria, it may be categorized as a modified loan.
The Company reviews numerous credit quality indicators when assessing the risk in its loan portfolio. For all loans, the Company utilizes an eight-grade loan rating system, which assigns a risk rating to each borrower based on a number of quantitative and qualitative factors associated with a loan transaction. Factors considered include industry and market conditions; position within the industry; earnings trends; operating cash flow; asset/liability values; debt capacity; guarantor strength; management and controls; financial reporting; collateral; and other considerations. In addition, the Company's independent loan review group evaluates the credit quality and related risk ratings in all loan portfolios. The results of these reviews are reported to the Risk Committee of the Board of Directors on a periodic basis and annually to the Board of Directors. For the consumer loans, the Company heavily relies on payment status for calibrating credit risk.
The ratings categories used for assessing credit risk in the commercial real estate, multi-family mortgage, construction, commercial, equipment financing, condominium association and other consumer loan and lease classes are defined as follows:
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
1 -4 Rating—Pass
Loan rating grades "1" through "4" are classified as "Pass," which indicates borrowers are performing in accordance with the terms of the loan and are less likely to result in loss due to the capacity of the borrower to pay and the adequacy of the value of assets pledged as collateral.
5 Rating—Other Assets Especially Mentioned ("OAEM")
Borrowers exhibit potential credit weaknesses or downward trends deserving management's attention. If not checked or corrected, these trends will weaken the Company's asset and position. While potentially weak, currently these borrowers are marginally acceptable; no loss of principal or interest is envisioned.
6 Rating—Substandard
Borrowers exhibit well defined weaknesses that jeopardize the orderly liquidation of debt. Substandard loans may be inadequately protected by the current net worth and paying capacity of the obligors or by the collateral pledged, if any. Normal repayment from the borrower is in jeopardy. Although no loss of principal is envisioned, there is a distinct possibility that a partial loss of interest and/or principal will occur if the deficiencies are not corrected. Collateral coverage may be inadequate to cover the principal obligation.
7 Rating—Doubtful
Borrowers exhibit well-defined weaknesses that jeopardize the orderly liquidation of debt with the added provision that the weaknesses make collection of the debt in full, on the basis of currently existing facts, conditions, and values, highly questionable and improbable. Serious problems exist to the point where partial loss of principal is likely.
8 Rating—Definite Loss
Borrowers deemed incapable of repayment. Loans to such borrowers are considered uncollectible and of such little value that continuation as active assets of the Company is not warranted.
Assets rated as "OAEM," "substandard" or "doubtful" based on criteria established under banking regulations are collectively referred to as "criticized" assets.
Credit Quality Information
The following tables present the recorded investment in loans in each class as of December 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022 by credit quality indicator and year originated.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
At December 31, 2022
Past Due
Past Due Greater Than 90 Days and Accruing
31-60 Days
61-90 Days
Greater Than 90 Days
Total
Current
Total Loans and Leases
Non-accrual
Non-accrual with no related Allowance
(In Thousands)
Commercial real estate loans:
Commercial real estate
$
2,495
$
199
$
408
$
3,102
$
3,043,644
$
3,046,746
$
—
$
607
$
262
Multi-family mortgage
—
180
—
180
1,150,417
1,150,597
—
—
—
Construction
707
—
—
707
206,098
206,805
—
707
707
Total commercial real estate loans
3,202
379
408
3,989
4,400,159
4,404,148
—
1,314
969
Commercial loans and leases:
Commercial
740
—
343
1,083
751,865
752,948
—
464
—
Equipment financing
5,103
1,764
6,205
13,072
1,203,513
1,216,585
28
9,653
399
Condominium association
2,072
—
—
2,072
44,894
46,966
—
58
—
Total commercial loans and leases
7,915
1,764
6,548
16,227
2,000,272
2,016,499
28
10,175
399
Consumer loans:
Residential mortgage
677
70
1,466
2,213
842,401
844,614
1
2,680
1,091
Home equity
443
—
155
598
322,024
322,622
4
723
—
Other consumer
1
5
2
8
56,497
56,505
—
2
—
Total consumer loans
1,121
75
1,623
2,819
1,220,922
1,223,741
5
3,405
1,091
Total loans and leases
$
12,238
$
2,218
$
8,579
$
23,035
$
7,621,353
$
7,644,388
$
33
$
14,894
$
2,459
There is no interest income recognized on non-accrual loans for the year ending December 31, 2022.
Impaired Loans and Leases
A loan is considered to be impaired when, based on current information and events, it is probable that the Company will be unable to collect all amounts due (both interest and principal) according to the contractual terms of the loan agreement. The loans and leases risk-rated "substandard" or worse are considered impaired. The Company has also defined the population of impaired loans to include nonaccrual loans and modified loans. Impaired loans and leases which do not share similar risk characteristics with other loans are individually evaluated for credit losses. Specific reserves are established for loans and leases with deterioration in the present value of expected future cash flows or, in the case of collateral-dependent loans and leases, any increase in the loan or lease amortized cost basis over the fair value of the underlying collateral discounted for estimated selling costs. In contrast, the loans and leases which share similar risk characteristics and are not included in the individually evaluated population are collectively evaluated for credit losses.
The following tables present information regarding individually evaluated and collectively evaluated allowance for loan and lease losses for credit losses on loans and leases at the dates indicated.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
At December 31, 2023
Commercial Real Estate
Commercial
Consumer
Total
(In Thousands)
Allowance for Loan and Lease Losses:
Individually evaluated
$
5,104
$
3,947
$
35
$
9,086
Collectively evaluated
76,306
25,610
6,520
108,436
Total
$
81,410
$
29,557
$
6,555
$
117,522
Loans and Leases:
Individually evaluated
$
64,953
$
27,083
$
4,750
$
96,786
Collectively evaluated
5,699,576
2,372,585
1,472,642
9,544,803
Total
$
5,764,529
$
2,399,668
$
1,477,392
$
9,641,589
At December 31, 2022
Commercial Real Estate
Commercial
Consumer
Total
(In Thousands)
Allowance for Loan and Lease Losses:
Individually evaluated
$
62
$
2,982
$
68
$
3,112
Collectively evaluated
68,092
23,622
3,656
95,370
Total
$
68,154
$
26,604
$
3,724
$
98,482
Loan and Lease Losses:
Individually evaluated
$
11,039
$
14,346
$
3,863
$
29,248
Collectively evaluated
4,393,109
2,002,153
1,219,878
7,615,140
Total
$
4,404,148
$
2,016,499
$
1,223,741
$
7,644,388
Loan Modifications
In January 2023, the Company adopted ASU 2022-02, “Financial Instruments - Credit Losses (Topic 326): Troubled Debt Restructurings and Vintage Disclosures” (“ASU 2022-02”), which eliminated the accounting guidance for troubled debt restructurings (“TDRs”) while enhancing disclosure requirements for certain loan refinancing and restructurings by creditors when a borrower is experiencing financial difficulty. This guidance was applied on a prospective basis. Upon adoption of this guidance, the Company estimates the reserve for modifications to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty in a manner similar to the process for non-modified loans.
The following tables present the amortized cost basis of loan modifications made to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty during the periods indicated.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
At December 31, 2023
Number of Loans
Amortized Cost
% of Total Class of Loans and Leases
Financial Effect
(In thousands)
Maturity Extension
CRE
1
$
3,195
0.06
%
The loan was given a one year maturity extension. The financial effect was deemed "de minimis."
C&I
12
14,463
0.98
%
All 12 loans were given six month maturity extensions to assist borrowers. The financial effect was deemed "de minimis."
Significant Payment Delays
C&I
2
16
—
%
Both loans were given restructured payment plans to assist borrowers. The financial effect was deemed "de minimis."
Combination - Maturity Extension and Significant Payment Delays
CRE
2
18,792
0.33
%
Loans were given two year maturity extensions, with a partial deferral of interest payments. The financial effect was deemed "de minimis."
C&I
10
4,650
0.30
%
Loans were given one to 30 months of payment delays and three to 30 month term extensions. The financial effect was deemed "de minimis."
Combination - Maturity Extension and Interest Rate Reduction
C&I
10
985
0.07
%
A portion of loans were given four month maturity extensions and interest rate reductions. Other loans were given two year maturity extensions and a 5% fixed rate. The financial effect was deemed "de minimis."
Total
37
$
42,101
1.74
%
The following tables present the aging analysis of loan modifications made to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty during the periods indicated.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
The TDR loans and leases that were modified for the year ending December 31, 2022 were $7.8 million.
Net charge-offs of the performing and nonperforming troubled debt restructuring loans and leases for the year ending December 31, 2022 were $0.1 million.
The commitments to lend funds to debtors owning receivables whose terms had been modified in TDRs as of December 31, 2022 were $1.9 million.
(8) Premises and Equipment
Premises and equipment consist of the following:
At December 31,
Estimated Useful Life
2023
2022
(In Thousands)
(In Years)
Land
$
15,440
$
12,329
NA
Fine art
620
620
NA
Computer equipment
18,810
16,332
3
Vehicles
280
255
3
Core processing system and software
26,770
25,864
3 to 5
Furniture, fixtures and equipment
18,062
15,882
3 to 15
Office building and improvements
110,279
92,328
10 to 40
Total
190,261
163,610
Accumulated depreciation and amortization
100,408
92,219
Total premises and equipment
$
89,853
$
71,391
Depreciation and amortization expense is calculated using the straight-line method and is included in occupancy and equipment and data processing expense in the Consolidated Statements of Income. For the years ended December 31, 2023, and 2022, depreciation and amortization expense related to premises and equipment totaled $8.5 million, and $6.1 million respectively.
(9) Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets
The changes in the carrying value of goodwill for the periods indicated were as follows:
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
The following is a summary of the Company's other intangible assets:
At December 31, 2023
At December 31, 2022
Gross Amount
Accumulated Amortization
Carrying Amount
Gross Amount
Accumulated Amortization
Carrying Amount
(In Thousands)
Other intangible assets:
Core deposits
$
68,560
$
45,442
$
23,118
$
38,294
$
37,602
$
692
Trade name
1,600
511
1,089
1,600
511
1,089
Trust relationship
1,568
1,568
—
1,568
1,568
—
Other intangible
442
442
—
442
442
—
Total other intangible assets
$
72,170
$
47,963
$
24,207
$
41,904
$
40,123
$
1,781
The addition of goodwill and the increase in core deposit intangibles at December 31, 2023 are both due to the acquisition of PCSB which was closed on January 1, 2023.
At December 31, 2013, the Company concluded that the BankRI name would continue to be utilized in its marketing strategies; therefore, the trade name with carrying value of $1.1 million, has an indefinite life and ceased to amortize.
The weighted-average amortization period for the core deposit intangible is 5.98 years. There were no impairment losses relating to other acquisition-related intangible assets recorded during the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021.
The estimated aggregate future amortization expense for other intangible assets for each of the next five years and thereafter is as follows:
Year ended December 31:
Amount
(In Thousands)
2024
$
6,705
2025
5,603
2026
4,324
2027
3,243
2028
2,162
Thereafter
1,081
Total
$
23,118
(10) Other Assets
BOLI
BOLI is recorded at the cash surrender value of the policies, less any applicable cash surrender charges, and is recorded in other assets. As of December 31, 2023 and 2022, BankRI owned seven policies with a net cash surrender value of $44.8 million. As of December 31, 2023, PCSB owned four policies with a net cash surrender value of $36.9 million. As of December 31, 2023 and 2022, Brookline Bank, as successor-in-interest to First Ipswich Bank owned two policies with a net cash surrender value of $0.7 million, respectively.
The Company recorded a total of $2.1 million, $1.0 million, and $1.2 million of tax exempt income from these policies in 2023, 2022, and 2021, respectively. They are included in the Company’s other non-interest income in the consolidated statements of income. Included in the 2023 and 2021 income is a death benefit received on a former employee in the amount of $256 thousand and $228 thousand respectively.
Affordable Housing Investments
The Company invests in affordable housing projects that benefit low- and moderate-income individuals. As of December 31, 2023, the Company had investments in 20 of these projects. The project sponsor or general partner controls the
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
project's management. In each case, the Company is a limited partner with less than 99% of the outstanding equity interest in any single project.
The Company uses the proportional amortization method to account for investments in affordable housing projects. The proportional amortization method calculation and the operating losses or gains for these investments are included as a component of the provision for income taxes in the Company’s consolidated statements of income. Under the proportional amortization method, the initial costs of the investment in qualified affordable housing projects is amortized based on the tax credits and other benefits received.
Further information regarding the Company's investments in affordable housing projects follows:
At December 31,
2023
2022
(In Thousands)
Investments in affordable housing projects included in other assets
$
30,245
$
21,985
Unfunded commitments related to affordable housing projects included in other liabilities
14,888
5,211
Investment in affordable housing tax credits
2,951
2,941
Investment in affordable housing tax benefits
521
547
For the year ended December 31,
2023
2022
2021
(In Thousands)
Investment amortization included in provision for income taxes
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
(11) Deposits
A summary of deposits follows:
December 31, 2023
December 31, 2022
Amount
Weighted Average Rate
Amount
Weighted Average Rate
(Dollars in Thousands)
Demand checking accounts
$
1,678,406
—
%
$
1,802,518
—
%
NOW accounts
661,863
0.60
%
544,118
0.18
%
Savings accounts
1,669,018
2.63
%
762,271
0.70
%
Money market accounts
2,082,810
3.07
%
2,174,952
1.63
%
Total core deposit accounts
6,092,097
1.84
%
5,283,859
0.79
%
Certificate of deposit accounts maturing:
Within six months
$
854,200
3.62
%
$
379,017
0.95
%
After six months but within 1 year
581,937
4.43
%
236,049
1.60
%
After 1 year but within 2 years
93,514
3.69
%
269,243
2.81
%
After 2 years but within 3 years
17,313
1.53
%
22,585
1.83
%
After 3 years but within 4 years
14,830
1.82
%
8,859
0.70
%
After 4 years but within 5 years
13,061
3.15
%
12,177
1.77
%
5+ Years
—
—
%
213
3.02
%
Total certificate of deposit accounts
1,574,855
3.88
%
928,143
1.68
%
Brokered deposit accounts
881,173
4.36
%
310,144
3.00
%
Total deposits
$
8,548,125
2.48
%
$
6,522,146
1.02
%
Certificate of deposit accounts issued in amounts of $250,000 or more totaled $484.0 million and $272.2 million as of December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively.
Interest expense on deposit balances is summarized as follows
Year Ended December 31,
2023
2022
2021
(In Thousands)
Interest-bearing deposits:
NOW accounts
$
4,275
$
853
$
493
Savings accounts
27,974
2,228
950
Money market accounts
58,153
15,392
6,214
Certificate of deposit accounts
44,122
8,210
11,758
Brokered deposit accounts
41,141
2,909
1,298
Total interest-bearing deposits
$
175,665
$
29,592
$
20,713
Related Party Deposits
Deposit accounts of directors, executive officers and their affiliates totaled $69.3 million and $72.8 million as of December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively.
Collateral Pledged to Deposits
As of December 31, 2023 and 2022, $262.8 million and $205.6 million, respectively, of collateral was pledged for municipal deposits and TT&L.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
(12) Borrowed Funds
Borrowed funds are comprised of the following:
At December 31,
2023
2022
(In Thousands)
Advances from the FHLB
$
1,223,226
$
1,237,823
Subordinated debentures and notes
84,188
84,044
Other borrowed funds
69,256
110,785
Total borrowed funds
$
1,376,670
$
1,432,652
Interest expense on borrowed funds for the periods indicated is as follows:
Year Ended December 31,
2023
2022
2021
(In Thousands)
Advances from the FHLB
$
52,467
$
9,355
$
3,302
Subordinated debentures and notes
5,476
5,133
4,967
Other borrowed funds
3,968
1,335
174
Total interest expense on borrowed funds
$
61,911
$
15,823
$
8,443
Collateral Pledged to Borrowed Funds
As of December 31, 2023 and 2022, $4.3 billion and $2.1 billion, respectively, of investment securities and loans and leases, were pledged as collateral for repurchase agreements, swap agreements, FHLB/FRB borrowings, municipal deposits, and TT&L. The Banks did not have any outstanding FRB borrowings as of December 31, 2023 and 2022.
Advances from the FHLB of Boston and FHLB of New York
(1) Excludes $0.1 million in FHLB borrowings fair value adjustment related to the acquisition of PCSB in 2023.
Actual maturities of the advances may differ from those presented above since the FHLB has the right to call certain advances prior to the scheduled maturity.
The FHLB advances are secured by blanket pledge agreements which require the Banks to maintain certain qualifying assets as collateral. The Banks did not have any FRB borrowings as of December 31, 2023. The Company's remaining borrowing capacity from the FHLB of Boston and FHLB of New York for advances and repurchase agreements was $1.3 billion as of December 31, 2023. The total amount of qualifying collateral for FHLB and FRB borrowings was $3.9 billion as of December 31, 2023.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
Other Borrowed Funds
Information concerning other borrowed funds is as follows for the periods indicated below:
Year Ended December 31,
2023
2022
(Dollars In Thousands)
Outstanding at end of year
$
69,256
$
110,785
Average outstanding for the year
124,793
118,383
Maximum outstanding at any month-end
224,020
150,486
Weighted average rate at end of year
4.66
%
2.38
%
Weighted average rate paid for the year
3.18
%
1.13
%
In addition to advances from the FHLB and subordinated debentures and notes, the Company utilizes other funding sources as part of the overall liquidity strategy. Those funding sources include repurchase agreements and committed and uncommitted lines of credit with several financial institutions.
The Company periodically enters into repurchase agreements with its larger deposit and commercial customers as part of its cash management services which are typically overnight borrowings. Repurchase agreements with customers decreased $42.7 million to $9.3 million as of December 31, 2023 from $52.0 million as of December 31, 2022.
As of December 31, 2023, the Banks also have access to funding through certain uncommitted lines via American Financial Exchange (AFX) as well as other large financial institution specific lines.
The Company has access to the FRB's "discount window" to supplement its liquidity. The Company has $273.0 million of borrowing capacity at the FRB as of December 31, 2023. As of December 31, 2023, the Company did not have any borrowings with the FRB outstanding. As of December 31, 2023, the Company had no borrowings outstanding with these committed and uncommitted lines.
Subordinated Debentures and Notes
On September 15, 2014, the Company issued $75.0 million of 6.0% fixed-to-floating subordinated notes due September 15, 2029. The Company is obligated to pay 6.0% interest semiannually between September 2014 and September 2024. Subsequently, the Company is obligated to pay 3-month LIBOR plus 3.315% quarterly until the notes mature in September 2029.
The following table summarizes the Company's subordinated debentures and notes at the dates indicated.
Carrying Amount
Issue Date
Rate
Maturity Date
Next Call Date
December 31, 2023
December 31, 2022
(Dollars in Thousands)
June 26, 2003
Variable;
3-month SOFR + 3.10%
June 26, 2033
March 25, 2024
$
4,904
$
4,887
March 17, 2004
Variable;
3-month CME term SOFR + tenor spread adjustment + 2.79%
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
The above carrying amounts of the acquired subordinated debentures included $0.2 million of accretion adjustments and $0.6 million of capitalized debt issuance costs as of December 31, 2023. This compares to $0.3 million of accretion adjustments and $0.7 million of capitalized debt issuance costs as of December 31, 2022.
(13) Commitments and Contingencies
Off-Balance Sheet Financial Instruments
The Company is party to off-balance sheet financial instruments in the normal course of business to meet the financing needs of its customers and to reduce its own exposure to fluctuations in interest rates. These financial instruments include loan commitments, standby and commercial letters of credits, and loan level derivatives. According to GAAP, these financial instruments are not recorded in the financial statements until they are funded or related fees are incurred or received.
The contract amounts reflect the extent of the involvement the Company has in particular classes of these instruments. Such commitments involve, to varying degrees, elements of credit risk and interest-rate risk in excess of the amount recognized in the consolidated balance sheets. The Company's exposure to credit loss in the event of non-performance by the counterparty is represented by the fair value of the instruments. The Company uses the same policies in making commitments and conditional obligations as it does for on-balance sheet instruments.
Financial instruments with off-balance-sheet risk at the dates indicated follow:
Commitments to extend credit are agreements to lend to a customer as long as there is no violation of any condition established in the contract. Commitments generally have fixed expiration dates or other termination clauses and may require the payment of a fee by the customer. Since some of the commitments are expected to expire without being drawn upon, the total
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
commitment amounts do not necessarily represent future cash requirements. The Company evaluates each customer's creditworthiness on a case-by-case basis. The amount of collateral obtained, if any, is based on management's credit evaluation of the borrower.
Standby and commercial letters of credits are conditional commitments issued by the Company to guarantee performance of a customer to a third party. These standby and commercial letters of credit are primarily issued to support the financing needs of the Company's commercial customers. The credit risk involved in issuing letters of credit is essentially the same as that involved in extending loans to customers.
The reserve for unfunded credit commitments, which is included in other liabilities, was $19.8 million and $20.6 million as of December 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively. See Note 7, "Allowance for Credit Losses" for further discussion on the Company's methodology for determining the ACL, which includes the reserve for unfunded commitments.
From time to time, the Company enters into loan level derivatives, risk participation agreements or foreign exchange contracts with commercial customers and third-party financial institutions. These derivatives allow the Company to offer long-term fixed-rate commercial loans while mitigating the interest-rate or foreign exchange risk of holding those loans. In a loan level derivative transaction, the Company lends to a commercial customer on a floating-rate basis and then enters into a loan level derivative with that customer. Concurrently, the Company enters into offsetting swaps with a third-party financial institution, effectively minimizing its net interest-rate risk exposure resulting from such transactions. The fair value of these derivatives are presented in Footnote 16.
Lease Commitments
The Company leases certain office space under various noncancellable operating leases as well as other assets. These leases have terms ranging from 1 year to over 20 years. Certain leases contain renewal options and escalation clauses which can increase rental expenses based principally on the consumer price index and fair market rental value provisions. All of the Company's current outstanding leases are classified as operating leases.
The Company considered the following criteria when determining whether a contract contains a lease, the existence of an identifiable asset and the right to obtain substantially all of the economic benefits from use of the asset through the period. The Company used the FHLB classic advance rates available as of the lease's start dates as as the discount rate to determine the net present value of the remaining lease payments.
Total lease commitments increased from $19.5 million as of December 31, 2022 to $32.0 million as of December 31, 2023. The increase is primarily due to the addition of leases for PCSB Bank locations.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
At December 31, 2023
At December 31, 2022
At December 31, 2021
(In Thousands)
The components of lease expense were as follow:
Operating lease cost
$
8,527
$
6,305
$
6,163
Supplemental cash flow information related to leases was as follows:
Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of lease liabilities:
Operating cash flows for operating leases
$
8,901
$
6,481
$
6,246
Right-of-use assets obtained in exchange for new lease obligations:
Operating leases assets
$
15,073
$
2,082
$
790
Operating leases liabilities
$
16,672
$
2,082
$
790
Supplemental balance sheet information related to leases was as follows:
Operating Leases
Operating lease right-of-use assets
$
30,863
$
19,484
$
20,508
Operating lease liabilities
31,998
19,484
20,508
Weighted Average Remaining Lease Term
Operating leases
8.87
7.39
6.36
Weighted Average Discount Rate
Operating leases
4.0
%
3.5
%
3.1
%
A summary of future minimum rental payments under such leases at the dates indicated follows:
Year ended December 31,
Minimum Rental Payments
(In Thousands)
2024
$
8,112
2025
6,686
2026
5,282
2027
4,323
2028
2,826
Thereafter
9,676
Total
$
36,905
Less imputed interest
(4,907)
$
31,998
Certain leases contain escalation clauses for real estate taxes and other expenditures, which are not included above. Total rental expense was $8.5 million in 2023. This compares to total rent expense of $6.0 million and $5.9 million in 2022 and 2021, respectively.
A portion of the Company's headquarters was rented to third-party tenants which generated rental income of $0.2 million in 2023 compared to $0.2 million and $0.1 million in 2022 and 2021 respectively.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
Legal Proceedings
In the normal course of business, there are various outstanding legal proceedings. In the opinion of management, after consulting with legal counsel, the consolidated financial position and results of operations of the Company are not expected to be affected materially by the outcome of such proceedings.
(14) Earnings per Share ("EPS")
The following table is a reconciliation of basic EPS and diluted EPS:
For the year ended December 31,
2023
2022
2021
Basic
Fully Diluted
Basic
Fully Diluted
Basic
Fully Diluted
(Dollars in Thousands, Except Per Share Amounts)
Numerator:
Net income
$
74,999
$
74,999
$
109,744
$
109,744
$
115,440
$
115,440
Denominator:
Weighted average shares outstanding
88,230,681
88,230,681
77,079,278
77,079,278
77,974,851
77,974,851
Effect of dilutive securities
—
219,965
—
272,556
—
268,565
Adjusted weighted average shares outstanding
88,230,681
88,450,646
77,079,278
77,351,834
77,974,851
78,243,416
EPS
$
0.85
$
0.85
$
1.42
$
1.42
$
1.48
$
1.48
(15) Comprehensive Income/(Loss)
Comprehensive income (loss) represents the sum of net income (loss) and other comprehensive income (loss). For the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021, the Company’s other comprehensive income (loss) include the following three components: (i) unrealized holding gains (losses) on investment securities available-for-sale; (ii) change in the fair value of cash flow hedges and (iii) adjustment of accumulated obligation for postretirement benefits.
Changes in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) by component, net of tax, were as follows for the periods indicated:
Year Ended December 31, 2023
Investment
Securities
Available-for-Sale
Net Change in Fair Value of Cash Flow Hedges
Postretirement Benefits
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)
(In Thousands)
Balance at December 31, 2022
$
(60,193)
$
(2,242)
$
488
$
(61,947)
Other comprehensive income (loss)
7,647
(2,026)
1,135
6,756
Reclassification adjustment for (income) expense recognized in earnings
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
(16) Derivatives and Hedging Activities
The Company executes loan level derivative products such as interest rate swap agreements with commercial banking customers to aid them in managing their interest rate risk. The interest rate swap contracts allow the commercial banking customers to convert floating rate loan payments to fixed rate loan payments. The Company concurrently enters into offsetting swaps with a third party financial institution, effectively minimizing its net risk exposure resulting from such transactions. The third party financial institution exchanges the customer's fixed rate loan payments for floating rate loan payments. As the interest rate swap agreements associated with this program do not meet hedge accounting requirements, changes in the fair value are recognized directly in earnings.
The Company believes using interest rate derivatives adds stability to interest income and expense and allows the Company to manage its exposure to interest rate movements. The Company enters into interest rate swaps as part of its interest rate risk management strategy. These interest rate swaps are designated as cash flow hedges and involve the receipt of fixed rate amounts from a counterparty in exchange for the Company making variable rate payments. The Company enters into interest rate swaps as hedging instruments against the interest rate risk associated with the Company's FHLB borrowings. For derivative instruments that are designated and qualify as cash flow hedging instruments, the effective portion of the gains or losses is reported as a component of other comprehensive income, and is reclassified into earnings in the period that the hedged forecasted transaction affects earnings.
The following table reflects the Company's derivative positions as of the date indicated below for interest rate derivatives which qualify as cash flow hedges for accounting purposes. The Company's cash flow hedges are subject to the hedge accounting provisions of FASB ASC Topic 815, "Derivatives and Hedging".
At December 31, 2023
Notional Amount
Average Maturity
Weighted Average Rate
Fair Value
Current Rate Paid
Received Fixed Swap Rate
(in thousands)
(in years)
(in thousands)
Interest rate swaps on loans
$
225,000
2.90
5.35
%
3.39
%
$
(2,608)
At December 31, 2022
Notional Amount
Average Maturity
Weighted Average Rate
Fair Value
Current Rate Paid
Received Fixed Swap Rate
(in thousands)
(in years)
(in thousands)
Interest rate swaps on loans
$
150,000
3.77
4.11
%
3.26
%
$
(3,030)
The Company utilizes risk participation agreements with other banks participating in commercial loan arrangements. Participating banks guarantee the performance on borrower-related interest rate swap contracts. Risk participation agreements are derivative financial instruments and are recorded at fair value. These derivatives are not designated as hedges and therefore, changes in fair value are recorded directly through earnings at each reporting period. Under a risk participation-out agreement, a derivative asset, the Company participates out a portion of the credit risk associated with the interest rate swap position executed with the commercial borrower, for a fee paid to the participating bank.
The Company offers foreign exchange contracts to commercial borrowers to accommodate their business needs. These foreign exchange contracts do not qualify as hedges for accounting purposes. To mitigate the market and liquidity risk associated with these foreign exchange contracts, the Company enters into similar offsetting positions with a third party financial institution.
Asset derivatives and liability derivatives are included in other assets and accrued expenses and other liabilities on the consolidated balance sheets.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
The following tables present the Company's customer related derivative positions for the periods indicated below for those derivatives not designated as hedging:
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
Changes in the fair value are recognized directly in the Company's consolidated statements of income and are included in other non-interest income in the consolidated statements of income. The table below presents the net gain (loss) recognized in income due to changes in the fair value for the year ended December 31, 2023 and 2022.
Year Ended December 31,
2023
2022
(In Thousands)
Net (loss) gain recognized in income on:
Net risk participation agreements
$
612
$
(714)
Foreign exchange contracts
(11)
16
Total
$
601
$
(698)
By using derivative financial instruments, the Company exposes itself to credit risk which is the risk of failure by the counterparty to perform under the terms of the derivative contract. When the fair value of a derivative contract is positive, the counterparty owes the Company, which creates credit risk for the Company. When the fair value of a derivative is negative, the Company owes the counterparty and, therefore, it does not possess credit risk. The credit risk in derivative instruments is mitigated by entering into transactions with highly-rated counterparties that management believes to be creditworthy and by limiting the amount of exposure to each counterparty by either cross collateralizing the underlying hedged loan or through bilateral posting of collateral to cover exposure. As the swaps are subject to master netting agreements, the Company had limited exposure relating to loan level derivatives with institutional counterparties as of December 31, 2023 and 2022. The estimated net credit risk exposure for derivative financial instruments was zero as of December 31, 2023, and 2022.
Certain derivative agreements contain provisions that require the Company to post collateral if the derivative exposure exceeds a threshold amount. The Company posted collateral of $81.5 million and $2.4 million in the normal course of business as of December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
The tables below present the offsetting of derivatives and amounts subject to master netting agreements not offset in the consolidated balance sheet at the dates indicated:
At December 31, 2023
Gross Amounts Recognized
Gross Amounts Offset in the Statement of Financial Position
Net Amounts Presented in the Statement of Financial Position
Gross Amounts Not Offset in the Statement of Financial Position
Net Amount
Financial Instruments Pledged
Cash Collateral Pledged
(In Thousands)
Asset derivatives
Derivatives designated as hedging instruments:
Interest rate derivatives
$
234
$
—
$
234
$
—
$
—
$
234
Derivatives not designated as hedging instruments:
Loan level derivatives
$
99,876
$
—
$
99,876
$
—
$
—
$
99,876
Risk participation-out agreements
1,238
—
1,238
—
—
1,238
Foreign exchange contracts
139
—
139
—
—
139
Total
$
101,487
$
—
$
101,487
$
—
$
—
$
101,487
Liability derivatives
Derivatives designated as hedging instruments:
Interest rate derivatives
$
2,842
$
—
$
2,842
$
—
$
—
$
2,842
Derivatives not designated as hedging instruments:
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
At December 31, 2022
Gross Amounts Recognized
Gross Amounts Offset in the Statement of Financial Position
Net Amounts Presented in the Statement of Financial Position
Gross Amounts Not Offset in the Statement of Financial Position
Net Amount
Financial Instruments Pledged
Cash Collateral Pledged
(In Thousands)
Asset derivatives
Derivatives designated as hedging instruments:
Interest rate derivatives
$
34
$
—
$
34
$
—
$
—
$
34
Derivatives not designated as hedging instruments:
Loan level derivatives
$
108,963
$
—
$
108,963
$
—
$
—
$
108,963
Risk participation-out agreements
347
—
347
—
—
347
Foreign exchange contracts
130
—
130
—
—
130
Total
$
109,474
$
—
$
109,474
$
—
$
—
$
109,474
Liability derivatives
Derivatives designated as hedging instruments:
Interest rate derivatives
$
3,170
$
—
$
3,170
$
—
$
—
$
3,170
Derivatives not designated as hedging instruments:
Loan level derivatives
$
108,963
$
—
$
108,963
$
2,393
$
—
$
106,570
Risk participation-in agreements
31
—
31
—
—
31
Foreign exchange contracts
112
—
112
—
—
112
Total
$
112,276
$
—
$
112,276
$
2,393
$
—
$
109,883
The Company has agreements with certain of its derivative counterparties that contain credit-risk-related contingent provisions. These provisions provide the counterparty with the right to terminate its derivative positions and require the Company to settle its obligations under the agreements if the Company defaults on certain of its indebtedness or if the Company fails to maintain its status as a well-capitalized institution.
Fair Value
Year Ended December 31, 2023
Year Ended December 31, 2022
(Dollars in Thousands)
Derivatives designated as hedges
$
(2,608)
$
(3,136)
(Loss) in OCI on derivatives (effective portion), net of tax
$
(1,582)
$
(2,242)
Gain (loss) reclassified from OCI into interest income or interest expense (effective portion)
$
(3,632)
$
61
The guidance in ASU 2017-12 requires that amounts in accumulated other comprehensive income that are included in the assessment of effectiveness should be reclassified into earnings in the same period in which the hedged forecasted transactions impact earnings. A portion of the balance reported in accumulated other comprehensive income related to derivatives will be reclassified to interest expense as interest payments are made or received on the Company’s interest rate swaps. The Company monitors the risk of counterparty default on an ongoing basis.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
(17) Income Taxes
Income tax expense is comprised of the following amounts:
Year Ended December 31,
2023
2022
2021
(In Thousands)
Current provision:
Federal
$
960
$
17,414
$
25,608
State
1,788
8,434
8,119
Total current provision
2,748
25,848
33,727
Deferred provision (benefit)
Federal
12,922
3,994
3,972
State
3,245
363
1,452
Total deferred provision (benefit)
16,167
4,357
5,424
Total provision for income taxes
$
18,915
$
30,205
$
39,151
Total provision for income taxes differed from the amounts computed due to the following:
Year Ended December 31,
2023
2022
2021
(Dollars In Thousands)
Expected income tax expense at statutory federal tax rate
$
19,722
$
29,390
$
32,464
State taxes, net of federal income tax benefit
3,977
6,950
7,561
Bank-owned life insurance
(443)
(215)
(261)
Tax-exempt interest income
(307)
(163)
(171)
Merger and acquisition expense
159
302
—
Energy tax credits
(4,504)
(6,082)
—
Investments in affordable housing projects
(917)
(544)
(565)
Other, net
1,228
567
123
Total provision for income taxes
$
18,915
$
30,205
$
39,151
Effective income tax rate
20.1
%
21.6
%
25.3
%
The Company's effective tax rate was 20.1% as of December 31, 2023 compared to 21.6% as of December 31, 2022. The Company's effective tax rate was lower in 2023 due to the Company's continued participation in energy tax credit investments, and increased benefits in the Company's investments in affordable housing projects.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
The tax effects of temporary differences that give rise to significant portions of the deferred tax assets and liabilities at the dates indicated are as follows:
At December 31,
2023
2022
(In Thousands)
Deferred tax assets:
Allowance for credit losses
$
36,168
$
30,901
Right-of-use asset - operating leases
8,153
5,048
Deferred compensation
3,022
5,669
Identified intangible assets and goodwill
5,138
5,462
Supplemental Executive Retirement Plans
2,522
2,493
Net operating loss carryforwards
83
—
Postretirement benefits
1,071
1,187
Nonaccrual interest
678
558
Restricted stock and stock option plans
1,039
770
Unrealized loss on investment securities available-for-sale
15,107
17,019
Acquisition fair value adjustments
14,735
—
Other
218
569
Total gross deferred tax assets
87,934
69,676
Deferred tax liabilities:
Operating leases - liability
8,448
5,048
Identified intangible assets and goodwill
8,361
1,910
Deferred loan origination costs, net
3,583
3,507
Depreciation
249
277
Prepaid expense
1,581
290
Accrued Expense
8,756
5,463
Acquisition fair value adjustments
—
944
Other
4
—
Total gross deferred tax liabilities
30,982
17,439
Net deferred tax asset
$
56,952
$
52,237
The Company has determined that a valuation allowance is not required for any of its deferred tax assets because it believes that it is more likely than not that these assets will reverse against future taxable income.
The Company did not have any unrecognized tax benefits accrued as income tax payables, receivables or as deferred tax items as of December 31, 2023 and 2022. The Company files U.S. federal and state income tax returns. As of December 31, 2023, the Company is subject to potential examination by the Massachusetts, Rhode Island, New York and several other state taxing authorities, along with the Internal Revenue Service ("IRS") for tax years after December 31, 2020.
(18) Stockholders' Equity
Preferred Stock
The Company is authorized to issue 50,000,000 shares of serial preferred stock, par value $0.01 per share, from time to time in one or more series subject to limitations of law. The Board of Directors is authorized to fix the designations, powers, preferences, limitations and rights of the shares of each such series. As of December 31, 2023, there were no shares of preferred stock issued.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
Capital Distributions and Restrictions Thereon
The Company is a legal entity separate and distinct from each of the Banks and Clarendon Private. The Company's primary source of revenue is dividends paid to it by the Banks and Clarendon Private.
The FRB has authority to prohibit the Company from paying dividends to the Company's shareholders if such payment is deemed to be an unsafe or unsound practice. The FRB has indicated generally that it may be an unsafe or unsound practice for bank holding companies to pay dividends unless the bank holding company's net income over the preceding year is sufficient to fund the dividends and the expected rate of earnings retention is consistent with the organization's capital needs, asset quality and overall financial condition.
The FRB also has the authority to use its enforcement powers to prohibit the Banks from paying dividends to the Company if, in its opinion, the payment of dividends would constitute an unsafe or unsound practice. Federal law also prohibits the payment of dividends by a bank that will result in the bank failing to meet its applicable capital requirements on a pro forma basis. In addition, a state bank that is a member of the Federal Reserve System may not declare or pay a dividend if the total of all dividends declared during the calendar year, including the proposed dividend, exceeds the sum of the bank's net income (as reportable in its Reports of Condition and Income) during the current calendar year and the retained net income of the prior two calendar years, unless the dividend has been approved by the FRB. Payment of dividends by a bank is also restricted pursuant to various state regulatory limitations, including those enforced by the Massachusetts Division of Banks in the case of Brookline Bank, the Banking Division of the Rhode Island Department of Business Regulation in the case of BankRI and New York State Department of Financial Services in the case of PCSB.
Common Stock Repurchases
On January 27, 2021, the Company's Board of Directors (the "Board") approved a stock repurchase program authorizing management to repurchase up to $10.0 million of the Company's common stock commencing on February 1, 2021 and ending on December 31, 2021. As of September 30, 2021, 690,253 shares of the Company's common stock were repurchased by the Company at a weighted average price of $14.46.
On November 10, 2021, the Board approved a stock repurchase program authorizing management to repurchase up to $20.0 million of the Company's common stock, commencing on November 15, 2021 and ending on December 31, 2022. On June 24, 2022 the Company suspended the program. As of June 24, 2022, 956,341 shares of the Company's common stock were repurchased by the Company at a weighted average price of $14.41.
Repurchases may be made from time to time depending on market conditions and other factors, and will be conducted through open market or private transactions, through block trades, and pursuant to any trading plan that may be adopted in accordance with the Securities and Exchange Commission Rule 10b5-1. There is no guarantee as to the exact number of shares, if any, to be repurchased by the Company.
Restricted Retained Earnings
As part of the stock offering in 2002 and as required by regulation, Brookline Bank established a liquidation account for the benefit of eligible account holders and supplemental eligible account holders who maintain their deposit accounts at Brookline Bank after the stock offering. In the unlikely event of a complete liquidation of Brookline Bank (and only in that event), eligible depositors who continue to maintain deposit accounts at Brookline Bank shall be entitled to receive a distribution from the liquidation account.
Accordingly, retained earnings of the Company are deemed to be restricted up to the balance of the liquidation account. The liquidation account balance is reduced annually to the extent that eligible depositors have reduced their qualifying deposits as of each anniversary date. Subsequent increases in deposit account balances do not restore an account holder's interest in the liquidation account.
The liquidation account totaled $8.9 million (unaudited), $9.9 million (unaudited), and $11.3 million (unaudited) at
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
(19) Regulatory Capital Requirements
The Company's primary source of cash is dividends from the Banks. The Banks are subject to certain restrictions on the amount of dividends that they may declare without prior regulatory approval. In addition, the dividends declared cannot be in excess of the amount which would cause the Banks to fall below the minimum required for capital adequacy purposes.
The Company is a bank holding company within the meaning of the Bank Holding Company Act of 1956, as amended and as such, must comply with the capital requirements of the FRB at the consolidated level. As member banks of the FRB, Brookline Bank, BankRI and PCSB Bank are also required to comply with the regulatory capital requirement of the FRB.
The FRB has promulgated regulations imposing minimum capital requirements for bank holding companies and state member banks as well as prompt corrective action regulations for state member banks that implement the system of prompt corrective action established by Section 38 of the Federal Deposit Insurance Act, as amended (the "FDIA"). Under the prompt corrective action regulations in effect as of December 31, 2023, a bank is "well-capitalized" if it has: (1) a total risk-based capital ratio of 10.0% or greater; (2) a Tier 1 risk-based capital ratio of 8.0% or greater; (3) a common equity Tier 1 capital ratio of 6.5% or greater; (4) a Tier 1 leverage ratio of 5.0% or greater; and (5) is not subject to any written agreement, order, capital directive or prompt corrective action directive to meet and maintain a specific capital level for any capital measure.
Failure to meet minimum capital requirements can initiate certain mandatory and possibly additional discretionary actions by regulators that, if undertaken, could have a direct material effect on the Company's financial statements. Under capital adequacy guidelines, the Company and each of the Banks must meet specific capital guidelines that involve quantitative measures of the Company's and the Banks' assets, liabilities and certain off-balance sheet items as calculated under regulatory accounting practices. In addition, the prompt corrective action rules applicable to state member banks establish a framework of supervisory actions for state member banks that are not at least adequately capitalized. The Company's and the Banks' capital amounts and classification are also subject to qualitative judgments by the regulators about components, risk weightings, and other factors. Bank holding companies are not subject to prompt corrective action requirements. However, a bank holding company is considered "well capitalized" for purpose of the FRB's Regulation Y if the bank holding company maintains on a consolidated basis a total risk-based capital ratio of 10.0% or greater and a Tier 1 risk-based capital ratio of 6.0% or greater and is not subject to any written agreement under capital directive or prompt correction action directive issued by the FRB to meet and maintain a specific capital level for any capital measure.
The Company and the Banks are required to maintain a capital conservation buffer composed of common equity Tier 1 capital equal to 2.5% of risk-weighted assets above the amounts required to be adequately capitalized in order to avoid limitations on capital distributions, including dividend payments and certain discretionary bonus payments to executive officers. Capital ratios required to be considered well-capitalized exceed the ratios required under the capital conservation buffer requirement at December 31, 2023.
As of December 31, 2023, the Company and the Banks exceeded all regulatory capital requirements and were considered “well-capitalized” under applicable rules. The following table presents actual and required capital ratios as of December 31, 2023 for the Company and the Banks.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
The following table presents actual and required capital ratios as of December 31, 2022 for the Company and the Banks under the regulatory capital rules then in effect.
Actual
Minimum Required for Capital Adequacy Purposes
Minimum Required for Fully Phased in Capital Adequacy Purposes plus Capital Conservation Buffer
Minimum Required to be Considered “Well-Capitalized” Under Prompt Corrective Action Provisions
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
(20) Employee Benefit Plans
Postretirement Benefits
Postretirement benefits are provided for part of the annual expense of health insurance premiums for certain retired employees and their dependents. No contributions are made by the Company to invest in assets allocated for the purpose of funding this benefit obligation. The following table presents the change in plan assets and change in benefit obligation:
Year Ended December 31,
2023
2022
2021
(In Thousands)
Change in plan assets:
Fair value of plan assets at beginning of year
$
—
$
—
$
—
Employer contributions
29
34
35
Benefits paid
(29)
(34)
(35)
Fair value of plan assets at end of year
$
—
$
—
$
—
Change in benefit obligation:
Benefit obligation at beginning of year
$
1,530
$
2,026
$
2,095
Service cost
39
64
67
Interest cost
70
55
50
Estimated benefits paid
(29)
(34)
(35)
Actuarial (gain) loss
(53)
(581)
(151)
Benefit obligation at end of year
$
1,557
$
1,530
$
2,026
Funded status at end of year
$
1,557
$
1,530
$
2,026
Accumulated benefit obligation at end of year
$
1,557
$
1,530
$
2,026
The liability for the postretirement benefits included in accrued expenses and other liabilities was $1.6 million, $1.5 million, and $2.0 million as of December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021, respectively.
The following table presents the components of net periodic postretirement benefit cost and other amounts recognized in other comprehensive income:
Year Ended December 31,
2023
2022
2021
(In Thousands)
Net periodic benefit expense:
Service cost
$
39
$
64
$
67
Interest cost
70
55
50
Prior service credit
—
—
(2)
Actuarial gain
(85)
—
—
Net periodic benefit expense
$
24
$
119
$
115
Changes in postretirement benefit obligation recognized in other comprehensive income:
Net actuarial (loss) gain
85
$
611
$
185
Prior service credit
—
—
(2)
Total pre-tax changes in postretirement benefit obligation recognized in other comprehensive income
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
The discount rate used to determine the actuarial present value of projected postretirement benefit obligations was 4.82% in 2023, 5.02% in 2022 and 2.77% in 2021. There is no estimated prior service credit that will be amortized from accumulated other comprehensive income into net periodic benefit cost in 2024.
The actual health care trend used to measure the accumulated postretirement benefit obligation in 2023 for plan participants below age 65 and for plan participants over age 65 was (1.1)% and 3.4%, respectively. In 2022, the rate for plan participants below age 65 and for plan participants over age 65 was 8.0% and 1.6%, respectively. The health care trend rates for 2022 and 2023 are based on actual changes in medical premium rates for those years. The rates to be used in 2024 through 2027 are expected to be in the range of 8% to 6.5% and to decline gradually thereafter to 4.5%. Assumed health care trend rates may have a significant effect on the amounts reported for the postretirement benefit plan. A 1% change in assumed health care cost trend rates would have the following effects:
Year Ended
December 31, 2023
1% Increase
1% Decrease
(In Thousands)
Effect on total service and interest cost components of net periodic postretirement benefit costs
$
19
$
(15)
Effect on the accumulated postretirement benefit obligation
261
(216)
401(k) Plan
The Company administers one 401(k) plan, which is a qualified, tax-exempt profit-sharing plan with a salary deferral feature under Section 401(k) of the Internal Revenue Code. Each employee, excluding temporary employees, who has attained the age of 21 is eligible to participate in the 401(k) plan by making voluntary contributions, subject to certain limits based on federal tax laws. The Company makes a matching contribution of the amount contributed by eligible employees, up to 5% of the employee's yearly compensation. Expenses associated with the plans were $4.6 million in 2023, $3.8 million in 2022, and $3.6 million in 2021.
Nonqualified Deferred Compensation Plan
The Company also maintains a Nonqualified Deferred Compensation Plan (the "Nonqualified Plan") under which certain participants may contribute the amounts they are precluded from contributing to the Company's 401(k) plan because of the qualified plan limitations, and additional compensation deferrals that may be advantageous for personal income tax or other planning reasons. Expenses associated with the Nonqualified Plan in 2023, 2022 and 2021 were $645.8 thousand, $477.6 thousand, and $409.4 thousand, respectively. Accrued liabilities associated with the Nonqualified Plan in 2023, 2022, and 2021 were $1.3 thousand, $1.3 thousand, and $109.5 thousand, respectively.
Supplemental Executive Retirement Agreements
The Company acquired two Supplemental Executive Retirement Plans (the "SERPs") as part of its acquisition of BankRI. The Company maintains the SERPs for certain senior executives who are entitled to an annual retirement benefit. As of December 31, 2023, there were 14 participants in the SERPs. The Company funded a Rabbi Trust to provide a partial funding source for the Company's liabilities under the SERPs. In 2016, a portion of the Company's BOLI assets were transferred into the Rabbi Trust as a replacement for the funds previously held in the Rabbi Trust. In 2020, additional BOLI assets were transferred into the Rabbi Trust. The Company records the liability for the SERPs based on an actuarial calculation in accordance with GAAP, and no actuarial gains and losses are recognized.
Total expense under the SERPs for the year ended December 31, 2023 was $589 thousand compared to a benefit in 2022 of $2.1 million and an expense in 2021 of $6.0 thousand. Aggregate benefits payable included in accrued expenses and other liabilities as of December 31, 2023 and 2022 were $10.8 million and $10.7 million, respectively.
The nominal discount rate used to determine the actuarial present value of projected benefits under the agreements was 5.00% and 5.00% in the years 2023 and 2022, respectively.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
Defined Benefit Pension Plan
As part of the acquisition of PCSB, the Company acquired a pension plan covering certain employees (the "PCSB Pension Plan"). The PCSB Pension Plan has been terminated and the Company has filed a request for a determination letter with the Internal Revenue Service.The PCSB Pension Plan is currently over-funded with assets of $7.3 million that are included in other assets in the Company's balance sheet. During the year ended December 31, 2023, the PCSB Pension Plan had unrealized gains of $903 thousand reflected in other comprehensive income. No contributions were made to the PCSB Pension Plan in 2023.
Employee Stock Ownership Plan
The Company previously maintained an Employee Stock Ownership Plan ("ESOP") which was closed pending final regulatory and government approval. Compensation and employee benefit expense related to ESOP were $0.0 million in 2023 and $0.4 million in 2022.
Share-Based Compensation Plans
As of December 31, 2023, the Company had one active equity plan: the 2021 Brookline Bancorp, Inc. Stock Option and Incentive Plan ("2021 Plan") with 1,750,000 authorized shares. As a result of the 2021 Plan having been approved by the Company's stockholders at the 2021 annual meeting of stockholders, the Company discontinued granting awards under the 2014 Equity Incentive Plan (the "2014 Plan"), and no further shares will be granted as awards under the 2014 Plan. The 2021 Plan and the 2014 Plan together referred to as the "Plans."
Of the awarded shares, generally 50% vest ratably over three years with one-third of such shares vesting at each of the first, second and third anniversary dates of the awards. The remaining 50% of each award has a cliff vesting schedule and vest three years after the award date based on the level of the Company's achievement of identified performance targets in comparison to the level of achievement of such identified performance targets by a defined peer group. The specific performance measure targets are approved annually by the Compensation Committee and are discussed in the Company's Proxy Statement. If a grantee leaves the Company prior to the vest date of an award, any unvested shares are forfeited. Dividends declared with respect to shares awarded will be held by the Company and paid to the grantee only when the shares vest.
Shares issued upon vesting may be either authorized but unissued shares or reacquired shares held by the Company as treasury shares. Any shares not issued because vesting requirements are not met will be retired back to treasury and be made available again for issuance under the Plans.
Total expense for the Plans was $4.1 million in 2023, $3.3 million in 2022 and $2.6 million in 2021, respectively. Total income tax benefits on vested awards was $0.0 million in 2023, $0.0 million in 2022, and $0.1 million in 2021. There were no income tax benefits on the 2023 vesting due to the stock price at the vesting date being lower overall than the stock price at the grant date. Dividends paid on unvested awards under the 2021 Plan and the 2014 Plan were $0.3 million in 2023, $0.2 million in 2022, and $0.2 million in 2021.
The following table presents information about the Company's restricted stock awards as of and for the year ending December 31, 2023:
Restricted Stock Awards Outstanding
Weighted Average Price per Share
(Dollars in Thousands, Except Per Share Amounts)
Restricted Stock Awards:
Outstanding at December 31, 2022
601,495
$
12.99
Granted
449,265
10.56
Vested
(295,085)
11.69
Forfeited / Canceled
(6,576)
11.62
Outstanding at December 31, 2023
749,099
$
12.06
Unrecognized compensation cost
$
5,176
Weighted average remaining recognition period (months)
(2) Shares available for issuance under the 2021 Plan. The Company has only issued restricted stock awards under the 2021 Plan.
(21) Fair Value of Financial Instruments
A description of the valuation methodologies used for assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring and non-recurring basis, as well as the general classification of such instruments pursuant to the valuation hierarchy, is set forth below. There were no changes in the valuation techniques used during 2023 and 2022.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
Carrying Value as of December 31, 2022
Level 1
Level 2
Level 3
Total
(In Thousands)
Assets:
Investment securities available-for-sale:
GSE debentures
$
—
$
152,422
$
—
$
152,422
GSE CMOs
—
18,220
—
18,220
GSE MBSs
—
140,576
—
140,576
Corporate debt obligations
—
13,764
—
13,764
U.S. Treasury bonds
—
331,307
—
331,307
Foreign government obligations
—
477
—
477
Total investment securities available-for-sale
$
—
$
656,766
$
—
$
656,766
Interest rate derivatives
—
34
—
34
Loan level derivatives
—
108,963
—
108,963
Risk participation-out agreements
—
347
—
347
Foreign exchange contracts
—
130
—
130
Liabilities:
Interest rate derivatives
$
—
$
3,170
$
—
$
3,170
Loan level derivatives
$
—
$
108,963
$
—
$
108,963
Risk participation-in agreements
—
31
—
31
Foreign exchange contracts
—
112
—
112
Investment Securities Available-for-Sale
The fair value of investment securities is based principally on market prices and dealer quotes received from third-party and nationally-recognized pricing services for identical investment securities such as U.S. Treasury and agency securities. These prices are validated by comparing the primary pricing source with an alternative pricing source when available. When quoted market prices for identical securities are unavailable, the Company uses market prices provided by independent pricing services based on recent trading activity and other observable information, including but not limited to market interest-rate curves, referenced credit spreads and estimated prepayment speeds where applicable. These investments include GSE debentures, GSE mortgage-related securities, SBA commercial loan asset backed securities, corporate debt securities, municipal obligations and U.S. Treasury bonds, all of which are included in Level 2. As of December 31, 2023, certain corporate debt securities and municipal obligations were valued using pricing models included in Level 3, compared to December 31, 2022 when no securities were included in Level 3.
Additionally, management reviews changes in fair value from period to period and performs testing to ensure that prices received from the third parties are consistent with management's expectation of the market. Changes in the prices obtained from the pricing service are analyzed from month to month, taking into consideration changes in market conditions including changes in mortgage spreads, changes in U.S. Treasury security yields and changes in generic pricing of 15-year and 30-year securities. Additional analysis may include a review of prices provided by other independent parties, a yield analysis, a review of average life changes using Bloomberg analytics and a review of historical pricing for a particular security.
Derivatives and Hedging Instruments
The fair value of interest rate derivatives designated as hedging instruments, loan level derivatives, risk participation agreements (RPA in/out), and foreign exchange contracts represent a Level 2 valuation and are based on settlement values adjusted for credit risks associated with the counterparties and the Company and observable market interest rate curves and foreign exchange rates where applicable. Credit risk adjustments consider factors such as the likelihood of default by the Company and its counterparties, its net exposures and remaining contractual life. To date, the Company has not realized any losses due to a counterparty's inability to pay any net uncollateralized position. Refer also to Note 16, "Derivatives and Hedging Activities."
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
There were no transfers between levels for assets and liabilities recorded at fair value on a recurring basis during 2023 or 2022.
The following tables summarize information about significant unobservable inputs related to the Company's categories of Level 3 financial assets and liabilities measured on a recurring basis. As part of the PCSB acquisition, select municipal obligations and corporate debt securities are held in Level 3.
Quantitative Information About Level 3 Fair Value Measurements - Recurring Basis
Financial Instrument
Estimated Fair Value
Valuation Technique(s)
Significant Unobservable Inputs
Range of Inputs
Weighted Average
(In Thousands)
December 31, 2023
Assets
Municipal obligations
$
15,524
Discounted Cash Flow
Discount Rate from Bloomberg BVAL
0.00%-3.13%
1.21
%
Corporate debt obligations
2,379
Observable Bids
Bloomberg TRACE
The following table summarizes the changes in estimated fair value for all assets and liabilities measured at estimated fair value on a recurring basis using significant unobservable inputs (Level 3).
Changes in Estimated Fair Value of Level 3 Financial Assets and Liabilities - Recurring Basis
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
Assets and Liabilities Recorded at Fair Value on a Non-Recurring Basis
Assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a non-recurring basis as of December 31, 2023 and 2022 are summarized below:
Carrying Value as of December 31, 2023
Level 1
Level 2
Level 3
Total
(In Thousands)
Assets measured at fair value on a non-recurring basis:
Collateral-dependent impaired loans and leases
$
—
$
—
$
16,720
$
16,720
OREO
—
—
780
780
Repossessed assets
—
914
—
914
Total assets measured at fair value on a non-recurring basis
$
—
$
914
$
17,500
$
18,414
Carrying Value as of December 31, 2022
Level 1
Level 2
Level 3
Total
(In Thousands)
Assets measured at fair value on a non-recurring basis:
Collateral-dependent impaired loans and leases
$
—
$
—
$
779
$
779
OREO
$
—
$
—
$
—
$
—
Repossessed assets
—
408
—
408
Total assets measured at fair value on a non-recurring basis
$
—
$
408
$
779
$
1,187
Collateral-Dependent Impaired Loans and Leases
For nonperforming loans and leases where the credit quality of the borrower has deteriorated significantly, fair values of the underlying collateral were estimated using purchase and sales agreements (Level 2), or comparable sales or recent appraisals (Level 3), adjusted for selling costs and other expenses.
Other Real Estate Owned
The Company records OREO at the lower of cost or fair value. In estimating fair value, the Company utilizes purchase and sales agreements (Level 2) or comparable sales, recent appraisals or cash flows discounted at an interest rate commensurate with the risk associated with these cash flows (Level 3), adjusted for selling costs and other expenses.
Repossessed Assets
Repossessed assets are carried at estimated fair value less costs to sell based on auction pricing (Level 2).
The table below presents quantitative information about significant unobservable inputs (Level 3) for assets measured at fair value on a recurring basis at the dates indicated.
(1) Fair value is generally determined through independent appraisals of the underlying collateral. The Company may also use another available source of collateral assessment to determine a reasonable estimate of the fair value of the collateral. Appraisals may be adjusted by management for qualitative factors such as economic factors and estimated liquidation expenses. The range of the unobservable inputs used may vary but is generally 0% - 10% on the discount for costs to sell and 0% - 15% on appraisal adjustments.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
Summary of Estimated Fair Values of Financial Instruments
The following table presents the carrying amount, estimated fair value, and placement in the fair value hierarchy of the Company's financial instruments at the dates indicated. This table excludes financial instruments for which the carrying amount approximates fair value. Financial assets for which the fair value approximates carrying value include cash and cash equivalents, restricted equity securities, and accrued interest receivable. Financial liabilities for which the fair value approximates carrying value include non-maturity deposits, short-term borrowings, and accrued interest payable. There were no transfers between levels during 2023.
Fair Value Measurements
Carrying Value
Estimated Fair Value
Level 1 Inputs
Level 2 Inputs
Level 3 Inputs
(In Thousands)
At December 31, 2023
Financial assets:
Loans and leases, net
$
9,524,067
$
8,603,343
$
—
$
—
$
8,603,343
Financial liabilities:
Certificates of deposit
2,456,028
2,443,433
—
2,443,433
—
Borrowed funds
1,376,670
1,378,762
—
1,378,762
—
At December 31, 2022
Financial assets:
Loans and leases, net
$
7,545,906
$
7,450,654
$
—
$
—
$
7,450,654
Financial liabilities:
Certificates of deposit
1,238,287
1,217,024
—
1,217,024
—
Borrowed funds
1,432,652
1,431,716
—
1,431,716
—
Loans and Leases
The fair values of performing loans and leases was estimated by segregating the portfolio into its primary loan and lease categories—commercial real estate mortgage, multi-family mortgage, construction, commercial, equipment financing, condominium association, residential mortgage, home equity and other consumer. These categories were further disaggregated based upon significant financial characteristics such as type of interest rate (fixed / variable) and payment status (current / past-due). Using the exit price valuation method, the Company discounts the contractual cash flows for each loan category using interest rates currently being offered for loans with similar terms to borrowers of similar quality and incorporates estimates of future loan prepayments.
Deposits
The fair values of deposit liabilities with no stated maturity (demand, NOW, savings and money market savings accounts) are equal to the carrying amounts payable on demand. The fair value of certificates of deposit represents contractual cash flows discounted using interest rates currently offered on deposits with similar characteristics and remaining maturities. The fair value estimates for deposits do not include the benefit that results from the low-cost funding provided by the Company's core deposit relationships (deposit-based intangibles).
Borrowed Funds
The fair value of federal funds purchased is equal to the amount borrowed. The fair value of FHLB advances and repurchase agreements represents contractual repayments discounted using interest rates currently available for borrowings with similar characteristics and remaining maturities. The fair values reported for retail repurchase agreements are based on the discounted value of contractual cash flows. The discount rates used are representative of approximate rates currently offered on borrowings with similar characteristics and maturities. The fair values reported for subordinated deferrable interest debentures are based on the discounted value of contractual cash flows. The discount rates used are representative of approximate rates currently offered on instruments with similar terms and maturities.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
(22) Condensed Parent Company Financial Statements
Condensed Parent Company Balance Sheets as of December 31, 2023 and 2022 and Statements of Income for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021 are as follows. The Statement of Stockholders' Equity is not presented below as the parent company's stockholders' equity is that of the consolidated company.
Balance Sheets
At December 31,
2023
2022
(In Thousands)
ASSETS
Cash and due from banks
$
22,798
$
161,281
Short-term investments
33
32
Total cash and cash equivalents
22,831
161,313
Restricted equity securities
152
152
Premises and equipment, net
2,701
4,167
Deferred tax asset
2,310
2,646
Investment in subsidiaries, at equity
1,220,425
877,833
Goodwill
35,267
35,267
Other assets
26,533
15,799
Total assets
$
1,310,219
$
1,097,177
LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY
Borrowed funds
$
84,188
$
84,044
Accrued expenses and other liabilities
27,387
21,008
Total liabilities
111,575
105,052
Stockholders' equity:
Common stock, $0.01 par value; 200,000,000 shares authorized; 96,998,075 shares issued and 85,177,172 shares issued, respectively
970
852
Additional paid-in capital
902,659
736,074
Retained earnings
438,722
412,019
Accumulated other comprehensive loss
(52,798)
(61,947)
Treasury stock, at cost; 7,354,399 shares and 7,731,445 shares, respectively
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
Statements of Cash Flows
Year Ended December 31,
2023
2022
2021
(In Thousands)
Cash flows from operating activities:
Net income attributable to parent company
$
74,999
$
109,744
$
115,440
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided from operating activities:
Equity in undistributed income of subsidiaries
(37,274)
16,374
(33,644)
Depreciation of premises and equipment
1,514
1,211
1,111
Amortization of debt issuance costs
100
100
100
Other operating activities, net
(22,515)
(11,989)
(5,416)
Net cash provided from operating activities
16,824
115,440
77,591
Cash flows from investing activities:
Repayment of ESOP loan by Brookline Bank
—
252
250
Pay down of intercompany loan to Brookline Bank
—
—
10,000
Proceeds from sale of restricted equity securities
—
100
—
Purchase of premises and equipment
(48)
(3,257)
(1,820)
Outlays for PCSB acquisition
(107,332)
—
—
Net cash (used for) provided from investing activities
(107,380)
(2,905)
8,430
Cash flows from financing activities:
Payment of dividends on common stock
(47,926)
(40,077)
(37,463)
Net cash used for from financing activities
(47,926)
(40,077)
(37,463)
Net (decrease) increase in cash and cash equivalents
(138,482)
72,458
48,558
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of year
161,313
88,855
40,297
Cash and cash equivalents at end of year
$
22,831
$
161,313
$
88,855
(23) Revenue from Contracts with Customers
Overview
Revenue from contracts with customers in the scope of ASC 606 ("Topic 606") is measured based on the consideration specified in the contract with a customer and excludes amounts collected on behalf of third parties. The Company recognizes revenue from contracts with customers when it satisfies its performance obligations.
The Company’s performance obligations are generally satisfied as services are rendered and can either be satisfied at a point in time or over time. Unsatisfied performance obligations at the report date are not material to our consolidated financial statements.
In certain cases, other parties are involved with providing services to our customers. If the Company is a principal in the transaction (providing services itself or through a third party on its behalf), revenues are reported based on the gross consideration received from the customer and any related expenses are reported in gross non-interest expense. If the Company is an agent in the transaction (referring to another party to provide services), the Company reports its net fee or commission retained as revenue.
A substantial portion of the Company’s revenue is specifically excluded from the scope of Topic 606. This exclusion is associated with financial instruments, including interest income on loans and investment securities, in addition to loan derivative income and gains on loan and investment sales. For the revenue that is in-scope of Topic 606, the following is a description of principal activities from which the Company generates its revenue from contracts with customers, separated by the timing of revenue recognition.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
Revenue Recognized at a Point in Time
The Company recognizes revenue that is transactional in nature and such revenue is earned at a point in time. Revenue that is recognized at a point in time includes card interchange fees (fee income related to debit card transactions), ATM fees, wire transfer fees, overdraft charge fees, and stop-payment and returned check fees. Additionally, revenue is collected from loan fees, such as letters of credit, line renewal fees and application fees. Such revenue is derived from transactional information and is recognized as revenue immediately as the transactions occur or upon providing the service to complete the customer’s transaction.
Revenue Recognized Over Time
The Company recognizes revenue over a period of time, generally monthly, as services are performed and performance obligations are satisfied. Such revenue includes commissions on investments, insurance sales and service charges on deposit accounts. Fee revenue from service charges on deposit accounts represents the service charges assessed to customers who hold deposit accounts at the Banks.
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EX-23
Document
Consent of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
We consent to the incorporation by reference in the registration statement (No. 333-273248) on Form S-3 and registration statements (Nos. 333-197317 and 333-256081) on Form S-8 of our reports dated February 27, 2024, with respect to the consolidated financial statements of Brookline Bancorp, Inc. and the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting.
PURSUANT TO SECTION 302 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002
I, Paul A. Perrault, Chairman and Chief Executive Officer, certify that:
1. I have reviewed this Annual Report on Form 10-K of Brookline Bancorp, Inc. (the "Registrant");
2. Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;
3. Based on my knowledge, the financial statements and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the Registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;
4. The Registrant's other certifying officer and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15(d)-15(f)) for the Registrant and have:
a) Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the Registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;
b) Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;
c) Evaluated the effectiveness of the Registrant's disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and
d) Disclosed in this report any change in the Registrant's internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the Registrant's fourth fiscal quarter that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the Registrant's internal control over financial reporting; and
5. The Registrant's other certifying officer and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the Registrant's auditors and the audit committee of Registrant's board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):
a) All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the Registrant's ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and
b) Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the Registrant's internal control over financial reporting.
PURSUANT TO SECTION 302 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002
I, Carl M. Carlson, Co-President, Chief Financial and Strategy Officer, certify that:
1. I have reviewed this Annual Report on Form 10-K of Brookline Bancorp, Inc. (the "Registrant");
2. Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;
3. Based on my knowledge, the financial statements and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the Registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;
4. The Registrant's other certifying officer and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15(d)-15(f)) for the Registrant and have:
a) Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the Registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;
b) Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;
c) Evaluated the effectiveness of the Registrant's disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and
d) Disclosed in this report any change in the Registrant's internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the Registrant's fourth fiscal quarter that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the Registrant's internal control over financial reporting; and
5. The Registrant's other certifying officer and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the Registrant's auditors and the audit committee of Registrant's board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):
a) All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the Registrant's ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and
b) Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the Registrant's internal control over financial reporting.
Date: February 27, 2024
/s/ CARL M. CARLSON
Carl M. Carlson
Co-President, Chief Financial and Strategy Officer
STATEMENT FURNISHED PURSUANT TO SECTION 906 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT
OF 2002, 18 U.S.C. SECTION 1350
The undersigned, Paul A. Perrault, is the Chairman and Chief Executive Officer of Brookline Bancorp, Inc. (the "Company").
This statement is being furnished in connection with the filing by the Company of the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2023 (the "Report").
By execution of this statement, I certify that:
A) the Report fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (15 U.S.C. 78m(a) or 78o(d)); and
B) the information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Company as of the dates and for the periods covered by the Report.
This statement is authorized to be attached as an exhibit to the Report so that this statement will accompany the Report at such time as the Report is filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, 18 U.S.C. Section 1350. It is not intended that this statement be deemed to be filed for purposes of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended.
STATEMENT FURNISHED PURSUANT TO SECTION 906 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT
OF 2002, 18 U.S.C. SECTION 1350
The undersigned, Carl M. Carlson, is the Co-President, Chief Financial and Strategy Officer of Brookline Bancorp, Inc. (the "Company").
This statement is being furnished in connection with the filing by the Company of the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2023 (the "Report").
By execution of this statement, I certify that:
A) the Report fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (15 U.S.C. 78m(a) or 78o(d)); and
B) the information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Company as of the dates and for the periods covered by the Report.
This statement is authorized to be attached as an exhibit to the Report so that this statement will accompany the Report at such time as the Report is filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, 18 U.S.C. Section 1350. It is not intended that this statement be deemed to be filed for purposes of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended.
Date: February 27, 2024
/s/ CARL M. CARLSON
Carl M. Carlson
Co-President, Chief Financial and Strategy Officer
Brookline Bancorp, Inc., a Delaware corporation (the “Company”), has adopted a Compensation Recovery Policy (this “Policy”) as described below.
1. Overview
The Policy sets forth the circumstances and procedures under which the Company shall recover Erroneously Awarded Compensation from Covered Persons (as defined below) in accordance with rules issued by the United States Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”) and the Nasdaq Stock Market. Capitalized terms used and not otherwise defined herein shall have the meaning given in Section 3, below.
2. Compensation Recovery Requirement
In the event the Company is required to prepare a Financial Restatement, the Company shall recover reasonably promptly all Erroneously Awarded Compensation with respect to such Financial Restatement.
3. Definitions
a.“Applicable Recovery Period” means the three completed fiscal years immediately preceding the Restatement Date for a Financial Restatement. In addition, in the event the Company has changed its fiscal year: (i) any transition period of less than nine months occurring within or immediately following such three completed fiscal years shall also be part of such Applicable Recovery Period and (ii) any transition period of nine to 12 months will be deemed to be a completed fiscal year.
b.“Applicable Rules” means any rules or regulations adopted by the Exchange pursuant to Rule 10D-1 under the Exchange Act and any applicable rules or regulations adopted by the SEC pursuant to Section 10D of the Exchange Act.
c.“Board” means the Board of Directors of the Company.
d.“Committee” means the Compensation Committee of the Board or, in the absence of such committee, a majority of independent directors serving on the Board.
e.“Covered Person means any Executive Officer and any other person designated by the Board or the Committee as being subject to this Policy. A person’s status as a Covered Person with respect to Erroneously Awarded Compensation shall be determined as of the time of receipt of such Erroneously Awarded Compensation regardless of the person’s current role or status with the Company (e.g., if a person began service as an Executive Officer after the beginning of an Applicable Recovery Period, that person would not be considered a Covered Person with respect to Erroneously Awarded Compensation received before the person began service as an Executive Officer, but would be considered a Covered Person with respect to Erroneously Awarded Compensation received after the person began service as an Executive Officer where such person served as an Executive Officer at any time during the performance period for such Erroneously Awarded Compensation).
f.“Effective Date” means October 2, 2023.
g.“Erroneously Awarded Compensation” means, the amount of any Incentive-Based Compensation received by a Covered Person on or after the Effective Date and during the Applicable Recovery Period that exceeds the amount that otherwise would have been received by the Covered Person had such compensation been determined based on the restated amounts in Financial Restatement, computed without regard to any taxes paid. Calculation of Erroneously Awarded Compensation with respect to Incentive-Based Compensation based on stock price or total shareholder return, where the amount of Erroneously Awarded Compensation is not subject to mathematical recalculation directly from the information in a Financial Restatement, shall be based on a reasonable estimate of the effect of the Financial Restatement on the stock price or total shareholder return upon which the Incentive-Based Compensation was received, and the Company shall maintain documentation of the determination of such reasonable estimate and provide such documentation to the Exchange in accordance with the Applicable Rules. Incentive-Based Compensation is deemed received, earned, or vested when the Financial Reporting Measure is attained, not when the actual payment, grant, or vesting occurs.
h.“Exchange” means The Nasdaq Stock Market LLC.
i.An “Executive Officer” means any person who served the Company in any of the following roles, at any time during the performance period applicable to the Incentive-Based Compensation such person received during service in such role: the president, the principal financial officer, the principal accounting officer (or if there is no such accounting officer the controller), any vice president in charge of a principal business unit, division or function (such as sales, administration or finance), any other officer who performs a policy making function, or any other person who performs similar policy making functions for the issuer. Executive officers of parents or subsidiaries of the Company may be deemed executive officers of the Company if they perform such policy making functions for the Company. Policy-making function is not intended to include policy-making functions that are not significant. Identification of an executive officer for purposes of this section would include at a minimum executive officers identified pursuant to 17 CFR 229.401(b).
j.“Financial Reporting Measures” mean measures that are determined and presented in accordance with the accounting principles used in preparing the Company’s financial statements, any measures that are derived wholly or in part from such measures (including, for example, a non-GAAP financial measure), and stock price and total shareholder return.
k.“Incentive-Based Compensation” means any compensation provided, directly or indirectly, by the Company or any of its subsidiaries that is granted, earned, or vested based, in whole or in part, upon the attainment of a Financial Reporting Measure and any equity-based compensation provided by the Company or any of its subsidiaries, including, without limitation, stock options, restricted stock awards, restricted stock units and stock appreciation rights.
l.A “Financial Restatement” means a restatement of previously issued financial statements of the Company due to the material noncompliance of the Company with any financial reporting requirement under the securities laws, including any required restatement to correct an error in previously-issued financial statements that is material to the previously-issued financial statements or that would result in a material misstatement if the error were corrected in the current period or left uncorrected in the current period.
m.“Restatement Date” means, with respect to a Financial Restatement, the earlier to occur of: (i) the date the Board or the Audit Committee of the Board concludes, or reasonably should have concluded, that the Company is required to prepare the Financial Restatement or (ii) the date a court, regulator or other legally authorized body directs the Company to prepare the Financial Restatement.
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4. Exception to Compensation Recovery Requirement
The Company may elect not to recover Erroneously Awarded Compensation pursuant to this Policy if the Committee determines that recovery would be impracticable, and one or more of the following conditions, together with any further requirements set forth in the Applicable Rules, are met: (i) the direct expense paid to a third party, including outside legal counsel, to assist in enforcing this Policy would exceed the amount to be recovered, and the Company has made a reasonable attempt to recover such Erroneously Awarded Compensation; or (ii) recovery would likely cause an otherwise tax-qualified retirement plan to fail to be so qualified under applicable regulations.
5. Tax Considerations
To the extent that, pursuant to this Policy, the Company is entitled to recover any Erroneously Awarded Compensation that is received by a Covered Person, the gross amount received (i.e., the amount the Covered Person received, or was entitled to receive, before any deductions for tax withholding or other payments) shall be returned by the Covered Person.
7. Method of Compensation Recovery
The Committee shall determine, in its sole discretion, the method for recovering Erroneously Awarded Compensation hereunder, which may include, without limitation, any one or more of the following:
a.requiring reimbursement of cash Incentive-Based Compensation previously paid;
b.seeking recovery of any gain realized on the vesting, exercise, settlement, sale, transfer or other disposition of any equity-based awards;
c.cancelling or rescinding some or all outstanding vested or unvested equity-based awards;
d.adjusting or withholding from unpaid compensation or other set-off;
e.cancelling or offsetting against planned future grants of equity-based awards; and/or
f.any other method permitted by applicable law or contract.
Notwithstanding the foregoing, a Covered Person will be deemed to have satisfied such person’s obligation to return Erroneously Awarded Compensation to the Company if such Erroneously Awarded Compensation is returned in the exact same form in which it was received; provided that equity withheld to satisfy tax obligations will be deemed to have been received in cash in an amount equal to the tax withholding payment made.
8. Policy Interpretation
This Policy shall be interpreted in a manner that is consistent with the Applicable Rules and any other applicable law. The Committee shall take into consideration any applicable interpretations and guidance of the SEC in interpreting this Policy, including, for example, in determining whether a financial restatement qualifies as a Financial Restatement hereunder. To the extent the Applicable Rules require recovery of Incentive-Based Compensation in additional circumstances besides those specified above, nothing in this Policy shall be deemed to limit or restrict the right or obligation of the Company to recover Incentive-Based Compensation to the fullest extent required by the Applicable Rules.
9. Policy Administration
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This Policy shall be administered by the Committee. The Committee shall have such powers and authorities related to the administration of this Policy as are consistent with the governing documents of the Company and applicable law. The Committee shall have full power and authority to take, or direct the taking of, all actions and to make all determinations required or provided for under this Policy and shall have full power and authority to take, or direct the taking of, all such other actions and make all such other determinations not inconsistent with the specific terms and provisions of this Policy that the Committee deems to be necessary or appropriate to the administration of this Policy. The interpretation and construction by the Committee of any provision of this Policy and all determinations made by the Committee under this policy shall be final, binding and conclusive.
10. Compensation Recovery Repayments not Subject to Indemnification
Notwithstanding anything to the contrary set forth in any agreement with, or the organizational documents of, the Company or any of its subsidiaries, Covered Persons are not entitled to indemnification for Erroneously Awarded Compensation or for any claim or losses arising out of or in any way related to Erroneously Awarded Compensation recovered under this Policy.
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brkl-20231231_cal.xml
XBRL TAXONOMY EXTENSION CALCULATION LINKBASE DOCUMENT
EX-101.DEF
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brkl-20231231_def.xml
XBRL TAXONOMY EXTENSION DEFINITION LINKBASE DOCUMENT
EX-101.LAB
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brkl-20231231_lab.xml
XBRL TAXONOMY EXTENSION LABEL LINKBASE DOCUMENT
Weighted average interest rate of total advances from the FHLB (as a percent)Federal Home Loan Bank, Advances, General Debt Obligations, Disclosures, Interest Rate at Period EndSchedule of Debt Instruments [Table]Schedule of Debt Instruments [Table]A table or schedule providing information pertaining to short-term and long-term debt instruments or arrangements, including identification, terms, features, collateral requirements and other information necessary to a fair presentation.Non-accrual with no related AllowanceFinancing Receivable, Excluding Accrued Interest, Nonaccrual, No AllowanceYear FourFinancing Receivable, Excluding Accrued Interest, Year Four, Originated, Three Years before Current Fiscal YearAfter six months but within 1 yearTime Deposits Weighted Average Interest Rate Maturities Six to Twelve MonthsWeighted average interest rate for time deposits held by the entity with a remaining term of greater than six months, but twelve months or less.OriginatedOriginated Financing Receivable [Member]Represents the amount of the originated investment in a contractual right to receive money on demand or on fixed or determinable dates that is recognized as an asset in the creditor's statement of financial position.Stock Appreciation Rights (SARs)Stock Appreciation Rights (SARs) [Member]Revolving LoansFinancing Receivable, Excluding Accrued Interest, Revolving, WriteoffProceeds from sales of investment securities available-for-saleProceeds from Sale of Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale% of Total Class of Loans and LeasesFinancing Receivable, Excluding Accrued Interest, Modified in Period, to Total Financing Receivables, PercentageOther borrowed fundsOther Debt [Member]Other Debt [Member]Borrowing capacityLine of Credit Facility, Maximum Borrowing CapacitySalesFair Value, Measurement with Unobservable Inputs Reconciliation, Recurring Basis, Asset, SalesAward Type [Domain]Award Type [Domain]Fair Value as of Grant DateAward Grant Date Fair ValueInvestment, Name [Domain]Investment, Name [Domain]Impairment lossesImpairment of Intangible Assets (Excluding Goodwill)Employee BenefitsPension and Other Postretirement Plans, Policy [Policy Text Block]Schedule of Assets Acquired and Liabilities AssumedSchedule of Recognized Identified Assets Acquired and Liabilities Assumed [Table Text Block]Year oneFinancing Receivable, Excluding Accrued Interest, Year One, Originated, Current Fiscal Year, WriteoffTier 1 (as a percent)Tier One Risk Based Capital Required For Fully Phased In Capital Adequacy Purposes Plus Capital Conservation Buffer To Risk Weighted Average AssetsTier One Risk Based Capital Required For Fully Phased In Capital Adequacy Purposes Plus Capital Conservation Buffer To Risk Weighted Average AssetsPercent of total loan balancePercentage Of Loans And Leases Receivable To Aggregate Outstanding AmountPercentage Of Loans And Leases Receivable To Aggregate Outstanding AmountFinancing receivable, modified, weighted average interest rate decrease from modificationFinancing Receivable, Modified, Weighted Average Interest Rate Decrease from ModificationNet increase in loans and leasesPayments For (Proceeds from) Other Loans ReceivablePayments For (Proceeds from) Other Loans ReceivableInterest rate period 2Debt Instrument, Interest Rate, Period Two [Member]Debt Instrument, Interest Rate, Period Two [Member]TotalAdvance from Federal Home Loan BankBeginning balanceEnding balanceFair Value, Measurement with Unobservable Inputs Reconciliation, Recurring Basis, Asset ValueAccrued interest receivableDebt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Accrued Interest, after Allowance for Credit LossOther real estate owned ("OREO") and repossessed assets, netOther Real Estate, Foreclosed Assets, and Repossessed AssetsProceeds from redemption/sales of restricted equity securitiesProceeds from sale of restricted equity securitiesProceeds from Sale of Restricted InvestmentsClass of Financing Receivable [Domain]Class of Financing Receivable [Domain]Insider Trading Policies and Procedures [Line Items]OREOOther real estate ownedOther Real Estate Owned [Member]Represents the other real estate owned by the entity.Supplemental balance sheet information related to leases was as follows:Operating Lease, Assets And Liabilities, Lessee [Abstract]Operating Lease, Assets And Liabilities, Lessee [Abstract]Rule 10b5-1 Arrangement TerminatedRule 10b5-1 Arrangement Terminated [Flag]2028Lessee, Operating Lease, Liability, to be Paid, Year FiveRestatement does not require RecoveryRestatement Does Not Require Recovery [Text Block]Stockholders' EquityEquity [Text Block]CurrentFinancial Asset, Not Past Due [Member]Weighted Average Discount RateLeases, Weighted Average Discount Rate [Abstract]Leases, Weighted Average Discount Rate [Abstract]Subordinated debentures and notesSubordinated Debt [Member]Tax exempt BOLI incomeBank Owned Life Insurance IncomeFederalDeferred Federal Income Tax Expense (Benefit)Over age 65Over 65 Age [Member]Represents entity's defined benefits pension or other postretirement plans by participants over age 65.Restricted equity securitiesRestricted InvestmentsWithin 1 yearFederal Home Loan Bank, Advance, Maturity, Average Interest Rate, Year OnePayment of dividends on common stockPayments of Ordinary Dividends, Common StockDerivative Instruments, Gain (Loss) [Line Items]Derivative Instruments, Gain (Loss) [Line Items]Diluted (in dollars per share)Diluted, EPS (in dollars per share)Earnings Per Share, DilutedWithin six monthsTime Deposit Maturities Six MonthsAmount of time deposits (including certificates of deposits, individual retirement accounts and open accounts) held by the entity with a remaining term of six months or less.Net reclassification adjustment for change in fair value of cash flow hedgesOther Comprehensive Income (Loss), Cash Flow Hedge, Gain (Loss), Reclassification, after TaxReceivable [Domain]Receivable [Domain]Business combination, provisional information, initial accounting incomplete, adjustment, borrowingsBusiness Combination, Provisional Information, Initial Accounting Incomplete, Adjustment, BorrowingsBusiness Combination, Provisional Information, Initial Accounting Incomplete, Adjustment, BorrowingsDerivative Asset, Statement of Financial Position [Extensible Enumeration]Derivative Asset, Statement of Financial Position [Extensible Enumeration]Trading SymbolTrading SymbolWeighted Average RateAvailable-For-Sale Securities Debt Maturities Weighted Average Rate [Abstract]Available-For-Sale Securities Debt Maturities Weighted Average RateObservable bidsAppraisal of collateralValuation, Market Approach [Member]Combination - Maturity Extension and Interest Rate ReductionCombination - Maturity Extension and Interest Rate Reduction [Member]Combination - Maturity Extension and Interest Rate ReductionIncome before income taxesIncome (Loss) Before Income Taxes And Distributions In Excess Of Net Income Of SubsidiariesRepresents the income before income tax and distribution in excess of net income of subsidiaries.ThereafterFinite-Lived Intangible Asset, Expected Amortization, after Year FiveFair Value Disclosures [Abstract]Fair Value Disclosures [Abstract]Common equity Tier 1 capital ratioTier One Common Equity Capital Required For Fully Phased In Capital Adequacy Purposes Plus Capital Conservation BufferTier One Common Equity Capital Required For Fully Phased In Capital Adequacy Purposes Plus Capital Conservation BufferSummary of Interest Expense on Deposit BalancesSchedule of Interest Expense on Deposits [Table Text Block]Tabular disclosure of interest expense on deposit balances.NOW accountsDeposits, Negotiable Order of Withdrawal (NOW)Indefinite-lived Intangible Assets, Major Class Name [Domain]Indefinite-Lived Intangible Assets, Major Class Name [Domain]Benefits paidDefined Benefit Plan, Plan Assets, Benefits PaidEstimated fair value of debt securities have right to call or prepay the obligationsCertain Loans Acquired in Transfer Accounted for as Debt Securities Right to Call or Prepay the Obligations, Estimated Fair ValueRepresents the estimated fair value of debt securities that have right to call or prepay the obligations.Within 1 yearFederal Home Loan Bank Advances Callable Amount within One Year of Balance Sheet DateRepresents the amount of Federal Home Loan Bank advances outstanding which are callable within one year of the balance sheet date.Investment SecuritiesInvestments in Debt and Marketable Equity Securities (and Certain Trading Assets) Disclosure [Text Block]Other commercialLine of Credit Facility Remaining Borrowing Capacity for Other CommercialAmount of borrowing capacity currently available under the other commercial facility (current borrowing capacity less the amount of borrowings outstanding).Other intangibleOther Intangible Assets [Member]Schedule of Reconciliation of basic EPS and Diluted EPSSchedule of Earnings Per Share, Basic and Diluted [Table Text Block]Service costDefined Benefit Plan, Service CostDerivative Liability, Statement of Financial Position [Extensible Enumeration]Derivative Liability, Statement of Financial Position [Extensible Enumeration]Available for sale securities pledged as collateralDebt Securities, Available-for-Sale, RestrictedExecutive Category:Executive Category [Axis]Schedule of Changes in Estimated Fair Value For All Assets and Liabilities Measured at Estimated Fair ValueFair Value, Assets Measured on Recurring Basis, Unobservable Input Reconciliation [Table Text Block]FDIC insuranceFederal Deposit Insurance Corporation Premium ExpenseWithin 1 yearDebt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Weighted Average Yield, Maturity, Year OneRestricted Stock Awards OutstandingShare-Based Compensation Arrangement by Share-Based Payment Award, Equity Instruments Other than Options, Nonvested, Number of Shares [Roll Forward]Level 1Fair Value, Inputs, Level 1 [Member]CME term SOFRCME term Secured Overnight Financing Rate (SOFR) Adjustment [Member]CME term Secured Overnight Financing Rate (SOFR) AdjustmentInterest expense:Interest Expense [Abstract]Carrying ValueReported Value Measurement [Member]Revolving Loans Converted to Term LoansFinancing Receivable, Excluding Accrued Interest, Revolving, Converted to Term LoanDividend rate received from the FHLBDividend Rate Received from the FHLBDividend Rate Received from the FHLBSchedule of Premises and EquipmentProperty, Plant and Equipment [Table Text Block]Equity Components [Axis]Equity Components [Axis]Weighted Average Exercise Price of Outstanding Options, Warrants and Right (in dollars per share)Class of Warrant or Right, Exercise Price of Warrants or RightsFinancial Instruments [Domain]Financial Instruments [Domain]Additional 402(v) DisclosureAdditional 402(v) Disclosure [Text Block]Condensed Balance Sheet Statements, Captions [Line Items]Condensed Balance Sheet Statements, Captions [Line Items]Allowance for Credit LossesCredit Loss, Financial Instrument [Policy Text Block]Investment Type [Axis]Investment Type [Axis]Less than twelve months, unrealized lossesAvailable-For-Sale And Held-To-Maturity Securities, Continuous Unrealized Loss Position, Less Than 12 Months, Accumulated LossAvailable-For-Sale And Held-To-Maturity Securities, Continuous Unrealized Loss Position, Less Than 12 Months, Accumulated LossEstimated fair value of debt securities have right to call or prepay the obligations, scheduled maturities of which is after 10 yearsCallable Securities Debt, Maturities After Ten Years, Fair ValueThis item represents the fair value of debt securities that have right to call or prepay the obligation which are expected to mature after ten years from the balance sheet date and which are categorized neither as held-to-maturity nor trading securities.Allowance for loan and lease lossesBeginning balanceEnding balanceTotal, allowance for loan and lease lossesFinancing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Loss, Excluding Accrued InterestAfter six months but within 1 yearTime Deposit Maturities Six to Twelve MonthsAmount of time deposits (including certificates of deposits, individual retirement accounts and open accounts) held by the entity with a remaining term of greater than six months, but twelve months or less.Entity Small BusinessEntity Small Business2027Finite-Lived Intangible Asset, Expected Amortization, Year FourInvestments [Domain]Investments [Domain]Minimum Required for Fully Phased in Capital Adequacy Purposes plus Capital Conservation BufferTier One Common Equity Capital Required For Fully Phased In Capital Adequacy Purposes Plus Capital Conservation Buffer To Average Assets [Abstract]Tier One Common Equity Capital Required for Fully Phased in Capital Adequacy Purposes plus Capital Conservation Buffer to Average Assets [Abstract]Minimum capital adequacy ratioBanking Regulation, Risk-Based Information [Abstract]Local Phone NumberLocal Phone NumberRecovery of Erroneously Awarded Compensation Disclosure [Line Items]Equity in undistributed income of subsidiariesDistributions Less than in Excess of Net Income of subsidiariesRepresents the distributions less than (in excess of) net income of subsidiaries.Notional AmountTotalDerivative, Notional AmountSchedule of Actual and Required Capital RatiosSchedule of Compliance with Regulatory Capital Requirements under Banking Regulations [Table Text Block]Over 4 years to 5 yearsFederal Home Loan Bank, Advance, Maturity, Average Interest Rate, Year FiveMeasurement Frequency [Axis]Measurement Frequency [Axis]Extended maturityExtended Maturity [Member]Number of supplemental executive retirement plansNumber Of Supplemental Executive Retirement PlansNumber Of Supplemental Executive Retirement Plans(Decrease) increase in mortgagors' escrow accounts, netIncrease (Decrease) In Mortgagors Escrow AccountsThe designation of funds furnished by a borrower to a lender to assure future payments of the borrower's real estate taxes and insurance obligations with respect to a mortgaged property. Escrow account may be made for a variety of other purposes such as earnest money and contingent payments.Basis of PresentationOrganization, Consolidation and Presentation of Financial Statements Disclosure and Significant Accounting Policies [Text Block]Retirement Plan Type [Domain]Retirement Plan Type [Domain]Schedule of Restricted Stock AwardsShare-Based Payment Arrangement, Restricted Stock and Restricted Stock Unit, Activity [Table Text Block]Forgone Recovery due to Violation of Home Country Law, AmountForgone Recovery due to Violation of Home Country Law, AmountRetirement Benefits [Abstract]Retirement Benefits [Abstract]Trust relationshipTrust Relationship [Member]An asset acquired in a business combination representing a trust relationship that exists between an entity and trust.Portion at Fair Value MeasurementPortion at Fair Value Measurement [Member]Summary of Subordinated Debentures and NotesSchedule of Long-Term Debt Instruments [Table Text Block]OREO and Other Repossessed AssetsOther Real Estate Owned and Repossessed Assets [Policy Text Block]Disclosure of accounting policy of the company for real estate assets that is in control of the entity or acquired through foreclosure or repossession.Furniture, fixtures and equipmentFurniture, Fixtures and Equipment [Member]Long-lived, depreciable assets and tangible property that are commonly used.Over 10 yearsDebt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Amortized Cost, Maturity, Allocated and Single Maturity Date, after Year 10Prepaid expenseDeferred Tax Liabilities, Prepaid ExpensesSubordinated debenture maturing March 17, 2034Subordinated Debt, Mature March, 2034 [Member]This element represents domestic or foreign subordinated debt. Subordinated debt has a lower priority of repayment in liquidation of the entity's assets mature on March 17, 2034.Aggregate AvailableTrading Arrangement, Securities Aggregate Available AmountCash paid during the year for:Cash Paid During the Year for [Abstract]-- None. No documentation exists for this element. --Other expenseOther ExpensesInsider Trading Policies and Procedures Not AdoptedInsider Trading Policies and Procedures Not Adopted [Text Block]Schedule of Provisions for Credit LossesSchedule of Provision for Credit Losses [Table Text Block]Represents tabular disclosure of provision for credit losses.Merger and acquisition expenseTotal merger-related expensesBusiness Combination, Acquisition Related CostsActual health care trend that will be used to measure the accumulated postretirement benefit obligation (as a percent)Defined Benefit Plan, Health Care Cost Trend Rate Assumed, Next Fiscal YearAward Type [Axis]Award Type [Axis]OAEMSpecial Mention [Member]Granted (in shares)Share-Based Compensation Arrangement by Share-Based Payment Award, Equity Instruments Other than Options, Grants in PeriodPriorFinancing Receivable, Excluding Accrued Interest, Originated, More than Five Years before Current Fiscal YearNew loans to existing relationshipFinancing Receivable, Related Parties, New Loans To Existing RelationshipsFinancing Receivable, Related Parties, New Loans To Existing RelationshipsFRBFederal Reserve Bank Advances [Member]Common stock dividendsDividends, Common StockFair Value Hierarchy and NAV [Domain]Fair Value Hierarchy and NAV [Domain]Restricted equity securitiesInterest and Dividend Income, Restricted Equity SecuritiesInterest and Dividend Income, Restricted Equity SecuritiesICFR Auditor Attestation FlagICFR Auditor Attestation FlagHedging Designation [Axis]Hedging Designation [Axis]Premises and equipment, gross amountProperty, Plant and Equipment, GrossOperating leases liabilitiesRight-of-Use Asset Obtained in Exchange for Operating Lease LiabilityLess imputed interestLessee, Operating Lease, Liability, Undiscounted Excess AmountRepayment of FHLB advancesPayments of FHLBank Borrowings, Financing ActivitiesDiscount for Costs to SellDiscount for Costs to Sell [Member]Discount for Costs to Sell [Member]Employer contributionsDefined Benefit Plan, Plan Assets, Contributions by EmployerBalance at beginning of yearBalance at end of yearFinancing Receivable, Related PartiesFinancing Receivable, Related PartiesProvision (credit) for credit losses on loansProvision (Credit) For Credit LossesProvision (Credit) For Credit LossesPEO Actually Paid Compensation AmountPEO Actually Paid Compensation AmountDerivatives, Fair Value [Line Items]Derivatives, Fair Value [Line Items]Schedule of Income Tax ExpenseSchedule of Components of Income Tax Expense (Benefit) [Table Text Block]TotalFederal Home Loan Bank Advances Callable AmountRepresents the aggregate callable amount of all future maturities of Federal Home Loan Bank advances from the Balance Sheet date.After 3 years but within 4 yearsTime Deposits, Weighted Average Interest Rate, Maturities Year FourIndividually evaluated, allowance for loan and lease lossesFinancing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Losses, Individually Evaluated for ImpairmentLiability derivativesOffsetting Derivative Liabilities [Abstract]Changes in allowance for loan lossesFinancing Receivable, Excluding Accrued Interest, Allowance for Credit Loss [Roll Forward]Risk-based capital:Tier One Risk Based, Required For Fully Phased In Capital Adequacy Purposes Plus Capital Conservation Buffer To Average Assets [Abstract]Tier One Risk Based, Required for Fully Phased in Capital Adequacy Purposes plus Capital Conservation Buffer to Average Assets [Abstract]AmountAdvance from Federal Home Loan Bank, Fiscal Year Maturity [Abstract]GSE CMOsCollateralized Mortgage Obligations [Member]2026Lessee, Operating Lease, Liability, to be Paid, Year ThreeUnused letters of credit:Letter of Credit Facility Remaining Borrowing Capacity [Abstract]-- None. No documentation exists for this element. --TotalFinite-Lived Intangible Assets, NetPremises and EquipmentProperty, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]Accounting Standards Adopted in 2023, 2022 and 2021New Accounting Pronouncements, Policy [Policy Text Block]Effect of 1% increase on the accumulated postretirement benefit obligationDefined Benefit Plan, Effect of One-Percentage-Point Increase on Accumulated Postretirement Benefit ObligationAllowance for credit losses at acquisitionFinancing Receivable, Purchased with Credit Deterioration, Allowance for Credit Loss at Acquisition DateBankRIBank Rhode Island [Member]Represents the operating bank subsidiary which operates full service branches in Rhode IslandESOP shares committed to be releasedEmployee Stock Ownership Plan (ESOP), Compensation ExpenseWeighted Average Remaining Lease TermWeighted Average Remaining Lease Term [Abstract]Weighted Average Remaining Lease Term [Abstract]Internal Credit Assessment [Axis]Internal Credit Assessment [Axis]Derivatives designated as hedgesFair Value Hedges, NetIdentified intangible assets, accumulated amortizationAccumulated AmortizationFinite-Lived Intangible Assets, Accumulated Amortization2025Lessee, Operating Lease, Liability, to be Paid, Year TwoStock Price or TSR Estimation MethodStock Price or TSR Estimation Method [Text Block]Security Exchange NameSecurity Exchange NameSubordinated debenture maturing June 26, 2033Subordinated Debt, Mature June, 2033 [Member]This element represents domestic or foreign subordinated debt. Subordinated debt has a lower priority of repayment in liquidation of the entity's assets mature on June 26, 2033.Common equity Tier 1 capital ratioTier One Common Equity CapitalTier One Common Equity CapitalPercentage of securities in unrealized loss positions, available-for-sale securitiesDebt Securities, Available-For-Sale, Securities In Unrealized Loss Positions, As Percentage Of Amortized Cost Of SecuritiesDebt Securities Available for sale Securities In Unrealized Loss Positions As Percentage Of Amortized Cost Of SecuritiesAccumulated other comprehensive (loss) incomeAccumulated other comprehensive lossAccumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss), Net of TaxVesting percentageShare-Based Compensation Arrangement by Share-Based Payment Award, Award Vesting Rights, PercentageOther comprehensive income (loss)Other Comprehensive Income (Loss), before Reclassifications, Net of TaxEmployee Stock OptionEmployee Stock Option [Member]Derivatives and Hedging ActivitiesDerivative Instruments and Hedging Activities Disclosure [Text Block]Restricted Equity SecuritiesRestricted Assets Disclosure [Text Block]Employee Stock Ownership Plan (ESOP) Name [Axis]Employee Stock Ownership Plan (ESOP) Name [Axis]Investment SecuritiesInvestment, Policy [Policy Text Block]Total (as a percent)Banking Regulation, Total Risk-Based Capital Ratio, Well Capitalized, MinimumCommercial and similar letters of creditLetter of Credit Facility Remaining Borrowing Capacity for Commercial Letters of CreditAmount of borrowing capacity currently available under the commercial and similar letters of credit facility (current borrowing capacity less the amount of borrowings outstanding).61-90 Days Past DueFinancial Asset, 61 to 90 Days Past Due [Member]Financial Asset, 61 to 90 Days Past DueDefinite LossUnlikely to be Collected Financing Receivable [Member](Accretion) amortization of acquisition fair value adjustments, net(Accretion) Amortization of Acquisition Fair Value Adjustment CostsThis element represents the net amortization (accretion) of the adjustments to acquisition fair value. As noncash item, this element is an adjustment to net income when calculating cash provided by (used in) operations using the indirect method.Individually evaluated, loans and leasesFinancing Receivable, Individually Evaluated for ImpairmentMaximumMaximum [Member]Deferred compensationDeferred Tax Assets, Tax Deferred Expense, Compensation and Benefits, Employee CompensationUnrecognized compensation costShare-Based Payment Arrangement, Nonvested Award, Cost Not yet Recognized, AmountShort-term investmentsTotal short-term investmentsCash Equivalents, at Carrying ValueDocument TypeDocument TypeCommitted line of creditCommitted Line Of Credit [Member]Committed Line Of Credit [Member]CommercialCommercial Loan [Member]AdditionsGoodwill, Acquired During PeriodTabular List, TableTabular List [Table Text Block]Transfer of Financial AssetsTransfer of Financial Assets [Policy Text Block]Disclosure of accounting policy for transfer of financial assets, including securitization transactions as well as repurchase and resale agreements. This disclosure may include how the entity (1) determines whether a transaction is accounted for as a sale; (2) accounts for a sale transaction, including the initial and subsequent accounting for any interests that the entity obtains or continues to hold in the transaction, how such interests are valued, and the significant assumptions used in the valuation; (3) accounts for a transaction that does not qualify for sale treatment (that is, a financing).Repurchase agreementsRepurchase Agreements [Member]Treasury stock, repurchase sharesTreasury Stock, Value, Acquired, Cost MethodRight-of-use assets obtained in exchange for new lease obligations:Right-Of-Use Asset Obtained In Exchange For Lease Liability [Abstract]Right-Of-Use Asset Obtained In Exchange For Lease Liability [Abstract]Estimated fair value of debt securities have right to call or prepay the obligations, scheduled maturities of after one year through five yearsCallable Securities Debt, Maturities After One, Through Five Years, Fair ValueThis item represents the fair value of debt securities that have right to call or prepay the obligation which are expected to mature after one year and through five years from the balance sheet date and which are categorized neither as held-to-maturity nor trading securities.FederalCurrent Federal Tax Expense (Benefit)Basis of Financial Statement PresentationBasis of Accounting, Policy [Policy Text Block]Purchases of investment securities available-for-salePayments to acquired AFS debt securitiesPayments to Acquire Debt Securities, Available-for-SaleBusiness Acquisition [Axis]Business Acquisition [Axis]Net cash surrender valueCash Surrender Value of Life InsuranceSchedule of Information Regarding Troubled Debt Restructuring LoansFinancing Receivable, Modified [Table Text Block]Uncommitted line of creditUncommitted Line Of Credit [Member]Uncommitted Line Of CreditStateDeferred State and Local Income Tax Expense (Benefit)Variable Rate [Axis]Variable Rate [Axis]Loan level derivative income, netGains (Losses) on Sales of Investment Real EstateLoan level derivativesLoan Level Derivative [Member]Loan Level Derivative [Member]FHLB stockInvestment in Federal Home Loan Bank Stock [Member]Non-interest income, feesRevenue from Contract with Customer, Including Assessed TaxExpenses:Costs and Expenses [Abstract]Title of 12(b) SecurityTitle of 12(b) SecurityOther liabilitiesBusiness Combination, Recognized Identifiable Assets Acquired and Liabilities Assumed, Noncurrent Liabilities, OtherMinimum employee age required to participate in the plan (in years)Defined Contribution Plan Eligibility, Minimum AgeRepresents the age of an employee at which the plan will be applicable.LIBORLondon Interbank Offered Rate (LIBOR) 1 [Member]London Interbank Offered Rate (LIBOR) 1Amortized CostDebt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Amortized Cost, Excluding Accrued Interest, after Allowance for Credit LossAfter 1 year but within 2 yearsTime Deposit Maturities, Year TwoActuarial (gain) lossDefined benefit plan, benefit obligation, actuarial gain (loss)Defined Benefit Plan, Benefit Obligation, Actuarial Gain (Loss)Nonaccrual interestDeferred Tax Assets, Non Accrual Interest and Partial Write Down on LoansThe tax effect as of the balance sheet date of the amount of the estimated future tax deductions attributable to nonaccrual interest and partial write downs on loans which can only be deducted for tax purposes when actual costs are known, and which can only be realized if sufficient tax-basis income is generated in future periods to enable the deduction to be taken.Related Party [Domain]Related Party, Type [Domain]AcquisitionsBusiness Combination Disclosure [Text Block]Defined Benefit Plans and Other Postretirement Benefit Plans Table Text Block [Line Items]Defined Benefit Plans and Other Postretirement Benefit Plans Table Text Block [Line Items]Tier 1 (as a percent)Banking Regulation, Tier 1 Risk-Based Capital Ratio, Well Capitalized, MinimumTreasury StockStockholders' Equity, Policy [Policy Text Block]Commercial loans and leasesCommercialCommercial Portfolio Segment [Member]Indefinite-lived intangible assetsIndefinite-Lived Intangible Assets (Excluding Goodwill)Aggregate Erroneous Compensation Not Yet DeterminedAggregate Erroneous Compensation Not Yet Determined [Text Block]Outstanding at beginning of year (in dollars per share)Outstanding at end of year (in dollars per share)Share-Based Compensation Arrangement by Share-Based Payment Award, Equity Instruments Other than Options, Nonvested, Weighted Average Grant Date Fair ValueIncome Tax Disclosure [Abstract]Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]Demand checking accountsDemand Deposit Accounts Weighted Average RateThe weighted average interest rate for demand deposit liabilities, excluding brokered deposits.Fair value of liabilities assumedLiabilities AssumedForgone Recovery due to Expense of Enforcement, AmountForgone Recovery due to Expense of Enforcement, AmountHealth Insurance Postretirement BenefitPostretirement Health Coverage [Member]Over 2 years to 3 yearsFederal Home Loan Bank, Advance, Maturity, Year ThreeEntity Tax Identification NumberEntity Tax Identification NumberRisk participation-out agreementsRisk Participation-out Agreement [Member]Risk Participation-out Agreement [Member]Two Customer RelationshipsTwo Customer Relationships [Member]Two Customer RelationshipsTotal rental expense, netLease, CostStatistical Measurement [Axis]Statistical Measurement [Axis]Entity Interactive Data CurrentEntity Interactive Data CurrentGreater Than 90 DaysFinancing Receivables, Greater than 90 Days Past Due [Member]Financing Receivables, Greater than 90 Days Past Due [Member]Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale [Table]Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale [Table]Percent of shares in trancheShare-Based Compensation Arrangement By Share-Based Payment Award, Percent Of Awards In TrancheShare-Based Compensation Arrangement By Share-Based Payment Award, Percent Of Awards In TrancheGoodwill and Other Identified Intangible AssetsGoodwill and Intangible Assets, Policy [Policy Text Block]Entity Well-known Seasoned IssuerEntity Well-known Seasoned IssuerOn accrualFinancing Receivable, Modifications, Excluding Accrued Interest, Recorded Investment, On AccrualFinancing Receivable, Modifications, Excluding Accrued Interest, Recorded Investment, On AccrualCallable AmountFederal Home Loan Bank Advances Callable Amount Maturities Summary [Abstract]-- None. No documentation exists for this element. --Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]Share-Based Compensation Arrangement by Share-Based Payment Award [Line Items]Measure:Measure [Axis]Commitments and Contingencies Disclosure [Abstract]NameOutstanding Recovery, Individual NameIdentified intangible assets and goodwillDeferred Tax Liabilities, Goodwill and Intangible AssetsYear threeFinancing Receivable, Excluding Accrued Interest, Year Three, Originated, Two Years before Current Fiscal Year, WriteoffEntity Incorporation, State or Country CodeEntity Incorporation, State or Country CodeChanges in postretirement benefit obligation recognized in other comprehensive income:Other Comprehensive (Income) Loss, Defined Benefit Plan, after Reclassification Adjustment, before Tax [Abstract]Multi-family mortgageCommercial Real Estate Multi Family Receivable [Member]Class of financing receivables related to commercial real estate that is for multi-family purposes.Total non-interest incomeNoninterest IncomeSchedule of Components of Deferred Tax Assets and LiabilitiesSchedule of Deferred Tax Assets and Liabilities [Table Text Block]DerivativesDerivatives, Policy [Policy Text Block]2024Finite-Lived Intangible Asset, Expected Amortization, Year OneEquity compensation plans approved by security holdersEquity Compensation Approved Plan [Member]Equity Compensation Approved PlanOperating cash flows for operating leasesOperating Lease, PaymentsInternal Credit Assessment [Domain]Internal Credit Assessment [Domain]Net unrealized securities holding gains (losses)OCI, Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Gain (Loss), after Adjustment and TaxIncome tax expenseIncome Tax Expense (Benefit), Continuing Operations [Abstract]Other Areas of the United StatesOther Areas of The United States, Excluding Greater New York and New Jersey Metropolitan [Member]Other Areas of The United States, Excluding Greater New York and New Jersey MetropolitanInterest costDefined Benefit Plan, Interest Cost5+ YearsTime Deposit Maturities, after Year FivePEOPEO [Member]Auditor LocationAuditor LocationDefined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]Change in plan assets:Defined Benefit Plan, Change in Fair Value of Plan Assets [Roll Forward]Other operating activities, netOther Operating Activities, Cash Flow StatementDirectors, executive officers and their affiliatesManagement [Member]Loan commitmentsLoan Commitments [Line Items]Line items represent financial concepts included in a table. These concepts are used to disclose reportable information associated with domain members defined in one or many axes to the table.Mortgagors' escrow accountsAdvance Payments by Borrowers for Taxes and InsuranceDecrease in agreement amountDebt Instrument, Increase (Decrease), NetState taxes, net of federal income tax benefitEffective Income Tax Rate Reconciliation, State and Local Income Taxes, AmountAllowance for credit losses on PCD loansAllowance for credit losses on PCD loansBusiness Combination, Recognized Identifiable Assets Acquired and Liabilities Assumed, Allowance for Credit Losses on PCD LoansBusiness Combination, Recognized Identifiable Assets Acquired and Liabilities Assumed, Allowance for Credit Losses on PCD LoansCommon stock, par value (in dollars per share)Common Stock, Par or Stated Value Per ShareNet cash (used for) provided from investing activitiesNet Cash Provided by (Used in) Investing ActivitiesTotal risk-based capital ratioTotal Risk Based Capital Ratio Required For Fully Phased In Capital Adequacy Purposes Plus Capital Conservation BufferTotal Risk Based Capital Ratio Required For Fully Phased In Capital Adequacy Purposes Plus Capital Conservation BufferReclassification adjustment for (income) expense recognized in earningsGain (loss) on change in fair value of cash flow hedgesOther Comprehensive Income (Loss), Cash Flow Hedge, Gain (Loss), Reclassification, before TaxNumber of investmentsNumber Of InvestmentsNumber Of InvestmentsInterest-bearing deposits:Interest-Bearing Deposit Liabilities, by Component [Abstract]Interest rate swaps on loansInterest Rate Swap [Member]Impaired Loans and LeasesFinancing Receivable, Impaired [Line Items]Professional servicesProfessional FeesDebt Instrument [Axis]Debt Instrument [Axis]Number of securities in unrealized loss positionsDebt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Unrealized Loss Position, Number of PositionsOutstanding Aggregate Erroneous Compensation AmountOutstanding Aggregate Erroneous Compensation AmountTier 1 leverage capital ratio (as a percent)Banking Regulation, Tier 1 Leverage Capital Ratio, Well Capitalized, MinimumMeasurement Input Type [Domain]Measurement Input Type [Domain]Number of participants in supplemental executive retirement plansNumber Of Participants In Supplemental Executive Retirement PlansNumber Of Participants In Supplemental Executive Retirement PlansLiabilities, Gross Amounts Not Offset in the Statement of Financial Position, Financial Instruments PledgedDerivative Liability, Subject to Master Netting Arrangement, Collateral, Right to Reclaim Security Not OffsetIncome tax (expense) benefitOther Comprehensive Income (Loss), Cash Flow Hedge, Gain (Loss), after Reclassification, TaxTotal liabilitiesLiabilitiesTotal current provisionCurrent Income Tax Expense (Benefit)Loans subsequently reclassified as investmentsBusiness Combination, Recognized Identifiable Assets Acquired and Liabilities Assumed, Loans Subsequently Reclassified As InvestmentsBusiness Combination, Recognized Identifiable Assets Acquired and Liabilities Assumed, Loans Subsequently Reclassified As InvestmentsCommon equity Tier 1 capital ratio, Minimum Required to be Considered Well-Capitalized, Ratio (as a percent)Tier One Common Equity Capital Required To Be Well Capitalized To Average AssetsTier One Common Equity Capital Required To Be Well Capitalized To Average AssetsThreshold for disclosure of time deposit issued amountsTime Deposits Threshold for Disclosure of Issued AmountsRepresents the threshold for disclosure of time deposit issued amounts.Gain (loss) reclassified from OCI into interest income or interest expense (effective portion)Gain (Loss) Reclassified From OCI Into Interest Income or Interest Expense, Effective PortionGain (Loss) Reclassified From OCI Into Interest Income or Interest Expense, Effective PortionDeferred Costs, Capitalized, Prepaid, and Other Assets Disclosure [Abstract]Deferred Costs, Capitalized, Prepaid, and Other Assets Disclosure [Abstract]Debt Instrument, Interest Rate, Period [Domain]Debt Instrument, Interest Rate, Period [Domain][Domain] for Debt Instrument, Interest Rate, Period [Axis]AFS, debt securities, unrealized loss positionTotal, estimated fair valueDebt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Unrealized Loss PositionTransfer from loans to other real estate owned and other repossessed assetsReal Estate Owned, Transfer from Real Estate OwnedMeasurement Frequency [Domain]Measurement Frequency [Domain]Commercial real estateCommercial Real Estate Mortgage [Member]Class of financing receivables related to commercial real estate mortgage receivables.Premises and EquipmentProperty, Plant and Equipment Disclosure [Text Block]Provision for other credit lossesProvision for Other Credit LossesClass of Financing Receivable [Axis]Class of Financing Receivable [Axis]Non-Rule 10b5-1 Arrangement AdoptedNon-Rule 10b5-1 Arrangement Adopted [Flag]Effect of 1% decrease on total service and interest cost components of net periodic postretirement benefit costsDefined Benefit Plan, Effect of One-Percentage-Point Decrease on Service and Interest Cost ComponentsOTS requirementsOTS Requirements [Abstract]-- None. No documentation exists for this element. --Tier 1 leverage capital ratioTier One Leverage Capital Required For Fully Phased In Capital Adequacy Purposes Plus Capital Conservation BufferTier One Leverage Capital Required For Fully Phased In Capital Adequacy Purposes Plus Capital Conservation BufferProperty, Plant and Equipment, Type [Domain]Long-Lived Tangible Asset [Domain]Fair Values Derivatives, Balance Sheet Location, by Derivative Contract Type [Table]Fair Values Derivatives, Balance Sheet Location, by Derivative Contract Type [Table]BostonBoston [Member]BostonBrokered deposit accountsTime Deposits Weighted Average Interest Rate Maturities Brokered Deposit AccountsTime Deposits Weighted Average Interest Rate Maturities Brokered Deposit AccountsLess than twelve months, estimated fair valueDebt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Continuous Unrealized Loss Position, Less than 12 MonthsOver 5 yearsFederal Home Loan Bank, Advance, Maturity, after Year FiveLoans and leasesInterest and Fee Income, Loans and LeasesWeighted average rate at end of yearShort-Term Debt, Weighted Average Interest Rate, at Point in TimeNon-interest expense:Noninterest Expense [Abstract]Consumer loansConsumerConsumer Portfolio Segment [Member]Awards Close in Time to MNPI Disclosures, TableAwards Close in Time to MNPI Disclosures [Table Text Block]StateCurrent State and Local Tax Expense (Benefit)Segment ReportingSegment Reporting, Policy [Policy Text Block]Schedule of Information Concerning Other Borrowed FundsSchedule of Short-Term Debt [Table Text Block]Deposit feesDeposit Account [Member]Investment in subsidiaries, at equityInvestments in and Advance to Affiliates, Subsidiaries, Associates, and Joint VenturesRecoveriesPaid OffFinancing Receivable, Excluding Accrued Interest, Allowance for Credit Loss, RecoveryNet periodic benefit expense cost (credit)Net periodic benefit expenseDefined Benefit Plan, Net Periodic Benefit Cost (Credit)Write-down of OREO and other repossessed assetsAsset Impairment ChargesSavings accountsDeposits, Savings DepositsGSE MBSsMortgage-Backed Securities, Issued by US Government Sponsored Enterprises [Member]Supplemental disclosure of cash flow information:Supplemental Cash Flow Information [Abstract]Outstanding borrowingsSecurity Borrowed, Subject to Master Netting Arrangement, Collateral, Obligation to Return Security Not OffsetSchedule of Recorded Investments by Credit Quality Indicator, By Loan ClassFinancing Receivable Credit Quality Indicators [Table Text Block]Company contribution as percentage of compensation of eligible employeesDefined Contribution Plan Employer Contribution as Percentage of Eligible CompensationRepresents employer's contribution to defined contribution plan, as a percentage of compensation of eligible employees.Charge-offsCharged OffTotalFinancing Receivable, Excluding Accrued Interest, Allowance for Credit Loss, WriteoffDividend income from subsidiariesInvestment Income, DividendEarnings per Common ShareEarnings Per Share, Policy [Policy Text Block]Goodwill and Other Intangible AssetsGoodwill and Intangible Assets Disclosure [Text Block]Number of shares repurchased (in shares)Stock Repurchased During Period, SharesUpCounty Realty CorpUpCounty Realty Corp [Member]UpCounty Realty CorpDebt securities, available-for-sale, termDebt Securities, Available-for-Sale, TermCurrent provision:Current Income Tax Expense (Benefit), Continuing Operations [Abstract]Schedule of Changes in Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) by Component, Net of TaxSchedule of Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) [Table Text Block]Granted (in dollars per share)Share-Based Compensation Arrangement by Share-Based Payment Award, Equity Instruments Other than Options, Grants in Period, Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value2028Finite-Lived Intangible Asset, Expected Amortization, Year FiveGSE debenturesUS treasury and governmentUS Treasury and Government [Member]Employee Stock Ownership Plan (ESOP), Plan [Domain]Employee Stock Ownership Plan (ESOP), Plan [Domain]Core processing system and softwareCore Processing System and Software [Member]Core Processing System and Software [Member]Number of share-based compensation plansShare-Based Compensation Arrangement By Share-Based Payment Award, Number Of Active PlansShare-Based Compensation Arrangement By Share-Based Payment Award, Number Of Active PlansNet cash provided from operating activitiesNet Cash Provided by (Used in) Operating ActivitiesSchedule of Estimated Aggregate Future Amortization Expense for Intangible AssetsSchedule of Finite-Lived Intangible Assets, Future Amortization Expense [Table Text Block]Collectively evaluated, loans and leasesFinancing Receivable, Collectively Evaluated for ImpairmentErroneously Awarded Compensation RecoveryErroneously Awarded Compensation Recovery [Table]Provision (credit) for PCD loan and lease losses excluding unfunded commitmentsFinancing Receivable, Excluding Accrued Interest, Purchased with Credit Deterioration, Allowance for Credit Loss at Acquisition DatePrior service creditDefined Benefit Plan, Amortization of Prior Service Cost (Credit)Number of Securities Remaining Available for Future Issuance (Excluding Securities in Column (a)) (in shares)Class of Warrant or Right, UnissuedDepreciation and amortizationDepreciation, Depletion and AmortizationCompliance with Regulatory Capital Requirements under Banking Regulations [Line Items]Compliance with Regulatory Capital Requirements under Banking Regulations [Line Items]Award Timing, How MNPI ConsideredAward Timing, How MNPI Considered [Text Block]Financing Receivable, Troubled Debt Restructuring [Table]Financing Receivable, Modified [Table]Business Combination and Asset Acquisition [Abstract]Gross gains from salesGross gains from salesDebt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Realized GainDebt securities, unrealized gain (loss)Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Accumulated Gross Unrealized Gain (Loss), before TaxMaturities, calls, and paydownsFair Value, Measurement with Unobservable Inputs Reconciliation, Recurring Basis, Asset, SettlementsSchedule of Share-based Compensation Arrangements by Share-based Payment Award [Table]Schedule of Share-Based Compensation Arrangements by Share-Based Payment Award [Table]Derivative, Gain (Loss), Statement of Income or Comprehensive Income [Extensible Enumeration]Derivative, Gain (Loss), Statement of Income or Comprehensive Income [Extensible Enumeration]Aggregate reservesRestricted Cash and Cash EquivalentsAdvertising and marketingMarketing and Advertising ExpenseFinancing Receivable Portfolio Segment [Axis]Financing Receivable Portfolio Segment [Axis]Net Change in Fair Value of Cash Flow HedgesAccumulated Gain (Loss), Net, Cash Flow Hedge, Parent [Member]Investment in affordable housing tax benefitsIncome Tax Credits and Adjustments600 and belowCredit Score Equal to or below 660 [Member]Represents the credit score less than or equal to 660, which is provided by credit bureau score card model and is used in the underwriting process.FRB stockFederal Reserve Bank Stock [Member]Represents an equity interest in the Federal Reserve Bank stock. It does not have a readily determinable fair value because its ownership is restricted and it lacks a market (liquidity).Schedule of Statements of Cash FlowsCondensed Cash Flow Statement [Table Text Block]Purchase of restricted equity securitiesPayments to Acquire Restricted InvestmentsIncrease (decrease) in general portion of the allowance for loan and lease lossesGeneral Allowance For Loan And Lease Losses Period Increase (Decrease)General Allowance For Loan And Lease Losses Period Increase (Decrease)Subordinated Debentures Maturing June 26, 2033, March 17, 2034 and September 15, 2029Subordinated Debentures Maturing June 26, 2033, March 17, 2034 and September 15, 2029 [Member]Subordinated Debentures Maturing June 26, 2033, March 17, 2034 and September 15, 2029 [Member]Property, Plant and Equipment by Type [Axis]Long-Lived Tangible Asset [Axis]Preferred stock issued (in shares)Preferred Stock, Shares IssuedTier 1 leverage capital ratio (as a percent)Tier One Leverage Capital Required For Fully Phased In Capital Adequacy Purposes Plus Capital Conservation Buffer To Average AssetsTier One Leverage Capital Required For Fully Phased In Capital Adequacy Purposes Plus Capital Conservation Buffer To Average AssetsTotal liabilities assumedBusiness Combination, Recognized Identifiable Assets Acquired and Liabilities Assumed, LiabilitiesOther AssetsOther Assets Disclosure [Text Block]Entity Emerging Growth CompanyEntity Emerging Growth CompanyImpairment of restricted securitiesImpairment Of Restricted InvestmentsImpairment Of Restricted InvestmentsEstimated Fair ValueDebt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Fair Value, Fiscal Year Maturity [Abstract]Identified intangible assets, net of accumulated amortization of $47,963 and $40,123, respectivelyCarrying AmountIntangible Assets, Net (Excluding Goodwill)Total gross deferred tax assetsDeferred Tax Assets, GrossAmount recognized as income tax benefitAffordable Housing Tax Credits and Other Tax Benefits, AmountCertificate of deposit accountsInterest Expense, Time DepositsAfter 4 years but within 5 yearsTime Deposits, Weighted Average Interest Rate, Maturities Year FiveParent CompanyParent Company [Member]DepositsDeposit Liabilities Disclosures [Text Block]Changes in generic pricing of securities period two, considered for analyzing changes in prices obtained from pricing service (in years)Changes In Generic Pricing Of Securities Period Two Considered For Analyzing Changes In Prices Obtained From Pricing ServiceChanges In Generic Pricing Of Securities Period Two Considered For Analyzing Changes In Prices Obtained From Pricing Service2024Lessee, Operating Lease, Liability, to be Paid, Year OnePay vs Performance Disclosure, TablePay vs Performance [Table Text Block]Agency mortgage-backed securities ("MBS"), Agency collateralized mortgage obligations ("CMOs"), corporate and municipal securitiesAgency Mortgage Backed Securities, Agency Collateralized Mortgage Obligations, Corporate and Municipal Securities [Member]Agency Mortgage Backed Securities, Agency Collateralized Mortgage Obligations, Corporate and Municipal SecuritiesTitleTrading Arrangement, Individual TitleNet interest income after provision for credit lossesInterest Income (Expense), after Provision for Loan LossPosition [Domain]Position [Domain]Common StockCommon Stock [Member]Total unpaid principal balanceFinancing Receivable, Purchased with Credit Deterioration, Amount at Par ValueNumber of 401(k) plans administeredNumber Of Defined Contribution Plans AdministeredRepresents the number of defined contribution plan administered by the entity during the period.Individual:Individual [Axis]Schedule of Compliance with Regulatory Capital Requirements under Banking Regulations [Table]Schedule of Compliance with Regulatory Capital Requirements under Banking Regulations [Table]Entity Address, Postal Zip CodeEntity Address, Postal Zip CodeIncome Statement Location [Domain]Income Statement Location [Domain]Percentage of shares convertedBusiness Combination, Transferred Consideration, Issued and Issuable Equity Interests, Percentage of Shares ConvertedBusiness Combination, Transferred Consideration, Issued and Issuable Equity Interests, Percentage of Shares ConvertedValuation Technique, Discounted Cash FlowValuation Technique, Discounted Cash Flow [Member]Acquisition fair value adjustmentsDeferred Tax Asset, Acquisition Fair Value AdjustmentsDeferred Tax Asset, Acquisition Fair Value AdjustmentsTax-exempt interest incomeEffective Income Tax Rate Reconciliation, Tax Exempt Income, AmountFinancing Receivable by Credit Score [Domain]Financing Receivable by Credit Score [Domain]Financing Receivable by Credit Score DomainFRB borrowingsFederal Reserve Bank Borrowings [Member]Federal Reserve Bank BorrowingsMinimumMinimum [Member]Weighted average common shares outstanding during the year:Weighted Average Number of Shares Outstanding, Diluted [Abstract]Premises and equipment, net of accumulated depreciation of $100,408 and $92,219, respectivelyTotal premises and equipmentPremises and equipment, netProperty, Plant and Equipment, NetCondensed Balance Sheet Statement [Table]Condensed Balance Sheet Statement [Table]Weighted Average Rate of Certificate of deposit accounts maturing:Weighted Average Rate of Time Deposits [Abstract]Number of policies ownedNumber Of Policies OwnedRepresents the number of policies owned by the entity.Dividends per share (in dollars per share)Common Stock, Dividends, Per Share, Cash PaidOther comprehensive gain (loss), net of taxesOther comprehensive income (loss)Other Comprehensive Income (Loss), Net of TaxStatement of Cash Flows [Abstract]Statement of Cash Flows [Abstract]Below age 65Below 65 Age [Member]Represents entity's defined benefits pension or other postretirement plans by participants below age 65.Benefit obligation at beginning of yearBenefit obligation at end of yearDefined Benefit Plan, Benefit ObligationASSETSASSETSAssets [Abstract]Award Timing MNPI DisclosureAward Timing MNPI Disclosure [Text Block]Over 10 yearsDebt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Fair Value, Maturity, Allocated and Single Maturity Date, after Year 10Schedule of Impaired Financing Receivable [Table]Schedule of Impaired Financing Receivable [Table]Payment of income taxes for shares withheld in share based activityPayment, Tax Withholding, Share-Based Payment ArrangementOtherDeferred Tax Assets, OtherLIABILITIESLiabilities [Abstract]U.S. treasury bondsUS Treasury Securities [Member]Net cash provided from (used for) financing activitiesNet Cash Provided by (Used in) Financing ActivitiesDeferred tax assetDeferred tax assetDeferred Income Tax Assets, NetRetirement Plan Type [Axis]Retirement Plan Type [Axis]Common stock paid for each share of common stock ownedBusiness Combination, Consideration Transferred, Equity Interests Issued and Issuable, Entity Shares Issued Per Acquiree ShareBusiness Combination, Consideration Transferred, Equity Interests Issued and Issuable, Entity Shares Issued Per Acquiree ShareLessee, Lease, Description [Line Items]Lessee, Lease, Description [Line Items]Retained EarningsRetained Earnings [Member]Unadvanced portion of loans and leasesCommitments to Unadvanced Portion of LoansThe outstanding commitments to unadvanced portion of loans as of the balance sheet date.BOLI, as percentage of capital plus reserves, maximum, aggregate (as a percent)Bank Owned Life Insurance Maximum As Percentage Of Capital Plus ReservesRepresents the maximum bank owned life insurance as a percentage of aggregate of capital and reserves.Adjustment to Non-PEO NEO Compensation FootnoteAdjustment to Non-PEO NEO Compensation Footnote [Text Block]Total depositsWeighted Average Rate DepositsRepresents the weighted average interest rate on all deposits of the entity.Net change in fair value of cash flow hedgesOther Comprehensive Income (Loss), Cash Flow Hedge, Gain (Loss), after Reclassification and TaxBasic (in dollars per share)Basic, EPS (in dollars per share)Earnings Per Share, BasicDebt securitiesInterest Income, Debt SecuritiesInterest income on debt securities held either as an available-for-sale or held-to-maturity securities.Common equity Tier 1 capital ratio, Minimum Required to be Considered Well-Capitalized, AmountTier One Common Equity Capital Required To Be Well CapitalizedTier One Common Equity Capital Required To Be Well Capitalized(Accretion) amortization of premiums and discounts and deferred loan and lease origination costs, netAccretion (Amortization) of Discounts and Premiums, Investments And Deferred Loan And Lease Origination Costs, NetAccretion (Amortization) of Discounts and Premiums, Investments And Deferred Loan And Lease Origination Costs, NetOver 2 years to 3 yearsFederal Home Loan Bank Advances Callable Amount from Two to Three Years of Balance Sheet DateRepresents the amount of Federal Home Loan Bank advances outstanding which are callable from two to three years of the Balance Sheet date.Affordable housing projectAffordable Housing Project [Member]Represents investment made in affordable housing project made by the entity.Erroneous Compensation AnalysisErroneous Compensation Analysis [Text Block]Fair value of plan assets at beginning of yearFair value of plan assets at end of yearDefined Benefit Plan, Plan Assets, AmountNet deferred tax assetDeferred Tax Assets, NetNumber of Securities to Be Issued Upon Exercise of Outstanding Options, Warrants, and rights (in shares)Class of Warrant or Right, Number of Securities Called by Warrants or RightsProvision (credit) for credit lossesProvision (credit) for credit losses on loansProvision (credit) for credit losses on loansProvision for Loan, Lease, and Other LossesSchedule of Investment Securities in a Continuous Unrealized Loss PositionDebt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Unrealized Loss Position, Fair Value [Table Text Block]Total (as a percent)Banking Regulation, Total Risk-Based Capital Ratio, ActualCompensation under recognition and retention plansRestricted Stock or Unit ExpenseEstimated benefits paidDefined Benefit Plan, Benefit Obligation, Benefits PaidInvestment securities available-for-saleAvailable-for-Sale Securities [Member]Income taxesIncome Taxes PaidConsolidationConsolidation, Policy [Policy Text Block]Tier 1Banking Regulation, Tier 1 Risk-Based Capital, Well Capitalized, MinimumTwelve months or longer, unrealized lossesAvailable-For-Sale And Held-To-Maturity Securities, Continuous Unrealized Loss Position, 12 Months Or Longer, Accumulated LossAvailable-For-Sale And Held-To-Maturity Securities, Continuous Unrealized Loss Position, 12 Months Or Longer, Accumulated LossCash flows from investing activities:Net Cash Provided by (Used in) Investing Activities, Continuing Operations [Abstract]Document Transition ReportDocument Transition ReportAward Timing PredeterminedAward Timing Predetermined [Flag]Net (repayments)/additional drawalsFinancing Receivable, Related Parties, (Repayments) Additional Withdrawals, NetFinancing Receivable, Related Parties, (Repayments) Additional Withdrawals, NetSchedule of Business Acquisitions, by Acquisition [Table]Schedule of Business Acquisitions, by Acquisition [Table]LoansBusiness Combination, Recognized Identifiable Assets Acquired and Liabilities Assumed, LoansBusiness Combination, Recognized Identifiable Assets Acquired and Liabilities Assumed, LoansIncome tax (expense) benefitOther Comprehensive Income (Loss), Cash Flow Hedge, Gain (Loss), Reclassification, TaxYear FiveFinancing Receivable, Excluding Accrued Interest, Year Five, Originated, Four Years before Current Fiscal YearAvailable-for-sale, qualitative disclosure, number of positionsDebt Securities, Available-For-Sale, Qualitative Disclosure, Number Of PositionsDebt Securities Available-For-Sale, Qualitative Disclosure, Number Of PositionsEntity Public FloatEntity Public FloatFair value of assets and liabilitiesFair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]Non-cash investing activities:Other Noncash Investing and Financing Items [Abstract]Proceeds from FHLB advancesProceeds from FHLBank Borrowings, Financing ActivitiesResidential mortgageResidential mortgageResidential Mortgage [Member]Over 5 yearsFederal Home Loan Bank, Advance, Maturity, Average Interest Rate, after Year FiveAdvances from the FHLBFederal Home Loan Bank Advances [Member]Property, Plant and Equipment [Abstract]Property, Plant and Equipment [Abstract]Derivative Instrument [Axis]Derivative Instrument [Axis]Asset Pledged as Collateral with RightAsset Pledged as Collateral with Right [Member]Assumed health care trend rates used in 2019 through 2023, high end of range (as a percent)Defined Benefit Plan, Health Care Cost Trend Rate Assumed, High End Of RangeThe high end of the range of assumed health care cost trend rate used to measure the expected cost of benefits covered by the plan (gross eligible charges) till the year the ultimate health care cost trend rate is expected to be reached.All Trading ArrangementsAll Trading Arrangements [Member]Over 1 year to 2 yearsFederal Home Loan Bank, Advance, Maturity, Year TwoSubstandardSubstandard [Member]Within 1 yearDebt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Amortized Cost, Maturity, Allocated and Single Maturity Date, Year OneAll Adjustments to CompensationAll Adjustments to Compensation [Member]Gain (loss) on investment securities, net(Gain) loss on investment securities, netGain on securities, netMarketable Security, Realized Gain (Loss)Compensation AmountOutstanding Recovery Compensation AmountSpecific Allowance for Loan and Lease LossesFinancing Receivable Modifications Allowance for Credit LossesRepresents the amount of allowance for credit losses related to receivables that are identified as troubled debt restructurings.Depreciation of premises and equipmentDepreciation and Amortization of Bank Premises and EquipmentThe amount of expense charged against earnings in the period to allocate the cost, net of salvage value, of premises and equipment over their remaining estimated productive lives and includes the amortization of leasehold property.Risk participation-in agreementsRisk Participation-in Agreement [Member]Risk Participation-in Agreement [Member]Related party depositsRelated Party Deposit LiabilitiesProceeds from sales of loans and leases held-for-investment, netProceeds from Sale, Loan, Held-for-InvestmentAssets, Net Amounts Presented in the Statement of Financial PositionDerivative AssetForfeited / Canceled (in dollars per share)Share-Based Compensation Arrangement by Share-Based Payment Award, Equity Instruments Other than Options, Forfeitures, Weighted Average Grant Date Fair ValueTotal deferred provision (benefit)Deferred Income Tax Expense (Benefit)Twelve months or longer, estimated fair valueAvailable-For-Sale And Held-To-Maturity Securities, Continuous Unrealized Loss Position, Twelve Months Or Longer, Fair ValueAvailable-For-Sale And Held-To-Maturity Securities, Continuous Unrealized Loss Position, Twelve Months Or Longer, Fair ValueStatement of Comprehensive Income [Abstract]Statement of Comprehensive Income [Abstract]Specific reserves for loan and lease losses period increase (decrease)Specific Reserves For Loan And Lease Losses Period Increase (Decrease)Specific Reserves For Loan And Lease Losses Period Increase (Decrease)Greater New York and New Jersey Metropolitan AreaGreater New York and New Jersey Metropolitan Area [Member]Greater New York and New Jersey Metropolitan AreaAverage MaturityDerivative, Average Remaining MaturityDocument Financial Statement Error CorrectionDocument Financial Statement Error Correction [Flag]Notional Amount Maturing, Less than 2 yearsDerivative, Notional Amount Maturing In Two YearsDerivative, Notional Amount Maturing In Two YearsForfeited / Canceled (in shares)Share-Based Compensation Arrangement by Share-Based Payment Award, Equity Instruments Other than Options, Forfeited in PeriodDeposits:Deposits [Abstract]Deposits [Abstract]Accumulated benefit obligation at end of yearDefined Benefit Plan, Accumulated Benefit ObligationSchedule of Carrying Value of Assets and Liabilities Measured at Fair Value on Recurring and Non-recurring BasisFair Value, Assets Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Table Text Block]Defined Benefit Plans and Other Postretirement Benefit Plans Disclosures [Table]Defined Benefit Plans and Other Postretirement Benefit Plans Disclosures [Table]Schedule of Other Intangible AssetsSchedule of Intangible Assets and Goodwill [Table Text Block]Schedule of Offsetting of Derivatives and Amounts Subject to Master Netting AgreementsSchedule Of Offsetting Assets And Liabilities [Table Text Block]Tabular disclosure of derivative and other financial assets and liabilities that are subject to offsetting, including master netting arrangements.Other assetsInvestments in affordable housing projects included in other assetsOther AssetsNumber of lending officesNumber Of Lending OfficesNumber Of Lending OfficesTechnology and equipmentTechnology and Equipment ExpenseTechnology and Equipment ExpenseCondensed Cash Flow Statements, Captions [Line Items]Condensed Cash Flow Statements, Captions [Line Items]PriorFinancing Receivable, Excluding Accrued Interest, Originated, More than Five Years before Current Fiscal Year, WriteoffDocuments Incorporated by ReferenceDocuments Incorporated by Reference [Text Block]Common equity Tier 1 capital ratio, Minimum Required for Capital Adequacy Purposes, Ratio (as a percent)Tier One Common Equity Capital Required For Capital Adequacy To Average AssetsTier One Common Equity Capital Required For Capital Adequacy To Average AssetsOther borrowed fundsBorrowed fundsOther BorrowingsOther consumerOther Consumer [Member]Other Consumer [Member]Document Period End DateDocument Period End DateAdoption DateTrading Arrangement Adoption DateNet investment securitiesTotal Securities, NetTotal Securities, NetNumber Of Borrowers [Domain]Number Of Borrowers [Domain]Number Of Borrowers [Domain]Schedule of Pro Forma Financial InformationBusiness Acquisition, Pro Forma Information [Table Text Block]Treasury StockTreasury Stock, Common [Member]Maximum percentage of outstanding equity interest that can be invested by the entity in any single projectPercentage of Equity Interest Invested in Project MaximumRepresents maximum percentage of outstanding equity interest that can be invested by the entity in any single project.Provision for income taxesTotal provision for income taxesCredit for income taxesIncome Tax Expense (Benefit)Designated as hedging instrumentDesignated as Hedging Instrument [Member]Valuation Approach and Technique [Domain]Valuation Approach and Technique [Domain]Vesting [Axis]Vesting [Axis]Estimated fair value of debt securities have right to call or prepay the obligations, scheduled maturities less than one yearCallable Securities Debt, Maturities Less Than One Year, Fair ValueCallable Securities Debt, Maturities Less Than One Year, Fair ValueFair Value of Financial InstrumentsFair Value Disclosures [Text Block]Number of operating segmentsNumber of Operating SegmentsReclassification adjustment for (income) expense recognized in earningsReclassification from Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income, Current Period, Net of TaxCash and Cash Equivalents [Abstract]Cash and Cash Equivalents [Abstract]Effect of 1% increase on total service and interest cost components of net periodic postretirement benefit costsDefined Benefit Plan, Effect of One-Percentage-Point Increase on Service and Interest Cost ComponentsTwelve months or longer, unrealized lossesDebt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Continuous Unrealized Loss Position, 12 Months or Longer, Accumulated LossCompensation and benefitsCompensation Expense, Excluding Cost of Good and Service SoldEquity [Abstract]Equity [Abstract]Debt Securities, Available-for-sale [Line Items]Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale [Line Items]Net reclassification adjustments for securities gains (losses) included in net incomeOther Comprehensive Income (Loss), Reclassification Adjustment from AOCI for Sale of Securities, Net of TaxOperating leasesOperating Lease, Weighted Average Remaining Lease TermPurchase price considerationBusiness Combination, Recognized Identifiable Assets Acquired, Goodwill, and Liabilities Assumed, NetEquity in undistributed income of subsidiariesDistributions In Excess (Less than) Of Net Income Of SubsidiariesDistributions In Excess (Less than) Of Net Income Of SubsidiariesOver 1 year to 2 yearsFederal Home Loan Bank, Advance, Maturity, Average Interest Rate, Year TwoTotal core deposit accountsDeposits Excluding Time Deposits, Fair Value DisclosureRepresents the portion of the balance sheet assertion valued at fair value by the entity, whether such amount is presented as a separate caption or as a parenthetical disclosure. Additionally, this element may be used in connection with fair value disclosures required in the footnote disclosures to the financial statements. This item represents the amount of fair values of deposit liabilities held by the entity, including foreign and domestic, interest and noninterest bearing; it may include demand deposits, saving deposits, Negotiable Order of Withdrawal (NOW) excluding certificates of deposit or time deposits.Actual health care trend used to measure the accumulated postretirement benefit obligation (as a percent)Defined Benefit Plan, Health Care Cost Trend Rate Assumed for Fiscal YearThe assumed health care cost trend rate for the year used to measure the expected cost of benefits covered by the plan (gross eligible charges).Accrued expenses and other liabilitiesLiability, Defined Benefit PlanCompensation Actually Paid vs. Company Selected MeasureCompensation Actually Paid vs. Company Selected Measure [Text Block]Reconciliation of income tax expenseIncome Tax Expense (Benefit), Effective Income Tax Rate Reconciliation, Amount [Abstract]Actuarial gainDefined Benefit Plan, Amortization of Gain (Loss)5+ YearsTime Deposits, Weighted Average Interest Rate, Maturities Greater than Five YearsFinancial Instrument Performance Status [Axis]Financial Instrument Performance Status [Axis]Less than twelve months, unrealized lossesDebt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Continuous Unrealized Loss Position, Less than 12 Months, Accumulated LossTotal cash and cash equivalentsCash and cash equivalents at beginning of yearCash and cash equivalents at end of yearCash and Cash Equivalents, at Carrying ValueAcquisitions, net of cash and cash equivalents acquiredOutlays for PCSB acquisitionPayments to Acquire Businesses, Net of Cash AcquiredInvestment amortization included in provision for income taxesAmortization Method Qualified Affordable Housing Project Investments, AmortizationAcquisition fair value adjustmentsDeferred Tax Liabilities, Acquisition Fair Value AdjustmentsDeferred Tax Liabilities, Acquisition Fair Value AdjustmentsFinancing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator [Table]Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator [Table]GSE debt securities excluding specified securitiesUS Government Sponsored Enterprises Debt Securities Excluding Specified Securities [Member]US Government Sponsored Enterprises Debt Securities Excluding Specified Securities [Member]Schedule of Information Regarding the Aging of Past Due Loans, By Loan ClassFinancing Receivable, Past Due [Table Text Block]Assets, Net AmountDerivative Asset, Including Not Subject to Master Netting Arrangement, after Offset and DeductionVariable interest rate spread (as a percent)Debt Instrument, Basis Spread on Variable RateEstimated Useful LifeProperty, Plant and Equipment, Useful LifeNon-accrualFinancing Receivable, Excluding Accrued Interest, NonaccrualCompensation Actually Paid vs. Other MeasureCompensation Actually Paid vs. Other Measure [Text Block]Accounts Notes Loans and Financing Receivable by Receivable Nature [Axis]Accounts Notes Loans and Financing Receivable by Receivable Nature [Axis]Information by nature of amounts due the entity for goods or services that have been delivered or sold in the normal course of business, for which gross carrying value, allowance, and net carrying value may be disclosed.Discount rate used to determine the actuarial present value (as a percent)Defined Benefit Plan, Assumptions Used Calculating Net Periodic Benefit Cost, Discount RateOver 10 yearsDebt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Weighted Average Yield, Maturity, after Year 10Bank actual capital ratioBank Actual Capital Ratio [Abstract]-- None. No documentation exists for this element. --Cash surrender value of bank-owned life insuranceIncrease (Decrease) in Life Insurance LiabilitiesStock repurchase program, weighted average price (in dollars per share)Stock Repurchase Program, Weighted Average Share PriceStock Repurchase Program, Weighted Average Share PriceInterest rate derivativesInterest Rate Contract [Member]Core deposit and other intangiblesBusiness Combination, Recognized Identifiable Assets Acquired and Liabilities Assumed, Intangible Assets, Other than GoodwillAfter 1 year through 5 yearsDebt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Weighted Average Yield, Maturity, after Year One Through FiveTotal interest and dividend incomeInterest and Dividend Income, OperatingYear ThreeFinancing Receivable, Excluding Accrued Interest, Year Three, Originated, Two Years before Current Fiscal YearRecorded investment, at modificationFinancing Receivable, Troubled Debt Restructuring, PremodificationFranchise taxesTaxes, OtherRevenue from Contracts with CustomersRevenue from Contract with Customer [Text Block]Additional paid-in capitalAdditional Paid in Capital, Common StockFair value of assets acquired, net of cash and cash equivalents acquiredFair Value of Assets AcquiredBank-Owned Life InsuranceBank Owned Life Insurance [Policy Text Block]Disclosure of accounting policy for bank-owned life insurance.Additional Paid-in CapitalAdditional Paid-in Capital [Member]Net change in fair value of cash flow hedges, net of taxesOther Comprehensive Income (Loss), Cash Flow Hedge, Gain (Loss), before Reclassification, after TaxDocument Annual ReportDocument Annual ReportAllowance for credit lossesDeferred Tax Asset, Tax Deferred Expense, Reserve and Accrual, Accounts Receivable, Allowance for Credit LossVehiclesVehicles [Member]Cover [Abstract]Cover [Abstract]Common equity Tier 1 capital ratio (as a percent)Tier One Common Equity Capital Required For Fully Phased In Capital Adequacy Purposes Plus Capital Conservation Buffer To Average AssetsTier One Common Equity Capital Required For Fully Phased In Capital Adequacy Purposes Plus Capital Conservation Buffer To Average AssetsPosition [Axis]Position [Axis]Total (as a percent)Total Risk Based Capital Ratio Required For Fully Phased In Capital Adequacy Purposes Plus Capital Conservation Buffer To Risk Weighted Average AssetsTotal Risk Based Capital Ratio Required For Fully Phased In Capital Adequacy Purposes Plus Capital Conservation Buffer To Risk Weighted Average AssetsRisk-based capital:Tier One Risk Based, Capital Ratio [Abstract]-- None. No documentation exists for this element. --Net interest income of acquiree since acquisition dateBusiness Combination, Pro Forma Information, Interest Income (Expense), Net of Acquiree since Acquisition Date, ActualBusiness Combination, Pro Forma Information, Interest Income (Expense), Net of Acquiree since Acquisition Date, ActualAmortization of debt issuance costsAmortization of Debt Issuance CostsRecurring basisFair Value, Recurring [Member]Quantitative information for Level 3 Fair Value Measurements AssetsFair Value Measurement Inputs and Valuation Techniques [Line Items]Accrued ExpenseDeferred Tax Liabilities, Deferred ExpenseTotalLessee, Operating Lease, Liability, to be PaidYear fiveFinancing Receivable, Excluding Accrued Interest, Year Five, Originated, Four Years before Current Fiscal Year, WriteoffEmployee Benefit PlansCompensation and Employee Benefit Plans [Text Block]PurchasesFair Value, Measurement with Unobservable Inputs Reconciliation, Recurring Basis, Asset, PurchasesNumber of LoansFinancing Receivable, Modifications, Number of ContractsForeign government obligationsForeign government obligationsDebt Security, Government, Non-US [Member]Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalentsNet increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalentsCash, Cash Equivalents, Restricted Cash, and Restricted Cash Equivalents, Period Increase (Decrease), Including Exchange Rate EffectEquity Component [Domain]Equity Component [Domain]OtherNoninterest Income, OtherNon-GAAP Measure DescriptionNon-GAAP Measure Description [Text Block]OtherDeferred Tax Liabilities, OtherBorrowed funds:Long-Term Debt, Unclassified [Abstract]Entity Current Reporting StatusEntity Current Reporting StatusHome equityLine of Credit Facility, Remaining Borrowing Capacity for EquityAmount of borrowing capacity currently available under the equity credit facility (current borrowing capacity less the amount of borrowings outstanding).Over 1 year to 2 yearsFederal Home Loan Bank Advances Callable Amount from One to Two Years of Balance Sheet DateRepresents the amount of Federal Home Loan Bank advances outstanding which are callable from one to two years of the Balance Sheet date.Weighted Average Rate of Demand checking accountsWeighted Average Rate Deposit Liabilities [Abstract]-- None. No documentation exists for this element. --Schedule of Loans and Advances to Directors, Executive Officers and their AffiliatesSchedule Of Change In Amount Of Financing Receivable To Related Party [Table Text Block]Tabular disclosure of the change in the total amounts of financing receivable to directors and their affiliates.Consolidated Entities [Domain]Consolidated Entities [Domain]Total gross deferred tax liabilitiesDeferred Tax Liabilities, GrossSubordinated debentures and notesSubordinated DebtProvision (credit) for loan and lease losses excluding unfunded commitmentsTotal provision (credit) for loan and lease lossesFinancing Receivable, Excluding Accrued Interest, Credit Loss Expense (Reversal)Cash, Cash Equivalents and Short-Term InvestmentsCash, Cash Equivalents, and Short-Term Investments [Text Block]After 4 years but within 5 yearsTime Deposit Maturities, Year FiveTroubled debt restructurings:Loan and Lease Receivables, Impaired [Abstract]Estimated Fair ValueEstimate of Fair Value Measurement [Member]Premises and EquipmentProperty, Plant and Equipment, Policy [Policy Text Block]Collateral-dependent impaired loans and leasesImpaired Loans [Member]Impaired Loans [Member]Securities available-for-sale and loans pledged as collateralAvailable For Sale Securities And Loans Pledged As CollateralRepresents the amount of available-for-sale securities and loans that serve as collateral for borrowings.Net adjustment of accumulated obligation for postretirement benefitsOther Comprehensive Income (Loss), Defined Benefit Plan, Gain (Loss), Reclassification Adjustment from AOCI, after TaxForgone Recovery due to Disqualification of Tax Benefits, AmountForgone Recovery due to Disqualification of Tax Benefits, AmountGSE mortgage-related securitiesGSE MBSsCollateralized Mortgage-Backed Securities [Member]Awards Close in Time to MNPI DisclosuresAwards Close in Time to MNPI Disclosures [Table]Outstanding balanceLong-Term Line of CreditSchedule of Unpaid Principal Balance to the Fair Value of PCD Loans and LeasesFinancing Receivable, Purchased With Credit Deterioration [Table Text Block]Financing Receivable, Purchased With Credit DeteriorationReceived Fixed Swap RateDerivative, Average Swaption Interest RateUnallocated Common Stock Held by ESOPCommon Stock Held by Employee Stock Option Plan, Unallocated [Member]Common Stock Held by Employee Stock Option Plan, UnallocatedStockholders' Equity:Equity, Including Portion Attributable to Noncontrolling Interest [Abstract]Vesting equally over three yearsShare-Based Payment Arrangement, Tranche One [Member]Money market accountsDeposits, Money Market DepositsRepayment of ESOP loan by Brookline BankProceeds from Collection of Loans ReceivableRevolving LoansFinancing Receivable, Excluding Accrued Interest, RevolvingDeferred income tax expenseDeferred Income Taxes and Tax CreditsConsolidated Entities [Axis]Consolidated Entities [Axis]Variable Rate [Domain]Variable Rate [Domain]Schedule of Interest Expense on Borrowed FundsSchedule of Borrowed Funds Interest Expense [Table Text Block]Tabular disclosure of interest expense incurred on borrowed funds.Pay vs Performance Disclosure [Line Items]Entity Voluntary FilersEntity Voluntary FilersPast Due Greater Than 90 Days and AccruingFinancing Receivable, Excluding Accrued Interest, 90 Days or More Past Due, Still AccruingStatistical Measurement [Domain]Statistical Measurement [Domain]Underlying Security Market Price ChangeUnderlying Security Market Price Change, PercentCashBusiness Combination, Recognized Identifiable Assets Acquired and Liabilities Assumed, Cash and EquivalentsUnfunded commitments on extensions of creditUnfunded Commitments On Extensions Of CreditRepresents the liability for unfunded commitments on extensions of credit to insiders.Outstanding at beginning of year (in shares)Outstanding at end of year (in shares)Share-Based Compensation Arrangement by Share-Based Payment Award, Equity Instruments Other than Options, Nonvested, NumberTier 1 leverage capitalBanking Regulation, Tier 1 Leverage Capital, Well Capitalized, MinimumBorrowed FundsDebt Disclosure [Text Block]Basis of PresentationBasis of Presentation [Line Items]Line items represent financial concepts included in a table. These concepts are used to disclose reportable information associated with domain members defined in one or many axes to the table.Schedule of Financial Instruments with Off-balance Sheet RiskSchedule of Commitment of Financial Instrument with Off Balance Sheet Risks [Table Text Block]Tabular Disclosure of commitment to financial instruments whose contract amounts represent credit risk which are off-balance sheet.Statement of Stockholders' Equity [Abstract]Statement of Stockholders' Equity [Abstract]Investments, Debt and Equity Securities [Abstract]Investments, Debt and Equity Securities [Abstract]MNPI Disclosure Timed for Compensation ValueMNPI Disclosure Timed for Compensation Value [Flag]Performance-based sharesPerformance Shares [Member]Computer equipmentComputer Equipment [Member]Transfers outFair Value, Measurement with Unobservable Inputs Reconciliation, Recurring Basis, Asset, Transfers out of Level 3Net income of acquiree since acquisition dateBusiness Combination, Pro Forma Information, Earnings or Loss of Acquiree since Acquisition Date, ActualRestatement Determination Date:Restatement Determination Date [Axis]Investment, Name [Axis]Investment, Name [Axis]Schedule of Customer Related Derivative PositionsDerivatives Not Designated as Hedging Instruments [Table Text Block]Corporate debt obligationsCorporate Debt Securities [Member]Commitments and contingencies (Note 13)Commitments and ContingenciesRisk-based capital:Tier One Risk Based, Capital Adequacy [Abstract]-- None. No documentation exists for this element. --Unamortized deferred loan origination fees and costsFinancing Receivable, Unamortized Loan Cost (Fee) and Purchase Premium (Discount)Notional Amount Maturing, Less than 3 yearsDerivative, Notional Amount Maturing In Three YearsDerivative, Notional Amount Maturing In Three YearsCash paid for amounts included in the measurement of lease liabilities:Cash Flow, Lessee [Abstract]Cash Flow, Lessee [Abstract]Geographical [Axis]Geographical [Axis]31-60 DaysFinancing Receivables, 31 to 60 Days Past Due [Member]Financing Receivables, 31 to 60 Days Past Due [Member]Time depositsTime Deposits, $100,000 or MoreIncome TaxesIncome Tax Disclosure [Text Block]Income tax (expense) benefitOCI, Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Gain (Loss), before Adjustment, TaxBorrowed fundsInterest Expense, Subordinated Notes and DebenturesMinimum Required for Fully Phased in Capital Adequacy Purposes plus Capital Conservation BufferRequired For Fully Phased In Capital Adequacy Purposes Plus Capital Conservation Buffer [Abstract]Required for Fully Phased in Capital Adequacy Purposes plus Capital Conservation Buffer [Abstract]TotalBanking Regulation, Total Risk-Based Capital, Capital Adequacy, MinimumLeasesLessee, Leases [Policy Text Block]Number of PositionsNumber of Interest Rate Derivatives HeldPremises and equipmentBusiness Combination, Recognized Identifiable Assets Acquired and Liabilities Assumed, Property, Plant, and EquipmentSerial preferred stock, par value (in dollars per share)Preferred Stock, Par or Stated Value Per ShareBusiness Acquisition [Line Items]Business Acquisition [Line Items]Weighted Average Price per ShareShare-Based Compensation Arrangement by Share-Based Payment Award, Equity Instruments Other than Options, Nonvested, Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value [Abstract]Fair Value, Recurring and Nonrecurring [Table]Fair Value, Recurring and Nonrecurring [Table]Net loans and leasesLoans and leases, netFinancing Receivable, Excluding Accrued Interest, after Allowance for Credit LossLiabilities, Gross Amounts RecognizedDerivativesDerivative Liability, Subject to Master Netting Arrangement, before OffsetPEO Total Compensation AmountPEO Total Compensation AmountSchedule of Property, Plant and Equipment [Table]Property, Plant and Equipment [Table]Expense with deferred compensation planDeferred Compensation Arrangement with Individual, Compensation ExpenseGoodwill [Roll Forward]Goodwill [Roll Forward]Business acquisition, share price (in dollars per share)Business Acquisition, Share PriceTrading Arrangements, by IndividualTrading Arrangements, by Individual [Table]Level 3Fair Value, Inputs, Level 3 [Member]Treasury stock (in shares)Treasury Stock, Common, SharesCondensed Cash Flow Statement [Table]Condensed Cash Flow Statement [Table]Office building and improvementsBuilding and Building Improvements [Member]Allowance for credit loss, completion of revision, period from forecast start dateAllowance For Credit Loss, Completion of Revision, Period From Forecast Start DateAllowance For Credit Loss, Completion of Revision, Period From Forecast Start DateInvestment securities available-for-saleEstimated Fair ValueEstimated Fair ValueDebt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Excluding Accrued InterestAfter 5 years through 10 yearsDebt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Amortized Cost, Maturity, Allocated and Single Maturity Date, after Year 5 Through 10Interest and dividend income:Interest and Dividend Income, Operating [Abstract]Subordinated debenture maturing September 15, 2029Subordinated Debenture, September 2029 [Member]Subordinated Debenture, September 2029 [Member]Non-PEO NEO Average Compensation Actually Paid AmountNon-PEO NEO Average Compensation Actually Paid AmountBOLI, as percentage of capital plus reserves, maximum, individual carrier (as a percent)Bank Owned Life Insurance Maximum As Percentage Of Capital Plus Reserves, Individual CarrierBank Owned Life Insurance Maximum As Percentage Of Capital Plus Reserves, Individual CarrierSchedule of Changes in the Allowance for Loan and Lease LossesFinancing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Loss [Table Text Block]Debt Instrument, Interest Rate, Period [Axis]Debt Instrument, Interest Rate, Period [Axis]Debt Instrument, Interest Rate, Period [Axis]Net incomeNet incomeNet incomeNet income attributable to parent companyNet Income (Loss)Specific allowance for loan and lease lossesSpecific Allowance For Loan And Lease LossesSpecific Allowance For Loan And Lease LossesVesting, Third AnniversaryVesting, Third Anniversary [Member]Vesting, Third Anniversary [Member]Derivative Contract [Domain]Derivative Contract [Domain]90+ Days Past DueFinancial Asset, Equal to or Greater than 90 Days Past Due [Member]Changed Peer Group, FootnoteChanged Peer Group, Footnote [Text Block]Company Selected Measure NameCompany Selected Measure NameAfter 1 year through 5 yearsDebt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Amortized Cost, Maturity, Allocated and Single Maturity Date, after Year One Through FiveCommitments and ContingenciesLessee, Operating Leases [Text Block]Total borrowed fundsOutstanding at end of yearDebt and Lease ObligationSchedule of Net Periodic Postretirement Benefit Cost and Other Amounts Recognized in Other Comprehensive IncomeSchedule of Net Benefit Costs and Amounts Recognized in Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) [Table Text Block]Tabular disclosure of the components of net benefit costs for pension plans and/or other employee benefit plans including service cost, interest cost, expected return on plan assets, gain (loss), prior service cost or credit, transition asset or obligation, and gain (loss) recognized due to settlements or curtailments and the net gain (loss) and net prior service cost or credit recognized in other comprehensive income (loss) for the period for pension plans and/or other employee benefit plans, and reclassification adjustments of other comprehensive income (loss) for the period, as those amounts, including amortization of the net transition asset or obligation, are recognized as components of net periodic benefit cost.Retained earningsRetained Earnings, Partially RestrictedThis element represents the cumulative amount of the reporting entity's undistributed earnings or deficit, restricted by the amount of the liquidation account created for distribution to eligible account holder in the unlikely event (and only in the event) of a liquidation.LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITYLiabilities and Equity [Abstract]Finite-Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]Finite-Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]PCSBPCSB Financial Corporation [Member]PCSB Financial CorporationAccrued expenses and other liabilitiesAccrued Expenses and Other LiabilitiesThe summation of accrued expenses and other liabilities. Accrued expenses represent the carrying value as of the balance sheet date of obligations incurred and payable, pertaining to costs that are statutory in nature, are incurred on contractual obligations, or accumulate over time and for which invoices have not yet been received or will not be rendered. Other liabilities represent the carrying amount as of the balance sheet date of liabilities not individually reported in the financial statements or not separately disclosed in notes.Derivative Instruments, Gain (Loss) by Hedging Relationship, by Income Statement Location, by Derivative Instrument Risk [Table]Derivative Instruments, Gain (Loss) [Table]Condensed Parent Company Financial StatementsCondensed Financial Information of Parent Company Only Disclosure [Text Block]Gross Unrealized LossesDebt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Accumulated Gross Unrealized Loss, before TaxNumber Of Borrowers [Axis]Number Of Borrowers [Axis]Number Of BorrowersFHLB borrowings fair value adjustmentFederal Home Loan Bank, Advances, Valuation Adjustments under Fair Value OptionChange in fair value of cash flow hedgesOther Comprehensive Income (Loss), Cash Flow Hedge, Gain (Loss), before Reclassification and TaxUnused lines of credit:Line of Credit Facility Remaining Borrowing Capacity [Abstract]-- None. No documentation exists for this element. --Award vesting periodShare-Based Compensation Arrangement by Share-Based Payment Award, Award Vesting PeriodOver 3 years to 4 yearsFederal Home Loan Bank, Advance, Maturity, Average Interest Rate, Year FourWeighted-average amortization periodAcquired Finite-Lived Intangible Assets, Weighted Average Useful LifeForeign exchange contractsForeign Exchange Contract [Member]After 1 year but within 2 yearsTime Deposits, Weighted Average Interest Rate, Maturities Year TwoNameMeasure NameNameForgone Recovery, Individual NameDefaulted, number of loans/leasesFinancing Receivable, Troubled Debt Restructuring, Subsequent Default, Number of ContractsDiscount from the results of the loan accounting valuationBusiness Combination, Provisional Information, Initial Accounting Incomplete, Adjustment, LoansBusiness Combination, Provisional Information, Initial Accounting Incomplete, Adjustment, LoansHome equityHome Equity Line of Credit [Member]GoodwillGoodwillBalance at beginning of yearBalance at end of yearGoodwillFinancial Instrument Performance Status [Domain]Financial Instrument Performance Status [Domain]Total investment securitiesTotal SecuritiesIncludes total investments in debt and equity securities which are categorized neither as held-to-maturity nor trading and investments which are not defined as or included in marketable (debt, equity, or other) securities whose use is restricted in whole or in part, generally by contractual agreements or regulatory requirements.Lessee, Lease, Description [Table]Lessee, Lease, Description [Table]Schedule of Impaired and Non-impaired Loans and Leases, By Loan and Leases ClassSchedule of Impaired and Non Impaired Loans by Loan Class [Table Text Block]Tabular disclosure of impaired and non-impaired loans by loan class.Measurement Basis [Axis]Measurement Basis [Axis]Underlying SecuritiesAward Underlying Securities AmountAppraisal AdjustmentsAppraisal Adjustments [Member]Appraisal Adjustments [Member]Comprehensive Income/(Loss)Comprehensive Income (Loss) Note [Text Block]Fair Value Measurement [Domain]Fair Value Measurement [Domain]Classified as well capitalized ratioBanking Regulation, Leverage Ratio [Abstract]Brookline BankSubsidiaries [Member]Collateral [Axis]Collateral Held [Axis]Dividends declared per common share (in dollars per share)Common Stock, Dividends, Per Share, DeclaredEmployee Stock Ownership PlanEmployee Stock Ownership Plan ESOP [Member]An arrangement whereby an employee is entitled to participate in the plan after reaching the age of twenty-one, completion of one year of service and working at least one thousand hours of consecutive service during the year. Contributions are allocated to eligible participants on the basis of compensation, subject to federal tax law limits.Within 1 yearFederal Home Loan Bank, Advance, Maturity, Year OneNet unrealized securities holding gains (losses) before reclassification adjustments, net of taxesOCI, Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Unrealized Holding Gain (Loss), before Adjustment, after TaxSchedule of Maturities of the Debt SecuritiesInvestments Classified by Contractual Maturity Date [Table Text Block]Fair Value Measurement Inputs and Valuation Techniques [Table]Fair Value Measurement Inputs and Valuation Techniques [Table]Debt Instrument, Name [Domain]Debt Instrument, Name [Domain]Deferred loan origination costs, netDeferred Tax Liabilities, Deferred Expense, Debt Issuance CostsFair valueFinancing Receivable, Purchased with Credit Deterioration, Amount at Purchase PriceFinancial assets:Financial Instruments, Financial Assets, Balance Sheet Groupings [Abstract]Income Statement Location [Axis]Income Statement Location [Axis]Weighted average rate paid for the yearShort-term Debt Weighted Average Interest RatesRepresents the average interest rate weighted by the amount of short-term debt outstanding by type or by instrument during the period.Bank actual capital amountBanking Regulation, Total Capital [Abstract]Data not availableCredit Score Data Not Available [Member]Represents the credit score for which data are not available.Schedule of Future Minimum Rental PaymentsLessee, Operating Lease, Liability, to be Paid, Maturity [Table Text Block]Effect of dilutive securities (in shares)Weighted Average Number of Shares Outstanding, Diluted, AdjustmentChange in benefit obligation:Defined Benefit Plan, Change in Benefit Obligation [Roll Forward]Risk-based capital:Banking Regulation, Tier 1 Risk-Based Capital [Abstract]US Treasuries, Agency MBS, and Municipal Bond Anticipation NotesUS Treasuries, Agency MBS, and Municipal Bond Anticipation Notes [Member]US Treasuries, Agency MBS, and Municipal Bond Anticipation NotesSOFRSecured Overnight Financing Rate (SOFR) [Member]Secured Overnight Financing Rate (SOFR)Cash and Cash EquivalentsCash and Cash Equivalents, Policy [Policy Text Block]Weighted Average RateFederal Home Loan Bank, Advance, Maturity, Average Interest Rate [Abstract]Pledged Status [Axis]Pledged Status [Axis]Net change in:Increase (Decrease) in Operating Assets [Abstract]Schedule of Estimated Fair Values of Financial InstrumentsFair Value, by Balance Sheet Grouping [Table Text Block]Product and Service [Domain]Product and Service [Domain]Other Performance Measure, AmountOther Performance Measure, AmountLiabilities, Gross Amounts Not Offset in the Statement of Financial Position, Cash Collateral PledgedDerivative Liability, Subject to Master Netting Arrangement, Collateral, Right to Reclaim Cash Not OffsetSchedule of Lease Cost, Supplemental Cash Flow and Supplemental Balance Sheet InformationLease, Cost [Table Text Block]Basis of Presentation [Table]Basis of Presentation [Table]Schedule reflecting basis of accounting, or basis of presentation, used to prepare the financial statements (for example, US Generally Accepted Accounting Principles, Other Comprehensive Basis of Accounting, IFRS).Other restricted equity securitiesOther Restricted Equity Stock [Member]Represents an equity interest in other stock not otherwise specified in the taxonomy. It does not have a readily determinable fair value because its ownership is restricted and it lacks a market (liquidity).Regulatory Capital RequirementsRegulatory Capital Requirements under Banking Regulations [Text Block]Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities Disclosure [Abstract]Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities Disclosure [Abstract]Plan Name [Domain]Plan Name [Domain]Money market accountsInterest Expense, Money Market DepositsPast DueFinancial Asset, Past Due [Member]Total interest expenseInterest ExpenseTier 1Banking Regulation, Tier 1 Risk-Based Capital, Capital Adequacy, MinimumNumber of shares authorized (in shares)Share-Based Compensation Arrangement by Share-Based Payment Award, Number of Shares AuthorizedLoansFinancing Receivable [Policy Text Block]Trading Arrangement:Trading Arrangement [Axis]Savings accountsInterest Expense, Savings DepositsUse of EstimatesUse of Estimates, Policy [Policy Text Block]Financial standby letters of creditLetter of Credit Facility Remaining Borrowing Capacity for Financial Standby Letters of CreditAmount of borrowing capacity currently available under the financial standby letters of credit facility (current borrowing capacity less the amount of borrowings outstanding).Long-term Debt, Type [Domain]Long-Term Debt, Type [Domain]Entity File NumberEntity File NumberRevolving Loans Converted to Term LoansFinancing Receivable, Excluding Accrued Interest, Revolving, Converted to Term Loan, WriteoffMeasurement Input, Discount RateMeasurement Input, Discount Rate [Member]ThereafterLessee, Operating Lease, Liability, to be Paid, after Year FiveInvestment Securities Available-for-SaleAOCI, Accumulated Gain (Loss), Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Parent [Member]Securities Sold under Agreements to RepurchaseRepurchase and Resale Agreements Policy [Policy Text Block]Auditor Firm IDAuditor Firm IDAmortization of identified intangible assetsAmortization of identified intangible assetsAmortization of Intangible AssetsEntity Shell CompanyEntity Shell CompanyC&I RelationshipsCommercial and Industrial Relationships [Member]C&I Relationships [Member]Business Acquisition, Acquiree [Domain]Business Acquisition, Acquiree [Domain]Restatement Determination DateRestatement Determination DateSchedule of Investments in the Restricted Equity Securities of Various EntitiesSchedule of Restricted Equity Securities [Table Text Block]Tabular disclosure of restricted equity securities by type of investment.Audit Information [Abstract]Audit Information [Abstract]Brokered deposit accountsInterest Expense, Brokered DepositsInterest Expense, Brokered DepositsFinancing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Loss [Table]Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Loss [Table]Accrued expenses and other liabilitiesIncrease (Decrease) in Other Operating LiabilitiesRule 10b5-1 Arrangement AdoptedRule 10b5-1 Arrangement Adopted [Flag]Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of yearCash and cash equivalents at end of yearCash, Cash Equivalents, Restricted Cash, and Restricted Cash EquivalentsAsset Class [Axis]Asset Class [Axis]Equipment and data processingEquipment and Data Processing ExpenseThis element represents equipment expense including depreciation, repairs, rentals, and service contract costs. This item also includes equipment purchases which do not qualify for capitalization in accordance with the entity's accounting policy. This element also includes the data processing expenses.Provision for credit losses on investmentsDebt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Excluding Accrued Interest, Allowance for Credit Loss, Not Previously RecordedOperating lease costOperating Lease, CostMerger and acquisition expenseEffective Income Tax Rate Reconciliation, Merger Related Expenses, AmountEffective Income Tax Rate Reconciliation, Merger Related Expenses, AmountTwelve months or longer, estimated fair valueDebt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Continuous Unrealized Loss Position, 12 Months or LongerCommon stock, issued (in shares)Common Stock, Shares, IssuedVested (in shares)Share-Based Compensation Arrangement by Share-Based Payment Award, Equity Instruments Other than Options, Vested in PeriodEffect of 1% change in assumed health care cost trend ratesDefined Benefit Plan, Effect of One-Percentage-Point Change in Assumed Health Care Cost Trend Rate [Abstract]Treasury stock, at cost; 7,354,399 shares and 7,731,445 shares, respectivelyTreasury stock, at cost; 7,354,399 shares and 7,731,445 shares, respectivelyTreasury Stock, Common, ValueTotal assets measured at fair value on a non-recurring basisFair value of assetsAssets, Fair Value DisclosureAFS, debt securities, unrealized loss position, accumulated lossTotal, unrealized lossesDebt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Unrealized Loss Position, Accumulated LossTotal borrowed fundsBorrowed fundsLong-Term DebtInvestments in affordable housing projectsEffective Income Tax Rate Reconciliation, Tax Credit, Investment, AmountTotal available borrowing capacity from FHLBFederal Home Loan Bank, Advances, General Debt Obligations, Amount of Available, Unused FundsGain on sales of loans and leasesGain on sales of loans and leasesGain (Loss) On Sale Of Loans And Leases Held for SaleGain (Loss) On Sale Of Loans And Leases Held for SaleIntercompany loan to Brookline BankInterest Income, Intercompany LoansInterest Income, Intercompany LoansWeighted average remaining recognition period (months)Share-Based Payment Arrangement, Nonvested Award, Cost Not yet Recognized, Period for RecognitionComprehensive incomeComprehensive Income (Loss), Net of Tax, Attributable to ParentFinancing Receivable Portfolio Segment [Domain]Financing Receivable Portfolio Segment [Domain]Funded status at end of yearDefined benefit plan, funded (unfunded) status of planDefined Benefit Plan, Funded (Unfunded) Status of PlanPCSB acquisitionCommon stock issuedStock Issued During Period, Value, AcquisitionsCommon equity Tier 1 capital ratio, Minimum Required for Capital Adequacy Purposes, AmountTier One Common Equity Capital Required For Capital AdequacyTier One Common Equity Capital Required For Capital AdequacySchedule of Short-term InvestmentsSchedule of Short-term Investments [Table Text Block]Tabular disclosure of the components of cash, cash equivalents, and short-term investments. Short-term investments may include current marketable securities.Entity Address, Address Line OneEntity Address, Address Line OneDebt Securities, Available For Sale, Accrued Interest, After Allowance For Credit Loss, Statement of Financial Position Extensible List Not Disclosed FlagDebt Securities, Available For Sale, Accrued Interest, After Allowance For Credit Loss, Statement Of Financial Position Extensible List Not Disclosed FlagDebt Securities, Available For Sale, Accrued Interest, After Allowance For Credit Loss, Statement Of Financial Position Extensible List Not Disclosed FlagReceivable Type [Axis]Receivable Type [Axis]Financial liabilities:Financial Instruments, Financial Liabilities, Balance Sheet Groupings [Abstract]Deferred tax assets and liabilitiesComponents of Deferred Tax Assets and Liabilities [Abstract]Money market accountsDeposits Money Market Deposits Weighted Average RateThe weighted average interest rate for money market demand account deposit liabilities.Unfunded credit commitmentsUnfunded Loan Commitment [Member]Summary of carrying values and estimated fair valuesFair Value, Balance Sheet Grouping, Financial Statement Captions [Line Items]Total risk-based capitalBanking Regulation, Total Capital, ActualBank-owned life insuranceEffective Income Tax Rate Reconciliation, Bank-Owned Life Insurance, AmountEffective Income Tax Rate Reconciliation, Bank-Owned Life Insurance, AmountFair ValueFair ValueDerivative, Fair Value, NetLoans And Leases ReceivableLoans And Leases Receivable [Member]Loans And Leases Receivable MemberTier 1 risk-based capital ratioTier One Risk Based Capital Required For Fully Phased In Capital Adequacy Purposes Plus Capital Conservation BufferTier One Risk Based Capital Required For Fully Phased In Capital Adequacy Purposes Plus Capital Conservation BufferLoan Restructuring Modification [Domain]Loan Restructuring Modification [Domain]Number of days loans past due placed on non accrual statusNumber Of Days Loans Past Due Placed On Non Accrual StatusRepresents the number of days past due that loans are placed on non-accrual status.Common stock held by ESOP committed to be released (in shares)Employee Stock Ownership Plan (ESOP), Shares Contributed to ESOPNumber of days past due to be placed in nonaccrual statusDebt Securities, Available-For-Sale, Number Of Days Loans Past Due Placed On Non Accrual StatusDebt Securities, Available-For-Sale, Number Of Days Loans Past Due Placed On Non Accrual StatusIncome Statement [Abstract]Income Statement [Abstract]Commitments to originate loans and leasesCommitments to Originate Loans and LeasesThe outstanding commitments to originate loans as of the balance sheet date.Investment SecuritiesSchedule of Investments [Line Items]Liquidation account, totalRestricted Retained Earning Liquidation AmountRepresents the total amount of the liquidation account which has been established for the benefit of eligible account holders and supplemental eligible account holders, who maintain their deposit accounts with the entity after the stock offering.Valuation Approach and Technique [Axis]Valuation Approach and Technique [Axis]Short-term investmentsShort-Term Investments [Abstract]Acquisition of PCSB Financial CorporationAcquisition [Abstract]AcquisitionInsider Trading Policies and Procedures AdoptedInsider Trading Policies and Procedures Adopted [Flag]Less than twelve months, estimated fair valueAvailable-For-Sale And Held-To-Maturity Securities, Continuous Unrealized Loss Position, Less Than Twelve Months, Fair ValueAvailable-For-Sale And Held-To-Maturity Securities, Continuous Unrealized Loss Position, Less Than Twelve Months, Fair ValueESOP loan to Brookline BankInterest Income Loans to Subsidiary Bank ESOPRepresents the interest income from loan to subsidiary bank ESOP.Net periodic benefit expense:Defined Benefit Plan, Net Periodic Benefit Cost (Credit) [Abstract]Credit Quality InformationFinancing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]Liabilities, Net Amounts Presented in the Statement of Financial PositionDerivative LiabilityAfter 2 years but within 3 yearsTime Deposits, Weighted Average Interest Rate, Maturities Year ThreeNet incomeBusiness Acquisition, Pro Forma Net Income (Loss)DepositsBusiness Combination, Recognized Identifiable Assets Acquired and Liabilities Assumed, Current Liabilities, DepositsBusiness Combination, Recognized Identifiable Assets Acquired and Liabilities Assumed, Current Liabilities, DepositsExpected income tax expense at statutory federal tax rateEffective Income Tax Rate Reconciliation at Federal Statutory Income Tax Rate, AmountNonaccrual Loans and LeasesFinancing Receivable Modification Recorded InvestmentThe amount of the outstanding recorded investment related to financing receivables that have been modified by troubled debt restructurings during the period.Denominator:Earnings Per Share, Diluted [Abstract]Proceeds from sales of OREO and other repossessed assetsProceeds from Sale of Other Real EstatePrior service creditOther Comprehensive (Income) Loss, Defined Benefit Plan, Prior Service Cost (Credit), before Tax(Accretion) amortization of investment securities deferred, net(Accretion) Amortization Of Investment Securities Deferred, Net(Accretion) Amortization Of Investment Securities Deferred, NetTier 1 leverage capital ratio (as a percent)Banking Regulation, Tier 1 Leverage Capital Ratio, Capital Adequacy, MinimumInvestment in affordable housing tax creditsRealization of Federal Tax Operating LossesRepresents the realization of federal tax operating losses during the period.LandLand [Member]Schedule of 1% Change in Assumed Health Care Cost Trend RatesSchedule of Effect of One-Percentage-Point Change in Assumed Health Care Cost Trend Rates [Table Text Block]Professional and outside servicesProfessional and Contract Services ExpensePercent of portfolio sold preceding the acquisitionBusiness Combination, Investments Assumed, Percent of Portfolio Sold Preceding The AcquisitionBusiness Combination, Investments Assumed, Percent of Portfolio Sold Preceding The AcquisitionAssumed health care trend rates used in 2019 through 2023, low end of range (as a percent)Defined Benefit Plan, Health Care Cost Trend Rate Assumed Low End Of RangeThe low end of the range of assumed health care cost trend rate used to measure the expected cost of benefits covered by the plan (gross eligible charges) till the year the ultimate health care cost trend rate is expected to be reached.Financial Instrument [Axis]Financial Instrument [Axis]Unfunded credit commitments liability included in other liabilitiesUnfunded commitments related to affordable housing projects included in other liabilitiesUnfunded Credit Commitments LiabilityRepresents the liability for unfunded credit commitments that is recorded in other liabilities.Other assetsBusiness Combination, Recognized Identifiable Assets Acquired and Liabilities Assumed, Other Noncurrent AssetsTotal Shareholder Return AmountTotal Shareholder Return AmountRepurchases of common stockPayments for Repurchase of Common StockEntity Common Stock, Shares OutstandingEntity Common Stock, Shares OutstandingAdjustment To PEO Compensation, FootnoteAdjustment To PEO Compensation, Footnote [Text Block]Risk-based capital:Tier One Risk Based, Capital Adequacy Ratio [Abstract]-- None. No documentation exists for this element. --Schedule of Balance SheetsCondensed Balance Sheet [Table Text Block]Financing Receivable, Troubled Debt Restructuring [Line Items]Financing Receivable, Modified [Line Items]Fair Value Hierarchy and NAV [Axis]Fair Value Hierarchy and NAV [Axis]DepositsTotal interest-bearing depositsInterest Expense, Deposits, Excluding Brokered DepositsThe cost of borrowed funds accounted for as interest that was charged against deposits, excluding brokered deposits, during the period.TotalTotal [Member]Total [Member]Retained earningsRetained Earnings (Accumulated Deficit)After 3 years but within 4 yearsTime Deposit Maturities, Year FourCollateral [Domain]Collateral Held [Domain]Acquired from PCSBFair Value, Measurement with Unobservable Inputs Reconciliation, Recurring Basis, Asset Transfers Into Level 3Fine artFine Art [Member]Fine Art [Member]Principal amountDebt Instrument, Face AmountWeighted Average CouponWeighted Average Interest Rate Financing ReceivableThe weighted-average interest rate of the acquired investment in a contractual right to receive money on demand or on fixed or determinable dates that is recognized as an asset in the creditor's statement of financial position.Number of full-service banking officesNumber Of Banking OfficesRepresents the number of full service banking offices operated by the entity.Deferred tax assets:Components of Deferred Tax Assets [Abstract]Entity Address, State or ProvinceEntity Address, State or ProvinceCompensation Actually Paid vs. Total Shareholder ReturnCompensation Actually Paid vs. Total Shareholder Return [Text Block]Sells foreign currency, buys U.S. currencyShort [Member]Proceeds from maturities, calls, and principal repayments of investment securities available-for-saleProceeds from Maturities, Prepayments and Calls of Debt Securities, Available-for-SaleEquity securities held-for-tradingIncrease (Decrease) in Equity Securities, FV-NINumerator:Earnings Per Share, Basic [Abstract]Non-interest income:Noninterest Income [Abstract]Vesting, Second AnniversaryVesting, Second Anniversary [Member]Vesting, Second Anniversary [Member]Schedule of Statements of IncomeCondensed Income Statement [Table Text Block]Investments in Affordable Housing Projects [Abstract]Investments in Affordable Housing Projects [Abstract]Time-based sharesTime-based Awards [Member]Time-based Awards [Member]Pay fixed, receive variableLoan Level Derivative, Pay Fixed, Receive Variable [Member]Loan Level Derivative, Pay Fixed, Receive Variable [Member]Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) [Line Items]Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) [Line Items]Asset Class [Domain]Asset Class [Domain]Brokered deposit accountsDeposits, Brokered DepositsDeposits, Brokered DepositsAssets, Gross Amounts RecognizedDerivativesDerivative Asset, Subject to Master Netting Arrangement, before OffsetLoan feesFinancial Service, Other [Member]Tier 1 (as a percent)Banking Regulation, Tier 1 Risk-Based Capital Ratio, ActualIncome tax (expense) benefitOther Comprehensive Income (Loss), Reclassification Adjustment from AOCI for Sale of Securities, TaxInterest income on nonaccrual loansFinancing Receivable, Nonaccrual, Interest IncomePostretirement benefitsDeferred Tax Assets, Tax Deferred Expense, Compensation and Benefits, Postretirement BenefitsEffective income tax rateEffective Income Tax Rate Reconciliation, PercentOperating lease liabilitiesOperating Lease, LiabilityTotal pre-tax changes in postretirement benefit obligation recognized in other comprehensive incomeOther Comprehensive (Income) Loss, Defined Benefit Plan, after Reclassification Adjustment, before Tax661 - 700Credit Score 661 to 700 [Member]Represents the credit score between 661 to 700, which is provided by credit bureau score card model and is used in the underwriting process.Dividends paid on unvested shares recognized as compensation expenseDividend Paid on Unvested SharesRepresents the dividend paid on unvested shares.Unrealized securities holding gains (losses)OCI, Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Unrealized Holding Gain (Loss), before Adjustment and TaxTotal Shareholder Return Vs Peer GroupTotal Shareholder Return Vs Peer Group [Text Block]Vesting [Domain]Vesting [Domain]Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)AOCI Attributable to Parent [Member]Aggregate Erroneous Compensation AmountAggregate Erroneous Compensation AmountExpense for the company plan contributionsDefined Contribution Plan, CostAll Executive CategoriesAll Executive Categories [Member]Liabilities, Net AmountDerivative Liability, Including Not Subject to Master Netting Arrangement, after Offset and DeductionOther, netEffective Income Tax Rate Reconciliation, Other Adjustments, AmountAccumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) [Table]Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) [Table]Total non-interest expenseNoninterest ExpenseTotal certificate of deposit accountsCertificates of depositTime DepositsPostretirement BenefitsAccumulated Defined Benefit Plans Adjustment Attributable to Parent [Member]Plan Name [Axis]Plan Name [Axis]Debt Disclosure [Abstract]Debt Disclosure [Abstract]Assets, Gross Amounts Not Offset in the Statement of Financial Position, Financial Instruments PledgedDerivative Asset, Subject to Master Netting Arrangement, Collateral, Obligation to Return Security Not OffsetTax benefits from vested awardsShare-Based Payment Arrangement, Expense, Tax BenefitAccrued interest on loans and leasesFinancing Receivable, Accrued Interest, after Allowance for Credit LossNumber of reportable segmentsNumber of Reportable SegmentsEarnings per common share:Earnings Per Share [Abstract]Total (as a percent)Banking Regulation, Total Risk-Based Capital Ratio, Capital Adequacy, MinimumCommon stock, $0.01 par value; 200,000,000 shares authorized; 96,998,075 shares issued and 85,177,172 shares issued, respectivelyCommon stock, $0.01 par value; 200,000,000 shares authorized; 96,998,075 shares issued and 85,177,172 shares issued, respectivelyCommon Stock, Value, IssuedCommercial real estateCommercial Real Estate [Member]After 1 year through 5 yearsDebt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Fair Value, Maturity, Allocated and Single Maturity Date, after Year One Through FiveAllowance for investment security lossesDebt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Allowance for Credit Loss, Excluding Accrued InterestOrganization, Consolidation and Presentation of Financial Statements [Abstract]Organization, Consolidation and Presentation of Financial Statements [Abstract]Trade nameTrade Names [Member]Income tax (expense) benefitOther Comprehensive Income (Loss), Defined Benefit Plan, Gain (Loss), Reclassification Adjustment from AOCI, TaxCollateral postedCollateral Already Posted, Aggregate Fair ValueCertificate of deposit accountsInterest-Bearing Domestic Deposit, Certificates of DepositsSchedule of Loan and Lease Balances for the Originated and Acquired PortfoliosSchedule of Loans by Type [Table Text Block]Tabular disclosure of various types of loans given by the entity, presented by loan type.Deferred provision (benefit)Deferred Income Tax Expense (Benefit), Continuing Operations [Abstract]Schedule of Defined Benefit Plans Disclosures [Table]Schedule of Defined Benefit Plans Disclosures [Table]Financing Receivable, Information by Credit Score [Axis]Financing Receivable, Information by Credit Score [Axis]Information by credit score provided by credit bureau score card model.Revenue from Contract with Customer [Abstract]Revenue from Contract with Customer [Abstract]All IndividualsAll Individuals [Member]Entity Filer CategoryEntity Filer CategoryNon-PEO NEO Average Total Compensation AmountNon-PEO NEO Average Total Compensation AmountStatement [Table]Statement [Table]Current Fiscal Year End DateCurrent Fiscal Year End DateStock repurchase program, authorized amountStock Repurchase Program, Authorized AmountSchedule of Reconciliation of Effective Income Tax ExpenseSchedule of Effective Income Tax Rate Reconciliation [Table Text Block]Equity compensation plans not approved by security holdersEquity Compensation Not Approved Plan [Member]Equity Compensation Not Approved PlanSchedule of Hedged Forecasted Transaction Affects EarningsSchedule of Cash Flow Hedges Included in Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) [Table Text Block]Unrecognized tax benefitsUnrecognized Tax BenefitsPEO NamePEO NameIncome before equity in undistributed income of subsidiariesIncome (Loss) Before Distributions In Excess Of Net Income of SubsidiariesRepresents the income before distribution in excess of net income of subsidiaries.Year OneFinancing Receivable, Excluding Accrued Interest, Year One, Originated, Current Fiscal YearPassPass [Member]Fair Value, by Balance Sheet Grouping [Table]Fair Value, by Balance Sheet Grouping [Table]Condensed Financial Information Disclosure [Abstract]Condensed Financial Information Disclosure [Abstract]Authorized serial preferred stock (in shares)Preferred Stock, Shares AuthorizedNOW accountsDeposits Negotiable Order of Withdrawal NOW Weighted Average RateThe weighted average interest rate for notice of withdrawal demand deposit liabilities.Supplemental retirement planSupplemental Employee Retirement Plan [Member]Over 5 yearsFederal Home Loan Bank Advances Callable Amount after Five Years of Balance Sheet DateRepresents the amount of Federal Home Loan Bank advances outstanding which are callable after five years of the Balance Sheet date.Loans and LeasesFinancing Receivables [Text Block]Discount from the results of the certificate of deposit valuationBusiness Combination, Provisional Information, Initial Accounting Incomplete, Adjustment, DepositsBusiness Combination, Provisional Information, Initial Accounting Incomplete, Adjustment, DepositsSchedule of Changes in the Carrying Value of GoodwillSchedule of Goodwill [Table Text Block]Other non-interest incomeNoninterest Income, Other [Member]Noninterest Income, Other [Member]Schedule of Federal Home Loan Bank AdvancesSchedule of Federal Home Loan Bank, Advances, by Branch of FHLB Bank [Table Text Block]Schedule of Investments in Affordable Housing ProjectsInvestment [Table Text Block]Minimum capital adequacy amountMinimum Capital Adequacy [Abstract]-- None. No documentation exists for this element. --Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Loss [Line Items]Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Loss [Line Items]Pay down of intercompany loan to Brookline BankIssuance Of Intercompany LoansIssuance Of Intercompany LoansBorrowingsBusiness Combination, Recognized Identifiable Assets Acquired and Liabilities Assumed, Current Liabilities, BorrowingsBusiness Combination, Recognized Identifiable Assets Acquired and Liabilities Assumed, Current Liabilities, BorrowingsTier 1 (as a percent)Banking Regulation, Tier 1 Risk-Based Capital Ratio, Capital Adequacy, MinimumNet interest incomeBusiness Acquisition, Pro Forma Interest Income (Expense), NetBusiness Acquisition, Pro Forma Interest Income (Expense), NetNonrecurring basisFair Value, Nonrecurring [Member]Included in comprehensive incomeFair Value, Measurement with Unobservable Inputs Reconciliation, Recurring Basis, Asset, Gain (Loss) Included in Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)Net actuarial (loss) gainOther Comprehensive Income (Loss), Defined Benefit Plan, Gain (Loss) Arising During Period, before TaxCertificate of deposit accounts maturing:Maturities of Time Deposits [Abstract]Directors' feesNoninterest Expense Directors FeesAccounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items]Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items]Fixed interest rateDebt Instrument, Interest Rate, Stated PercentageStatement of Financial Position [Abstract]Statement of Financial Position [Abstract]Debt securities, measurement inputDebt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Measurement InputTotal stockholders' equityBalance beginning of periodBalance end of periodEquity, Attributable to ParentSchedule of Finite-Lived Intangible Assets [Table]Schedule of Finite-Lived Intangible Assets [Table]Over 3 years to 4 yearsFederal Home Loan Bank, Advance, Maturity, Year FourNumber of Securities to Be Issued Upon Exercise of Outstanding Options, Warrants, and rights (a)Restricted Stock [Member]Schedule of Quantitative Information About Significant Unobservable Inputs (level 3) for Assets Measured at Fair Value on Recurring BasisFair Value Measurement Inputs and Valuation Techniques [Table Text Block]Common equity Tier 1 capital ratio, Actual, Ratio (as a percent)Tier One Common Capital RatioTier One Common Capital RatioOver 3 years to 4 yearsFederal Home Loan Bank Advances Callable Amount from Three to Four Years of Balance Sheet DateRepresents the amount of Federal Home Loan Bank advances outstanding which are callable from three to four years of the Balance Sheet date.Finite-Lived Intangible Assets, Major Class Name [Domain]Finite-Lived Intangible Assets, Major Class Name [Domain]Total troubled debt restructuringsTotal troubled debt restructuringsFinancing Receivable, Excluding Accrued Interest, Modified, AccumulatedInterest rate period 1Debt Instrument, Interest Rate, Period One [Member]Debt Instrument, Interest Rate, Period One [Member]Schedule of Changes in Plan Assets and Benefit ObligationSchedule of Defined Benefit Plans Disclosures [Table Text Block]Income before provision for income taxesIncome (Loss) from Continuing Operations before Income Taxes, Noncontrolling InterestU.S. Treasury bondsUS Treasury Bond Securities [Member]Non-interest incomeBusiness Acquisition, Pro Forma Noninterest IncomeBusiness Acquisition, Pro Forma Noninterest IncomeYear twoFinancing Receivable, Excluding Accrued Interest, Year Two, Originated, Fiscal Year before Current Fiscal Year, WriteoffDerivatives not designed as hedging instrumentsNot Designated as Hedging Instrument [Member]Age analysis of past due loansFinancing Receivable, Past Due [Line Items]Hedging Designation [Domain]Hedging Designation [Domain]Level 2Fair Value, Inputs, Level 2 [Member]Year TwoFinancing Receivable, Excluding Accrued Interest, Year Two, Originated, Fiscal Year before Current Fiscal YearCombination - Maturity Extension and Significant Payment DelaysCombination - Maturity Extension and Significant Payment Delays [Member]Combination - Maturity Extension and Significant Payment DelaysEstimated net credit risk exposureCredit Derivative, Maximum Exposure, UndiscountedInterest-bearing deposits:Interest Expense, Deposits [Abstract]Risk-based capital:Tier One Risk Based, Required For Fully Phased In Capital Adequacy Purposes Plus Capital Conservation Buffer [Abstract]Tier One Risk Based, Required for Fully Phased in Capital Adequacy Purposes plus Capital Conservation Buffer [Abstract]Provisions for credit lossesProvision for Loan, Lease, and Other Losses [Abstract]Condensed Income Statement [Table]Condensed Income Statement [Table]Net assets acquiredBusiness Combination, Recognized Identifiable Assets Acquired and Liabilities Assumed, NetSchedule of Gain (Loss) on DerivativesDerivative Instruments, Gain (Loss) [Table Text Block]Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' EquityIncrease (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]Named Executive Officers, FootnoteNamed Executive Officers, Footnote [Text Block]Loans modified to trouble debt restructuringsFinancing Receivable, Modified, Commitment to LendLoan Commitments, Nature [Domain]Loan Commitments, Nature [Domain]An existing condition, situation, or set of circumstances involving uncertainty as to possible commitments to an enterprise that will ultimately be resolved when one or more future events occur or fail to occur.Over 4 years to 5 yearsFederal Home Loan Bank Advances Callable Amount from Four to Five Years of Balance Sheet DateRepresents the amount of Federal Home Loan Bank advances outstanding which are callable from four to five years of the Balance Sheet date.Document Fiscal Period FocusDocument Fiscal Period FocusIntangible asset, useful lifeFinite-Lived Intangible Asset, Useful Life2027Lessee, Operating Lease, Liability, to be Paid, Year FourWeighted AverageWeighted Average [Member](Loss) in OCI on derivatives (effective portion), net of taxGain (Loss) in OCI on Derivatives, Effective Portion, Net of TaxGain (Loss) in OCI on Derivatives, Effective Portion, Net of TaxCombination maturity, principal, interest rateCombination of Extended Maturity Adjusted Principal and Adjusted Interest Rate [Member]Represents the combination of extension of maturity of loans, adjustment of principal and adjustment of interest rate on loans by troubled debt restructurings related to financing receivables.Reserve for unfunded creditsOff-Balance-Sheet, Credit Loss, LiabilityCity Area CodeCity Area CodeFinancial Asset, Period Past Due [Domain]Financial Asset, Aging [Domain]Earnings per Share ("EPS")Earnings Per Share [Text Block]Product and Service [Axis]Product and Service [Axis]Accrued liabilities with deferred compensation planDeferred Compensation Arrangement with Individual, Recorded LiabilityDebt securities, available-for-sale, weighted average risk of assetsDebt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Weighted Average Risk of AssetsDebt Securities, 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Available-for-Sale, Gain (Loss), before Adjustment and Tax [Abstract]On nonaccrualFinancing Receivable, Modifications, Excluding Accrued Interest, Recorded Investment, On NonaccrualFinancing Receivable, Modifications, Excluding Accrued Interest, Recorded Investment, On NonaccrualTotal interest-bearing depositsInterest-Bearing Deposit LiabilitiesTier 1 leverage capitalBanking Regulation, Tier 1 Leverage Capital, Capital Adequacy, MinimumReceivables [Abstract]Receivables [Abstract]Exercise PriceAward Exercise PriceFinite-Lived Intangible Assets by Major Class [Axis]Finite-Lived Intangible Assets by Major Class [Axis]Schedule of Stockholders' Equity Note, Warrants or RightsSchedule of Stockholders' Equity Note, Warrants or Rights [Table Text Block]Summary of DepositsSchedule of Deposits [Table Text Block]Tabular disclosure of different types of deposits of the entity.Tier 1 leverage capitalBanking Regulation, Tier 1 Leverage Capital, ActualGoodwill and Intangible Assets Disclosure [Abstract]Goodwill and Intangible Assets Disclosure [Abstract]Cash flows from financing activities:Net Cash Provided by (Used in) Financing Activities, Continuing Operations [Abstract]Capitalized financing costsDebt Issuance Costs, GrossDemand checking accountsDemand Deposit AccountsTerm increase from modificationFinancing Receivable, Modified, Weighted Average Term Increase from ModificationRepossessed assetsRepossessed Vehicles and Equipment [Member]Represents the vehicles and equipment obtained in full or partial satisfaction of a debt arrangement through foreclosure proceedings or defeasance.Savings accountsDeposits Savings Deposits Weighted Average RateThe weighted average interest rate for savings deposit liabilities.Less reclassification adjustments for securities gains (losses) included in net income:Other Comprehensive Income (Loss), Securities, Available-For-Sale, Reclassification Adjustments Before Tax [Abstract]Other Comprehensive Income (Loss), Securities, Available-for-sale, Reclassification Adjustments Before Tax [Abstract]Cash flow hedges:Other Comprehensive Income (Loss), Cash Flow Hedge, Gain (Loss), after Reclassification and Tax [Abstract]Accretion adjustmentAccretion (Amortization) of Discounts and Premiums, InvestmentsOccupancyOccupancy, NetTotal liabilities and stockholders' equityLiabilities and EquityPeer Group Total Shareholder Return AmountPeer Group Total Shareholder Return AmountRight-of-use asset operating leasesOperating lease right-of-use assetsOperating Lease, Right-of-Use AssetCash and due from banksCash and Due from BanksSchedule of Long-term Debt Instruments [Table]Schedule of Long-Term Debt Instruments [Table]Allowance for Credit LossesAllowance for Credit Losses [Text Block]Loan Commitments by Nature of Commitments [Axis]Loan Commitments by Nature of Commitments [Axis]Quantifies and describes each commitment that exists as of the balance sheet date, by nature of the probable or possible commitment incurred.Equity Valuation Assumption Difference, FootnoteEquity Valuation Assumption Difference, Footnote [Text Block]30-60 Days Past DueFinancial Asset, 30 to 60 Days Past Due [Member]Financial Asset, 30 to 60 Days Past DueSchedule of Debt Instruments [Line Items]Schedule of Debt Instruments [Line Items]Schedule of Debt Instruments [Line Items]Indefinite-lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]Indefinite-Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]Collateral PledgedCollateral Pledged [Member]Discount rate used to determine the actuarial present value of projected postretirement benefit obligations (as a percent)Defined Benefit Plan, Assumptions Used Calculating Benefit Obligation, Discount RateArrangement DurationTrading Arrangement DurationEffect of 1% decrease on the accumulated postretirement benefit obligationDefined Benefit Plan, Effect of One-Percentage-Point Decrease on Accumulated Postretirement Benefit ObligationCommercial real estate loansCommercial Real EstateCommercial Real EstateCommercial Real Estate Portfolio Segment [Member]Entity Address, City or TownEntity Address, City or TownAward Timing MNPI ConsideredAward Timing MNPI Considered [Flag]Specific allowance for loan and lease losses period increaseSpecific Allowance For Loan And Lease Losses Period Increase (Decrease)Specific Allowance For Loan And Lease Losses Period Increase (Decrease)First Ipswich BancorpFirst Ipswich Bancorp [Member]Represents the acquisition of First Ipswich Bancorp, the bank holding company for the First Ipswich.Energy tax creditsEffective Income Tax Rate Reconciliation, Tax Credit, AmountFair Value MeasurementsFair Value of Financial Instruments, Policy [Policy Text Block]Borrowed fundsTotal interest expense on borrowed fundsInterest Expense, BorrowingsTermination DateTrading Arrangement Termination DateOperating leases - liabilityDeferred Tax Liabilities, Operating Right-Of-Use AssetsDeferred Tax Liabilities, Operating Right-Of-Use AssetsCommon stock, authorized (in shares)Common Stock, Shares AuthorizedConstructionConstruction Loans [Member]Financing Receivable, Past Due [Table]Financing Receivable, Past Due [Table]Estimated fair valueDebt Securities, Available-for-SaleTotalBanking Regulation, Total Risk-Based Capital, Well Capitalized, MinimumVesting, First AnniversaryVesting, First Anniversary [Member]Vesting, First Anniversary [Member]Financial Asset, Period Past Due [Axis]Financial Asset, Aging [Axis]Summary of Investment Holdings [Line Items]Investment in housing programsSummary of Investment Holdings [Line Items]Gross Unrealized GainsDebt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Accumulated Gross Unrealized Gain, before TaxMaximum outstanding at any month-endShort-Term Debt, Maximum Month-end Outstanding AmountNon-interest income of acquiree since acquisition dateBusiness Combination, Pro Forma Information, Noninterest Income of Acquiree since Acquisition Date, ActualBusiness Combination, Pro Forma Information, Noninterest Income of Acquiree since Acquisition Date, ActualIndefinite-lived Intangible Assets [Axis]Indefinite-Lived Intangible Assets [Axis]Investment securities available-for-sale:Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Unrealized Loss Position, Accumulated Loss [Abstract]Qualifying collateral available for FHLB borrowingsFederal Home Loan Bank, Advances, General Debt Obligations, Maximum Amount AvailableWeighted Average RateAvailable-For-Sale Securities Debt Maturities Weighted Average RateRepresents the weighted average rate of available-for-sale debt securities.Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided from operating activities:Adjustments to Reconcile Net Income (Loss) to Cash Provided by (Used in) Operating Activities [Abstract]Defaulted, recorded investmentFinancing Receivable, Excluding Accrued Interest, Modified, Subsequent DefaultMeasurement Input Type [Axis]Measurement Input Type [Axis](Decrease) increase in demand checking, NOW, savings and money market accountsDecrease In Demand Deposits And Saving DepositsThe net cash inflow (outflow) in the total of all demand deposits (including checking and negotiable order of withdrawal (NOW) accounts and saving deposits (which may include passbook, statement savings accounts and money-market deposit accounts (MMDAs) classified as cash flows from financing activities.Derivatives and Hedging ActivitiesDerivative [Line Items]Award Timing Disclosures [Line Items]Tier 1 leverage capital ratio (as a percent)Banking Regulation, Tier 1 Leverage Capital Ratio, ActualNEW YORKNEW YORKRestricted stock and stock option plansDeferred Tax Assets, Tax Deferred Expense, Compensation and Benefits, Employee BenefitsTotal assets acquiredBusiness Combination, Recognized Identifiable Assets Acquired and Liabilities Assumed, AssetsSchedule of Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Table]Schedule of Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Table]Assets, Gross Amounts Not Offset in the Statement of Financial Position, Cash Collateral PledgedDerivative Asset, Subject to Master Netting Arrangement, Collateral, Obligation to Return Cash Not OffsetAverage outstanding for the yearShort-Term Debt, Average Outstanding AmountReceive fixed, pay variableLoan Level Derivative, Receive Fixed Pay Variable [Member]Loan Level Derivative, Receive Fixed Pay Variable [Member]Less reclassification adjustment for change in fair value of cash flow hedges:Other Comprehensive Income (Loss), Cash Flow Hedge, Gain (Loss), after Reclassification, before Tax [Abstract]After 5 years through 10 yearsDebt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Fair Value, Maturity, Allocated and Single Maturity Date, after Year 5 Through 10Current-period gross writeoffsFinancing Receivable, Excluding Accrued Interest, Allowance for Credit Loss, Writeoff, by Origination Year [Abstract]Total loans and leasesBalanceTotal Loans and LeasesTotal, loans and leasesFinancing Receivable, Excluding Accrued Interest, before Allowance for Credit LossPledged Status [Domain]Pledged Status [Domain]DoubtfulDoubtful [Member]Non-interest-bearing deposits:Noninterest-Bearing Deposit Liabilities, by Component [Abstract]Ultimate health care trend rate after 2020 (as a percent)Defined Benefit Plan, Ultimate Health Care Cost Trend RateUnfunded credit commitments liability, collectively evaluatedUnfunded Credit Commitments Liability, Collectively EvaluatedUnfunded Credit Commitments Liability, Collectively EvaluatedIncome TaxesIncome Tax, Policy [Policy Text Block]2026Finite-Lived Intangible Asset, Expected Amortization, Year ThreeLoan Restructuring Modification [Axis]Loan Restructuring Modification [Axis]General allowance for loan and lease lossesGeneral Allowance For Loan And Lease LossesReflects the general allowance for bad debts arising from loan and lease portfolios.Municipal obligationsMunicipal Bonds [Member](Decrease) increase in other borrowed funds, netProceeds from (Repayments of) Other DebtInsider Trading Arrangements [Line Items]AOCI Attributable to Parent, Net of Tax [Roll Forward]AOCI Attributable to Parent, Net of Tax [Roll Forward]InsuranceGeneral Insurance ExpenseTotal certificate of deposit accountsTime Deposits Weighted Average Interest Rate MaturitiesWeighted average interest rate for time deposits held by the entity.Related Party [Axis]Related Party, Type [Axis]Change in the total amounts of loans and advances, all of which were performingLoans and Leases Receivable, Related Parties [Roll Forward](Loss) gain on sales of OREOGains (Losses) on Sales of Other Real EstateFRB interest bearing reserveInterest-Bearing Deposits in Banks and Other Financial InstitutionsEntity Registrant NameEntity Registrant NameMaterial Terms of Trading ArrangementMaterial Terms of Trading Arrangement [Text Block]Award Timing MethodAward Timing Method [Text Block]Other assetsIncrease (Decrease) in Other Operating Assets2025Finite-Lived Intangible Asset, Expected Amortization, Year TwoAdjustment to Compensation, AmountAdjustment to Compensation AmountVesting after achievement of performance targetsShare-Based Payment Arrangement, Tranche Two [Member]New loans granted during the yearFinancing Receivable, Related Parties, New Loans GrantedFinancing Receivable, Related Parties, New Loans GrantedDeferred tax liabilities:Components of Deferred Tax Liabilities [Abstract]Net operating loss carryforwardsDeferred Tax Assets Operating Loss Carryforwards and Contribution CarryoversAmount before allocation of valuation allowances of deferred tax asset attributable to deductible operating loss carryforwards and contribution carryovers.After 5 years through 10 yearsDebt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Weighted Average Yield, Maturity, after Year 5 Through 10Auditor NameAuditor NameCompensation Actually Paid vs. Net IncomeCompensation Actually Paid vs. Net Income [Text Block]Supplemental Executive Retirement PlansDeferred Tax Assets, Tax Deferred Expense, Compensation And Benefits, Supplemental Executive Retirement PlansDeferred Tax Assets, Tax Deferred Expense, Compensation And Benefits, Supplemental Executive Retirement PlansPeer Group Issuers, FootnotePeer Group Issuers, Footnote [Text Block]Restricted stock awards, net of awards surrenderedStock Issued During Period, Value, Restricted Stock Award, Net of ForfeituresPremises and equipment, accumulated depreciation and amortizationAccumulated depreciation and amortizationAccumulated Depreciation, Depletion and Amortization, Property, Plant, and EquipmentTotal core deposit accountsWeighted Average Rate Transaction DepositsThe weighted average interest rate for all transaction deposit liabilities.Accounts Notes Loans and Financing Receivable by Receivable Nature [Domain]Accounts Notes Loans and Financing Receivable by Receivable Nature [Domain]Itemization of the nature of trade accounts and notes receivable that represent amounts due the entity for goods or services that have been delivered or sold in the normal course of business.Entity Central Index KeyEntity Central Index KeyLiabilities:Liabilities, Fair Value Disclosure [Abstract]Gain (loss) recognized in incomeDerivative, Gain (Loss) on Derivative, NetShare-based expenseShare-Based Payment Arrangement, ExpenseEstimated fair value of debt securities have right to call or prepay the obligations, scheduled maturities after five years through ten yearsCallable Securities Debt, Maturities After Five Through Ten Years, Fair ValueThis item represents the fair value of debt securities that have right to call or prepay the obligation which are expected to mature after five year and through ten years from the balance sheet date and which are categorized neither as held-to-maturity nor trading securities.Non-Rule 10b5-1 Arrangement TerminatedNon-Rule 10b5-1 Arrangement Terminated [Flag]Over 2 years to 3 yearsFederal Home Loan Bank, Advance, Maturity, Average Interest Rate, Year ThreeGross AmountFinite-Lived Intangible Assets, GrossCondominium associationCommercial Loans Condominium Association Receivable [Member]Class of financing receivables related to condominium associations.Short-term investmentsInterest and Dividend Income, Short Term InvestmentInterest income on cash equivalents.Common stock held by ESOP committed to be releasedAmortization of ESOP AwardNameTrading Arrangement, Individual NameChanges in generic pricing of securities period one, considered for analyzing changes in prices obtained from pricing service (in years)Changes In Generic Pricing Of Securities Period One Considered For Analyzing Changes In Prices Obtained From Pricing ServiceChanges In Generic Pricing Of Securities Period One Considered For Analyzing Changes In Prices Obtained From Pricing ServiceTotal temporarily impaired investment securitiesDebt Securities, Available-for-Sale and Held-to-Maturity, after Allowance for Credit Loss [Abstract]Unrealized loss on investment securities available-for-saleDeferred Tax Asset, Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Unrealized LossFHLB overnight depositsFederal Home Loan Bank, Overnight BorrowingsFederal Home Loan Bank, Overnight BorrowingsAdjustment of accumulated obligation for postretirement benefitsOther Comprehensive Income (Loss), Defined Benefit Plan, Gain (Loss), Reclassification Adjustment from AOCI, before TaxEntity [Domain]Entity [Domain]Collateral-dependent impaired loans and leasesCollateral Dependent Impaired Loans [Member]Represents collateral dependent impaired loan, where such impairment occurs when the present value of expected cash flows discounted at the loan's effective interest rate, or, alternatively, a loan's observable market price or fair value of the underlying collateral is less than the carrying amount of the loan, and sets forth the amount of the loss.Increase (decrease) in certificates of deposit and brokered certificates of depositIncrease (Decrease) In Time Deposits, RetailThe net cash inflow (outflow) in the total of all retail time deposits.Long-term Debt, Type [Axis]Long-Term Debt, Type [Axis]Significant Payment DelaysPayment Deferral [Member]Amendment FlagAmendment FlagLoss Recognized in Income on DerivativesDerivative, Gain (Loss) on Derivative, Net [Abstract]Other intangibe assets:Finite-Lived Intangible Assets, Net [Abstract]Legal Entity [Axis]Legal Entity [Axis]Liabilities, Gross Amounts Offset in the Statement of Financial PositionDerivative Liability, Subject to Master Netting Arrangement, Asset OffsetGain (loss) on sales of securities, netOther Comprehensive Income (Loss), Reclassification Adjustment from AOCI for Sale of Securities, before TaxRisk-based capital:Tier One Risk Based, Capital Classified as Well Capitalized Ratio [Abstract]-- None. No documentation exists for this element. --Identified intangible assets and goodwillDeferred Tax Assets, Goodwill and Intangible AssetsOperating leasesOperating Lease, Weighted Average Discount Rate, PercentInterest on deposits, borrowed funds and subordinated debtInterest Paid, Excluding Capitalized Interest, Operating ActivitiesNet interest incomeInterest Income (Expense), NetOperating leases assetsRight-of-Use Asset Obtained in Exchange for Operating Lease AssetsRight-of-Use Asset Obtained in Exchange for Operating Lease AssetsAssets:Assets, Fair Value Disclosure [Abstract]Within 1 yearDebt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Fair Value, Maturity, Allocated and Single Maturity Date, Year OneOver 4 years to 5 yearsFederal Home Loan Bank, Advance, Maturity, Year FiveAmortized CostRecorded investment, at end of periodFinancing Receivable, Excluding Accrued Interest, Modified in Period, AmountPerforming and Nonperforming Financial InstrumentsPerforming and Nonperforming Financial Instruments [Member]Performing and Nonperforming Financial InstrumentsCore depositsCore Deposits [Member]Performance standby letters of creditLetter of Credit Facility Remaining Borrowing Capacity for Performance Standby Letters of CreditAmount of borrowing capacity currently available under the performance standby letters of credit facility (current borrowing capacity less the amount of borrowings outstanding).Business CombinationsBusiness Combinations Policy [Policy Text Block]Non-credit discountFinancing Receivable, Purchased with Credit Deterioration, Discount (Premium)Year fourFinancing Receivable, Excluding Accrued Interest, Year Four, Originated, Three Years before Current Fiscal Year, WriteoffCommercial Real Estate RelationshipCRE RelationshipCommercial Real Estate Relationship [Member]Commercial Real Estate RelationshipRegulatory Capital Requirements Under Banking Regulations [Abstract]Regulatory Capital Requirements Under Banking Regulations [Abstract]Regulatory Capital Requirements Under Banking RegulationsRisk-based capital:Tier One Risk Based, Capital Classified as Well Capitalized [Abstract]-- None. No documentation exists for this element. --Schedule of Sales of Investment SecuritiesGain (Loss) on Securities [Table Text Block]Over 700Credit Score Greater than 700 [Member]Represents the credit score greater than 700, which is provided by credit bureau score card model and is used in the underwriting process.Diluted (in shares)Adjusted weighted average shares outstanding (in shares)Weighted Average Number of Shares Outstanding, DilutedForgone Recovery, Explanation of ImpracticabilityForgone Recovery, Explanation of Impracticability [Text Block]Notional Amount Maturing, ThereafterDerivative, Notional Amount Maturing After Four YearsDerivative, Notional Amount Maturing After Four YearsGain (loss) on sales of securities, netDebt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Realized Gain (Loss)Equipment financingCommercial Loans Equipment Financing Loans [Member]Represents the commercial loans related to equipment financing.PCSB BankPCSB Bank [Member]PCSB BankAsset derivativesOffsetting Derivative Assets [Abstract]Gross losses from salesDebt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Realized LossPurchase of premises and equipment, netPurchase of premises and equipmentPayments to Acquire Property, Plant, and EquipmentCompany Selected Measure AmountCompany Selected Measure AmountNOW accountsInterest Expense, Negotiable Order of Withdrawal (NOW) DepositsTotal assetsAssetsNameAwards Close in Time to MNPI Disclosures, Individual NameAllowance for credit loss, start of revision, period from forecast start dateAllowance For Credit Loss, Start of Revision, Period From Forecast Start DateAllowance For Credit Loss, Start of Revision, Period From Forecast Start DateProceeds from sales of investment securities available-for-saleProceeds From Sale Of Available-For-Sale And Restricted SecuritiesProceeds From Sale Of Available-For-Sale And Restricted SecuritiesCollectively evaluated, allowance for loan and lease lossesFinancing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Losses, Collectively Evaluated for ImpairmentCompensation under recognition and retention plansAPIC, Share-Based Payment Arrangement, Increase for Cost RecognitionTotal, estimated fair valueAvailable-For-Sale And Held-To-Maturity Securities, Continuous Unrealized Loss Position, Fair ValueAvailable-For-Sale And Held-To-Maturity Securities, Continuous Unrealized Loss Position, Fair ValueCompensation and employee benefitsLabor and Related ExpenseVested (in dollars per share)Share-Based Compensation Arrangement by Share-Based Payment Award, Equity Instruments Other than Options, Vested in Period, Weighted Average Grant Date Fair ValueNon-NEOsNon-NEOs [Member]GSE CMOsCollateralized Mortgage Obligations Issued by US Government Sponsored Enterprises [Member]Securities collateralized by mortgage obligations issued by U.S. government sponsored enterprises.Schedule of Merger-related ExpensesSchedule of Business Combination, Acquisition Related Costs [Table Text Block]Schedule of Business Combination, Acquisition Related CostsDeposits pledged as collateralDeposits Pledged as CollateralRepresents the amount of deposits which serve as collateral to partially or fully secure a debt obligation, repurchase agreement or other current or potential obligation, and for which the transferee is not permitted to sell or re-pledge them to an unrelated party.Postretirement benefits:Other Comprehensive (Income) Loss, Defined Benefit Plan, after Reclassification Adjustment, after Tax [Abstract]Pension PlanPension Plan [Member]Notional Amount Maturing, Less than 4 yearsDerivative, Notional Amount Maturing In Four YearsDerivative, Notional Amount Maturing In Four YearsFair Value, Assets Measured on Recurring Basis, Unobservable Input Reconciliation, Calculation [Roll Forward]Fair Value, Assets Measured on Recurring Basis, Unobservable Input Reconciliation, Calculation [Roll Forward]Total, unrealized lossesAvailable-For-Sale And Held-To-Maturity Securities, Continuous Unrealized Loss Position, Accumulated LossAvailable-For-Sale And Held-To-Maturity Securities, Continuous Unrealized Loss Position, Accumulated LossClassified as well capitalizedClassified as Well Capitalized [Abstract]-- None. No documentation exists for this element. --Non-PEO NEONon-PEO NEO [Member]Other consumerLine of Credit Facility Remaining Borrowing Capacity for OtherAmount of borrowing capacity currently available under the other than equity credit facility (current borrowing capacity less the amount of borrowings outstanding).Adjustment to Compensation:Adjustment to Compensation [Axis]Right-of-use asset - operating leasesDeferred Tax Assets, Operating Lease LiabilitiesDeferred Tax Assets, Operating Lease LiabilitiesCurrent Rate PaidDerivative, Swaption Interest RateAssets, Gross Amounts Offset in the Statement of Financial PositionDerivative Asset, Subject to Master Netting Arrangement, Liability OffsetDebt Instrument [Line Items]Debt Instrument [Line Items]Basic (in shares)Weighted average shares outstanding (in shares)Weighted Average Number of Shares Outstanding, BasicFair value inputs, basis spread (as a percent)Fair Value Inputs, Basis SpreadFair Value Inputs, Basis SpreadDepreciationDeferred Tax Liabilities, Property, Plant and EquipmentWithin six monthsTime Deposits Weighted Average Interest Rate Maturities Six MonthsWeighted average interest rate for time deposits held by the entity with maturities of six months or less.Tier 1Banking Regulation, Tier 1 Risk-Based Capital, ActualSchedule of Indefinite-Lived Intangible Assets [Table]Schedule of Indefinite-Lived Intangible Assets [Table]Buys foreign currency, sells U.S. currencyLong [Member]Schedule of Loan Commitments [Table]Schedule of Loan Commitments [Table]Discloses the specific components of the outstanding commitments to originate loans.After 2 years but within 3 yearsTime Deposit Maturities, Year ThreePay vs Performance DisclosurePay vs Performance Disclosure [Table]Cash flows from operating activities:Net Cash Provided by (Used in) Operating Activities, Continuing Operations [Abstract]Statement [Line Items]Statement [Line Items]Restricted Investments Note [Abstract]Restricted Investments Note [Abstract]Rental incomeRental Income, NonoperatingDeath benefitLife Settlement Contracts, Investment Method, Face ValueSchedule of Borrowed FundsSchedule of Debt [Table Text Block]Schedule of Investment Securities Available-for-saleDebt Securities, Available-for-Sale [Table Text Block]Investment Holdings [Table]Summary of Investment Holdings [Table]Amortized CostDebt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Amortized Cost, Fiscal Year Maturity [Abstract]EX-101.PRE
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Portions of the Registrant’s Proxy Statement for the 2024 Annual Meeting of Shareholders are incorporated herein by reference in Part III of this Annual Report on Form 10-K to the extent stated herein. Such proxy statement will be filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission within 120 days of the Registrant’s fiscal year ending December 31, 2023.
Fiscal period values are FY, Q1, Q2, and Q3. 1st, 2nd and 3rd quarter 10-Q or 10-QT statements have value Q1, Q2, and Q3 respectively, with 10-K, 10-KT or other fiscal year statements having FY.
This is focus fiscal year of the document report in YYYY format. For a 2006 annual report, which may also provide financial information from prior periods, fiscal 2006 should be given as the fiscal year focus. Example: 2006.
For the EDGAR submission types of Form 8-K: the date of the report, the date of the earliest event reported; for the EDGAR submission types of Form N-1A: the filing date; for all other submission types: the end of the reporting or transition period. The format of the date is YYYY-MM-DD.
The type of document being provided (such as 10-K, 10-Q, 485BPOS, etc). The document type is limited to the same value as the supporting SEC submission type, or the word 'Other'.
Indicate number of shares or other units outstanding of each of registrant's classes of capital or common stock or other ownership interests, if and as stated on cover of related periodic report. Where multiple classes or units exist define each class/interest by adding class of stock items such as Common Class A [Member], Common Class B [Member] or Partnership Interest [Member] onto the Instrument [Domain] of the Entity Listings, Instrument.
Indicate 'Yes' or 'No' whether registrants (1) have filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that registrants were required to file such reports), and (2) have been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. This information should be based on the registrant's current or most recent filing containing the related disclosure.
Commission file number. The field allows up to 17 characters. The prefix may contain 1-3 digits, the sequence number may contain 1-8 digits, the optional suffix may contain 1-4 characters, and the fields are separated with a hyphen.
Indicate whether the registrant is one of the following: Large Accelerated Filer, Accelerated Filer, Non-accelerated Filer. Definitions of these categories are stated in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. This information should be based on the registrant's current or most recent filing containing the related disclosure.
Boolean flag that is true when the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files).
The aggregate market value of the voting and non-voting common equity held by non-affiliates computed by reference to the price at which the common equity was last sold, or the average bid and asked price of such common equity, as of the last business day of the registrant's most recently completed second fiscal quarter.
Indicate 'Yes' or 'No' if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act. Is used on Form Type: 10-K, 10-Q, 8-K, 20-F, 6-K, 10-K/A, 10-Q/A, 20-F/A, 6-K/A, N-CSR, N-Q, N-1A.
The summation of accrued expenses and other liabilities. Accrued expenses represent the carrying value as of the balance sheet date of obligations incurred and payable, pertaining to costs that are statutory in nature, are incurred on contractual obligations, or accumulate over time and for which invoices have not yet been received or will not be rendered. Other liabilities represent the carrying amount as of the balance sheet date of liabilities not individually reported in the financial statements or not separately disclosed in notes.
This element represents the cumulative amount of the reporting entity's undistributed earnings or deficit, restricted by the amount of the liquidation account created for distribution to eligible account holder in the unlikely event (and only in the event) of a liquidation.
Includes total investments in debt and equity securities which are categorized neither as held-to-maturity nor trading and investments which are not defined as or included in marketable (debt, equity, or other) securities whose use is restricted in whole or in part, generally by contractual agreements or regulatory requirements.
Value received from shareholders in common stock-related transactions that are in excess of par value or stated value and amounts received from other stock-related transactions. Includes only common stock transactions (excludes preferred stock transactions). May be called contributed capital, capital in excess of par, capital surplus, or paid-in capital.
Carrying amount of accumulated prepayments received by financial institutions from borrowers for taxes (for example, property taxes) and insurance (for example, property and catastrophe) which will periodically be remitted to the appropriate governmental agency or vendor on behalf of the borrower.
Sum of the carrying amounts as of the balance sheet date of all assets that are recognized. Assets are probable future economic benefits obtained or controlled by an entity as a result of past transactions or events.
Amount of currency on hand as well as demand deposits with banks or financial institutions. Includes other kinds of accounts that have the general characteristics of demand deposits. Also includes short-term, highly liquid investments that are both readily convertible to known amounts of cash and so near their maturity that they present insignificant risk of changes in value because of changes in interest rates. Excludes cash and cash equivalents within disposal group and discontinued operation.
For banks and other depository institutions: Includes cash on hand (currency and coin), cash items in process of collection, noninterest bearing deposits due from other financial institutions (including corporate credit unions), and noninterest bearing balances with the Federal Reserve Banks, Federal Home Loan Banks and central banks.
Amount of short-term, highly liquid investments that are both readily convertible to known amounts of cash and so near their maturity that they present insignificant risk of changes in value because of changes in interest rates. Excludes cash and cash equivalents within disposal group and discontinued operation.
Represents the caption on the face of the balance sheet to indicate that the entity has entered into (1) purchase or supply arrangements that will require expending a portion of its resources to meet the terms thereof, and (2) is exposed to potential losses or, less frequently, gains, arising from (a) possible claims against a company's resources due to future performance under contract terms, and (b) possible losses or likely gains from uncertainties that will ultimately be resolved when one or more future events that are deemed likely to occur do occur or fail to occur.
Aggregate par or stated value of issued nonredeemable common stock (or common stock redeemable solely at the option of the issuer). This item includes treasury stock repurchased by the entity. Note: elements for number of nonredeemable common shares, par value and other disclosure concepts are in another section within stockholders' equity.
Amount excluding accrued interest, of allowance for credit loss on investment in debt security measured at fair value with change in fair value recognized in other comprehensive income (available-for-sale).
Amount excluding accrued interest, of investment in debt security measured at fair value with change in fair value recognized in other comprehensive income (available-for-sale).
Amount, after allocation of valuation allowances and deferred tax liability, of deferred tax asset attributable to deductible differences and carryforwards, with jurisdictional netting.
The aggregate of all deposit liabilities held by the entity, including foreign and domestic, interest and noninterest bearing; may include demand deposits, saving deposits, Negotiable Order of Withdrawal (NOW) and time deposits among others.
Amount of deposits in accounts that offer many of the same services as checking accounts although transactions may be somewhat more limited, share some of the characteristics of a money market fund and are insured by the Federal government, also known as money market accounts.
Amount of deposits in interest-bearing transaction accounts at banks or savings and loans, that are restricted in regard to ownership and can usually only be held by individuals, nonprofit entities and governments. Negotiable order of withdrawal accounts differ from money market demand accounts as they typically have higher reserve requirements and no limit on the number of checks that can be written.
Amount of interest bearing deposits with no stated maturity, which may include passbook and statement savings accounts and money-market deposit accounts (MMDAs).
Including both current and noncurrent portions, Federal Home Loan Bank borrowings initially due beyond one year or beyond the normal operating cycle if longer.
Amount after accumulated impairment loss of an asset representing future economic benefits arising from other assets acquired in a business combination that are not individually identified and separately recognized.
Sum of the carrying amounts of all intangible assets, excluding goodwill, as of the balance sheet date, net of accumulated amortization and impairment charges.
Sum of the carrying amounts as of the balance sheet date of all liabilities that are recognized. Liabilities are probable future sacrifices of economic benefits arising from present obligations of an entity to transfer assets or provide services to other entities in the future.
Amount of expected credit loss for credit exposure on off-balance-sheet commitment, including but not limited to, loan commitment, standby letter of credit, financial guarantee not accounted for as insurance. Excludes off-balance sheet credit exposure accounted for as insurance and instrument accounted for under derivatives and hedging.
Carrying amount as of the balance sheet date of other real estate and foreclosed assets. Other real estate may include real estate investments, real estate loans that qualify as investments in real estate, and premises that are no longer used in operations may also be included in real estate owned. Foreclosed assets include all assets obtained in full or partial satisfaction of a debt arrangement through foreclosure proceedings.
Amount after accumulated depreciation, depletion and amortization of physical assets used in the normal conduct of business to produce goods and services and not intended for resale. Examples include, but are not limited to, land, buildings, machinery and equipment, office equipment, and furniture and fixtures.
Investments which are not defined as or included in marketable (debt, equity, or other) securities whose use is restricted in whole or in part, generally by contractual agreements or regulatory requirements. For use in an unclassified balance sheet.
Including the current and noncurrent portions, carrying value as of the balance sheet date of subordinated debt (with initial maturities beyond one year or beyond the operating cycle if longer). Subordinated debt places a lender in a lien position behind debt having a higher priority of repayment in liquidation of the entity's assets.
Amount of accumulated depreciation, depletion and amortization for physical assets used in the normal conduct of business to produce goods and services.
Total number of common shares of an entity that have been sold or granted to shareholders (includes common shares that were issued, repurchased and remain in the treasury). These shares represent capital invested by the firm's shareholders and owners, and may be all or only a portion of the number of shares authorized. Shares issued include shares outstanding and shares held in the treasury.
This element represents equipment expense including depreciation, repairs, rentals, and service contract costs. This item also includes equipment purchases which do not qualify for capitalization in accordance with the entity's accounting policy. This element also includes the data processing expenses.
The aggregate expense charged against earnings to allocate the cost of intangible assets (nonphysical assets not used in production) in a systematic and rational manner to the periods expected to benefit from such assets. As a noncash expense, this element is added back to net income when calculating cash provided by or used in operations using the indirect method.
This element represents acquisition-related costs incurred to effect a business combination which costs have been expensed during the period. Such costs include finder's fees; advisory, legal, accounting, valuation, and other professional or consulting fees; general administrative costs, including the costs of maintaining an internal acquisitions department; and may include costs of registering and issuing debt and equity securities.
Amount, excluding accrued interest, of credit loss expense on investment in debt security measured at fair value with change in fair value recognized in other comprehensive income (available-for-sale) with no credit loss previously recorded.
The amount of net income (loss) for the period available to each share of common stock or common unit outstanding during the reporting period and to each share or unit that would have been outstanding assuming the issuance of common shares or units for all dilutive potential common shares or units outstanding during the reporting period.
Amount of income (loss) from continuing operations, including income (loss) from equity method investments, before deduction of income tax expense (benefit), and income (loss) attributable to noncontrolling interest.
Represents the total of interest and dividend income, including any amortization and accretion (as applicable) of discounts and premiums, earned from (1) loans and leases whether held-for-sale or held-in-portfolio; (2) investment securities; (3) federal funds sold; (4) securities purchased under agreements to resell; (5) investments in banker's acceptances, commercial paper, or certificates of deposit; (6) dividend income; or (7) other investments not otherwise specified herein.
The aggregate interest and fee income generated by: (1) loans the Entity has positive intent and ability to hold for the foreseeable future, or until maturity or payoff, including commercial and consumer loans, whether domestic or foreign, which may consist of: (a) industrial and agricultural; (b) real estate; and (c) real estate construction loans; (d) trade financing; (e) lease financing; (f) home equity lines-of-credit; (g) automobile and other vehicle loans; and (h) credit card and other revolving-type loans and (2) loans and leases held-for-sale which may include mortgage loans, direct financing, and sales-type leases.
Amount of interest income or expense, including any amortization and accretion (as applicable) of discounts and premiums, including consideration of the provisions for loan, lease, credit, and other related losses.
The total amount of noninterest income which may be derived from: (1) fees and commissions; (2) premiums earned; (3) insurance policy charges; (4) the sale or disposal of assets; and (5) other sources not otherwise specified.
Represents the total of noninterest income derived from certain activities and assets including (for example): (1) venture capital investments; (2) bank owned life insurance; (3) foreign currency transactions; and (4) mortgage servicing rights.
Amount of net occupancy expense that may include items, such as depreciation of facilities and equipment, lease expenses, property taxes and property and casualty insurance expense.
A fee charged for services from professionals such as doctors, lawyers and accountants. The term is often expanded to include other professions, for example, pharmacists charging to maintain a medicinal profile of a client or customer.
Amount, including tax collected from customer, of revenue from satisfaction of performance obligation by transferring promised good or service to customer. Tax collected from customer is tax assessed by governmental authority that is both imposed on and concurrent with specific revenue-producing transaction, including, but not limited to, sales, use, value-added and excise.
The average number of shares or units issued and outstanding that are used in calculating diluted EPS or earnings per unit (EPU), determined based on the timing of issuance of shares or units in the period.
Number of [basic] shares or units, after adjustment for contingently issuable shares or units and other shares or units not deemed outstanding, determined by relating the portion of time within a reporting period that common shares or units have been outstanding to the total time in that period.
Amount after tax of increase (decrease) in equity from transactions and other events and circumstances from net income and other comprehensive income, attributable to parent entity. Excludes changes in equity resulting from investments by owners and distributions to owners.
Amount, after tax and adjustment, of unrealized gain (loss) on investment in debt security measured at fair value with change in fair value recognized in other comprehensive income (available-for-sale) and unrealized gain (loss) on investment in debt security measured at amortized cost (held-to-maturity) from transfer to available-for-sale.
Amount, before adjustment, of tax expense (benefit) for unrealized gain (loss) on investment in debt security measured at fair value with change in fair value recognized in other comprehensive income (available-for-sale) and unrealized gain (loss) on investment in debt security measured at amortized cost (held-to-maturity) from transfer to available-for-sale.
Amount, after tax and reclassification, of gain (loss) from derivative instrument designated and qualifying as cash flow hedge included in assessment of hedge effectiveness.
Amount, after reclassification, of tax expense (benefit) for gain (loss) from derivative instrument designated and qualifying as cash flow hedge included in assessment of hedge effectiveness.
Amount, after tax and before reclassification, of gain (loss) from derivative instrument designated and qualifying as cash flow hedge included in assessment of hedge effectiveness.
Amount, before tax and reclassification, of gain (loss) from derivative instrument designated and qualifying cash flow hedge included in assessment of hedge effectiveness.
Amount, after tax, of reclassification of gain (loss) from accumulated other comprehensive income (AOCI) for derivative instrument designated and qualifying as cash flow hedge included in assessment of hedge effectiveness.
Amount, before tax, of reclassification of gain (loss) from accumulated other comprehensive income (AOCI) for derivative instrument designated and qualifying as cash flow hedge included in assessment of hedge effectiveness.
Amount of tax expense (benefit) for reclassification of gain (loss) from accumulated other comprehensive income (AOCI) for derivative instrument designated and qualifying as cash flow hedge included in assessment of hedge effectiveness.
Amount before tax of reclassification adjustment from accumulated other comprehensive income for unrealized gain (loss) realized upon the sale of available-for-sale securities.
Amount after tax of reclassification adjustment from accumulated other comprehensive income for unrealized gain (loss) realized upon the sale of available-for-sale securities.
Amount of tax expense (benefit) of reclassification adjustment from accumulated other comprehensive income for unrealized gain (loss) realized upon the sale of available-for-sale securities.
Amount of tax expense (benefit) of reclassification adjustment from accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) for gain (loss) of defined benefit plan.
Amount, before tax and adjustment, of unrealized holding gain (loss) on investment in debt security measured at fair value with change in fair value recognized in other comprehensive income (available-for-sale). Excludes unrealized gain (loss) on investment in debt security measured at amortized cost (held-to-maturity) from transfer to available-for-sale.
Amount, after tax and before adjustment, of unrealized holding gain (loss) on investment in debt security measured at fair value with change in fair value recognized in other comprehensive income (available-for-sale). Excludes unrealized gain (loss) on investment in debt security measured at amortized cost (held-to-maturity) from transfer to available-for-sale.
This element represents the net amortization (accretion) of the adjustments to acquisition fair value. As noncash item, this element is an adjustment to net income when calculating cash provided by (used in) operations using the indirect method.
The net cash inflow (outflow) in the total of all demand deposits (including checking and negotiable order of withdrawal (NOW) accounts and saving deposits (which may include passbook, statement savings accounts and money-market deposit accounts (MMDAs) classified as cash flows from financing activities.
The amount of expense charged against earnings in the period to allocate the cost, net of salvage value, of premises and equipment over their remaining estimated productive lives and includes the amortization of leasehold property.
The designation of funds furnished by a borrower to a lender to assure future payments of the borrower's real estate taxes and insurance obligations with respect to a mortgaged property. Escrow account may be made for a variety of other purposes such as earnest money and contingent payments.
The aggregate expense charged against earnings to allocate the cost of intangible assets (nonphysical assets not used in production) in a systematic and rational manner to the periods expected to benefit from such assets. As a noncash expense, this element is added back to net income when calculating cash provided by or used in operations using the indirect method.
Amount of write-down of assets recognized in the income statement. Includes, but is not limited to, losses from tangible assets, intangible assets and goodwill.
Amount of cash and cash equivalents, and cash and cash equivalents restricted to withdrawal or usage. Excludes amount for disposal group and discontinued operations. Cash includes, but is not limited to, currency on hand, demand deposits with banks or financial institutions, and other accounts with general characteristics of demand deposits. Cash equivalents include, but are not limited to, short-term, highly liquid investments that are both readily convertible to known amounts of cash and so near their maturity that they present insignificant risk of changes in value because of changes in interest rates.
Amount of increase (decrease) in cash, cash equivalents, and cash and cash equivalents restricted to withdrawal or usage; including effect from exchange rate change. Cash includes, but is not limited to, currency on hand, demand deposits with banks or financial institutions, and other accounts with general characteristics of demand deposits. Cash equivalents include, but are not limited to, short-term, highly liquid investments that are both readily convertible to known amounts of cash and so near their maturity that they present insignificant risk of changes in value because of changes in interest rates.
The net gain (loss) resulting from sales and other disposals of other real estate owned, increases (decreases) in the valuation allowance for foreclosed real estate, and write-downs of other real estate owned after acquisition or physical possession.
Amount of cash paid for interest, excluding capitalized interest, classified as operating activity. Includes, but is not limited to, payment to settle zero-coupon bond for accreted interest of debt discount and debt instrument with insignificant coupon interest rate in relation to effective interest rate of borrowing attributable to accreted interest of debt discount.
Amount of cash inflow (outflow) from financing activities, including discontinued operations. Financing activity cash flows include obtaining resources from owners and providing them with a return on, and a return of, their investment; borrowing money and repaying amounts borrowed, or settling the obligation; and obtaining and paying for other resources obtained from creditors on long-term credit.
Amount of cash inflow (outflow) from investing activities, including discontinued operations. Investing activity cash flows include making and collecting loans and acquiring and disposing of debt or equity instruments and property, plant, and equipment and other productive assets.
Amount of cash inflow (outflow) from operating activities, including discontinued operations. Operating activity cash flows include transactions, adjustments, and changes in value not defined as investing or financing activities.
Amount of cash outflow to acquire investment in debt security measured at fair value with change in fair value recognized in other comprehensive income (available-for-sale).
The cash outflow associated with the acquisition of long-lived, physical assets that are used in the normal conduct of business to produce goods and services and not intended for resale; includes cash outflows to pay for construction of self-constructed assets.
Amount of cash inflow from maturity, prepayment and call of investment in debt security measured at fair value with change in fair value recognized in other comprehensive income (available-for-sale).
Amount of cash inflow from sale of investment in debt security measured at fair value with change in fair value recognized in other comprehensive income (available-for-sale).
Amount of expense related loan transactions, lease transactions, credit loss from transactions other than loan and lease transactions, and other loss based on assessment of uncollectability from the counterparty to reduce the account to their net realizable value.
Brookline Bancorp, Inc. (the "Company") is a bank holding company (within the meaning of the Bank Holding Company Act of 1956, as amended) and the parent of Brookline Bank, a Massachusetts-chartered trust company, Bank Rhode Island ("BankRI"), a Rhode Island-chartered financial institution, and PCSB Bank, a New York-chartered commercial bank (collectively referred to as the "Banks"). The Banks are all members of the Federal Reserve System. The Company is also the parent of Clarendon Private, LLC ("Clarendon Private"). The Company's primary business is to provide commercial, business and retail banking services to its corporate, municipal and retail customers through the Banks and its non-bank subsidiaries. Until February 14, 2020 (the "Merger Closing Date"), the Company was also the parent of First Ipswich Bank ("First Ipswich"), a Massachusetts-chartered trust company. Effective upon the Merger Closing Date, First Ipswich was merged with and into Brookline Bank, with Brookline as the surviving institution. Brookline Securities Corp. ("BSC"), previously a subsidiary of the Company was dissolved in November 2023.
Brookline Bank, which includes its wholly-owned subsidiaries Longwood Securities Corp., Eastern Funding LLC ("Eastern Funding") and First Ipswich Insurance Agency, operates 29 full-service banking offices in the Greater Boston metropolitan area with two additional lending offices. BankRI, which includes its wholly-owned subsidiaries, Acorn Insurance Agency, BRI Realty Corp., BRI Investment Corp. and its wholly-owned subsidiary, BRI MSC Corp., operates 22 full-service banking offices in the Greater Providence, Rhode Island area. Macrolease Corporation ("Macrolease"), previously a subsidiary of BankRI, was merged into Eastern Funding LLC in the second quarter of 2022. PCSB Bank, which includes its wholly-owned subsidiary, UpCounty Realty Corp., operates 14 full-service banking offices in the Lower Hudson Valley of New York. Clarendon Private is a registered investment advisor with the Securities and Exchange Commission ("SEC"). Through Clarendon Private, the Company offers a wide range of wealth management services to individuals, families, endowments and foundations to help these clients meet their long-term financial goals.
The Company's activities include acceptance of commercial, municipal and retail deposits, origination of mortgage loans on commercial and residential real estate located principally in Central New England and the Lower Hudson Valley of New York, origination of commercial loans and leases to small- and mid-sized businesses, investment in debt and equity securities, and the offering of cash management and wealth and investment advisory services. The Company also provides specialty equipment financing through its subsidiary Eastern Funding, which is based in New York City, New York, and Plainview, New York.
The Company and the Banks are supervised, examined and regulated by the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System ("FRB"). As a Massachusetts-chartered trust company, Brookline Bank is also subject to supervision, examination and regulation by Massachusetts Division of Banks. As a Rhode Island-chartered financial institution, BankRI is subject to regulation, examination and regulation by the Banking Division of the Rhode Island Department of Business Regulation. As a New York chartered commercial bank, PCSB Bank is subject to supervision, examination and regulation by the New York State Department of Financial Services. Clarendon Private is also subject to regulation by the SEC.
The Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation ("FDIC") offers insurance coverage on all deposits up to $250,000 per depositor at each of the Banks. As FDIC-insured depository institutions, the Banks are also secondarily subject to supervision, examination and regulation by the FDIC.
Basis of Financial Statement Presentation
The Company's consolidated financial statements have been prepared in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles ("GAAP") as set forth by the Financial Accounting Standards Board ("FASB") in its Accounting Standards Codification and through the rules and interpretive releases of the SEC under the authority of federal securities laws.
The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company and its wholly-owned subsidiaries. All significant intercompany transactions and balances are eliminated in consolidation.
In preparing these consolidated financial statements, management is required to make significant estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, income, expenses and disclosure of assets and liabilities. Actual results could differ from those estimates based upon changing conditions, including economic conditions and future events. Material estimates that are particularly susceptible to significant changes in the near-term include the determination of
the allowance for loan and lease losses, the determination of fair market values of assets and liabilities, including acquired loans, the review of goodwill and intangibles for impairment and the review of deferred tax assets for valuation allowance.
The judgments used by management in applying these significant estimates may be affected by a further and prolonged deterioration in the economic environment, which may result in changes to future financial results. For example, subsequent evaluations of the loan and lease portfolio, in light of the factors then prevailing, may result in significant changes in the allowance for loan and lease losses in future periods, and the inability to collect outstanding principal may result in increased loan and lease losses.
Cash and Cash Equivalents
For purposes of reporting asset balances and cash flows, cash and cash equivalents includes cash on hand and due from banks (including cash items in process of clearing), interest-bearing deposits with banks, federal funds sold, money market mutual funds and other short-term investments with original maturities of three months or less.
Investment Securities
Investment securities, other than those reported as short-term investments, are classified at the time of purchase as "available-for-sale," "held-to-maturity," or "held-for-trading." Classification is periodically re-evaluated for consistency with the Company's goals and objectives. Equity investments in the Federal Home Loan Bank ("FHLB") of Boston and New York, the Federal Reserve Bank of Boston, the Federal Reserve Bank of New York, and other restricted equities are discussed in more detail in Note 5, "Restricted Equity Securities."
Investment Securities Available-for-Sale, Held-to-Maturity, and Held-for-Trading
Investment securities for which the Company has the positive intent and ability to hold to maturity are classified as held-to-maturity and carried at amortized cost. Those investment securities held for indefinite periods of time but not necessarily to maturity are classified as available-for-sale. Investment securities held for indefinite periods of time include investment securities that management intends to use as part of its asset/liability, liquidity, and/or capital management strategies and may be sold in response to changes in interest rates, maturities, asset/liability mix, liquidity needs, regulatory capital needs or other business factors. Investment securities available-for-sale are carried at estimated fair value, primarily obtained from a third-party pricing service, with unrealized gains and losses reported on an after-tax basis in stockholders' equity as accumulated other comprehensive income or loss. Investment securities expected to be held for very short term duration, used for hedging, or are marketable equity securities are typically designated held-for-trading. Held-for-trading securities are carried at estimated fair value principally based on market prices and dealer quotes received from third-party and nationally-recognized pricing services. Gains and losses for held-for-trading are reported on the income statement as gains on investment securities, net. As of December 31, 2023 and 2022, the Company did not make any adjustments to the prices provided by the third-party pricing service.
Security transactions are recorded on the trade date. Realized gains and losses are determined using the specific identification method and are recorded in non-interest income. Interest and dividends on securities are recorded using the accrual method. Premiums and discounts on securities are amortized or accreted into interest income using the level-yield method over the remaining period to contractual maturity, adjusted for the effect of actual prepayments in the case of mortgage-backed securities ("MBSs") and collateralized mortgage obligations ("CMOs"). These estimates of prepayment assumptions are made based upon the actual performance of the underlying security, current interest rates, the general market consensus regarding changes in mortgage interest rates, the contractual repayment terms of the underlying loans, the priority rights of the investors to the cash flows from the mortgage securities and other economic conditions. When differences arise between anticipated prepayments and actual prepayments, the effective yield is recalculated to reflect actual payments to date and anticipated future payments. Unamortized premium or discount is adjusted to the amount that would have existed had the new effective yield been applied since purchase, with a corresponding charge or credit to interest income.
Restricted Equity Securities
The Company invests in the stock of the FHLB, the Federal Reserve Bank of Boston and the Federal Reserve Bank of New York, and a small amount of other restricted securities. No ready market exists for these stocks, and they have no quoted market values. The Banks, as members of the FHLB, are required to maintain investments in the capital stock of the FHLB equal to their membership base investments plus an activity-based investment determined according to the Banks' level of outstanding FHLB advances. The Company has also purchased Federal Reserve Bank of Boston and Federal Reserve Bank of New York stock which is redeemable at par. The Company reviews for impairment of these securities based on the ultimate recoverability of the cost basis in the stock. As of December 31, 2023 and 2022, no impairment has been recognized.
Loans
Loans and Leases Held-to-Maturity
Loans the Company originates for the portfolio, and for which it has the intent and ability to hold to maturity, are reported at amortized cost, inclusive of deferred loan origination fees and expenses, less unadvanced funds due to borrowers on loans and the allowance for loan and lease losses.
Interest income on loans and leases originated for the portfolio is accrued on unpaid principal balances as earned. Loan origination fees and direct loan origination costs are deferred, and the net fee or cost is recognized in interest income using the interest method. Deferred amounts are recognized for fixed-rate loans over the contractual life of the loans and for adjustable-rate loans over the period of time required to adjust the contractual interest rate to a yield approximating a market rate at the origination date. If a loan is prepaid, the unamortized portion of the loan origination costs, including third party referral related costs not subject to rebate from the dealer, is charged to income.
Loans and Leases Held-for-Sale
Management identifies and designates certain newly originated loans and leases for sale to specific financial institutions, subject to the underwriting criteria of those financial institutions. These loans and leases are held for sale and are carried at the lower of cost or market as determined in the aggregate. Deferred loan fees and costs are included in the determination of the gain or loss on sale. The Company had no loans and leases held-for-sale as of December 31, 2023 and 2022.
Nonperforming Loans
Nonaccrual Loans
Accrual of interest on loans generally is discontinued when contractual payment of principal or interest becomes past due 90 days or, if in management's judgment, reasonable doubt exists as to the full timely collection of interest. Exceptions may be made if the loan has matured and is in the process of renewal or is well-secured and in the process of collection. When a loan is placed on nonaccrual status, interest accruals cease and uncollected accrued interest is reversed and charged against current interest income. Interest payments on nonaccrual loans are generally applied to principal. If collection of the principal is reasonably assured, interest payments are recognized as income on the cash basis. Loans are generally returned to accrual status when principal and interest payments are current, full collectability of principal and interest is reasonably assured and a consistent record of at least six consecutive months of performance has been achieved.
Impaired Loans
A loan is considered to be impaired when, based on current information and events, it is probable that the Company will be unable to collect all amounts due (both interest and principal) according to the contractual terms of the loan agreement. Smaller-balance, homogeneous loans that are evaluated collectively for impairment, such as residential, home equity and other consumer loans are specifically excluded from the impaired loan portfolio except where the loan is modified. The Company has defined the population of impaired loans to include nonaccrual loans and modified loans.
When the ultimate collectability of the total principal of an impaired loan or lease is in doubt and the loan is on nonaccrual status, all payments are applied to principal, under the cost recovery method. When the ultimate collectability of the total principal of an impaired loan or lease is not in doubt and the loan or lease is on nonaccrual status, contractual interest is credited to interest income when received, under the cash basis method.
The value of an impaired loan is measured based upon the present value of expected future cash flows discounted at the loan's effective interest rate, or the fair value of the collateral if the loan is collateral-dependent and its payment is expected
solely based on the underlying collateral. For impaired loans deemed collateral dependent, where impairment is measured using the fair value of the collateral, the Company will either obtain a new appraisal or use another available source of collateral assessment to determine a reasonable estimate of the fair value of the collateral.
Interest collected on impaired loans is either applied against principal or reported as income according to management's judgment as to the collectability of principal. If management does not consider a loan ultimately collectible within an acceptable time frame, payments are applied as principal to reduce the loan balance. If full collection of the remaining recorded investment should subsequently occur, interest receipts are recorded as interest income on a cash basis.
Loan Modifications
In determining whether a debtor is experiencing financial difficulties, the Company considers, among other factors, whether the debtor is in payment default or is likely to be in payment default in the foreseeable future without the modification, if the debtor declared or is in the process of declaring bankruptcy, there is substantial doubt that the debtor will continue as a going concern, the debtor's entity-specific projected cash flows will not be sufficient to service its debt, if the debtor has securities that have been delisted or are in the process of being delisted, or the debtor cannot obtain funds from sources other than the existing creditors at market terms for debt with similar risk characteristics.
Disclosable modifications under current guidance include principal forgiveness, interest rate reductions, significant payment delays, maturity extensions, or any combination of the aforementioned modifications. The Company tracks and discloses the performance of these modifications with respect to delinquency and re-modification status.
The current guidance also eliminates the requirement to measure the allowance using a Discounted Cash Flow (“DCF”) methodology, and allows for a portfolio-based methodology for modified loans to troubled borrowers. If the DCF approach is still utilized for individually evaluated loans, the discount rate used must be the modified effective interest rate, rather than the original effective interest rate. Typically, modified loans to troubled borrowers are Substandard credits and are already evaluated for impairment on an individual basis.
Allowance for Credit Losses
Management has established a methodology to determine the adequacy of the allowance for credit losses that assesses the risks and losses expected on the loan and lease portfolio and unfunded commitments. Additions to the allowance for credit losses are made by charges to the provision for credit losses. Losses on loans and leases are charged off against the allowance when all or a portion of a loan or lease is considered uncollectible. Subsequent recoveries on loans previously charged off, if any, are credited to the allowance when realized.
To calculate the allowance for loans collectively evaluated, management uses models developed by a third party. The Commercial real estate ("CRE"), Commercial and industrial ("C&I"), and Retail lifetime loss rate models calculate the expected losses over the life of the loan based on exposure at default loan attributes and reasonable, supportable economic forecasts. The exposure at default considers the current unpaid balance, prepayment assumptions and utilization of expected utilization assumptions. The expected loss estimates for two small commercial portfolios and a runoff auto portfolio are based on historical loss rates.
Key assumptions used in the models include portfolio segmentation, prepayments, the expected utilization of unfunded commitments, risk rating and a scalar, among others. The portfolios are segmented by loan level attributes such as loan type, loan size, date of origination, and delinquency status to create homogenous loan pools. Pool level metrics are calculated and loss rates are subsequently applied to the pools as the loans have like characteristics. Prepayment assumptions are embedded within the models and are based on the same data used for model development and incorporate adjustments for reasonable and supportable forecasts. Model development data and developmental time periods vary by model, but all use at least ten years of historical data and capture at least one recessionary period. Expected utilization is based on current utilization and a loan equivalency ("LEQ") factor. LEQ varies by current utilization and provides a reasonable estimate of expected draws and borrower behavior. Assumptions and model inputs are reviewed in accordance with model monitoring practices and as information becomes available.
Historical loss rate models apply a loss rate to the outstanding balance of the loan. Management uses historical loss rates for condominium association, auto, and government lease portfolio segments because these loans have distinct, historical, or expected loss patterns and a de minimus effect on the overall allowance and provision.
Management elected to use multiple economic forecasts in determining the reserve to account for economic uncertainty. The forecasts include various projections of Gross Domestic Product ("GDP"), interest rates, property price indices, and employment measures. The forecasts are probability-weighted based on available information at the time of the calculation execution. Scenario weighting and model parameters are reviewed for each calculation and are subject to change. The models recognize that the life of a loan may exceed the economic forecast, therefore, the models employ mean reversion techniques at the input level to predict credit losses for loans that are expected to mature beyond the forecast period. The forecasts utilized at December 31, 2023 reflect the immediate and longer-term effects of a rising interest rate environment and inflationary conditions.
The CRE lifetime loss rate, C&I lifetime loss rate, and Retail lifetime loss rate models were developed using the historical loss experience of all banks in the model’s developmental dataset. Banks in the model’s developmental dataset may have different loss experiences due to geography and portfolio as well as variances in operational and underwriting procedures from the Company, and therefore, the Company calibrates expected losses using a scalar for each model. Each scalar was calculated by examining the loss rates of peer banks that have similar operations and asset bases to the Company and comparing these peer group loss rates to the model results. Peer group loss rates were used in the scalar calculation because management believes the peer group’s historical losses provide a better reflection of the Company’s current portfolio and operating procedures than the Company’s historical losses. Qualitative adjustments are also applied to select segments of the loan portfolio where applicable.
For December 31, 2023, management applied qualitative adjustments to the CRE lifetime loss rate and C&I lifetime loss rate. These adjustments were made based on historical loss patterns, current loan and portfolio metrics, and expert judgment based on professional experience. These qualitative adjustments resulted in additions to reserves for the CRE and C&I portfolio, as compared to the model output.
The general allowance related to loans collectively evaluated for impairment was determined using a formula-based approach utilizing the risk ratings of individual credits and loss factors derived from historic portfolio loss rates over a lookback period, which include estimates of incurred losses over an estimated loss emergence period (“LEP”). The LEP was generated utilizing a charge-off look-back analysis which studied the time from the first indication of elevated risk of repayment (or other early event indicating a problem) to eventual charge-off to support the LEP considered in the allowance calculation. This
reserving methodology established the approximate number of months of LEP that represented incurred losses for each portfolio.
In addition to quantitative measures, relevant qualitative factors included, but were not limited to: (1) levels and trends in past due and impaired loans, (2) levels and trends in charge-offs, (3) changes in underwriting standards, policy exceptions, and credit policy, (4) experience of lending management and staff, (5) economic trends, (6) industry conditions, (7) effects of changes in credit concentrations, (8) interest rate environment, and (9) regulatory and other changes. The general allowance related to the acquired loans collectively evaluated for impairment were determined based upon the degree, if any, of deterioration in the pooled loans subsequent to acquisition. The qualitative factors used in the determination was the same as those used for originated loans.
Specific reserves are established for loans individually evaluated for impairment when amortized cost basis is greater than the discounted present value of expected future cash flows or, in the case of collateral-dependent loans, when there is an excess of a loan's amortized cost basis over the fair value of its underlying collateral. When loans and leases do not share risk characteristics with other financial assets they are evaluated individually. Individually evaluated loans are reviewed quarterly with adjustments made to the calculated reserve as necessary.
Liability for Unfunded Commitments
In the ordinary course of business, the Company enters into commitments to extend credit, commercial letters of credit, and standby letters of credit. Such financial instruments are recorded in the financial statements when they become payable. The credit risk associated with these commitments is evaluated in a manner similar to the allowance for loan and lease losses.
Premises and Equipment
Premises and equipment are carried at cost less accumulated depreciation and amortization, except for land which is carried at cost. Premises and equipment are depreciated using the straight-line method over the estimated useful life of the assets. Leasehold improvements are amortized using the straight-line method over the shorter of the lease term or the estimated useful life of the improvements.
Costs related to internal-use software development projects that provide significant new functionality are capitalized. Internal-use software is software acquired or modified solely to meet the Company's needs and for which there is no plan to market the software externally. Direct and indirect costs associated with the application development stage of internal use software are capitalized until such time that the software is substantially complete and ready for its intended use. Capitalized costs are amortized on a straight-line basis over the remaining estimated life of the software. Computer software and development costs incurred in the preliminary project stage, as well as training and maintenance costs, are expensed as incurred.
Leases
The Company leases certain office space under various noncancellable operating leases as well as certain other assets. These leases have terms ranging from 1 year to over 20 years. Certain leases contain renewal options and escalation clauses which can increase rental expenses based principally on the consumer price index and fair market rental value provisions. Right-of-use lease assets are carried on the balance sheet at amortized cost and corresponding lease liabilities are carried on the balance sheet at present value of the future minimum lease payments, adjusted for any initial direct costs and incentives. All of the Company's current outstanding leases are classified as operating leases.
Bank-Owned Life Insurance
The Company acquired bank-owned life insurance ("BOLI") plans as part of its acquisitions of PCSB Bank, First Ipswich Bank and BankRI. BOLI represents life insurance on the lives of certain current and former employees who have provided positive consent allowing their employer to be the beneficiary of such policies. BankRI and Brookline Bank as successor in interest to First Ipswich Bank, are the beneficiaries of their respective policies. The Banks utilize BOLI as tax-efficient financing for their benefit obligations to their employees, including their retirement obligations and Supplemental Executive Retirement Plans ("SERPs").
Since the Banks are the primary beneficiaries of their respective insurance policies, increases in the cash value of the policies, as well as insurance proceeds received, are recorded in non-interest income and are not subject to income taxes. BOLI is recorded at the cash value of the policies, less any applicable cash surrender charges, and is reflected as an asset in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets. Cash proceeds, if any, are classified as cash flows from investing activities.
The Company reviews the financial strength of the insurance carriers prior to the purchase of BOLI to ensure minimum credit ratings of at least investment grade. The financial strength of the carriers is reviewed at least annually, and BOLI with any individual carrier is limited to 10% of the Company's capital. Total BOLI is limited to 25% of the Company's capital.
Goodwill and Other Identified Intangible Assets
Goodwill represents the excess of the cost of an acquisition over the fair value of the net assets acquired. Goodwill andindefinite-lived identified intangible assets are not subject to amortization. Definite-lived identified intangible assets are assetsresulting from acquisitions that are being amortized over their estimated useful lives. The recoverability of goodwill and identified intangible assets is evaluated for impairment at least annually. A Company can perform a qualitative assessment of whether it is more likely than not that the fair value of an acquired asset is greater than its carrying amount. If the Company qualitatively concludes that it is more likely than not that the fair value of an acquired asset is greater than its carrying amount, no further testing is necessary. If, however, the Company qualitatively concludes that the fair value of an acquired asset is less than its carrying value, the Company should recognize an impairment charge for the amount by which the carrying amount exceeds the fair value. However, in accordance with ASC 350-20-35-3B, an entity can bypass the qualitative assessment and perform the quantitative impairment test. Given the current economic environment, a quantitative analysis was performed where management selected a sample of comparable acquisitions and calculated the control premium associated with each sale. The Company’s market capitalization times the sampled control premium allowed management to compare the calculated fair value to the Company’s current book value to determine if an adjustment to goodwill is warranted. The Company did not have any impairment of Goodwill and other identified intangible assets as of December 31, 2023 and 2022. Further analysis of the Company’s goodwill can be found in Note 9 “Goodwill and Other IntangibleAssets” within notes to the consolidated financial statements.
OREO and Other Repossessed Assets
OREO and other repossessed assets consists of properties acquired through foreclosure, real estate acquired through acceptance of a deed in lieu of foreclosure and loans determined to be substantively repossessed. Real estate loans that are substantively repossessed include only those loans for which the Company has taken possession of the collateral. OREO and other repossessed assets which consist of vehicles and equipment, if any, are recorded initially at estimated fair value less costs to sell, resulting in a new cost basis. The amount by which the recorded investment in the loan exceeds the fair value (net of estimated cost to sell) of the foreclosed or repossessed asset is charged to the allowance for loan and lease losses. Such evaluations are based on an analysis of individual properties/assets as well as a general assessment of current real estate market conditions. Subsequent declines in the fair value of the foreclosed or repossessed asset below the new cost basis are recorded through the use of a valuation allowance. Subsequent increases in the fair value are recorded as reductions in the allowance, but not below zero. Rental revenue received on foreclosed or repossessed assets is included in other non-interest income, whereas operating expenses and changes in the valuation allowance relating to foreclosed and repossessed assets are included in other non-interest expense. Certain costs used to improve such properties are capitalized. Gains and losses from the sale of OREO and other repossessed assets are reflected in non-interest expense when realized. Together with nonperforming loans, OREO and repossessed assets comprise nonperforming assets.
Derivatives
The Company utilizes loan level derivatives which consists of interest rate contracts (swaps, caps and floors), and risk participation agreements as part of the Company's interest-rate risk management strategy for certain assets and liabilities and not for speculative purposes. Based on the Company's intended use for the loan level derivatives at inception, the Company designates the derivative as either an economic hedge of an asset or liability, or a hedging instrument subject to the hedge accounting provisions of FASB ASC Topic 815, "Derivatives and Hedging". These derivatives designated as cash flow hedges involve the receipt of fixed rate amounts from a counterparty in exchange for the Company making variable rate payments.
Loan level derivatives and foreign exchange contracts entered into on behalf of our customers are designated as economic hedges and are recorded at fair value within other assets or liabilities. Changes in the fair value of these non hedging derivatives are recorded directly through earnings at each reporting period.
Transfer of Financial Assets
Transfers of financial assets are accounted for as sales when control over the assets has been surrendered. Control over transferred assets is deemed to be surrendered when (1) the assets have been isolated from the Company, (2) the transferee obtains the right (free of conditions that constrain it from taking advantage of that right) to pledge or exchange the transferred assets, and (3) the Company does not maintain effective control over the transferred assets through an agreement to repurchase them before their maturity.
Securities Sold under Agreements to Repurchase
The Company enters into sales of securities under agreements to repurchase with the Banks' commercial customers. These agreements are treated as financings, and the obligations to repurchase securities sold are reflected as a liability in the consolidated balance sheets. Securities pledged as collateral under agreements to repurchase are reflected as assets in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets.
Employee Benefits
Costs related to the Company's 401(k) plan are recognized in current earnings. Costs related to the Company's nonqualified deferred compensation plan, SERPs and postretirement benefits are recognized over the vesting period or the related service periods of the participating employees. Changes in the funded status of postretirement benefits are recognized through comprehensive income in the year in which changes occur.
The Company previously maintained an Employee Stock Ownership Plan ("ESOP") which was closed pending final regulatory and government approval.
The fair value of restricted stock awards and stock option grants are determined as of the grant date and are recorded as compensation expense over the period in which the shares of restricted stock awards and stock options vest. Forfeitures are accounted for as they occur.
Fair Value Measurements
ASC 820-10, "Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures," defines fair value as the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants. A fair value measurement assumes that the transaction to sell the asset or transfer the liability occurs in the principal market for the asset or liability or, in the absence of a principal market, the most advantageous market for the asset or liability. The price in the principal (or most advantageous) market used to measure the fair value of the asset or liability is not adjusted for transaction costs. An orderly transaction is a transaction that assumes exposure to the market for a period prior to the measurement date to allow for marketing activities that are usual and customary for transactions involving such assets and liabilities. It is not a forced transaction. Market participants are buyers and sellers in the principal market that are independent, knowledgeable, able to transact, and willing to transact.
A fair-value hierarchy for valuation inputs that gives the highest priority to quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities and the lowest priority to unobservable inputs are included in ASC 820. The fair value hierarchy is as follows:
Level 1: Inputs are unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for assets and liabilities identical to those reported at fair value.
Level 2: Inputs other than quoted prices included within Level 1. Level 2 inputs are observable either directly or indirectly. These inputs might include quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities in active markets, quoted prices for identical or similar assets in markets that are not active, inputs other than quoted prices that are observable for the asset or liability (such as interest rates, volatilities, prepayment speeds, credit risks, etc.) or inputs that are derived principally from or corroborated by market data by correlation or other means.
Level 3: Inputs are unobservable inputs for an asset or liability that reflect an entity's own assumptions about the assumptions that market participants would use in pricing the assets or liabilities. These inputs are used to determine fair value only when observable inputs are not available.
Earnings per Common Share
Basic earnings per share ("EPS") is computed by dividing net income by the weighted average number of shares of common stock outstanding for the applicable period, exclusive of Treasury shares and unvested shares of restricted stock. Diluted EPS is calculated after adjusting the denominator of the basic EPS calculation for the effect of all potential dilutive common shares outstanding during the period. The dilutive effects of options and unvested restricted stock awards are computed using the "treasury stock" method. Management evaluated the "two class" method and concluded that the method did not apply to the Company's EPS calculation.
Income Taxes
Income taxes are accounted for under the asset and liability method. Under this method, deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for the future tax consequences attributable to differences between the financial statement carrying amounts of existing assets and liabilities and their respective tax bases.
Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured using enacted tax rates expected to apply to taxable income in the years in which those temporary differences are expected to be recovered or settled. The effect on deferred tax assets and liabilities of a change in tax rates is recognized in income in the period that includes the enactment date.
Tax positions that are more likely than not to be sustained upon a tax examination are recognized in the Company's financial statements to the extent that the benefit is greater than 50% likely of being recognized. Interest resulting from underpayment of income taxes is classified as income tax expense in the first period the interest would begin accruing according to the provision of the relevant tax law. Penalties resulting from underpayment of income taxes are classified as income tax expense in the period for which the Company claims or expects to claim an uncertain tax position or in the period in which the Company's judgment changes regarding an uncertain tax position.
For new investment tax credits ("ITC"), the Company chose to apply the flow-through method and immediately recognize the ITC benefit in income tax expense, as opposed to deferring.
Business Combinations
Business combinations are generally accounted for under the acquisition method of accounting whereby assets acquired and liabilities assumed in business combinations are recorded at their estimated fair value as of the acquisition date. The determination of fair value may involve the use of internal or third-party valuation specialists to assist in the determination of the fair value of certain assets and liabilities at the acquisition date, including loans and leases, core deposit intangibles and time deposits. The excess of the cost of acquisition over these fair values is recognized as goodwill. A description of the valuation methodologies used to estimate the fair values of the significant assets acquired and liabilities assumed from the acquisition of PCSB can be found in Note 2 "Acquisitions" within the notes to the consolidated financial statements.
Treasury Stock
Any shares repurchased under the Company's share repurchase programs were purchased in open-market transactions and are held as treasury stock. Treasury stock also consists of common stock withheld to satisfy federal, state and local income tax withholding requirements for employee restricted stock awards upon vesting. All treasury stock is held at cost.
Segment Reporting
An operating segment is defined as a component of a business for which separate financial information is available that is evaluated regularly by the chief operating decision-maker in deciding how to allocate resources and evaluate performance. The Company is a bank holding company with subsidiaries engaged in the business of banking and activities closely related to banking. The Company's banking business provided substantially all of its total revenues and pre-tax income in 2023, 2022 and 2021. Therefore, the Company has determined to be a single segment.
Accounting Standards Adopted in 2023, 2022 and 2021
In March 2020, the FASB issued ASU 2020-04, " Reference Rate Reform (Topic 848)-Facilitation of the Effects of Reference Rate Reform on Financial Reporting" ("ASU 2020-04") to provide optional expedients and exceptions for applying GAAP to certain contracts, hedging relationships, and other transactions affected by reference rate reform if certain criteria are met. The amendments in this update apply only to contracts, hedging relationships, and other transactions that reference the London Interbank Offered Rate ("LIBOR") or another reference rate expected to be discontinued because of reference rate reform. The expedients and exceptions provided by the amendments do not apply to contract modifications made and hedging relationships existing as of December 31, 2022, for which an entity has elected certain optional expedients provided that those elections are retained through the end of the hedging relationship. The amendments in this update are effective for all entities as of March 12, 2020 through December 31, 2022 and do not apply to contract modifications made after December 31, 2022.
In January 2021, FASB issued ASU 2021-01, "Reference Rate Reform (Topic 848)" an update to address concerns around structural risk of interbank offered rates ("IBORs"), particularly, the risk of cessation of the LIBOR. The amendments in this update clarify that certain optional expedients and exceptions in Topic 848 for contract modifications and hedge accounting apply to derivatives that are affected by the discounting transition. In December 2022, FASB issued ASU 2022-06, "Reference Rate Reform (Topic 848)" which deferred the sunset date of Topic 848 to December 31, 2024, to allow for a transition period after the sunset of LIBOR. The Company has adopted the amendments in these updates and established a LIBOR transition committee to guide the Company’s transition from LIBOR. The Company has completed much of the work to transition off the LIBOR index consistent with industry timelines. The working group has identified its products that utilize LIBOR and has implemented fallback language to facilitate the transition to alternative rates. The Company has also evaluated its infrastructure and identified fallback rates as well as started offering alternative indices and new products tied to these alternative indices. The Company does not anticipate the adoption of these standards to have a material impact to the consolidated financial statements.
In August 2021, the FASB issued ASU 2021-06, "Presentation of Financial Statements (Topic 205), Financial Services – Depository and Lending (Topic 942), and Financial Services – Investment Companies (Topic 946) which updated guidance to align with new SEC regulations with regards to statistical disclosures for banking and savings and loan institutions. This ASU is effective for fiscal years ending on or after December 15, 2021. The Company adopted ASU 2021-06 as of December 31, 2021. The adoption did not have a material impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements.
In October 2021, the FASB issued ASU 2021-08, "Business Combinations (Topic 805), Accounting for Contract Assets and Contract Liabilities from Contracts with Customers" which requires that an acquirer recognize and measure contract assets and contract liabilities acquired in a business combination in accordance with Topic 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers. At the acquisition date, an acquirer should account for the related revenue contracts in accordance with Topic 606
as if it had originated the contracts. The Company adopted ASU 2021-08 as of January 1, 2023 on a prospective basis. The adoption did not have a material impact on the Company's consolidated financial statements.
In March 2022, the FASB issued ASU 2022-02, "Financial Instruments - Credit Losses (Topic 326), Troubled Debt Restructurings and Vintage Disclosures" which addresses concerns regarding the complex accounting for loans modified as troubled debt restructurings (“TDRs”) and also the disclosure of gross writeoff information included in required vintage disclosures. The Company adopted ASU 2022-02 as of January 1, 2023. The enhanced disclosure requirements provided for by ASU 2022-02 were adopted on a prospective basis. Reporting periods prior to the adoption of ASU 2022-02 are presented in accordance with the applicable GAAP. The adoption did not have a material impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements. Additional details can be found in Note 5, "Allowance for Credit Losses".
The entire disclosure for the organization, consolidation and basis of presentation of financial statements disclosure, and significant accounting policies of the reporting entity. May be provided in more than one note to the financial statements, as long as users are provided with an understanding of (1) the significant judgments and assumptions made by an enterprise in determining whether it must consolidate a VIE and/or disclose information about its involvement with a VIE, (2) the nature of restrictions on a consolidated VIE's assets reported by an enterprise in its statement of financial position, including the carrying amounts of such assets, (3) the nature of, and changes in, the risks associated with an enterprise's involvement with the VIE, and (4) how an enterprise's involvement with the VIE affects the enterprise's financial position, financial performance, and cash flows. Describes procedure if disclosures are provided in more than one note to the financial statements.
On January 1, 2023, the Company completed its previously announced acquisition (the “merger”) of PCSB Financial Corporation (“PCSB”). Pursuant to the merger agreement, each share of PCSB common stock outstanding at the effective time of the merger was converted into the right to receive, at the holder’s election, either $22.00 in cash consideration or 1.3284 shares of Company common stock for each share of PCSB common stock, subject to allocation procedures to ensure that 60% of the outstanding shares of PCSB common stock was converted to Company common stock. PCSB’s bank subsidiary, PCSB Bank, operates as a separate subsidiary of the Company and has 14 banking offices throughout the Lower Hudson Valley of New York State.
The transaction was accounted for as a business combination. Accordingly, the purchase price was allocated to the assets acquired and liabilities assumed based on their fair values as of the merger effective date. The determination of fair value required management to make estimates about discount rates, future expected cash flows, market conditions, and other future events that are highly subjective in nature and are subject to change. Fair value estimates of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed may be adjusted for a period up to one year (the measurement period) from the closing date of the merger if new information is obtained about facts and circumstances that existed as of the merger effective date that, if known, would have affected the measurement of the amounts recognized as of that date.
During the year ended December 31, 2023, the Company incurred merger-related expenses totaling $7.4 million.
The following table summarizes the preliminary purchase price allocation to the estimated fair value of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed as of the date of the acquisition:
(1) Includes approximately $16.5 million of Bond Anticipation Notes ("BANs") and Tax Anticipation Notes ("TANs") that were subsequently reclassified as investments.
In connection with the merger, the Company recorded $80.8 million of goodwill, which represents the excess of the purchase price over the fair value of the net assets acquired.
Fair values of the major categories of assets acquired and liabilities assumed were determined as follows:
Cash and Cash Equivalents
The fair values of cash and cash equivalents approximate the respective carrying amounts because the instruments are payable on demand or have short-term maturities.
Investments
The fair values for investment securities available-for-sale were based on quoted market prices, where available. If quoted market prices were not available, fair value estimates are based on observable inputs, including quoted market prices for similar instruments. Investment securities held-to-maturity were reclassified to investment securities available-for-sale based on the Company's intent at closing.
In 2023, the Company restructured the investment portfolio acquired from PCSB. The Company sold approximately 75% of the portfolio which equates to $228.3 million of book value of predominantly longer dated Agency mortgage-backed securities ("MBS"), Agency collateralized mortgage obligations ("CMOs"), corporate and municipal securities. The weighted average duration of these securities was 6.1 years with an average risk weighting of assets of 33%. The Company recognized a $1.7 million gain from selling these securities.
Proceeds from the sale and additional cash on hand was used to purchase $379.5 million of short duration securities, the majority of which are US Treasuries, Agency debt and Agency MBS, and a small position of short term Municipal Bond Anticipation Notes. Additional details can be found in Note 3, "Investment Securities".
The weighted average duration of these securities was 2.1 years with an average risk weighting of assets of 8%.
Loans
The fair value of the loan portfolio was calculated on an individual loan basis using discounted cash flow analysis, with results presented and assumptions applied on a summary basis based on pools in which the loans were classified. This analysis took into consideration the contractual terms of the loans and assumptions related to the discount rate, including cost of debt, cost of equity, servicing cost and other liquidity/risk premium considerations to estimate the projected cash flows and prepayment rate. The loss rates for the loans were estimated using Probability of Default (cumulative) and Loss Given Default assumptions. The assumptions used in determining the fair value of the loan portfolio were considered reasonable from a market-participant viewpoint.
The Company recorded a $49.8 million discount from the results of the loan accounting valuation.
Deposits - Core Deposits Intangible ("CDI")
Accounts included in the CDI include demand deposits, NOW accounts, money market accounts and savings accounts. The fair value of the CDI was derived from using a financial institution-specific income approach, specifically the after-tax cost savings method. Assumptions used in the valuation of the CDI include customer attrition, deposit interest rates, service charge income, overhead expense, discount rate, and costs of alternative funding.
The Company recorded a $30.3 million CDI from the results of the deposit valuation. The CDI is being amortized at an accelerated rate over 7 years using the sum-of-the-years method.
Certificates of Deposits
The certificates of deposits were recorded at fair value. The determination of the fair value was calculated using discounted cash flow analysis, which involved present valuing the contractual payments over the remaining life of the certificate of deposit at market based-rates.
The Company recorded a $3.2 million discount from the results of the certificate of deposit valuation.
Borrowings
The fair value of the FHLB advances were ascertained by using discounted cash flow analysis of the contractual payments over the remaining life of the advances at market-based interest rates. The FHLB advances were disaggregated on an individual advance basis and management used FHLB of New York rates as of December 30, 2022 as the market rate in the present value calculation.
The Company recorded a $0.3 million discount on the assumed FHLB advances.
PCD Loans and Leases
Purchased loans and leases that have experienced more-than-insignificant deterioration in credit quality since origination are considered purchase credit deteriorated ("PCD"). For PCD loans and leases, the initial estimate of expected credit losses was established through an adjustment to the unpaid principal balance and non-credit discount at acquisition.
The following table reconciles the unpaid principal balance to the fair value of PCD loans and leases:
(In Thousands)
Total unpaid principal balance
$
16,824
Allowance for credit losses at acquisition
(2,344)
Non-credit discount
(974)
Fair value
$
13,506
Supplemental Pro Forma Financial Information
The following table summarizes supplemental pro forma financial information giving effect to the merger as if it had been completed on January 1, 2022:
At December 31,
2023
2022
(In Thousands)
Net interest income
339,711
362,773
Non-interest income
30,230
32,290
Net income
94,073
104,558
The supplemental pro forma financial information does not necessarily reflect the results of operations that would have occurred had Brookline Bancorp, Inc. merged with PCSB on January 1, 2022. The supplemental pro forma financial information includes the impact of (i) accreting and amortizing the discounts and premiums associated with the estimated fair value adjustments to acquired loans and leases, investment securities, deposits, and borrowings, (ii) the amortization of recognized intangible assets, (iii) accreting and amortizing the discounts and premiums associated with acquired premises and leases, and (iv) the related estimated income tax effects. Costs savings and other business synergies related to the merger are not included in the supplemental pro forma financial information.
In addition, the supplemental pro forma financial information was adjusted to include the $7.4 million of merger-related expenses recognized during the twelve months ended December 31, 2023, as summarized in the following table:
(1) Comprised primarily of severance and employee retention costs.
(2) Comprised primarily of technology contract termination fees.
(3) Comprised primarily of advisory, legal, accounting, and other professional fees.
(4) Comprised primarily of costs of travel and other miscellaneous expenses.
Brookline Bancorp, Inc.’s operating results for the year ended December 31, 2023 include the operating results of acquired assets and assumed liabilities of PCSB subsequent to the merger on January 1, 2023. The amount of net interest income, non-interest income and net income of $63.2 million, $4.5 million and $3.3 million, respectively, attributable to the acquisition of PCSB were included in Brookline Bancorp, Inc.’s Consolidated Statement of Income for the year ended December 31, 2023. PCSB’s net interest income, non-interest income and net income noted above reflect management’s best estimates, based on information available at the reporting date.
The entire disclosure for a business combination (or series of individually immaterial business combinations) completed during the period, including background, timing, and recognized assets and liabilities. The disclosure may include leverage buyout transactions (as applicable).
Aggregate reserve balances included in cash and cash equivalents were $108.3 million and $301.2 million, respectively, as of December 31, 2023 and 2022.
Short-term investments are summarized as follows:
At December 31,
2023
2022
(In Thousands)
FRB interest bearing reserve
$
86,864
$
141,198
FHLB overnight deposits
11,649
49,994
Total short-term investments
$
98,513
$
191,192
Short-term investments are stated at cost which approximates market value.
The entire disclosure of the components of cash, cash equivalents, and short-term investments. Short-term investments may include current marketable securities.
The following tables set forth investment securities available-for-sale at the dates indicated:
At December 31, 2023
Amortized Cost
Gross Unrealized Gains
Gross Unrealized Losses
Estimated Fair Value
(In Thousands)
Investment securities available-for-sale:
GSE debentures
$
220,604
$
517
$
19,994
$
201,127
GSE CMOs
66,463
33
4,879
61,617
GSE MBSs
186,614
62
16,679
169,997
Municipal obligations
18,785
184
47
18,922
Corporate debt obligations
20,521
82
887
19,716
U.S. Treasury bonds
470,764
423
26,450
444,737
Foreign government obligations
500
—
15
485
Total investment securities available-for-sale
$
984,251
$
1,301
$
68,951
$
916,601
At December 31, 2022
Amortized Cost
Gross Unrealized Gains
Gross Unrealized Losses
Estimated Fair Value
(In Thousands)
Investment securities available-for-sale:
GSE debentures
$
176,751
$
—
$
24,329
$
152,422
GSE CMOs
19,977
—
1,757
18,220
GSE MBSs
159,824
1
19,249
140,576
Corporate debt obligations
14,076
—
312
13,764
U.S. Treasury bonds
362,850
280
31,823
331,307
Foreign government obligations
500
—
23
477
Total investment securities available-for-sale
$
733,978
$
281
$
77,493
$
656,766
As of December 31, 2023, the fair value of all investment securities available-for-sale was $916.6 million, with net unrealized losses of $67.7 million, compared to a fair value of $656.8 million and net unrealized losses of $77.2 million as of December 31, 2022. As of December 31, 2023, $717.2 million, or 77.8% of the portfolio, had gross unrealized losses of $69.0 million, compared to $630.5 million, or 96.0% of the portfolio, with gross unrealized losses of $77.5 million as of December 31, 2022.
As of December 31, 2023 and 2022, the Company did not hold any securities as held to maturity; all securities were held as available-for-sale.
Investment Securities as Collateral
As of December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively, $791.2 million and $387.9 million of investment securities were pledged as collateral for repurchase agreements; municipal deposits; treasury, tax and loan deposits ("TT&L"); swap agreements; FRB borrowings; and FHLB of Boston and FHLB of New York borrowings. The Banks did not have any outstanding FRB borrowings as of December 31, 2023 and 2022.
Allowance for Credit Losses-Available-for-Sale Securities
For available-for-sale securities in an unrealized loss position, management first assesses whether (i) the Company intends to sell the security, or (ii) it is more likely than not that the Company will be required to sell the security before recovery of its amortized cost basis. If either criterion is met, any previously recognized allowances are charged-off and the security's amortized cost is written down to fair value through income. If neither criterion is met, the security is evaluated to determine whether the decline in fair value has resulted from credit losses or other factors. In making this assessment, management considers the extent to which fair value is less than amortized cost, any changes to the rating of the security by a rating agency and any adverse conditions specifically related to the security, among other factors.
If this assessment indicates that a credit loss exists, the present value of cash flows expected to be collected from the security is compared to the amortized cost basis of the security. If the present value of cash flows expected to be collected is less than the amortized cost basis, an allowance for credit loss is recorded, limited by the amount that the fair value is less than the amortized cost basis. Any impairment that has not been recorded through an ACL is recognized in other comprehensive income. Adjustments to the allowance are reported as a component of credit loss expense. Available-for-sale securities are charged-off against the allowance or, in the absence of any allowance, written down through income when deemed uncollectible or when either of the aforementioned criteria regarding intent or requirement to sell is met. The Company has made the accounting policy election to exclude accrued interest receivable on available-for-sale securities from the estimate of credit losses. Accrued interest receivables associated with debt securities available-for-sale totaled $4.1 million and $2.6 million, respectively, as of December 31, 2023 and 2022.
A debt security is placed on nonaccrual status at the time any principal or interest payments become more than 90 days delinquent or if full collection of interest or principal becomes uncertain. Accrued interest for a debt security placed on nonaccrual is reversed against interest income. There were no debt securities on nonaccrual status and therefore there was no accrued interest related to debt securities reversed against interest income for the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022.
Assessment for Available for Sale Securities for Impairment
Investment securities as of December 31, 2023 and 2022 that have been in a continuous unrealized loss position for less than twelve months or twelve months or longer are as follows:
The Company performs regular analysis on the investment securities available-for-sale portfolio to determine whether a decline in fair value indicates that an investment security is impaired. In making these impairment determinations, management considers, among other factors, projected future cash flows; credit subordination and the creditworthiness; capital adequacy and near-term prospects of the issuers.
Management also considers the Company's capital adequacy, interest-rate risk, liquidity and business plans in assessing whether it is more likely than not that the Company will sell or be required to sell the investment securities before recovery. If the Company determines that a security investment is impaired and that it is more likely than not that the Company will not sell or be required to sell the investment security before recovery of its amortized cost, the credit portion of the impairment loss is recognized in the Company's consolidated statement of income and the noncredit portion is recognized in accumulated other comprehensive income. The credit portion of the impairment represents the difference between the amortized cost and the present value of the expected future cash flows of the investment security. If the Company determines that a security is impaired and it is more likely than not that it will sell or be required to sell the investment security before recovery of its amortized cost, the entire difference between the amortized cost and the fair value of the security will be recognized in the Company's consolidated statement of income.
The following discussion summarizes, by investment security type, the basis for evaluating if the applicable investment securities within the Company’s available-for-sale portfolio were impaired as of December 31, 2023. The Company has determined it is more likely than not that the Company will not sell or be required to sell the investment securities before recovery of its amortized cost. The Company's ability and intent to hold these investment securities until recovery is supported by the Company's strong capital and liquidity positions as well as its historically low portfolio turnover. As such, management has determined that the investment securities are not impaired as of December 31, 2023. If market conditions for investment securities worsen or the creditworthiness of the underlying issuers deteriorates, it is possible that the Company may recognize additional impairment in future periods.
U.S. Government-Sponsored Enterprises
The Company invests in securities issued by U.S. Government-sponsored enterprises ("GSEs"), including GSE debentures, mortgage-backed securities ("MBSs"), and collateralized mortgage obligations ("CMOs"). GSE securities include obligations issued by the Federal National Mortgage Association ("FNMA"), the Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation ("FHLMC"), the Government National Mortgage Association ("GNMA"), the FHLB and the Federal Farm Credit Bank. As of December 31, 2023, the Company held GNMA MBSs and CMOs, and Small Business Administration ("SBA") commercial loan asset-backed securities in its available-for-sale portfolio with an estimated fair value of $33.9 million, all of which were backed explicitly by the full faith and credit of the U.S. Government, compared to $2.7 million as of December 31, 2022.
As of December 31, 2023, the Company owned 43 GSE debentures with a total fair value of $201.1 million, and a net unrealized loss of $19.5 million. The acquisition of PSCB accounted for $39.2 million of the total fair value at December 31, 2023. As of December 31, 2022, the Company held 32 GSE debentures with a total fair value of $152.4 million, and a net unrealized loss of $24.3 million. As of December 31, 2023, 27 of the 43 securities in this portfolio were in an unrealized loss position. As of December 31, 2022, 31 of the 32 securities in this portfolio were in an unrealized loss position. All securities are performing and backed by the implicit (FHLB/FNMA/FHLMC) or explicit (GNMA/SBA) guarantee of the U.S. Government. During the twelve months ended December 31, 2023, the Company purchased $40.8 million of GSE debentures securities compared to the same period in 2022, when the Company did not purchase any GSE debentures securities.
As of December 31, 2023, the Company owned 60 GSE CMOs with a total fair value of $61.6 million and a net unrealized loss of $4.8 million. The acquisition of PSCB accounted for $47.0 million of the total fair value at December 31, 2023. As of December 31, 2022, the Company held 32 GSE CMOs with a total fair value of $18.2 million with a net unrealized loss of $1.8 million. As of December 31, 2023, 57 of the 60 securities in this portfolio were in an unrealized loss position. As of December 31, 2022, all of the securities in this portfolio were in an unrealized loss position. All securities are performing and backed by the implicit (FHLB/FNMA/FHLMC) or explicit (GNMA) guarantee of the U.S. Government. For the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, the Company did not purchase any GSE CMOs.
As of December 31, 2023, the Company owned 146 GSE MBSs with a total fair value of $170.0 million and a net unrealized loss of $16.6 million. The acquisition of PSCB accounted for $46.5 million of the total fair value at December 31, 2023. As of December 31, 2022, the Company held 134 GSE MBSs with a total fair value of $140.6 million with a net unrealized loss of $19.2 million. As of December 31, 2023, 125 of the 146 securities in this portfolio were in an unrealized loss position. As of December 31, 2022, 128 of the 134 securities in this portfolio were in an unrealized loss position. All securities are performing and backed by the implicit (FHLB/FNMA/FHLMC) or explicit (GNMA) guarantee of the U.S. Government. During the twelve months ended December 31, 2023, the Company purchased $39.4 million of GSE MBS securities compared to the same period in 2022, when the Company did not purchase any GSE debentures securities.
Municipal Obligations
The Company invests in certain state and municipal securities with high credit ratings for portfolio diversification and tax planning purposes. As of December 31, 2023, the Company owned 44 municipal obligation securities with a total fair value of $18.9 million and a net unrealized gain of $0.1 million. The acquisition of PCSB, and purchases year to date accounted for all of the total fair value at December 31, 2023. As of December 31, 2022, the Company did not hold any municipal securities. As of December 31, 2023, 6 of the 44 securities in this portfolio were in an unrealized loss position. During the twelve months ended December 31, 2023, the Company purchased $10.0 million of municipal securities compared to the same period in 2022 when the Company did not purchase any municipal securities.
Corporate Obligations
The Company may invest in high-quality corporate obligations to provide portfolio diversification and improve the overall yield on the portfolio. As of December 31, 2023, the Company owned 11 corporate obligation securities with a total fair value of $19.7 million and a net unrealized loss of $0.8 million. The acquisition of PSCB accounted for $13.3 million of the total fair value at December 31, 2023. As of December 31, 2022, the Company held 4 corporate obligation securities with a total fair value of $13.8 million and a net unrealized loss of $0.3 million. As of December 31, 2023, 9 of the 11 securities in this portfolio were in an unrealized loss position. As of December 31, 2022, all of the securities in this portfolio were in an unrealized loss position. Full collection of the obligations is expected because the financial condition of the issuers is sound, they have not defaulted on scheduled payments, the obligations are rated investment grade, and the Company has the ability and intent to hold the obligations for a period of time to recover the amortized cost. For the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, the Company did not purchase any corporate obligations.
U.S. Treasury Bonds
The Company invests in securities issued by the U.S. government. As of December 31, 2023, the Company owned 66 U.S. Treasury bonds with a total fair value of $444.7 million and a net unrealized loss of $26.0 million. The acquisition of PSCB accounted for $166.1 million of the total fair value at December 31, 2023. As of December 31, 2022, the Company owned 41 U.S. Treasury bonds with a total fair value of $331.3 million and a net unrealized loss of $31.5 million. As of December 31, 2023, 53 of the 66 securities in this portfolio were in an unrealized loss position. As of December 31, 2022, 38 of the 41 securities in this portfolio were in unrealized loss positions. During the twelves months ended December 31, 2023 the Company purchased $272.7 million U.S. Treasury bonds compared to the same period in 2022 when the Company purchased $197.1 million, of U.S. Treasury bonds.
Foreign Government Obligations
As of December 31, 2023 and 2022, the Company owned 1 foreign government obligation security with a fair value and amortized cost of $0.5 million. As of December 31, 2023 and 2022, the security was in an unrealized loss position. During the twelves months ended December 31, 2023 the Company did not purchase any foreign government obligation securities, compared to the same period in 2022 when the Company repurchased the foreign government obligation security that matured during the first quarter of 2022.
Portfolio Maturities
The final stated maturities of the debt securities are as follows for the periods indicated:
At December 31,
2023
2022
Amortized Cost
Estimated Fair Value
Weighted Average Rate
Amortized Cost
Estimated Fair Value
Weighted Average Rate
(Dollars in Thousands)
Investment securities available-for-sale:
Within 1 year
$
141,989
$
141,340
4.27%
$
119,912
$
119,075
3.10%
After 1 year through 5 years
342,525
332,734
3.15%
163,941
156,120
2.40%
After 5 years through 10 years
268,182
233,059
1.69%
291,284
244,847
1.30%
Over 10 years
231,555
209,468
3.35%
158,841
136,724
2.10%
$
984,251
$
916,601
3.00%
$
733,978
$
656,766
2.06%
Actual maturities of debt securities will differ from those presented above since certain obligations amortize and may also provide the issuer the right to call or prepay the obligation prior to scheduled maturity without penalty. MBSs and CMOs are included above based on their final stated maturities; the actual maturities, however, may occur earlier due to anticipated prepayments and stated amortization of cash flows.
As of December 31, 2023, issuers of debt securities with an estimated fair value of $122.0 million had the right to call or prepay the obligations. Of the $122.0 million, approximately $6.4 million matures in less then 1 year, $59.7 million matures in 1-5 years, $48.0 million matures in 6-10 years, and $7.9 million mature after ten years. As of December 31, 2022, issuers of debt securities with an estimated fair value of approximately $53.1 million had the right to call or prepay the obligations. Of the $53.1 million, approximately $2.5 million matures in less than 1 year, $6.3 million matures in 1-5 years, $37.4 million matures in 6-10 years, and $6.9 million matures after ten years.
Security Sales
The proceeds from the sale of investment securities available-for-sale were $230.0 million during the year ended December 31, 2023. This compares to $78.8 million securities sold during the year ended December 31, 2022. Securities sales executed during the twelve months ended were related to the acquisition of PCSB and the restructuring of the acquired investment portfolio
Year Ended December 31,
2023
2022
(In Thousands)
Proceeds from sales of investment securities available-for-sale
Investments in the restricted equity securities of various entities are as follows:
At December 31,
2023
2022
(In Thousands)
FHLB stock
$
55,548
$
52,914
FRB stock
21,881
18,241
Other restricted equity securities
166
152
$
77,595
$
71,307
The Company invests in the stock of FHLB Boston and New York as one of the requirements to borrow. As of December 31, 2023 and 2022, FHLB stock is recorded at its carrying value, which is equal to cost and which management believes approximates its fair value. The FHLB Boston paid a dividend to member banks at an annualized rate of 765 basis points in 2023. The FHLB Boston increased its dividend from 667 basis points in the first quarter of 2023 to 831 basis points in the fourth quarter of 2023. The FHLB New York paid a dividend to member banks at an annualized rate of 888 basis points in 2023. The FHLB New York increased its dividend from 775 basis points in the first quarter of 2023 to 975 basis points in the fourth quarter of 2023. As of December 31, 2023, the Company's investment in FHLB stock met the total stock investment requirement.
The Company invests in the stock of the Federal Reserve Bank of Boston and the Federal Reserve Bank of New York as required by its the Banks' membership in the Federal Reserve system. As of December 31, 2023 and 2022, Federal Reserve Bank stock is recorded at its carrying value, which is equal to cost and which management believes approximates its fair value.
The entire disclosure for assets that are restricted in their use, generally by contractual agreements or regulatory requirements. This would include, but not limited to, a description of the restricted assets and the terms of the restriction.
The following table presents the amortized cost of loans and leases and weighted average coupon rates for the loan and lease portfolios at the dates indicated:
At December 31, 2023
At December 31, 2022
Balance
Weighted Average Coupon
Balance
Weighted Average Coupon
(Dollars In Thousands)
Commercial real estate loans:
Commercial real estate
$
4,047,288
5.47
%
$
3,046,746
4.93
%
Multi-family mortgage
1,415,191
5.14
%
1,150,597
4.74
%
Construction
302,050
6.86
%
206,805
6.51
%
Total commercial real estate loans
5,764,529
5.46
%
4,404,148
4.95
%
Commercial loans and leases:
Commercial
984,441
6.83
%
752,948
6.03
%
Equipment financing
1,370,648
7.76
%
1,216,585
7.04
%
Condominium association
44,579
5.05
%
46,966
4.80
%
Total commercial loans and leases
2,399,668
7.33
%
2,016,499
6.61
%
Consumer loans:
Residential mortgage
1,082,804
4.41
%
844,614
3.98
%
Home equity
344,182
8.03
%
322,622
7.00
%
Other consumer
50,406
7.68
%
56,505
6.65
%
Total consumer loans
1,477,392
5.36
%
1,223,741
4.90
%
Total loans and leases
$
9,641,589
5.91
%
$
7,644,388
5.38
%
Accrued interest on loans and leases, which were excluded from the amortized cost of loans and leases totaled $39.1 million and $26.1 million at December 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively, and were included in other assets in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets.
The net unamortized deferred loan origination costs and premium and discount on acquired loans included in total loans and leases were $(29.0) million and $11.3 million as of December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively.
The Banks and their subsidiaries lend primarily in New England and New York, with the exception of equipment financing, of which 29% is in the Greater New York and New Jersey metropolitan area and 71% of which is in other areas in the United States of America as of December 31, 2023.
Related Party Loans
The Banks' authority to extend credit to their respective directors and executive officers, as well as to entities controlled by such persons, is currently governed by the requirements of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act and Regulation O of the FRB. Among other things, these provisions require that extensions of credit to insiders (1) be made on terms that are substantially the same as, and follow credit underwriting procedures that are not less stringent than, those prevailing for comparable transactions with unaffiliated persons and that do not involve more than the normal risk of repayment or present other unfavorable features; and (2) not exceed certain limitations on the amount of credit extended to such persons, individually and in the aggregate, which limits are based, in part, on the amount of the Banks' capital. In addition, the extensions of credit to insiders must be approved by the applicable Bank's Board of Directors.
The following table summarizes the change in the total amounts of loans and advances to directors, executive officers and their affiliates for the periods indicated. All loans were performing as of December 31, 2023 and 2022.
Year Ended December 31,
2023
2022
(Dollars In Thousands)
Balance at beginning of year
$
123,577
$
111,326
New loans granted during the year
2,942
1,675
New loans to existing relationship
6,408
1,233
Net (repayments)/additional drawals
572
9,343
Balance at end of year
$
133,499
$
123,577
Unfunded commitments on extensions of credit to related parties totaled $30.1 million and $12.1 million as of December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively.
Loans and Leases Pledged as Collateral
As of December 31, 2023 and 2022, there were $3.5 billion and $2.4 billion, respectively, of loans and leases pledged as collateral for repurchase agreements; municipal deposits; treasury, tax and loan deposits; swap agreements; FRB borrowings, and FHLB borrowings. The Banks did not have any outstanding FRB borrowings as of December 31, 2023 and 2022.
The following tables present the changes in the allowance for loan and lease losses and the recorded investment in loans and leases by portfolio segment for the periods indicated:
Year Ended December 31, 2023
Commercial Real Estate
Commercial
Consumer
Total
(In Thousands)
Balance at December 31, 2022
$
68,154
$
26,604
$
3,724
$
98,482
Charge-offs
(1,204)
(19,990)
(41)
(21,235)
Recoveries
132
1,406
34
1,572
Provision (credit) for loan and lease losses excluding unfunded commitments
14,328
21,537
2,838
38,703
Balance at December 31, 2023
$
81,410
$
29,557
$
6,555
$
117,522
The table above excludes the establishment of the initial reserve for PCD loans and leases of $2.3 million, net of
$2.3 million of day one charge-offs recognized at the date of the acquisition in accordance with GAAP.
Year Ended December 31, 2022
Commercial Real Estate
Commercial
Consumer
Total
(In Thousands)
Balance at December 31, 2021
$
69,213
$
27,055
$
2,816
$
99,084
Charge-offs
(37)
(5,068)
(28)
(5,133)
Recoveries
24
1,725
64
1,813
Provision (credit) for loan and lease losses excluding unfunded commitments
(1,046)
2,892
872
2,718
Balance at December 31, 2022
$
68,154
$
26,604
$
3,724
$
98,482
The allowance for credit losses for unfunded credit commitments, which is included in other liabilities, was $19.8 million, and $20.6 million at December 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively. $17.1 million of the allowance for credit losses for unfunded commitments at December 31, 2023 was collectively evaluated.
Provision for Credit Losses
The (credit) provisions for credit losses are set forth below for the periods indicated:
Year Ended December 31,
2023
2022
2021
(In Thousands)
Provision (credit) for loan and lease losses:
Commercial real estate
$
14,328
$
(1,046)
$
(10,903)
Commercial
21,537
2,892
3,480
Consumer
2,838
872
(2,138)
Total provision (credit) for loan and lease losses
38,703
2,718
(9,561)
Unfunded credit commitments
(835)
5,807
1,724
Investment securities available-for-sale
339
102
—
Total provision (credit) for credit losses
$
38,207
$
8,627
$
(7,837)
Allowance for Credit Losses Methodology
Management has established a methodology to determine the adequacy of the allowance for credit losses that assesses the risks and losses expected on the loan and lease portfolio and unfunded commitments. Additions to the allowance for credit losses are made by charges to the provision for credit losses. Losses on loans and leases are charged off against the allowance when all or a portion of a loan or lease is considered uncollectible. Subsequent recoveries on loans previously charged off, if any, are credited to the allowance when realized.
To calculate the allowance for loans collectively evaluated, management uses models developed by a third party. Commercial real estate ("CRE"), commercial and industrial ("C&I"), and retail lifetime loss rate models calculate the expected losses over the life of the loan based on exposure at default loan attributes and reasonable, supportable economic forecasts. The exposure at default considers the current unpaid balance, prepayment assumptions and expected utilization assumptions. The expected loss estimates for two small commercial portfolios are based on historical loss rates.
Key assumptions used in the models include portfolio segmentation, prepayments, and the expected utilization of unfunded commitments, among others. The portfolios are segmented by loan level attributes such as loan type, loan size, date of origination, and delinquency status to create homogenous loan pools. Pool level metrics are calculated and loss rates are subsequently applied to the pools as the loans have like characteristics. Prepayment assumptions are embedded within the models and are based on the same data used for model development and incorporate adjustments for reasonable and supportable forecasts. Model development data and developmental time periods vary by model, but all use at least ten years of historical data and capture at least one recessionary period. Expected utilization is based on current utilization and a loan equivalency ("LEQ") factor. LEQ varies by current utilization and provides a reasonable estimate of expected draws and borrower behavior. Assumptions and model inputs are reviewed in accordance with model monitoring practices and as information becomes available.
The ACL estimate incorporates reasonable and supportable forecasts of various macro-economic variables over the remaining life of loans and leases. The development of the reasonable and supportable forecast assume each macro-economic variable will revert to long-term expectations, with reversion characteristics unique to specific economic indicators and forecasts. Reversion towards long-term expectations generally begins two to three years from the forecast start date and largely completes within the first five years.
Management elected to use multiple economic forecasts in determining the reserve to account for economic uncertainty. The forecasts include various projections of Gross Domestic Product ("GDP"), interest rates, property price indices, and employment measures. Scenario weighting and model parameters are reviewed for each calculation and updated to reflect facts and circumstances as of the financial statement date. The forecasts utilized at December 31, 2023 reflect the immediate and longer-term effects of a rising interest rate environment and inflationary conditions.
As of December 31, 2023, management applied qualitative adjustments to the CRE lifetime loss rate, C&I lifetime loss rate, and retail lifetime loss rate models. These adjustments addressed model limitations, were based on historical loss patterns, and targeted specific risks within certain portfolios. A general qualitative adjustment was applied to all models to account for general economic uncertainty by placing a greater probability on negative economic forecasts. Additional qualitative adjustments were applied to the commercial, multifamily, and commercial real estate (includes owner occupied, non-owner occupied, and construction) portfolios based on the Company’s historical loss experience and the loss experience of the Company’s peer group. High risk segments of the Eastern Funding portfolios also received additional qualitative adjustments based on recent loss history and expected liquidation values. These qualitative adjustments resulted in additions to reserves for all portfolios, as compared to the model output.
Specific reserves are established for loans individually evaluated for impairment when amortized cost basis is greater than the discounted present value of expected future cash flows or, in the case of collateral-dependent loans, when there is an excess of a loan's amortized cost basis over the fair value of its underlying collateral. When loans and leases do not share risk characteristics with other financial assets they are evaluated individually. Individually evaluated loans are reviewed quarterly with adjustments made to the calculated reserve as necessary.
The general allowance for loan and lease losses was $108.4 million as of December 31, 2023, compared to $95.4 million as of December 31, 2022. The increase in the general allowance was primarily driven by the acquisition of PCSB Bank in 2023, which contributed $14.7 million of the $13.0 million increase, and was offset by an overall decrease in the general allowance of all entities, excluding PCSB Bank.
The specific allowance for loan and lease losses was $9.1 million as of December 31, 2023, compared to $3.1 million as of December 31, 2022. The increase of $6.0 million was primarily driven by a $5.0 million increase in the specific reserve for commercial real estate relationships and a $1.5 million increase in specific reserve for select equipment financing relationships, offset by a $0.6 million decrease in the specific reserve for C&I relationships.
As of December 31, 2023, management believes that the methodology for calculating the allowance is sound and that the allowance provides a reasonable basis for determining and reporting on expected losses over the lifetime of the Company’s loan portfolio.
Credit Quality Assessment
At the time of loan origination, a rating is assigned based on the capacity to pay and general financial strength of the borrower, the value of assets pledged as collateral, and the evaluation of third party support such as a guarantor. The Company continually monitors the credit quality of the loan portfolio using all available information. The officer responsible for handling each loan is required to initiate changes to risk ratings when changes in facts and circumstances occur that warrant an upgrade or downgrade in a loan rating. Based on this information, loans demonstrating certain payment issues or other weaknesses may be categorized as delinquent, adversely risk-rated, nonperforming and/or put on nonaccrual status. Additionally, in the course of resolving such loans, the Company may choose to restructure the contractual terms of certain loans to match the borrower's ability to repay the loan based on their current financial condition. If a restructured loan meets certain criteria, it may be categorized as a modified loan.
The Company reviews numerous credit quality indicators when assessing the risk in its loan portfolio. For all loans, the Company utilizes an eight-grade loan rating system, which assigns a risk rating to each borrower based on a number of quantitative and qualitative factors associated with a loan transaction. Factors considered include industry and market conditions; position within the industry; earnings trends; operating cash flow; asset/liability values; debt capacity; guarantor strength; management and controls; financial reporting; collateral; and other considerations. In addition, the Company's independent loan review group evaluates the credit quality and related risk ratings in all loan portfolios. The results of these reviews are reported to the Risk Committee of the Board of Directors on a periodic basis and annually to the Board of Directors. For the consumer loans, the Company heavily relies on payment status for calibrating credit risk.
The ratings categories used for assessing credit risk in the commercial real estate, multi-family mortgage, construction, commercial, equipment financing, condominium association and other consumer loan and lease classes are defined as follows:
1 -4 Rating—Pass
Loan rating grades "1" through "4" are classified as "Pass," which indicates borrowers are performing in accordance with the terms of the loan and are less likely to result in loss due to the capacity of the borrower to pay and the adequacy of the value of assets pledged as collateral.
5 Rating—Other Assets Especially Mentioned ("OAEM")
Borrowers exhibit potential credit weaknesses or downward trends deserving management's attention. If not checked or corrected, these trends will weaken the Company's asset and position. While potentially weak, currently these borrowers are marginally acceptable; no loss of principal or interest is envisioned.
6 Rating—Substandard
Borrowers exhibit well defined weaknesses that jeopardize the orderly liquidation of debt. Substandard loans may be inadequately protected by the current net worth and paying capacity of the obligors or by the collateral pledged, if any. Normal repayment from the borrower is in jeopardy. Although no loss of principal is envisioned, there is a distinct possibility that a partial loss of interest and/or principal will occur if the deficiencies are not corrected. Collateral coverage may be inadequate to cover the principal obligation.
7 Rating—Doubtful
Borrowers exhibit well-defined weaknesses that jeopardize the orderly liquidation of debt with the added provision that the weaknesses make collection of the debt in full, on the basis of currently existing facts, conditions, and values, highly questionable and improbable. Serious problems exist to the point where partial loss of principal is likely.
8 Rating—Definite Loss
Borrowers deemed incapable of repayment. Loans to such borrowers are considered uncollectible and of such little value that continuation as active assets of the Company is not warranted.
Assets rated as "OAEM," "substandard" or "doubtful" based on criteria established under banking regulations are collectively referred to as "criticized" assets.
Credit Quality Information
The following tables present the recorded investment in loans in each class as of December 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022 by credit quality indicator and year originated.
December 31, 2023
2023
2022
2021
2020
2019
Prior
Revolving Loans
Revolving Loans Converted to Term Loans
Total
(In Thousands)
Commercial Real Estate
Pass
$
386,962
$
690,374
$
776,834
$
378,322
$
422,028
$
1,245,148
$
75,746
$
14,882
$
3,990,296
OAEM
—
—
2,529
3,300
1,784
1,674
—
—
9,287
Substandard
—
—
—
—
22,685
23,089
—
—
45,774
Doubtful
—
—
—
—
—
1,931
—
—
1,931
Total
386,962
690,374
779,363
381,622
446,497
1,271,842
75,746
14,882
4,047,288
Current -period gross writeoffs
—
4
942
—
—
258
—
—
1,204
December 31, 2023
2023
2022
2021
2020
2019
Prior
Revolving Loans
Revolving Loans Converted to Term Loans
Total
(In Thousands)
Multi-Family Mortgage
Pass
68,963
217,727
256,198
165,770
193,162
468,623
5,947
36,585
1,412,975
Substandard
—
—
—
—
—
2,216
—
—
2,216
Total
68,963
217,727
256,198
165,770
193,162
470,839
5,947
36,585
1,415,191
Construction
Pass
25,691
212,904
36,192
6,292
1,176
239
5,984
—
288,478
Substandard
—
2,417
11,155
—
—
—
—
—
13,572
Total
25,691
215,321
47,347
6,292
1,176
239
5,984
—
302,050
Commercial
Pass
220,563
137,332
125,385
37,601
23,046
69,104
337,316
3,570
953,917
OAEM
—
—
79
2,081
1,291
—
1,827
8,225
13,503
Substandard
4
—
9
—
12,362
273
981
3,388
17,017
Doubtful
—
—
—
—
1
1
—
2
4
December 31, 2023
2023
2022
2021
2020
2019
Prior
Revolving Loans
Revolving Loans Converted to Term Loans
Total
(In Thousands)
Total
220,567
137,332
125,473
39,682
36,700
69,378
340,124
15,185
984,441
Current-period gross writeoffs
1,000
3,500
4,842
1,164
673
2,379
—
—
13,558
Equipment Financing
Pass
443,878
389,083
205,208
125,888
88,465
74,727
12,919
5,740
1,345,908
OAEM
—
2,144
1,232
1,033
159
—
—
—
4,568
Substandard
1,250
8,107
4,105
2,181
2,255
2,259
—
—
20,157
Doubtful
—
—
—
—
—
15
—
—
15
Total
445,128
399,334
210,545
129,102
90,879
77,001
12,919
5,740
1,370,648
Current-period gross writeoffs
498
1,075
1,915
122
553
2,275
—
—
6,438
Condominium Association
Pass
4,460
7,569
9,186
6,686
4,414
9,086
3,010
168
44,579
Total
4,460
7,569
9,186
6,686
4,414
9,086
3,010
168
44,579
Other Consumer
Pass
408
200
516
5
21
2,062
47,191
3
50,406
Total
408
200
516
5
21
2,062
47,191
3
50,406
Current-period gross writeoffs
6
—
2
—
11
9
—
—
28
Total
Pass
1,150,925
1,655,189
1,409,519
720,564
732,312
1,868,989
488,113
60,948
8,086,559
OAEM
—
2,144
3,840
6,414
3,234
1,674
1,827
8,225
27,358
Substandard
1,254
10,524
15,269
2,181
37,302
27,837
981
3,388
98,736
Doubtful
—
—
—
—
1
1,947
—
2
1,950
Total
$
1,152,179
$
1,667,857
$
1,428,628
$
729,159
$
772,849
$
1,900,447
$
490,921
$
72,563
$
8,214,603
As of December 31, 2023, there were no loans categorized as definite loss.
December 31, 2022
2022
2021
2020
2019
2018
Prior
Revolving Loans
Revolving Loans Converted to Term Loans
Total
(In Thousands)
Commercial Real Estate
Pass
$
475,105
$
622,952
$
290,913
$
362,339
$
210,954
$
971,274
$
55,464
$
9,167
$
2,998,168
OAEM
—
2,600
112
14,805
2,841
25,875
—
—
46,233
December 31, 2022
Substandard
—
—
—
—
—
2,345
—
—
2,345
Total
475,105
625,552
291,025
377,144
213,795
999,494
55,464
9,167
3,046,746
Multi-Family Mortgage
Pass
162,139
226,502
132,893
114,109
142,271
324,415
4,823
36,662
1,143,814
Substandard
—
—
—
—
—
6,783
—
—
6,783
Total
162,139
226,502
132,893
114,109
142,271
331,198
4,823
36,662
1,150,597
Construction
Pass
82,650
73,995
13,787
16,421
3,306
—
6,456
—
196,615
OAEM
842
8,641
—
—
—
—
—
—
9,483
Substandard
—
—
—
—
—
707
—
—
707
Total
83,492
82,636
13,787
16,421
3,306
707
6,456
—
206,805
Commercial
Pass
178,212
116,674
48,713
22,809
29,350
52,866
273,467
1,071
723,162
OAEM
—
109
—
14,821
—
—
2,187
—
17,117
Substandard
—
3,835
1,215
494
—
30
6,461
632
12,667
Doubtful
—
—
—
—
—
1
—
1
2
Total
178,212
120,618
49,928
38,124
29,350
52,897
282,115
1,704
752,948
Equipment Financing
Pass
443,323
282,398
185,007
140,931
76,595
60,980
13,236
1,301
1,203,771
OAEM
1,019
1,453
184
455
13
—
—
—
3,124
Substandard
608
784
1,514
2,597
2,503
1,669
—
—
9,675
Doubtful
—
—
—
—
2
13
—
—
15
Total
444,950
284,635
186,705
143,983
79,113
62,662
13,236
1,301
1,216,585
Condominium Association
Pass
5,821
7,743
8,810
5,858
1,603
12,227
4,823
23
46,908
Substandard
—
—
—
—
—
58
—
—
58
Total
5,821
7,743
8,810
5,858
1,603
12,285
4,823
23
46,966
Other Consumer
Pass
411
393
15
13
1,503
750
53,418
1
56,504
Substandard
—
—
—
—
—
—
1
—
1
Total
411
393
15
13
1,503
750
53,419
1
56,505
Total
Pass
1,347,661
1,330,657
680,138
662,480
465,582
1,422,512
411,687
48,225
6,368,942
OAEM
1,861
12,803
296
30,081
2,854
25,875
2,187
—
75,957
Substandard
608
4,619
2,729
3,091
2,503
11,592
6,462
632
32,236
Doubtful
—
—
—
—
2
14
—
1
17
Total
$
1,350,130
$
1,348,079
$
683,163
$
695,652
$
470,941
$
1,459,993
$
420,336
$
48,858
$
6,477,152
As of December 31, 2022, there were no loans categorized as definite loss.
For residential mortgage and home equity loans, the borrowers' credit scores contribute as a reserve metric in the retail loss rate model.
December 31, 2023
2023
2022
2021
2020
2019
Prior
Revolving Loans
Revolving Loans Converted to Term Loans
Total
(In Thousands)
Residential
Credit Scores
Over 700
$
72,022
$
161,491
$
210,338
$
118,752
$
84,792
$
261,474
$
4,998
$
439
$
914,306
661 - 700
12,200
20,824
11,059
7,970
4,402
24,152
—
—
80,607
600 and below
1,943
12,108
7,197
7,093
5,449
23,838
—
—
57,628
Data not available*
1,353
2,246
3,025
—
448
23,163
28
—
30,263
Total
87,518
196,669
231,619
133,815
95,091
332,627
5,026
439
1,082,804
Current-period gross writeoffs
—
—
—
—
—
25
—
—
25
Home Equity
Credit Scores
Over 700
5,505
3,807
1,667
769
1,218
7,366
272,169
4,617
297,118
661 - 700
1,005
310
—
36
—
671
21,936
830
24,788
600 and below
148
143
41
—
39
402
17,349
2,008
20,130
Data not available*
23
—
1
—
—
45
2,062
15
2,146
Total
$
6,681
$
4,260
$
1,709
$
805
$
1,257
$
8,484
$
313,516
$
7,470
$
344,182
* Represents loans made to trusts and purchased mortgages.
December 31, 2022
2022
2021
2020
2019
2018
Prior
Revolving Loans
Revolving Loans Converted to Term Loans
Total
(In Thousands)
Residential
Credit Scores
Over 700
$
108,125
$
176,341
$
95,484
$
61,763
$
38,949
$
132,359
$
4,942
$
348
$
618,311
661 - 700
15,018
21,450
17,611
11,388
8,308
29,999
—
—
103,774
600 and below
6,133
3,754
5,275
2,833
2,264
14,688
—
—
34,947
Data not available*
28,097
6,661
712
3,316
—
48,796
—
—
87,582
Total
157,373
208,206
119,082
79,300
49,521
225,842
4,942
348
844,614
Home Equity
Credit Scores
Over 700
3,833
1,399
1,128
1,209
984
6,862
247,188
2,304
264,907
661 - 700
787
92
35
249
272
1,329
41,050
296
44,110
600 and below
89
87
48
93
—
360
8,744
595
10,016
Data not available*
6
6
—
—
—
1,029
2,279
269
3,589
Total
$
4,715
$
1,584
$
1,211
$
1,551
$
1,256
$
9,580
$
299,261
$
3,464
$
322,622
* Represents loans made to trusts and purchased mortgages.
Age Analysis of Past Due Loans and Leases
The following tables present an age analysis of the recorded investment in total loans and leases as of December 31, 2023 and 2022.
At December 31, 2023
Past Due
Past Due Greater Than 90 Days and Accruing
Non-accrual
Non-accrual with no related Allowance
31-60 Days
61-90 Days
Greater Than 90 Days
Total
Current
Total Loans and Leases
(In Thousands)
Commercial real estate loans:
Commercial real estate
$
2,578
$
214
$
16,915
$
19,707
$
4,027,581
$
4,047,288
$
227
$
19,608
$
740
Multi-family mortgage
346
—
—
346
1,414,845
1,415,191
—
—
—
Construction
—
—
—
—
302,050
302,050
—
—
—
Total commercial real estate loans
2,924
214
16,915
20,053
5,744,476
5,764,529
227
19,608
740
Commercial loans and leases:
Commercial
829
75
3,808
4,712
979,729
984,441
—
3,886
—
Equipment financing
3,202
4,367
8,984
16,553
1,354,095
1,370,648
—
14,984
2,474
Condominium association
—
—
—
—
44,579
44,579
—
—
—
Total commercial loans and leases
4,031
4,442
12,792
21,265
2,378,403
2,399,668
—
18,870
2,474
Consumer loans:
Residential mortgage
934
600
3,063
4,597
1,078,207
1,082,804
—
4,292
2,563
Home equity
1,290
44
387
1,721
342,461
344,182
1
860
—
Other consumer
—
—
—
—
50,406
50,406
—
—
—
Total consumer loans
2,224
644
3,450
6,318
1,471,074
1,477,392
1
5,152
2,563
Total loans and leases
$
9,179
$
5,300
$
33,157
$
47,636
$
9,593,953
$
9,641,589
$
228
$
43,630
$
5,777
There is no interest income recognized on non-accrual loans for the year ending December 31, 2023.
At December 31, 2022
Past Due
Past Due Greater Than 90 Days and Accruing
31-60 Days
61-90 Days
Greater Than 90 Days
Total
Current
Total Loans and Leases
Non-accrual
Non-accrual with no related Allowance
(In Thousands)
Commercial real estate loans:
Commercial real estate
$
2,495
$
199
$
408
$
3,102
$
3,043,644
$
3,046,746
$
—
$
607
$
262
Multi-family mortgage
—
180
—
180
1,150,417
1,150,597
—
—
—
Construction
707
—
—
707
206,098
206,805
—
707
707
Total commercial real estate loans
3,202
379
408
3,989
4,400,159
4,404,148
—
1,314
969
Commercial loans and leases:
Commercial
740
—
343
1,083
751,865
752,948
—
464
—
Equipment financing
5,103
1,764
6,205
13,072
1,203,513
1,216,585
28
9,653
399
Condominium association
2,072
—
—
2,072
44,894
46,966
—
58
—
Total commercial loans and leases
7,915
1,764
6,548
16,227
2,000,272
2,016,499
28
10,175
399
Consumer loans:
Residential mortgage
677
70
1,466
2,213
842,401
844,614
1
2,680
1,091
Home equity
443
—
155
598
322,024
322,622
4
723
—
Other consumer
1
5
2
8
56,497
56,505
—
2
—
Total consumer loans
1,121
75
1,623
2,819
1,220,922
1,223,741
5
3,405
1,091
Total loans and leases
$
12,238
$
2,218
$
8,579
$
23,035
$
7,621,353
$
7,644,388
$
33
$
14,894
$
2,459
There is no interest income recognized on non-accrual loans for the year ending December 31, 2022.
Impaired Loans and Leases
A loan is considered to be impaired when, based on current information and events, it is probable that the Company will be unable to collect all amounts due (both interest and principal) according to the contractual terms of the loan agreement. The loans and leases risk-rated "substandard" or worse are considered impaired. The Company has also defined the population of impaired loans to include nonaccrual loans and modified loans. Impaired loans and leases which do not share similar risk characteristics with other loans are individually evaluated for credit losses. Specific reserves are established for loans and leases with deterioration in the present value of expected future cash flows or, in the case of collateral-dependent loans and leases, any increase in the loan or lease amortized cost basis over the fair value of the underlying collateral discounted for estimated selling costs. In contrast, the loans and leases which share similar risk characteristics and are not included in the individually evaluated population are collectively evaluated for credit losses.
The following tables present information regarding individually evaluated and collectively evaluated allowance for loan and lease losses for credit losses on loans and leases at the dates indicated.
At December 31, 2023
Commercial Real Estate
Commercial
Consumer
Total
(In Thousands)
Allowance for Loan and Lease Losses:
Individually evaluated
$
5,104
$
3,947
$
35
$
9,086
Collectively evaluated
76,306
25,610
6,520
108,436
Total
$
81,410
$
29,557
$
6,555
$
117,522
Loans and Leases:
Individually evaluated
$
64,953
$
27,083
$
4,750
$
96,786
Collectively evaluated
5,699,576
2,372,585
1,472,642
9,544,803
Total
$
5,764,529
$
2,399,668
$
1,477,392
$
9,641,589
At December 31, 2022
Commercial Real Estate
Commercial
Consumer
Total
(In Thousands)
Allowance for Loan and Lease Losses:
Individually evaluated
$
62
$
2,982
$
68
$
3,112
Collectively evaluated
68,092
23,622
3,656
95,370
Total
$
68,154
$
26,604
$
3,724
$
98,482
Loan and Lease Losses:
Individually evaluated
$
11,039
$
14,346
$
3,863
$
29,248
Collectively evaluated
4,393,109
2,002,153
1,219,878
7,615,140
Total
$
4,404,148
$
2,016,499
$
1,223,741
$
7,644,388
Loan Modifications
In January 2023, the Company adopted ASU 2022-02, “Financial Instruments - Credit Losses (Topic 326): Troubled Debt Restructurings and Vintage Disclosures” (“ASU 2022-02”), which eliminated the accounting guidance for troubled debt restructurings (“TDRs”) while enhancing disclosure requirements for certain loan refinancing and restructurings by creditors when a borrower is experiencing financial difficulty. This guidance was applied on a prospective basis. Upon adoption of this guidance, the Company estimates the reserve for modifications to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty in a manner similar to the process for non-modified loans.
The following tables present the amortized cost basis of loan modifications made to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty during the periods indicated.
At December 31, 2023
Number of Loans
Amortized Cost
% of Total Class of Loans and Leases
Financial Effect
(In thousands)
Maturity Extension
CRE
1
$
3,195
0.06
%
The loan was given a one year maturity extension. The financial effect was deemed "de minimis."
C&I
12
14,463
0.98
%
All 12 loans were given six month maturity extensions to assist borrowers. The financial effect was deemed "de minimis."
Significant Payment Delays
C&I
2
16
—
%
Both loans were given restructured payment plans to assist borrowers. The financial effect was deemed "de minimis."
Combination - Maturity Extension and Significant Payment Delays
CRE
2
18,792
0.33
%
Loans were given two year maturity extensions, with a partial deferral of interest payments. The financial effect was deemed "de minimis."
C&I
10
4,650
0.30
%
Loans were given one to 30 months of payment delays and three to 30 month term extensions. The financial effect was deemed "de minimis."
Combination - Maturity Extension and Interest Rate Reduction
C&I
10
985
0.07
%
A portion of loans were given four month maturity extensions and interest rate reductions. Other loans were given two year maturity extensions and a 5% fixed rate. The financial effect was deemed "de minimis."
Total
37
$
42,101
1.74
%
The following tables present the aging analysis of loan modifications made to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty during the periods indicated.
At December 31, 2023
Current
30-60 Days Past Due
61-90 Days Past Due
90+ Days Past Due
Modified
(In thousands)
Total Modifications
$
41,993
16
—
92
—
The following table sets forth information regarding troubled debt restructured loans and leases at the dates indicated:
At December 31, 2022
(In Thousands)
Troubled debt restructurings:
On accrual
$
16,385
On nonaccrual
3,527
Total troubled debt restructurings
$
19,912
Total TDR loans and leases were $19.9 million at December 31, 2022.
(1) Includes loans and leases that have been modified within the past twelve months and subsequently had payment defaults during the period indicated.
The following table sets forth the Company's end-of-period balances for TDRs that were modified during the periods indicated, by type of modification.
Year Ended December 31,
2022
2021
(In Thousands)
Extended maturity
$
6,931
$
2,704
Combination maturity, principal, interest rate
847
2,679
Total loans modified
$
7,778
$
5,383
The TDR loans and leases that were modified for the year ending December 31, 2022 were $7.8 million.
Net charge-offs of the performing and nonperforming troubled debt restructuring loans and leases for the year ending December 31, 2022 were $0.1 million.
The commitments to lend funds to debtors owning receivables whose terms had been modified in TDRs as of December 31, 2022 were $1.9 million.
Depreciation and amortization expense is calculated using the straight-line method and is included in occupancy and equipment and data processing expense in the Consolidated Statements of Income. For the years ended December 31, 2023, and 2022, depreciation and amortization expense related to premises and equipment totaled $8.5 million, and $6.1 million respectively.
The entire disclosure for long-lived, physical asset used in normal conduct of business and not intended for resale. Includes, but is not limited to, work of art, historical treasure, and similar asset classified as collections.
The changes in the carrying value of goodwill for the periods indicated were as follows:
Year Ended December 31,
2023
2022
(In Thousands)
Balance at beginning of year
$
160,427
$
160,427
Additions
80,795
—
Balance at end of year
$
241,222
$
160,427
The following is a summary of the Company's other intangible assets:
At December 31, 2023
At December 31, 2022
Gross Amount
Accumulated Amortization
Carrying Amount
Gross Amount
Accumulated Amortization
Carrying Amount
(In Thousands)
Other intangible assets:
Core deposits
$
68,560
$
45,442
$
23,118
$
38,294
$
37,602
$
692
Trade name
1,600
511
1,089
1,600
511
1,089
Trust relationship
1,568
1,568
—
1,568
1,568
—
Other intangible
442
442
—
442
442
—
Total other intangible assets
$
72,170
$
47,963
$
24,207
$
41,904
$
40,123
$
1,781
The addition of goodwill and the increase in core deposit intangibles at December 31, 2023 are both due to the acquisition of PCSB which was closed on January 1, 2023.
At December 31, 2013, the Company concluded that the BankRI name would continue to be utilized in its marketing strategies; therefore, the trade name with carrying value of $1.1 million, has an indefinite life and ceased to amortize.
The weighted-average amortization period for the core deposit intangible is 5.98 years. There were no impairment losses relating to other acquisition-related intangible assets recorded during the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021.
The estimated aggregate future amortization expense for other intangible assets for each of the next five years and thereafter is as follows:
BOLI is recorded at the cash surrender value of the policies, less any applicable cash surrender charges, and is recorded in other assets. As of December 31, 2023 and 2022, BankRI owned seven policies with a net cash surrender value of $44.8 million. As of December 31, 2023, PCSB owned four policies with a net cash surrender value of $36.9 million. As of December 31, 2023 and 2022, Brookline Bank, as successor-in-interest to First Ipswich Bank owned two policies with a net cash surrender value of $0.7 million, respectively.
The Company recorded a total of $2.1 million, $1.0 million, and $1.2 million of tax exempt income from these policies in 2023, 2022, and 2021, respectively. They are included in the Company’s other non-interest income in the consolidated statements of income. Included in the 2023 and 2021 income is a death benefit received on a former employee in the amount of $256 thousand and $228 thousand respectively.
Affordable Housing Investments
The Company invests in affordable housing projects that benefit low- and moderate-income individuals. As of December 31, 2023, the Company had investments in 20 of these projects. The project sponsor or general partner controls the
project's management. In each case, the Company is a limited partner with less than 99% of the outstanding equity interest in any single project.
The Company uses the proportional amortization method to account for investments in affordable housing projects. The proportional amortization method calculation and the operating losses or gains for these investments are included as a component of the provision for income taxes in the Company’s consolidated statements of income. Under the proportional amortization method, the initial costs of the investment in qualified affordable housing projects is amortized based on the tax credits and other benefits received.
Further information regarding the Company's investments in affordable housing projects follows:
At December 31,
2023
2022
(In Thousands)
Investments in affordable housing projects included in other assets
$
30,245
$
21,985
Unfunded commitments related to affordable housing projects included in other liabilities
14,888
5,211
Investment in affordable housing tax credits
2,951
2,941
Investment in affordable housing tax benefits
521
547
For the year ended December 31,
2023
2022
2021
(In Thousands)
Investment amortization included in provision for income taxes
Certificate of deposit accounts issued in amounts of $250,000 or more totaled $484.0 million and $272.2 million as of December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively.
Interest expense on deposit balances is summarized as follows
Year Ended December 31,
2023
2022
2021
(In Thousands)
Interest-bearing deposits:
NOW accounts
$
4,275
$
853
$
493
Savings accounts
27,974
2,228
950
Money market accounts
58,153
15,392
6,214
Certificate of deposit accounts
44,122
8,210
11,758
Brokered deposit accounts
41,141
2,909
1,298
Total interest-bearing deposits
$
175,665
$
29,592
$
20,713
Related Party Deposits
Deposit accounts of directors, executive officers and their affiliates totaled $69.3 million and $72.8 million as of December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively.
Collateral Pledged to Deposits
As of December 31, 2023 and 2022, $262.8 million and $205.6 million, respectively, of collateral was pledged for municipal deposits and TT&L.
The entire disclosure for deposit liabilities including data and tables. It may include a description of the entity's deposit liabilities, the aggregate amount of time deposits (including certificates of deposit) in denominations of $100,000 or more at the balance sheet date; the aggregate amount of any demand deposits that have been reclassified as loan balances, such as overdrafts, at the balance sheet date; deposits that are received on terms other than those in the normal course of business, the amount of accrued interest on deposit liabilities; securities, mortgage loans or other financial instruments that serve as collateral for deposits; for time deposits having a remaining term of more than one year, the aggregate amount of maturities for each of the five years following the balance sheet date; and the weighted average interest rate for all deposit liabilities held by the entity.
Interest expense on borrowed funds for the periods indicated is as follows:
Year Ended December 31,
2023
2022
2021
(In Thousands)
Advances from the FHLB
$
52,467
$
9,355
$
3,302
Subordinated debentures and notes
5,476
5,133
4,967
Other borrowed funds
3,968
1,335
174
Total interest expense on borrowed funds
$
61,911
$
15,823
$
8,443
Collateral Pledged to Borrowed Funds
As of December 31, 2023 and 2022, $4.3 billion and $2.1 billion, respectively, of investment securities and loans and leases, were pledged as collateral for repurchase agreements, swap agreements, FHLB/FRB borrowings, municipal deposits, and TT&L. The Banks did not have any outstanding FRB borrowings as of December 31, 2023 and 2022.
Advances from the FHLB of Boston and FHLB of New York
(1) Excludes $0.1 million in FHLB borrowings fair value adjustment related to the acquisition of PCSB in 2023.
Actual maturities of the advances may differ from those presented above since the FHLB has the right to call certain advances prior to the scheduled maturity.
The FHLB advances are secured by blanket pledge agreements which require the Banks to maintain certain qualifying assets as collateral. The Banks did not have any FRB borrowings as of December 31, 2023. The Company's remaining borrowing capacity from the FHLB of Boston and FHLB of New York for advances and repurchase agreements was $1.3 billion as of December 31, 2023. The total amount of qualifying collateral for FHLB and FRB borrowings was $3.9 billion as of December 31, 2023.
Other Borrowed Funds
Information concerning other borrowed funds is as follows for the periods indicated below:
Year Ended December 31,
2023
2022
(Dollars In Thousands)
Outstanding at end of year
$
69,256
$
110,785
Average outstanding for the year
124,793
118,383
Maximum outstanding at any month-end
224,020
150,486
Weighted average rate at end of year
4.66
%
2.38
%
Weighted average rate paid for the year
3.18
%
1.13
%
In addition to advances from the FHLB and subordinated debentures and notes, the Company utilizes other funding sources as part of the overall liquidity strategy. Those funding sources include repurchase agreements and committed and uncommitted lines of credit with several financial institutions.
The Company periodically enters into repurchase agreements with its larger deposit and commercial customers as part of its cash management services which are typically overnight borrowings. Repurchase agreements with customers decreased $42.7 million to $9.3 million as of December 31, 2023 from $52.0 million as of December 31, 2022.
As of December 31, 2023, the Banks also have access to funding through certain uncommitted lines via American Financial Exchange (AFX) as well as other large financial institution specific lines.
The Company has access to the FRB's "discount window" to supplement its liquidity. The Company has $273.0 million of borrowing capacity at the FRB as of December 31, 2023. As of December 31, 2023, the Company did not have any borrowings with the FRB outstanding. As of December 31, 2023, the Company had no borrowings outstanding with these committed and uncommitted lines.
Subordinated Debentures and Notes
On September 15, 2014, the Company issued $75.0 million of 6.0% fixed-to-floating subordinated notes due September 15, 2029. The Company is obligated to pay 6.0% interest semiannually between September 2014 and September 2024. Subsequently, the Company is obligated to pay 3-month LIBOR plus 3.315% quarterly until the notes mature in September 2029.
The following table summarizes the Company's subordinated debentures and notes at the dates indicated.
Carrying Amount
Issue Date
Rate
Maturity Date
Next Call Date
December 31, 2023
December 31, 2022
(Dollars in Thousands)
June 26, 2003
Variable;
3-month SOFR + 3.10%
June 26, 2033
March 25, 2024
$
4,904
$
4,887
March 17, 2004
Variable;
3-month CME term SOFR + tenor spread adjustment + 2.79%
March 17, 2034
March 17, 2024
4,857
4,830
September 15, 2014
6.0% Fixed-to-Variable;
3-month LIBOR + 3.315%
September 15, 2029
September 15, 2024
74,427
74,327
Total
$
84,188
$
84,044
The above carrying amounts of the acquired subordinated debentures included $0.2 million of accretion adjustments and $0.6 million of capitalized debt issuance costs as of December 31, 2023. This compares to $0.3 million of accretion adjustments and $0.7 million of capitalized debt issuance costs as of December 31, 2022.
The entire disclosure for information about short-term and long-term debt arrangements, which includes amounts of borrowings under each line of credit, note payable, commercial paper issue, bonds indenture, debenture issue, own-share lending arrangements and any other contractual agreement to repay funds, and about the underlying arrangements, rationale for a classification as long-term, including repayment terms, interest rates, collateral provided, restrictions on use of assets and activities, whether or not in compliance with debt covenants, and other matters important to users of the financial statements, such as the effects of refinancing and noncompliance with debt covenants.
The Company is party to off-balance sheet financial instruments in the normal course of business to meet the financing needs of its customers and to reduce its own exposure to fluctuations in interest rates. These financial instruments include loan commitments, standby and commercial letters of credits, and loan level derivatives. According to GAAP, these financial instruments are not recorded in the financial statements until they are funded or related fees are incurred or received.
The contract amounts reflect the extent of the involvement the Company has in particular classes of these instruments. Such commitments involve, to varying degrees, elements of credit risk and interest-rate risk in excess of the amount recognized in the consolidated balance sheets. The Company's exposure to credit loss in the event of non-performance by the counterparty is represented by the fair value of the instruments. The Company uses the same policies in making commitments and conditional obligations as it does for on-balance sheet instruments.
Financial instruments with off-balance-sheet risk at the dates indicated follow:
Commitments to extend credit are agreements to lend to a customer as long as there is no violation of any condition established in the contract. Commitments generally have fixed expiration dates or other termination clauses and may require the payment of a fee by the customer. Since some of the commitments are expected to expire without being drawn upon, the total
commitment amounts do not necessarily represent future cash requirements. The Company evaluates each customer's creditworthiness on a case-by-case basis. The amount of collateral obtained, if any, is based on management's credit evaluation of the borrower.
Standby and commercial letters of credits are conditional commitments issued by the Company to guarantee performance of a customer to a third party. These standby and commercial letters of credit are primarily issued to support the financing needs of the Company's commercial customers. The credit risk involved in issuing letters of credit is essentially the same as that involved in extending loans to customers.
The reserve for unfunded credit commitments, which is included in other liabilities, was $19.8 million and $20.6 million as of December 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively. See Note 7, "Allowance for Credit Losses" for further discussion on the Company's methodology for determining the ACL, which includes the reserve for unfunded commitments.
From time to time, the Company enters into loan level derivatives, risk participation agreements or foreign exchange contracts with commercial customers and third-party financial institutions. These derivatives allow the Company to offer long-term fixed-rate commercial loans while mitigating the interest-rate or foreign exchange risk of holding those loans. In a loan level derivative transaction, the Company lends to a commercial customer on a floating-rate basis and then enters into a loan level derivative with that customer. Concurrently, the Company enters into offsetting swaps with a third-party financial institution, effectively minimizing its net interest-rate risk exposure resulting from such transactions. The fair value of these derivatives are presented in Footnote 16.
Lease Commitments
The Company leases certain office space under various noncancellable operating leases as well as other assets. These leases have terms ranging from 1 year to over 20 years. Certain leases contain renewal options and escalation clauses which can increase rental expenses based principally on the consumer price index and fair market rental value provisions. All of the Company's current outstanding leases are classified as operating leases.
The Company considered the following criteria when determining whether a contract contains a lease, the existence of an identifiable asset and the right to obtain substantially all of the economic benefits from use of the asset through the period. The Company used the FHLB classic advance rates available as of the lease's start dates as as the discount rate to determine the net present value of the remaining lease payments.
Total lease commitments increased from $19.5 million as of December 31, 2022 to $32.0 million as of December 31, 2023. The increase is primarily due to the addition of leases for PCSB Bank locations.
At December 31, 2023
At December 31, 2022
At December 31, 2021
(In Thousands)
The components of lease expense were as follow:
Operating lease cost
$
8,527
$
6,305
$
6,163
Supplemental cash flow information related to leases was as follows:
Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of lease liabilities:
Operating cash flows for operating leases
$
8,901
$
6,481
$
6,246
Right-of-use assets obtained in exchange for new lease obligations:
Operating leases assets
$
15,073
$
2,082
$
790
Operating leases liabilities
$
16,672
$
2,082
$
790
Supplemental balance sheet information related to leases was as follows:
Operating Leases
Operating lease right-of-use assets
$
30,863
$
19,484
$
20,508
Operating lease liabilities
31,998
19,484
20,508
Weighted Average Remaining Lease Term
Operating leases
8.87
7.39
6.36
Weighted Average Discount Rate
Operating leases
4.0
%
3.5
%
3.1
%
A summary of future minimum rental payments under such leases at the dates indicated follows:
Year ended December 31,
Minimum Rental Payments
(In Thousands)
2024
$
8,112
2025
6,686
2026
5,282
2027
4,323
2028
2,826
Thereafter
9,676
Total
$
36,905
Less imputed interest
(4,907)
$
31,998
Certain leases contain escalation clauses for real estate taxes and other expenditures, which are not included above. Total rental expense was $8.5 million in 2023. This compares to total rent expense of $6.0 million and $5.9 million in 2022 and 2021, respectively.
A portion of the Company's headquarters was rented to third-party tenants which generated rental income of $0.2 million in 2023 compared to $0.2 million and $0.1 million in 2022 and 2021 respectively.
Legal Proceedings
In the normal course of business, there are various outstanding legal proceedings. In the opinion of management, after consulting with legal counsel, the consolidated financial position and results of operations of the Company are not expected to be affected materially by the outcome of such proceedings.
The entire disclosure for operating leases of lessee. Includes, but is not limited to, description of operating lease and maturity analysis of operating lease liability.
Comprehensive income (loss) represents the sum of net income (loss) and other comprehensive income (loss). For the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021, the Company’s other comprehensive income (loss) include the following three components: (i) unrealized holding gains (losses) on investment securities available-for-sale; (ii) change in the fair value of cash flow hedges and (iii) adjustment of accumulated obligation for postretirement benefits.
Changes in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) by component, net of tax, were as follows for the periods indicated:
Year Ended December 31, 2023
Investment
Securities
Available-for-Sale
Net Change in Fair Value of Cash Flow Hedges
Postretirement Benefits
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)
(In Thousands)
Balance at December 31, 2022
$
(60,193)
$
(2,242)
$
488
$
(61,947)
Other comprehensive income (loss)
7,647
(2,026)
1,135
6,756
Reclassification adjustment for (income) expense recognized in earnings
—
2,687
(294)
2,393
Balance at December 31, 2023
$
(52,546)
$
(1,581)
$
1,329
$
(52,798)
Year Ended December 31, 2022
Investment
Securities
Available-for-Sale
Net Change in Fair Value of Cash Flow Hedges
Postretirement Benefits
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)
(In Thousands)
Balance at December 31, 2021
$
(183)
$
37
$
36
$
(110)
Other comprehensive income (loss)
(60,265)
(2,111)
452
(61,924)
Reclassification adjustment for (income) expense recognized in earnings
255
(168)
—
87
Balance at December 31, 2022
$
(60,193)
$
(2,242)
$
488
$
(61,947)
Year Ended December 31, 2021
Investment
Securities
Available-for-Sale
Net Change in Fair Value of Cash Flow Hedges
Postretirement Benefits
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)
(In Thousands)
Balance at December 31, 2020
$
16,582
$
7
$
(99)
$
16,490
Other comprehensive income (loss)
(16,795)
37
183
(16,575)
Reclassification adjustment for (income) expense recognized in earnings
The entire disclosure for comprehensive income, which includes, but is not limited to, 1) the amount of income tax expense or benefit allocated to each component of other comprehensive income, including reclassification adjustments, 2) the reclassification adjustments for each classification of other comprehensive income and 3) the ending accumulated balances for each component of comprehensive income.
The Company executes loan level derivative products such as interest rate swap agreements with commercial banking customers to aid them in managing their interest rate risk. The interest rate swap contracts allow the commercial banking customers to convert floating rate loan payments to fixed rate loan payments. The Company concurrently enters into offsetting swaps with a third party financial institution, effectively minimizing its net risk exposure resulting from such transactions. The third party financial institution exchanges the customer's fixed rate loan payments for floating rate loan payments. As the interest rate swap agreements associated with this program do not meet hedge accounting requirements, changes in the fair value are recognized directly in earnings.
The Company believes using interest rate derivatives adds stability to interest income and expense and allows the Company to manage its exposure to interest rate movements. The Company enters into interest rate swaps as part of its interest rate risk management strategy. These interest rate swaps are designated as cash flow hedges and involve the receipt of fixed rate amounts from a counterparty in exchange for the Company making variable rate payments. The Company enters into interest rate swaps as hedging instruments against the interest rate risk associated with the Company's FHLB borrowings. For derivative instruments that are designated and qualify as cash flow hedging instruments, the effective portion of the gains or losses is reported as a component of other comprehensive income, and is reclassified into earnings in the period that the hedged forecasted transaction affects earnings.
The following table reflects the Company's derivative positions as of the date indicated below for interest rate derivatives which qualify as cash flow hedges for accounting purposes. The Company's cash flow hedges are subject to the hedge accounting provisions of FASB ASC Topic 815, "Derivatives and Hedging".
At December 31, 2023
Notional Amount
Average Maturity
Weighted Average Rate
Fair Value
Current Rate Paid
Received Fixed Swap Rate
(in thousands)
(in years)
(in thousands)
Interest rate swaps on loans
$
225,000
2.90
5.35
%
3.39
%
$
(2,608)
At December 31, 2022
Notional Amount
Average Maturity
Weighted Average Rate
Fair Value
Current Rate Paid
Received Fixed Swap Rate
(in thousands)
(in years)
(in thousands)
Interest rate swaps on loans
$
150,000
3.77
4.11
%
3.26
%
$
(3,030)
The Company utilizes risk participation agreements with other banks participating in commercial loan arrangements. Participating banks guarantee the performance on borrower-related interest rate swap contracts. Risk participation agreements are derivative financial instruments and are recorded at fair value. These derivatives are not designated as hedges and therefore, changes in fair value are recorded directly through earnings at each reporting period. Under a risk participation-out agreement, a derivative asset, the Company participates out a portion of the credit risk associated with the interest rate swap position executed with the commercial borrower, for a fee paid to the participating bank.
The Company offers foreign exchange contracts to commercial borrowers to accommodate their business needs. These foreign exchange contracts do not qualify as hedges for accounting purposes. To mitigate the market and liquidity risk associated with these foreign exchange contracts, the Company enters into similar offsetting positions with a third party financial institution.
Asset derivatives and liability derivatives are included in other assets and accrued expenses and other liabilities on the consolidated balance sheets.
The following tables present the Company's customer related derivative positions for the periods indicated below for those derivatives not designated as hedging:
Notional Amount Maturing
Number of Positions
Less than 1 year
Less than 2 years
Less than 3 years
Less than 4 years
Thereafter
Total
Fair Value
December 31, 2023
(Dollars In Thousands)
Loan level derivatives
Receive fixed, pay variable
153
$
69,135
$
156,567
$
66,330
$
244,615
$
1,196,551
$
1,733,198
$
80,118
Pay fixed, receive variable
153
69,135
156,567
66,330
244,615
1,196,551
1,733,198
80,118
Risk participation-out agreements
67
22,979
33,409
6,038
64,875
415,086
542,387
1,238
Risk participation-in agreements
9
—
—
23,155
3,577
73,581
100,313
310
Foreign exchange contracts
Buys foreign currency, sells U.S. currency
23
$
3,262
$
—
$
—
$
—
$
—
$
3,262
$
139
Sells foreign currency, buys U.S. currency
28
3,895
—
—
—
—
3,895
132
Notional Amount Maturing
Number of Positions
Less than 1 year
Less than 2 years
Less than 3 years
Less than 4 years
Thereafter
Total
Fair Value
December 31, 2022
(Dollars In Thousands)
Loan level derivatives
Receive fixed, pay variable
132
$
71,547
$
69,454
$
141,498
$
68,140
$
1,139,070
$
1,489,709
$
103,640
Pay fixed, receive variable
132
71,547
69,454
141,498
68,140
1,139,070
1,489,709
103,640
Risk participation-out agreements
54
38,931
22,979
27,508
6,222
297,984
393,624
347
Risk participation-in agreements
8
18,421
—
—
23,766
33,036
75,223
31
Foreign exchange contracts
Buys foreign currency, sells U.S. currency
12
$
2,383
$
—
$
—
$
—
$
—
$
2,383
$
130
Sells foreign currency, buys U.S. currency
12
2,400
—
—
—
—
2,400
112
Changes in the fair value are recognized directly in the Company's consolidated statements of income and are included in other non-interest income in the consolidated statements of income. The table below presents the net gain (loss) recognized in income due to changes in the fair value for the year ended December 31, 2023 and 2022.
Year Ended December 31,
2023
2022
(In Thousands)
Net (loss) gain recognized in income on:
Net risk participation agreements
$
612
$
(714)
Foreign exchange contracts
(11)
16
Total
$
601
$
(698)
By using derivative financial instruments, the Company exposes itself to credit risk which is the risk of failure by the counterparty to perform under the terms of the derivative contract. When the fair value of a derivative contract is positive, the counterparty owes the Company, which creates credit risk for the Company. When the fair value of a derivative is negative, the Company owes the counterparty and, therefore, it does not possess credit risk. The credit risk in derivative instruments is mitigated by entering into transactions with highly-rated counterparties that management believes to be creditworthy and by limiting the amount of exposure to each counterparty by either cross collateralizing the underlying hedged loan or through bilateral posting of collateral to cover exposure. As the swaps are subject to master netting agreements, the Company had limited exposure relating to loan level derivatives with institutional counterparties as of December 31, 2023 and 2022. The estimated net credit risk exposure for derivative financial instruments was zero as of December 31, 2023, and 2022.
Certain derivative agreements contain provisions that require the Company to post collateral if the derivative exposure exceeds a threshold amount. The Company posted collateral of $81.5 million and $2.4 million in the normal course of business as of December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively.
The tables below present the offsetting of derivatives and amounts subject to master netting agreements not offset in the consolidated balance sheet at the dates indicated:
At December 31, 2023
Gross Amounts Recognized
Gross Amounts Offset in the Statement of Financial Position
Net Amounts Presented in the Statement of Financial Position
Gross Amounts Not Offset in the Statement of Financial Position
Net Amount
Financial Instruments Pledged
Cash Collateral Pledged
(In Thousands)
Asset derivatives
Derivatives designated as hedging instruments:
Interest rate derivatives
$
234
$
—
$
234
$
—
$
—
$
234
Derivatives not designated as hedging instruments:
Loan level derivatives
$
99,876
$
—
$
99,876
$
—
$
—
$
99,876
Risk participation-out agreements
1,238
—
1,238
—
—
1,238
Foreign exchange contracts
139
—
139
—
—
139
Total
$
101,487
$
—
$
101,487
$
—
$
—
$
101,487
Liability derivatives
Derivatives designated as hedging instruments:
Interest rate derivatives
$
2,842
$
—
$
2,842
$
—
$
—
$
2,842
Derivatives not designated as hedging instruments:
Loan level derivatives
$
99,876
$
—
$
99,876
$
20,353
$
61,153
$
18,370
Risk participation-in agreements
310
—
310
—
—
310
Foreign exchange contracts
132
—
132
—
—
132
Total
$
103,160
$
—
$
103,160
$
20,353
$
61,153
$
21,654
At December 31, 2022
Gross Amounts Recognized
Gross Amounts Offset in the Statement of Financial Position
Net Amounts Presented in the Statement of Financial Position
Gross Amounts Not Offset in the Statement of Financial Position
Net Amount
Financial Instruments Pledged
Cash Collateral Pledged
(In Thousands)
Asset derivatives
Derivatives designated as hedging instruments:
Interest rate derivatives
$
34
$
—
$
34
$
—
$
—
$
34
Derivatives not designated as hedging instruments:
Loan level derivatives
$
108,963
$
—
$
108,963
$
—
$
—
$
108,963
Risk participation-out agreements
347
—
347
—
—
347
Foreign exchange contracts
130
—
130
—
—
130
Total
$
109,474
$
—
$
109,474
$
—
$
—
$
109,474
Liability derivatives
Derivatives designated as hedging instruments:
Interest rate derivatives
$
3,170
$
—
$
3,170
$
—
$
—
$
3,170
Derivatives not designated as hedging instruments:
Loan level derivatives
$
108,963
$
—
$
108,963
$
2,393
$
—
$
106,570
Risk participation-in agreements
31
—
31
—
—
31
Foreign exchange contracts
112
—
112
—
—
112
Total
$
112,276
$
—
$
112,276
$
2,393
$
—
$
109,883
The Company has agreements with certain of its derivative counterparties that contain credit-risk-related contingent provisions. These provisions provide the counterparty with the right to terminate its derivative positions and require the Company to settle its obligations under the agreements if the Company defaults on certain of its indebtedness or if the Company fails to maintain its status as a well-capitalized institution.
Fair Value
Year Ended December 31, 2023
Year Ended December 31, 2022
(Dollars in Thousands)
Derivatives designated as hedges
$
(2,608)
$
(3,136)
(Loss) in OCI on derivatives (effective portion), net of tax
$
(1,582)
$
(2,242)
Gain (loss) reclassified from OCI into interest income or interest expense (effective portion)
$
(3,632)
$
61
The guidance in ASU 2017-12 requires that amounts in accumulated other comprehensive income that are included in the assessment of effectiveness should be reclassified into earnings in the same period in which the hedged forecasted transactions impact earnings. A portion of the balance reported in accumulated other comprehensive income related to derivatives will be reclassified to interest expense as interest payments are made or received on the Company’s interest rate swaps. The Company monitors the risk of counterparty default on an ongoing basis.
The entire disclosure for derivative instruments and hedging activities including, but not limited to, risk management strategies, non-hedging derivative instruments, assets, liabilities, revenue and expenses, and methodologies and assumptions used in determining the amounts.
Income tax expense is comprised of the following amounts:
Year Ended December 31,
2023
2022
2021
(In Thousands)
Current provision:
Federal
$
960
$
17,414
$
25,608
State
1,788
8,434
8,119
Total current provision
2,748
25,848
33,727
Deferred provision (benefit)
Federal
12,922
3,994
3,972
State
3,245
363
1,452
Total deferred provision (benefit)
16,167
4,357
5,424
Total provision for income taxes
$
18,915
$
30,205
$
39,151
Total provision for income taxes differed from the amounts computed due to the following:
Year Ended December 31,
2023
2022
2021
(Dollars In Thousands)
Expected income tax expense at statutory federal tax rate
$
19,722
$
29,390
$
32,464
State taxes, net of federal income tax benefit
3,977
6,950
7,561
Bank-owned life insurance
(443)
(215)
(261)
Tax-exempt interest income
(307)
(163)
(171)
Merger and acquisition expense
159
302
—
Energy tax credits
(4,504)
(6,082)
—
Investments in affordable housing projects
(917)
(544)
(565)
Other, net
1,228
567
123
Total provision for income taxes
$
18,915
$
30,205
$
39,151
Effective income tax rate
20.1
%
21.6
%
25.3
%
The Company's effective tax rate was 20.1% as of December 31, 2023 compared to 21.6% as of December 31, 2022. The Company's effective tax rate was lower in 2023 due to the Company's continued participation in energy tax credit investments, and increased benefits in the Company's investments in affordable housing projects.
The tax effects of temporary differences that give rise to significant portions of the deferred tax assets and liabilities at the dates indicated are as follows:
At December 31,
2023
2022
(In Thousands)
Deferred tax assets:
Allowance for credit losses
$
36,168
$
30,901
Right-of-use asset - operating leases
8,153
5,048
Deferred compensation
3,022
5,669
Identified intangible assets and goodwill
5,138
5,462
Supplemental Executive Retirement Plans
2,522
2,493
Net operating loss carryforwards
83
—
Postretirement benefits
1,071
1,187
Nonaccrual interest
678
558
Restricted stock and stock option plans
1,039
770
Unrealized loss on investment securities available-for-sale
15,107
17,019
Acquisition fair value adjustments
14,735
—
Other
218
569
Total gross deferred tax assets
87,934
69,676
Deferred tax liabilities:
Operating leases - liability
8,448
5,048
Identified intangible assets and goodwill
8,361
1,910
Deferred loan origination costs, net
3,583
3,507
Depreciation
249
277
Prepaid expense
1,581
290
Accrued Expense
8,756
5,463
Acquisition fair value adjustments
—
944
Other
4
—
Total gross deferred tax liabilities
30,982
17,439
Net deferred tax asset
$
56,952
$
52,237
The Company has determined that a valuation allowance is not required for any of its deferred tax assets because it believes that it is more likely than not that these assets will reverse against future taxable income.
The Company did not have any unrecognized tax benefits accrued as income tax payables, receivables or as deferred tax items as of December 31, 2023 and 2022. The Company files U.S. federal and state income tax returns. As of December 31, 2023, the Company is subject to potential examination by the Massachusetts, Rhode Island, New York and several other state taxing authorities, along with the Internal Revenue Service ("IRS") for tax years after December 31, 2020.
The entire disclosure for income taxes. Disclosures may include net deferred tax liability or asset recognized in an enterprise's statement of financial position, net change during the year in the total valuation allowance, approximate tax effect of each type of temporary difference and carryforward that gives rise to a significant portion of deferred tax liabilities and deferred tax assets, utilization of a tax carryback, and tax uncertainties information.
The Company is authorized to issue 50,000,000 shares of serial preferred stock, par value $0.01 per share, from time to time in one or more series subject to limitations of law. The Board of Directors is authorized to fix the designations, powers, preferences, limitations and rights of the shares of each such series. As of December 31, 2023, there were no shares of preferred stock issued.
Capital Distributions and Restrictions Thereon
The Company is a legal entity separate and distinct from each of the Banks and Clarendon Private. The Company's primary source of revenue is dividends paid to it by the Banks and Clarendon Private.
The FRB has authority to prohibit the Company from paying dividends to the Company's shareholders if such payment is deemed to be an unsafe or unsound practice. The FRB has indicated generally that it may be an unsafe or unsound practice for bank holding companies to pay dividends unless the bank holding company's net income over the preceding year is sufficient to fund the dividends and the expected rate of earnings retention is consistent with the organization's capital needs, asset quality and overall financial condition.
The FRB also has the authority to use its enforcement powers to prohibit the Banks from paying dividends to the Company if, in its opinion, the payment of dividends would constitute an unsafe or unsound practice. Federal law also prohibits the payment of dividends by a bank that will result in the bank failing to meet its applicable capital requirements on a pro forma basis. In addition, a state bank that is a member of the Federal Reserve System may not declare or pay a dividend if the total of all dividends declared during the calendar year, including the proposed dividend, exceeds the sum of the bank's net income (as reportable in its Reports of Condition and Income) during the current calendar year and the retained net income of the prior two calendar years, unless the dividend has been approved by the FRB. Payment of dividends by a bank is also restricted pursuant to various state regulatory limitations, including those enforced by the Massachusetts Division of Banks in the case of Brookline Bank, the Banking Division of the Rhode Island Department of Business Regulation in the case of BankRI and New York State Department of Financial Services in the case of PCSB.
Common Stock Repurchases
On January 27, 2021, the Company's Board of Directors (the "Board") approved a stock repurchase program authorizing management to repurchase up to $10.0 million of the Company's common stock commencing on February 1, 2021 and ending on December 31, 2021. As of September 30, 2021, 690,253 shares of the Company's common stock were repurchased by the Company at a weighted average price of $14.46.
On November 10, 2021, the Board approved a stock repurchase program authorizing management to repurchase up to $20.0 million of the Company's common stock, commencing on November 15, 2021 and ending on December 31, 2022. On June 24, 2022 the Company suspended the program. As of June 24, 2022, 956,341 shares of the Company's common stock were repurchased by the Company at a weighted average price of $14.41.
Repurchases may be made from time to time depending on market conditions and other factors, and will be conducted through open market or private transactions, through block trades, and pursuant to any trading plan that may be adopted in accordance with the Securities and Exchange Commission Rule 10b5-1. There is no guarantee as to the exact number of shares, if any, to be repurchased by the Company.
Restricted Retained Earnings
As part of the stock offering in 2002 and as required by regulation, Brookline Bank established a liquidation account for the benefit of eligible account holders and supplemental eligible account holders who maintain their deposit accounts at Brookline Bank after the stock offering. In the unlikely event of a complete liquidation of Brookline Bank (and only in that event), eligible depositors who continue to maintain deposit accounts at Brookline Bank shall be entitled to receive a distribution from the liquidation account.
Accordingly, retained earnings of the Company are deemed to be restricted up to the balance of the liquidation account. The liquidation account balance is reduced annually to the extent that eligible depositors have reduced their qualifying deposits as of each anniversary date. Subsequent increases in deposit account balances do not restore an account holder's interest in the liquidation account.
The liquidation account totaled $8.9 million (unaudited), $9.9 million (unaudited), and $11.3 million (unaudited) at
The Company's primary source of cash is dividends from the Banks. The Banks are subject to certain restrictions on the amount of dividends that they may declare without prior regulatory approval. In addition, the dividends declared cannot be in excess of the amount which would cause the Banks to fall below the minimum required for capital adequacy purposes.
The Company is a bank holding company within the meaning of the Bank Holding Company Act of 1956, as amended and as such, must comply with the capital requirements of the FRB at the consolidated level. As member banks of the FRB, Brookline Bank, BankRI and PCSB Bank are also required to comply with the regulatory capital requirement of the FRB.
The FRB has promulgated regulations imposing minimum capital requirements for bank holding companies and state member banks as well as prompt corrective action regulations for state member banks that implement the system of prompt corrective action established by Section 38 of the Federal Deposit Insurance Act, as amended (the "FDIA"). Under the prompt corrective action regulations in effect as of December 31, 2023, a bank is "well-capitalized" if it has: (1) a total risk-based capital ratio of 10.0% or greater; (2) a Tier 1 risk-based capital ratio of 8.0% or greater; (3) a common equity Tier 1 capital ratio of 6.5% or greater; (4) a Tier 1 leverage ratio of 5.0% or greater; and (5) is not subject to any written agreement, order, capital directive or prompt corrective action directive to meet and maintain a specific capital level for any capital measure.
Failure to meet minimum capital requirements can initiate certain mandatory and possibly additional discretionary actions by regulators that, if undertaken, could have a direct material effect on the Company's financial statements. Under capital adequacy guidelines, the Company and each of the Banks must meet specific capital guidelines that involve quantitative measures of the Company's and the Banks' assets, liabilities and certain off-balance sheet items as calculated under regulatory accounting practices. In addition, the prompt corrective action rules applicable to state member banks establish a framework of supervisory actions for state member banks that are not at least adequately capitalized. The Company's and the Banks' capital amounts and classification are also subject to qualitative judgments by the regulators about components, risk weightings, and other factors. Bank holding companies are not subject to prompt corrective action requirements. However, a bank holding company is considered "well capitalized" for purpose of the FRB's Regulation Y if the bank holding company maintains on a consolidated basis a total risk-based capital ratio of 10.0% or greater and a Tier 1 risk-based capital ratio of 6.0% or greater and is not subject to any written agreement under capital directive or prompt correction action directive issued by the FRB to meet and maintain a specific capital level for any capital measure.
The Company and the Banks are required to maintain a capital conservation buffer composed of common equity Tier 1 capital equal to 2.5% of risk-weighted assets above the amounts required to be adequately capitalized in order to avoid limitations on capital distributions, including dividend payments and certain discretionary bonus payments to executive officers. Capital ratios required to be considered well-capitalized exceed the ratios required under the capital conservation buffer requirement at December 31, 2023.
As of December 31, 2023, the Company and the Banks exceeded all regulatory capital requirements and were considered “well-capitalized” under applicable rules. The following table presents actual and required capital ratios as of December 31, 2023 for the Company and the Banks.
Actual
Minimum Required for Capital Adequacy Purposes
Minimum Required for Fully Phased in Capital Adequacy Purposes plus Capital Conservation Buffer
Minimum Required to be Considered “Well-Capitalized” Under Prompt Corrective Action Provisions
(1) Common equity Tier 1 capital ratio is calculated by dividing common equity Tier 1 capital by risk-weighted assets.
(2) Tier 1 leverage capital ratio is calculated by dividing Tier 1 capital by average assets.
(3) Tier 1 risk-based capital ratio is calculated by dividing Tier 1 capital by risk-weighted assets.
(4) Total risk-based capital ratio is calculated by dividing total capital by risk-weighted assets.
The following table presents actual and required capital ratios as of December 31, 2022 for the Company and the Banks under the regulatory capital rules then in effect.
Actual
Minimum Required for Capital Adequacy Purposes
Minimum Required for Fully Phased in Capital Adequacy Purposes plus Capital Conservation Buffer
Minimum Required to be Considered “Well-Capitalized” Under Prompt Corrective Action Provisions
The entire disclosure for regulatory capital requirement for depository and lending institutions. Institutions include, but not are not limited to, finance company, insured depository institution, bank holding company, savings and loan association holding company, bank and savings institution not federally insured, mortgage company, foreign financial institution and credit union.
Postretirement benefits are provided for part of the annual expense of health insurance premiums for certain retired employees and their dependents. No contributions are made by the Company to invest in assets allocated for the purpose of funding this benefit obligation. The following table presents the change in plan assets and change in benefit obligation:
Year Ended December 31,
2023
2022
2021
(In Thousands)
Change in plan assets:
Fair value of plan assets at beginning of year
$
—
$
—
$
—
Employer contributions
29
34
35
Benefits paid
(29)
(34)
(35)
Fair value of plan assets at end of year
$
—
$
—
$
—
Change in benefit obligation:
Benefit obligation at beginning of year
$
1,530
$
2,026
$
2,095
Service cost
39
64
67
Interest cost
70
55
50
Estimated benefits paid
(29)
(34)
(35)
Actuarial (gain) loss
(53)
(581)
(151)
Benefit obligation at end of year
$
1,557
$
1,530
$
2,026
Funded status at end of year
$
1,557
$
1,530
$
2,026
Accumulated benefit obligation at end of year
$
1,557
$
1,530
$
2,026
The liability for the postretirement benefits included in accrued expenses and other liabilities was $1.6 million, $1.5 million, and $2.0 million as of December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021, respectively.
The following table presents the components of net periodic postretirement benefit cost and other amounts recognized in other comprehensive income:
Year Ended December 31,
2023
2022
2021
(In Thousands)
Net periodic benefit expense:
Service cost
$
39
$
64
$
67
Interest cost
70
55
50
Prior service credit
—
—
(2)
Actuarial gain
(85)
—
—
Net periodic benefit expense
$
24
$
119
$
115
Changes in postretirement benefit obligation recognized in other comprehensive income:
Net actuarial (loss) gain
85
$
611
$
185
Prior service credit
—
—
(2)
Total pre-tax changes in postretirement benefit obligation recognized in other comprehensive income
$
85
$
611
$
183
The discount rate used to determine the actuarial present value of projected postretirement benefit obligations was 4.82% in 2023, 5.02% in 2022 and 2.77% in 2021. There is no estimated prior service credit that will be amortized from accumulated other comprehensive income into net periodic benefit cost in 2024.
The actual health care trend used to measure the accumulated postretirement benefit obligation in 2023 for plan participants below age 65 and for plan participants over age 65 was (1.1)% and 3.4%, respectively. In 2022, the rate for plan participants below age 65 and for plan participants over age 65 was 8.0% and 1.6%, respectively. The health care trend rates for 2022 and 2023 are based on actual changes in medical premium rates for those years. The rates to be used in 2024 through 2027 are expected to be in the range of 8% to 6.5% and to decline gradually thereafter to 4.5%. Assumed health care trend rates may have a significant effect on the amounts reported for the postretirement benefit plan. A 1% change in assumed health care cost trend rates would have the following effects:
Year Ended
December 31, 2023
1% Increase
1% Decrease
(In Thousands)
Effect on total service and interest cost components of net periodic postretirement benefit costs
$
19
$
(15)
Effect on the accumulated postretirement benefit obligation
261
(216)
401(k) Plan
The Company administers one 401(k) plan, which is a qualified, tax-exempt profit-sharing plan with a salary deferral feature under Section 401(k) of the Internal Revenue Code. Each employee, excluding temporary employees, who has attained the age of 21 is eligible to participate in the 401(k) plan by making voluntary contributions, subject to certain limits based on federal tax laws. The Company makes a matching contribution of the amount contributed by eligible employees, up to 5% of the employee's yearly compensation. Expenses associated with the plans were $4.6 million in 2023, $3.8 million in 2022, and $3.6 million in 2021.
Nonqualified Deferred Compensation Plan
The Company also maintains a Nonqualified Deferred Compensation Plan (the "Nonqualified Plan") under which certain participants may contribute the amounts they are precluded from contributing to the Company's 401(k) plan because of the qualified plan limitations, and additional compensation deferrals that may be advantageous for personal income tax or other planning reasons. Expenses associated with the Nonqualified Plan in 2023, 2022 and 2021 were $645.8 thousand, $477.6 thousand, and $409.4 thousand, respectively. Accrued liabilities associated with the Nonqualified Plan in 2023, 2022, and 2021 were $1.3 thousand, $1.3 thousand, and $109.5 thousand, respectively.
Supplemental Executive Retirement Agreements
The Company acquired two Supplemental Executive Retirement Plans (the "SERPs") as part of its acquisition of BankRI. The Company maintains the SERPs for certain senior executives who are entitled to an annual retirement benefit. As of December 31, 2023, there were 14 participants in the SERPs. The Company funded a Rabbi Trust to provide a partial funding source for the Company's liabilities under the SERPs. In 2016, a portion of the Company's BOLI assets were transferred into the Rabbi Trust as a replacement for the funds previously held in the Rabbi Trust. In 2020, additional BOLI assets were transferred into the Rabbi Trust. The Company records the liability for the SERPs based on an actuarial calculation in accordance with GAAP, and no actuarial gains and losses are recognized.
Total expense under the SERPs for the year ended December 31, 2023 was $589 thousand compared to a benefit in 2022 of $2.1 million and an expense in 2021 of $6.0 thousand. Aggregate benefits payable included in accrued expenses and other liabilities as of December 31, 2023 and 2022 were $10.8 million and $10.7 million, respectively.
The nominal discount rate used to determine the actuarial present value of projected benefits under the agreements was 5.00% and 5.00% in the years 2023 and 2022, respectively.
Defined Benefit Pension Plan
As part of the acquisition of PCSB, the Company acquired a pension plan covering certain employees (the "PCSB Pension Plan"). The PCSB Pension Plan has been terminated and the Company has filed a request for a determination letter with the Internal Revenue Service.The PCSB Pension Plan is currently over-funded with assets of $7.3 million that are included in other assets in the Company's balance sheet. During the year ended December 31, 2023, the PCSB Pension Plan had unrealized gains of $903 thousand reflected in other comprehensive income. No contributions were made to the PCSB Pension Plan in 2023.
Employee Stock Ownership Plan
The Company previously maintained an Employee Stock Ownership Plan ("ESOP") which was closed pending final regulatory and government approval. Compensation and employee benefit expense related to ESOP were $0.0 million in 2023 and $0.4 million in 2022.
Share-Based Compensation Plans
As of December 31, 2023, the Company had one active equity plan: the 2021 Brookline Bancorp, Inc. Stock Option and Incentive Plan ("2021 Plan") with 1,750,000 authorized shares. As a result of the 2021 Plan having been approved by the Company's stockholders at the 2021 annual meeting of stockholders, the Company discontinued granting awards under the 2014 Equity Incentive Plan (the "2014 Plan"), and no further shares will be granted as awards under the 2014 Plan. The 2021 Plan and the 2014 Plan together referred to as the "Plans."
Of the awarded shares, generally 50% vest ratably over three years with one-third of such shares vesting at each of the first, second and third anniversary dates of the awards. The remaining 50% of each award has a cliff vesting schedule and vest three years after the award date based on the level of the Company's achievement of identified performance targets in comparison to the level of achievement of such identified performance targets by a defined peer group. The specific performance measure targets are approved annually by the Compensation Committee and are discussed in the Company's Proxy Statement. If a grantee leaves the Company prior to the vest date of an award, any unvested shares are forfeited. Dividends declared with respect to shares awarded will be held by the Company and paid to the grantee only when the shares vest.
Shares issued upon vesting may be either authorized but unissued shares or reacquired shares held by the Company as treasury shares. Any shares not issued because vesting requirements are not met will be retired back to treasury and be made available again for issuance under the Plans.
Total expense for the Plans was $4.1 million in 2023, $3.3 million in 2022 and $2.6 million in 2021, respectively. Total income tax benefits on vested awards was $0.0 million in 2023, $0.0 million in 2022, and $0.1 million in 2021. There were no income tax benefits on the 2023 vesting due to the stock price at the vesting date being lower overall than the stock price at the grant date. Dividends paid on unvested awards under the 2021 Plan and the 2014 Plan were $0.3 million in 2023, $0.2 million in 2022, and $0.2 million in 2021.
The following table presents information about the Company's restricted stock awards as of and for the year ending December 31, 2023:
Restricted Stock Awards Outstanding
Weighted Average Price per Share
(Dollars in Thousands, Except Per Share Amounts)
Restricted Stock Awards:
Outstanding at December 31, 2022
601,495
$
12.99
Granted
449,265
10.56
Vested
(295,085)
11.69
Forfeited / Canceled
(6,576)
11.62
Outstanding at December 31, 2023
749,099
$
12.06
Unrecognized compensation cost
$
5,176
Weighted average remaining recognition period (months)
21 months
The following table presents information about the securities authorized for issuance under the Company's equity compensation plan:
Number of Securities to Be Issued Upon Exercise of Outstanding Options, Warrants, and rights (a)
Weighted Average Exercise Price of Outstanding Options, Warrants and Right (b)
Number of Securities Remaining Available for Future Issuance (Excluding Securities in Column (a)) (c)
Equity compensation plans approved by security holders (1)
—
$
—
768,343
(2)
Equity compensation plans not approved by security holders
The entire disclosure for an entity's employee compensation and benefit plans, including, but not limited to, postemployment and postretirement benefit plans, defined benefit pension plans, defined contribution plans, non-qualified and supplemental benefit plans, deferred compensation, share-based compensation, life insurance, severance, health care, unemployment and other benefit plans.
A description of the valuation methodologies used for assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring and non-recurring basis, as well as the general classification of such instruments pursuant to the valuation hierarchy, is set forth below. There were no changes in the valuation techniques used during 2023 and 2022.
Assets and Liabilities Recorded at Fair Value on a Recurring Basis
The following table set forth the carrying value of assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis at December 31, 2023 and 2022:
Carrying Value as of December 31, 2023
Level 1
Level 2
Level 3
Total
(In Thousands)
Assets:
Investment securities available-for-sale:
GSE debentures
$
—
$
201,127
$
—
$
201,127
GSE CMOs
—
61,617
—
61,617
GSE MBSs
—
169,997
—
169,997
Municipal obligations
—
3,398
15,524
18,922
Corporate debt obligations
—
17,337
2,379
19,716
U.S. Treasury bonds
—
444,737
—
444,737
Foreign government obligations
—
485
—
485
Total investment securities available-for-sale
$
—
$
898,698
$
17,903
$
916,601
Interest rate derivatives
—
$
234
—
$
234
Loan level derivatives
—
99,876
—
99,876
Risk participation-out agreements
—
1,238
—
1,238
Foreign exchange contracts
—
139
—
139
Liabilities:
Interest rate derivatives
$
—
$
2,842
$
—
$
2,842
Loan level derivatives
—
99,876
—
99,876
Risk participation-in agreements
—
310
—
310
Foreign exchange contracts
—
132
—
132
Carrying Value as of December 31, 2022
Level 1
Level 2
Level 3
Total
(In Thousands)
Assets:
Investment securities available-for-sale:
GSE debentures
$
—
$
152,422
$
—
$
152,422
GSE CMOs
—
18,220
—
18,220
GSE MBSs
—
140,576
—
140,576
Corporate debt obligations
—
13,764
—
13,764
U.S. Treasury bonds
—
331,307
—
331,307
Foreign government obligations
—
477
—
477
Total investment securities available-for-sale
$
—
$
656,766
$
—
$
656,766
Interest rate derivatives
—
34
—
34
Loan level derivatives
—
108,963
—
108,963
Risk participation-out agreements
—
347
—
347
Foreign exchange contracts
—
130
—
130
Liabilities:
Interest rate derivatives
$
—
$
3,170
$
—
$
3,170
Loan level derivatives
$
—
$
108,963
$
—
$
108,963
Risk participation-in agreements
—
31
—
31
Foreign exchange contracts
—
112
—
112
Investment Securities Available-for-Sale
The fair value of investment securities is based principally on market prices and dealer quotes received from third-party and nationally-recognized pricing services for identical investment securities such as U.S. Treasury and agency securities. These prices are validated by comparing the primary pricing source with an alternative pricing source when available. When quoted market prices for identical securities are unavailable, the Company uses market prices provided by independent pricing services based on recent trading activity and other observable information, including but not limited to market interest-rate curves, referenced credit spreads and estimated prepayment speeds where applicable. These investments include GSE debentures, GSE mortgage-related securities, SBA commercial loan asset backed securities, corporate debt securities, municipal obligations and U.S. Treasury bonds, all of which are included in Level 2. As of December 31, 2023, certain corporate debt securities and municipal obligations were valued using pricing models included in Level 3, compared to December 31, 2022 when no securities were included in Level 3.
Additionally, management reviews changes in fair value from period to period and performs testing to ensure that prices received from the third parties are consistent with management's expectation of the market. Changes in the prices obtained from the pricing service are analyzed from month to month, taking into consideration changes in market conditions including changes in mortgage spreads, changes in U.S. Treasury security yields and changes in generic pricing of 15-year and 30-year securities. Additional analysis may include a review of prices provided by other independent parties, a yield analysis, a review of average life changes using Bloomberg analytics and a review of historical pricing for a particular security.
Derivatives and Hedging Instruments
The fair value of interest rate derivatives designated as hedging instruments, loan level derivatives, risk participation agreements (RPA in/out), and foreign exchange contracts represent a Level 2 valuation and are based on settlement values adjusted for credit risks associated with the counterparties and the Company and observable market interest rate curves and foreign exchange rates where applicable. Credit risk adjustments consider factors such as the likelihood of default by the Company and its counterparties, its net exposures and remaining contractual life. To date, the Company has not realized any losses due to a counterparty's inability to pay any net uncollateralized position. Refer also to Note 16, "Derivatives and Hedging Activities."
There were no transfers between levels for assets and liabilities recorded at fair value on a recurring basis during 2023 or 2022.
The following tables summarize information about significant unobservable inputs related to the Company's categories of Level 3 financial assets and liabilities measured on a recurring basis. As part of the PCSB acquisition, select municipal obligations and corporate debt securities are held in Level 3.
Quantitative Information About Level 3 Fair Value Measurements - Recurring Basis
Financial Instrument
Estimated Fair Value
Valuation Technique(s)
Significant Unobservable Inputs
Range of Inputs
Weighted Average
(In Thousands)
December 31, 2023
Assets
Municipal obligations
$
15,524
Discounted Cash Flow
Discount Rate from Bloomberg BVAL
0.00%-3.13%
1.21
%
Corporate debt obligations
2,379
Observable Bids
Bloomberg TRACE
The following table summarizes the changes in estimated fair value for all assets and liabilities measured at estimated fair value on a recurring basis using significant unobservable inputs (Level 3).
Changes in Estimated Fair Value of Level 3 Financial Assets and Liabilities - Recurring Basis
Twelve Months Ended December 31, 2023
(In Thousands)
Municipal obligations
Corporate debt obligations
Beginning balance
$
—
$
—
Purchases
9,382
—
Included in comprehensive income
179
1
Acquired from PCSB
18,881
12,058
Transfers out
—
—
Sales
—
(4,748)
Maturities, calls, and paydowns
(12,918)
(4,932)
Ending balance
$
15,524
$
2,379
Assets and Liabilities Recorded at Fair Value on a Non-Recurring Basis
Assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a non-recurring basis as of December 31, 2023 and 2022 are summarized below:
Carrying Value as of December 31, 2023
Level 1
Level 2
Level 3
Total
(In Thousands)
Assets measured at fair value on a non-recurring basis:
Collateral-dependent impaired loans and leases
$
—
$
—
$
16,720
$
16,720
OREO
—
—
780
780
Repossessed assets
—
914
—
914
Total assets measured at fair value on a non-recurring basis
$
—
$
914
$
17,500
$
18,414
Carrying Value as of December 31, 2022
Level 1
Level 2
Level 3
Total
(In Thousands)
Assets measured at fair value on a non-recurring basis:
Collateral-dependent impaired loans and leases
$
—
$
—
$
779
$
779
OREO
$
—
$
—
$
—
$
—
Repossessed assets
—
408
—
408
Total assets measured at fair value on a non-recurring basis
$
—
$
408
$
779
$
1,187
Collateral-Dependent Impaired Loans and Leases
For nonperforming loans and leases where the credit quality of the borrower has deteriorated significantly, fair values of the underlying collateral were estimated using purchase and sales agreements (Level 2), or comparable sales or recent appraisals (Level 3), adjusted for selling costs and other expenses.
Other Real Estate Owned
The Company records OREO at the lower of cost or fair value. In estimating fair value, the Company utilizes purchase and sales agreements (Level 2) or comparable sales, recent appraisals or cash flows discounted at an interest rate commensurate with the risk associated with these cash flows (Level 3), adjusted for selling costs and other expenses.
Repossessed Assets
Repossessed assets are carried at estimated fair value less costs to sell based on auction pricing (Level 2).
The table below presents quantitative information about significant unobservable inputs (Level 3) for assets measured at fair value on a recurring basis at the dates indicated.
(1) Fair value is generally determined through independent appraisals of the underlying collateral. The Company may also use another available source of collateral assessment to determine a reasonable estimate of the fair value of the collateral. Appraisals may be adjusted by management for qualitative factors such as economic factors and estimated liquidation expenses. The range of the unobservable inputs used may vary but is generally 0% - 10% on the discount for costs to sell and 0% - 15% on appraisal adjustments.
Summary of Estimated Fair Values of Financial Instruments
The following table presents the carrying amount, estimated fair value, and placement in the fair value hierarchy of the Company's financial instruments at the dates indicated. This table excludes financial instruments for which the carrying amount approximates fair value. Financial assets for which the fair value approximates carrying value include cash and cash equivalents, restricted equity securities, and accrued interest receivable. Financial liabilities for which the fair value approximates carrying value include non-maturity deposits, short-term borrowings, and accrued interest payable. There were no transfers between levels during 2023.
Fair Value Measurements
Carrying Value
Estimated Fair Value
Level 1 Inputs
Level 2 Inputs
Level 3 Inputs
(In Thousands)
At December 31, 2023
Financial assets:
Loans and leases, net
$
9,524,067
$
8,603,343
$
—
$
—
$
8,603,343
Financial liabilities:
Certificates of deposit
2,456,028
2,443,433
—
2,443,433
—
Borrowed funds
1,376,670
1,378,762
—
1,378,762
—
At December 31, 2022
Financial assets:
Loans and leases, net
$
7,545,906
$
7,450,654
$
—
$
—
$
7,450,654
Financial liabilities:
Certificates of deposit
1,238,287
1,217,024
—
1,217,024
—
Borrowed funds
1,432,652
1,431,716
—
1,431,716
—
Loans and Leases
The fair values of performing loans and leases was estimated by segregating the portfolio into its primary loan and lease categories—commercial real estate mortgage, multi-family mortgage, construction, commercial, equipment financing, condominium association, residential mortgage, home equity and other consumer. These categories were further disaggregated based upon significant financial characteristics such as type of interest rate (fixed / variable) and payment status (current / past-due). Using the exit price valuation method, the Company discounts the contractual cash flows for each loan category using interest rates currently being offered for loans with similar terms to borrowers of similar quality and incorporates estimates of future loan prepayments.
Deposits
The fair values of deposit liabilities with no stated maturity (demand, NOW, savings and money market savings accounts) are equal to the carrying amounts payable on demand. The fair value of certificates of deposit represents contractual cash flows discounted using interest rates currently offered on deposits with similar characteristics and remaining maturities. The fair value estimates for deposits do not include the benefit that results from the low-cost funding provided by the Company's core deposit relationships (deposit-based intangibles).
Borrowed Funds
The fair value of federal funds purchased is equal to the amount borrowed. The fair value of FHLB advances and repurchase agreements represents contractual repayments discounted using interest rates currently available for borrowings with similar characteristics and remaining maturities. The fair values reported for retail repurchase agreements are based on the discounted value of contractual cash flows. The discount rates used are representative of approximate rates currently offered on borrowings with similar characteristics and maturities. The fair values reported for subordinated deferrable interest debentures are based on the discounted value of contractual cash flows. The discount rates used are representative of approximate rates currently offered on instruments with similar terms and maturities.
The entire disclosure for the fair value of financial instruments (as defined), including financial assets and financial liabilities (collectively, as defined), and the measurements of those instruments as well as disclosures related to the fair value of non-financial assets and liabilities. Such disclosures about the financial instruments, assets, and liabilities would include: (1) the fair value of the required items together with their carrying amounts (as appropriate); (2) for items for which it is not practicable to estimate fair value, disclosure would include: (a) information pertinent to estimating fair value (including, carrying amount, effective interest rate, and maturity, and (b) the reasons why it is not practicable to estimate fair value; (3) significant concentrations of credit risk including: (a) information about the activity, region, or economic characteristics identifying a concentration, (b) the maximum amount of loss the entity is exposed to based on the gross fair value of the related item, (c) policy for requiring collateral or other security and information as to accessing such collateral or security, and (d) the nature and brief description of such collateral or security; (4) quantitative information about market risks and how such risks are managed; (5) for items measured on both a recurring and nonrecurring basis information regarding the inputs used to develop the fair value measurement; and (6) for items presented in the financial statement for which fair value measurement is elected: (a) information necessary to understand the reasons for the election, (b) discussion of the effect of fair value changes on earnings, (c) a description of [similar groups] items for which the election is made and the relation thereof to the balance sheet, the aggregate carrying value of items included in the balance sheet that are not eligible for the election; (7) all other required (as defined) and desired information.
Condensed Parent Company Balance Sheets as of December 31, 2023 and 2022 and Statements of Income for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021 are as follows. The Statement of Stockholders' Equity is not presented below as the parent company's stockholders' equity is that of the consolidated company.
Balance Sheets
At December 31,
2023
2022
(In Thousands)
ASSETS
Cash and due from banks
$
22,798
$
161,281
Short-term investments
33
32
Total cash and cash equivalents
22,831
161,313
Restricted equity securities
152
152
Premises and equipment, net
2,701
4,167
Deferred tax asset
2,310
2,646
Investment in subsidiaries, at equity
1,220,425
877,833
Goodwill
35,267
35,267
Other assets
26,533
15,799
Total assets
$
1,310,219
$
1,097,177
LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY
Borrowed funds
$
84,188
$
84,044
Accrued expenses and other liabilities
27,387
21,008
Total liabilities
111,575
105,052
Stockholders' equity:
Common stock, $0.01 par value; 200,000,000 shares authorized; 96,998,075 shares issued and 85,177,172 shares issued, respectively
970
852
Additional paid-in capital
902,659
736,074
Retained earnings
438,722
412,019
Accumulated other comprehensive loss
(52,798)
(61,947)
Treasury stock, at cost; 7,354,399 shares and 7,731,445 shares, respectively
(90,909)
(94,873)
Total stockholders' equity
1,198,644
992,125
Total liabilities and stockholders' equity
$
1,310,219
$
1,097,177
Statements of Income
Year Ended December 31,
2023
2022
2021
(In Thousands)
Interest and dividend income:
Dividend income from subsidiaries
$
46,500
$
130,500
$
88,000
Short-term investments
1
—
—
ESOP loan to Brookline Bank
—
13
34
Intercompany loan to Brookline Bank
—
—
139
Total interest and dividend income
46,501
130,513
88,173
Interest expense:
Borrowed funds
5,503
5,188
5,043
Net interest income
40,998
125,325
83,130
Non-interest income:
Gain on securities, net
—
6,106
—
Other
391
425
13
Total non-interest income
391
6,531
13
Non-interest expense:
Compensation and employee benefits
334
1,531
1,540
Occupancy
1,602
1,735
1,605
Equipment and data processing (1)
(1,187)
(255)
(363)
Directors' fees
483
435
402
Franchise taxes
251
250
253
Insurance
832
663
678
Professional services
(95)
829
295
Advertising and marketing
34
82
62
Merger and acquisition expense
6,182
2,249
—
Other (1)
(1,648)
(1,360)
(1,288)
Total non-interest expense
6,788
6,159
3,184
Income before income taxes
34,601
125,697
79,959
Credit for income taxes
(3,124)
(421)
(1,837)
Income before equity in undistributed income of subsidiaries
The entire disclosure for condensed financial information, including the financial position, cash flows, and the results of operations of the registrant (parent company) as of the same dates or for the same periods for which audited consolidated financial statements are being presented. Alternatively, the details of this disclosure can be reported by the specific parent company taxonomy elements, indicating the appropriate date and period contexts in an instance document.
Revenue from contracts with customers in the scope of ASC 606 ("Topic 606") is measured based on the consideration specified in the contract with a customer and excludes amounts collected on behalf of third parties. The Company recognizes revenue from contracts with customers when it satisfies its performance obligations.
The Company’s performance obligations are generally satisfied as services are rendered and can either be satisfied at a point in time or over time. Unsatisfied performance obligations at the report date are not material to our consolidated financial statements.
In certain cases, other parties are involved with providing services to our customers. If the Company is a principal in the transaction (providing services itself or through a third party on its behalf), revenues are reported based on the gross consideration received from the customer and any related expenses are reported in gross non-interest expense. If the Company is an agent in the transaction (referring to another party to provide services), the Company reports its net fee or commission retained as revenue.
A substantial portion of the Company’s revenue is specifically excluded from the scope of Topic 606. This exclusion is associated with financial instruments, including interest income on loans and investment securities, in addition to loan derivative income and gains on loan and investment sales. For the revenue that is in-scope of Topic 606, the following is a description of principal activities from which the Company generates its revenue from contracts with customers, separated by the timing of revenue recognition.
Revenue Recognized at a Point in Time
The Company recognizes revenue that is transactional in nature and such revenue is earned at a point in time. Revenue that is recognized at a point in time includes card interchange fees (fee income related to debit card transactions), ATM fees, wire transfer fees, overdraft charge fees, and stop-payment and returned check fees. Additionally, revenue is collected from loan fees, such as letters of credit, line renewal fees and application fees. Such revenue is derived from transactional information and is recognized as revenue immediately as the transactions occur or upon providing the service to complete the customer’s transaction.
Revenue Recognized Over Time
The Company recognizes revenue over a period of time, generally monthly, as services are performed and performance obligations are satisfied. Such revenue includes commissions on investments, insurance sales and service charges on deposit accounts. Fee revenue from service charges on deposit accounts represents the service charges assessed to customers who hold deposit accounts at the Banks.
The entire disclosure of revenue from contract with customer to transfer good or service and to transfer nonfinancial asset. Includes, but is not limited to, disaggregation of revenue, credit loss recognized from contract with customer, judgment and change in judgment related to contract with customer, and asset recognized from cost incurred to obtain or fulfill contract with customer. Excludes insurance and lease contracts.
The Company's consolidated financial statements have been prepared in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles ("GAAP") as set forth by the Financial Accounting Standards Board ("FASB") in its Accounting Standards Codification and through the rules and interpretive releases of the SEC under the authority of federal securities laws.
The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company and its wholly-owned subsidiaries. All significant intercompany transactions and balances are eliminated in consolidation.
In preparing these consolidated financial statements, management is required to make significant estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, income, expenses and disclosure of assets and liabilities. Actual results could differ from those estimates based upon changing conditions, including economic conditions and future events. Material estimates that are particularly susceptible to significant changes in the near-term include the determination of
the allowance for loan and lease losses, the determination of fair market values of assets and liabilities, including acquired loans, the review of goodwill and intangibles for impairment and the review of deferred tax assets for valuation allowance.
The judgments used by management in applying these significant estimates may be affected by a further and prolonged deterioration in the economic environment, which may result in changes to future financial results. For example, subsequent evaluations of the loan and lease portfolio, in light of the factors then prevailing, may result in significant changes in the allowance for loan and lease losses in future periods, and the inability to collect outstanding principal may result in increased loan and lease losses.
For purposes of reporting asset balances and cash flows, cash and cash equivalents includes cash on hand and due from banks (including cash items in process of clearing), interest-bearing deposits with banks, federal funds sold, money market mutual funds and other short-term investments with original maturities of three months or less.
Investment securities, other than those reported as short-term investments, are classified at the time of purchase as "available-for-sale," "held-to-maturity," or "held-for-trading." Classification is periodically re-evaluated for consistency with the Company's goals and objectives. Equity investments in the Federal Home Loan Bank ("FHLB") of Boston and New York, the Federal Reserve Bank of Boston, the Federal Reserve Bank of New York, and other restricted equities are discussed in more detail in Note 5, "Restricted Equity Securities."
Investment Securities Available-for-Sale, Held-to-Maturity, and Held-for-Trading
Investment securities for which the Company has the positive intent and ability to hold to maturity are classified as held-to-maturity and carried at amortized cost. Those investment securities held for indefinite periods of time but not necessarily to maturity are classified as available-for-sale. Investment securities held for indefinite periods of time include investment securities that management intends to use as part of its asset/liability, liquidity, and/or capital management strategies and may be sold in response to changes in interest rates, maturities, asset/liability mix, liquidity needs, regulatory capital needs or other business factors. Investment securities available-for-sale are carried at estimated fair value, primarily obtained from a third-party pricing service, with unrealized gains and losses reported on an after-tax basis in stockholders' equity as accumulated other comprehensive income or loss. Investment securities expected to be held for very short term duration, used for hedging, or are marketable equity securities are typically designated held-for-trading. Held-for-trading securities are carried at estimated fair value principally based on market prices and dealer quotes received from third-party and nationally-recognized pricing services. Gains and losses for held-for-trading are reported on the income statement as gains on investment securities, net. As of December 31, 2023 and 2022, the Company did not make any adjustments to the prices provided by the third-party pricing service.
Security transactions are recorded on the trade date. Realized gains and losses are determined using the specific identification method and are recorded in non-interest income. Interest and dividends on securities are recorded using the accrual method. Premiums and discounts on securities are amortized or accreted into interest income using the level-yield method over the remaining period to contractual maturity, adjusted for the effect of actual prepayments in the case of mortgage-backed securities ("MBSs") and collateralized mortgage obligations ("CMOs"). These estimates of prepayment assumptions are made based upon the actual performance of the underlying security, current interest rates, the general market consensus regarding changes in mortgage interest rates, the contractual repayment terms of the underlying loans, the priority rights of the investors to the cash flows from the mortgage securities and other economic conditions. When differences arise between anticipated prepayments and actual prepayments, the effective yield is recalculated to reflect actual payments to date and anticipated future payments. Unamortized premium or discount is adjusted to the amount that would have existed had the new effective yield been applied since purchase, with a corresponding charge or credit to interest income.
Restricted Equity Securities
The Company invests in the stock of the FHLB, the Federal Reserve Bank of Boston and the Federal Reserve Bank of New York, and a small amount of other restricted securities. No ready market exists for these stocks, and they have no quoted market values. The Banks, as members of the FHLB, are required to maintain investments in the capital stock of the FHLB equal to their membership base investments plus an activity-based investment determined according to the Banks' level of outstanding FHLB advances. The Company has also purchased Federal Reserve Bank of Boston and Federal Reserve Bank of New York stock which is redeemable at par. The Company reviews for impairment of these securities based on the ultimate recoverability of the cost basis in the stock.
Loans the Company originates for the portfolio, and for which it has the intent and ability to hold to maturity, are reported at amortized cost, inclusive of deferred loan origination fees and expenses, less unadvanced funds due to borrowers on loans and the allowance for loan and lease losses.
Interest income on loans and leases originated for the portfolio is accrued on unpaid principal balances as earned. Loan origination fees and direct loan origination costs are deferred, and the net fee or cost is recognized in interest income using the interest method. Deferred amounts are recognized for fixed-rate loans over the contractual life of the loans and for adjustable-rate loans over the period of time required to adjust the contractual interest rate to a yield approximating a market rate at the origination date. If a loan is prepaid, the unamortized portion of the loan origination costs, including third party referral related costs not subject to rebate from the dealer, is charged to income.
Loans and Leases Held-for-Sale
Management identifies and designates certain newly originated loans and leases for sale to specific financial institutions, subject to the underwriting criteria of those financial institutions. These loans and leases are held for sale and are carried at the lower of cost or market as determined in the aggregate. Deferred loan fees and costs are included in the determination of the gain or loss on sale. The Company had no loans and leases held-for-sale as of December 31, 2023 and 2022.
Nonperforming Loans
Nonaccrual Loans
Accrual of interest on loans generally is discontinued when contractual payment of principal or interest becomes past due 90 days or, if in management's judgment, reasonable doubt exists as to the full timely collection of interest. Exceptions may be made if the loan has matured and is in the process of renewal or is well-secured and in the process of collection. When a loan is placed on nonaccrual status, interest accruals cease and uncollected accrued interest is reversed and charged against current interest income. Interest payments on nonaccrual loans are generally applied to principal. If collection of the principal is reasonably assured, interest payments are recognized as income on the cash basis. Loans are generally returned to accrual status when principal and interest payments are current, full collectability of principal and interest is reasonably assured and a consistent record of at least six consecutive months of performance has been achieved.
Impaired Loans
A loan is considered to be impaired when, based on current information and events, it is probable that the Company will be unable to collect all amounts due (both interest and principal) according to the contractual terms of the loan agreement. Smaller-balance, homogeneous loans that are evaluated collectively for impairment, such as residential, home equity and other consumer loans are specifically excluded from the impaired loan portfolio except where the loan is modified. The Company has defined the population of impaired loans to include nonaccrual loans and modified loans.
When the ultimate collectability of the total principal of an impaired loan or lease is in doubt and the loan is on nonaccrual status, all payments are applied to principal, under the cost recovery method. When the ultimate collectability of the total principal of an impaired loan or lease is not in doubt and the loan or lease is on nonaccrual status, contractual interest is credited to interest income when received, under the cash basis method.
The value of an impaired loan is measured based upon the present value of expected future cash flows discounted at the loan's effective interest rate, or the fair value of the collateral if the loan is collateral-dependent and its payment is expected
solely based on the underlying collateral. For impaired loans deemed collateral dependent, where impairment is measured using the fair value of the collateral, the Company will either obtain a new appraisal or use another available source of collateral assessment to determine a reasonable estimate of the fair value of the collateral.
Interest collected on impaired loans is either applied against principal or reported as income according to management's judgment as to the collectability of principal. If management does not consider a loan ultimately collectible within an acceptable time frame, payments are applied as principal to reduce the loan balance. If full collection of the remaining recorded investment should subsequently occur, interest receipts are recorded as interest income on a cash basis.
Loan Modifications
In determining whether a debtor is experiencing financial difficulties, the Company considers, among other factors, whether the debtor is in payment default or is likely to be in payment default in the foreseeable future without the modification, if the debtor declared or is in the process of declaring bankruptcy, there is substantial doubt that the debtor will continue as a going concern, the debtor's entity-specific projected cash flows will not be sufficient to service its debt, if the debtor has securities that have been delisted or are in the process of being delisted, or the debtor cannot obtain funds from sources other than the existing creditors at market terms for debt with similar risk characteristics.
Disclosable modifications under current guidance include principal forgiveness, interest rate reductions, significant payment delays, maturity extensions, or any combination of the aforementioned modifications. The Company tracks and discloses the performance of these modifications with respect to delinquency and re-modification status.
The current guidance also eliminates the requirement to measure the allowance using a Discounted Cash Flow (“DCF”) methodology, and allows for a portfolio-based methodology for modified loans to troubled borrowers. If the DCF approach is still utilized for individually evaluated loans, the discount rate used must be the modified effective interest rate, rather than the original effective interest rate. Typically, modified loans to troubled borrowers are Substandard credits and are already evaluated for impairment on an individual basis.
Management has established a methodology to determine the adequacy of the allowance for credit losses that assesses the risks and losses expected on the loan and lease portfolio and unfunded commitments. Additions to the allowance for credit losses are made by charges to the provision for credit losses. Losses on loans and leases are charged off against the allowance when all or a portion of a loan or lease is considered uncollectible. Subsequent recoveries on loans previously charged off, if any, are credited to the allowance when realized.
To calculate the allowance for loans collectively evaluated, management uses models developed by a third party. The Commercial real estate ("CRE"), Commercial and industrial ("C&I"), and Retail lifetime loss rate models calculate the expected losses over the life of the loan based on exposure at default loan attributes and reasonable, supportable economic forecasts. The exposure at default considers the current unpaid balance, prepayment assumptions and utilization of expected utilization assumptions. The expected loss estimates for two small commercial portfolios and a runoff auto portfolio are based on historical loss rates.
Key assumptions used in the models include portfolio segmentation, prepayments, the expected utilization of unfunded commitments, risk rating and a scalar, among others. The portfolios are segmented by loan level attributes such as loan type, loan size, date of origination, and delinquency status to create homogenous loan pools. Pool level metrics are calculated and loss rates are subsequently applied to the pools as the loans have like characteristics. Prepayment assumptions are embedded within the models and are based on the same data used for model development and incorporate adjustments for reasonable and supportable forecasts. Model development data and developmental time periods vary by model, but all use at least ten years of historical data and capture at least one recessionary period. Expected utilization is based on current utilization and a loan equivalency ("LEQ") factor. LEQ varies by current utilization and provides a reasonable estimate of expected draws and borrower behavior. Assumptions and model inputs are reviewed in accordance with model monitoring practices and as information becomes available.
Historical loss rate models apply a loss rate to the outstanding balance of the loan. Management uses historical loss rates for condominium association, auto, and government lease portfolio segments because these loans have distinct, historical, or expected loss patterns and a de minimus effect on the overall allowance and provision.
Management elected to use multiple economic forecasts in determining the reserve to account for economic uncertainty. The forecasts include various projections of Gross Domestic Product ("GDP"), interest rates, property price indices, and employment measures. The forecasts are probability-weighted based on available information at the time of the calculation execution. Scenario weighting and model parameters are reviewed for each calculation and are subject to change. The models recognize that the life of a loan may exceed the economic forecast, therefore, the models employ mean reversion techniques at the input level to predict credit losses for loans that are expected to mature beyond the forecast period. The forecasts utilized at December 31, 2023 reflect the immediate and longer-term effects of a rising interest rate environment and inflationary conditions.
The CRE lifetime loss rate, C&I lifetime loss rate, and Retail lifetime loss rate models were developed using the historical loss experience of all banks in the model’s developmental dataset. Banks in the model’s developmental dataset may have different loss experiences due to geography and portfolio as well as variances in operational and underwriting procedures from the Company, and therefore, the Company calibrates expected losses using a scalar for each model. Each scalar was calculated by examining the loss rates of peer banks that have similar operations and asset bases to the Company and comparing these peer group loss rates to the model results. Peer group loss rates were used in the scalar calculation because management believes the peer group’s historical losses provide a better reflection of the Company’s current portfolio and operating procedures than the Company’s historical losses. Qualitative adjustments are also applied to select segments of the loan portfolio where applicable.
For December 31, 2023, management applied qualitative adjustments to the CRE lifetime loss rate and C&I lifetime loss rate. These adjustments were made based on historical loss patterns, current loan and portfolio metrics, and expert judgment based on professional experience. These qualitative adjustments resulted in additions to reserves for the CRE and C&I portfolio, as compared to the model output.
The general allowance related to loans collectively evaluated for impairment was determined using a formula-based approach utilizing the risk ratings of individual credits and loss factors derived from historic portfolio loss rates over a lookback period, which include estimates of incurred losses over an estimated loss emergence period (“LEP”). The LEP was generated utilizing a charge-off look-back analysis which studied the time from the first indication of elevated risk of repayment (or other early event indicating a problem) to eventual charge-off to support the LEP considered in the allowance calculation. This
reserving methodology established the approximate number of months of LEP that represented incurred losses for each portfolio.
In addition to quantitative measures, relevant qualitative factors included, but were not limited to: (1) levels and trends in past due and impaired loans, (2) levels and trends in charge-offs, (3) changes in underwriting standards, policy exceptions, and credit policy, (4) experience of lending management and staff, (5) economic trends, (6) industry conditions, (7) effects of changes in credit concentrations, (8) interest rate environment, and (9) regulatory and other changes. The general allowance related to the acquired loans collectively evaluated for impairment were determined based upon the degree, if any, of deterioration in the pooled loans subsequent to acquisition. The qualitative factors used in the determination was the same as those used for originated loans.
Specific reserves are established for loans individually evaluated for impairment when amortized cost basis is greater than the discounted present value of expected future cash flows or, in the case of collateral-dependent loans, when there is an excess of a loan's amortized cost basis over the fair value of its underlying collateral. When loans and leases do not share risk characteristics with other financial assets they are evaluated individually. Individually evaluated loans are reviewed quarterly with adjustments made to the calculated reserve as necessary.
Liability for Unfunded Commitments
In the ordinary course of business, the Company enters into commitments to extend credit, commercial letters of credit, and standby letters of credit. Such financial instruments are recorded in the financial statements when they become payable. The credit risk associated with these commitments is evaluated in a manner similar to the allowance for loan and lease losses.
Premises and equipment are carried at cost less accumulated depreciation and amortization, except for land which is carried at cost. Premises and equipment are depreciated using the straight-line method over the estimated useful life of the assets. Leasehold improvements are amortized using the straight-line method over the shorter of the lease term or the estimated useful life of the improvements.
Costs related to internal-use software development projects that provide significant new functionality are capitalized. Internal-use software is software acquired or modified solely to meet the Company's needs and for which there is no plan to market the software externally. Direct and indirect costs associated with the application development stage of internal use software are capitalized until such time that the software is substantially complete and ready for its intended use. Capitalized costs are amortized on a straight-line basis over the remaining estimated life of the software. Computer software and development costs incurred in the preliminary project stage, as well as training and maintenance costs, are expensed as incurred.
The Company leases certain office space under various noncancellable operating leases as well as certain other assets. These leases have terms ranging from 1 year to over 20 years. Certain leases contain renewal options and escalation clauses which can increase rental expenses based principally on the consumer price index and fair market rental value provisions. Right-of-use lease assets are carried on the balance sheet at amortized cost and corresponding lease liabilities are carried on the balance sheet at present value of the future minimum lease payments, adjusted for any initial direct costs and incentives. All of the Company's current outstanding leases are classified as operating leases.
The Company acquired bank-owned life insurance ("BOLI") plans as part of its acquisitions of PCSB Bank, First Ipswich Bank and BankRI. BOLI represents life insurance on the lives of certain current and former employees who have provided positive consent allowing their employer to be the beneficiary of such policies. BankRI and Brookline Bank as successor in interest to First Ipswich Bank, are the beneficiaries of their respective policies. The Banks utilize BOLI as tax-efficient financing for their benefit obligations to their employees, including their retirement obligations and Supplemental Executive Retirement Plans ("SERPs").
Since the Banks are the primary beneficiaries of their respective insurance policies, increases in the cash value of the policies, as well as insurance proceeds received, are recorded in non-interest income and are not subject to income taxes. BOLI is recorded at the cash value of the policies, less any applicable cash surrender charges, and is reflected as an asset in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets. Cash proceeds, if any, are classified as cash flows from investing activities.
The Company reviews the financial strength of the insurance carriers prior to the purchase of BOLI to ensure minimum credit ratings of at least investment grade. The financial strength of the carriers is reviewed at least annually, and BOLI with any individual carrier is limited to 10% of the Company's capital. Total BOLI is limited to 25% of the Company's capital.
Goodwill represents the excess of the cost of an acquisition over the fair value of the net assets acquired. Goodwill andindefinite-lived identified intangible assets are not subject to amortization. Definite-lived identified intangible assets are assetsresulting from acquisitions that are being amortized over their estimated useful lives. The recoverability of goodwill and identified intangible assets is evaluated for impairment at least annually. A Company can perform a qualitative assessment of whether it is more likely than not that the fair value of an acquired asset is greater than its carrying amount. If the Company qualitatively concludes that it is more likely than not that the fair value of an acquired asset is greater than its carrying amount, no further testing is necessary. If, however, the Company qualitatively concludes that the fair value of an acquired asset is less than its carrying value, the Company should recognize an impairment charge for the amount by which the carrying amount exceeds the fair value. However, in accordance with ASC 350-20-35-3B, an entity can bypass the qualitative assessment and perform the quantitative impairment test. Given the current economic environment, a quantitative analysis was performed where management selected a sample of comparable acquisitions and calculated the control premium associated with each sale. The Company’s market capitalization times the sampled control premium allowed management to compare the calculated fair value to the Company’s current book value to determine if an adjustment to goodwill is warranted. The Company did not have any impairment of Goodwill and other identified intangible assets as of December 31, 2023 and 2022.
OREO and other repossessed assets consists of properties acquired through foreclosure, real estate acquired through acceptance of a deed in lieu of foreclosure and loans determined to be substantively repossessed. Real estate loans that are substantively repossessed include only those loans for which the Company has taken possession of the collateral. OREO and other repossessed assets which consist of vehicles and equipment, if any, are recorded initially at estimated fair value less costs to sell, resulting in a new cost basis. The amount by which the recorded investment in the loan exceeds the fair value (net of estimated cost to sell) of the foreclosed or repossessed asset is charged to the allowance for loan and lease losses. Such evaluations are based on an analysis of individual properties/assets as well as a general assessment of current real estate market conditions. Subsequent declines in the fair value of the foreclosed or repossessed asset below the new cost basis are recorded through the use of a valuation allowance. Subsequent increases in the fair value are recorded as reductions in the allowance, but not below zero. Rental revenue received on foreclosed or repossessed assets is included in other non-interest income, whereas operating expenses and changes in the valuation allowance relating to foreclosed and repossessed assets are included in other non-interest expense. Certain costs used to improve such properties are capitalized. Gains and losses from the sale of OREO and other repossessed assets are reflected in non-interest expense when realized. Together with nonperforming loans, OREO and repossessed assets comprise nonperforming assets.
The Company utilizes loan level derivatives which consists of interest rate contracts (swaps, caps and floors), and risk participation agreements as part of the Company's interest-rate risk management strategy for certain assets and liabilities and not for speculative purposes. Based on the Company's intended use for the loan level derivatives at inception, the Company designates the derivative as either an economic hedge of an asset or liability, or a hedging instrument subject to the hedge accounting provisions of FASB ASC Topic 815, "Derivatives and Hedging". These derivatives designated as cash flow hedges involve the receipt of fixed rate amounts from a counterparty in exchange for the Company making variable rate payments.
Loan level derivatives and foreign exchange contracts entered into on behalf of our customers are designated as economic hedges and are recorded at fair value within other assets or liabilities. Changes in the fair value of these non hedging derivatives are recorded directly through earnings at each reporting period.
Transfers of financial assets are accounted for as sales when control over the assets has been surrendered. Control over transferred assets is deemed to be surrendered when (1) the assets have been isolated from the Company, (2) the transferee obtains the right (free of conditions that constrain it from taking advantage of that right) to pledge or exchange the transferred assets, and (3) the Company does not maintain effective control over the transferred assets through an agreement to repurchase them before their maturity.
The Company enters into sales of securities under agreements to repurchase with the Banks' commercial customers. These agreements are treated as financings, and the obligations to repurchase securities sold are reflected as a liability in the consolidated balance sheets. Securities pledged as collateral under agreements to repurchase are reflected as assets in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets.
Costs related to the Company's 401(k) plan are recognized in current earnings. Costs related to the Company's nonqualified deferred compensation plan, SERPs and postretirement benefits are recognized over the vesting period or the related service periods of the participating employees. Changes in the funded status of postretirement benefits are recognized through comprehensive income in the year in which changes occur.
The Company previously maintained an Employee Stock Ownership Plan ("ESOP") which was closed pending final regulatory and government approval.
The fair value of restricted stock awards and stock option grants are determined as of the grant date and are recorded as compensation expense over the period in which the shares of restricted stock awards and stock options vest. Forfeitures are accounted for as they occur.
ASC 820-10, "Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures," defines fair value as the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants. A fair value measurement assumes that the transaction to sell the asset or transfer the liability occurs in the principal market for the asset or liability or, in the absence of a principal market, the most advantageous market for the asset or liability. The price in the principal (or most advantageous) market used to measure the fair value of the asset or liability is not adjusted for transaction costs. An orderly transaction is a transaction that assumes exposure to the market for a period prior to the measurement date to allow for marketing activities that are usual and customary for transactions involving such assets and liabilities. It is not a forced transaction. Market participants are buyers and sellers in the principal market that are independent, knowledgeable, able to transact, and willing to transact.
A fair-value hierarchy for valuation inputs that gives the highest priority to quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities and the lowest priority to unobservable inputs are included in ASC 820. The fair value hierarchy is as follows:
Level 1: Inputs are unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for assets and liabilities identical to those reported at fair value.
Level 2: Inputs other than quoted prices included within Level 1. Level 2 inputs are observable either directly or indirectly. These inputs might include quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities in active markets, quoted prices for identical or similar assets in markets that are not active, inputs other than quoted prices that are observable for the asset or liability (such as interest rates, volatilities, prepayment speeds, credit risks, etc.) or inputs that are derived principally from or corroborated by market data by correlation or other means.
Level 3: Inputs are unobservable inputs for an asset or liability that reflect an entity's own assumptions about the assumptions that market participants would use in pricing the assets or liabilities. These inputs are used to determine fair value only when observable inputs are not available.
Basic earnings per share ("EPS") is computed by dividing net income by the weighted average number of shares of common stock outstanding for the applicable period, exclusive of Treasury shares and unvested shares of restricted stock. Diluted EPS is calculated after adjusting the denominator of the basic EPS calculation for the effect of all potential dilutive common shares outstanding during the period. The dilutive effects of options and unvested restricted stock awards are computed using the "treasury stock" method. Management evaluated the "two class" method and concluded that the method did not apply to the Company's EPS calculation.
Income taxes are accounted for under the asset and liability method. Under this method, deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for the future tax consequences attributable to differences between the financial statement carrying amounts of existing assets and liabilities and their respective tax bases.
Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured using enacted tax rates expected to apply to taxable income in the years in which those temporary differences are expected to be recovered or settled. The effect on deferred tax assets and liabilities of a change in tax rates is recognized in income in the period that includes the enactment date.
Tax positions that are more likely than not to be sustained upon a tax examination are recognized in the Company's financial statements to the extent that the benefit is greater than 50% likely of being recognized. Interest resulting from underpayment of income taxes is classified as income tax expense in the first period the interest would begin accruing according to the provision of the relevant tax law. Penalties resulting from underpayment of income taxes are classified as income tax expense in the period for which the Company claims or expects to claim an uncertain tax position or in the period in which the Company's judgment changes regarding an uncertain tax position.
For new investment tax credits ("ITC"), the Company chose to apply the flow-through method and immediately recognize the ITC benefit in income tax expense, as opposed to deferring.
Business combinations are generally accounted for under the acquisition method of accounting whereby assets acquired and liabilities assumed in business combinations are recorded at their estimated fair value as of the acquisition date. The determination of fair value may involve the use of internal or third-party valuation specialists to assist in the determination of the fair value of certain assets and liabilities at the acquisition date, including loans and leases, core deposit intangibles and time deposits. The excess of the cost of acquisition over these fair values is recognized as goodwill. A description of the valuation methodologies used to estimate the fair values of the significant assets acquired and liabilities assumed from the acquisition of PCSB can be found in Note 2 "Acquisitions" within the notes to the consolidated financial statements.
Any shares repurchased under the Company's share repurchase programs were purchased in open-market transactions and are held as treasury stock. Treasury stock also consists of common stock withheld to satisfy federal, state and local income tax withholding requirements for employee restricted stock awards upon vesting. All treasury stock is held at cost.
An operating segment is defined as a component of a business for which separate financial information is available that is evaluated regularly by the chief operating decision-maker in deciding how to allocate resources and evaluate performance. The Company is a bank holding company with subsidiaries engaged in the business of banking and activities closely related to banking. The Company's banking business provided substantially all of its total revenues and pre-tax income in 2023, 2022 and 2021. Therefore, the Company has determined to be a single segment.
Accounting Standards Adopted in 2023, 2022 and 2021
In March 2020, the FASB issued ASU 2020-04, " Reference Rate Reform (Topic 848)-Facilitation of the Effects of Reference Rate Reform on Financial Reporting" ("ASU 2020-04") to provide optional expedients and exceptions for applying GAAP to certain contracts, hedging relationships, and other transactions affected by reference rate reform if certain criteria are met. The amendments in this update apply only to contracts, hedging relationships, and other transactions that reference the London Interbank Offered Rate ("LIBOR") or another reference rate expected to be discontinued because of reference rate reform. The expedients and exceptions provided by the amendments do not apply to contract modifications made and hedging relationships existing as of December 31, 2022, for which an entity has elected certain optional expedients provided that those elections are retained through the end of the hedging relationship. The amendments in this update are effective for all entities as of March 12, 2020 through December 31, 2022 and do not apply to contract modifications made after December 31, 2022.
In January 2021, FASB issued ASU 2021-01, "Reference Rate Reform (Topic 848)" an update to address concerns around structural risk of interbank offered rates ("IBORs"), particularly, the risk of cessation of the LIBOR. The amendments in this update clarify that certain optional expedients and exceptions in Topic 848 for contract modifications and hedge accounting apply to derivatives that are affected by the discounting transition. In December 2022, FASB issued ASU 2022-06, "Reference Rate Reform (Topic 848)" which deferred the sunset date of Topic 848 to December 31, 2024, to allow for a transition period after the sunset of LIBOR. The Company has adopted the amendments in these updates and established a LIBOR transition committee to guide the Company’s transition from LIBOR. The Company has completed much of the work to transition off the LIBOR index consistent with industry timelines. The working group has identified its products that utilize LIBOR and has implemented fallback language to facilitate the transition to alternative rates. The Company has also evaluated its infrastructure and identified fallback rates as well as started offering alternative indices and new products tied to these alternative indices. The Company does not anticipate the adoption of these standards to have a material impact to the consolidated financial statements.
In August 2021, the FASB issued ASU 2021-06, "Presentation of Financial Statements (Topic 205), Financial Services – Depository and Lending (Topic 942), and Financial Services – Investment Companies (Topic 946) which updated guidance to align with new SEC regulations with regards to statistical disclosures for banking and savings and loan institutions. This ASU is effective for fiscal years ending on or after December 15, 2021. The Company adopted ASU 2021-06 as of December 31, 2021. The adoption did not have a material impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements.
In October 2021, the FASB issued ASU 2021-08, "Business Combinations (Topic 805), Accounting for Contract Assets and Contract Liabilities from Contracts with Customers" which requires that an acquirer recognize and measure contract assets and contract liabilities acquired in a business combination in accordance with Topic 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers. At the acquisition date, an acquirer should account for the related revenue contracts in accordance with Topic 606
as if it had originated the contracts. The Company adopted ASU 2021-08 as of January 1, 2023 on a prospective basis. The adoption did not have a material impact on the Company's consolidated financial statements.
In March 2022, the FASB issued ASU 2022-02, "Financial Instruments - Credit Losses (Topic 326), Troubled Debt Restructurings and Vintage Disclosures" which addresses concerns regarding the complex accounting for loans modified as troubled debt restructurings (“TDRs”) and also the disclosure of gross writeoff information included in required vintage disclosures. The Company adopted ASU 2022-02 as of January 1, 2023. The enhanced disclosure requirements provided for by ASU 2022-02 were adopted on a prospective basis. Reporting periods prior to the adoption of ASU 2022-02 are presented in accordance with the applicable GAAP. The adoption did not have a material impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements.
Disclosure of accounting policy of the company for real estate assets that is in control of the entity or acquired through foreclosure or repossession.
Disclosure of accounting policy for transfer of financial assets, including securitization transactions as well as repurchase and resale agreements. This disclosure may include how the entity (1) determines whether a transaction is accounted for as a sale; (2) accounts for a sale transaction, including the initial and subsequent accounting for any interests that the entity obtains or continues to hold in the transaction, how such interests are valued, and the significant assumptions used in the valuation; (3) accounts for a transaction that does not qualify for sale treatment (that is, a financing).
Disclosure of accounting policy for basis of accounting, or basis of presentation, used to prepare the financial statements (for example, US Generally Accepted Accounting Principles, Other Comprehensive Basis of Accounting, IFRS).
Disclosure of accounting policy for completed business combinations (purchase method, acquisition method or combination of entities under common control). This accounting policy may include a general discussion of the purchase method or acquisition method of accounting (including for example, the treatment accorded contingent consideration, the identification of assets and liabilities, the purchase price allocation process, how the fair values of acquired assets and liabilities are determined) and the entity's specific application thereof. An entity that acquires another entity in a leveraged buyout transaction generally discloses the accounting policy followed by the acquiring entity in determining the basis used to value its interest in the acquired entity, and the rationale for that accounting policy.
Disclosure of accounting policy for cash and cash equivalents, including the policy for determining which items are treated as cash equivalents. Other information that may be disclosed includes (1) the nature of any restrictions on the entity's use of its cash and cash equivalents, (2) whether the entity's cash and cash equivalents are insured or expose the entity to credit risk, (3) the classification of any negative balance accounts (overdrafts), and (4) the carrying basis of cash equivalents (for example, at cost) and whether the carrying amount of cash equivalents approximates fair value.
Disclosure of accounting policy regarding (1) the principles it follows in consolidating or combining the separate financial statements, including the principles followed in determining the inclusion or exclusion of subsidiaries or other entities in the consolidated or combined financial statements and (2) its treatment of interests (for example, common stock, a partnership interest or other means of exerting influence) in other entities, for example consolidation or use of the equity or cost methods of accounting. The accounting policy may also address the accounting treatment for intercompany accounts and transactions, noncontrolling interest, and the income statement treatment in consolidation for issuances of stock by a subsidiary.
Disclosure of accounting policy for credit loss on financial instrument measured at amortized cost basis, net investment in lease, off-balance sheet credit exposure, and available-for-sale debt security. Includes, but is not limited to, methodology used to estimate allowance for credit loss, how writeoff of uncollectible amount is recognized, and determination of past due status and nonaccrual status.
Disclosure of accounting policy for computing basic and diluted earnings or loss per share for each class of common stock and participating security. Addresses all significant policy factors, including any antidilutive items that have been excluded from the computation and takes into account stock dividends, splits and reverse splits that occur after the balance sheet date of the latest reporting period but before the issuance of the financial statements.
Disclosure of accounting policy for goodwill and intangible assets. This accounting policy also may address how an entity assesses and measures impairment of goodwill and intangible assets.
Disclosure of accounting policy for income taxes, which may include its accounting policies for recognizing and measuring deferred tax assets and liabilities and related valuation allowances, recognizing investment tax credits, operating loss carryforwards, tax credit carryforwards, and other carryforwards, methodologies for determining its effective income tax rate and the characterization of interest and penalties in the financial statements.
Disclosure of accounting policy pertaining to new accounting pronouncements that may impact the entity's financial reporting. Includes, but is not limited to, quantification of the expected or actual impact.
Disclosure of accounting policy for pension and other postretirement benefit plans. This accounting policy may address (1) the types of plans sponsored by the entity, and the benefits provided by each plan (2) groups that participate in (or are covered by) each plan (3) how plan assets, liabilities and expenses are measured, including the use of any actuaries and (4) significant assumptions used by the entity to value plan assets and liabilities and how such assumptions are derived.
Disclosure of accounting policy for long-lived, physical asset used in normal conduct of business and not intended for resale. Includes, but is not limited to, work of art, historical treasure, and similar asset classified as collections.
Disclosure of accounting policy for repurchase and resale agreements. This disclosure may address (a) the reasons for entering into repurchase and resale agreements, (b) how securities transferred under such agreements are classified in the entity's financial statements, (c) whether multiple agreements with the same counterparty are offset (d) the entity's accounting policy for requiring collateral or other security for such transactions, and (e) how the entity ensures that the market value of the underlying assets remains sufficient to protect the entity in the event of default by the counterparty.
Disclosure of accounting policy for the use of estimates in the preparation of financial statements in conformity with generally accepted accounting principles.
The following table summarizes the preliminary purchase price allocation to the estimated fair value of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed as of the date of the acquisition:
(1) Includes approximately $16.5 million of Bond Anticipation Notes ("BANs") and Tax Anticipation Notes ("TANs") that were subsequently reclassified as investments.
The following table summarizes supplemental pro forma financial information giving effect to the merger as if it had been completed on January 1, 2022:
In addition, the supplemental pro forma financial information was adjusted to include the $7.4 million of merger-related expenses recognized during the twelve months ended December 31, 2023, as summarized in the following table:
Tabular disclosure of pro forma results of operations for a material business acquisition or series of individually immaterial business acquisitions that are material in the aggregate.
Tabular disclosure of the amounts recognized as of the acquisition date for each major class of assets acquired and liabilities assumed. May include but not limited to the following: (a) acquired receivables; (b) contingencies recognized at the acquisition date; and (c) the fair value of noncontrolling interests in the acquiree.
Tabular disclosure of the components of cash, cash equivalents, and short-term investments. Short-term investments may include current marketable securities.
Investment securities as of December 31, 2023 and 2022 that have been in a continuous unrealized loss position for less than twelve months or twelve months or longer are as follows:
Tabular disclosure of investment in debt security measured at fair value with change in fair value recognized in other comprehensive income (available-for-sale).
Tabular disclosure of fair value of investment in debt security measured at fair value with change in fair value recognized in other comprehensive income (available-for-sale), in unrealized loss position, without allowance for credit loss. Includes beneficial interest in securitized financial asset.
The following table presents the amortized cost of loans and leases and weighted average coupon rates for the loan and lease portfolios at the dates indicated:
The following table summarizes the change in the total amounts of loans and advances to directors, executive officers and their affiliates for the periods indicated. All loans were performing as of December 31, 2023 and 2022.
The following tables present the changes in the allowance for loan and lease losses and the recorded investment in loans and leases by portfolio segment for the periods indicated:
Year Ended December 31, 2023
Commercial Real Estate
Commercial
Consumer
Total
(In Thousands)
Balance at December 31, 2022
$
68,154
$
26,604
$
3,724
$
98,482
Charge-offs
(1,204)
(19,990)
(41)
(21,235)
Recoveries
132
1,406
34
1,572
Provision (credit) for loan and lease losses excluding unfunded commitments
14,328
21,537
2,838
38,703
Balance at December 31, 2023
$
81,410
$
29,557
$
6,555
$
117,522
The table above excludes the establishment of the initial reserve for PCD loans and leases of $2.3 million, net of
$2.3 million of day one charge-offs recognized at the date of the acquisition in accordance with GAAP.
Year Ended December 31, 2022
Commercial Real Estate
Commercial
Consumer
Total
(In Thousands)
Balance at December 31, 2021
$
69,213
$
27,055
$
2,816
$
99,084
Charge-offs
(37)
(5,068)
(28)
(5,133)
Recoveries
24
1,725
64
1,813
Provision (credit) for loan and lease losses excluding unfunded commitments
The following tables present the recorded investment in loans in each class as of December 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022 by credit quality indicator and year originated.
December 31, 2023
2023
2022
2021
2020
2019
Prior
Revolving Loans
Revolving Loans Converted to Term Loans
Total
(In Thousands)
Commercial Real Estate
Pass
$
386,962
$
690,374
$
776,834
$
378,322
$
422,028
$
1,245,148
$
75,746
$
14,882
$
3,990,296
OAEM
—
—
2,529
3,300
1,784
1,674
—
—
9,287
Substandard
—
—
—
—
22,685
23,089
—
—
45,774
Doubtful
—
—
—
—
—
1,931
—
—
1,931
Total
386,962
690,374
779,363
381,622
446,497
1,271,842
75,746
14,882
4,047,288
Current -period gross writeoffs
—
4
942
—
—
258
—
—
1,204
December 31, 2023
2023
2022
2021
2020
2019
Prior
Revolving Loans
Revolving Loans Converted to Term Loans
Total
(In Thousands)
Multi-Family Mortgage
Pass
68,963
217,727
256,198
165,770
193,162
468,623
5,947
36,585
1,412,975
Substandard
—
—
—
—
—
2,216
—
—
2,216
Total
68,963
217,727
256,198
165,770
193,162
470,839
5,947
36,585
1,415,191
Construction
Pass
25,691
212,904
36,192
6,292
1,176
239
5,984
—
288,478
Substandard
—
2,417
11,155
—
—
—
—
—
13,572
Total
25,691
215,321
47,347
6,292
1,176
239
5,984
—
302,050
Commercial
Pass
220,563
137,332
125,385
37,601
23,046
69,104
337,316
3,570
953,917
OAEM
—
—
79
2,081
1,291
—
1,827
8,225
13,503
Substandard
4
—
9
—
12,362
273
981
3,388
17,017
Doubtful
—
—
—
—
1
1
—
2
4
December 31, 2023
2023
2022
2021
2020
2019
Prior
Revolving Loans
Revolving Loans Converted to Term Loans
Total
(In Thousands)
Total
220,567
137,332
125,473
39,682
36,700
69,378
340,124
15,185
984,441
Current-period gross writeoffs
1,000
3,500
4,842
1,164
673
2,379
—
—
13,558
Equipment Financing
Pass
443,878
389,083
205,208
125,888
88,465
74,727
12,919
5,740
1,345,908
OAEM
—
2,144
1,232
1,033
159
—
—
—
4,568
Substandard
1,250
8,107
4,105
2,181
2,255
2,259
—
—
20,157
Doubtful
—
—
—
—
—
15
—
—
15
Total
445,128
399,334
210,545
129,102
90,879
77,001
12,919
5,740
1,370,648
Current-period gross writeoffs
498
1,075
1,915
122
553
2,275
—
—
6,438
Condominium Association
Pass
4,460
7,569
9,186
6,686
4,414
9,086
3,010
168
44,579
Total
4,460
7,569
9,186
6,686
4,414
9,086
3,010
168
44,579
Other Consumer
Pass
408
200
516
5
21
2,062
47,191
3
50,406
Total
408
200
516
5
21
2,062
47,191
3
50,406
Current-period gross writeoffs
6
—
2
—
11
9
—
—
28
Total
Pass
1,150,925
1,655,189
1,409,519
720,564
732,312
1,868,989
488,113
60,948
8,086,559
OAEM
—
2,144
3,840
6,414
3,234
1,674
1,827
8,225
27,358
Substandard
1,254
10,524
15,269
2,181
37,302
27,837
981
3,388
98,736
Doubtful
—
—
—
—
1
1,947
—
2
1,950
Total
$
1,152,179
$
1,667,857
$
1,428,628
$
729,159
$
772,849
$
1,900,447
$
490,921
$
72,563
$
8,214,603
December 31, 2022
2022
2021
2020
2019
2018
Prior
Revolving Loans
Revolving Loans Converted to Term Loans
Total
(In Thousands)
Commercial Real Estate
Pass
$
475,105
$
622,952
$
290,913
$
362,339
$
210,954
$
971,274
$
55,464
$
9,167
$
2,998,168
OAEM
—
2,600
112
14,805
2,841
25,875
—
—
46,233
December 31, 2022
Substandard
—
—
—
—
—
2,345
—
—
2,345
Total
475,105
625,552
291,025
377,144
213,795
999,494
55,464
9,167
3,046,746
Multi-Family Mortgage
Pass
162,139
226,502
132,893
114,109
142,271
324,415
4,823
36,662
1,143,814
Substandard
—
—
—
—
—
6,783
—
—
6,783
Total
162,139
226,502
132,893
114,109
142,271
331,198
4,823
36,662
1,150,597
Construction
Pass
82,650
73,995
13,787
16,421
3,306
—
6,456
—
196,615
OAEM
842
8,641
—
—
—
—
—
—
9,483
Substandard
—
—
—
—
—
707
—
—
707
Total
83,492
82,636
13,787
16,421
3,306
707
6,456
—
206,805
Commercial
Pass
178,212
116,674
48,713
22,809
29,350
52,866
273,467
1,071
723,162
OAEM
—
109
—
14,821
—
—
2,187
—
17,117
Substandard
—
3,835
1,215
494
—
30
6,461
632
12,667
Doubtful
—
—
—
—
—
1
—
1
2
Total
178,212
120,618
49,928
38,124
29,350
52,897
282,115
1,704
752,948
Equipment Financing
Pass
443,323
282,398
185,007
140,931
76,595
60,980
13,236
1,301
1,203,771
OAEM
1,019
1,453
184
455
13
—
—
—
3,124
Substandard
608
784
1,514
2,597
2,503
1,669
—
—
9,675
Doubtful
—
—
—
—
2
13
—
—
15
Total
444,950
284,635
186,705
143,983
79,113
62,662
13,236
1,301
1,216,585
Condominium Association
Pass
5,821
7,743
8,810
5,858
1,603
12,227
4,823
23
46,908
Substandard
—
—
—
—
—
58
—
—
58
Total
5,821
7,743
8,810
5,858
1,603
12,285
4,823
23
46,966
Other Consumer
Pass
411
393
15
13
1,503
750
53,418
1
56,504
Substandard
—
—
—
—
—
—
1
—
1
Total
411
393
15
13
1,503
750
53,419
1
56,505
Total
Pass
1,347,661
1,330,657
680,138
662,480
465,582
1,422,512
411,687
48,225
6,368,942
OAEM
1,861
12,803
296
30,081
2,854
25,875
2,187
—
75,957
Substandard
608
4,619
2,729
3,091
2,503
11,592
6,462
632
32,236
Doubtful
—
—
—
—
2
14
—
1
17
Total
$
1,350,130
$
1,348,079
$
683,163
$
695,652
$
470,941
$
1,459,993
$
420,336
$
48,858
$
6,477,152
For residential mortgage and home equity loans, the borrowers' credit scores contribute as a reserve metric in the retail loss rate model.
December 31, 2023
2023
2022
2021
2020
2019
Prior
Revolving Loans
Revolving Loans Converted to Term Loans
Total
(In Thousands)
Residential
Credit Scores
Over 700
$
72,022
$
161,491
$
210,338
$
118,752
$
84,792
$
261,474
$
4,998
$
439
$
914,306
661 - 700
12,200
20,824
11,059
7,970
4,402
24,152
—
—
80,607
600 and below
1,943
12,108
7,197
7,093
5,449
23,838
—
—
57,628
Data not available*
1,353
2,246
3,025
—
448
23,163
28
—
30,263
Total
87,518
196,669
231,619
133,815
95,091
332,627
5,026
439
1,082,804
Current-period gross writeoffs
—
—
—
—
—
25
—
—
25
Home Equity
Credit Scores
Over 700
5,505
3,807
1,667
769
1,218
7,366
272,169
4,617
297,118
661 - 700
1,005
310
—
36
—
671
21,936
830
24,788
600 and below
148
143
41
—
39
402
17,349
2,008
20,130
Data not available*
23
—
1
—
—
45
2,062
15
2,146
Total
$
6,681
$
4,260
$
1,709
$
805
$
1,257
$
8,484
$
313,516
$
7,470
$
344,182
* Represents loans made to trusts and purchased mortgages.
December 31, 2022
2022
2021
2020
2019
2018
Prior
Revolving Loans
Revolving Loans Converted to Term Loans
Total
(In Thousands)
Residential
Credit Scores
Over 700
$
108,125
$
176,341
$
95,484
$
61,763
$
38,949
$
132,359
$
4,942
$
348
$
618,311
661 - 700
15,018
21,450
17,611
11,388
8,308
29,999
—
—
103,774
600 and below
6,133
3,754
5,275
2,833
2,264
14,688
—
—
34,947
Data not available*
28,097
6,661
712
3,316
—
48,796
—
—
87,582
Total
157,373
208,206
119,082
79,300
49,521
225,842
4,942
348
844,614
Home Equity
Credit Scores
Over 700
3,833
1,399
1,128
1,209
984
6,862
247,188
2,304
264,907
661 - 700
787
92
35
249
272
1,329
41,050
296
44,110
600 and below
89
87
48
93
—
360
8,744
595
10,016
Data not available*
6
6
—
—
—
1,029
2,279
269
3,589
Total
$
4,715
$
1,584
$
1,211
$
1,551
$
1,256
$
9,580
$
299,261
$
3,464
$
322,622
* Represents loans made to trusts and purchased mortgages.
The following tables present information regarding individually evaluated and collectively evaluated allowance for loan and lease losses for credit losses on loans and leases at the dates indicated.
The following tables present the amortized cost basis of loan modifications made to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty during the periods indicated.
At December 31, 2023
Number of Loans
Amortized Cost
% of Total Class of Loans and Leases
Financial Effect
(In thousands)
Maturity Extension
CRE
1
$
3,195
0.06
%
The loan was given a one year maturity extension. The financial effect was deemed "de minimis."
C&I
12
14,463
0.98
%
All 12 loans were given six month maturity extensions to assist borrowers. The financial effect was deemed "de minimis."
Significant Payment Delays
C&I
2
16
—
%
Both loans were given restructured payment plans to assist borrowers. The financial effect was deemed "de minimis."
Combination - Maturity Extension and Significant Payment Delays
CRE
2
18,792
0.33
%
Loans were given two year maturity extensions, with a partial deferral of interest payments. The financial effect was deemed "de minimis."
C&I
10
4,650
0.30
%
Loans were given one to 30 months of payment delays and three to 30 month term extensions. The financial effect was deemed "de minimis."
Combination - Maturity Extension and Interest Rate Reduction
C&I
10
985
0.07
%
A portion of loans were given four month maturity extensions and interest rate reductions. Other loans were given two year maturity extensions and a 5% fixed rate. The financial effect was deemed "de minimis."
Total
37
$
42,101
1.74
%
The following tables present the aging analysis of loan modifications made to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty during the periods indicated.
At December 31, 2023
Current
30-60 Days Past Due
61-90 Days Past Due
90+ Days Past Due
Modified
(In thousands)
Total Modifications
$
41,993
16
—
92
—
The following table sets forth information regarding troubled debt restructured loans and leases at the dates indicated:
Tabular disclosure of financing receivables by credit quality indicator. The credit quality indicator is a statistic about the credit quality of financing receivables. Examples include, but not limited to, consumer credit risk scores, credit-rating-agency ratings, an entity's internal credit risk grades, loan-to-value ratios, collateral, collection experience and other internal metrics.
Tabular disclosure of physical assets used in the normal conduct of business and not intended for resale. Includes, but is not limited to, balances by class of assets, depreciation and depletion expense and method used, including composite depreciation, and accumulated deprecation.
Tabular disclosure of long-debt instruments or arrangements, including identification, terms, features, collateral requirements and other information necessary to a fair presentation. These are debt arrangements that originally required repayment more than twelve months after issuance or greater than the normal operating cycle of the entity, if longer.
Tabular disclosure of information pertaining to short-term and long-debt instruments or arrangements, including but not limited to identification of terms, features, collateral requirements and other information necessary to a fair presentation.
Tabular disclosure of short-term debt arrangements (having initial terms of repayment within one year or the normal operating cycle, if longer) including: (1) description of the short-term debt arrangement; (2) identification of the lender or type of lender; (3) repayment terms; (4) weighted average interest rate; (5) carrying amount of funds borrowed under the specified short-term debt arrangement as of the balance sheet date; (6) description of the refinancing of a short-term obligation when that obligation is excluded from current liabilities in the balance sheet; and (7) amount of a short-term obligation that has been excluded from current liabilities in the balance sheet because of a refinancing of the obligation.
Tabular disclosure of lessee's lease cost. Includes, but is not limited to, interest expense for finance lease, amortization of right-of-use asset for finance lease, operating lease cost, short-term lease cost, variable lease cost and sublease income.
Tabular disclosure of undiscounted cash flows of lessee's operating lease liability. Includes, but is not limited to, reconciliation of undiscounted cash flows to operating lease liability recognized in statement of financial position.
Tabular disclosure of an entity's basic and diluted earnings per share calculations, including a reconciliation of numerators and denominators of the basic and diluted per-share computations for income from continuing operations.
The following table reflects the Company's derivative positions as of the date indicated below for interest rate derivatives which qualify as cash flow hedges for accounting purposes. The Company's cash flow hedges are subject to the hedge accounting provisions of FASB ASC Topic 815, "Derivatives and Hedging".
The following tables present the Company's customer related derivative positions for the periods indicated below for those derivatives not designated as hedging:
Notional Amount Maturing
Number of Positions
Less than 1 year
Less than 2 years
Less than 3 years
Less than 4 years
Thereafter
Total
Fair Value
December 31, 2023
(Dollars In Thousands)
Loan level derivatives
Receive fixed, pay variable
153
$
69,135
$
156,567
$
66,330
$
244,615
$
1,196,551
$
1,733,198
$
80,118
Pay fixed, receive variable
153
69,135
156,567
66,330
244,615
1,196,551
1,733,198
80,118
Risk participation-out agreements
67
22,979
33,409
6,038
64,875
415,086
542,387
1,238
Risk participation-in agreements
9
—
—
23,155
3,577
73,581
100,313
310
Foreign exchange contracts
Buys foreign currency, sells U.S. currency
23
$
3,262
$
—
$
—
$
—
$
—
$
3,262
$
139
Sells foreign currency, buys U.S. currency
28
3,895
—
—
—
—
3,895
132
Notional Amount Maturing
Number of Positions
Less than 1 year
Less than 2 years
Less than 3 years
Less than 4 years
Thereafter
Total
Fair Value
December 31, 2022
(Dollars In Thousands)
Loan level derivatives
Receive fixed, pay variable
132
$
71,547
$
69,454
$
141,498
$
68,140
$
1,139,070
$
1,489,709
$
103,640
Pay fixed, receive variable
132
71,547
69,454
141,498
68,140
1,139,070
1,489,709
103,640
Risk participation-out agreements
54
38,931
22,979
27,508
6,222
297,984
393,624
347
Risk participation-in agreements
8
18,421
—
—
23,766
33,036
75,223
31
Foreign exchange contracts
Buys foreign currency, sells U.S. currency
12
$
2,383
$
—
$
—
$
—
$
—
$
2,383
$
130
Sells foreign currency, buys U.S. currency
12
2,400
—
—
—
—
2,400
112
The table below presents the net gain (loss) recognized in income due to changes in the fair value for the year ended December 31, 2023 and 2022.
The tables below present the offsetting of derivatives and amounts subject to master netting agreements not offset in the consolidated balance sheet at the dates indicated:
At December 31, 2023
Gross Amounts Recognized
Gross Amounts Offset in the Statement of Financial Position
Net Amounts Presented in the Statement of Financial Position
Gross Amounts Not Offset in the Statement of Financial Position
Net Amount
Financial Instruments Pledged
Cash Collateral Pledged
(In Thousands)
Asset derivatives
Derivatives designated as hedging instruments:
Interest rate derivatives
$
234
$
—
$
234
$
—
$
—
$
234
Derivatives not designated as hedging instruments:
Loan level derivatives
$
99,876
$
—
$
99,876
$
—
$
—
$
99,876
Risk participation-out agreements
1,238
—
1,238
—
—
1,238
Foreign exchange contracts
139
—
139
—
—
139
Total
$
101,487
$
—
$
101,487
$
—
$
—
$
101,487
Liability derivatives
Derivatives designated as hedging instruments:
Interest rate derivatives
$
2,842
$
—
$
2,842
$
—
$
—
$
2,842
Derivatives not designated as hedging instruments:
Loan level derivatives
$
99,876
$
—
$
99,876
$
20,353
$
61,153
$
18,370
Risk participation-in agreements
310
—
310
—
—
310
Foreign exchange contracts
132
—
132
—
—
132
Total
$
103,160
$
—
$
103,160
$
20,353
$
61,153
$
21,654
At December 31, 2022
Gross Amounts Recognized
Gross Amounts Offset in the Statement of Financial Position
Net Amounts Presented in the Statement of Financial Position
Gross Amounts Not Offset in the Statement of Financial Position
Net Amount
Financial Instruments Pledged
Cash Collateral Pledged
(In Thousands)
Asset derivatives
Derivatives designated as hedging instruments:
Interest rate derivatives
$
34
$
—
$
34
$
—
$
—
$
34
Derivatives not designated as hedging instruments:
Loan level derivatives
$
108,963
$
—
$
108,963
$
—
$
—
$
108,963
Risk participation-out agreements
347
—
347
—
—
347
Foreign exchange contracts
130
—
130
—
—
130
Total
$
109,474
$
—
$
109,474
$
—
$
—
$
109,474
Liability derivatives
Derivatives designated as hedging instruments:
Interest rate derivatives
$
3,170
$
—
$
3,170
$
—
$
—
$
3,170
Derivatives not designated as hedging instruments:
Tabular disclosure of gain (loss) on derivative and nonderivative instruments designated and qualifying as cash flow hedge recorded in accumulated other comprehensive income (AOCI) and reclassified into earnings.
Tabular disclosure of the location and amount of derivative instruments and nonderivative instruments designated as hedging instruments reported before netting adjustments, and the amount of gain (loss) on derivative instruments and nonderivative instruments designated and qualified as hedging instruments.
The tax effects of temporary differences that give rise to significant portions of the deferred tax assets and liabilities at the dates indicated are as follows:
At December 31,
2023
2022
(In Thousands)
Deferred tax assets:
Allowance for credit losses
$
36,168
$
30,901
Right-of-use asset - operating leases
8,153
5,048
Deferred compensation
3,022
5,669
Identified intangible assets and goodwill
5,138
5,462
Supplemental Executive Retirement Plans
2,522
2,493
Net operating loss carryforwards
83
—
Postretirement benefits
1,071
1,187
Nonaccrual interest
678
558
Restricted stock and stock option plans
1,039
770
Unrealized loss on investment securities available-for-sale
Tabular disclosure of the components of income tax expense attributable to continuing operations for each year presented including, but not limited to: current tax expense (benefit), deferred tax expense (benefit), investment tax credits, government grants, the benefits of operating loss carryforwards, tax expense that results from allocating certain tax benefits either directly to contributed capital or to reduce goodwill or other noncurrent intangible assets of an acquired entity, adjustments of a deferred tax liability or asset for enacted changes in tax laws or rates or a change in the tax status of the entity, and adjustments of the beginning-of-the-year balances of a valuation allowance because of a change in circumstances that causes a change in judgment about the realizability of the related deferred tax asset in future years.
Tabular disclosure of the components of net deferred tax asset or liability recognized in an entity's statement of financial position, including the following: the total of all deferred tax liabilities, the total of all deferred tax assets, the total valuation allowance recognized for deferred tax assets.
Tabular disclosure of the reconciliation using percentage or dollar amounts of the reported amount of income tax expense attributable to continuing operations for the year to the amount of income tax expense that would result from applying domestic federal statutory tax rates to pretax income from continuing operations.
(1) Common equity Tier 1 capital ratio is calculated by dividing common equity Tier 1 capital by risk-weighted assets.
(2) Tier 1 leverage capital ratio is calculated by dividing Tier 1 capital by average assets.
(3) Tier 1 risk-based capital ratio is calculated by dividing Tier 1 capital by risk-weighted assets.
(4) Total risk-based capital ratio is calculated by dividing total capital by risk-weighted assets.
The following table presents actual and required capital ratios as of December 31, 2022 for the Company and the Banks under the regulatory capital rules then in effect.
Actual
Minimum Required for Capital Adequacy Purposes
Minimum Required for Fully Phased in Capital Adequacy Purposes plus Capital Conservation Buffer
Minimum Required to be Considered “Well-Capitalized” Under Prompt Corrective Action Provisions
Tabular disclosure of the capital amounts and ratios as of the balance sheet date, indicating whether the entity or entities are in compliance with regulatory capital requirements, by entity.
Tabular disclosure of the components of net benefit costs for pension plans and/or other employee benefit plans including service cost, interest cost, expected return on plan assets, gain (loss), prior service cost or credit, transition asset or obligation, and gain (loss) recognized due to settlements or curtailments and the net gain (loss) and net prior service cost or credit recognized in other comprehensive income (loss) for the period for pension plans and/or other employee benefit plans, and reclassification adjustments of other comprehensive income (loss) for the period, as those amounts, including amortization of the net transition asset or obligation, are recognized as components of net periodic benefit cost.
Tabular disclosure of one or more of the entity's defined benefit pension plans or one or more other defined benefit postretirement plans, separately for pension plans and other postretirement benefit plans including the entity's schedule of fair value of plan assets for defined benefit or other postretirement plans.
Tabular disclosure of the effect of a one-percentage-point increase and the effect of a one-percentage-point decrease in the assumed health care cost trend rates on the aggregate of the service and interest cost components of net periodic postretirement health care benefit costs and the accumulated postretirement benefit obligation for health care benefits.
Disclosure of the number and weighted-average grant date fair value for restricted stock and restricted stock units that were outstanding at the beginning and end of the year, and the number of restricted stock and restricted stock units that were granted, vested, or forfeited during the year.
Tabular disclosure of warrants or rights issued. Warrants and rights outstanding are derivative securities that give the holder the right to purchase securities (usually equity) from the issuer at a specific price within a certain time frame. Warrants are often included in a new debt issue to entice investors by a higher return potential. The main difference between warrants and call options is that warrants are issued and guaranteed by the company, whereas options are exchange instruments and are not issued by the company. Also, the lifetime of a warrant is often measured in years, while the lifetime of a typical option is measured in months. Disclose the title of issue of securities called for by warrants and rights outstanding, the aggregate amount of securities called for by warrants and rights outstanding, the date from which the warrants or rights are exercisable, and the price at which the warrant or right is exercisable.
The following tables summarize information about significant unobservable inputs related to the Company's categories of Level 3 financial assets and liabilities measured on a recurring basis. As part of the PCSB acquisition, select municipal obligations and corporate debt securities are held in Level 3.
Quantitative Information About Level 3 Fair Value Measurements - Recurring Basis
Financial Instrument
Estimated Fair Value
Valuation Technique(s)
Significant Unobservable Inputs
Range of Inputs
Weighted Average
(In Thousands)
December 31, 2023
Assets
Municipal obligations
$
15,524
Discounted Cash Flow
Discount Rate from Bloomberg BVAL
0.00%-3.13%
1.21
%
Corporate debt obligations
2,379
Observable Bids
Bloomberg TRACE
The table below presents quantitative information about significant unobservable inputs (Level 3) for assets measured at fair value on a recurring basis at the dates indicated.
(1) Fair value is generally determined through independent appraisals of the underlying collateral. The Company may also use another available source of collateral assessment to determine a reasonable estimate of the fair value of the collateral. Appraisals may be adjusted by management for qualitative factors such as economic factors and estimated liquidation expenses. The range of the unobservable inputs used may vary but is generally 0% - 10% on the discount for costs to sell and 0% - 15% on appraisal adjustments.
The following table summarizes the changes in estimated fair value for all assets and liabilities measured at estimated fair value on a recurring basis using significant unobservable inputs (Level 3).
Changes in Estimated Fair Value of Level 3 Financial Assets and Liabilities - Recurring Basis
The following table presents the carrying amount, estimated fair value, and placement in the fair value hierarchy of the Company's financial instruments at the dates indicated. This table excludes financial instruments for which the carrying amount approximates fair value. Financial assets for which the fair value approximates carrying value include cash and cash equivalents, restricted equity securities, and accrued interest receivable. Financial liabilities for which the fair value approximates carrying value include non-maturity deposits, short-term borrowings, and accrued interest payable. There were no transfers between levels during 2023.
Tabular disclosure of input and valuation technique used to measure fair value and change in valuation approach and technique for each separate class of asset and liability measured on recurring and nonrecurring basis.
Tabular disclosure of assets measured at fair value measured on a recurring or nonrecurring basis. Includes, but is not limited to, fair value measurements recorded and the reasons for the measurements, level within the fair value hierarchy in which the fair value measurements are categorized and transfers between levels 1 and 2.
Tabular disclosure of the fair value measurement of assets using significant unobservable inputs (Level 3), a reconciliation of the beginning and ending balances, separately presenting changes during the period attributable to the following: (1) total gains or losses for the period (realized and unrealized), segregating those gains or losses included in earnings (or changes in net assets) and gains or losses recognized in other comprehensive income (loss), and a description of where those gains or losses included in earnings (or changes in net assets) are reported in the statement of income (or activities); (2) purchases, sales, issues, and settlements (each type disclosed separately); and (3) transfers in and transfers out of Level 3 (for example, transfers due to changes in the observability of significant inputs), by class of asset.
Tabular disclosure of the fair value of financial instruments, including financial assets and financial liabilities, and the measurements of those instruments, assets, and liabilities.
Tabular disclosure of condensed cash flow statement, including, but not limited to, cash flow statements of consolidated entities and consolidation eliminations.
Tabular disclosure of condensed income statement, including, but not limited to, income statements of consolidated entities and consolidation eliminations.
Line items represent financial concepts included in a table. These concepts are used to disclose reportable information associated with domain members defined in one or many axes to the table.
Term of lessee's operating lease, in 'PnYnMnDTnHnMnS' format, for example, 'P1Y5M13D' represents reported fact of one year, five months, and thirteen days.
Number of operating segments. An operating segment is a component of an enterprise: (a) that engages in business activities from which it may earn revenues and incur expenses (including revenues and expenses relating to transactions with other components of the same enterprise), (b) whose operating results are regularly reviewed by the enterprise's chief operating decision maker to make decisions about resources to be allocated to the segment and assess its performance, and (c) for which discrete financial information is available. An operating segment may engage in business activities for which it has yet to earn revenues, for example, start-up operations may be operating segments before earning revenues.
Number of segments reported by the entity. A reportable segment is a component of an entity for which there is an accounting requirement to report separate financial information on that component in the entity's financial statements.
Line items represent financial concepts included in a table. These concepts are used to disclose reportable information associated with domain members defined in one or many axes to the table.
This element represents acquisition-related costs incurred to effect a business combination which costs have been expensed during the period. Such costs include finder's fees; advisory, legal, accounting, valuation, and other professional or consulting fees; general administrative costs, including the costs of maintaining an internal acquisitions department; and may include costs of registering and issuing debt and equity securities.
This element represents the amount of earnings or loss of the acquiree since the acquisition date included in the consolidated income statement for the reporting period.
Amount of realized gain on investment in debt security measured at fair value with change in fair value recognized in other comprehensive income (available-for-sale).
Period between issuance and maturity of investment in debt security measured at fair value with change in fair value recognized in other comprehensive income (available-for-sale), in 'PnYnMnDTnHnMnS' format, for example, 'P1Y5M13D' represents reported fact of one year, five months, and thirteen days.
Useful life of finite-lived intangible assets, in 'PnYnMnDTnHnMnS' format, for example, 'P1Y5M13D' represents the reported fact of one year, five months, and thirteen days.
Amount after accumulated impairment loss of an asset representing future economic benefits arising from other assets acquired in a business combination that are not individually identified and separately recognized.
Line items represent financial concepts included in a table. These concepts are used to disclose reportable information associated with domain members defined in one or many axes to the table.
Amount of currency on hand as well as demand deposits with banks or financial institutions, acquired at the acquisition date. Includes other kinds of accounts that have the general characteristics of demand deposits. Also includes short-term, highly liquid investments that are both readily convertible to known amounts of cash and so near their maturity that they present insignificant risk of changes in value because of changes in interest rates.
Amount after accumulated impairment loss of an asset representing future economic benefits arising from other assets acquired in a business combination that are not individually identified and separately recognized.
Line items represent financial concepts included in a table. These concepts are used to disclose reportable information associated with domain members defined in one or many axes to the table.
Line items represent financial concepts included in a table. These concepts are used to disclose reportable information associated with domain members defined in one or many axes to the table.
This element represents acquisition-related costs incurred to effect a business combination which costs have been expensed during the period. Such costs include finder's fees; advisory, legal, accounting, valuation, and other professional or consulting fees; general administrative costs, including the costs of maintaining an internal acquisitions department; and may include costs of registering and issuing debt and equity securities.
Amount of expense for salary, wage, profit sharing; incentive and equity-based compensation; and other employee benefit. Other employee benefit expense includes, but is not limited to, service component of net periodic benefit cost for defined benefit plan. Excludes compensation cost in cost of good and service sold.
Professional and contract service expense includes cost reimbursements for support services related to contracted projects, outsourced management, technical and staff support.
Amount of cash and cash equivalents restricted as to withdrawal or usage. Cash includes, but is not limited to, currency on hand, demand deposits with banks or financial institutions, and other accounts with general characteristics of demand deposits. Cash equivalents include, but are not limited to, short-term, highly liquid investments that are both readily convertible to known amounts of cash and so near their maturity that they present insignificant risk of changes in value because of changes in interest rates.
Amount of short-term, highly liquid investments that are both readily convertible to known amounts of cash and so near their maturity that they present insignificant risk of changes in value because of changes in interest rates. Excludes cash and cash equivalents within disposal group and discontinued operation.
For banks and other depository institutions (including Federal Reserve Banks, if applicable): Interest-bearing deposits in other financial institutions for relatively short periods of time including, for example, certificates of deposits, which are presented separately from cash on the balance sheet.
Amount, before tax, of unrealized gain in accumulated other comprehensive income (AOCI) on investment in debt security measured at fair value with change in fair value recognized in other comprehensive income (available-for-sale).
Amount, before tax, of unrealized loss in accumulated other comprehensive income (AOCI) on investment in debt security measured at fair value with change in fair value recognized in other comprehensive income (available-for-sale).
Amortized cost excluding accrued interest, after allowance for credit loss, of investment in debt security measured at fair value with change in fair value recognized in other comprehensive income (available-for-sale).
Amount excluding accrued interest, of investment in debt security measured at fair value with change in fair value recognized in other comprehensive income (available-for-sale).
Line items represent financial concepts included in a table. These concepts are used to disclose reportable information associated with domain members defined in one or many axes to the table.
This item represents the fair value of debt securities that have right to call or prepay the obligation which are expected to mature after five year and through ten years from the balance sheet date and which are categorized neither as held-to-maturity nor trading securities.
This item represents the fair value of debt securities that have right to call or prepay the obligation which are expected to mature after one year and through five years from the balance sheet date and which are categorized neither as held-to-maturity nor trading securities.
This item represents the fair value of debt securities that have right to call or prepay the obligation which are expected to mature after ten years from the balance sheet date and which are categorized neither as held-to-maturity nor trading securities.
Debt Securities, Available For Sale, Accrued Interest, After Allowance For Credit Loss, Statement Of Financial Position Extensible List Not Disclosed Flag
Amount, after allowance for credit loss, of accrued interest on investment in debt security measured at fair value with change in fair value recognized in other comprehensive income (available-for-sale).
Amount, before tax, of unrealized gain (loss) in accumulated other comprehensive income (AOCI) on investment in debt security measured at fair value with change in fair value recognized in other comprehensive income (available-for-sale).
Amount excluding accrued interest, of investment in debt security measured at fair value with change in fair value recognized in other comprehensive income (available-for-sale).
Amount of restricted investment in debt security measured at fair value with change in fair value recognized in other comprehensive income (available-for-sale).
Amount of investment in debt security measured at fair value with change in fair value recognized in other comprehensive income (available-for-sale), in unrealized loss position without allowance for credit loss.
Amount of accumulated unrealized loss on investment in debt security measured at fair value with change in fair value recognized in other comprehensive income (available-for-sale), in unrealized loss position, without allowance for credit loss. Includes beneficial interest in securitized financial asset.
Number of investments in debt securities measured at fair value with change in fair value recognized in other comprehensive income (available-for-sale), in unrealized loss position, without allowance for credit loss. Includes beneficial interest in securitized financial asset.
Amount of cash outflow to acquire investment in debt security measured at fair value with change in fair value recognized in other comprehensive income (available-for-sale).
Amount of cash inflow from sale of investment in debt security measured at fair value with change in fair value recognized in other comprehensive income (available-for-sale).
Line items represent financial concepts included in a table. These concepts are used to disclose reportable information associated with domain members defined in one or many axes to the table.
Amount of investment in debt security measured at fair value with change in fair value recognized in other comprehensive income (available-for-sale), in continuous unrealized loss position for more than 12 months, without allowance for credit loss. Includes beneficial interest in securitized financial asset.
Amount of accumulated unrealized loss on investment in debt security measured at fair value with change in fair value recognized in other comprehensive income (available-for-sale), in continuous unrealized loss position for 12 months or longer, without allowance for credit loss. Includes beneficial interest in securitized financial asset.
Amount of investment in debt security measured at fair value with change in fair value recognized in other comprehensive income (available-for-sale), in continuous unrealized loss position for less than 12 months, without allowance for credit loss. Includes beneficial interest in securitized financial asset.
Amount of accumulated unrealized loss on investment in debt security measured at fair value with change in fair value recognized in other comprehensive income (available-for-sale), in continuous unrealized loss position for less than 12 months, without allowance for credit loss. Includes beneficial interest in securitized financial asset.
Amount of investment in debt security measured at fair value with change in fair value recognized in other comprehensive income (available-for-sale), in unrealized loss position without allowance for credit loss.
Amount of accumulated unrealized loss on investment in debt security measured at fair value with change in fair value recognized in other comprehensive income (available-for-sale), in unrealized loss position, without allowance for credit loss. Includes beneficial interest in securitized financial asset.
Amortized cost of investment in debt security measured at fair value with change in fair value recognized in other comprehensive income (available-for-sale), with single maturity date and allocated without single maturity date, maturing in sixth through tenth fiscal year following current fiscal year. Excludes interim and annual periods when interim periods are reported from current statement of financial position date (rolling approach).
Fair value of investment in debt security measured at fair value with change in fair value recognized in other comprehensive income (available-for-sale), with single maturity date and allocated without single maturity date, maturing in sixth through tenth fiscal year following current fiscal year. Excludes interim and annual periods when interim periods are reported from current statement of financial position date (rolling approach).
Amortized cost of investment in debt security measured at fair value with change in fair value recognized in other comprehensive income (available-for-sale), with single maturity date and allocated without single maturity date, maturing in second through fifth fiscal year following current fiscal year. Excludes interim and annual periods when interim periods are reported from current statement of financial position date (rolling approach).
Fair value of investment in debt security measured at fair value with change in fair value recognized in other comprehensive income (available-for-sale), with single maturity date and allocated without single maturity date, maturing in second through fifth fiscal year following current fiscal year. Excludes interim and annual periods when interim periods are reported from current statement of financial position date (rolling approach).
Amortized cost of investment in debt security measured at fair value with change in fair value recognized in other comprehensive income (available-for-sale), with single maturity date and allocated without single maturity date, maturing after tenth fiscal year following current fiscal year. Excludes interim and annual periods when interim periods are reported from current statement of financial position date (rolling approach).
Fair value of investment in debt security measured at fair value with change in fair value recognized in other comprehensive income (available-for-sale), with single maturity date and allocated without single maturity date, maturing after tenth fiscal year following current fiscal year. Excludes interim and annual periods when interim periods are reported from current statement of financial position date (rolling approach).
Amortized cost of investment in debt security measured at fair value with change in fair value recognized in other comprehensive income (available-for-sale), with single maturity date and allocated without single maturity date, maturing in next fiscal year following current fiscal year. Excludes interim and annual periods when interim periods are reported from current statement of financial position date (rolling approach).
Fair value of investment in debt security measured at fair value with change in fair value recognized in other comprehensive income (available-for-sale), with single maturity date and allocated without single maturity date, maturing in next fiscal year following current fiscal year. Excludes interim and annual periods when interim periods are reported from current statement of financial position date (rolling approach).
Amortized cost excluding accrued interest, after allowance for credit loss, of investment in debt security measured at fair value with change in fair value recognized in other comprehensive income (available-for-sale).
Amount excluding accrued interest, of investment in debt security measured at fair value with change in fair value recognized in other comprehensive income (available-for-sale).
Weighted average yield of investment in debt security measured at fair value with change in fair value recognized in other comprehensive income (available-for-sale), maturing after tenth fiscal year following current fiscal year. Excludes interim and annual periods when interim periods are reported from current statement of financial position date (rolling approach).
Weighted average yield of investment in debt security measured at fair value with change in fair value recognized in other comprehensive income (available-for-sale), maturing in sixth through tenth fiscal year following current fiscal year. Excludes interim and annual periods when interim periods are reported from current statement of financial position date (rolling approach).
Weighted average yield of investment in debt security measured at fair value with change in fair value recognized in other comprehensive income (available-for-sale), maturing in second through fifth fiscal year following current fiscal year. Excludes interim and annual periods when interim periods are reported from current statement of financial position date (rolling approach).
Weighted average yield of investment in debt security measured at fair value with change in fair value recognized in other comprehensive income (available-for-sale), maturing in next fiscal year following current fiscal year. Excludes interim and annual periods when interim periods are reported from current statement of financial position date (rolling approach).
Amount of realized gain on investment in debt security measured at fair value with change in fair value recognized in other comprehensive income (available-for-sale).
Amount of realized gain (loss) on investment in debt security measured at fair value with change in fair value recognized in other comprehensive income (available-for-sale).
Amount of realized loss on investment in debt security measured at fair value with change in fair value recognized in other comprehensive income (available-for-sale).
Investments which are not defined as or included in marketable (debt, equity, or other) securities whose use is restricted in whole or in part, generally by contractual agreements or regulatory requirements. For use in an unclassified balance sheet.
Line items represent financial concepts included in a table. These concepts are used to disclose reportable information associated with domain members defined in one or many axes to the table.
Line items represent financial concepts included in a table. These concepts are used to disclose reportable information associated with domain members defined in one or many axes to the table.
The weighted-average interest rate of the acquired investment in a contractual right to receive money on demand or on fixed or determinable dates that is recognized as an asset in the creditor's statement of financial position.
Line items represent financial concepts included in a table. These concepts are used to disclose reportable information associated with domain members defined in one or many axes to the table.
Line items represent financial concepts included in a table. These concepts are used to disclose reportable information associated with domain members defined in one or many axes to the table.
Amount of unamortized loan commitment, origination, and other costs (fees) and purchase premium (discount) on financing receivable recognized as adjustment to yield. Excludes financing receivable covered under loss sharing agreement.
Amount of expense related loan transactions, lease transactions, credit loss from transactions other than loan and lease transactions, and other loss based on assessment of uncollectability from the counterparty to reduce the account to their net realizable value.
Line items represent financial concepts included in a table. These concepts are used to disclose reportable information associated with domain members defined in one or many axes to the table.
Amount, excluding accrued interest, of allowance for credit loss at acquisition date of financing receivable purchased with credit deterioration. Excludes net investment in lease.
Amount of commitment to lend additional funds to debtor experiencing financial difficulty for which creditor has modified terms of financing receivable.
Amortized cost excluding accrued interest, of financing receivable originated more than five years prior to current fiscal year. Excludes net investment in lease.
Amount, excluding accrued interest, of writeoff of financing receivable originated more than five years before current fiscal year. Excludes net investment in lease.
Amortized cost excluding accrued interest, of financing receivable originated four years prior to current fiscal year. Excludes net investment in lease.
Amount, excluding accrued interest, of writeoff of financing receivable originated four years before current fiscal year. Excludes net investment in lease.
Amortized cost excluding accrued interest, of financing receivable originated three years prior to current fiscal year. Excludes net investment in lease.
Amount, excluding accrued interest, of writeoff of financing receivable originated three years before current fiscal year. Excludes net investment in lease.
Amortized cost excluding accrued interest, of financing receivable originated two years prior to current fiscal year. Excludes net investment in lease.
Amount, excluding accrued interest, of writeoff of financing receivable originated two years before current fiscal year. Excludes net investment in lease.
Amortized cost excluding accrued interest of financing receivable originated in fiscal year prior to current fiscal year. Excludes net investment in lease.
Amount, excluding accrued interest, of writeoff of financing receivable originated in fiscal year before current fiscal year. Excludes net investment in lease.
Line items represent financial concepts included in a table. These concepts are used to disclose reportable information associated with domain members defined in one or many axes to the table.
Amortized cost excluding accrued interest, of financing receivable on nonaccrual status with no allowance for credit loss. Excludes net investment in lease.
Line items represent financial concepts included in a table. These concepts are used to disclose reportable information associated with domain members defined in one or many axes to the table.
Line items represent financial concepts included in a table. These concepts are used to disclose reportable information associated with domain members defined in one or many axes to the table.
Percentage, excluding accrued interest, of financing receivable modified during period for debtor experiencing financial difficulty to total financing receivables.
Line items represent financial concepts included in a table. These concepts are used to disclose reportable information associated with domain members defined in one or many axes to the table.
Period of increase in weighted average maturity of financing receivable modified for debtor experiencing financial difficulty, in 'PnYnMnDTnHnMnS' format, for example, 'P1Y5M13D' represents the reported fact of one year, five months, and thirteen days.
Allowance for Credit Losses - Aging Analysis of Loan Modifications Made to Borrowers Experiencing Financial Difficulty (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands
Line items represent financial concepts included in a table. These concepts are used to disclose reportable information associated with domain members defined in one or many axes to the table.
Allowance for Credit Losses - Amortized Cost Basis in TDR Loans and the Associated Specific Credit Losses for the Loan and Lease Portfolios (Details) $ in Thousands
The amount of the outstanding recorded investment related to financing receivables that have been modified by troubled debt restructurings during the period.
Amortized cost excluding accrued interest, of financing receivable with payment default in current period and modified within previous 12 months preceding payment default for debtor experiencing financial difficulty.
Line items represent financial concepts included in a table. These concepts are used to disclose reportable information associated with domain members defined in one or many axes to the table.
Allowance for Credit Losses - End-of-Period Amortized Cost Basis for Troubled Debt Restructurings That Were Modified (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands
Line items represent financial concepts included in a table. These concepts are used to disclose reportable information associated with domain members defined in one or many axes to the table.
Amount of accumulated depreciation, depletion and amortization for physical assets used in the normal conduct of business to produce goods and services.
Amount before accumulated depreciation, depletion and amortization of physical assets used in the normal conduct of business and not intended for resale. Examples include, but are not limited to, land, buildings, machinery and equipment, office equipment, and furniture and fixtures.
Line items represent financial concepts included in a table. These concepts are used to disclose reportable information associated with domain members defined in one or many axes to the table.
Amount after accumulated depreciation, depletion and amortization of physical assets used in the normal conduct of business to produce goods and services and not intended for resale. Examples include, but are not limited to, land, buildings, machinery and equipment, office equipment, and furniture and fixtures.
Useful life of long lived, physical assets used in the normal conduct of business and not intended for resale, in 'PnYnMnDTnHnMnS' format, for example, 'P1Y5M13D' represents the reported fact of one year, five months, and thirteen days. Examples include, but not limited to, land, buildings, machinery and equipment, office equipment, furniture and fixtures, and computer equipment.
The aggregate expense recognized in the current period that allocates the cost of tangible assets, intangible assets, or depleting assets to periods that benefit from use of the assets.
Amount after accumulated impairment loss of an asset representing future economic benefits arising from other assets acquired in a business combination that are not individually identified and separately recognized.
Amount of increase in asset representing future economic benefits arising from other assets acquired in a business combination that are not individually identified and separately recognized resulting from a business combination.
Sum of the carrying amounts of all intangible assets, excluding goodwill, as of the balance sheet date, net of accumulated amortization and impairment charges.
Weighted average amortization period of finite-lived intangible assets acquired either individually or as part of a group of assets, in 'PnYnMnDTnHnMnS' format, for example, 'P1Y5M13D' represents the reported fact of one year, five months, and thirteen days.
The amount of impairment loss recognized in the period resulting from the write-down of the carrying amount of an intangible asset (excluding goodwill) to fair value.
Line items represent financial concepts included in a table. These concepts are used to disclose reportable information associated with domain members defined in one or many axes to the table.
Amount of amortization for asset, excluding financial asset and goodwill, lacking physical substance with finite life expected to be recognized after fifth fiscal year following current fiscal year. Excludes interim and annual periods when interim periods are reported from current statement of financial position date (rolling approach).
Amount of amortization for assets, excluding financial assets and goodwill, lacking physical substance with finite life expected to be recognized in next fiscal year following current fiscal year. Excludes interim and annual periods when interim periods are reported from current statement of financial position date (rolling approach).
Amount of amortization for assets, excluding financial assets and goodwill, lacking physical substance with finite life expected to be recognized in fifth fiscal year following current fiscal year. Excludes interim and annual periods when interim periods are reported from current statement of financial position date (rolling approach).
Amount of amortization for assets, excluding financial assets and goodwill, lacking physical substance with finite life expected to be recognized in fourth fiscal year following current fiscal year. Excludes interim and annual periods when interim periods are reported from current statement of financial position date (rolling approach).
Amount of amortization for assets, excluding financial assets and goodwill, lacking physical substance with finite life expected to be recognized in third fiscal year following current fiscal year. Excludes interim and annual periods when interim periods are reported from current statement of financial position date (rolling approach).
Amount of amortization for assets, excluding financial assets and goodwill, lacking physical substance with finite life expected to be recognized in second fiscal year following current fiscal year. Excludes interim and annual periods when interim periods are reported from current statement of financial position date (rolling approach).
Line items represent financial concepts included in a table. These concepts are used to disclose reportable information associated with domain members defined in one or many axes to the table.
Carrying amount as of the balance sheet date of amounts which could be received based on the terms of the insurance contract upon surrendering life policies owned by the entity.
Represents the portion of the balance sheet assertion valued at fair value by the entity, whether such amount is presented as a separate caption or as a parenthetical disclosure. Additionally, this element may be used in connection with fair value disclosures required in the footnote disclosures to the financial statements. This item represents the amount of fair values of deposit liabilities held by the entity, including foreign and domestic, interest and noninterest bearing; it may include demand deposits, saving deposits, Negotiable Order of Withdrawal (NOW) excluding certificates of deposit or time deposits.
Amount of time deposits (including certificates of deposits, individual retirement accounts and open accounts) held by the entity with a remaining term of six months or less.
Amount of time deposits (including certificates of deposits, individual retirement accounts and open accounts) held by the entity with a remaining term of greater than six months, but twelve months or less.
The aggregate of all deposit liabilities held by the entity, including foreign and domestic, interest and noninterest bearing; may include demand deposits, saving deposits, Negotiable Order of Withdrawal (NOW) and time deposits among others.
Amount of deposits in accounts that offer many of the same services as checking accounts although transactions may be somewhat more limited, share some of the characteristics of a money market fund and are insured by the Federal government, also known as money market accounts.
Amount of deposits in interest-bearing transaction accounts at banks or savings and loans, that are restricted in regard to ownership and can usually only be held by individuals, nonprofit entities and governments. Negotiable order of withdrawal accounts differ from money market demand accounts as they typically have higher reserve requirements and no limit on the number of checks that can be written.
Amount of interest bearing deposits with no stated maturity, which may include passbook and statement savings accounts and money-market deposit accounts (MMDAs).
Amount of time deposit maturing after fifth fiscal year following current fiscal year. Time deposit includes, but is not limited to, certificate of deposit. Excludes interim and annual periods when interim periods are reported from current statement of financial position date (rolling approach).
Amount of time deposit maturing in fifth fiscal year following current fiscal year. Time deposit includes, but is not limited to, certificate of deposit. Excludes interim and annual periods when interim periods are reported from current statement of financial position date (rolling approach).
Amount of time deposit maturing in fourth fiscal year following current fiscal year. Time deposit includes, but is not limited to, certificate of deposit. Excludes interim and annual periods when interim periods are reported from current statement of financial position date (rolling approach).
Amount of time deposit maturing in third fiscal year following current fiscal year. Time deposit includes, but is not limited to, certificate of deposit. Excludes interim and annual periods when interim periods are reported from current statement of financial position date (rolling approach).
Amount of time deposit maturing in second fiscal year following current fiscal year. Time deposit includes, but is not limited to, certificate of deposit. Excludes interim and annual periods when interim periods are reported from current statement of financial position date (rolling approach).
Represents the amount of deposits which serve as collateral to partially or fully secure a debt obligation, repurchase agreement or other current or potential obligation, and for which the transferee is not permitted to sell or re-pledge them to an unrelated party.
Interest expense incurred on the amount of Negotiable Order of Withdrawal (NOW). Interest-bearing transaction account that combines the payable on demand feature of checks and investment feature of savings accounts. A NOW account is functionally an interest paying checking account.
Line items represent financial concepts included in a table. These concepts are used to disclose reportable information associated with domain members defined in one or many axes to the table.
The sum of the periodic adjustments of the differences between securities' face values and purchase prices that are charged against earnings. This is called accretion if the security was purchased at a discount and amortization if it was purchased at premium. As a noncash item, this element is an adjustment to net income when calculating cash provided by or used in operations using the indirect method.
Line items represent financial concepts included in a table. These concepts are used to disclose reportable information associated with domain members defined in one or many axes to the table.
Amount, before accumulated amortization, of debt issuance costs. Includes, but is not limited to, legal, accounting, underwriting, printing, and registration costs.
The carrying value as of the balance sheet date of the current and noncurrent portions of long-term obligations drawn from a line of credit, which is a bank's commitment to make loans up to a specific amount. Examples of items that might be included in the application of this element may consist of letters of credit, standby letters of credit, and revolving credit arrangements, under which borrowings can be made up to a maximum amount as of any point in time conditional on satisfaction of specified terms before, as of and after the date of drawdowns on the line. Includes short-term obligations that would normally be classified as current liabilities but for which (a) postbalance sheet date issuance of a long term obligation to refinance the short term obligation on a long term basis, or (b) the enterprise has entered into a financing agreement that clearly permits the enterprise to refinance the short-term obligation on a long term basis and the following conditions are met (1) the agreement does not expire within 1 year and is not cancelable by the lender except for violation of an objectively determinable provision, (2) no violation exists at the BS date, and (3) the lender has entered into the financing agreement is expected to be financially capable of honoring the agreement.
Maximum borrowing capacity under the credit facility without consideration of any current restrictions on the amount that could be borrowed or the amounts currently outstanding under the facility.
Amount of borrowings as of the balance sheet date from the Federal Home Loan Bank, which are primarily used to cover shortages in the required reserve balance and liquidity shortages.
Weighted average interest rate of advance from Federal Home Loan Bank (FHLBank) due after fifth fiscal year following current fiscal year. Excludes interim and annual periods when interim periods are reported from current statement of financial position date (rolling approach).
Weighted average interest rate of advance from Federal Home Loan Bank (FHLBank) due in fifth fiscal year following current fiscal year. Excludes interim and annual periods when interim periods are reported from current statement of financial position date (rolling approach).
Weighted average interest rate of advance from Federal Home Loan Bank (FHLBank) due in next fiscal year following current fiscal year. Excludes interim and annual periods when interim periods are reported from current statement of financial position date (rolling approach).
Weighted average interest rate of advance from Federal Home Loan Bank (FHLBank) due in second fiscal year following current fiscal year. Excludes interim and annual periods when interim periods are reported from current statement of financial position date (rolling approach).
Weighted average interest rate of advance from Federal Home Loan Bank (FHLBank) due in fourth fiscal year following current fiscal year. Excludes interim and annual periods when interim periods are reported from current statement of financial position date (rolling approach).
Weighted average interest rate of advance from Federal Home Loan Bank (FHLBank) due in third fiscal year following current fiscal year. Excludes interim and annual periods when interim periods are reported from current statement of financial position date (rolling approach).
Amount of advance from Federal Home Loan Bank (FHLBank) maturing after fifth fiscal year following current fiscal year. Excludes interim and annual periods when interim periods are reported from current statement of financial position date (rolling approach).
Amount of advance from Federal Home Loan Bank (FHLBank) maturing in fifth fiscal year following current fiscal year. Excludes interim and annual periods when interim periods are reported from current statement of financial position date (rolling approach).
Amount of advance from Federal Home Loan Bank (FHLBank) maturing in second fiscal year following current fiscal year. Excludes interim and annual periods when interim periods are reported from current statement of financial position date (rolling approach).
Amount of advance from Federal Home Loan Bank (FHLBank) maturing in fourth fiscal year following current fiscal year. Excludes interim and annual periods when interim periods are reported from current statement of financial position date (rolling approach).
Amount of advance from Federal Home Loan Bank (FHLBank) maturing in third fiscal year following current fiscal year. Excludes interim and annual periods when interim periods are reported from current statement of financial position date (rolling approach).
Amount of advance from Federal Home Loan Bank (FHLBank) maturing in next fiscal year following current fiscal year. Excludes interim and annual periods when interim periods are reported from current statement of financial position date (rolling approach).
Line items represent financial concepts included in a table. These concepts are used to disclose reportable information associated with domain members defined in one or many axes to the table.
For the form of debt having an initial term of less than one year or less than the normal operating cycle, if longer, average borrowings during the period.
For the form of debt having an initial term of less than one year or less than the normal operating cycle, if longer, maximum month-end borrowings during the period.
Line items represent financial concepts included in a table. These concepts are used to disclose reportable information associated with domain members defined in one or many axes to the table.
Amount of borrowing capacity currently available under the commercial and similar letters of credit facility (current borrowing capacity less the amount of borrowings outstanding).
Amount of borrowing capacity currently available under the financial standby letters of credit facility (current borrowing capacity less the amount of borrowings outstanding).
Amount of borrowing capacity currently available under the performance standby letters of credit facility (current borrowing capacity less the amount of borrowings outstanding).
Amount of borrowing capacity currently available under the equity credit facility (current borrowing capacity less the amount of borrowings outstanding).
Amount of borrowing capacity currently available under the other than equity credit facility (current borrowing capacity less the amount of borrowings outstanding).
Amount of borrowing capacity currently available under the other commercial facility (current borrowing capacity less the amount of borrowings outstanding).
Line items represent financial concepts included in a table. These concepts are used to disclose reportable information associated with domain members defined in one or many axes to the table.
Line items represent financial concepts included in a table. These concepts are used to disclose reportable information associated with domain members defined in one or many axes to the table.
Term of lessee's operating lease, in 'PnYnMnDTnHnMnS' format, for example, 'P1Y5M13D' represents reported fact of one year, five months, and thirteen days.
Amount of single lease cost, calculated by allocation of remaining cost of lease over remaining lease term. Includes, but is not limited to, single lease cost, after impairment of right-of-use asset, calculated by amortization of remaining right-of-use asset and accretion of lease liability.
Weighted average remaining lease term for operating lease, in 'PnYnMnDTnHnMnS' format, for example, 'P1Y5M13D' represents reported fact of one year, five months, and thirteen days.
Amount of lessee's undiscounted obligation for lease payment for operating lease due after fifth fiscal year following current fiscal year. Excludes interim and annual periods when interim periods are reported from current statement of financial position date (rolling approach).
Amount of lessee's undiscounted obligation for lease payment for operating lease to be paid in next fiscal year following current fiscal year. Excludes interim and annual periods when interim periods are reported from current statement of financial position date (rolling approach).
Amount of lessee's undiscounted obligation for lease payment for operating lease to be paid in fifth fiscal year following current fiscal year. Excludes interim and annual periods when interim periods are reported from current statement of financial position date (rolling approach).
Amount of lessee's undiscounted obligation for lease payment for operating lease to be paid in fourth fiscal year following current fiscal year. Excludes interim and annual periods when interim periods are reported from current statement of financial position date (rolling approach).
Amount of lessee's undiscounted obligation for lease payment for operating lease to be paid in third fiscal year following current fiscal year. Excludes interim and annual periods when interim periods are reported from current statement of financial position date (rolling approach).
Amount of lessee's undiscounted obligation for lease payment for operating lease to be paid in second fiscal year following current fiscal year. Excludes interim and annual periods when interim periods are reported from current statement of financial position date (rolling approach).
The amount of net income (loss) for the period available to each share of common stock or common unit outstanding during the reporting period and to each share or unit that would have been outstanding assuming the issuance of common shares or units for all dilutive potential common shares or units outstanding during the reporting period.
The average number of shares or units issued and outstanding that are used in calculating diluted EPS or earnings per unit (EPU), determined based on the timing of issuance of shares or units in the period.
Number of [basic] shares or units, after adjustment for contingently issuable shares or units and other shares or units not deemed outstanding, determined by relating the portion of time within a reporting period that common shares or units have been outstanding to the total time in that period.
Average remaining period until maturity of the derivative contract, in 'PnYnMnDTnHnMnS' format, for example, 'P1Y5M13D' represents the reported fact of one year, five months, and thirteen days.
Line items represent financial concepts included in a table. These concepts are used to disclose reportable information associated with domain members defined in one or many axes to the table.
Line items represent financial concepts included in a table. These concepts are used to disclose reportable information associated with domain members defined in one or many axes to the table.
The aggregate fair value of assets that are already posted, at the end of the reporting period, as collateral for derivative instruments with credit-risk-related contingent features.
Maximum potential amount of future undiscounted payments that could be required under the credit derivative, before reduction for potential recoveries under recourse or collateralization provisions.
Fair value of liability associated with financial asset or other contract with one or more underlyings, notional amount or payment provision or both, and the contract can be net settled by means outside the contract or delivery of an asset.
Fair value, after the effects of master netting arrangements, of a financial asset or other contract with one or more underlyings, notional amount or payment provision or both, and the contract can be net settled by means outside the contract or delivery of an asset. Includes assets not subject to a master netting arrangement and not elected to be offset.
Fair value, before effects of master netting arrangements, of a financial asset or other contract with one or more underlyings, notional amount or payment provision or both, and the contract can be net settled by means outside the contract or delivery of an asset. Includes assets elected not to be offset. Excludes assets not subject to a master netting arrangement.
Fair value, after effect of master netting arrangement and deduction of obligation to return financial collateral not offset and financial instrument subject to master netting arrangement not offset, of financial asset or other contract with one or more underlyings, notional amount or payment provision or both, and contract can be net settled by means outside contract or delivery of asset. Includes derivative not subject to master netting arrangement or similar agreement.
Fair value, before effects of master netting arrangements, of a financial liability or contract with one or more underlyings, notional amount or payment provision or both, and the contract can be net settled by means outside the contract or delivery of an asset. Includes liabilities elected not to be offset. Excludes liabilities not subject to a master netting arrangement.
Fair value, after effect of master netting arrangement and deduction of obligation to return financial collateral not offset and financial instrument subject to master netting arrangement not offset, of financial liability or contract with one or more underlyings, notional amount or payment provision or both, and contract can be net settled by means outside contract or delivery of asset. Includes derivative not subject to master netting arrangement or similar agreement.
Fair value, after the effects of master netting arrangements, of a financial liability or contract with one or more underlyings, notional amount or payment provision or both, and the contract can be net settled by means outside the contract or delivery of an asset. Includes liabilities not subject to a master netting arrangement and not elected to be offset.
Fair value of asset associated with financial liability or contract with one or more underlyings, notional amount or payment provision or both, and the contract can be net settled by means outside the contract or delivery of an asset.
Amount of current federal tax expense (benefit) attributable to income (loss) from continuing operations. Includes, but is not limited to, current national tax expense (benefit) for non-US (United States of America) jurisdiction.
Amount of current state and local tax expense (benefit) attributable to income (loss) from continuing operations. Includes, but is not limited to, current regional, territorial, and provincial tax expense (benefit) for non-US (United States of America) jurisdiction.
Amount of deferred federal tax expense (benefit) attributable to income (loss) from continuing operations. Includes, but is not limited to, deferred national tax expense (benefit) for non-US (United States of America) jurisdiction.
Amount of deferred state and local tax expense (benefit) attributable to income (loss) from continuing operations. Includes, but is not limited to, deferred regional, territorial, and provincial tax expense (benefit) for non-US (United States of America) jurisdiction.
The amount of income tax expense or benefit for the period computed by applying the domestic federal statutory tax rates to pretax income from continuing operations.
Amount of the difference between reported income tax expense (benefit) and expected income tax expense (benefit) computed by applying the domestic federal statutory income tax rates to pretax income (loss) from continuing operations attributable to other adjustments.
Amount of the difference between reported income tax expense (benefit) and expected income tax expense (benefit) computed by applying the domestic federal statutory income tax rates to pretax income (loss) from continuing operations attributable to state and local income tax expense (benefit).
Amount of the difference between reported income tax expense (benefit) and expected income tax expense (benefit) computed by applying the domestic federal statutory income tax rates to pretax income (loss) from continuing operations attributable to tax credits. Including, but not limited to, research credit, foreign tax credit, investment tax credit, and other tax credits.
Amount of the difference between reported income tax expense (benefit) and expected income tax expense (benefit) computed by applying the domestic federal statutory income tax rates to pretax income (loss) from continuing operations attributable to investment tax credit.
Amount of the difference between reported income tax expense (benefit) and expected income tax expense (benefit) computed by applying the domestic federal statutory income tax rates to pretax income (loss) from continuing operations attributable to income (loss) exempt from income taxes.
The tax effect as of the balance sheet date of the amount of the estimated future tax deductions attributable to nonaccrual interest and partial write downs on loans which can only be deducted for tax purposes when actual costs are known, and which can only be realized if sufficient tax-basis income is generated in future periods to enable the deduction to be taken.
Amount before allocation of valuation allowances of deferred tax asset attributable to deductible operating loss carryforwards and contribution carryovers.
Amount before allocation of valuation allowances of deferred tax asset attributable to deductible temporary differences from intangible assets including goodwill.
Amount, after allocation of valuation allowances and deferred tax liability, of deferred tax asset attributable to deductible differences and carryforwards, without jurisdictional netting.
Amount, before allocation of valuation allowance, of deferred tax asset attributable to deductible temporary differences from employee benefits, classified as other.
Amount, before allocation of valuation allowance, of deferred tax asset attributable to deductible temporary difference from allowance for credit loss on accounts receivable.
Amount, before allocation of valuation allowance, of deferred tax asset attributable to deductible temporary difference from unrealized loss on investment in debt security measured at fair value with change in fair value recognized in other comprehensive income (available-for-sale).
Represents the total amount of the liquidation account which has been established for the benefit of eligible account holders and supplemental eligible account holders, who maintain their deposit accounts with the entity after the stock offering.
The maximum number of nonredeemable preferred shares (or preferred stock redeemable solely at the option of the issuer) permitted to be issued by an entity's charter and bylaws.
Total number of nonredeemable preferred shares (or preferred stock redeemable solely at the option of the issuer) issued to shareholders (includes related preferred shares that were issued, repurchased, and remain in the treasury). May be all or portion of the number of preferred shares authorized. Excludes preferred shares that are classified as debt.
Number of shares that have been repurchased during the period and have not been retired and are not held in treasury. Some state laws may govern the circumstances under which an entity may acquire its own stock and prescribe the accounting treatment therefore. This element is used when state law does not recognize treasury stock.
Ratio of minimum total risk-based capital to risk-weighted assets categorized as well capitalized as defined by regulatory framework for prompt corrective action.
Line items represent financial concepts included in a table. These concepts are used to disclose reportable information associated with domain members defined in one or many axes to the table.
Ratio of minimum Tier 1 leverage capital to average assets categorized as well capitalized as defined by regulatory framework for prompt corrective action.
Ratio of minimum Tier 1 risk-based capital to risk-weighted assets categorized as well capitalized as defined by regulatory framework for prompt corrective action.
Ratio of minimum total risk-based capital to risk-weighted assets categorized as well capitalized as defined by regulatory framework for prompt corrective action.
Ratio of minimum Tier 1 leverage capital to average assets categorized as well capitalized as defined by regulatory framework for prompt corrective action.
Ratio of minimum Tier 1 risk-based capital to risk-weighted assets categorized as well capitalized as defined by regulatory framework for prompt corrective action.
Employee Benefit Plans - Rollforward of Plan Assets and Benefit Obligation (Details) - Health Insurance Postretirement Benefit - USD ($) $ in Thousands
Amount of gain (loss) from change in actuarial assumptions which (increases) decreases benefit obligation of defined benefit plan. Assumptions include, but are not limited to, interest, mortality, employee turnover, salary, and temporary deviation from substantive plan.
Amount of payment to participant of defined benefit plan which decreases benefit obligation. For pension plan, payment includes, but is not limited to, pension benefits and death benefits. For other postretirement plan, payment includes, but is not limited to, prescription drug benefits, health care benefits, life insurance benefits, and legal, educational and advisory services.
Amount of asset segregated and restricted to provide benefit under defined benefit plan. Asset includes, but is not limited to, stock, bond, other investment, earning from investment, and contribution by employer and employee.
Amount of funded (unfunded) status of defined benefit plan, measured as difference between fair value of plan assets and benefit obligation. Includes, but is not limited to, overfunded (underfunded) status.
Amount of payment to participant under defined benefit plan which decreases plan assets. For pension plan, payment includes, but is not limited to, pension benefits and death benefits. For other postretirement plan, payment includes, but is not limited to, prescription drug benefits, health care benefits, life insurance benefits, and legal, educational and advisory services.
The high end of the range of assumed health care cost trend rate used to measure the expected cost of benefits covered by the plan (gross eligible charges) till the year the ultimate health care cost trend rate is expected to be reached.
The low end of the range of assumed health care cost trend rate used to measure the expected cost of benefits covered by the plan (gross eligible charges) till the year the ultimate health care cost trend rate is expected to be reached.
The carrying amount of the liability as of the balance sheet date to an individual under a deferred compensation arrangement. This amount may be the result of periodic accruals made over the period of active employment, or reflect termination benefits resulting contractual terms or a death benefit.
Amount of gain (loss) from change in actuarial assumptions which (increases) decreases benefit obligation of defined benefit plan. Assumptions include, but are not limited to, interest, mortality, employee turnover, salary, and temporary deviation from substantive plan.
Amount of funded (unfunded) status of defined benefit plan, measured as difference between fair value of plan assets and benefit obligation. Includes, but is not limited to, overfunded (underfunded) status.
Assumed rate, for next fiscal year, based on annual change in cost of health care cost benefits used to measure expected cost of benefits covered by defined benefit postretirement plan. Factors include, but are not limited to, estimate of health care inflation, change in health care utilization or delivery pattern, technological advances, and change in health status of participant. Excludes factors for change in composition of plan population by age and dependency status.
Line items represent financial concepts included in a table. These concepts are used to disclose reportable information associated with domain members defined in one or many axes to the table.
Amount, before tax, of gain (loss) for (increase) decrease in value of benefit obligation for change in actuarial assumptions and increase (decrease) in value of plan assets from experience different from that assumed of defined benefit plan, that has not been recognized in net periodic benefit (cost) credit.
Period over which grantee's right to exercise award under share-based payment arrangement is no longer contingent on satisfaction of service or performance condition, in 'PnYnMnDTnHnMnS' format, for example, 'P1Y5M13D' represents reported fact of one year, five months, and thirteen days. Includes, but is not limited to, combination of market, performance or service condition.
Employee Benefit Plans - Net Periodic Postretirement Benefit Cost and Other Amounts Recognized in Other Comprehensive Income (Details) - Health Insurance Postretirement Benefit - USD ($) $ in Thousands
Amount, before tax, of cost (credit) of benefit change attributable to participants' prior service from plan amendment or plan initiation of defined benefit plan, that has not been recognized in net periodic benefit cost (credit).
Amount, before tax, of gain (loss) for (increase) decrease in value of benefit obligation for change in actuarial assumptions and increase (decrease) in value of plan assets from experience different from that assumed of defined benefit plan, that has not been recognized in net periodic benefit (cost) credit.
Amount of decrease in service and interest cost components of net periodic postretirement benefit cost from one-percentage-point decrease in assumed health care cost trend rate.
Amount of increase in service and interest cost components of net periodic postretirement benefit cost from one-percentage-point increase in assumed health care cost trend rate.
Employee Benefit Plans - Restricted Stock Awards (Details) - Number of Securities to Be Issued Upon Exercise of Outstanding Options, Warrants, and rights (a) $ / shares in Units, $ in Thousands
Weighted-average period over which cost not yet recognized is expected to be recognized for award under share-based payment arrangement, in 'PnYnMnDTnHnMnS' format, for example, 'P1Y5M13D' represents reported fact of one year, five months, and thirteen days.
Weighted average fair value as of the grant date of equity-based award plans other than stock (unit) option plans that were not exercised or put into effect as a result of the occurrence of a terminating event.
The number of grants made during the period on other than stock (or unit) option plans (for example, phantom stock or unit plan, stock or unit appreciation rights plan, performance target plan).
The weighted average fair value at grant date for nonvested equity-based awards issued during the period on other than stock (or unit) option plans (for example, phantom stock or unit plan, stock or unit appreciation rights plan, performance target plan).
The number of non-vested equity-based payment instruments, excluding stock (or unit) options, that validly exist and are outstanding as of the balance sheet date.
The weighted average fair value as of grant date pertaining to an equity-based award plan other than a stock (or unit) option plan for which the grantee gained the right during the reporting period, by satisfying service and performance requirements, to receive or retain shares or units, other instruments, or cash in accordance with the terms of the arrangement.
Number of securities into which the class of warrant or right may be converted. For example, but not limited to, 500,000 warrants may be converted into 1,000,000 shares.
Line items represent financial concepts included in a table. These concepts are used to disclose reportable information associated with domain members defined in one or many axes to the table.
Fair Value of Financial Instruments - Carrying Value of Assets and Liabilities Measured at Fair Value on Recurring Basis (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands
Amount excluding accrued interest, of investment in debt security measured at fair value with change in fair value recognized in other comprehensive income (available-for-sale).
Fair value, before effects of master netting arrangements, of a financial asset or other contract with one or more underlyings, notional amount or payment provision or both, and the contract can be net settled by means outside the contract or delivery of an asset. Includes assets elected not to be offset. Excludes assets not subject to a master netting arrangement.
Fair value, before effects of master netting arrangements, of a financial liability or contract with one or more underlyings, notional amount or payment provision or both, and the contract can be net settled by means outside the contract or delivery of an asset. Includes liabilities elected not to be offset. Excludes liabilities not subject to a master netting arrangement.
Amount excluding accrued interest, of investment in debt security measured at fair value with change in fair value recognized in other comprehensive income (available-for-sale).
Value of input used to measure investment in debt security measured at fair value with change in fair value recognized in other comprehensive income (available-for-sale).
Line items represent financial concepts included in a table. These concepts are used to disclose reportable information associated with domain members defined in one or many axes to the table.
Fair Value of Financial Instruments - Changes in Estimated Fair Value For All Assets and Liabilities Measured at Estimated Fair Value (Details) $ in Thousands
Amount of gain (loss) recognized in other comprehensive income (OCI) from asset measured at fair value on recurring basis using unobservable input (level 3).
Amount of purchases of financial instrument classified as an asset measured using unobservable inputs that reflect the entity's own assumption about the assumptions market participants would use in pricing.
Amount of sale of financial instrument classified as an asset measured using unobservable inputs that reflect the entity's own assumption about the assumptions market participants would use in pricing.
Amount of settlement of financial instrument classified as an asset measured using unobservable inputs that reflect the entity's own assumption about the assumptions market participants would use in pricing.
Fair value of financial instrument classified as an asset measured using unobservable inputs that reflect the entity's own assumption about the assumptions market participants would use in pricing.
Fair Value of Financial Instruments - Carrying Value of Assets and Liabilities Measured at Fair Value on Non-recurring Basis (Details) - Nonrecurring basis - USD ($) $ in Thousands
Line items represent financial concepts included in a table. These concepts are used to disclose reportable information associated with domain members defined in one or many axes to the table.
Fair Value of Financial Instruments - Quantitative Information About Significant Unobservable Inputs (level 3) for Assets Measured at Fair Value on Recurring Basis (Details) - Level 3 - USD ($) $ in Thousands
Line items represent financial concepts included in a table. These concepts are used to disclose reportable information associated with domain members defined in one or many axes to the table.
The summation of accrued expenses and other liabilities. Accrued expenses represent the carrying value as of the balance sheet date of obligations incurred and payable, pertaining to costs that are statutory in nature, are incurred on contractual obligations, or accumulate over time and for which invoices have not yet been received or will not be rendered. Other liabilities represent the carrying amount as of the balance sheet date of liabilities not individually reported in the financial statements or not separately disclosed in notes.
Value received from shareholders in common stock-related transactions that are in excess of par value or stated value and amounts received from other stock-related transactions. Includes only common stock transactions (excludes preferred stock transactions). May be called contributed capital, capital in excess of par, capital surplus, or paid-in capital.
Sum of the carrying amounts as of the balance sheet date of all assets that are recognized. Assets are probable future economic benefits obtained or controlled by an entity as a result of past transactions or events.
Amount of currency on hand as well as demand deposits with banks or financial institutions. Includes other kinds of accounts that have the general characteristics of demand deposits. Also includes short-term, highly liquid investments that are both readily convertible to known amounts of cash and so near their maturity that they present insignificant risk of changes in value because of changes in interest rates. Excludes cash and cash equivalents within disposal group and discontinued operation.
For banks and other depository institutions: Includes cash on hand (currency and coin), cash items in process of collection, noninterest bearing deposits due from other financial institutions (including corporate credit unions), and noninterest bearing balances with the Federal Reserve Banks, Federal Home Loan Banks and central banks.
Amount of short-term, highly liquid investments that are both readily convertible to known amounts of cash and so near their maturity that they present insignificant risk of changes in value because of changes in interest rates. Excludes cash and cash equivalents within disposal group and discontinued operation.
Aggregate par or stated value of issued nonredeemable common stock (or common stock redeemable solely at the option of the issuer). This item includes treasury stock repurchased by the entity. Note: elements for number of nonredeemable common shares, par value and other disclosure concepts are in another section within stockholders' equity.
Amount, after allocation of valuation allowances and deferred tax liability, of deferred tax asset attributable to deductible differences and carryforwards, with jurisdictional netting.
Amount after accumulated impairment loss of an asset representing future economic benefits arising from other assets acquired in a business combination that are not individually identified and separately recognized.
Sum of the carrying amounts as of the balance sheet date of all liabilities that are recognized. Liabilities are probable future sacrifices of economic benefits arising from present obligations of an entity to transfer assets or provide services to other entities in the future.
Amount after accumulated depreciation, depletion and amortization of physical assets used in the normal conduct of business to produce goods and services and not intended for resale. Examples include, but are not limited to, land, buildings, machinery and equipment, office equipment, and furniture and fixtures.
Investments which are not defined as or included in marketable (debt, equity, or other) securities whose use is restricted in whole or in part, generally by contractual agreements or regulatory requirements. For use in an unclassified balance sheet.
Line items represent financial concepts included in a table. These concepts are used to disclose reportable information associated with domain members defined in one or many axes to the table.
Total number of common shares of an entity that have been sold or granted to shareholders (includes common shares that were issued, repurchased and remain in the treasury). These shares represent capital invested by the firm's shareholders and owners, and may be all or only a portion of the number of shares authorized. Shares issued include shares outstanding and shares held in the treasury.
This element represents equipment expense including depreciation, repairs, rentals, and service contract costs. This item also includes equipment purchases which do not qualify for capitalization in accordance with the entity's accounting policy. This element also includes the data processing expenses.
This element represents acquisition-related costs incurred to effect a business combination which costs have been expensed during the period. Such costs include finder's fees; advisory, legal, accounting, valuation, and other professional or consulting fees; general administrative costs, including the costs of maintaining an internal acquisitions department; and may include costs of registering and issuing debt and equity securities.
The expense in the period incurred with respect to protection provided by insurance entities against risks other than risks associated with production (which are allocated to cost of sales).
Represents the total of interest and dividend income, including any amortization and accretion (as applicable) of discounts and premiums, earned from (1) loans and leases whether held-for-sale or held-in-portfolio; (2) investment securities; (3) federal funds sold; (4) securities purchased under agreements to resell; (5) investments in banker's acceptances, commercial paper, or certificates of deposit; (6) dividend income; or (7) other investments not otherwise specified herein.
Interest expense incurred during the reporting period on subordinated notes and debentures. Includes amortization of expenses incurred in the issuance of subordinated notes and debentures.
Noninterest expense related to directors' fees which are fees paid by an Entity to its directors. Directors' fees may be paid in addition to salary and other benefits.
The total amount of noninterest income which may be derived from: (1) fees and commissions; (2) premiums earned; (3) insurance policy charges; (4) the sale or disposal of assets; and (5) other sources not otherwise specified.
Represents the total of noninterest income derived from certain activities and assets including (for example): (1) venture capital investments; (2) bank owned life insurance; (3) foreign currency transactions; and (4) mortgage servicing rights.
Amount of net occupancy expense that may include items, such as depreciation of facilities and equipment, lease expenses, property taxes and property and casualty insurance expense.
A fee charged for services from professionals such as doctors, lawyers and accountants. The term is often expanded to include other professions, for example, pharmacists charging to maintain a medicinal profile of a client or customer.
The amount of expense charged against earnings in the period to allocate the cost, net of salvage value, of premises and equipment over their remaining estimated productive lives and includes the amortization of leasehold property.
Amount of currency on hand as well as demand deposits with banks or financial institutions. Includes other kinds of accounts that have the general characteristics of demand deposits. Also includes short-term, highly liquid investments that are both readily convertible to known amounts of cash and so near their maturity that they present insignificant risk of changes in value because of changes in interest rates. Excludes cash and cash equivalents within disposal group and discontinued operation.
Amount of increase (decrease) in cash, cash equivalents, and cash and cash equivalents restricted to withdrawal or usage; including effect from exchange rate change. Cash includes, but is not limited to, currency on hand, demand deposits with banks or financial institutions, and other accounts with general characteristics of demand deposits. Cash equivalents include, but are not limited to, short-term, highly liquid investments that are both readily convertible to known amounts of cash and so near their maturity that they present insignificant risk of changes in value because of changes in interest rates.
Amount of cash inflow (outflow) from financing activities, including discontinued operations. Financing activity cash flows include obtaining resources from owners and providing them with a return on, and a return of, their investment; borrowing money and repaying amounts borrowed, or settling the obligation; and obtaining and paying for other resources obtained from creditors on long-term credit.
Amount of cash inflow (outflow) from investing activities, including discontinued operations. Investing activity cash flows include making and collecting loans and acquiring and disposing of debt or equity instruments and property, plant, and equipment and other productive assets.
Amount of cash inflow (outflow) from operating activities, including discontinued operations. Operating activity cash flows include transactions, adjustments, and changes in value not defined as investing or financing activities.
Other cash or noncash adjustments to reconcile net income to cash provided by (used in) operating activities that are not separately disclosed in the statement of cash flows (for example, cash received or cash paid during the current period for miscellaneous operating activities, net change during the reporting period in other assets or other liabilities).
The cash outflow associated with the acquisition of long-lived, physical assets that are used in the normal conduct of business to produce goods and services and not intended for resale; includes cash outflows to pay for construction of self-constructed assets.
