10-K 1 brkl-20141231x10k.htm 10K BRKL-2014.12.31-10K

 
UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, DC 20549
FORM 10-K
x
ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934,
for the Fiscal Year Ended December 31, 2014,
or
o
TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934,
for the transition period from           N/A           to                                 .
Commission File Number: 0-23695
BROOKLINE BANCORP, INC.
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)
Delaware
(State or other jurisdiction of
incorporation of organization)
 
04-3402944
(I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)
131 Clarendon Street, Boston, Massachusetts
(Address of principal executive offices)
 
02116
(Zip Code)
(617) 425-4600
(Registrant's telephone number, including area code)
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:
Title of Each Class
 
Name of Each Exchange on Which Registered
Common Stock, par value of $0.01 per share
 
Nasdaq Global Select Market
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12 (g) of the Act: None
Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act of 1934. YES o    NO x
Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Act of 1934. YES o    NO x
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports) and (2) has been subject to such filing requirement for the past 90 days. YES x    NO o
Indicate by check mark if disclosure of delinquent filers pursuant to Item 405 of Regulation S-K (§ 229.405 of this chapter) is not contained herein, and will not be contained, to the best of the registrant's knowledge, in definitive proxy or information statements incorporated by reference in Part III of this Form 10-K or any amendments to this Form 10-K. o
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files). YES x    NO o
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer or a smaller reporting company. See definition of "large accelerated filer", "accelerated filer" and "smaller reporting company" in Rule 12-b of the Exchange Act (Check one).
Large accelerated filer x
 
Accelerated filer o
 
Non-accelerated filer o
 (Do not check if a
smaller reporting company)
 
Smaller reporting company o
Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Act). YES o    NO x
The aggregate market value of the number of shares of common stock held by nonaffiliates as of June 30, 2014, based upon the closing price per share, was $654.9 million.
At March 2, 2015, the number of shares of common stock, par value $0.01 per share, issued and outstanding were 75,744,445 and 70,039,176, respectively.
 


BROOKLINE BANCORP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
2014 FORM 10-K
Table of Contents
 
 
Page
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 


FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS
Certain statements contained in this Annual Report on Form 10-K that are not historical facts may constitute forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, and are intended to be covered by the safe harbor provisions of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. Forward-looking statements involve risks and uncertainties. These statements, which are based on certain assumptions and describe Brookline Bancorp, Inc.'s (the "Company's") future plans, strategies and expectations, can generally be identified by the use of the words "may," "will," "should," "could," "would," "plan," "potential," "estimate," "project," "believe," "intend," "anticipate," "expect," "target" and similar expressions. These statements include, among others, statements regarding the Company's intent, belief or expectations with respect to economic conditions, trends affecting the Company's financial condition or results of operations, and the Company's exposure to market, liquidity, interest-rate and credit risk.
Forward-looking statements are based on the current assumptions underlying the statements and other information with respect to the beliefs, plans, objectives, goals, expectations, anticipations, estimates and intentions of management and the financial condition, results of operations, future performance and business are only expectations of future results. Although the Company believes that the expectations reflected in the Company's forward-looking statements are reasonable, the Company's actual results could differ materially from those projected in the forward-looking statements as a result of, among other factors, adverse conditions in the capital and debt markets; changes in interest rates; competitive pressures from other financial institutions; weakness in general economic conditions on a national basis or in the local markets in which the Company operates, including changes which adversely affect borrowers' ability to service and repay their loans and leases; changes in the value of securities and other assets in the Company's investment portfolio; changes in loan and lease default and charge-off rates; the adequacy of allowances for loan and lease losses; deposit levels necessitating increased borrowing to fund loans and investments; changes in government regulation; the risk that goodwill and intangibles recorded in the Company's financial statements will become impaired; and changes in assumptions used in making such forward-looking statements, as well as the other risks and uncertainties detailed in Item 1A, "Risk Factors." Forward-looking statements speak only as of the date on which they are made. The Company does not undertake any obligation to update any forward-looking statement to reflect circumstances or events that occur after the date the forward-looking statements are made.
PART I
Item 1.    Business
General
Brookline Bancorp, Inc. (the "Company"), a Delaware corporation, operates as a multi-bank holding company for Brookline Bank and its subsidiaries, Bank Rhode Island ("BankRI") and its subsidiaries, First Ipswich Bank ("First Ipswich" and formerly known as the First National Bank of Ipswich) and its subsidiaries, and Brookline Securities Corp.
Brookline Bank, which includes its wholly-owned subsidiaries, BBS Investment Corp. and Longwood Securities Corp., and its 84.7%-owned subsidiary, Eastern Funding LLC ("Eastern Funding"), operates 24 full-service banking offices in the greater Boston metropolitan area. Brookline Bank was established as a savings bank in 1871 under the name Brookline Savings Bank. The Company was organized in November 1997 for the purpose of acquiring all of the capital stock of Brookline Savings Bank on completion of the reorganization of Brookline Savings Bank from a mutual savings bank into a mutual holding company structure and partial public offering. In 2002, the Company became fully public. In January 2003, Brookline Savings Bank changed its name to Brookline Bank.
On February 28, 2011, the Company acquired First Ipswich Bancorp, the holding company for First Ipswich, headquartered in Ipswich, Massachusetts. First Ipswich, which includes its wholly-owned subsidiaries, First Ipswich Securities II Corp. and First Ipswich Insurance Agency, operates 5 full-service banking offices on the north shore of eastern Massachusetts. In June 2012, the First National Bank of Ipswich changed its name to First Ipswich Bank.
On January 1, 2012, the Company acquired Bancorp Rhode Island, Inc., a Rhode Island corporation and holding company for BankRI, headquartered in Providence, Rhode Island. BankRI, which includes its wholly-owned subsidiaries, BRI Investment Corp., Macrolease Corporation ("Macrolease"), Acorn Insurance Agency and BRI Realty Corp., operates 19 full-service banking offices in the greater Providence area.
As a commercially-focused financial institution with 48 full-service banking offices throughout greater Boston, the north shore of Massachusetts, and Rhode Island, the Company, through Brookline Bank, BankRI and First Ipswich (individually and collectively, the "Banks"), offers a wide range of commercial, business and retail banking services, including a full complement of cash management products, on-line banking services, consumer and residential loans and investment services, designed to

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meet the financial needs of small- to mid-sized businesses and individuals throughout central New England. Specialty lending activities include equipment financing primarily in the New York/New Jersey metropolitan area.
The Company focuses its business efforts on profitably growing its commercial lending businesses, both organically and through acquisitions. The Company's customer focus, multi-bank structure, and risk management are integral to its organic growth strategy and serve to differentiate the Company from its competitors. As full-service financial institutions, the Banks and their subsidiaries focus on the continued addition of well-qualified customers, the deepening of long-term banking relationships through a full complement of products and excellent customer service, and strong risk management. The Company's multi-bank structure retains the local-bank orientation while relieving local bank management of the responsibility for most back-office functions, which are consolidated at the holding company level. Branding and decision-making, including credit decisions and pricing, remain largely local in order to better meet the needs of bank customers and further motivate the Banks' commercial, business and retail bankers.
The Company, has, from time to time, acquired other business lines or financial institutions that it believes share the Company's relationship and customer service orientations and provide access to complementary markets, customers, products and services. The Company expanded its geographic footprint with the acquisitions of First Ipswich in February 2011 and BankRI in January 2012.
The Company's headquarters and executive management are located at 131 Clarendon Street, Boston, Massachusetts 02116 and its telephone number is 617-425-4600.
The loan and lease portfolio grew $460.1 million, or 10.5%, to $4.8 billion at December 31, 2014 from $4.4 billion at December 31, 2013. The Company's commercial loan portfolios, which are comprised of commercial real estate loans and commercial loans and leases, continued to exhibit growth. The Company's commercial loan portfolios, which totaled $3.6 billion, or 75.4% of total loans and leases, at December 31, 2014, increased $465.7 million, or 14.7%, from $3.2 billion, or 72.6% of total loans and leases, at December 31, 2013.
Total deposits increased $123.1 million, or 3.2%, to $4.0 billion at December 31, 2014 from $3.8 billion at December 31, 2013. Core deposits, which include demand checking, NOW, money market and savings accounts, increased 3.8% to $3.0 billion at December 31, 2014. The Company's core deposits increased as a percentage of total deposits to 76.1% at December 31, 2014 from 75.6% at December 31, 2013.
Throughout 2014, the Company added $8.2 million to its allowance for loan and lease losses and experienced net charge-offs of $3.0 million to bring the balance to $53.7 million at December 31, 2014. The ratio of the allowance for loan and lease losses to total loans and leases remained the same at 1.11% at December 31, 2014 and December 31, 2013. Excluding the loans acquired from BankRI and First Ipswich, the ratio of the allowance for loan and lease losses related to originated loans and leases was 1.20% at December 31, 2014 and 1.32% at December 31, 2013. Nonperforming assets at December 31, 2014 were $15.2 million, down from $18.1 million at the end of 2013. Nonperforming assets were 0.26% and 0.34% of total assets at the end of 2014 and 2013, respectively. The Company's credit quality compares favorably to its peers, and remains a top priority within the Company.
Net interest income increased in 2014 $12.9 million, or 7.3%, to $189.1 million compared to $176.2 million in 2013. The net interest margin decreased 3 basis points to 3.61% in 2014 from 3.64% in 2013. Net income for 2014 increased $7.4 million, or 20.9%, to $42.8 million from $35.4 million for 2013. Basic and fully diluted earnings per common share ("EPS") increased to $0.61 for 2014 from $0.51 for 2013.
Competition
The Company provides banking alternatives in the greater Boston, Massachusetts, and Providence, Rhode Island, metropolitan marketplaces, each of which are dominated by several large national banking institutions. Based on total deposits at June 30, 2014, the Company ranks twelfth in deposit market share among bank holding companies in the Massachusetts market area and fifth in deposit market share among bank holding companies in the Rhode Island market area. The Company faces considerable competition in its market area for all aspects of banking and related service activities. Competition from both bank and non-bank organizations is expected to continue with the Company facing strong competition in generating loans and attracting deposits.
In addition to other commercial banks, the Company's main competition for generating loans includes savings banks, credit unions, mortgage banking companies, insurance companies, and other financial services companies. Competitive factors considered for loan generation include product offerings, interest rates, terms offered, services provided and geographic locations. Lending services for the Company are concentrated in the greater Boston, Massachusetts, and Providence, Rhode Island, metropolitan areas, eastern Massachusetts, southern New Hampshire, and Rhode Island, while the Company's equipment financing activities are concentrated in New York and New Jersey.

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In attracting deposits, the Company's primary competitors are savings banks, commercial banks, credit unions, and other non-depository institutions such as securities and brokerage firms and insurance companies. Competitive factors considered in attracting and retaining deposits include product offerings and rate of return, convenient branch locations and automated teller machines and online access to accounts. Deposit customers are generally in communities where banking offices are located.
Market Area and Credit Risk Concentration
As of December 31, 2014, the Company, through its Banks, operated 48 full-service banking offices in greater Boston, Massachusetts, and greater Providence, Rhode Island. The Banks' deposits are gathered from the general public primarily in the communities in which the banking offices are located. The deposit market in Massachusetts and Rhode Island is highly concentrated. Based on June 30, 2014 FDIC statistics, the five largest banks in Massachusetts have an aggregate market share of approximately 65%, and the three largest banks in Rhode Island have an aggregate deposit market share of approximately 74%. The Banks' lending activities are concentrated primarily in the greater Boston, Massachusetts, and Providence, Rhode Island, metropolitan areas, eastern Massachusetts, southern New Hampshire and Rhode Island. In addition, the Company, through subsidiaries of Brookline Bank and BankRI, conducts equipment financing activities in the New York/New Jersey metropolitan area and elsewhere.
Commercial real estate loans. Multi-family and commercial real estate mortgage loans typically generate higher yields, but also involve greater credit risk. In addition, many of the Banks' borrowers have more than one multi-family or commercial real estate loan outstanding. The Banks manage this credit risk by limiting loan-to-value ratios at loan origination, lending to seasoned real estate owners/managers, using reasonable capitalization and vacancy ratios, cross-collateralizing loans to one borrower when deemed prudent, and limiting the amount and types of construction lending. At December 31, 2014, the largest commercial real estate loan in Brookline Bank's portfolio was $14.0 million, the largest commercial real estate loan in First Ipswich's portfolio was $3.6 million, and the largest commercial real estate loan in BankRI's portfolio was $9.9 million. Many of the Banks’ commercial real estate customers have other commercial borrowing relationships with the bank.
Commercial loans and equipment leasing. Brookline Bank and First Ipswich originate commercial loans and leases for working capital and other business-related purposes, and are concentrating such lending to companies located primarily in Massachusetts, and, in the case of Eastern Funding, in New York and New Jersey. BankRI originates commercial loans and lines of credit for various business-related purposes, and engages in equipment financing through its wholly-owned subsidiary, Macrolease, in New York and New Jersey.
Because commercial loans are typically made on the basis of the borrower's ability to make repayment from the cash flow of the business, the availability of funds for the repayment of commercial and industrial loans may be significantly dependent on the success of the business itself. Further, the collateral securing the loans may be difficult to value, may fluctuate in value based on the success of the business and may deteriorate over time. For this reason, these loans and leases involve greater credit risk. Loans and leases originated by Eastern Funding generally earn higher yields because the borrowers are typically small businesses with limited capital such as laundries, dry cleaners, fitness centers, convenience stores and tow truck operators. The Macrolease equipment financing portfolio is comprised of small- to medium-sized businesses such as fitness centers, restaurants and other commercial equipment. The Banks manage the credit risk inherent in commercial lending by limiting industry concentrations, franchisee concentrations and duration of loan maturities; requiring strong debt service coverage ratios; limiting loan-to-value ratios; employing adjustable rates without interest rate caps; and securing personal guarantees from borrowers. At December 31, 2014, the largest commercial loan in Brookline Bank's portfolio was $20.0 million, the largest commercial loan in First Ipswich's portfolio was for $3.3 million, and the largest commercial loan in BankRI's portfolio was for $15.9 million.
Indirect auto loans. As of December 2014, management ceased the origination of indirect automobile loans. Until December 2014, most of Brookline Bank's indirect automobile loans were originated through automobile dealerships located in Massachusetts, Connecticut, Rhode Island and New Hampshire. At December 31, 2014, the largest indirect automobile loan in Brookline Bank's portfolio was $65,751. For regulatory purposes, Brookline Bank's indirect automobile loan portfolio is not classified as "subprime lending." Brookline Bank has established policies for loan underwriting and the careful monitoring of its indirect auto loan portfolio performance and the effect of economic conditions on consumers and the automobile industry. First Ipswich and BankRI do not engage in indirect automobile lending.
Consumer loans. Brookline Bank’s and First Ipswich’s retail customers live and work in the Boston metropolitan area, are financially active and value personalized service and easy branch access. BankRI's retail customers live and work in the Providence, Rhode Island, metropolitan area and value easy branch access, personalized service, and knowledge of local communities. The Banks' consumer loan portfolios, which include residential mortgage loans, home equity loans and lines of credit, and other consumer loans, caters to the borrowing needs of this customer base. Credit risk in these portfolios is managed by limiting loan-to-value ratios at loan origination and by requiring strong credit histories. At December 31, 2014, the largest

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consumer loan in Brookline Bank's portfolio was $6.9 million, the largest consumer loan in First Ipswich's portfolio was $1.4 million, and the largest consumer loan in BankRI's portfolio was $3.2 million.
Economic Conditions and Governmental Policies
Repayment of multi-family and commercial real estate loans made by the Company generally is dependent on sufficient income from the properties to cover operating expenses and debt service. Repayment of commercial loans and equipment financing loans and leases generally is dependent on the demand for the borrowers' products or services and the ability of borrowers to compete and operate on a profitable basis. Repayment of residential mortgage loans, home equity loans and indirect automobile loans generally is dependent on the financial well-being of the borrowers and their capacity to service their debt levels. The asset quality of the Company's loan and lease portfolio, therefore, is greatly affected by the economy.
Economic activity in the United States has shown continuous improvement since the latter half of 2009 after slowing significantly as a result of the 2008 financial crisis. According to the Department of Labor, the national unemployment rate peaked at 10.2% in October 2009. In December 2014, the unemployment rate was 5.6% nationally, down from 6.7% at the end of 2013.
The Company's primary geographic footprints are the Boston, Massachusetts, and Providence, Rhode Island, metropolitan areas. According to the Bureau of Labor Statistics, the largest employment sectors in both Massachusetts and Rhode island are, in order, education and health services, business and professional services, and trade, transportation and utilities, a sector that includes wholesale and retail trade. The unemployment rate in Massachusetts decreased to 5.5% in December 2014 from 7.0% in December 2013, slightly lower than the national average. The unemployment rate in Rhode Island decreased to 6.8% in December 2014 from 9.1% in December 2013.
Should there be any setback in the economy or increase in the unemployment rates in the Boston, Massachusetts, or Providence, Rhode Island, metropolitan areas, the resulting negative consequences could affect occupancy rates in the properties financed by the Company and cause certain individual and business borrowers to be unable to service their debt obligations.
The earnings and business of the Company are affected by external influences such as general economic conditions and the policies of governmental authorities, including the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System (the "FRB"). The FRB regulates the supply of money and bank credit to influence general economic conditions throughout the United States of America. The instruments of monetary policy employed by the FRB affect interest rates earned on investment securities and loans and interest rates paid on deposits and borrowed funds. The rate-setting actions of the Federal Open Market Committee of the FRB have a significant effect on the Company's operating results and the level of growth in its loans and leases and deposits.
Personnel
As of December 31, 2014, the Company had 679 full-time employees and 46 part-time employees. The employees are not represented by a collective bargaining unit and the Company considers its relationship with its employees to be good.
Access to Information
As a public company, Brookline Bancorp, Inc. is subject to the informational requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”), and in accordance therewith, files reports, proxy and information statements and other information with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”). The Company makes available on or through its internet website, www.brooklinebancorp.com, without charge, its annual reports on Form 10-K, proxy, quarterly reports on Form 10-Q, current reports on Form 8-K and amendments to those reports filed or furnished pursuant to Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Exchange Act, as soon as reasonably practicable after such reports are electronically filed with, or furnished to, the SEC. The Company’s reports filed with, or furnished to, the SEC are also available at the SEC’s website at www.sec.gov and on the Company’s website. Press releases are also maintained on the Company’s website. Additional information for Brookline Bank, BankRI and First Ipswich can be found at www.brooklinebank.com, www.bankri.com and www.firstipswich.com, respectively. Information on the Company’s and any subsidiary's website is not incorporated by reference into this document and should not be considered part of this Report.
The Company’s common stock is traded on the Nasdaq Global Select MarketSM under the symbol “BRKL.”

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Supervision and Regulation
The following discussion addresses elements of the regulatory framework applicable to bank holding companies and their subsidiaries. This regulatory framework is intended primarily for the protection of the safety and soundness of depository institutions, the federal deposit insurance system, and depositors, rather than the protection of shareholders of a bank holding company such as the Company.
As a bank holding company, the Company is subject to regulation, supervision and examination by the FRB under the Bank Holding Company Act of 1956, as amended (the “BHCA”), and by the Massachusetts Division of Banks (the “MDOB”) under Massachusetts General Laws Chapter 167A. The FRB is also the primary federal regulator of the Banks. In addition, Brookline Bank and First Ipswich are subject to regulation, supervision and examination by the MDOB, and BankRI is subject to regulation, supervision and examination by the Banking Division of the Rhode Island Department of Business Regulation (the “RIBD”).
The following is a summary of certain aspects of various statutes and regulations applicable to the Company and its subsidiaries. This summary is not a comprehensive analysis of all applicable law, and is qualified by reference to the applicable statutes and regulations.
Regulation of the Company
The Company is subject to regulation, supervision and examination by the FRB, which has the authority, among other things, to order bank holding companies to cease and desist from unsafe or unsound banking practices; to assess civil money penalties; and to order termination of non-banking activities or termination of ownership and control of a non-banking subsidiary by a bank holding company.
Source of Strength
Under the BHCA, as amended by the Dodd-Frank Act, the Company is required to serve as a source of financial strength for the Banks in the event of the financial distress of the Banks. This provision codifies the longstanding policy of the FRB. This support may be required at times when the bank holding company may not have the resources to provide it. In the event of a bank holding company’s bankruptcy, any commitment by the bank holding company to a federal bank regulatory agency to maintain the capital of a bank subsidiary will be assumed by the bankruptcy trustee and entitled to a priority of payment.
Acquisitions and Activities
The BHCA prohibits a bank holding company, without prior approval of the FRB, from acquiring all or substantially all the assets of a bank, acquiring control of a bank, merging or consolidating with another bank holding company, or acquiring direct or indirect ownership or control of any voting shares of another bank or bank holding company if, after such acquisition, the acquiring bank holding company would control more than 5% of the voting shares of such other bank or bank holding company. Further, as a Massachusetts bank holding company, the Company must obtain the prior approval of the Massachusetts Board of Bank Incorporation to acquire ownership or control of more than 5% of any voting stock in any other banking institution, acquire substantially all the assets of a bank, or merge with another bank holding company.
The BHCA prohibits a bank holding company from engaging directly or indirectly in activities other than those of banking, managing or controlling banks or furnishing services to its subsidiary banks. However, a bank holding company may engage in and may own shares of companies engaged in certain activities that the FRB determines to be so closely related to banking or managing and controlling banks as to be a proper incident thereto.
Limitations on Acquisitions of Company Common Stock
The Change in Bank Control Act prohibits a person or group of persons from acquiring “control” of a bank holding company unless the FRB has been notified and has not objected to the transaction. Under a rebuttable presumption established by the FRB, the acquisition of 10% or more of a class of voting securities of a bank holding company, such as the Company, with a class of securities registered under Section 12 of the Exchange Act, would, under the circumstances set forth in the presumption, constitute the acquisition of control of a bank holding company. In addition, the BHCA prohibits any company from acquiring control of a bank or bank holding company without first having obtained the approval of the FRB. Among other circumstances, under the BHCA, a company has control of a bank or bank holding company if the company owns, controls or holds with power to vote 25% or more of a class of voting securities of the bank or bank holding company, controls in any manner the election of a majority of directors or trustees of the bank or bank holding company, or the FRB has determined, after notice and opportunity for hearing, that the company has the power to exercise a controlling influence over the management or policies of the bank or bank holding company.

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Regulation of the Banks
Brookline Bank and First Ipswich are subject to regulation, supervision and examination by the FRB and the MDOB. BankRI is subject to regulation, supervision and examination by the FRB and the RIBD. The enforcement powers available to federal and state banking regulators include, among other things, the ability to issue cease and desist or removal orders to terminate insurance of deposits; to assess civil money penalties; to issue directives to increase capital; to place the bank into receivership; and to initiate injunctive actions against banking organizations and institution-affiliated parties.
Deposit Insurance
Substantially all of the deposits of the Banks are insured up to applicable limits by the FDIC’s Deposit Insurance Fund and are subject to deposit insurance assessments to maintain the Deposit Insurance Fund. The Dodd-Frank Act permanently increased the FDIC deposit insurance limit to $250,000 per depositor for deposits maintained in the same right and capacity at a particular insured depository institution. The Federal Deposit Insurance Act (the “FDIA”), as amended by the Federal Deposit Insurance Reform Act and the Dodd-Frank Act, requires the FDIC to take steps as may be necessary to cause the ratio of deposit insurance reserves to estimated insured deposits - the designated reserve ratio - to reach 1.35% by September 30, 2020, and it mandates that the reserve ratio designated by the FDIC for any year may not be less than 1.35%. The FDIC utilizes a risk-based assessment system that imposes insurance premiums based upon a risk matrix that takes into account a bank’s capital level and supervisory rating (“CAMELS rating”). CAMELS ratings reflect the applicable bank regulatory agencies’ evaluation of the financial institution’s capital, asset quality, management, earnings, liquidity and sensitivity to risk. Assessment rates may also vary for certain institutions based on long-term debt issuer ratings, secured or brokered deposits. Pursuant to the Dodd-Frank Act, deposit premiums are based on assets rather than insurable deposits. To determine their actual deposit insurance premiums, each of the Banks computes its base amount on its average consolidated assets less its average tangible equity (defined as the amount of Tier 1 capital) and its applicable assessment rate. The Company’s FDIC deposit insurance costs totaled $3.4 million in 2014. The FDIC has the power to adjust the assessment rates at any time.
Pursuant to the Dodd-Frank Act, FDIC deposit insurance has been permanently increased from $100,000 to $250,000 per depositor. On December 31, 2012, unlimited FDIC insurance on noninterest-bearing transaction accounts under the Dodd-Frank Act expired.
Under the FDIA, the FDIC may terminate deposit insurance upon a finding that the institution has engaged in unsafe and unsound practices, is in an unsafe or unsound condition to continue operations, or has violated any applicable law, regulation, rule, order or condition imposed by the FDIC.
Cross-Guarantee
Similar to the source of strength doctrine discussed above in “Regulation of the Company-Source of Strength,” under the cross-guarantee provisions of the FDIA, the FDIC can hold any FDIC-insured depository institution liable for any loss suffered or anticipated by the FDIC in connection with (i) the “default” of a commonly controlled FDIC-insured depository institution; or (ii) any assistance provided by the FDIC to a commonly controlled FDIC-insured depository institution “in danger of default.”
Acquisitions and Branching
The Banks must seek prior regulatory approval from the FRB to acquire another bank or establish a new branch office. Brookline Bank and First Ipswich must also seek prior regulatory approval from the MDOB to acquire another bank or establish a new branch office and BankRI must also seek prior regulatory approval from the RIBD to acquire another bank or establish a new branch office. Well capitalized and well managed banks may acquire other banks in any state, subject to certain deposit concentration limits and other conditions, pursuant to the Riegle-Neal Interstate Banking and Branching Efficiency Act of 1994, as amended by the Dodd-Frank Act. In addition, the Dodd-Frank Act authorizes a state-chartered bank to establish new branches on an interstate basis to the same extent a bank chartered by the host state may establish branches.
Activities and Investments of Insured State-Chartered Banks
Section 24 of the FDIA generally limits the types of equity investments that FDIC-insured state-chartered banks, such as the Banks, may make and the kinds of activities in which such banks may engage, as a principal, to those that are permissible for national banks. Further, the Gramm-Leach-Bliley Act of 1999 (the “GLBA”) permits state banks, to the extent permitted under state law, to engage through “financial subsidiaries” in certain activities which are permissible for subsidiaries of a financial holding company. In order to form a financial subsidiary, a state-chartered bank must be well capitalized, and such banks would be subject to certain capital deduction, risk management and affiliate transaction rules, among other things.

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Brokered Deposits
Section 29 of the FDIA and federal regulations generally limit the ability of an insured depository institution to accept, renew or roll over any brokered deposit unless the institution’s capital category is “well capitalized” or, with regulatory approval, “adequately capitalized.” Depository institutions, other than those in the lowest risk category, that have brokered deposits in excess of 10% of total deposits will be subject to increased FDIC deposit insurance premium assessments. Additionally, depository institutions considered “adequately capitalized” that need regulatory approval to accept, renew or roll over any brokered deposits are subject to additional restrictions on the interest rate they may pay on deposits. At December 31, 2014, the Company did not have brokered deposits in excess of 10% of total deposits.
The Community Reinvestment Act
The Community Reinvestment Act (“CRA”) requires the FRB to evaluate each of the Banks’ performance in helping to meet the credit needs of the entire communities it serves, including low and moderate-income neighborhoods, consistent with its safe and sound banking operations, and to take this record into consideration when evaluating certain applications. The FRB’s CRA regulations are generally based upon objective criteria of the performance of institutions under three key assessment tests: (i) a lending test, to evaluate the institution’s record of making loans in its service areas; (ii) an investment test, to evaluate the institution’s record of investing in community development projects, affordable housing, and programs benefiting low or moderate income individuals and businesses; and (iii) a service test, to evaluate the institution’s delivery of services through its branches, ATMs, and other offices. Failure of an institution to receive at least a “Satisfactory” rating could inhibit the Banks or the Company from undertaking certain activities, including engaging in activities newly permitted as a financial holding company under GLBA and acquisitions of other financial institutions. Each Bank has achieved a rating of “Satisfactory” on its most recent CRA examination. Rhode Island and Massachusetts have enacted substantially similar community reinvestment requirements.
Lending Restrictions
Federal law limits a bank’s authority to extend credit to its directors, executive officers and 10% shareholders, as well as to entities controlled by such persons. Among other things, extensions of credit to insiders are required to be made on terms that are substantially the same as, and follow credit underwriting procedures that are not less stringent than, those prevailing for comparable transactions with unaffiliated persons. Also, the terms of such extensions of credit may not involve more than the normal risk of repayment or present other unfavorable features and may not exceed certain limitations on the amount of credit extended to such persons, individually and in the aggregate, which limits are based, in part, on the amount of the bank’s capital. The Dodd-Frank Act explicitly provides that an extension of credit to an insider includes credit exposure arising from a derivatives transaction, repurchase agreement, reverse repurchase agreement, securities lending transaction or securities borrowing transaction. Additionally, the Dodd-Frank Act requires that asset sale transactions with insiders must be on market terms, and if the transaction represents more than 10% of the capital and surplus of the bank, be approved by a majority of the disinterested directors of the bank.
Capital Adequacy and Safety and Soundness
Regulatory Capital Requirements
The FRB has issued risk-based and leverage capital rules applicable to U.S. banking organizations such as the Company and the Banks. These guidelines are intended to reflect the relationship between the banking organization’s capital and the degree of risk associated with its operations based on transactions recorded on-balance sheet as well as off-balance sheet items. The FRB may from time to time require that a banking organization maintain capital above the minimum levels discussed below, due to the banking organization’s financial condition or actual or anticipated growth.
The capital adequacy rules define qualifying capital instruments and specify minimum amounts of capital as a percentage of assets that banking organizations are required to maintain. Tier 1 capital for banks and bank holding companies generally consists of the sum of common shareholders’ equity non-cumulative perpetual preferred stock, and related surplus and, in certain cases and subject to limitations, minority interest in consolidated subsidiaries, less goodwill, other non-qualifying intangible assets and certain other deductions. Tier 2 capital generally consists of hybrid capital instruments, perpetual debt and mandatory convertible debt securities, cumulative perpetual preferred stock, term subordinated debt and intermediate-term preferred stock, and, subject to limitations, allowances for loan losses. The sum of Tier 1 and Tier 2 capital less certain required deductions represents qualifying total risk-based capital. Prior to the effectiveness of certain provisions of the Dodd-Frank Act, bank holding companies were permitted to include trust preferred securities and cumulative perpetual preferred stock in Tier 1 capital, subject to limitations. However, the FRB’s capital rule applicable to bank holding companies permanently grandfathers nonqualifying capital instruments, including trust preferred securities, issued before May 19, 2010 by depository institution

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holding companies with less than $15 billion in total assets as of December 31, 2009, subject to a limit of 25% of Tier 1 capital. In addition, under rules that became effective January 1, 2015, accumulated other comprehensive income (positive or negative) must be reflected in Tier 1 capital; however, the Company may make a one-time, permanent election to continue to exclude accumulated other comprehensive income from capital. If the Company does not make this election, unrealized gains and losses, net of taxes, will be included in the calculation of the Company’s regulatory capital. The Company intends to make this election.
Under the capital rules, risk-based capital ratios are calculated by dividing Tier 1 and total risk-based capital, respectively, by risk-weighted assets. Assets and off-balance sheet credit equivalents are assigned to one of four categories of risk-weights, based primarily on relative risk. Under rules in effect through December 31, 2014, the minimum required Tier 1 risk-based capital ratio was 4% and the minimum total risk-based capital ratio was 8%. As of December 31, 2014, the Company’s Tier 1 risk-based capital ratio was 10.6% and its total risk-based capital ratio was 13.2%.
In addition to the risk-based capital requirements, under rules in effect through December 31, 2014, the FRB required top-rated bank holding companies to maintain a minimum leverage capital ratio of Tier 1 capital (defined by reference to the risk-based capital guidelines) to its average total consolidated assets of at least 3.0%. For most other bank holding companies (including the Company), the minimum leverage capital ratio was 4.0%. Bank holding companies with supervisory, financial, operational or managerial weaknesses, as well as bank holding companies that are anticipating or experiencing significant growth, were expected to maintain capital ratios well above the minimum levels. The Company’s leverage capital ratio as of December 31, 2014 was 9.0%.
The FRB’s capital adequacy standards also apply to state-chartered banks which are members of the Federal Reserve System, such as the Banks. Moreover, the FRB has promulgated corresponding regulations to implement the system of prompt corrective action established by Section 38 of the FDIA. Under these regulations, a bank is “well capitalized” if it has: (i) a total risk-based capital ratio of 10.0% or greater; (ii) a Tier 1 risk-based capital ratio of 6.0% or greater; (iii) a leverage capital ratio of 5.0% or greater; and (iv) is not subject to any written agreement, order, capital directive or prompt corrective action directive to meet and maintain a specific capital level for any capital measure. A bank is “adequately capitalized” if it has: (1) a total risk-based capital ratio of 8.0% or greater; (2) a Tier 1 risk-based capital ratio of 4.0% or greater; and (3) a leverage capital ratio of 4.0% or greater (3.0% under certain circumstances) and does not meet the definition of a “well capitalized bank.”
The FRB also must take into consideration: (i) concentrations of credit risk; (ii) interest rate risk; and (iii) risks from non-traditional activities, as well as an institution’s ability to manage those risks, when determining the adequacy of an institution’s capital. This evaluation will be made as a part of the institution’s regular safety and soundness examination. Each of the Banks is currently considered well-capitalized under all regulatory definitions.
Generally, a bank, upon receiving notice that it is not adequately capitalized (i.e., that it is “undercapitalized”), becomes subject to the prompt corrective action provisions of Section 38 of FDIA that, for example, (i) restrict payment of capital distributions and management fees, (ii) require that the FRB monitor the condition of the institution and its efforts to restore its capital, (iii) require submission of a capital restoration plan, (iv) restrict the growth of the institution’s assets and (v) require prior regulatory approval of certain expansion proposals. A bank that is required to submit a capital restoration plan must concurrently submit a performance guarantee by each company that controls the bank. A bank that is “critically undercapitalized” (i.e., has a ratio of tangible equity to total assets that is equal to or less than 2.0%) will be subject to further restrictions, and generally will be placed in conservatorship or receivership within 90 days.
In 2010, the Basel Committee on Banking Supervision released new capital requirements, known as Basel III, setting forth higher capital requirements, enhanced risk coverage, a global leverage ratio, provisions for counter-cyclical capital, and liquidity standards. In 2013, the FRB, along with the other federal banking agencies, issued final rules implementing the Basel III capital standards and establishing the minimum capital requirements for banks and bank holding companies required under the Dodd-Frank Act. These rules, which became effective January 1, 2015, established a minimum common equity Tier 1 capital ratio requirement of 4.5%, a minimum Tier 1 capital ratio requirement of 6%, a minimum total capital requirement of 8% and a minimum leverage ratio requirement of 4%. Additionally, subject to a transition schedule, these rules require an institution to establish a capital conservation buffer of Tier 1 capital in an amount above the minimum risk-based capital requirements for “adequately capitalized” institutions equal to 2.5% of total risk weighted assets, or face restrictions on the ability to pay dividends, pay discretionary bonuses, and to engage in share repurchases.
Under rules effective January 1, 2015, a bank holding company, such as the Company, is considered “well capitalized” if the bank holding company (i) has a total risk based capital ratio of at least 10%, (ii) has a Tier 1 risk-based capital ratio of at least 6%, and (iii) is not subject to any written agreement order, capital directive or prompt corrective action directive to meet and maintain a specific capital level for any capital measure. In addition, the FRB has amended its prompt corrective action rules to reflect the revisions made by the revised capital rules described above. Under the FRB’s revised rules, which became effective January 1, 2015, a state member bank is considered “well capitalized” if it (i) has a total risk-based capital ratio of

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10.0% or greater; (ii) a Tier 1 risk-based capital ratio of 8.0% or greater; (iii) a common Tier 1 equity ratio of at least 6.5% or greater, (iv) a leverage capital ratio of 5.0% or greater; and (iv) is not subject to any written agreement, order, capital directive, or prompt corrective action directive to meet and maintain a specific capital level for any capital measure
The Company and the Banks are considered “well capitalized” under all regulatory definitions.
Safety and Soundness Standards
The FDIA requires the federal bank regulatory agencies to prescribe standards, by regulations or guidelines, relating to internal controls, information systems and internal audit systems, risk management, loan documentation, credit underwriting, interest rate risk exposure, asset growth, asset quality, earnings, stock valuation and compensation, fees and benefits, and such other operational and managerial standards as the agencies deem appropriate. Guidelines adopted by the federal bank regulatory agencies establish general standards relating to internal controls and information systems, internal audit systems, loan documentation, credit underwriting, interest rate exposure, asset growth and compensation, fees and benefits. In general, these guidelines require, among other things, appropriate systems and practices to identify and manage the risk and exposures specified in the guidelines. The guidelines prohibit excessive compensation as an unsafe and unsound practice and describe compensation as excessive when the amounts paid are unreasonable or disproportionate to the services performed by an executive officer, employee, director or principal stockholder. In addition, the federal banking agencies adopted regulations that authorize, but do not require, an agency to order an institution that has been given notice by an agency that it is not satisfying any of such safety and soundness standards to submit a compliance plan. If, after being so notified, an institution fails to submit an acceptable compliance plan or fails in any material respect to implement an acceptable compliance plan, the agency must issue an order directing action to correct the deficiency and may issue an order directing other actions of the types to which an undercapitalized institution is subject under the “prompt corrective action” provisions of FDIA. See “Regulatory Capital Requirements” above. If an institution fails to comply with such an order, the agency may seek to enforce such order in judicial proceedings and to impose civil money penalties.
Dividend Restrictions
The Company is a legal entity separate and distinct from the Banks. The revenue of the Company (on a parent company only basis) is derived primarily from dividends paid to it by the Banks. The right of the Company, and consequently the right of shareholders of the Company, to participate in any distribution of the assets or earnings of the Banks through the payment of such dividends or otherwise is necessarily subject to the prior claims of creditors of the Banks (including depositors), except to the extent that certain claims of the Company in a creditor capacity may be recognized.
Restrictions on Bank Holding Company Dividends
The FRB has authority to prohibit bank holding companies from paying dividends if such payment is deemed to be an unsafe or unsound practice. The FRB has indicated generally that it may be an unsafe or unsound practice for bank holding companies to pay dividends unless the bank holding company’s net income over the preceding year is sufficient to fund the dividends and the expected rate of earnings retention is consistent with the organization’s capital needs, asset quality and overall financial condition. Further, when the Final Capital Rule comes into effect, our ability to pay dividends will be restricted if we do not maintain a capital conservation buffer. See “Capital Adequacy and Safety and Soundness-Regulatory Capital Requirements” above.
Restrictions on Bank Dividends
The FRB has the authority to use its enforcement powers to prohibit a bank from paying dividends if, in its opinion, the payment of dividends would constitute an unsafe or unsound practice. Federal law also prohibits the payment of dividends by a bank that will result in the bank failing to meet its applicable capital requirements on a pro forma basis. Payment of dividends by a bank is also restricted pursuant to various state regulatory limitations.
Certain Transactions by Bank Holding Companies with their Affiliates
There are various statutory restrictions on the extent to which bank holding companies and their non-bank subsidiaries may borrow, obtain credit from or otherwise engage in “covered transactions” with their insured depository institution subsidiaries. The Dodd-Frank Act amended the definition of affiliate to include an investment fund for which the depository institution or one of its affiliates is an investment adviser. An insured depository institution (and its subsidiaries) may not lend money to, or engage in covered transactions with, its non-depository institution affiliates if the aggregate amount of covered transactions outstanding involving the bank, plus the proposed transaction exceeds the following limits: (i) in the case of any one such affiliate, the aggregate amount of covered transactions of the insured depository institution and its subsidiaries cannot

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exceed 10% of the capital stock and surplus of the insured depository institution; and (ii) in the case of all affiliates, the aggregate amount of covered transactions of the insured depository institution and its subsidiaries cannot exceed 20% of the capital stock and surplus of the insured depository institution. For this purpose, “covered transactions” are defined by statute to include a loan or extension of credit to an affiliate, a purchase of or investment in securities issued by an affiliate, a purchase of assets from an affiliate unless exempted by the FRB, the acceptance of securities issued by an affiliate as collateral for a loan or extension of credit to any person or company, the issuance of a guarantee, acceptance or letter of credit on behalf of an affiliate, securities borrowing or lending transactions with an affiliate that creates a credit exposure to such affiliate, or a derivatives transaction with an affiliate that creates a credit exposure to such affiliate. Covered transactions are also subject to certain collateral security requirements. Covered transactions as well as other types of transactions between a bank and a bank holding company must be on market terms and not otherwise unduly favorable to the holding company or an affiliate of the holding company. Moreover, Section 106 of the BHCA provides that, to further competition, a bank holding company and its subsidiaries are prohibited from engaging in certain tying arrangements in connection with any extension of credit, lease or sale of property of any kind, or furnishing of any service. At December 31, 2014, there were no such transactions.
Consumer Protection Regulation
The Company and the Banks are subject to a number of federal and state laws designed to protect consumers and prohibit unfair or deceptive business practices. These laws include the Equal Credit Opportunity Act, Fair Housing Act, Home Ownership Protection Act, Fair Credit Reporting Act, as amended by the Fair and Accurate Credit Transactions Act of 2003 (the “FACT Act”), GLBA, Truth in Lending Act, the CRA, the Home Mortgage Disclosure Act, Real Estate Settlement Procedures Act, National Flood Insurance Act and various state law counterparts. These laws and regulations mandate certain disclosure requirements and regulate the manner in which financial institutions must interact with customers when taking deposits, making loans, collecting loans and providing other services. Further, the Dodd-Frank Act established the CFPB, which has the responsibility for making rules and regulations under the federal consumer protection laws relating to financial products and services. The CFPB also has a broad mandate to prohibit unfair or deceptive acts and practices and is specifically empowered to require certain disclosures to consumers and draft model disclosure forms. Failure to comply with consumer protection laws and regulations can subject financial institutions to enforcement actions, fines and other penalties. The FRB will examine the Banks for compliance with CFPB rules and enforce CFPB rules with respect to the Banks.
Mortgage Reform
The Dodd-Frank Act prescribes certain standards that mortgage lenders must consider before making a residential mortgage loan, including verifying a borrower’s ability to repay such mortgage loan, and allows borrowers to assert violations of certain provisions of the Truth-in-Lending Act as a defense to foreclosure proceedings. Under the Dodd-Frank Act, prepayment penalties are prohibited for certain mortgage transactions and creditors are prohibited from financing insurance policies in connection with a residential mortgage loan or home equity line of credit. In addition, the Dodd-Frank Act prohibits mortgage originators from receiving compensation based on the terms of residential mortgage loans and generally limits the ability of a mortgage originator to be compensated by others if compensation is received from a consumer. The Dodd-Frank Act requires mortgage lenders to make additional disclosures prior to the extension of credit, in each billing statement and for negative amortization loans and hybrid adjustable rate mortgages. Additionally, the CFPB’s new qualified mortgage rule, which was amended and became effective on November 3, 2014 (the “QM Rule”), requires creditors, such as the Company, to make a reasonable good faith determination of a consumer's ability to repay any consumer credit transaction secured by a dwelling. 
Privacy and Customer Information Security
The GLBA requires financial institutions to implement policies and procedures regarding the disclosure of nonpublic personal information about consumers to nonaffiliated third parties. In general, the Banks must provide their customers with an annual disclosure that explains their policies and procedures regarding the disclosure of such nonpublic personal information, and, except as otherwise required or permitted by law, the Banks are prohibited from disclosing such information except as provided in such policies and procedures. The GLBA also requires that the Banks develop, implement and maintain a comprehensive written information security program designed to ensure the security and confidentiality of customer information (as defined under GLBA), to protect against anticipated threats or hazards to the security or integrity of such information and to protect against unauthorized access to or use of such information that could result in substantial harm or inconvenience to any customer. The Banks are also required to send a notice to customers whose “sensitive information” has been compromised if unauthorized use of this information is “reasonably possible.” Most of the states, including the states where the Banks operate, have enacted legislation concerning breaches of data security and the duties of the Banks in response to a data breach. Congress continues to consider federal legislation that would require consumer notice of data security breaches. Pursuant to the FACT Act, the Banks must also develop and implement a written identity theft prevention program to detect, prevent, and mitigate identity theft in connection with the opening of certain accounts or certain existing accounts.

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Additionally, the FACT Act amends the Fair Credit Reporting Act to generally prohibit a person from using information received from an affiliate to make a solicitation for marketing purposes to a consumer, unless the consumer is given notice and a reasonable opportunity and a reasonable and simple method to opt out of the making of such solicitations.
Anti-Money Laundering
The Bank Secrecy Act
Under the Bank Secrecy Act (“BSA”), a financial institution is required to have systems in place to detect certain transactions, based on the size and nature of the transaction. Financial institutions are generally required to report to the United States Treasury any cash transactions involving more than $10,000. In addition, financial institutions are required to file suspicious activity reports for transactions that involve more than $5,000 and which the financial institution knows, suspects or has reason to suspect involves illegal funds, is designed to evade the requirements of the BSA or has no lawful purpose. The Uniting and Strengthening America by Providing Appropriate Tools Required to Intercept and Obstruct Terrorism Act of 2001 (the “USA PATRIOT Act”), which amended the BSA, is designed to deny terrorists and others the ability to obtain anonymous access to the U.S. financial system. The USA PATRIOT Act has significant implications for financial institutions and businesses of other types involved in the transfer of money. The USA PATRIOT Act, together with the implementing regulations of various federal regulatory agencies, has caused financial institutions, such as the Banks, to adopt and implement additional policies or amend existing policies and procedures with respect to, among other things, anti-money laundering compliance, suspicious activity, currency transaction reporting, customer identity verification and customer risk analysis. In evaluating an application under Section 3 of the BHCA to acquire a bank or an application under the Bank Merger Act to merge banks or effect a purchase of assets and assumption of deposits and other liabilities, the applicable federal banking regulator must consider the anti-money laundering compliance record of both the applicant and the target. In addition, under the USA PATRIOT Act, financial institutions are required to take steps to monitor their correspondent banking and private banking relationships as well as, if applicable, their relationships with “shell banks.”
Office of Foreign Assets Control (“OFAC”)
The U.S. has imposed economic sanctions that affect transactions with designated foreign countries, nationals and others. These sanctions, which are administered by the U.S. Treasury’s Office of Foreign Assets Control (“OFAC”), take many different forms. Generally, however, they contain one or more of the following elements: (i) restrictions on trade with or investment in a sanctioned country, including prohibitions against direct or indirect imports from and exports to a sanctioned country and prohibitions on “U.S. persons” engaging in financial or other transactions relating to a sanctioned country or with certain designated persons and entities; (ii) a blocking of assets in which the government or specially designated nationals of the sanctioned country have an interest, by prohibiting transfers of property subject to U.S. jurisdiction (including property in the possession or control of U.S. persons); and (iii) restrictions on transactions with or involving certain persons or entities. Blocked assets (for example, property and bank deposits) cannot be paid out, withdrawn, set off or transferred in any manner without a license from OFAC. Failure to comply with these sanctions could have serious legal and reputational consequences for the Company. At December 31, 2014, the Company did not have any transactions with sanctioned countries, nationals, and others.
Regulation of Other Activities
Volcker Rule Restrictions on Proprietary Trading and Sponsorship of Hedge Funds and Private Equity Funds
The Dodd-Frank Act bars banking organizations, such as the Company, from engaging in proprietary trading and from sponsoring and investing in hedge funds and private equity funds, except as permitted under certain limited circumstances, in a provision commonly referred to as the “Volcker Rule.” Under the Dodd-Frank Act, proprietary trading generally means trading by a banking entity or its affiliate for its trading account. Hedge funds and private equity funds are described by the Dodd-Frank Act as funds that would be registered under the Investment Company Act but for certain enumerated exemptions. The Volcker Rule restrictions apply to the Company, the Banks and all of their subsidiaries and affiliates.
Item 1A.    Risk Factors
Before deciding to invest in us or deciding to maintain or increase your investment, you should carefully consider the risks described below, in addition to the other information contained in this report and in our other filings with the SEC. The risks and uncertainties described below and in our other filings are not the only ones facing us. Additional risks and uncertainties not presently known to us or that we currently deem immaterial may also affect our business. If any of these known or unknown risks or uncertainties actually occur, our business, financial condition and results of operations could be seriously harmed. In that event, the market price for our common stock could decline and you may lose your investment.

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We operate in a highly regulated industry, and laws and regulations, or changes in them, could limit or restrict our activities and could have an adverse impact in our operations.
We and our banking subsidiaries are subject to regulation and supervision by the FRB. Our banking subsidiaries are also subject to regulation and supervision by state banking regulators and the FRB. Federal and state laws and regulations govern numerous matters affecting us, including changes in the ownership or control of banks and bank holding companies, maintenance of adequate capital and the financial condition of a financial institution, permissible types, amounts and terms of extensions of credit and investments, permissible non-banking activities, the level of reserves against deposits and restrictions on dividend payments. The FRB and the state banking regulators have the power to issue cease and desist orders to prevent or remedy unsafe or unsound practices or violations of law by banks subject to their regulation, and the FRB possesses similar powers with respect to bank holding companies. These and other restrictions limit the manner in which we and our banking subsidiaries may conduct business and obtain financing.
Our business is also affected by the monetary policies of the FRB. Changes in monetary or legislative policies may affect the interest rates that our banking subsidiaries must offer to attract deposits and the interest rates it must charge on loans, as well as the manner in which it offers deposits and makes loans. These monetary policies have had, and are expected to continue to have, significant effects on the operating results of depository institutions generally, including our banking subsidiaries.
Because our business is highly regulated, the laws, rules, regulations, and supervisory guidance and policies applicable to us are subject to regular modification and change. It is impossible to predict the competitive impact that any such changes would have on the banking and financial services industry in general or on our business in particular. Such changes may, among other things, increase the cost of doing business, limit permissible activities, or affect the competitive balance between banks and other financial institutions. The Dodd-Frank Act instituted major changes to the banking and financial institutions regulatory regimes in light of government intervention in the financial services sector following the 2008 financial crisis. Other changes to statutes, regulations, or regulatory policies, including changes in interpretation or implementation of statutes, regulations, or policies, could affect us in substantial and unpredictable ways. Such changes could subject us to additional costs, limit the types of financial services and products we may offer, and/or increase the ability of non-banks to offer competing financial services and products, among other things. Failure to comply with laws, regulations, or policies could result in sanctions by regulatory agencies, civil money penalties, and/or reputation damage, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, and results of operations. See the "Supervision and Regulation" section of Item 1, "Business."
Additional requirements imposed by the Dodd-Frank Act could adversely affect us.
The Dodd-Frank Act comprehensively reformed the regulation of financial institutions, products and services. In addition, the Dodd-Frank Act established the CFPB. The CFPB has the authority to prescribe rules for all depository institutions governing the provision of consumer financial products and services, which may result in rules and regulations that reduce the profitability of such products and services or impose greater costs and restrictions on the Company and its subsidiaries. The Dodd-Frank Act also established new minimum mortgage underwriting standards for residential mortgages, and the regulatory agencies have focused on the examination and supervision of mortgage lending and servicing activities.
On December 10, 2013, pursuant to the Dodd-Frank Act, federal banking and securities regulators issued final rules to implement Section 619 of the Dodd-Frank Act, also known as the “Volcker Rule.” Generally, the Volcker Rule restricts banking organizations and their affiliated companies from engaging in proprietary trading and from sponsoring and investing in hedge funds and private equity funds, except as permitted under certain limited circumstances. After a conformance period, which is currently set to end on July 21, 2015 (except for certain investments and activities existing before December 31, 2013), the Volcker Rule restrictions will apply to the Company, the Bank and all of our subsidiaries and affiliates.
The CFPB’s QM Rule is designed to clarify how lenders can manage the potential legal liability under the Dodd-Frank Act which would hold lenders accountable for insuring a borrower’s ability to repay a mortgage. Loans that meet the definition of “qualified mortgage” will be presumed to have complied with the new ability-to-repay standard. The QM Rule on qualified mortgages and similar rules could limit the Banks’ ability to make certain types of loans or loans to certain borrowers, or could make it more expensive and time-consuming to make these loans, which could limit the Banks’ growth or profitability.
Current and future legal and regulatory requirements, restrictions, and regulations, including those imposed under the Dodd-Frank Act, may adversely impact our profitability and may have a material and adverse effect on our business, financial condition, and results of operations, may require us to invest significant management attention and resources to evaluate and make any changes required by the legislation and related regulations and may make it more difficult for us to attract and retain qualified executive officers and employees.


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We will become subject to more stringent capital requirements.
The federal banking agencies issued a joint final rule, or the “Final Capital Rule,” that implemented the Basel III capital standards and established the minimum capital levels required under the Dodd-Frank Act. As of January 1, 2015 we are required to comply with the Final Capital Rule. The Final Capital Rule established a minimum common equity Tier I capital ratio of 6.5% of risk-weighted assets for a “well capitalized” institution and increased the minimum Tier I capital ratio for a “well capitalized” institution from 6.0% to 8.0%. Additionally, subject to a transition period, the Final Capital Rule requires an institution to maintain a 2.5% common equity Tier I capital conservation buffer over the 6.5% minimum risk-based capital requirement for “adequately capitalized” institutions, or face restrictions on the ability to pay dividends, discretionary bonuses, and engage in share repurchases. The Final Capital Rule permanently grandfathers trust preferred securities issued before May 19, 2010, subject to a limit of 25% of Tier I capital. The Final Capital Rule increased the required capital for certain categories of assets, including high-volatility construction real estate loans and certain exposures related to securitizations; however, the Final Capital Rule retained the current capital treatment of residential mortgages. Under the Final Capital Rule, we may make a one-time, permanent election to continue to exclude accumulated other comprehensive income from capital. If we do not make this election, unrealized gains and losses will be included in the calculation of our regulatory capital. The Company has made this election. Implementation of these standards, or any other new regulations, may adversely affect our ability to pay dividends, or require us to reduce business levels or raise capital, including in ways that may adversely affect our results of operations or financial condition.
We face significant legal risks, both from regulatory investigations and proceedings and from private actions brought against us.
From time to time we are named as a defendant or are otherwise involved in various legal proceedings, including class actions and other litigation or disputes with third parties. There is no assurance that litigation with private parties will not increase in the future. Actions against us may result in judgments, settlements, fines, penalties or other results adverse to us, which could materially adversely affect our business, financial condition or results of operations, or cause serious reputational harm to us. As a participant in the financial services industry, it is likely that we will continue to experience a high level of litigation related to our businesses and operations.
Our businesses and operations are also subject to increasing regulatory oversight and scrutiny, which may lead to additional regulatory investigations or enforcement actions. These and other initiatives from federal and state officials may subject us to further judgments, settlements, fines or penalties, or cause us to be required to restructure our operations and activities, all of which could lead to reputational issues, or higher operational costs, thereby reducing our revenue.
We may incur fines, penalties and other negative consequences from regulatory violations, possibly even inadvertent or unintentional violations.
We maintain systems and procedures designed to ensure that we comply with applicable laws and regulations. However, some legal/regulatory frameworks provide for the imposition of fines or penalties for noncompliance even though the noncompliance was inadvertent or unintentional and even though there was in place at the time systems and procedures designed to ensure compliance. For example, we are subject to regulations issued by the Office of Foreign Assets Control, or “OFAC,” that prohibit financial institutions from participating in the transfer of property belonging to the governments of certain foreign countries and designated nationals of those countries and certain other persons or entities whose interest in property is blocked by OFAC-administered sanctions. OFAC may impose penalties for inadvertent or unintentional violations even if reasonable processes are in place to prevent the violations. There may be other negative consequences resulting from a finding of noncompliance, including restrictions on certain activities. Such a finding may also damage our reputation as described below and could restrict the ability of institutional investment managers to invest in our securities.
Our business may be adversely affected by conditions in the financial markets and by economic conditions generally.
Continued weakness in the U.S. economy may adversely affect our business. Although there are indications that the U.S. economy is stabilizing, the outlook remains uncertain amid concerns about public debt levels and financial market conditions. A deterioration of business and economic conditions could adversely affect the credit quality of our loans, results of operations and financial condition. Increases in loan delinquencies and default rates could adversely impact our loan charge-offs and provision for loan and lease losses. Deterioration or defaults made by issuers of the underlying collateral of our investment securities may cause additional credit-related other-than-temporary impairment charges to our income statement. Our ability to borrow from other financial institutions or to access the debt or equity capital markets on favorable terms or at all could be adversely affected by disruptions in the capital markets or other events, including actions by rating agencies and deteriorating investor expectations.
Deterioration in local economies or real estate market may adversely affect our business.

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We primarily serve individuals and businesses located in the greater Boston metropolitan area, eastern Massachusetts, New York, New Jersey, and Rhode Island. Our success is largely dependent on the economic conditions, including employment levels, population growth, income levels, savings trends and government policies, in those market areas. Weaker economic conditions caused by recession, unemployment, inflation, a decline in real estate values or other factors beyond our control may adversely affect the ability of our borrowers to service their debt obligations, and could result in higher loan and lease losses and lower net income for us.
If our allowance for loan and lease losses is not sufficient to cover actual loan and lease losses, our earnings would decrease.
We are exposed to the risk that our borrowers may default on their obligations. A borrower's default on its obligations under one or more loans or leases may result in lost principal and interest income and increased operating expenses as a result of the allocation of management time and resources to the collection and work-out of the loan or lease. In certain situations, where collection efforts are unsuccessful or acceptable work-out arrangements cannot be reached, we may have to write off the loan or lease in whole or in part. In such situations, we may acquire real estate or other assets, if any, that secure the loan or lease through foreclosure or other similar available remedies, and often the amount owed under the defaulted loan or lease exceeds the value of the assets acquired.
We periodically make a determination of an allowance for loan and lease losses based on available information, including, but not limited to, the quality of the loan and lease portfolio, certain economic conditions, the value of the underlying collateral and the level of nonaccruing and criticized loans and leases. Management relies on its credit quality reviews, its experience and its evaluation of economic conditions, among other factors, in determining the amount of provision required for the allowance for loan and lease losses. Provisions to this allowance result in an expense for the period. If, as a result of general economic conditions, previously incorrect assumptions, or an increase in defaulted loans or leases, we determine that additional increases in the allowance for loan and lease losses are necessary, additional expenses will be incurred.
Determining the allowance for loan and lease losses inherently involves a high degree of subjectivity and requires us to make significant estimates of current credit risks and trends, all of which may undergo material changes. At any time, there are likely to be loans and/or leases in our portfolio that will result in losses but that have not been identified as nonperforming or potential problem credits. We cannot be sure that we will be able to identify deteriorating credits before they become nonperforming assets or that we will be able to limit losses on those loans and leases that are identified. We have in the past been, and in the future may be, required to increase our allowance for loan and lease losses for any of several reasons. State and federal regulators, in reviewing our loan and lease portfolio as part of a regulatory examination, may request that we increase the allowance for loan and lease losses. Changes in economic conditions affecting borrowers, new information regarding existing loans and leases, identification of additional problem loans and leases and other factors, both within and outside of our control, may require an increase in the allowance for loan and lease losses. In addition, if charge-offs in future periods exceed the allowance for loan and lease losses, we will need additional increases in its allowance for loan and lease losses. Any increases in the allowance for loan and lease losses will result in a decrease in our net income and, possibly, our capital, and could have an adverse effect on our financial condition and results of operations.
Our loan and lease portfolios include commercial real estate mortgage loans and commercial loans and leases, which are generally riskier than other types of loans.
Our commercial real estate and commercial loan and lease portfolios currently comprise 75.4% of total loans and leases. Commercial loans and leases generally carry larger balances and involve a higher risk of nonpayment or late payment than residential mortgage loans. Most of the commercial loans and leases are secured by borrower business assets such as accounts receivable, inventory, equipment and other fixed assets. Compared to real estate, these types of collateral are more difficult to monitor, harder to value, may depreciate more rapidly and may not be as readily saleable if repossessed. Repayment of commercial loans and leases is largely dependent on the business and financial condition of borrowers. Business cash flows are dependent on the demand for the products and services offered by the borrower's business. Such demand may be reduced when economic conditions are weak or when the products and services offered are viewed as less valuable than those offered by competitors. Because of the risks associated with commercial loans and leases, we may experience higher rates of default than if the portfolio were more heavily weighted toward residential mortgage loans. Higher rates of default could have an adverse effect on our financial condition and results of operations.
Environmental liability associated with our lending activities could result in losses.
In the course of business, we may acquire, through foreclosure, properties securing loans originated or purchased that are in default. Particularly in commercial real estate lending, there is a risk that material environmental violations could be discovered on these properties. In this event, we might be required to remedy these violations at the affected properties at our

14

sole cost and expense. The cost of remedial action could substantially exceed the value of affected properties. We may not have adequate remedies against the prior owner or other responsible parties and could find it difficult or impossible to sell the affected properties. These events could have an adverse effect on our financial condition and results of operations.
Competition in the financial services industry could make it difficult for us to sustain adequate profitability.
We face significant competition for loans, leases and deposits from other banks and financial institutions both within and beyond our local marketplace. Many of our competitors have substantially greater resources and higher lending limits than we do and may offer products and services that we do not, or cannot, provide. There is also increased competition by out-of-market competitors through the internet. The ability of non-banking financial institutions to provide services previously limited to commercial banks has intensified competition. Because non-banking financial institutions are not subject to the same regulatory restrictions as banks and bank holding companies, they can often operate with greater flexibility and lower cost structures. Securities firms and insurance companies that elect to become financial holding companies may acquire banks and other financial institutions. This may significantly change the competitive environment in which we conduct our business. As a result of these various sources of competition, we could lose business to competitors or could be forced to price products and services on less advantageous terms to retain or attract clients, either of which would adversely affect our profitability.
Changes to interest rates could adversely affect our results of operations and financial condition.
Our consolidated results of operations depend, on a large part, on net interest income, which is the difference between (i) interest income on interest-earning assets, such as loans, leases and securities, and (ii) interest expense on interest-bearing liabilities, such as deposits and borrowed funds. As a result, our earnings and growth are significantly affected by interest rates, which are subject to the influence of economic conditions generally, both domestic and foreign, to events in the capital markets and also to the monetary and fiscal policies of the United States and its agencies, particularly the FRB. The nature and timing of any changes in such policies or general economic conditions and their effect on us cannot be controlled and are extremely difficult to predict. An increase in interest rates could also have a negative impact on our results of operations by reducing the ability of borrowers to repay their current loan obligations, which could not only result in increased loan defaults, foreclosures and charge-offs, but also necessitate further increases to our allowances for loan losses. A decrease in interest rates may trigger loan prepayments, which may serve to reduce net interest income if we are unable to lend those funds to other borrowers or invest the funds at the same or higher interest rates.
Our securities portfolio performance in difficult market conditions could have adverse effects on our results of operations.
Unrealized losses on investment securities result from changes in credit spreads and liquidity issues in the marketplace, along with changes in the credit profile of individual securities issuers. Under GAAP, we are required to review our investment portfolio periodically for the presence of other-than-temporary impairment of our securities, taking into consideration current market conditions, the extent and nature of changes in fair value, issuer rating changes and trends, volatility of earnings, current analysts' evaluations, our ability and intent to hold investments until a recovery of fair value, as well as other factors. Adverse developments with respect to one or more of the foregoing factors may require us to deem particular securities to be other-than-temporarily impaired, with the credit-related portion of the reduction in the value recognized as a charge to our earnings. Subsequent valuations, in light of factors prevailing at that time, may result in significant changes in the values of these securities in future periods. Any of these factors could require us to recognize further impairments in the value of our securities portfolio, which may have an adverse effect on our results of operations in future periods.
Wholesale funding sources may prove insufficient to replace deposits at maturity and support our operations and future growth.
We and our banking subsidiaries must maintain sufficient funds to respond to the needs of depositors and borrowers. To manage liquidity, we draw upon a number of funding sources in addition to core deposit growth and repayments and maturities of loans and investments. These sources include Federal Home Loan Bank advances, proceeds from the sale of investments and loans, and liquidity resources at the holding company. Our ability to manage liquidity will be severely constrained if we are unable to maintain access to funding or if adequate financing is not available to accommodate future growth at acceptable costs. In addition, if we are required to rely more heavily on more expensive funding sources to support future growth, our revenues may not increase proportionately to cover our costs. In this case, operating margins and profitability would be adversely affected. Turbulence in the capital and credit markets may adversely affect our liquidity and financial condition and the willingness of certain counterparties and customers to do business with us.
The soundness of other financial institutions could adversely affect us.
Our ability to engage in routine funding transactions could be adversely affected by the actions and commercial soundness of other financial institutions.  Financial services institutions are interrelated as a result of trading, clearing, counterparty and other relationships.  We have exposure to many different counterparties, and we routinely execute transactions

15

with counterparties in the financial industry, including brokers and dealers, other commercial banks, investment banks, mutual and hedge funds, and other financial institutions.  As a result, defaults by, or even rumors or questions about, one or more financial services institutions, or the financial services industry generally, could lead to market-wide liquidity problems and losses or defaults by us or by other institutions and organizations.  Many of these transactions expose us to credit risk in the event of default of our counterparty or client.  In addition, our credit risk may be exacerbated when the collateral held by us cannot be liquidated or is liquidated at prices not sufficient to recover the full amount of the financial instrument exposure due to us.  There is no assurance that any such losses would not materially and adversely affect our results of operations.
Damage to our reputation could significantly harm our business, including our competitive position and business prospects.
We are dependent on our reputation within our market area, as a trusted and responsible financial company, for all aspects of our relationships with customers, employees, vendors, third-party service providers, and others, with whom we conduct business or potential future business. Our ability to attract and retain customers and employees could be adversely affected if our reputation is damaged. Our actual or perceived failure to address various issues could give rise to reputational risk that could cause harm to us and our business prospects. These issues also include, but are not limited to, legal and regulatory requirements; properly maintaining customer and employee personal information; record keeping; money-laundering; sales and trading practices; ethical issues; appropriately addressing potential conflicts of interest; and the proper identification of the legal, reputational, credit, liquidity and market risks inherent in our products. Failure to appropriately address any of these issues could also give rise to additional regulatory restrictions and legal risks, which could, among other consequences, increase the size and number of litigation claims and damages asserted or subject us to enforcement actions, fines and penalties and incur related costs and expenses.
Our ability to service our debt and pay dividends is dependent on capital distributions from our subsidiary banks, and these distributions are subject to regulatory limits and other restrictions.
We are a legal entity that is separate and distinct from the Banks. Our revenue (on a parent company only basis) is derived primarily from dividends paid to us by the Banks. Our right, and consequently the right of our shareholders, to participate in any distribution of the assets or earnings of the Banks through the payment of such dividends or otherwise is necessarily subject to the prior claims of creditors of the Banks (including depositors), except to the extent that certain claims of ours in a creditor capacity may be recognized. It is possible, depending upon the financial condition of our subsidiary banks and other factors, that applicable regulatory authorities could assert that payment of dividends or other payments is an unsafe or unsound practice. If one or more of our subsidiary banks is unable to pay dividends to us, we may not be able to service our debt or pay dividends on our common stock. Further, when the Final Capital Rule comes into effect, our ability to pay dividends would be restricted if we do not maintain a capital conservation buffer. A reduction or elimination of dividends could adversely affect the market price of our common stock and would adversely affect our business, financial condition, results of operations and prospects. See Item 1, “Business-Supervision and Regulation-Dividend Restrictions” and “Business-Supervision and Regulation-Capital Adequacy and Safety and Soundness-Regulatory Capital Requirements.”
To the extent that we acquire other companies, our business may be negatively impacted by certain risks inherent with such acquisitions.
We have acquired and will continue to consider the acquisition of other financial services companies. To the extent that we acquire other companies in the future, our business may be negatively impacted by certain risks inherent with such acquisitions. Some of these risks include the following:
•The risk that the acquired business will not perform in accordance with management's expectations;
•The risk that difficulties will arise in connection with the integration of the operations of the acquired business with the operations of our businesses;
•The risk that management will divert its attention from other aspects of our business;
•The risk that we may lose key employees of the combined business; and
•The risks associated with entering into geographic and product markets in which we have limited or no direct prior experience.
We may be required to write down goodwill and other acquisition-related identifiable intangible assets.
When we acquire a business, a portion of the purchase price of the acquisition may be allocated to goodwill and other identifiable intangible assets. The excess of the purchase price over the fair value of the net identifiable tangible and intangible assets acquired determines the amount of the purchase price that is allocated to goodwill acquired. At December 31, 2014, goodwill and other identifiable intangible assets were $151.4 million. Under current accounting guidance, if we determine that

16

goodwill or intangible assets are impaired, we would be required to write down the value of these assets. We conduct an annual review to determine whether goodwill and other identifiable intangible assets are impaired. Company management recently completed such an impairment analysis and concluded that no impairment charge was necessary for the year ended December 31, 2014. We cannot provide assurance whether we will be required to take an impairment charge in the future. Any impairment charge would have a negative effect on stockholders' equity and financial results and may cause a decline in our stock price.
Systems failures, interruptions or breaches of security and other cyber security risks could have an adverse effect on our financial condition and results of operations.
We are subject to certain operational risks, including, but not limited to, data processing system failures and errors, cyber security breaches, inadequate or failed internal processes, customer or employee fraud and catastrophic failures resulting from terrorist acts or natural disasters.  We depend upon data processing, software, communication, and information exchange on a variety of computing platforms and networks and over the Internet, and we rely on the services of a variety of vendors to meet our data processing and communication needs.  Despite instituted safeguards, we cannot be certain that all of our systems are entirely free from vulnerability to attack or other technological difficulties or failures. Information security risks have increased significantly due to the use of online, telephone and mobile banking channels by clients and the increased sophistication and activities of organized crime, hackers, terrorists and other external parties. Our technologies, systems, networks and our clients’ devices have been subject to, and are likely to continue to be the target of, cyber-attacks, computer viruses, malicious code, phishing attacks or information security breaches that could result in the unauthorized release, gathering, monitoring, misuse, loss or destruction of our or our clients’ confidential, proprietary and other information, the theft of client assets through fraudulent transactions or disruption of our or our clients’ or other third parties’ business operations. If information security is breached or other technology difficulties or failures occur, information may be lost or misappropriated, services and operations may be interrupted and we could be exposed to claims from customers. While we maintain a system of internal controls and procedures, any of these results could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations or liquidity.
We rely on other companies to provide key components of our business infrastructure.
Third party vendors provide key components of our business infrastructure such as internet connections, network access and core application processing. While we have selected these third party vendors carefully, we do not control their actions. Any problems caused by these third parties, including as a result of their not providing us their services for any reason or their performing their services poorly, could adversely affect our ability to deliver products and services to our customers or otherwise conduct our business efficiently and effectively. Replacing these third party vendors could also entail significant delay and expense.
Our internal controls, procedures and policies may fail or be circumvented.
Management regularly reviews and updates our internal controls, disclosure controls and procedures, and corporate governance policies and procedures. Any system of controls, however well-designed and operated, is based in part on certain assumptions and can provide only reasonable, not absolute, assurances that the objectives of the system are met. Any failure or circumvention of the controls and procedures or failure to comply with regulations related to controls and procedures could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations and financial condition.
If our risk management framework does not effectively identify or mitigate our risks, we could suffer losses.
Our risk management framework seeks to mitigate risk and appropriately balance risk and return. We have established processes and procedures intended to identify, measure, monitor and report the types of risk to which we are subject, including credit risk, operations risk, compliance risk, reputation risk, strategic risk, market risk and liquidity risk. We seek to monitor and control our risk exposure through a framework of policies, procedures and reporting requirements. Management of our risks in some cases depends upon the use of analytical and/or forecasting models. If the models used to mitigate these risks are inadequate, we may incur losses. In addition, there may be risks that exist, or that develop in the future, that we have not appropriately anticipated, identified or mitigated. If our risk management framework does not effectively identify or mitigate our risks, we could suffer unexpected losses and could be materially adversely affected.
We may be unable to attract and retain qualified key employees, which could adversely affect our business prospects, including our competitive position and results of operations.
Our success is dependent upon our ability to attract and retain highly skilled individuals. There is significant competition for those individuals with the experience and skills required to conduct many of our business activities. We may not be able to hire or retain the key personnel that we depend upon for success. The unexpected loss of services of one or more of these or

17

other key personnel could have a material adverse impact on our business because of their skills, knowledge of the markets in which we operate, years of industry experience and the difficulty of promptly finding qualified replacement personnel.
Our financial statements are based in part on assumptions and estimates, which, if wrong, could cause unexpected losses in the future.
Pursuant to accounting principles generally accepted in the U.S., we are required to use certain assumptions and estimates in preparing our financial statements, including in determining loan loss and litigation reserves, goodwill impairment and the fair value of certain assets and liabilities, among other items. If assumptions or estimates underlying our financial statements are incorrect, we may experience material losses. See the "Critical Accounting Policies" section in Item 7, "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations."
Changes in generally accepted accounting principles can be difficult to predict and can materially impact how we record and report our financial condition and results of operations.
Our accounting policies and methods are fundamental to how we record and report our financial condition and results of operations. From time to time, the Financial Accounting Standards Board changes the financial accounting and reporting principles that govern the preparation of our financial statements. These changes can be hard to anticipate and implement, and can materially impact how we record and report our financial condition and results of operations.
Future capital offerings may adversely affect the market price of our common stock.
In the future, we may attempt to increase our capital resources or, if our or our banking subsidiaries' capital ratios fall below required minimums, we could be forced to raise additional capital by making additional offerings of debt, common or preferred stock, trust preferred securities, and senior or subordinated notes. Upon liquidation, holders of our debt securities and shares of preferred stock and lenders with respect to other borrowings will receive distributions of our available assets prior to the holders of our common stock. Additional equity offerings may dilute the holdings of our existing stockholders or reduce the market price of our common stock, or both. Because our decision to issue securities in any future offering will depend on market conditions and other factors beyond our control, we cannot predict or estimate the amount, timing or nature of our future offerings. Moreover, we cannot assure you that such capital will be available to us on acceptable terms or at all. Our inability to raise sufficient additional capital on acceptable terms when needed could adversely affect our businesses, financial condition and results of operations.
The market price and trading volume of our common stock may be volatile.
The market price of our common stock may be volatile. In addition, the trading volume in our common stock may fluctuate and cause significant price variations to occur. We cannot assure you that the market price of our common stock will not fluctuate or decline significantly in the future. Some of the factors that could negatively affect our share price or result in fluctuations in the price or trading volume of our common stock include:
•quarterly variations in our operating results or the quality of our assets;
•operating results that vary from the expectations of management, securities analysts and investors;
•changes in expectations as to our future financial performance;
•announcements of innovations, new products, strategic developments, significant contracts, acquisitions and other
material events by us or our competitors;
•the operating and securities price performance of other companies that investors believe are comparable to us;
•our past and future dividend practices;
•future sales of our equity or equity-related securities; and
•changes in global financial markets and global economies and general market conditions, such as interest rates, stock,
commodity or real estate valuations or volatility.
Anti-takeover provisions could negatively impact our stockholders.
Provisions of Delaware law and provisions of our certificate of incorporation and by-laws could make it more difficult for a third party to acquire control of us or have the effect of discouraging a third party from attempting to acquire control of us, even if an acquisition might be in the best interest of our stockholders.

18

Item 1B.    Unresolved Staff Comments
None.
Item 2.    Properties
At December 31, 2014, the Company conducted its business from its corporate headquarters, which is located at 131 Clarendon Street, Boston, Massachusetts, and is owned by Brookline Bank, as well as its corporate operations center in Lincoln, Rhode Island, that is owned by BankRI.
Brookline Bank conducts its business from 24 banking offices, 4 of which are owned and 20 of which are leased. Brookline Bank's main banking office is leased and located in Brookline, Massachusetts. Brookline Bank also has 2 remote ATM locations, both of which are leased. Eastern Funding conducts its business from leased premises in New York City, New York and in Melville, New York.
BankRI conducts its business from 19 banking offices, 6 of which are owned and 13 of which are leased. BankRI's main banking office, is leased and located in Providence, Rhode Island. BankRI also has 3 remote ATM locations, all of which are leased. Macrolease conducts its business from leased premises in Plainview, New York.
First Ipswich conducts its business from 5 banking offices, 1 of which is owned and 4 of which are leased. First Ipswich's main banking office, is owned and located in Ipswich, Massachusetts. First Ipswich also has 1 remote ATM location which is leased.
Refer to Note 13, "Commitments and Contingencies," to the consolidated financial statements for information regarding the Company's lease commitments at December 31, 2014.
Item 3.    Legal Proceedings
During the fiscal year ended December 31, 2014, the Company was not involved in any legal proceedings other than routine legal proceedings occurring in the ordinary course of business. Management believes that those routine legal proceedings involve, in the aggregate, amounts that are immaterial to the Company's financial condition and results of operations.
Item 4.    Mine Safety Disclosures
Not applicable.

19

PART II
Item 5.    Market for the Registrant's Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities
(a)
The common stock of the Company is traded on NASDAQ under the symbol BRKL. The approximate number of registered holders of common stock as of March 2, 2015 was 1,949. Market prices for the Company's common stock and dividends paid per quarter during 2014 and 2013 follow.
 
Market Prices
 
Dividend Paid
Per Share
 
High
 
Low
 
2014
 
 
 
 
 
First Quarter
$
9.70

 
$
8.66

 
$
0.085

Second Quarter
9.63

 
8.83

 
0.085

Third Quarter
9.51

 
8.55

 
0.085

Fourth Quarter
10.15

 
8.56

 
0.085

2013
 
 
 
 
 
First Quarter
$
9.39

 
$
8.66

 
$
0.085

Second Quarter
9.14

 
8.23

 
0.085

Third Quarter
10.08

 
8.81

 
0.085

Fourth Quarter
9.58

 
8.72

 
0.085

Five-Year Performance Comparison
The following graph compares total shareholder return on the Company's common stock over the last five years with the the S&P 500 Index, the Russell 2000 Index and the SNL Index of Banks with assets between $5 billion and $10 billion. Index values are as of December 31 of each of the indicated years.
Total Return Performance


20

 
At December 31,
Index
2009
 
2010
 
2011
 
2012
 
2013
 
2014
Brookline Bancorp, Inc.
100.00

 
113.22

 
91.41

 
95.69

 
111.62

 
121.67

Russell 2000
100.00

 
126.86

 
121.56

 
141.43

 
196.34

 
205.95

SNL Bank $5B-$10B
100.00

 
108.48

 
107.66

 
126.64

 
195.38

 
201.25

S&P 500
100.00

 
115.06

 
117.49

 
136.30

 
180.44

 
205.14

The graph assumes $100 invested on December 31, 2009 in each of the Company's common stock, the S&P 500 Index, the Russell 2000 Index and the SNL Index of Banks with assets between $5 billion and $10 billion. The graph also assumes reinvestment of all dividends.
(b)
Not applicable.
(c)
There were no purchases made during the year ended December 31, 2014 by or on behalf of the Company of the Company's common stock. As of December 31, 2014, the Company was authorized to repurchase $10.0 million of total outstanding shares of the Company's common stock.

21

Item 6.    Selected Financial Data
The selected financial and other data of the Company set forth below are derived in part from, and should be read in conjunction with, the Consolidated Financial Statements of the Company and Notes thereto presented elsewhere herein.
 
At or for the year ended December 31,
 
2014
 
2013
 
2012
 
2011
 
2010
 
(Dollars in Thousands, Except Per Share Data)
FINANCIAL CONDITION DATA
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Total assets
$
5,799,880

 
$
5,325,106

 
$
5,147,534

 
$
3,299,013

 
$
2,720,542

Total loans and leases
4,822,607

 
4,362,465

 
4,175,712

 
2,720,821

 
2,253,538

Allowance for loan and lease losses
53,659

 
48,473

 
41,152

 
31,703

 
29,695

Investment securities available-for-sale
550,761

 
492,428

 
481,323

 
217,431

 
304,540

Goodwill and identified intangible assets
151,434

 
154,777

 
159,400

 
51,013

 
45,112

Total deposits
3,958,106

 
3,835,006

 
3,616,259

 
2,252,331

 
1,810,899

Core deposits (1)
3,011,398

 
2,900,338

 
2,605,318

 
1,446,659

 
1,019,293

Certificates of deposit
946,708

 
934,668

 
1,010,941

 
805,672

 
791,606

Total borrowed funds
1,126,404

 
812,555

 
853,969

 
506,919

 
388,569

Stockholders' equity
640,750

 
613,867

 
612,097

 
503,602

 
495,443

Tangible stockholders' equity (*)
489,316

 
459,090

 
452,697

 
452,589

 
450,331

Nonperforming loans and leases (2)
13,714

 
16,501

 
22,246

 
7,530

 
7,463

Nonperforming assets (3)
15,170

 
18,079

 
23,737

 
8,796

 
8,166

EARNINGS DATA
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Interest and dividend income
$
218,482

 
$
206,384

 
$
213,200

 
$
140,535

 
$
130,992

Interest expense
29,414

 
30,166

 
35,832

 
30,336

 
34,567

Net interest income
189,068

 
176,218

 
177,368

 
110,199

 
96,425

Provision for credit losses
8,477

 
10,929

 
15,888

 
3,631

 
3,796

Non-interest income
18,145

 
13,829

 
18,572

 
5,062

 
2,355

Non-interest expense
129,185

 
122,464

 
120,342

 
62,925

 
48,187

Provision for income taxes
24,749

 
19,481

 
21,341

 
19,886

 
19,156

Net income
42,765

 
35,386

 
37,142

 
27,600

 
26,872

Operating earnings
42,765

 
35,981

 
41,114

 
28,902

 
26,872

PER COMMON SHARE DATA
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Earnings per share - Basic
$
0.61

 
$
0.51

 
$
0.53

 
$
0.47

 
$
0.46

Earnings per share - Diluted
0.61

 
0.51

 
0.53

 
0.47

 
0.46

Dividends paid per common share
0.34

 
0.34

 
0.34

 
0.34

 
0.34

Book value per share (end of period)
9.15

 
8.79

 
8.78

 
8.59

 
8.45

Tangible book value per share (*)
6.99

 
6.57

 
6.49

 
7.72

 
7.68

Stock price (end of period)
10.03

 
9.55

 
8.50

 
8.44

 
10.85

PERFORMANCE RATIOS
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Net interest margin
3.61
%
 
3.64
%
 
3.85
%
 
3.76
%
 
3.74
%
Return on average assets
0.77
%
 
0.68
%
 
0.74
%
 
0.90
%
 
1.01
%
Operating return on average assets (*)
0.77
%
 
0.70
%
 
0.82
%
 
0.94
%
 
1.01
%
Return on average tangible assets (*)
0.79
%
 
0.71
%
 
0.77
%
 
0.92
%
 
1.03
%
Operating return on average tangible assets (*)
0.79
%
 
0.72
%
 
0.85
%
 
0.96
%
 
1.03
%
Return on average stockholders' equity
6.79
%
 
5.74
%
 
6.12
%
 
5.51
%
 
5.45
%
Operating return on average stockholders' equity (*)
6.79
%
 
5.84
%
 
6.78
%
 
5.77
%
 
5.45
%

22

 
At or for the year ended December 31,
 
2014
 
2013
 
2012
 
2011
 
2010
 
(Dollars in Thousands, Except Per Share Data)
Return on average tangible stockholders' equity (*)
8.97
%
 
7.71
%
 
8.40
%
 
6.13
%
 
6.00
%
Operating return on average tangible stockholders' equity (*)
8.97
%
 
7.84
%
 
9.29
%
 
6.42
%
 
6.00
%
Dividend payout ratio (*)
55.83
%
 
67.37
%
 
64.02
%
 
72.72
%
 
74.69
%
Efficiency ratio (4)
62.34
%
 
64.44
%
 
61.42
%
 
54.59
%
 
48.78
%
GROWTH RATIOS
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Total loan and lease growth (5)
10.55
%
 
4.47
%
 
53.47
%
 
20.74
%
 
4.12
%
Organic loan and lease growth (6)
10.55
%
 
4.47
%
 
11.73
%
 
11.72
%
 
4.12
%
Total deposit growth (5)
3.21
%
 
6.05
%
 
60.56
%
 
24.38
%
 
10.85
%
Organic deposit growth (6)
3.21
%
 
6.05
%
 
10.24
%
 
12.66
%
 
10.85
%
ASSET QUALITY RATIOS
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Net loan and lease charge-offs as a percentage of average loans and leases
0.07
%
 
0.08
%
 
0.16
%
 
0.08
%
 
0.24
%
Nonperforming loans and leases as a percentage of total loans and leases
0.28
%
 
0.38
%
 
0.53
%
 
0.28
%
 
0.33
%
Nonperforming assets as a percentage of total assets
0.26
%
 
0.34
%
 
0.46
%
 
0.27
%
 
0.30
%
Total allowance for loan and lease losses as a percentage of total loans and leases
1.11
%
 
1.11
%
 
0.99
%
 
1.17
%
 
1.32
%
Allowance for loan and lease losses related to originated loans and leases as a percentage of originated loans and leases (*)
1.20
%
 
1.32
%
 
1.32
%
 
1.26
%
 
1.32
%
CAPITAL RATIOS
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Stockholders' equity to total assets
11.05
%
 
11.53
%
 
11.89
%
 
15.27
%
 
18.21
%
Tangible equity ratio (*)
8.66
%
 
8.88
%
 
9.08
%
 
13.93
%
 
16.83
%
Tier 1 leverage capital ratio
9.01
%
 
9.36
%
 
9.44
%
 
14.37
%
 
15.42
%
Tier 1 risk-based capital ratio
10.55
%
 
11.01
%
 
10.85
%
 
15.91
%
 
17.58
%
Total risk-based capital ratio
13.24
%
 
12.15
%
 
11.83
%
 
17.05
%
 
18.83
%
_______________________________________________________________________________
(1)
Core deposits consist of demand checking, NOW, money market and savings accounts.
(2)
Nonperforming loans and leases consist of nonaccrual loans and leases.
(3)
Nonperforming assets consist of nonperforming loans and leases, other real estate owned and other repossessed assets.
(4)
The efficiency ratio is calculated by dividing non-interest expense by the sum of net interest income and non-interest income for the period.
(5)
Total growth is calculated by dividing the change in the balance during the period by the balance at the beginning of the period.
(6)
Organic growth is calculated by dividing the change in the balance during the period less the fair value of acquired loan and deposit balances at the date of acquisition by the balance at the beginning of the period.
(*)    Refer to Non-GAAP Financial Measures and Reconciliation to GAAP.


23

Item 7.    Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
Introduction
Brookline Bancorp, Inc. (the "Company"), a Delaware corporation, operates as a multi-bank holding company for Brookline Bank and its subsidiaries, Bank Rhode Island ("BankRI") and its subsidiaries, First Ipswich Bank ("First Ipswich") and its subsidiaries, and Brookline Securities Corp.
As a commercially-focused financial institution with 48 full-service banking offices throughout Greater Boston, the north shore of Massachusetts and Rhode Island, the Company, through Brookline Bank, BankRI and First Ipswich (the “Banks”), offers a wide range of commercial, business and retail banking services, including a full complement of cash management products, on-line banking services, consumer and residential loans and investment services, designed to meet the financial needs of small- to mid-sized businesses and individuals throughout central New England. Specialty lending activities include equipment financing primarily in the New York/New Jersey metropolitan area.

The Company focuses its business efforts on profitably growing its commercial lending businesses, both organically and
through acquisitions. The Company’s customer focus, multi-bank structure, and risk management are integral to its organic
growth strategy and serve to differentiate the Company from its competitors. As full-service financial institutions, the Banks
and their subsidiaries focus on the continued acquisition of well-qualified customers, the deepening of long-term banking
relationships through a full complement of products and excellent customer service, and strong risk management.
The Company manages the Banks under uniform strategic objectives, with one set of uniform policies consistently applied by one executive management team. Within this environment, the Company believes that the ability to make customer decisions locally, enhances management's motivation, service levels and, as a consequence, the Company's financial results. As such, while most back-office functions are consolidated at the holding-company level, branding and decision-making, including credit decisioning and pricing, remain largely local in order to better meet the needs of bank customers and further motivate the Banks’ commercial, business and retail bankers.
The competition for loans and leases and deposits remains intense. While there are signs that the economy has improved in 2014, the Company expects the operating environment in 2015 to remain challenging. The volume of loan and lease originations and loan and lease losses will depend, to a large extent, on how the economy performs. Loan and lease growth and deposit growth are also greatly influenced by the rate-setting actions of the Federal Reserve System (“FRB”). The low interest rate environment has had and may continue to have a negative impact on the Company's yields and net interest margin. Conversely, rising rates in the future could cause changes in the mix and volume of the Company's deposits and make it more difficult for certain borrowers to be eligible for new loans or leases or to service their existing debt. The future operating results of the Company will depend on its ability to maintain net interest margin, while minimizing exposure to credit risk, along with increasing sources of non-interest income, while controlling the growth of non-interest or operating expenses.
The Company is supervised, examined and regulated by the Board of Governors of the FRB. As Massachusetts-chartered member banks, Brookline Bank and First Ipswich are also subject to regulation under the laws of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts and the jurisdiction of the Massachusetts Division of Banks. As a Rhode Island-chartered member bank, BankRI is also subject to regulation under the laws of the State of Rhode Island and the jurisdiction of the Banking Division of the Rhode Island Department of Business Regulation. The Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation ("FDIC") continues to insure each of the Banks’ deposits up to $250,000 per depositor. Additionally, Brookline Bank is a member of the Depositors Insurance Fund (“DIF”), a corporation that insures savings bank deposits in excess of the FDIC insurance limits. As such, Brookline Bank offers 100% insurance on all deposits as a result of a combination of insurance from the FDIC and the DIF.
The Company’s common stock is traded on the Nasdaq Global Select MarketSM under the symbol “BRKL.”
Executive Overview
Growth
Total assets of $5.8 billion at December 31, 2014 increased $474.8 million, or 8.9%, from $5.3 billion at December 31, 2013.
The loan and lease portfolio increased $460.1 million, or 10.5%, to $4.8 billion at December 31, 2014 from $4.4 billion at December 31, 2013. The Company's commercial loan portfolios, which are comprised of commercial real estate loans and commercial loans and leases, continued to exhibit growth. The Company's commercial loan portfolios, which totaled $3.6 billion, or 75.4% of total loans and leases at December 31, 2014, increased $465.7 million, or 14.7%, from $3.2 billion, or 72.6% of total loans and leases, at December 31, 2013.

24

Total deposits increased $123.1 million, or 3.2%, to $4.0 billion at December 31, 2014 from $3.8 billion at December 31, 2013. Core deposits, which include demand checking, NOW, money market and savings accounts, increased 3.8% to $3.0 billion at December 31, 2014. The Company's core deposits as a percentage of total deposits increased to 76.1% at December 31, 2014 from 75.6% at December 31, 2013.
Asset Quality
The ratio of the allowance for loan and lease losses to total loans and leases remained stable at 1.11% at December 31, 2014 and December 31, 2013. The allowance for loan and lease losses related to originated loans and leases as a percentage of the total originated loan and lease portfolio, was 1.20% as compared with 1.32% as of December 31, 2013. The Company continued to employ its historical reserve methodology throughout the year ended December 31, 2014. In 2014, in calculating allowance for loan and lease losses, the Company included a loss emergence period ("LEP") analyses to study the time period from the first indication of elevated risk of repayment (or other early event indicating a problem) to eventual charge-off to support the LEP considered in the allowance calculation.
Nonperforming assets at December 31, 2014 totaled $15.2 million, or 0.26% of total assets, compared to $18.1 million, or 0.34% of total assets, at December 31, 2013. Net charge-offs for the year ended December 31, 2014 were $3.1 million, or 0.07% of average loans and leases, compared to $3.4 million, or 0.08%, for the year ended December 31, 2013.
Capital Strength
At December 31, 2014, the Company was well-capitalized as defined by regulatory requirements in effect at such date, with capital ratios in excess of all minimum regulatory requirements. The Company's Tier 1 leverage ratio was 9.01% at December 31, 2014 down from 9.36% at December 31, 2013. The ratio of stockholders' equity to total assets was 11.05% and 11.53% at December 31, 2014 and December 31, 2013, respectively. The Company's tangible equity ratio was 8.66% and 8.88% at December 31, 2014 and December 31, 2013, respectively.
Net Income
For the year ended December 31, 2014, the Company reported net income of $42.8 million, or $0.61 per basic and diluted share, up $7.4 million, or 20.9%, from $35.4 million, or $0.51 per basic and diluted share for the year ended December 31, 2013. The increase in net income is primarily the result of an increase in net interest income of $12.9 million, a decrease in the provision for credit losses of $2.5 million, an increase in non-interest income of $4.3 million, offset by an increase in non-interest expense of $6.7 million and an increase in provision for income taxes of $5.3 million.
The return on average assets was 0.77% for the year ended December 31, 2014, compared to 0.68% for the year ended December 31, 2013. The return on average stockholders' equity was 6.79% for the year ended December 31, 2014, compared to 5.74% for the year ended December 31, 2013.
Net interest margin was 3.61% for the year ended December 31, 2014 down from 3.64% for the year ended December 31, 2013. The relative consistency in the net interest margin in a highly competitive and declining interest rate environment is, in part, a result of a decrease in the yield on interest-earning assets by 10 basis points to 4.17% in 2014 from 4.27% in 2013, offset by a reduction of 7 basis points in the Company's overall cost of funds to 0.60% in 2014 from 0.67% in 2013. The decrease in the yield on interest-earning assets was largely due to continued rate pressures on the commercial real estate and indirect automobile portfolios. Despite the strength of the Company's net interest margin, competitive pricing pressure in all loan categories and the continuation of a low interest-rate environment, along with the Company's diminishing ability to reduce its cost of funds, continues to place significant pressure on the Company's net interest margin and net interest income.
Results for 2014 included a $8.5 million provision for credit losses, discussed in the "Allowance for Credit Losses—Allowance for Loan and Lease Losses" section below.
Non-interest income increased $4.3 million to $18.1 million during the year ended December 31, 2014 from $13.8 million during the year ended December 31, 2013. Several factors contributed to the year-to-year increase, including an increase of $0.5 million in deposit fees, an increase of $0.5 million in loan fees, an increase of $0.9 million in gain on sales of loans and leases held-for-sale, a net gain of $1.5 million on the sale of premises and equipment, offset by an increase of $0.2 million in losses from investments in affordable housing projects and a decrease of $0.3 million in gain related to the sale of securities.
Non-interest expense increased $6.7 million, to $129.2 million for the year ended December 31, 2014 from $122.5 million during the year ended December 31, 2013. The increase was largely attributable to a $6.5 million increase in compensation and employee benefit expenses. Compensation and employee benefit expenses were $71.8 million for the year ended December 31, 2014 compared to $65.3 million in 2013.

25

Critical Accounting Policies
The accounting policies described below are considered critical to understanding the Company's financial condition and operating results. Such accounting policies are considered to be especially important because they involve a higher degree of complexity and require management to make difficult and subjective judgments which often require assumptions or estimates about matters that are inherently uncertain. The use of different judgments, assumptions and estimates could result in material differences in the Company's operating results or financial condition.
Investment Securities
Investment securities classified as available-for-sale are carried at estimated fair value, with any unrealized gains and losses, net of taxes, reported as accumulated other comprehensive income or loss in stockholders' equity. Debt securities that the Company has the positive intent and ability to hold to maturity are classified as "held-to-maturity" and are carried at amortized cost.
The market values of the Company's investment securities, particularly its fixed-rate securities, are affected by changes in market interest rates as determined by the term structure of risk-free rates and the credit spreads associated with different investment categories. In general, as interest rates rise, the fair value of fixed-rate securities will decrease; as interest rates fall, the fair value of fixed-rate securities will increase. On a quarterly basis, the Company reviews and evaluates fair value based on market data obtained from independent sources or, in the absence of active market data, from model-derived valuations based on market assumptions. If the Company deems any decline to be other-than-temporary, the amount of impairment loss recorded in earnings for a debt security is the entire difference between the security's cost and its fair value if the Company intends to sell the debt security prior to recovery or it is more likely than not that the Company will have to sell the debt security prior to recovery. If, however, the Company does not intend to sell the debt security or it concludes that it is more likely than not that the Company will not have to sell the debt security prior to recovery, the credit loss component of an other-than-temporary impairment of a debt security is recognized as a charge to earnings and the remaining portion of the impairment loss is recognized as a reduction in comprehensive income. The credit loss component of an other-than-temporary loss is determined based on the Company's best estimate of cash flows expected to be collected. There were no impairment losses charged to earnings in 2014, 2013 and 2012.
See Note 21, "Fair Value of Financial Instruments" to the consolidated financial statements for additional information on how management determines the fair value of its financial instruments.
Acquired Loans
Loans that the Company acquired are initially recorded at fair value with no carryover of the related allowance for loan and lease losses. Determining the fair value of the acquired loans involves estimating the amount and timing of principal and interest cash flows initially expected to be collected on the loans and discounting those cash flows at an appropriate market rate of interest. The Company will continue to evaluate the reasonableness of expectations for the timing and the amount of cash to be collected. Subsequent decreases in expected cash flows may result in changes in the amortization or accretion of fair market value adjustments, and in some cases may result in a loan being considered impaired.
Allowance for Loan and Lease Losses
The allowance for loan and lease losses represents management's estimate of probable losses inherent in the loan and lease portfolio. Additions to the allowance for loan and lease losses are made by charges to the provision for credit losses. Losses on loans and leases are deducted from the allowance when all or a portion of a loan or lease is considered uncollectable. The determination of the loans on which full collectability is not reasonably assured, the estimates of the fair value of the underlying collateral, and the assessment of economic and other conditions are subject to assumptions and judgments by management. Valuation allowances could differ materially as a result of changes in, or different interpretations of, these assumptions and judgments.
Management evaluates the adequacy of the allowance on a quarterly basis and reviews its conclusion as to the amount to be established with the Audit Committee and the Board of Directors.
See Note 7, "Allowance for Loan and Lease Losses," to the consolidated financial statements for additional information on how management determines the balance of the allowance for loan and lease losses for each portfolio and class of loans.
Goodwill
Goodwill is presumed to have an indefinite useful life and is tested at least annually for impairment. Impairment exists when the carrying amount of goodwill exceeds its implied fair value. If fair value exceeds the carrying amount at the time of testing, goodwill is not considered impaired. Quoted market prices in active markets are the best evidence of fair value and are

26

considered to be used as the basis for measurement, when available. Other acceptable valuation methods include present-value measurements based on multiples of earnings or revenues, or similar performance measures. Differences in valuation techniques could result in materially different evaluations of impairment. In September 2011, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update ("ASU") 2011-08 addressing the topic of testing goodwill for impairment. The objective of the ASU is to simplify how entities test goodwill for impairment. The amendments in the ASU permit an entity to first assess qualitative factors to determine whether it is more likely than not that the fair value of a reporting unit is less than its carrying amount as a basis for determining whether it is necessary to perform the two-step goodwill impairment test. The more-likely-than-not threshold is defined as having a likelihood of more than 50%.
In reaching its conclusion about whether it is more likely than not that the fair value of a reporting unit is less than its carrying amount, an entity should consider the extent to which each of the adverse events or circumstances identified could affect the comparison of a reporting unit's fair value with its carrying amount. An entity should place more weight on the events and circumstances that most affect a reporting unit's fair value or the carrying amount of its net assets; and may affect its determination of whether it is more likely than not that the fair value of a reporting unit is less than its carrying amount.
The following qualitative factors have been assessed to determine whether it is more likely than not that the fair value of a reporting unit is less than its carrying amount, including goodwill: general economic conditions, regulatory environment, share price, real estate values, lending concentrations, interest-rate environment, asset quality, capital, financial performance, integration of acquired companies and conversion to a new data processing system.
Based on an evaluation of the qualitative factors mentioned above and assessing the effect identified adverse events or circumstances could have, the Company has concluded there was no indication of goodwill impairment. Further analysis of the Company’s goodwill can be found in Note 9 “Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets” within notes to the consolidated financial statements.
Identified Intangible Assets
Identified intangible assets are assets resulting from acquisitions that are being amortized over their estimated useful lives. The recoverability of identified intangible assets is evaluated for impairment at least annually. If impairment is deemed to have occurred, the amount of impairment is charged to expense when identified.
Income Taxes
Certain areas of accounting for income taxes require management's judgment, including determining the expected realization of deferred tax assets and the adequacy of liabilities for uncertain tax positions. Judgments are made regarding various tax positions, which are often subjective and involve assumptions about items that are inherently uncertain. If actual factors and conditions differ materially from estimates made by management, the actual realization of the net deferred tax assets or liabilities for uncertain tax positions could vary materially from the amounts previously recorded.
Deferred tax assets arise from items that may be used as a tax deduction or credit in future income tax returns, for which a financial statement tax benefit has already been recognized. The realization of the net deferred tax asset generally depends upon future levels of taxable income and the existence of prior years' taxable income to which refund claims could be carried back. Valuation allowances are recorded against those deferred tax assets determined not likely to be realized. Deferred tax liabilities represent items that will require a future tax payment. They generally represent tax expense recognized in the Company's financial statements for which payment has been deferred, or a deduction taken on the Company's tax return but not yet recognized as an expense in the Company's financial statements. Deferred tax liabilities are also recognized for certain non-cash items such as goodwill.
Recent Accounting Developments
See Note 1, “Basis of Presentation” within notes to the consolidated financial statements for information regarding recent accounting developments.
Non-GAAP Financial Measures and Reconciliation to GAAP
In addition to evaluating the Company's results of operations in accordance with GAAP, management periodically supplements this evaluation with an analysis of certain non-GAAP financial measures, such as operating earnings metrics, the return on tangible assets or equity, the tangible equity ratio, tangible book value per share, dividend payout ratio and the ratio of the allowance for loan and lease losses related to originated loans and leases as a percentage of originated loans and leases. Management believes that these non-GAAP financial measures provide information useful to investors in understanding the Company's underlying operating performance and trends, and facilitates comparisons with the performance assessment of financial performance, including non-interest expense control, while the tangible equity ratio and tangible book value per share are used to analyze the relative strength of the Company's capital position.

27

In light of diversity in presentation among financial institutions, the methodologies used by the Company for determining the non-GAAP financial measures discussed above may differ from those used by other financial institutions.
Operating Earnings
Operating earnings exclude compensation-related and acquisition-related from net income; by excluding such items, the Company's results can be measured and assessed on a more consistent basis from period to period. Items excluded from operating earnings are also excluded when calculating the operating return and operating efficiency ratios.
The following table summarizes the Company's operating earnings and operating earnings per share ("EPS") as of the dates indicated:
 
Year Ended December 31,
 
2014

2013

2012

2011

2010
 
(Dollars in Thousands, Except Per Share Data)
Net income, as reported
$
42,765

 
$
35,386

 
$
37,142

 
$
27,600

 
$
26,872

Adjustments to arrive at operating earnings:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Compensation-related expenses (1)
—

 
911

 
—

 
—

 
—

Acquisition-related expenses (2)
—

 
—

 
5,396

 
2,201

 
—

Total pre-tax adjustments
—

 
911

 
5,396

 
2,201

 
—

Tax effect:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Compensation-related expenses (1)
—

 
(316
)
 
—

 
—

 
—

Acquisition-related expenses (2)
—

 
—

 
(1,424
)
 
(899
)
 
—

Total adjustments, net of tax
—

 
595

 
3,972

 
1,302

 
—

Operating earnings
$
42,765

 
$
35,981

 
$
41,114

 
$
28,902

 
$
26,872

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Earnings per share, as reported
$
0.61

 
$
0.51

 
$
0.53

 
$
0.47

 
$
0.46

Adjustments to arrive at operating earnings per share:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Compensation-related expenses (1)
—

 
0.01

 
—

 
—

 
—

Acquisition-related expenses (2)
—

 
—

 
0.06

 
0.02

 
—

Total adjustments per share
—

 
0.01

 
0.06

 
0.02

 
—

Operating earnings per share
$
0.61

 
$
0.52

 
$
0.59

 
$
0.49

 
$
0.46

(1) Compensation-related expenses include expense related to the departure of the Company's Chief Financial Officer in 2013.
(2) Acquisition-related expenses include expenses related to the acquisition of BankRI in January 2012 and First Ipswich in February 2011.



28


The following table summarizes the Company's operating return on average assets, operating return on average tangible assets, operating return on average stockholders' equity and operating return on average tangible stockholders' equity as of the dates indicated:
 
Year Ended December 31,
 
2014

2013

2012

2011

2010
 
(Dollars in Thousands)
Operating earnings
$
42,765

 
$
35,981

 
$
41,114

 
$
28,902

 
$
26,872

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Average total assets
$
5,555,394

 
$
5,174,002

 
$
4,992,792

 
$
3,061,747

 
$
2,655,743

Less: Average goodwill and average identified intangible assets, net
153,170

 
157,187

 
164,301

 
50,876

 
45,724

Average tangible assets
$
5,402,224

 
$
5,016,815

 
$
4,828,491

 
$
3,010,871

 
$
2,610,019

 


 


 


 


 


Operating return on average assets
0.77
%
 
0.70
%
 
0.82
%
 
0.94
%
 
1.01
%
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Operating return on average tangible assets
0.79
%
 
0.72
%
 
0.85
%
 
0.96
%
 
1.03
%
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Average total stockholders' equity
$
630,136

 
$
616,243

 
$
606,661

 
$
500,855

 
$
493,373

Less: Average goodwill and average identified intangible assets, net
153,170

 
157,187

 
164,301

 
50,876

 
45,724

Average tangible stockholders' equity
$
476,966

 
$
459,056

 
$
442,360

 
$
449,979

 
$
447,649

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Operating return on average stockholders' equity
6.79
%
 
5.84
%
 
6.78
%
 
5.77
%
 
5.45
%
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Operating return on average tangible stockholders' equity
8.97
%
 
7.84
%
 
9.29
%
 
6.42
%
 
6.00
%
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
The following table summarizes the Company’s return on average tangible assets and return on average tangible
stockholders’ equity:
 
Year Ended December 31,
 
2014
 
2013
 
2012
 
2011
 
2010
 
(Dollars in Thousands)
Net income, as reported
$
42,765

 
$
35,386

 
$
37,142

 
$
27,600

 
$
26,872

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Average total assets
$
5,555,394

 
$
5,174,002

 
$
4,992,792

 
$
3,061,747

 
$
2,655,743

Less: Average goodwill and average identified intangible assets, net
153,170


157,187


164,301


50,876


45,724

Average tangible assets
5,402,224

 
5,016,815

 
4,828,491

 
3,010,871

 
2,610,019

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Return on average tangible assets
0.79
%
 
0.71
%
 
0.77
%
 
0.92
%
 
1.03
%
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Average total stockholders' equity
630,136

 
616,243

 
606,661

 
500,855

 
493,373

Less: Average goodwill and average identified intangible assets,net
153,170

 
157,187

 
164,301

 
50,876

 
45,724

Average tangible stockholders' equity
476,966

 
459,056

 
442,360

 
449,979

 
447,649

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Return on average tangible stockholders' equity
8.97
%
 
7.71
%
 
8.40
%
 
6.13
%
 
6.00
%

29

The following tables summarize the Company's tangible equity ratio and tangible book value per share as of the dates indicated.
 
At December 31,
 
2014
 
2013
 
2012
 
2011
 
2010
 
(Dollars in Thousands)
Total stockholders' equity
$
640,750

 
$
613,867

 
$
612,097

 
$
503,602

 
$
495,443

Less: Goodwill and identified intangible assets, net
151,434

 
154,777

 
159,400

 
51,013

 
45,112

Tangible stockholders' equity
$
489,316

 
$
459,090

 
$
452,697

 
$
452,589

 
$
450,331

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Total assets
$
5,799,880

 
$
5,325,106

 
$
5,147,534

 
$
3,299,013

 
$
2,720,542

Less: Goodwill and identified intangible assets, net
151,434

 
154,777

 
159,400

 
51,013

 
45,112

Tangible assets
$
5,648,446

 
$
5,170,329

 
$
4,988,134

 
$
3,248,000

 
$
2,675,430

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Tangible equity ratio
8.66
%
 
8.88
%
 
9.08
%
 
13.93
%
 
16.83
%
 
Year Ended December 31,
 
2014
 
2013
 
2012
 
2011
 
2010
 
(Dollars in Thousands)
Tangible stockholders' equity
$
489,316

 
$
459,090

 
$
452,697

 
$
452,589

 
$
450,331

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Common shares issued
75,744,445

 
75,744,445

 
75,749,825

 
64,597,180

 
64,445,389

Less:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Treasury shares
5,040,571

 
5,171,985

 
5,373,733

 
5,373,733

 
5,373,733

Unallocated ESOP
251,382

 
291,666

 
333,918

 
378,215

 
424,422

Unvested restricted stocks
419,702

 
409,068

 
295,055

 
185,291

 
40,970

Common shares outstanding
70,032,790

 
69,871,726

 
69,747,119

 
58,659,941

 
58,606,264

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Tangible book value per share
$
6.99

 
$
6.57

 
$
6.49

 
$
7.72

 
$
7.68

The following table summarizes the Company's dividend payout ratio:
 
Year Ended December 31,
 
2014

2013

2012

2011

2010
 
(Dollars in Thousands)
Dividends paid
$
23,876

 
$
23,841

 
$
23,777

 
$
20,072

 
$
20,070

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Net income, as reported
$
42,765

 
$
35,386

 
$
37,142

 
$
27,600

 
$
26,872

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Dividend payout ratio
55.83
%
 
67.37
%
 
64.02
%
 
72.72
%
 
74.69
%

30

The following table summarizes the Company’s allowance for loan and lease losses related to originated loans and leases as a percentage of total originated loans and leases:
 
Year Ended December 31,
 
2014
 
2013
 
2012
 
2011
 
2010
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Allowance for loan and lease losses
$
53,659

 
$
48,473

 
$
41,152

 
$
31,703

 
$
29,695

Less: Allowance for acquired loan and lease losses
2,848

 
1,629

 
—

 
—

 
—

Allowance for originated loan and lease losses
$
50,811


$
46,844


$
41,152


$
31,703


$
29,695

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Total loans and leases
$
4,822,607

 
$
4,362,465

 
$
4,175,712

 
$
2,720,821

 
$
2,253,538

Less: Total acquired loans and leases
590,654

 
815,412

 
1,059,611

 
198,936

 
—

Total originated loan and leases
$
4,231,953


$
3,547,053


$
3,116,101


$
2,521,885


$
2,253,538

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Allowance for loan and lease losses related to originated loans and leases as a percentage of originated loan and leases
1.20
%

1.32
%

1.32
%

1.26
%

1.32
%


31

Financial Condition
Loans and Leases
The following table summarizes the Company's portfolio of loans and leases receivables at the dates indicated:
 
At December 31,
 
2014
 
2013
 
2012
 
2011
 
2010
 
Balance
 
Percent
of Total
 
Balance
 
Percent
of Total
 
Balance
 
Percent
of Total
 
Balance
 
Percent
of Total
 
Balance
 
Percent
of Total
 
(Dollars in Thousands)
Commercial real estate loans:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Commercial real estate mortgage
$
1,680,082

 
34.8
%
 
$
1,461,985

 
33.5
%
 
$
1,301,233

 
31.1
%
 
$
748,736

 
27.5
%
 
$
564,584

 
25.0
%
Multi-family mortgage
639,706

 
13.2
%
 
627,933

 
14.4
%
 
606,533

 
14.5
%
 
481,459

 
17.7
%
 
421,013

 
18.7
%
Construction
148,013

 
3.1
%
 
113,705

 
2.6
%
 
98,197

 
2.3
%
 
40,798

 
1.5
%
 
18,205

 
0.8
%
Total commercial real estate loans
2,467,801

 
51.1
%
 
2,203,623

 
50.5
%
 
2,005,963

 
47.9
%
 
1,270,993

 
46.7
%
 
1,003,802

 
44.5
%
Commercial loans and leases:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Commercial
514,077

 
10.7
%
 
407,792

 
9.3
%
 
382,277

 
9.1
%
 
150,895

 
5.5
%
 
96,788

 
4.3
%
Equipment financing
601,424

 
12.5
%
 
513,024

 
11.8
%
 
420,991

 
10.1
%
 
246,118

 
9.1
%
 
205,018

 
9.1
%
Condominium association
51,593

 
1.1
%
 
44,794

 
1.0
%
 
44,187

 
1.1
%
 
46,953

 
1.7
%
 
42,422

 
1.9
%
Total commercial loans and leases
1,167,094

 
24.3
%
 
965,610

 
22.1
%
 
847,455

 
20.3
%
 
443,966

 
16.3
%
 
344,228

 
15.3
%
Indirect automobile
316,987

 
6.6
%
 
400,531

 
9.2
%
 
542,344

 
13.0
%
 
573,350

 
21.1
%
 
553,689

 
24.6
%
Consumer loans:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Residential mortgage
571,920

 
11.9
%
 
528,185

 
12.1
%
 
511,109

 
12.3
%
 
350,213

 
12.9
%
 
288,108

 
12.8
%
Home equity
287,058

 
5.9
%
 
257,461

 
5.9
%
 
261,562

 
6.3
%
 
76,527

 
2.8
%
 
58,745

 
2.6
%
Other consumer
11,747

 
0.2
%
 
7,055

 
0.2
%
 
7,279

 
0.2
%
 
5,772

 
0.2
%
 
4,966

 
0.2
%
Total consumer loans
870,725

 
18.0
%
 
792,701

 
18.2
%
 
779,950

 
18.8
%
 
432,512

 
15.9
%
 
351,819

 
15.6
%
Total loans and leases
4,822,607

 
100.0
%
 
4,362,465

 
100.0
%
 
4,175,712

 
100.0
%
 
2,720,821

 
100.0
%
 
2,253,538

 
100.0
%
Allowance for loan and lease losses
(53,659
)
 
 
 
(48,473
)
 
 
 
(41,152
)
 
 
 
(31,703
)
 
 
 
(29,695
)
 
 
Net loans and leases
$
4,768,948

 
 
 
$
4,313,992

 
 
 
$
4,134,560

 
 
 
$
2,689,118

 
 
 
$
2,223,843

 
 
The Company's loan portfolio consists primarily of first mortgage loans secured by commercial, multi-family and residential real estate properties located in the Company's primary lending area, indirect automobile loans, loans to business entities, including commercial lines of credit, loans to condominium associations and loans and leases used to finance equipment used by small businesses. The Company also provides financing for construction and development projects, home equity and other consumer loans.
The Company employs seasoned commercial lenders and retail bankers who rely on community and business contacts as well as referrals from customers, attorneys and other professionals to generate loans and deposits. Existing borrowers are also an important source of business since many of them have more than one loan outstanding with the Company. The Company's ability to originate loans depends on the strength of the economy, trends in interest rates, and levels of customer demand and market competition.
It is the Company's current policy that the aggregate amount of loans outstanding to any one borrower or related entities may not exceed $35.0 million unless approved by the Executive Committee of the Board of Directors. At December 31, 2014,

32

there were no borrowers with aggregated loans outstanding of $35.0 million or greater. There were 121 borrowers each with aggregate loans outstanding of $5.0 million or greater at December 31, 2014. The cumulative total of those loans was $1,090.3 million or 22.6% of total loans outstanding at December 31, 2014.
The Company has written underwriting policies to control the inherent risks in loan origination. The policies address approval limits, loan-to-value ratios, appraisal requirements, debt service coverage ratios, loan concentration limits and other matters relevant to loan underwriting.
Commercial Real Estate Loans
The commercial real estate portfolio is comprised of commercial real estate mortgage loans, multi-family mortgage loans, and construction loans and is the largest component of the Company's overall loan portfolio, representing 51.1% of total loans and leases outstanding at December 31, 2014. For the commercial real estate portfolio, the Company focuses on making loans in the $3 million to $10 million range.
Typically, commercial real estate loans are larger in size and involve a greater degree of risk than owner-occupied residential mortgage loans. Loan repayment is usually dependent on the successful operation and management of the properties and the value of the properties securing the loans. Economic conditions can greatly affect cash flows and property values.
A number of factors are considered in originating commercial real estate and multi-family mortgage loans. The qualifications and financial condition of the borrower (including credit history), as well as the potential income generation and the value and condition of the underlying property, are evaluated. When evaluating the qualifications of the borrower, the Company considers the financial resources of the borrower, the borrower's experience in owning or managing similar property and the borrower's payment history with the Company and other financial institutions. Factors considered in evaluating the underlying property include the net operating income of the mortgaged premises before debt service and depreciation, the debt service coverage ratio (the ratio of cash flow before debt service to debt service), the use of conservative capitalization rates, and the ratio of the loan amount to the appraised value. Generally, personal guarantees are obtained from commercial real estate loan borrowers.
Commercial real estate and multi-family mortgage loans are typically originated for terms of five years with amortization periods of 20 to 30 years. Many of the loans are priced at inception on a fixed-rate basis generally for periods ranging from two to five years with repricing periods for longer-term loans. When possible, prepayment penalties are included in loan covenants on these loans. For commercial customers who are interested in loans with terms longer than five years, the Company offers interest rate swaps to accommodate customer need.
The Company's urban and suburban market area is characterized by a large number of apartment buildings, condominiums and office buildings. As a result, multi-family and commercial real estate mortgage lending has been a significant part of the Company's activities for many years. These types of loans typically generate higher yields, but also involve greater credit risk. Many of the Company's borrowers have more than one multi-family or commercial real estate loan outstanding with the Company.
Over 98% of the commercial real estate loans outstanding at December 31, 2014 were secured by properties located in New England. The commercial real estate portfolio at that date was composed primarily of loans secured by apartment buildings ($669.0 million), office buildings ($567.0 million), retail stores ($453.7 million), industrial properties ($288.9 million) and mixed-use properties ($197.0 million).
Construction and development financing is generally considered to involve a higher degree of risk than long-term financing on improved, occupied real estate and thus has lower concentration limits than do other commercial credit classes. Risk of loss on a construction loan is largely dependent upon the accuracy of the initial estimate of construction costs, the estimated time to sell or rent the completed property at an adequate price or rate of occupancy, and market conditions. If the estimates and projections prove to be inaccurate, the Company may be confronted with a project which, upon completion, has a value that is insufficient to assure full loan repayment.
Criteria applied in underwriting construction loans for which the primary source of repayment is the sale of the property are different from the criteria applied in underwriting construction loans for which the primary source of repayment is the stabilized cash flow from the completed project. For those loans where the primary source of repayment is from resale of the property, in addition to the normal credit analysis performed for other loans, the Company also analyzes project costs, the attractiveness of the property in relation to the market in which it is located and demand within the market area. For those construction loans where the source of repayment is the stabilized cash flow from the completed project, the Company analyzes not only project costs but also how long it might take to achieve satisfactory occupancy and the reasonableness of projected rental rates in relation to market rental rates.

33

Historically, construction and development lending has comprised a modest part of the Company's loan originations. At December 31, 2014, total construction loans equaled $148.0 million or 3.1% of total loans outstanding at that date.
Commercial Loans
The commercial loan and lease portfolio is comprised of commercial loans, equipment financing loans and leases and condominium association loans and represented 24.3% of total loans outstanding at December 31, 2014. The Company focuses on making commercial loans in the $1 million to $10 million range.
The Company provides commercial banking services to companies in its market area. Over 50% of the commercial loans outstanding at December 31, 2014 were made to borrowers located in New England. Over 19% of the outstanding balances were made to borrowers in New York and New Jersey by the Company's equipment financing divisions. Product offerings include lines of credit, term loans, letters of credit, deposit services and cash management. These types of credit facilities have as their primary source of repayment cash flows from the operations of a business. Interest rates offered are available on a floating basis tied to the prime rate or a similar index or on a fixed-rate basis referenced on the Federal Home Loan Bank of Boston ("FHLBB") index.
Credit extensions are made to established businesses on the basis of loan purpose and assessment of capacity to repay as determined by an analysis of their financial statements, the nature of collateral to secure the credit extension and, in most instances, the personal guarantee of the owner of the business as well as industry and general economic conditions. The Company also participates in U.S. Government programs such as the Small Business Administration (the "SBA") in both the 7A program and as an SBA preferred lender.
The Company’s equipment financing divisions focus on market niches in which its lenders have deep experience and industry contacts, and on making loans to customers with business experience. An important part of the Company’s equipment financing loan origination volume comes from equipment manufacturers and existing customers as they expand their operations. The equipment financing portfolio is composed primarily of loans to finance laundry, tow trucks, fitness, dry cleaning and convenience store equipment. The borrowers are located primarily in the greater New York/New Jersey metropolitan area, although the customer base extends to locations throughout the United States. Typically, the loans are priced at a fixed rate of interest and require monthly payments over their three- to seven-year life. The yields earned on equipment financing loans are higher than those earned on the commercial loans made by the Banks because they involve a higher degree of credit risk. Equipment financing customers are typically small-business owners who operate with limited financial resources and who face greater risks when the economy weakens or unforeseen adverse events arise. Because of these characteristics, personal guarantees of borrowers are usually obtained along with liens on available assets. The Company focuses on making equipment financing loans and leases in the $100,000 to $500,000 range. The size of loan is determined by an analysis of cash flow and other characteristics pertaining to the business and the equipment to be financed, based on detailed revenue and profitability data of similar operations.
Loans to condominium associations are for the purpose of funding capital improvements, are made for five- to ten-year terms and are secured by a general assignment of condominium association revenues. Among the factors considered in the underwriting of such loans are the level of owner occupancy, the financial condition and history of the condominium association, the attractiveness of the property in relation to the market in which it is located and the reasonableness of estimates of the cost of capital improvements to be made. Depending on loan size, funds are advanced as capital improvements are made and, in more complex situations, after completion of engineering inspections.
Indirect Automobile Loans
The indirect automobile loan portfolio represented 6.6% of total loans outstanding at December 31, 2014. Loans outstanding in the portfolio totaled $317.0 million at December 31, 2014, down from $400.5 million at December 31, 2013.
Indirect automobile loans are for the purchase of automobiles (both new and used) and light-duty trucks primarily by individuals, but also by corporations and other organizations. The loans are originated through over 200 dealerships located primarily in Massachusetts, but also in Connecticut, Rhode Island and New Hampshire. Dealer relationships are reviewed periodically for application quality, the ratio of loans approved to applications submitted and loan performance.
Loan applications are generated by approved dealers and data is entered into an application processing system. A credit bureau scorecard model is used in the underwriting process. The model is based on data accumulated by nationally recognized credit bureaus and is a risk assessment tool that analyzes an individual's credit history and assigns a numeric credit score. The model meets the requirements of the Equal Credit Opportunity Act. The application processing system sorts each application according to score ranges. Loans must meet criteria established in the Company's loan policy. Credit profile measurements such as debt-to-income ratios, payment-to-income ratios and loan-to-value ratios are utilized in the underwriting process and to monitor the performance of loans falling within specified ratio ranges. Regarding loan-to-value ratios, the Company considers

34

indirect automobile loans to be essentially credits that are less than fully collateralized. When borrowers cease to make required payments, repossession and sale of the vehicle financed usually results in insufficient funds to fully pay the remaining loan balance.
While the Company's indirect automobile loan policy permits the aggregate amount of loans with credit scores of 660 or below to comprise as much as 15% of loans outstanding, at December 31, 2014, loans with credit scores of 660 or below were 3.1% of loans outstanding. The average-dollar original weighted credit score of loans in the portfolio at that date was 747. See the subsection "Provision for Credit Losses" appearing elsewhere herein for further information regarding loan underwriting and the average credit scores of the borrowers to whom indirect automobile loans were made. All loans require the purchase of single interest insurance by the borrower. The insurance is designed to protect the Company from loss when a loan is in default and the collateral value is impaired due to vehicle damage or the Company is unable to take possession of the vehicle.
Indirect automobile loans are assigned a particular tier based on the credit score determined by the credit bureau. The tier is used for pricing purposes so as to assure consistency in loan pricing. Tier rates can be modified if certain conditions exist as outlined in the Company's loan policy. The APR paid by a borrower may differ from the "buy rate" earned by the Company. The difference is commonly referred to as the "spread." An agreed-upon percentage (depending upon the agreement with the dealer) of the spread is paid after the end of the month in which the loan is made and is comprised of the amount differential between amortization schedules of the buy rate and the APR. If a loan is repaid in its entirety within 90 days or before three payments have been made (depending on the agreement with the dealer), the dealer must pay the remainder of unamortized spread to the Company.  If a loan is repaid after 90 days or after three payments have been made (depending on the agreement with the dealer), the dealer is not obliged to repay any part of the spread amount previously received.  Spread payments to dealers are amortized as a reduction of interest received from borrowers over the life of the related loans. When loans are prepaid, any remaining unamortized balance is charged to expense at that time.  For loans originated with no rate differential the Company will pay a flat fee to the dealers to procure the loan. This fee is deferred and amortized over the life of the loan.
Various reports are generated to monitor receipt of required loan documents, adherence to loan policy parameters, dealer performance, loan delinquencies and loan charge-offs. Summary reports are submitted to the Company's Chief Credit Officer and the Board of Directors on a periodic basis.
Competition for indirect auto loans has continued to increase significantly as credit unions and large national banks entered indirect automobile lending in a search for additional sources of income. That competition drove interest rates down and, in some cases, changed the manner in which interest rates are developed, i.e. from including a dealer-shared spread to requiring a dealer-based fee to originate the loan. Depending on the terms of the dealer's enrollment agreement with the Company, the dealer earns this fee 90 days after a loan is originated or once the borrower makes at least three payments on the loan. Given the market conditions discussed above, in December 2014, Management ceased the Company's origination of indirect automobile loans.
Consumer Loans
The consumer loan portfolio is comprised of residential mortgage loans, home equity loans and lines and other consumer loans and represented 18.0% of total loans outstanding at December 31, 2014. The Company focuses its mortgage loans on existing and new customers within its branch networks in its urban and suburban marketplaces in the greater Boston and Providence metropolitan areas.
The Company originates adjustable- and fixed-rate residential mortgage loans secured by one- to four-family residences. Each residential mortgage loan granted is subject to a satisfactorily completed application, employment verification, credit history and a demonstrated ability to repay the debt. Generally, loans are not made when the loan-to-value ratio exceeds 80% unless private mortgage insurance is obtained and/or there is a financially strong guarantor. Appraisals are performed by outside independent fee appraisers.
In general, the Company maintains three-, five- and seven-year adjustable-rate mortgage loans and ten-year fixed-rate fully amortizing mortgage loans in its portfolio. Fixed-rate mortgage loans with maturities beyond ten years, such as 15- and 30-year fixed-rate mortgages, are not generally maintained in the Company's portfolio but are rather sold into the secondary market. During 2014, the Banks acted as correspondent banks in these secondary-market transactions. Loan sales in the secondary market provide funds for additional lending and other banking activities.
Underwriting guidelines for home equity loans and lines of credit are similar to those for residential mortgage loans. Home equity loans and lines of credit are limited to no more than 80% of the appraised value of the property securing the loan less the amount of any existing first mortgage liens.

35

Other consumer loans have historically been a modest part of the Company's loan originations. At December 31, 2014, other consumer loans equaled $11.7 million, or 0.2% of total loans outstanding at that date. Equity and debt securities were pledged as collateral for a substantial part of the total of those loans.
Loans to Insiders
Refer to Note 6, “Loans and Leases” within Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements for information regarding loans to insiders.
Loan Maturities and Repricing
The following table shows the contractual maturity and repricing dates of the Company's loans at December 31, 2014. The table does not include projected prepayments or scheduled principal amortization.
 
Amount due at December 31, 2014
 
Within One
Year
 
More than
One Year to
Three Years
 
More than
Three Years
to Five Years
 
More than
Five Years to
Fifteen Years
 
More than
Fifteen Years
 
Total after
One Year
 
Total
 
(In Thousands)
Commercial real estate mortgage
$
344,354

 
$
419,002

 
$
660,497

 
$
238,640

 
$
17,589

 
$
1,335,728

 
$
1,680,082

Multi-family mortgage
194,906

 
185,687

 
175,691

 
75,289

 
8,133

 
444,800

 
639,706

Construction
76,220

 
22,198

 
32,273

 
16,963

 
359

 
71,793

 
148,013

Commercial
195,317

 
76,434

 
136,921

 
60,975

 
44,430

 
318,760

 
514,077

Equipment financing
72,149

 
133,815

 
277,918

 
117,542

 
—

 
529,275

 
601,424

Condominium association
6,090

 
9,895

 
16,595

 
16,113

 
2,900

 
45,503

 
51,593

Indirect automobile
7,906

 
101,897

 
163,412

 
43,772

 
—

 
309,081

 
316,987

Residential mortgage
135,759

 
107,747

 
181,595

 
106,662

 
40,157

 
436,161

 
571,920

Home equity
134,081

 
1,022

 
4,147

 
79,648

 
68,160

 
152,977

 
287,058

Other consumer
5,840

 
396

 
60

 
—

 
5,451

 
5,907

 
11,747

Total
$
1,172,622

 
$
1,058,093

 
$
1,649,109

 
$
755,604

 
$
187,179

 
$
3,649,985

 
$
4,822,607


36

The following table sets forth at December 31, 2014 the dollar amount of loans contractually due or scheduled to reprice after one year and whether such loans have fixed interest rates or adjustable interest rates.
 
Due after One Year
 
Fixed
 
Adjustable
 
Total
 
(In Thousands)
Originated:
 
 
 
 
 
Commercial real estate mortgage
$
316,338

 
$
834,076

 
$
1,150,414

Multi-family mortgage
64,090

 
340,868

 
404,958

Construction
18,018

 
53,530

 
71,548

Commercial
166,157

 
123,675

 
289,832

Equipment financing
453,389

 
62,961

 
516,350

Condominium association
18,313

 
27,190

 
45,503

Indirect automobile
309,081

 
—

 
309,081

Residential mortgage
36,419

 
350,282

 
386,701

Home equity
21,403

 
23,172

 
44,575

Other consumer
508

 
5,384

 
5,892

Total originated
$
1,403,716

 
$
1,821,138

 
$
3,224,854

Acquired:
 
 
 
 
 
Commercial real estate mortgage
$
59,627

 
$
125,687

 
$
185,314

Multi-family mortgage
11,630

 
28,212

 
39,842

Construction
—

 
245

 
245

Commercial
11,286

 
17,642

 
28,928

Equipment financing
12,925

 
—

 
12,925

Residential mortgage
32,599

 
16,861

 
49,460

Home equity
49,122

 
59,280

 
108,402

Other consumer
15

 
—

 
15

Total acquired
$
177,204

 
$
247,927

 
$
425,131

 
 
 
 
 
 
Total loans
$
1,580,920

 
$
2,069,065

 
$
3,649,985


37

Asset Quality
Criticized and Classified Assets
The Company's management negatively rates certain assets as "other asset especially mentioned ("OAEM")", "substandard" or "doubtful" based on criteria established under banking regulations. Refer to Note 7, "Allowance for Loan and Lease Losses," to the consolidated financial statements for more information on the Company's risk rating system. These loans and leases are collectively referred to as "criticized" assets. Loans and leases rated OAEM have potential weaknesses that deserve management's close attention. If left uncorrected, these potential weaknesses may result in deterioration of the repayment prospects of the loan or lease at some future date. Loans and leases rated as substandard are inadequately protected by the payment capacity of the obligor or of the collateral pledged, if any. Substandard loans and leases have a well-defined weakness or weaknesses that jeopardize the liquidation of debt and are characterized by the distinct possibility that the Company will sustain some loss if existing deficiencies are not corrected. At December 31, 2014, the Company had $71.4 million of total assets, including acquired assets, that were designated as criticized. This compares to $57.5 million of assets designated as criticized at December 31, 2013.
Nonperforming Assets
"Nonperforming assets" consist of nonperforming loans and leases, other real estate owned ("OREO") and other repossessed assets. Under certain circumstances, the Company may restructure the terms of a loan or lease as a concession to a borrower, except for acquired loans and leases which are individually evaluated against expected performance on the date of acquisition. These restructured loans and leases are generally considered "nonperforming loans and leases" until a history of collection of at least six months on the restructured terms of the loan or lease has been established. OREO consists of real estate acquired through foreclosure proceedings and real estate acquired through acceptance of a deed in lieu of foreclosure. Other repossessed assets consist of assets that have been acquired through foreclosure that are not real estate and are included in other assets on the Company's consolidated balance sheets.
Accrual of interest on loans generally is discontinued when contractual payment of principal or interest becomes past due 90 days or, if in management's judgment, reasonable doubt exists as to the full timely collection of interest. Exceptions may be made if the loan has matured and is in the process of renewal or is well-secured and in the process of collection. When a loan is placed on nonaccrual status, interest accruals cease and uncollected accrued interest is reversed and charged against current interest income. Interest payments on nonaccrual loans are generally applied to principal. If collection of the principal is reasonably assured, interest payments are recognized as income on the cash basis. Loans are generally returned to accrual status when principal and interest payments are current, full collectability of principal and interest is reasonably assured and a consistent record of performance, of at least six months, has been achieved.
In cases where a borrower experiences financial difficulties and the Company makes certain concessionary modifications to contractual terms, the loan is classified as a troubled debt restructured loan. In determining whether a debtor is experiencing financial difficulties, the Company considers, among other factors, if the debtor is in payment default or is likely to be in payment default in the foreseeable future without the modification, the debtor declared or is in the process of declaring bankruptcy, there is substantial doubt that the debtor will continue as a going concern, the debtor's entity-specific projected cash flows will not be sufficient to service its debt, or the debtor cannot obtain funds from sources other than the existing creditors at market terms for debt with similar risk characteristics.
At December 31, 2014, the Company had loans and leases greater than 90 days past due and accruing of $6.0 million, or 0.12% of total loans and leases, compared to $10.9 million, or 0.25% of total loans and leases, at December 31, 2013, representing a decrease of $4.9 million. The decrease was related primarily to the resolution of several delinquent loans during the year ended December 31, 2014.
At December 31, 2014, the Company had nonperforming assets of $15.2 million, representing 0.26% of total assets, compared to nonperforming assets of $18.1 million, or 0.34% of total assets, at December 31, 2013.
The Company evaluates the underlying collateral of each nonperforming loan and lease and continues to pursue the collection of interest and principal. Management believes that the current level of nonperforming assets remains manageable relative to the size of the Company's loan and lease portfolio. If economic conditions were to worsen or if the marketplace were to experience prolonged economic stress, management believes it is likely that the level of nonperforming assets would increase, as would the level of charged-off loans.            



38

The following table sets forth information regarding nonperforming assets as of the dates indicated:
 
At December 31,
 
2014
 
2013
 
2012
 
2011
 
2010
 
(Dollars in Thousands)
Nonperforming loans and leases:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Nonaccrual loans and leases:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Commercial real estate mortgage
$
1,009

 
$
1,098

 
$
4,014

 
$
1,608

 
$
—

Multi-family mortgage
—

 
—

 
4,233

 
1,380

 
964

Construction
—

 
—

 
—

 
352

 
2,475

Total commercial real estate loans
1,009

 
1,098

 
8,247

 
3,340

 
3,439

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Commercial
5,196

 
6,148

 
5,454

 
5

 
—

Equipment financing
3,223

 
4,115

 
3,873

 
1,925

 
2,478

Condominium association
—

 
1

 
8

 
15

 
—

Total commercial loans and leases
8,419

 
10,264

 
9,335

 
1,945

 
2,478

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Indirect automobile
645

 
259

 
99

 
111

 
158

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Residential mortgage
1,682

 
2,875

 
3,804

 
1,979

 
1,363

Home equity
1,918

 
1,987

 
716

 
145

 
25

Other consumer
41

 
18

 
45

 
10

 
—

Total consumer loans
3,641

 
4,880

 
4,565

 
2,134

 
1,388

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Total nonaccrual loans and leases
13,714

 
16,501

 
22,246

 
7,530

 
7,463

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Other real estate owned
953

 
577

 
903

 
845

 
—

Other repossessed assets
503

 
1,001

 
588

 
421

 
703

Total nonperforming assets
$
15,170

 
$
18,079

 
$
23,737

 
$
8,796

 
$
8,166

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Loans and leases past due greater than 90 days and accruing
$
6,008

 
$
10,913

 
$
17,581

 
$
4,769

 
$
5,902

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Total nonperforming loans and leases as a percentage of total loans and leases
0.28
%
 
0.38
%
 
0.53
%
 
0.28
%
 
0.33
%
Total nonperforming assets as a percentage of total assets
0.26
%
 
0.34
%
 
0.46
%
 
0.27
%
 
0.30
%
Troubled Debt Restructured Loans and Leases
At December 31, 2014, restructured loans included $8.9 million of commercial real estate mortgage loans, $0.9 million of multi-family mortgage loans, $8.4 million of commercial loans, $2.7 million of equipment financing loans and leases, $2.7 million of residential mortgage loans and $0.9 million of home equity loans. At December 31, 2013, restructured loans included $5.9 million of commercial real estate mortgage loans, $0.9 million of multi-family mortgage loans, $6.3 million of commercial loans, $2.5 million of equipment financing loans and leases, $2.5 million of residential mortgage loans and $0.3 million of home equity loans. A restructured loan is a loan for which where the maturity date was extended, the principal was reduced, and/or the interest rate was modified to drop the required monthly payment to a more manageable amount for the borrower.

39

The following table sets forth information regarding troubled debt restructured loans and leases at the dates indicated:
 
At December 31, 2014
 
At December 31, 2013
 
(Dollars in Thousands)
Troubled debt restructurings:
 

 
 

On accrual
$
14,815

 
$
12,759

On nonaccrual
5,625

 
5,589

Total troubled debt restructurings
$
20,440

 
$
18,348


Changes in troubled debt restructured loans and leases were as follows for the periods indicated:

 
Year ended December 31,
 
2014
 
2013
 
(Dollars in Thousands)
Balance at beginning of period
$
18,348

 
$
17,200

Additions
8,657

 
7,237

Charge-offs
(391
)
 
(824
)
Repayments
(195
)
 
(1,749
)
Other reductions (1)
(5,979
)
 
(3,516
)
Balance at end of period
$
20,440

 
$
18,348

(1) Other reductions include transfers to OREO and change in troubled debt restructuring status.
Allowances for Credit Losses
Allowance for Loan and Lease Losses
The allowance for loan and lease losses consists of general, specific and unallocated allowances and reflects management's estimate of probable loan and lease losses inherent in the loan portfolio at the balance sheet date. Management uses a consistent and systematic process and methodology to evaluate the adequacy of the allowance for loan and lease losses on a quarterly basis. The allowance is calculated by loan type: commercial real estate loans, commercial loans and leases, indirect automobile loans and consumer loans, each category of which is further segregated. A formula-based credit evaluation approach is applied to each group that is evaluated collectively, primarily by loss factors, which includes estimates of incurred losses over an estimated LEP, assigned to each risk rating by type, coupled with an analysis of certain loans individually evaluated for impairment. Management continuously evaluates and challenges inputs and assumptions in the allowance for loan and lease loss. During the year ended December 31, 2014, management reviewed these conditions and adjusted the factors due to the absence of losses outside the normal course of business and improved credit quality.
The process to determine the allowance for loan and lease losses requires management to exercise considerable judgment regarding the risk characteristics of the loan portfolios and the effect of relevant internal and external factors. While management evaluates currently available information in establishing the allowance for loan and lease losses, future adjustments to the allowance for loan and lease losses may be necessary if conditions differ substantially from the assumptions used in making the evaluations. Management performs a comprehensive review of the allowance for loan and lease losses on a quarterly basis. In addition, various regulatory agencies, as an integral part of their examination process, periodically review a financial institution's allowance for loan and lease losses and carrying amounts of other real estate owned. Such agencies may require the financial institution to recognize additions to the allowance based on their judgments about information available to them at the time of their examination. See Note 1, "Basis of Presentation," and Note 7, "Allowance for Loan and Lease Losses," to the consolidated financial statements for descriptions of how management determines the balance of the allowance for loan and lease losses for each portfolio and class of loans.
The following tables present the changes in the allowance for loan and lease losses by portfolio category for the years ended December 31, 2014, 2013, 2012, 2011, and 2010, respectively.

40

 
Year Ended December 31, 2014
 
Commercial
Real Estate
 
Commercial
 
Indirect
Automobile
 
Consumer
 
Unallocated
 
Total
 
(In Thousands)
Balance at December 31, 2013
$
23,022

 
$
15,220

 
$
3,924

 
$
3,375

 
$
2,932

 
$
48,473

Charge-offs
(130
)
 
(2,507
)
 
(1,163
)
 
(650
)
 
—

 
(4,450
)
Recoveries
4

 
801

 
434

 
158

 
—

 
1,397

Provision (credit) for loan and lease losses
6,698

 
2,443

 
(864
)
 
476

 
(514
)
 
8,239

Balance at December 31, 2014
$
29,594

 
$
15,957

 
$
2,331

 
$
3,359

 
$
2,418

 
$
53,659

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Total loans and leases
$
2,467,801

 
$
1,167,094

 
$
316,987

 
$
870,725

 
N/A

 
$
4,822,607

Total allowance for loan and lease losses as a percentage of total loans and leases
1.20
%
 
1.37
%
 
0.74
%
 
0.39
%
 
N/A

 
1.11
%
 
Year Ended December 31, 2013
 
Commercial
Real Estate
 
Commercial
 
Indirect
Automobile
 
Consumer
 
Unallocated
 
Total
 
(In Thousands)
Balance at December 31, 2012
$
20,018

 
$
10,655

 
$
5,304

 
$
2,545

 
$
2,630

 
$
41,152

Charge-offs
(88
)
 
(2,077
)
 
(1,714
)
 
(909
)
 
—

 
(4,788
)
Recoveries
13

 
657

 
501

 
263

 
—

 
1,434

Provision (credit) for loan and lease losses
3,079

 
5,985

 
(167
)
 
1,476

 
302

 
10,675

Balance at December 31, 2013
$
23,022

 
$
15,220

 
$
3,924

 
$
3,375

 
$
2,932

 
$
48,473

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Total loans and leases
$
2,203,623

 
$
965,610

 
$
400,531

 
$
792,701

 
N/A

 
$
4,362,465

Total allowance for loan and lease losses as a percentage of total loans and leases
1.04
%
 
1.58
%
 
0.98
%
 
0.43
%
 
N/A

 
1.11
%
 
Year Ended December 31, 2012
 
Commercial
Real Estate
 
Commercial
 
Indirect
Automobile
 
Consumer
 
Unallocated
 
Total
 
(In Thousands)
Balance at December 31, 2011
$
15,477

 
$
5,997

 
$
5,604

 
$
1,577

 
$
3,048

 
$
31,703

Charge-offs
—

 
(5,347
)
 
(2,153
)
 
(592
)
 
—

 
(8,092
)
Recoveries
118

 
417

 
969

 
26

 
—

 
1,530

Provision (credit) for loan and lease losses
4,423

 
9,588

 
884

 
1,534

 
(418
)
 
16,011

Balance at December 31, 2012
$
20,018

 
$
10,655

 
$
5,304

 
$
2,545

 
$
2,630

 
$
41,152

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Total loans and leases
$
2,005,963

 
$
847,455

 
$
542,344

 
$
779,950

 
N/A

 
$
4,175,712

Allowance for loan and lease losses as a percentage of total loans and leases
1.00
%
 
1.26
%
 
0.98
%
 
0.33
%
 
N/A

 
0.99
%

41

 
Year Ended December 31, 2011
 
Commercial
Real Estate
 
Commercial
 
Indirect
Automobile
 
Consumer
 
Unallocated
 
Total
 
(In Thousands)
Balance at December 31, 2010
$
12,398

 
$
5,293

 
$
6,952

 
$
1,638

 
$
3,414

 
$
29,695

Charge-offs
(30
)
 
(773
)
 
(2,076
)
 
(12
)
 
—

 
(2,891
)
Recoveries
—

 
330

 
605

 
8

 
—

 
943

Provision (credit) for loan and lease losses
3,109

 
1,147

 
123

 
(57
)
 
(366
)
 
3,956

Balance at December 31, 2011
$
15,477

 
$
5,997

 
$
5,604

 
$
1,577

 
$
3,048

 
$
31,703

Total loans and leases
$
1,270,993

 
$
443,966

 
$
573,350

 
$
432,512

 
N/A

 
$
2,720,821

Allowance for loan and lease losses as a percentage of total loans and leases
1.22
%
 
1.35
%
 
0.98
%
 
0.36
%
 
N/A

 
1.17
%
 
Year Ended December 31, 2010
 
Commercial
Real Estate
 
Commercial
 
Indirect
Automobile
 
Consumer
 
Unallocated
 
Total
 
(In Thousands)
Balance at December 31, 2009
$
12,447

 
$
4,853

 
$
8,479

 
$
1,675

 
$
3,629

 
$
31,083

Charge-offs
(1,100
)
 
(1,182
)
 
(3,818
)
 
(161
)
 
—

 
(6,261
)
Recoveries
5

 
202

 
840

 
30

 
—

 
1,077

Provision (credit) for loan and lease losses
1,046

 
1,420

 
1,451

 
94

 
(215
)
 
3,796

Balance at December 31, 2010
$
12,398

 
$
5,293

 
$
6,952

 
$
1,638

 
$
3,414

 
$
29,695

Total loans and leases
$
1,003,802

 
$
344,228

 
$
553,689

 
$
351,819

 
N/A

 
$
2,253,538

Allowance for loan and lease losses as a percentage of total loans and leases
1.24
%
 
1.54
%
 
1.26
%
 
0.47
%
 
N/A

 
1.32
%
The allowance for loan and lease losses for the entire portfolio was $53.7 million at December 31, 2014, or 1.11% of total loans and leases outstanding. This compared to an allowance for loan and lease losses of $48.5 million, or 1.11% of total loans and leases outstanding, at December 31, 2013. The increase in the allowance for loan and lease losses from December 31, 2013 to December 31, 2014 is due to loan growth of $460.1 million during the year and deterioration in two loan pools in the acquired portfolio, partially offset by an improvement in the credit characteristics of the equipment financing portfolio.
Management believes that the allowance for loan and lease losses as of December 31, 2014 is appropriate based on the facts and circumstances discussed further below.
Commercial Real Estate Loans
The allowance for commercial real estate loan losses was $29.6 million or 1.20% of total commercial real estate loans outstanding at December 31, 2014. This compared to an allowance for commercial real estate loan losses of $23.0 million or 1.04% of commercial real estate loans outstanding at December 31, 2013. Specific reserves on commercial real estate loans decreased from $0.3 million at December 31, 2013 to $0.1 million at December 31, 2014. The $6.6 million increase in the allowance for commercial real estate loans during 2014 was primarily driven by originated loan growth of $378.7 million or 21.4% over the same period.
The ratio of total criticized commercial real estate loans to total commercial real estate loans increased to 1.81% at December 31, 2014 from 1.63% at December 31, 2013. The ratio of originated commercial real estate loans on nonaccrual to total originated commercial real estate loans increased to 0.05% at December 31, 2014 from 0.01% at December 31, 2013.
As a percentage of average commercial real estate loans, annualized net charge-offs for the year ended December 31, 2014 and 2013 were negligible. Provisions for commercial real estate loans recorded in these periods more than adequately covered charge-offs during those periods. See the "Results of Operations—Provision for Credit Losses" section below for additional information.

42

Commercial Loans and Leases
The allowance for commercial loan and lease losses was $16.0 million or 1.37% of total commercial loans and leases outstanding at December 31, 2014, compared to $15.2 million or 1.58% of commercial loans and leases outstanding at December 31, 2013. Specific reserves on commercial real estate loans increased from $0.8 million at December 31, 2013 to $1.0 million at December 31, 2014. The $0.8 million increase in the allowance for commercial loans and lease losses during 2014 was primarily driven by originated loan growth of $274.0 million or 33.1% over the same period as well as deterioration in the acquired loan portfolio.
The ratio of total criticized commercial loans and leases to total commercial loans and leases was 2.28% at December 31, 2014, compared to 2.24% at December 31, 2013. The ratio of originated commercial loans and leases on nonaccrual to total originated commercial loans and leases decreased to 0.54% at December 31, 2014 from 0.68% at December 31, 2013.
Net charge-offs increased $0.3 million to $1.7 million or 0.16% of average commercial loans and leases for the year ended December 31, 2014, compared with net charge-offs of $1.4 million or 0.16% of average commercial loans and leases for the year ended December 31, 2013. Provisions for commercial loans recorded in these periods more than adequately covered charge-offs during those periods. See the "Results of Operations—Provision for Credit Losses" section below for additional information.
Indirect Automobile Loans
The allowance for indirect automobile loan losses was $2.3 million or 0.74% of total indirect automobile loans outstanding at December 31, 2014, compared to $3.9 million or 0.98% of the indirect automobile portfolio outstanding at December 31, 2013. There were no loans individually evaluated for impairment in the indirect automobile portfolio at December 31, 2014 and December 31, 2013. The $1.6 million decrease in the allowance for indirect automobile loan losses was primarily a result of declines in loans outstanding, which decreased $83.5 million, or 20.9%, to $317.0 million at December 31, 2014 from $400.5 million at December 31, 2013.
The ratio of indirect automobile loans with borrower credit scores below 660 to the total indirect automobile portfolio decreased slightly to 3.1% at December 31, 2014 from 3.2% at December 31, 2013.
Net charge-offs in the indirect automobile portfolio totaled $0.7 million or 0.20% of average loans for the year ended December 31, 2014 compared with net charge-offs of $1.2 million or 0.26% for the year ended December 31, 2013, reflecting the favorable trend in credit quality as the portfolio has been allowed to run down. Provisions for indirect automobile loans recorded in these periods more than adequately covered charge-offs during those periods. See the "Results of Operations—Provision for Credit Losses" section below for additional information.
Consumer Loans
The allowance for consumer loan losses, including residential loans and home equity loans and lines of credit, was $3.4 million or 0.39% of total consumer loans outstanding at December 31, 2014, compared to $3.4 million or 0.43% of consumer loans outstanding at December 31, 2013. There was nominal reserve for loans individually evaluated for impairment at December 31, 2014, compared to $0.3 million at December 31, 2013.
The allowance for consumer loans remained constant from December 31, 2013 to December 31, 2014. The risk of loss on a home equity loan is higher since the property securing the loan has often been previously pledged as collateral for a first mortgage loan. The Company gathers and analyzes delinquency data, to the extent that data are available on these first liens, for purposes of assessing the collectability of the second liens held by the Company even if these home equity loans are not delinquent. This data are further analyzed for performance differences between amortizing and non-amortizing home equity loans, the percentage borrowed to total loan commitment and by the amount of payments made by the borrowers. The exposure to loss is not considered to be high due to the combination of current property values, the historically low loan-to-value ratios, the low level of losses experienced in the past few years and the low level of loan delinquencies at December 31, 2014. If the local economy weakens, however, a rise in losses in those loan classes could occur. Historically, losses in these classes have been low.
Net charge-offs in the consumer loan portfolio totaled $0.5 million or 0.06% of average consumer loans for the year ended December 31, 2014, compared with net charge-offs of $0.6 million or 0.08% of average consumer loans for the year ended December 31, 2013.
Unallocated Allowance
The unallocated allowance recognizes the estimation risk associated with the allocated general and specific allowances, incorporates management's evaluation of existing conditions that are not included in the allocated allowance determinations and

43

protects against potential losses outside of the ordinary course of business. These conditions are reviewed quarterly by management. Causes of losses outside the normal course of business include but are not limited to fraudulently obtained loans where there is no primary or secondary source of repayment; catastrophic and uninsured property loss where collateral is destroyed with no compensation; and legal documentation flaws that compromise security interests in collateral assets or the availability of guarantors. Management reviewed these conditions and adjusted the factors due to the absence of losses outside the normal course of business and improved credit quality.
The unallocated allowance for loan and lease losses was $2.4 million at December 31, 2014, compared to $2.9 million at December 31, 2013. The unallocated portion of the allowance for loan and lease losses declined by $0.5 million on a year-to-year basis at December 31, 2014, largely as a result of improved credit quality and loss history.
The following tables set forth the Company's percent of allowance for loan and lease losses to the total allowance for loan and lease losses and the percent of loans to total loans for each of the categories listed at the dates indicated.
 
At December 31,
 
2014
 
2013
 
2012
 
Amount
 
Percent of
Allowance
to Total
Allowance
 
Percent of
Loans
in Each
Category to
Total
Loans
 
Amount
 
Percent of
Allowance
to Total
Allowance
 
Percent of
Loans
in Each
Category to
Total
Loans
 
Amount
 
Percent of
Allowance
to Total
Allowance
 
Percent of
Loans
in Each
Category to
Total
Loans
 
(Dollars in Thousands)
Commercial real estate mortgage
$
20,858

 
38.9
%
 
34.8
%
 
$
14,883

 
30.7
%
 
33.5
%
 
$
12,993

 
31.6
%
 
31.1
%
Multi-family mortgage
5,057

 
9.4
%
 
13.2
%
 
4,890

 
10.1
%
 
14.4
%
 
4,541

 
11.0
%
 
14.5
%
Construction
3,679

 
6.9
%
 
3.1
%
 
3,249

 
6.7
%
 
2.6
%
 
2,484

 
6.0
%
 
2.4
%
Total commercial real estate loans
29,594

 
55.2
%
 
51.1
%
 
23,022

 
47.5
%
 
50.5
%
 
20,018

 
48.6
%
 
48.0
%
Commercial
7,463

 
13.9
%
 
10.7
%
 
6,724

 
13.9
%
 
9.3
%
 
3,870

 
9.4
%
 
9.2
%
Equipment financing
8,112

 
15.1
%
 
12.5
%
 
8,161

 
16.8
%
 
11.8
%
 
6,454

 
15.7
%
 
10.1
%
Condominium association
382

 
0.7
%
 
1.1
%
 
335

 
0.7
%
 
1.0
%
 
331

 
0.8
%
 
1.1
%
Total commercial loans and leases
15,957

 
29.7
%
 
24.3
%
 
15,220

 
31.4
%
 
22.1
%
 
10,655

 
25.9
%
 
20.4
%
Indirect automobile
2,331

 
4.3
%
 
6.6
%
 
3,924

 
8.1
%
 
9.2
%
 
5,304

 
12.9
%
 
12.9
%
Residential mortgage
1,392

 
2.6
%
 
11.9
%
 
1,431

 
3.0
%
 
12.1
%
 
1,516

 
3.7
%
 
12.2
%
Home equity
1,846

 
3.5
%
 
5.9
%
 
1,324

 
2.7
%
 
5.9
%
 
970

 
2.4
%
 
6.3
%
Other consumer
121

 
0.2
%
 
0.2
%
 
620

 
1.3
%
 
0.2
%
 
59

 
0.1
%
 
0.2
%
Total consumer loans
3,359

 
6.3
%
 
18.0
%
 
3,375

 
7.0
%
 
18.2
%
 
2,545

 
6.2
%
 
18.7
%
Unallocated
2,418

 
4.5
%
 
—

 
2,932

 
6.0
%
 
—

 
2,630

 
6.4
%
 
—

Total
$
53,659

 
100.0
%
 
100.0
%
 
$
48,473

 
100.0
%
 
100.0
%
 
$
41,152

 
100.0
%
 
100.0
%


44

 
At December 31,
 
2011
 
2010
 
Amount
 
Percent of
Allowance
to Total
Allowance
 
Percent of
Loans
in Each
Category to
Total
Loans
 
Amount
 
Percent of
Allowance
to Total
Allowance
 
Percent of
Loans
in Each
Category to
Total
Loans
 
(Dollars in Thousands)
Commercial real estate mortgage
$
9,936

 
31.3
%
 
27.5
%
 
$
8,235

 
27.7
%
 
25.0
%
Multi-family mortgage
4,459

 
14.1
%
 
17.7
%
 
3,691

 
12.4
%
 
18.7
%
Construction
1,082

 
3.4
%
 
1.5
%
 
472

 
1.6
%
 
0.8
%
Total commercial real estate loans
15,477

 
48.8
%
 
46.7
%
 
12,398

 
41.7
%
 
44.5
%
Commercial
1,505

 
4.8
%
 
5.5
%
 
1,237

 
4.2
%
 
4.3
%
Equipment financing
4,128

 
13.0
%
 
9.1
%
 
3,744

 
12.6
%
 
9.1
%
Condominium association
364

 
1.1
%
 
1.7
%
 
312

 
1.0
%
 
1.9
%
Total commercial loans and leases
5,997

 
18.9
%
 
16.3
%
 
5,293

 
17.8
%
 
15.3
%
Indirect automobile
5,604

 
17.7
%
 
21.1
%
 
6,952

 
23.4
%
 
24.6
%
Residential mortgage
828

 
2.6
%
 
12.9
%
 
977

 
3.3
%
 
12.8
%
Home equity
696

 
2.2
%
 
2.8
%
 
611

 
2.1
%
 
2.6
%
Other consumer
53

 
0.2
%
 
0.2
%
 
50

 
0.2
%
 
0.2
%
Total consumer loans
1,577

 
5.0
%
 
15.9
%
 
1,638

 
5.6
%
 
15.6
%
Unallocated
3,048

 
9.6
%
 
—

 
3,414

 
11.5
%
 
—

Total
$
31,703

 
100.0
%
 
100.0
%
 
$
29,695

 
100.0
%
 
100.0
%
_______________________________________________________________________________
Liability for Unfunded Credit Commitments
The liability for unfunded credit commitments, which is included in other liabilities, was $1.3 million at December 31, 2014, $1.0 million at December 31, 2013 and $0.7 million at December 31, 2012. The changes in the liability for unfunded credit commitments reflect changes in the estimate of loss exposure associated with certain credit unfunded credit commitments.
See the subsections "Comparison of Years Ended December 31, 2014 and December 31, 2013—Provision for Credit Losses" and "Comparison of Years Ended December 31, 2013 and December 31, 2012—Provision for Credit Losses" appearing elsewhere in this report for a discussion of the provision for loan and lease losses and loan and lease charge-offs recognized in the Company's consolidated financial statements during the past three years.
Investment Securities
The investment portfolio exists primarily for liquidity purposes, and secondarily as sources of interest and dividend income, interest-rate risk management and tax planning as a counterbalance to loan and deposit flows. Investment securities available-for-sale are utilized as part of the Company's asset/liability management and may be sold in response to, or in anticipation of, factors such as changes in market conditions and interest rates, security prepayment rates, deposit outflows, liquidity concentrations and regulatory capital requirements.
The investment policy of the Company, which is reviewed and approved by the Board of Directors on an annual basis, specifies the types of investments that are acceptable, required investment ratings by at least one nationally recognized rating agency, concentration limits and duration guidelines. Compliance with the investment policy is monitored on a regular basis. In general, the Company seeks to maintain a high degree of liquidity and targets cash, cash equivalents and investment securities available-for-sale balances between 10% and 30% of total assets.
Cash, cash equivalents, and investment securities increased $28.6 million, or 4.9%, to $614.0 million at December 31, 2014 from $585.4 million at December 31, 2013. Cash, cash equivalents, and investment securities were 10.6% of total assets at December 31, 2014, compared to 11.0% of total assets at December 31, 2013.

45

The following table sets forth certain information regarding the amortized cost and market value of the Company's investment securities at the dates indicated:
 
At December 31,
 
2014
 
2013
 
2012
 
Amortized
Cost
 
Fair Value
 
Amortized
Cost
 
Fair Value
 
Amortized
Cost
 
Fair Value
 
(In Thousands)
Investment securities available-for-sale:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Debt securities:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
GSEs
$
22,929

 
$
22,988

 
$
12,138

 
$
12,180

 
$
69,504

 
$
69,809

GSE CMOs
238,910

 
234,169

 
254,331

 
243,644

 
215,670

 
217,001

GSE MBSs
249,329

 
250,981

 
202,478

 
199,401

 
165,996

 
169,648

Private-label CMOs
—

 
—

 
3,258

 
3,355

 
6,719

 
6,866

SBA commercial loan asset- backed securities
205

 
203

 
245

 
243

 
383

 
381

Auction-rate municipal obligations
—

 
—

 
1,900

 
1,775

 
2,100

 
1,976

Municipal obligations
—

 
—

 
1,068

 
1,086

 
1,058

 
1,101

Corporate debt obligations
39,805

 
40,207

 
27,751

 
28,224

 
10,481

 
10,685

Trust preferred securities and pools
1,463

 
1,240

 
1,461

 
1,210

 
2,786

 
2,519

Total debt securities
552,641

 
549,788

 
504,630

 
491,118

 
474,697

 
479,986

Marketable equity securities
947

 
973

 
1,259

 
1,310

 
1,249

 
1,337

Total investment securities available-for-sale
$
553,588

 
$
550,761

 
$
505,889

 
$
492,428

 
$
475,946

 
$
481,323

Investment securities held-to-maturity
$
500

 
$
500

 
$
500

 
$
500

 
$
500

 
$
502

Restricted equity securities:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
FHLBB stock
$
58,326

 
 

 
$
50,081

 
 

 
$
52,188

 
 

FRB stock
16,003

 
 

 
16,003

 
 

 
15,998

 
 

Other
475

 
 

 
475

 
 

 
475

 
 

Total restricted equity securities
$
74,804

 
 

 
$
66,559

 
 

 
$
68,661

 
 


The fair value of investment securities is based principally on market prices and dealer quotes received from third-party, nationally-recognized pricing services for identical investment securities such as U.S. Treasury and agency securities. The Company's marketable equity securities are priced this way and are included in Level 1. These prices are validated by comparing the primary pricing source with an alternative pricing source when available. When quoted market prices for identical securities are unavailable, the Company uses market prices provided by independent pricing services based on recent trading activity and other observable information, including but not limited to market interest-rate curves, referenced credit spreads and estimated prepayment speeds where applicable. These investments include certain U.S. and government agency debt securities, municipal and corporate debt securities, GSE residential MBSs and CMOs, and trust preferred securities, all of which are included in Level 2. Certain fair values are estimated using pricing models (such as auction-rate municipal securities) and are included in Level 3.

Additionally, Management reviews changes in fair value from period to period and performs testing to ensure that prices received from the third parties are consistent with their expectation of the market. Changes in the prices obtained from the pricing service are analyzed from month to month, taking into consideration changes in market conditions including changes in mortgage spreads, changes in U.S. Treasury security yields and changes in generic pricing of 15-year and 30-year securities. Additional analysis may include a review of prices provided by other independent parties, a yield analysis, a review of average life changes using Bloomberg analytics and a review of historical pricing for the particular security.

During the second quarter of 2014, to better align the Company’s investment portfolio with Management’s strategic focus, the Company liquidated all private-label CMOs, auction-rate municipal obligations and municipal obligations, all of which are

46

100% risk weighted. Proceeds from the investment securities sales were used to reinvest in GSE securities, which are risk weighted at 20%.
Total securities primarily consist of securities available-for-sale, securities held-to-maturity, stock in the FHLBB and stock in the FRB. Total securities increased $66.6 million, or 11.9% since December 31, 2013. At December 31, 2014, total investment securities were 10.8% of total assets an increase from December 31, 2013, when total securities were 10.5% of total assets.
Maturities, calls and principal repayments totaled $84.1 million for the year ended December 31, 2014 compared to $137.3 million for the same period in 2013. In 2014, the Company sold investment securities available-for-sale of $5.5 million and realized gains of $0.1 million compared to sales of $1.2 million and gains of $0.4 million for 2013. In 2014, the Company purchased $139.9 million of investment securities available-for-sale and $0.5 million of investment securities held-to-maturity compared to $171.2 million of investment securities available-for-sale and no investment securities held-to-maturity in 2013.
At December 31, 2014, the fair value of all securities available-for-sale was $550.8 million and carried a total of $2.8 million of net unrealized losses, compared to a fair value of $492.4 million and a net unrealized loss of $13.5 million at December 31, 2013. At December 31, 2014, $335.7 million, or 60.9%, of the portfolio, had gross unrealized losses of $6.0 million. This compares to 383.3 million, or 77.8%, of the portfolio with gross unrealized losses of $16.1 million at December 31, 2013. The decreases in unrealized loss position in 2014 was primarily driven by decreasing interest rates during the year.
Management believes that it will recover the amortized cost basis of the investment securities and that it is more likely than not that it will not sell the securities before recovery. As such, management has determined that the securities are not other-than-temporarily impaired as of December 31, 2014. If market conditions for securities worsen or the creditworthiness of the underlying issuers deteriorates, it is possible that the Company may recognize additional other-than-temporary impairments in future periods.
Debt Securities
U.S. Government-Sponsored Enterprises
The Company invests in securities issued by Government-sponsored enterprises ("GSEs"), including GSE debt securities, mortgage-backed securities ("MBSs"), and collateralized mortgage obligations ("CMOs"). GSE securities include obligations issued by the Federal National Mortgage Association ("FNMA"), the Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation ("FHLMC"), the Government National Mortgage Association ("GNMA"), the Federal Home Loan Banks and the Federal Farm Credit Bank. At December 31, 2014, only GNMA MBSs and CMOs, and Small Business Administration ("SBA") commercial loan asset-backed securities with an estimated fair value of $26.2 million were backed explicitly by the full faith and credit of the U.S. Government, compared to $18.9 million at December 31, 2013.
GSE securities are considered attractive investments because they (1) generate positive yields with minimal administrative expense, (2) impose minimal credit risk as a result of the guarantees usually provided, (3) can be utilized as collateral for borrowings, (4) generate cash flows useful for liquidity management and (5) are ‘‘qualified investments’’ as designated for regulatory purposes that the Company is obligated to meet.
At December 31, 2014, the Company held GSE debentures with a total fair value of $23.0 million which approximated amortized cost. At December 31, 2013, the Company held GSE debentures with a total fair value of $12.2 million which approximated amortized cost. At December 31, 2014, four of the eight securities in this portfolio were in unrealized loss positions. At December 31, 2013, none of the five securities in this portfolio were in unrealized loss positions. All securities are performing and backed by the implicit (FHLB/FNMA/FHLMC) or explicit (GNMA/SBA) guarantee of the U.S Government. During the year ended December 31, 2014, the Company purchased a total of $21.0 million GSE securities to reinvest cash from matured securities. The Company did not purchase any GSE debentures in the same period in 2013.
As of December 31, 2014, the Company held GSE mortgage-related securities with a total fair value of $485.2 million and a net unrealized loss of $3.1 million. This compares to a total fair value of $443.0 million and a net unrealized loss of $13.8 million at December 31, 2013. At December 31, 2014, 79 of the 250 securities in this portfolio were in unrealized loss positions. At December 31, 2013, 86 of the 232 securities in this portfolio were in unrealized loss positions. All securities are performing and backed by the implicit (FHLB/FNMA/FHLMC) or explicit (GNMA) guarantee of the U.S Government. During the years ended December 31, 2014 and 2013, the Company purchased a total of $106.9 million and $149.5 million, respectively, in GSE CMOs and GSE MBSs to reinvest cash from matured securities.

47

SBA Commercial Loan Asset-Backed
At both December 31, 2014 and December 31, 2013, the Company held SBA securities with a total fair value of $0.2 million which approximated amortized cost. At December 31, 2014, seven of the eight securities in this portfolio were in unrealized loss positions. At December 31, 2013, seven of the nine securities in this portfolio were in unrealized loss positions. All securities are performing and backed by the explicit (SBA) guarantee of the U.S Government.
Mortgage-related securities are created by the pooling of mortgages and the issuance of a security with an interest rate that is less than the average interest rate on the underlying mortgages. Mortgage related securities purchased by the Company generally are comprised of a pool of single-family mortgages. The issuers of such securities are generally GSEs such as FNMA, FHLMC and GNMA, which pool and resell participation interests in the form of securities to investors and guarantee the payment of principal and interest to the investors.

Investments in mortgage-related securities issued and guaranteed by GSEs generally do not entail significant credit risk. Such investments, however, are susceptible to significant interest rate and cash flow risks when actual cash flows from the investments differ from cash flows estimated at the time of purchase. Additionally, the market value of such securities can be affected adversely by market changes in interest rates. Prepayments that are faster than anticipated may shorten the life of a security and result in the accelerated expensing of any premiums paid, thereby reducing the net yield earned on the
security. Although prepayments of underlying mortgages depend on many factors, the difference between the interest rates on the underlying mortgages and prevailing mortgage interest rates generally is the most significant determinant of the rate of prepayments. During periods of declining interest rates, refinancing generally increases and accelerates the prepayment of underlying mortgages and the related security. Such an occurrence can also create reinvestment risk because of the unavailability of other investments with a comparable rate of return in relation to the nature and maturity of the alternative investment. Conversely, in a rising interest-rate environment, prepayments may decline, thereby extending the estimated life of the security and depriving the Company of the ability to reinvest cash flows at the higher market rates of interest.
Private-Label CMOs
At December 31, 2014, the Company held no private-issuer CMO-related securities. All private-label CMOs were sold during the second quarter of 2014. At December 31, 2013, the Company held private-issuer CMO-related securities with a total fair value of $3.4 million and a net unrealized gain of $0.1 million. At December 31, 2013, two of the eleven securities in this portfolio were in an unrealized loss position.
Auction-Rate Municipal Obligations and Municipal Obligations
The auction-rate obligations owned by the Company were rated "AAA" at the time of acquisition due, in part, to the guarantee of third-party insurers who would have to pay the obligations if the issuers failed to pay the obligations when they become due. During the financial crisis, certain third-party insurers experienced financial difficulties and were not able to meet their contractual obligations. As a result, auctions failed to attract a sufficient number of investors and created a liquidity problem for those investors who were relying on the obligations to be redeemed at auction. Since then, there has not been an active market for auction-rate municipal obligations.
At December 31, 2014, the Company held no auction-rate municipal obligations. All auction-rate municipal obligations were sold during the second quarter of 2014. This compares to $1.8 million with a corresponding net unrealized loss of $0.1 million at December 31, 2013. At December 31, 2013, all of the securities in this portfolio were in unrealized loss positions.
The Company owns no municipal obligations at December 31, 2014. All municipal obligations were sold during the second quarter of 2014. This compares to a total fair value of $1.1 million which also approximates amortized cost at December 31, 2013. At December 31, 2013, none of the securities in this portfolio was in unrealized loss positions.
Corporate Obligations
From time to time, the Company will invest in high-quality corporate obligations to provide portfolio diversification and improve the overall yield on the portfolio. The Company owned thirteen corporate obligation securities with a total fair value of $40.2 million and total net unrealized gains of $0.4 million as of December 31, 2014. This compares to eleven corporate obligation securities with a total fair value of $28.2 million and total net unrealized gains of $0.5 million at December 31, 2013. At December 31, 2014, all of the securities were investment grade. At December 31, 2013, all but one of the securities were investment grade and this security was in an unrealized gain position. At December 31, 2014, one of the thirteen securities in this portfolio was in an unrealized loss position. At December 31, 2013, two of the eleven securities in this portfolio were in unrealized loss positions. Full collection of the obligations is expected because the financial condition of the issuers is sound, none of the issuers has defaulted on scheduled payments, the obligations are rated investment grade and the Company has the ability and intent to hold the obligations for a period of time to recover the unrealized losses. During the year ended

48

December 31, 2014, the Company purchased $12.0 million in corporate obligations compared to $21.7 million in the same period in 2013.

49

Trust Preferred Securities and PreTSLs
Trust preferred securities represent subordinated debt issued by financial institutions. These securities are sometimes pooled and sold to investors through structured vehicles known as trust preferred pools (“PreTSLs”). When issued, PreTSLs are divided into tranches or segments that establish priority rights to cash flows from the underlying trust preferred securities. At December 31, 2014, the Company owned two trust preferred securities and no PreTSL pools with a total fair value of $1.2 million and a total net unrealized loss of $0.2 million. This compares to two trust preferred securities and no PreTSL pools with a total fair value of $1.2 million and a total net unrealized loss of $0.3 million at December 31, 2013. During the year ended December 31, 2013, the Company sold all PreTSL securities for a net gain of $0.4 million. At December 31, 2014 and December 31, 2013, both of the securities in this portfolio were in unrealized loss positions. Full collection of the obligations is expected because the financial condition of the issuers is sound, none of the issuers has defaulted on scheduled payments, the obligations are rated investment grade and the Company has the ability and intent to hold the obligations for a period of time to recover the amortized cost.
Marketable Equity Securities
At December 31, 2014, the Company owned marketable equity securities with a fair value of $1.0 million, which approximated amortized cost compare to fair value of $1.3 million, with and unrealized loss of $0.1 million at December 31, 2013. At December 31, 2014, none of the four securities in this portfolio was in an unrealized loss position. At December 31, 2013, one of the four securities in this portfolio were in an unrealized loss position.
Investment Securities Held-to-Maturity
At December 31, 2014, the Company owned an investment security held-to-maturity with a carrying value of $0.5 million and a fair value of $0.5 million. This security matures in March, 2016 and carries an interest rate payable of 1.3%.
Restricted Equity Securities
FHLBB Stock—The Company invests in the stock of the FHLBB as one of the requirements to borrow. The Company maintains an excess balance of capital stock of $6.6 million which allows for additional borrowing capacity at each subsidiary institution.
At December 31, 2014, the Company owned stock in the FHLBB with a carrying value of $58.3 million, an increase of $8.2 million from $50.1 million at December 31, 2013. At September 30, 2014, the FHLBB had total assets of $51.9 billion and total capital of $2.8 billion, of which $876.2 million was retained earnings. The FHLBB stated that it remained in compliance with all regulatory capital ratios as of September 30, 2014 and, based on the most recent information available, was classified as "adequately capitalized" by its regulator. See Note 5, "Restricted Equity Securities" to the consolidated financial statements for further information about the FHLBB.
Federal Reserve Bank Stock—The Company invests in the stock of the Federal Reserve Bank of Boston, as required by its subsidiary Banks' membership in the Federal Reserve System. In 2014, the Company maintained its investment in the stock of the Federal Reserve Bank of Boston to adjust for deposit growth. The FRB is now the primary federal regulator for the Company and its subsidiary banks.

50

Carrying Value, Weighted Average Yields, and Contractual Maturities of Investment and Restricted Equity Securities
The table below sets forth certain information regarding the carrying value, weighted average yields and contractual maturities of the Company's investment and restricted equity securities portfolio at the date indicated.
 
Balance at December 31, 2014
 
One Year or Less
 
After One Year
Through Five Years
 
After Five Years
Through Ten Years
 
After Ten Years
 
Total
 
Carrying
Value
 
Weighted
Average
Yield
 
Carrying
Value
 
Weighted
Average
Yield
 
Carrying
Value
 
Weighted
Average
Yield
 
Carrying
Value
 
Weighted
Average
Yield
 
Carrying
Value
 
Weighted
Average
Yield
 
(Dollars in Thousands)
Investment securities available-for-sale:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Debt securities:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
GSEs
$
—

 
—
%
 
$
4,942

 
1.72
%
 
$
18,046

 
2.33
%
 
$
—

 
—
%
 
$
22,988

 
2.20
%
GSE CMOs
—

 
—

 
2,037

 
1.52
%
 
42

 
4.77
%
 
232,090

 
1.78
%
 
234,169

 
1.78
%
GSE MBSs
60

 
3.11
%
 
12,421

 
3.87
%
 
85,972

 
1.93
%
 
152,528

 
2.11
%
 
250,981

 
2.13
%
SBA commercial loan asset- backed securities
—

 
—

 
—

 
—
%
 
148

 
0.78
%
 
55

 
0.83
%
 
203

 
0.79
%
Corporate debt obligations
3,021

 
3.00
%
 
37,186

 
2.16
%
 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
40,207

 
2.23
%
Trust preferred securities
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
1,240

 
1.04
%
 
1,240

 
1.04
%
Total debt securities
$
3,081

 
3.00
%
 
$
56,586

 
2.48
%
 
$
104,208

 
2.00
%
 
$
385,913

 
1.91
%
 
549,788

 
1.99
%
Marketable equity securities
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
973

 
1.77
%
Total investment securities available-for-sale
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
550,761

 
1.99
%
Investment securities held-to-maturity
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
500

 
1.30
%
Restricted equity securities:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
FHLBB stock
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
58,326

 
1.49
%
FRB stock
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
16,003

 
6.00
%
Other stock
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
475

 
—
%
Total restricted equity securities
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
74,804

 
2.46
%
_______________________________________________________________________________
(1)
Yields have been calculated on a tax-equivalent basis.

51

Deposits
The following table presents the Company's deposit mix at the dates indicated.
 
At December 31,
 
2014
 
2013
 
2012
 
Amount
 
Percent
of Total
 
Weighted
Average
Rate
 
Amount
 
Percent
of Total
 
Weighted
Average
Rate
 
Amount
 
Percent
of Total
 
Weighted
Average
Rate
 
(Dollars in Thousands)
Non-interest-bearing deposits:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Demand checking accounts
$
726,118

 
18.3
%
 
—
%
 
$
707,023

 
18.4
%
 
—
%
 
$
623,274

 
17.2
%
 
—
%
Interest-bearing deposits:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
NOW accounts
235,063

 
5.9
%
 
0.07
%
 
210,602

 
5.5
%
 
0.07
%
 
212,858

 
5.9
%
 
0.09
%
Savings accounts
531,727

 
13.4
%
 
0.21
%
 
494,734

 
12.9
%
 
0.25
%
 
515,367

 
14.2
%
 
0.39
%
Money market accounts
1,518,490

 
38.4
%
 
0.52
%
 
1,487,979

 
38.8
%
 
0.54
%
 
1,253,819

 
34.7
%
 
0.63
%
Certificate of deposit accounts
946,708

 
23.9
%
 
0.88
%
 
934,668

 
24.4
%
 
0.91
%
 
1,010,941

 
28.0
%
 
1.06
%
Total interest-bearing deposits
3,231,988

 
81.7
%
 
0.54
%
 
3,127,983

 
81.6
%
 
0.57
%
 
2,992,985

 
82.8
%
 
0.70
%
Total deposits
$
3,958,106

 
100.0
%
 
0.44
%
 
$
3,835,006

 
100.0
%
 
0.47
%
 
$
3,616,259

 
100.0
%
 
0.58
%
The Company seeks to increase its percentage of core (non-certificate of deposit) deposits and decrease its loan-to-deposit ratio over time, while continuing to increase deposits as a percentage of total funding sources. This strategic goal, however, is difficult given the rapid growth in loan and leases. The Company's loan-to-deposit ratio increased to 121.8% at December 31, 2014, from 113.8% at December 31, 2013.
At December 31, 2014, the Company received $62.0 million million of brokered deposits, which was included in the certificate of deposit balance. Brokered deposits allow the Company to seek additional funding by attracting deposits from outside the Company's core market. There were no brokered deposits at December 31, 2013.
Total deposits increased nearly $0.2 billion, or 3.2%, to $4.0 billion at December 31, 2014 from $3.8 billion at December 31, 2013.
In 2014, core deposits increased $111.1 million, or 3.8%, rising from 75.6% of total deposits at December 31, 2013 to 76.1% of total deposits at December 31, 2014. Certificate of deposit increased $12.0 million, or 1.3%, in 2014. Certificate of deposit have fallen as a percentage of total deposits from 24.4% at December 31, 2013 to 23.9% at December 31, 2014.
The Company believes the growth in deposits and the shift in the mix of deposits in 2014 and 2013 were due in part to expansion of its cash management capabilities and increased efforts in seeking deposits from existing customer relationships. A rise in interest rates could cause a shift from core deposit accounts to certificate of deposit accounts with longer maturities. Generally, the rates paid on certificates of deposit are higher than those paid on core deposit accounts.
The following table sets forth the distribution of the average balances of the Company's deposit accounts for the years indicated and the weighted average interest rates on each category of deposits presented. Averages for the years presented are based on daily balances.

52

 
Year Ended December 31,
 
2014
 
2013
 
2012
 
Average
Balance
 
Percent
of Total
Average
Deposits
 
Weighted
Average
Rate
 
Average
Balance
 
Percent
of Total
Average
Deposits
 
Weighted
Average
Rate
 
Average
Balance
 
Percent
of Total
Average
Deposits
 
Weighted
Average
Rate
 
(Dollars in Thousands)
Core deposits:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Non-interest-bearing demand checking accounts
$
708,790

 
18.3
%
 
—
%
 
$
656,724

 
17.7
%
 
—
%
 
$
562,238

 
16.0
%
 
—
%
NOW accounts
212,402

 
5.5
%
 
0.08
%
 
198,050

 
5.3
%
 
0.09
%
 
183,046

 
5.2
%
 
0.11
%
Savings accounts
518,741

 
13.4
%
 
0.23
%
 
509,436

 
13.8
%
 
0.25
%
 
517,485

 
14.6
%
 
0.33
%
Money market accounts
1,526,915

 
39.4
%
 
0.51
%
 
1,370,195

 
37.0
%
 
0.60
%
 
1,203,113

 
34.2
%
 
0.73
%
Total core deposits
2,966,848

 
76.5
%
 
0.31
%
 
2,734,405

 
73.8
%
 
0.35
%
 
2,465,882

 
70.0
%
 
0.43
%
Certificate of deposit accounts
911,072

 
23.5
%
 
0.86
%
 
971,044

 
26.2
%
 
0.94
%
 
1,055,510

 
30.0
%
 
1.02
%
Total deposits
$
3,877,920

 
100.0
%
 
0.44
%
 
$
3,705,449

 
100.0
%
 
0.51
%
 
$
3,521,392

 
100.0
%
 
0.61
%
At December 31, 2014 and 2013, the Company had outstanding certificate of deposit of $100,000 or more, maturing as follows:
 
At December 31,
 
2014
 
2013
 
Amount
 
Weighted
Average Rate
 
Amount
 
Weighted
Average Rate
 
(Dollars in Thousands)
Maturity period:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Six months or less
$
179,890

 
0.70
%
 
$
181,598

 
0.70
%
Over six months through 12 months
135,342

 
0.72
%
 
139,154

 
0.86
%
Over 12 months
168,486

 
1.18
%
 
103,937

 
1.32
%
Total certificate of deposit of $100,000 or more
$
483,718

 
0.87
%
 
$
424,689

 
0.91
%

53

Borrowed Funds
The following table sets forth certain information regarding FHLBB advances, subordinated debentures and notes and other borrowed funds for the dates indicated:
 
Year Ended December 31,
 
2014
 
2013
 
2012
 
(Dollars in Thousands)
Borrowed funds:
 
 
 
 
 
Average balance outstanding
$
994,734

 
$
808,007

 
$
792,954

Maximum amount outstanding at any month end during the year
1,132,957

 
838,588

 
853,969

Balance outstanding at end of year
1,126,404

 
812,555

 
853,969

Weighted average interest rate for the period
1.24
%
 
1.41
%
 
1.82
%
Weighted average interest rate at end of period
1.37
%
 
1.36
%
 
2.06
%
Advances from the FHLBB
On a long-term basis, the Company intends to continue to increase its core deposits. The Company also uses FHLBB borrowings and other wholesale borrowing opportunistically as part of the Company's overall strategy to fund loan growth and manage interest-rate risk and liquidity. The advances are secured by a blanket security agreement which requires the Banks to maintain certain qualifying assets as collateral. The maximum amount that the FHLBB will advance to member institutions, including the Company, fluctuates from time to time in accordance with the policies of the FHLBB. The Company may also borrow from the FRB's "discount window" as necessary.
FHLBB borrowings increased by $235.2 million to $1.0 billion at December 31, 2014 from the December 31, 2013 balance of $0.8 billion.
Repurchase Agreements
The Company periodically enters into repurchase agreements with its larger deposit and commercial customers as part of its cash management services which are typically overnight borrowings. Short-term borrowings and repurchase agreements with Company customers increased $5.0 million to $39.6 million in 2014 from $34.6 million in 2013.
Subordinated Debentures and Notes
In connection with the acquisition of Bancorp Rhode Island, Inc., the Company assumed three subordinated debentures issued by a subsidiary of Bancorp Rhode Island, Inc. One subordinated debenture in the amount of $3.0 million was called in the first quarter of 2013 due to its high fixed rate.
On September 15, 2014, the Company offered $75.0 million of 6.0% fixed-to-floating subordinated notes due September
15, 2029. The Company is obligated to pay 6.0% interest semiannually between September 2014 and September 2024. Subsequently, the Company is obligated to pay 3-month LIBOR plus 3.315% quarterly until the notes mature in September 2029. As of December 31, 2014, the Company capitalized $1.5 million in relation to the issuance of these subordinated notes.

The following table summarizes the Company's subordinated debentures and notes at the dates indicated.
At December 31, 2014:
 
 
 
 
 
 
Issue Date
 
Rate
 
Maturity Date
 
Next Call Date
 
Carrying
Amount
 
 
(Dollars in Thousands)
June 26, 2003
 
Variable; 3-month LIBOR + 3.10%
 
June 26, 2033
 
March 26, 2015
 
$
4,696

March 17, 2004
 
Variable; 3-month LIBOR + 2.79%
 
March 17, 2034
 
March 17, 2015
 
$
4,543

September 15, 2014
 
6.0% Fixed-to-Variable; 3-month LIBOR + 3.315%
 
September 15, 2029
 
September 15, 2024
 
$
73,524


54

At December 31, 2013:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Issue Date
 
Rate
 
Fair
Market Rate
at BankRI
Acquisition
 
Maturity Date
 
Next Call Date
 
Carrying
Amount
 
 
(Dollars in Thousands)
June 26, 2003
 
Variable; 3-month LIBOR + 3.10%
 
6.45
%
 
June 26, 2033
 
March 26, 2014
 
$
4,666

March 17, 2004
 
Variable; 3-month LIBOR + 2.79%
 
6.45
%
 
March 17, 2034
 
March 17, 2014
 
$
4,497

Derivative Financial Instruments
The Company has entered into interest-rate swaps with certain of its commercial customers and concurrently enters into offsetting swaps with third-party financial institutions. The Company did not have derivative fair value hedges or derivative cash flow hedges at December 31, 2014 or 2013. The following table summarizes certain information concerning the Company's interest-rate swaps at December 31, 2014 and 2013:
 
At December 31, 2014
At December 31, 2013
 
(Dollars in Thousands)
Notional principal amounts
$
109,362

$
22,418

Fixed weighted average interest rate from the Company to counterparty
4.72
%
5.66
%
Floating weighted average interest rate from counterparty to the Company
3.83
%
3.45
%
Weighted average remaining term to maturity (in months)
100

47

Fair value:
 
 
Recognized as an asset
$
2,676

$
825

Recognized as a liability
$
2,714

$
856

Stockholders' Equity and Dividends
The Company's total stockholders' equity was $640.8 million at December 31, 2014, a $26.9 million increase compared to $613.9 million at December 31, 2013. The increase primarily reflects net income attributable to the Company of $42.8 million for the year ended December 31, 2014, a decrease in accumulated other comprehensive loss of $6.3 million, an increase of $1.7 million related to share-based compensation, partially offset by dividends paid of $23.9 million in that same period. The decrease in accumulated other comprehensive loss was caused by unrealized gains on investment securities available-for-sale of $6.6 million (after-tax) in 2014.
For the year ended December 31, 2014, the dividend payout ratio was 55.8%, compared to 67.4% for the year ended December 31, 2013. The dividends paid in the fourth quarter of 2014 represented the Company's 63rd consecutive quarter of dividend payments, and the 51st consecutive quarter in which the Company paid a regular dividend of $0.085.
On October 29, 2014, the Company’s Board of Directors authorized a stock repurchase program to acquire up to $10.0 million of total outstanding shares of the Company's common stock over a period of fourteen months ending on December 31, 2015.
Stockholders' equity represented 11.0% of total assets at December 31, 2014 and 11.5% of total assets at December 31, 2013. Tangible stockholders' equity (total stockholders' equity less goodwill and identified intangible assets, net) represented 8.7% of tangible assets (total assets less goodwill and identified intangible assets, net) at December 31, 2014 and 8.9% at December 31, 2013.
Results of Operations
The primary drivers of the Company's net income are net interest income, which is strongly affected by the net yield on and growth of interest-earning assets and liabilities ("net interest margin"), the quality of the Company's assets, its levels of non-interest income and non-interest expense, and its tax provision.
The Company's net interest income represents the difference between interest income earned on its investments, loans and leases, and its cost of funds. Interest income depends on the amount of interest-earning assets outstanding during the period and the yield earned thereon. Cost of funds is a function of the average amount of deposits and borrowed money outstanding during the year and the interest rates paid thereon. The net interest margin is calculated by dividing net interest income by average interest-earning assets. Net interest spread is the difference between the average rate earned on interest-earning assets

55

and the average rate paid on interest-bearing liabilities. The increases (decreases) in the components of interest income and interest expense, expressed in terms of fluctuation in average volume and rate, are summarized under "Rate/Volume Analysis" on page 58. Information as to the components of interest income, interest expense and average rates is provided under "Average Balances, Net Interest Income, Interest-Rate Spread and Net Interest Margin" on page 56.
Because the Company's assets and liabilities are not identical in duration and in repricing dates, the differential between the two is vulnerable to changes in market interest rates as well as the overall shape of the yield curve. These vulnerabilities are inherent to the business of banking and are commonly referred to as "interest-rate risk." How interest-rate risk is measured and, once measured, how much interest-rate risk is taken are based on numerous assumptions and other subjective judgments. See the discussion in the "Measuring Interest-Rate Risk" section of Item 7A, "Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk," on page 71.
The quality of the Company's assets also influences its earnings. Loans and leases that are not paid on a timely basis and exhibit other weaknesses can result in the loss of principal and/or interest income. Additionally, the Company must make timely provisions to the allowance for loan and lease losses based on estimates of probable losses inherent in the loan and lease portfolio. These additions, which are charged against earnings, are necessarily greater when greater probable losses are expected. Further, the Company incurs expenses as a result of resolving troubled assets. These variables reflect the "credit risk" that the Company takes on in the ordinary course of business and are further discussed under "Financial Condition—Asset Quality" on pages 37.
Average Balances, Net Interest Income, Interest-Rate Spread and Net Interest Margin
The following table sets forth information about the Company's average balances, interest income and interest rates earned on average interest-earning assets, interest expense and interest rates paid on average interest-bearing liabilities, interest-rate spread and net interest margin for the years ended December 31, 2014, 2013 and 2012. Average balances are derived from daily average balances and yields include fees, costs and purchase-accounting-related premiums and discounts which are considered adjustments to coupon yields in accordance with GAAP. Certain amounts previously reported have been reclassified to conform to the current presentation.

56

 
Year Ended December 31,
 
2014
 
2013
 
2012
 
Average
Balance
 
Interest (1)
 
Average
Yield/
Cost
 
Average
Balance
 
Interest (1)
 
Average
Yield/
Cost
 
Average
Balance
 
Interest (1)
 
Average
Yield/
Cost
 
(Dollars in Thousands)
Assets:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Interest-earning assets:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Debt securities
$
519,861

 
$
9,531

 
1.83
%
 
$
477,318

 
$
7,983

 
1.67
%
 
$
449,694

 
$
8,606

 
1.91
%
Marketable and restricted equity securities
71,210

 
2,307

 
3.24
%
 
67,375

 
1,405

 
2.09
%
 
58,354

 
824

 
1.41
%
Short-term investments
45,560

 
102

 
0.22
%
 
62,258

 
111

 
0.18
%
 
95,173

 
209

 
0.22
%
Total investments
636,631

 
11,940

 
1.88
%
 
606,951

 
9,499

 
1.57
%
 
603,221

 
9,639

 
1.60
%
Commercial real estate loans (2)
2,324,934

 
103,324

 
4.42
%
 
2,091,860

 
98,245

 
4.67
%
 
1,910,320

 
94,521

 
4.97
%
Commercial loans (2)
522,208

 
21,341

 
4.04
%
 
435,184

 
20,580

 
4.68
%
 
370,366

 
19,471

 
5.26
%
Equipment financing (2)
554,240

 
39,807

 
7.18
%
 
452,601

 
31,076

 
6.87
%
 
394,845

 
32,027

 
8.11
%
Indirect automobile loans (2)
366,217

 
11,812

 
3.23
%
 
475,387

 
17,355

 
3.65
%
 
573,398

 
23,641

 
4.12
%
Residential mortgage loans (2)
551,481

 
19,957

 
3.62
%
 
511,348

 
19,926

 
3.90
%
 
501,660

 
21,998

 
4.39
%
Other consumer loans (2)
280,663

 
11,189

 
3.98
%
 
263,955

 
10,624

 
4.02
%
 
269,725

 
12,299

 
4.56
%
Total loans and leases
4,599,743

 
207,430

 
4.49
%
 
4,230,335

 
197,806

 
4.66
%
 
4,020,314

 
203,957

 
5.08
%
Total interest-earning assets
5,236,374

 
219,370

 
4.17
%
 
4,837,286

 
207,305

 
4.27
%
 
4,623,535

 
213,596

 
4.62
%
Allowance for loan and lease losses
(54,480
)
 
 
 
 
 
(44,008
)
 
 
 
 
 
(38,073
)
 
 
 
 
Non-interest-earning assets
370,500

 
 
 
 
 
380,724

 
 
 
 
 
407,330

 
 
 
 
Total assets
$
5,552,394

 
 
 
 
 
$
5,174,002

 
 
 
 
 
$
4,992,792

 
 
 
 
Liabilities and Stockholders' Equity:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Interest-bearing liabilities:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Interest-bearing deposits:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
NOW accounts
$
212,402

 
171

 
0.08
%
 
$
198,050

 
173

 
0.09
%
 
$
183,046

 
209

 
0.11
%
Savings accounts
518,741

 
1,197

 
0.23
%
 
509,436

 
1,288

 
0.25
%
 
517,485

 
1,726

 
0.33
%
Money market accounts
1,526,915

 
7,846

 
0.51
%
 
1,370,195

 
8,220

 
0.60
%
 
1,203,113

 
8,773

 
0.73
%
Certificate of deposit
911,072

 
7,846

 
0.86
%
 
971,044

 
9,092

 
0.94
%
 
1,055,510

 
10,724

 
1.02
%
Total interest-bearing deposits (3)
3,169,130

 
17,060

 
0.54
%
 
3,048,725

 
18,773

 
0.62
%
 
2,959,154

 
21,432

 
0.72
%
Advances from the FHLBB
935,400

 
10,535

 
1.13
%
 
759,640

 
10,886

 
1.43
%
 
732,457

 
13,710

 
1.87
%
Subordinated debentures and notes
30,766

 
1,740

 
5.66
%
 
9,548

 
439

 
4.60
%
 
12,367

 
579

 
4.68
%
Other borrowed funds
28,568

 
79

 
0.28
%
 
38,819

 
68

 
0.18
%
 
48,130

 
111

 
0.23
%
Total borrowed funds
994,734

 
12,354

 
1.24
%
 
808,007

 
11,393

 
1.41
%
 
792,954

 
14,400

 
1.82
%
Total interest-bearing liabilities
4,163,864

 
29,414

 
0.71
%
 
3,856,732

 
30,166

 
0.78
%
 
3,752,108

 
35,832

 
0.95
%
Non-interest-bearing liabilities:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Non-interest-bearing demand checking accounts (3)
708,790

 
 

 
 

 
656,724

 
 

 
 

 
562,238

 
 

 
 

Other non-interest-bearing liabilities
48,378

 
 

 
 

 
40,574

 
 

 
 

 
68,055

 
 

 
 

Total liabilities
4,921,032

 
 

 
 

 
4,554,030

 
 

 
 

 
4,382,401

 
 

 
 

Brookline Bancorp, Inc. stockholders' equity
630,136

 
 

 
 

 
616,243

 
 

 
 

 
606,661

 
 

 
 

Noncontrolling interest in subsidiary
4,226

 
 

 
 

 
3,729

 
 

 
 

 
3,730

 
 

 
 

Total liabilities and equity
$
5,555,394

 
 

 
 

 
$
5,174,002

 
 

 
 

 
$
4,992,792

 
 

 
 

Net interest income (tax-equivalent basis) / Interest-rate spread (4)
 

 
189,956

 
3.46
%
 
 

 
177,139

 
3.49
%
 
 

 
177,764

 
3.67
%
Less adjustment of tax-exempt income
 

 
888

 
 

 
 

 
921

 
 

 
 

 
396

 
 

Net interest income
 

 
$
189,068

 
 

 
 

 
$
176,218

 
 

 
 

 
$
177,368

 
 

Net interest margin (5)
 

 
 

 
3.61
%
 
 

 
 

 
3.64
%
 
 

 
 

 
3.85
%

(1)
Tax-exempt income on debt securities, equity securities and revenue bonds included in commercial real estate loans is included on a tax-equivalent basis.
(2)
Loans on nonaccrual status are included in the average balances.
(3)
Including non-interest-bearing checking accounts, the average interest rate on total deposits was 0.44%, 0.51% and 0.61% in the years ended December 31, 2014, 2013 and 2012, respectively.
(4)
Interest-rate spread represents the difference between the yield on interest-earning assets and the cost of interest-bearing liabilities.
(5)
Net interest margin represents net interest income (tax equivalent basis) divided by average interest-earning assets.

57

See "Comparison of Years Ended December 31, 2014 and December 31, 2013" and "Comparison of Years Ended December 31, 2013 and December 31, 2012" below for a discussion of average assets and liabilities, net interest income, interest-rate spread and net interest margin.
Rate/Volume Analysis
The following table presents, on a tax-equivalent basis, the extent to which changes in interest rates and changes in volume of interest-earning assets and interest-bearing liabilities have affected the Company's interest income and interest expense during the periods indicated. Information is provided in each category with respect to: (i) changes attributable to changes in volume (changes in volume multiplied by prior rate), (ii) changes attributable to changes in rate (changes in rate multiplied by prior volume), and (iii) the net change. The changes attributable to the combined impact of volume and rate have been allocated proportionately to the changes due to volume and the changes due to rate.

58

 
Year Ended 
 December 31, 2014 
 Compared to Year Ended 
 December 31, 2013
 
Year Ended 
 December 31, 2013 
 Compared to Year Ended 
 December 31, 2012
 
Increase
(Decrease) Due To
 
 
 
Increase
(Decrease) Due To
 
 
 
Volume
 
Rate
 
Net Change
 
Volume
 
Rate
 
Net Change
 
(In Thousands)
Interest and dividend income:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Investments:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Debt securities
$
746

 
$
802

 
1,548

 
$
508

 
$
(1,131
)
 
$
(623
)
Marketable and restricted equity securities
85

 
817

 
902

 
143

 
438

 
581

Short-term investments
(32
)
 
23

 
(9
)
 
(64
)
 
(34
)
 
(98
)
Total investments
799

 
1,642

 
2,441

 
587

 
(727
)
 
(140
)
Loans and leases:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Commercial real estate loans
10,496

 
(5,417
)
 
5,079

 
9,306

 
(5,582
)
 
3,724

Commercial loans and leases
3,760

 
(2,999
)
 
761

 
3,318

 
(2,209
)
 
1,109

Equipment financing
7,270

 
1,461

 
8,731

 
4,340

 
(5,291
)
 
(951
)
Indirect automobile loans
(3,693
)
 
(1,850
)
 
(5,543
)
 
(3,767
)
 
(2,519
)
 
(6,286
)
Residential mortgage loans
1,512

 
(1,481
)
 
31

 
419

 
(2,491
)
 
(2,072
)
Other consumer loans
671

 
(106
)
 
565

 
(258
)
 
(1,417
)
 
(1,675
)
Total loans
20,016

 
(10,392
)
 
9,624

 
13,358

 
(19,509
)
 
(6,151
)
Total change in interest and dividend income
20,815

 
(8,750
)
 
12,065

 
13,945

 
(20,236
)
 
(6,291
)
Interest expense:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Deposits:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
NOW accounts
15

 
(17
)
 
(2
)
 
16

 
(52
)
 
(36
)
Savings accounts
21

 
(112
)
 
(91
)
 
(27
)
 
(411
)
 
(438
)
Money market accounts
905

 
(1,279
)
 
(374
)
 
1,125

 
(1,678
)
 
(553
)
Certificate of deposit
(524
)
 
(722
)
 
(1,246
)
 
(827
)
 
(805
)
 
(1,632
)
Total deposits
417

 
(2,130
)
 
(1,713
)
 
287

 
(2,946
)
 
(2,659
)
Borrowed funds:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Advances from the FHLBB
2,206

 
(2,557
)
 
(351
)
 
494

 
(3,318
)
 
(2,824
)
Subordinated debentures and notes
1,179

 
122

 
1,301

 
(130
)
 
(10
)
 
(140
)
Other borrowed funds
(21
)
 
32

 
11

 
(20
)
 
(23
)
 
(43
)
Total borrowed funds
3,364

 
(2,403
)
 
961

 
344

 
(3,351
)
 
(3,007
)
Total change in interest expense
3,781

 
(4,533
)
 
(752
)
 
631

 
(6,297
)
 
(5,666
)
Change in tax-exempt income
—

 
33

 
33

 
—

 
(525
)
 
(525
)
Change in net interest income
$
17,034

 
$
(4,184
)
 
$
12,850

 
$
13,314

 
$
(14,464
)
 
$
(1,150
)
See "Comparison of Years Ended December 31, 2014 and December 31, 2013" and "Comparison of Years Ended December 31, 2013 and December 31, 2012" below for a discussion of changes in interest income, interest-rate spread and net interest margin resulting from changes in rates and volumes.

59

Comparison of Years Ended December 31, 2014 and December 31, 2013
Net Interest Income
Net interest income increased $12.9 million in to $189.1 million for the year ended December 31, 2014 from $176.2 million for the year ended December 31, 2013. The increase year over year reflects a $9.7 million increase in interest income on loans and leases, a $1.6 million increase in interest income on debt securities and lower interest expense on deposit and borrowings of $0.8 million which is reflective of the various portfolios repricing and replacing balances into the current low interest rate environment.
Net interest margin decreased by 3 basis points, to 3.61% in 2014 from 3.64% in 2013. Competitive pressures on loan pricing resulted in decreases in the Company's weighted average interest rate on loans (prior to purchase accounting adjustments) to 4.49% for the year ended December 31, 2014 from 4.66% for the year ended December 31, 2013. Interest amortization and accretion on acquired loans totaled $8.4 million and contributed 16 basis points to 2014 loan yields, compared to $4.7 million and 10 basis points in 2013, primarily due to changes in expected cash flows.
The decrease in asset yields was mitigated by the decrease in the total cost of interest-bearing liabilities of 7 basis points to 0.71% in 2014 from 0.78% in 2013. The Company's reduction in replacement rates on FHLB borrowings and the offered rates on a variety of deposit products contributed significantly to the reduction in the cost of interest-bearing liabilities. The cost of interest-bearing deposits decreased 8 basis points to 0.54% in 2014 from 0.62% in 2013 as customers continued to shift from certificates of deposits into non-maturity deposit products. Interest amortization and accretion on purchase accounting marks on borrowed funds and certificates of deposits totaled $3.1 million and contributed 5 basis points to the 2014 net interest margin compared to $3.8 million and 8 basis points in 2013.
Future net interest income, net interest spread and net interest margin may continue to be negatively affected by the low interest-rate environment, ongoing pricing pressures in both loan and deposit portfolios, and the ability of the Company to increase its core deposit ratio, increase its non-interest-bearing deposits as a percentage of total deposits, decrease its loan-to-deposit ratio, or decrease its reliance on FHLBB advances. It may also be negatively affected by changes in the amount of purchase accounting accretion and amortization included in interest income and interest expense.
Interest Income—Loans and Leases
 
Year Ended
December 31,
 
Dollar
Change
 
Percent
Change
 
2014
 
2013
 
 
 
(Dollars in Thousands)
Interest income—loans and leases:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Commercial real estate loans
$
102,852

 
$
97,550

 
$
5,302

 
5.4
 %
Commercial loans
21,164

 
20,567

 
597

 
2.9
 %
Equipment financing
39,807

 
31,076

 
8,731

 
28.1
 %
Indirect automobile loans
11,812

 
17,355

 
(5,543
)
 
(31.9
)%
Residential mortgage loans
19,957

 
19,926

 
31

 
0.2
 %
Other consumer loans
11,189

 
10,624

 
565

 
5.3
 %
Total interest income—loans and leases
$
206,781

 
$
197,098

 
$
9,683

 
4.9
 %
Except for equipment financing, declines in the yields on all portfolios reflect the high rate of loan refinancings in a low rate environment and the intense pricing competition which affected the Company’s lending markets.
Interest income from loans and leases was $206.8 million for 2014, and represented a yield on total loans of 4.49%. This compares to $197.1 million of interest on loans and a yield of 4.66% for 2013. This $9.7 million increase in interest income from loans and leases was attributable to an increase of $20.0 million due to origination volume, offset by a decrease of $10.4 million due to the lower rate environment in 2014. The $5.5 million decrease in interest income from the indirect automobile portfolio reflected a run off of the indirect automobile loans and the shift to a higher yielding portfolio mix.
Accretion on acquired loans and leases of $8.4 million contributed 16 basis points to net interest margin for the year ended December 31, 2014, compared to $4.7 million and 10 basis points for the year ended December 31, 2013. This increase was due to a reforecast of certain acquired loans in the equipment financing portfolio and improved credit quality and expected cash flows on certain acquired commercial real estate loans and leases.
Interest Income—Investments

60

 
Year Ended
December 31,
 
Dollar
Change
 
Percent
Change
 
2014
 
2013
 
 
 
(Dollars in Thousands)
Interest income—investments:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Debt securities
$
9,527

 
$
7,963

 
$
1,564

 
19.6
 %
Marketable and restricted equity securities
2,072

 
1,212

 
860

 
71.0
 %
Short-term investments
102

 
111

 
(9
)
 
(8.1
)%
Total interest income—investments
$
11,701

 
$
9,286

 
$
2,415

 
26.0
 %
Total investment income was $11.7 million for 2014 compared to $9.3 million for 2013. This increase in total investment income of $2.4 million, or 26.0%, was driven by a $1.6 million increase due to rates and a $0.8 million increase due to volume. The yield on total investments was 1.88% for 2014 as compared to 1.57% for 2013.
Interest Expense—Deposits and Borrowed Funds
 
Year Ended
December 31,
 
Dollar
Change
 
Percent
Change
 
2014
 
2013
 
 
 
(Dollars in Thousands)
Interest expense:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Deposits:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
NOW accounts
$
171

 
$
173

 
$
(2
)
 
(1.2
)%
Savings accounts
1,197

 
1,288

 
(91
)
 
(7.1
)%
Money market accounts
7,846

 
8,220

 
(374
)
 
(4.5
)%
Certificate of deposit
7,846

 
9,092

 
(1,246
)
 
(13.7
)%
Total interest expense—deposits
17,060

 
18,773

 
(1,713
)
 
(9.1
)%
Borrowed funds:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Advances from the FHLBB
10,535

 
10,886

 
(351
)
 
(3.2
)%
Subordinated debentures and notes
1,740

 
439

 
1,301

 
296.4
 %
Other borrowed funds
79

 
68

 
11

 
16.2
 %
Total interest expense—borrowed funds
12,354

 
11,393

 
961

 
8.4
 %
Total interest expense
$
29,414

 
$
30,166

 
$
(752
)
 
(2.5
)%
Deposits
Ongoing declines in the interest rates paid on deposits and continued declines in certificate of deposit balances as a
percentage of total deposits contributed to reductions in the Company’s overall cost of deposits.
Interest paid on deposits decreased $1.7 million, or 9.1%, in 2014 as compared to 2013. Interest expense increased $0.4 million due to the growth in deposits, offset by a $2.1 million decrease in deposit-related interest expense resulting from decreases in interest rates. Accretion on acquired deposits was $0.2 million for the year ended December 31, 2014. Accretion had no impact on the Company's net interest margin during the same period. While interest-bearing deposit balances increased during this period, the increases in interest expense on deposits due to volume were offset by decreases in interest expense due to deposit offering rates.
The growth in interest-bearing deposit average balances of $120.4 million, or 3.9%, during 2014 was attributable to increases in money market accounts, NOW accounts and savings accounts of $156.7 million, or 11.4%; $14.4 million, or 7.2% and $9.3 million, or 1.8%, respectively, offset by a decline in certificate of deposit of $60.0 million, or 6.2%. The Company's reduction in rates offered on certificate of deposit contributed significantly to the reduction in the cost of interest-bearing deposits to 0.54% in 2014 from 0.62% in 2013.

61

Borrowed Funds
Included in the Company's borrowed funds at December 31, 2014 were $1.0 billion in FHLBB advances, $9.2 million in subordinated debt acquired in the BankRI acquisition, $73.5 million in newly issued subordinated debt and $39.6 million in repurchase agreements. The average balance of FHLBB advances increased $175.8 million, or 23.1%, In 2014, average balance of subordinated debentures and notes increased $21.2 million, or 222.2%, while other borrowed funds, which include repurchase agreements, decreased $10.3 million, or 26.4% in 2014.
Interest paid on borrowed funds increased $1.0 million, or 8.4%, in 2014 compared to 2013. The increase was primarily due to the new subordinated notes issued during the third quarter of 2014. Decreases in borrowing rates from 1.41% in 2013 to 1.24% in 2014 resulted in a reduction in debt-related interest expenses of $2.4 million, which was offset by an increase in interest expense due to increases in 2014 debt levels of $3.4 million. The decrease in the cost of borrowed funds was driven by maturing borrowings being replaced at lower costs in the current low rate environment. Interest amortization and accretion on acquired borrowed funds totaled $2.8 million and contributed 5 basis points to the 2014 net interest margin. This compares to $3.4 million and 7 basis points in 2013.
Provision for Credit Losses
The provisions for credit losses are set forth below:
 
Originated
 
Acquired
 
Total
 
Year Ended
December 31,
 
Year Ended
December 31,
 
Year Ended
December 31,
 
2014
 
2013
 
2014
 
2013
 
2014
 
2013
 
(In Thousands)
Provision for loan and lease losses:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Commercial real estate
$
5,009

 
$
2,563

 
$
1,689

 
$
516

 
$
6,698

 
$
3,079

Commercial
2,030

 
4,917

 
413

 
1,068

 
2,443

 
5,985

Indirect automobile
(864
)
 
(167
)
 
—

 
—

 
(864
)
 
(167
)
Consumer
417

 
286

 
59

 
1,190

 
476

 
1,476

Unallocated
(514
)
 
302

 
—

 
—

 
(514
)
 
302

Total provision for loan and lease losses
6,078

 
7,901

 
2,161

 
2,774

 
8,239

 
10,675

Unfunded credit commitments
238

 
254

 
—

 
—

 
238

 
254

Total provision for credit losses
$
6,316

 
$
8,155

 
$
2,161

 
$
2,774

 
$
8,477

 
$
10,929

The provision for credit losses in 2014 and 2013 was $8.5 million and $10.9 million, respectively. The provision of loan and lease losses decreased approximately $2.5 million in 2014 compared to 2013 primarily due to the continued favorable trends in the credit characteristics of the commercial construction, equipment financing and indirect automobile portfolios. The decrease was partially offset by additional reserves required for loan growth in the originated portfolios and credit deterioration in the acquired portfolios during the year. See management's discussion in "Allowances for Credit Losses—Allowance for Loan and Lease Losses" and Note 7, "Allowance for Loan and Lease Losses," to the consolidated financial statements for a description of how management determined the allowance for loan and lease losses for each portfolio and class of loans.
The liability for unfunded credit commitments, which is included in other liabilities, was $1.3 million at December 31, 2014 and $1.0 million at December 31, 2013. During the year ended December 31, 2014, the liability for unfunded credit commitments increased by $0.3 million to reflect changes in the estimate of loss exposure associated with certain unfunded credit commitments, increasing the provision for credit losses by the same amount in 2014. No credit commitments were charged off against the liability account in the years ended December 31, 2014 or 2013.

62

Non-Interest Income
The following table sets forth the components of non-interest income:
 
Year Ended
December 31,
 
Dollar
Change
 
Percent
Change
 
2014
 
2013
 
 
 
(Dollars in Thousands)
Deposit fees
$
8,692

 
$
8,172

 
$
520

 
6.4
 %
Loan fees
2,070

 
1,601

 
469

 
29.3
 %
Loss from investments in affordable housing projects
(2,060
)
 
(1,812
)
 
(248
)
 
13.7
 %
Gain on sales of loans and leases held-for-sale
1,517

 
608

 
909

 
149.5
 %
Gain on sales of securities, net
65

 
397

 
(332
)
 
(83.6
)%
Gain on sale/disposals of premises and equipment, net
1,502

 
—

 
1,502

 
—
 %
Other
6,359

 
4,863

 
1,496

 
30.8
 %
Total non-interest income
$
18,145

 
$
13,829

 
$
4,316

 
31.2
 %
Non-interest income for 2014 increased $4.3 million, or 31.2%, to $18.1 million from $13.8 million for 2013. The increase was primarily due to increases in gain on sale/disposals of premises and equipment, other income and gain on sales of loans and leases held-for-sale.
Included in 2014 was a net gain on sale/disposals of premises and equipment of $1.5 million. There was no gain on sale/disposal of premises and equipment in 2013.
Other income increased $1.5 million to $6.4 million for the year ended December 31, 2014 from $4.9 million for the year ended December 31, 2013. The increase was due to a $1.4 million legal settlement the Company received from an insurance carrier in relation to a litigation in 2014.
Gain on sale of loans and leases held-for-sale increased $0.9 million to $1.5 million for the year ended December 31, 2014 from $0.6 million for the year ended December 31, 2013. This was primarily due to the immediate recognition of fees associated with loan participations in 2014.
Loan fees increased $0.5 million to $2.1 million for the year ended December 31, 2014 from $1.6 million for the year ended December 31, 2013. This was primarily due to new interest rate swaps in 2014.
Non-Interest Expense
The following table sets forth the components of non-interest expense:
 
Year Ended
December 31,
 
Dollar
Change
 
Percent
Change
 
2014
 
2013
 
 
 
(Dollars in Thousands)
Compensation and employee benefits
$
71,801

 
$
65,261

 
$
6,540

 
10.0
 %
Occupancy
14,294

 
12,616

 
1,678

 
13.3
 %
Equipment and data processing
17,020

 
16,899

 
121

 
0.7
 %
Professional services
5,382

 
5,695

 
(313
)
 
(5.5
)%
FDIC insurance
3,362

 
3,102

 
260

 
8.4
 %
Advertising and marketing
3,058

 
3,003

 
55

 
1.8
 %
Amortization of identified intangible assets
3,343

 
4,623

 
(1,280
)
 
(27.7
)%
Other
10,925

 
11,265

 
(340
)
 
(3.0
)%
Total non-interest expense
$
129,185

 
$
122,464

 
$
6,721

 
5.5
 %
Non-interest expense for 2014 increased 5.5% to $129.2 million, primarily due to increases in compensation and employee benefits expenses. The efficiency ratio decreased to 62.34% for the year ended December 31, 2014 from 64.44% for the year ended December 31, 2013. Efficiency ratio improved because increases in non-interest expense were outpaced by increases in net interest income and non-interest income.

63

Compensation and employee benefits expense increased $6.5 million, or 10.0%. Several factors contributed to the increase. The Company recorded an additional $3.6 million in incentive plan expenses in 2014. Supplemental Employee Retirement Plan expenses increased $1.3 million due to a decrease in the discount rate. Additionally, the Company suspended the indirect automobile lending line of business during the fourth quarter of 2014 and recognized a $0.2 million severance charge related to the origination staff. There were also increases in overall compensation and employee benefits expense for additional staffing for the opening of the Wakefield, RI, branch of BankRI during the second quarter of 2014 and to support the growth in equipment financing.
Occupancy cost increased $1.7 million, or 13.3%, compared to 2013. The increase was primarily due to additional expenses associated with the newly opened branch in Wakefield, RI, as well as the recognition of future lease obligation associated with the consolidation of an operations center, offices for indirect automobile operations and two discontinued branch properties.
The increases in occupancy cost were offset by decreases in amortization of identified intangible assets due to the accelerated method of amortization for certain intangible assets and that several intangible assets that were fully amortized at December 31, 2013.
Provision for Income Taxes
 
Year Ended
December 31,
 
Dollar
Change
 
Percent
Change
 
2014
 
2013
 
 
 
(Dollars in Thousands)
Income before provision for income taxes
$
69,551

 
$
56,654

 
$
12,897

 
22.8
%
Provision for income taxes
24,749

 
19,481

 
5,268

 
27.0
%
Net income
$
44,802

 
$
37,173

 
$
7,629

 
20.5
%
Effective tax rate
35.6
%
 
34.4
%
 
N/A

 
3.5
%
The Company recorded income tax expense of $24.7 million for 2014, compared to $19.5 million for 2013. This represented total effective tax rates of 35.6% and 34.4%, respectively. The increase in the effective tax rate was primarily attributable to the tax credit received in 2013 from the 2013 rehabilitation of the Company's headquarters.
Comparison of Years Ended December 31, 2013 and December 31, 2012
Net Interest Income
Net interest income decreased $1.2 million in 2013 compared to 2012. The decrease year over year reflects $6.6 million less interest income on loans and leases mitigated by lower interest expense on deposit and borrowings of $5.7 million which is reflective of the various portfolios repricing and replacing balances into the current low interest rate environment.
    
Net interest margin decreased by 21 basis points, to 3.64% in 2013 from 3.85% in 2012. Competitive pressures on loan pricing resulted in decreases in the Company's weighted average interest rate on loans (prior to purchase accounting adjustments) to 4.66% for the year ended December 31, 2013 from 5.08% for the year ended December 31, 2012. Interest amortization and accretion on acquired loans totaled $4.7 million and contributed 10 basis points to 2013 loan yields, compared to $6.7 million and 17 basis points in 2012, primarily due to changes in expected cash flows.

The decrease in asset yields was mitigated by the decrease in the total cost of interest-bearing liabilities to 0.78% in 2013 from 0.95% in 2012. The Company's reduction in replacement rates on FHLB borrowings and the offered rates on a variety of deposit products contributed significantly to the reduction in the cost of interest-bearing liabilities. The cost of interest-bearing deposits decreased to 0.62% in 2013 from 0.72% in 2012 as customers continued to shift from certificates of deposits into non-maturity deposit products. Interest amortization and accretion on purchase accounting marks on borrowed funds and certificates of deposits totaled $5.0 million and contributed 8 basis points to the 2013 net interest margin.

Future net interest income, net interest spread and net interest margin may continue to be negatively affected by the low interest-rate environment, ongoing pricing pressures in both loan and deposit portfolios, and the ability of the Company to increase its core deposit ratio, increase its non-interest-bearing deposits as a percentage of total deposits, decrease its loan-to-deposit ratio, or decrease its reliance on FHLBB advances. It may also be negatively affected by changes in the amount of purchase accounting accretion and amortization included in interest income and interest expense.
Interest Income—Loans and Leases

64

 
Year Ended
December 31,
 
Dollar
Change
 
Percent
Change
 
2013
 
2012
 
 
 
(Dollars in Thousands)
Interest income—loans:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Commercial real estate loans
$
97,550

 
$
94,427

 
$
3,123

 
3.3
 %
Commercial loans
20,567

 
19,318

 
1,249

 
6.5
 %
Equipment financing
31,076

 
32,027

 
(951
)
 
(3.0
)%
Indirect automobile loans
17,355

 
23,641

 
(6,286
)
 
(26.6
)%
Residential mortgage loans
19,926

 
21,998

 
(2,072
)
 
(9.4
)%
Other consumer loans
10,624

 
12,300

 
(1,676
)
 
(13.6
)%
Total interest income—loans
$
197,098

 
$
203,711

 
$
(6,613
)
 
(3.2
)%

Interest income from loans was $197.1 million for 2013, and represented a yield on total loans of 4.66%. This compares to $203.7 million of interest on loans and a yield of 5.08% for 2012. This decrease in interest income in loans and leases was most notable in the indirect automobile portfolio, where the interest income decreased to $17.4 million in 2013 from $23.6 million in 2012, reflecting a run off of the indirect automobile loans and the shift to a higher yielding portfolio mix.

Declines in the yields on all loans categories reflect the high rate of 2013 loan refinancings and the intense pricing competition which affected the Company's lending markets.

On an overall basis, the decline in interest income on loans was primarily driven by a decrease of $19.5 million due to the lower rate environment in 2013, offset by increases of $13.4 million in interest income on loans due to increases in average loans outstanding. Interest income increased as a result of the growth in the average balance of loans of $210.0 million or 5.2%, result of growth in all of the lending portfolios except for the indirect automobile and other consumer loan portfolios.
Interest Income—Investments
 
Year Ended
December 31,
 
Dollar
Change
 
Percent
Change
 
2013
 
2012
 
 
 
(Dollars in Thousands)
Interest income—investments:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Debt securities
$
7,963

 
$
8,551

 
$
(588
)
 
(6.9
)%
Marketable and restricted equity securities
1,212

 
730

 
482

 
66.0
 %
Short-term investments
111

 
208

 
(97
)
 
(46.6
)%
Total interest income—investments
$
9,286

 
$
9,489

 
$
(203
)
 
(2.1
)%
Total investment income (consisting of interest on short-term investments, investment securities available-for-sale and restricted equity securities) was $9.3 million for 2013 compared to $9.5 million for 2012. This decrease in total investment income of $0.2 million, or 2.1%, was attributable to replacement of maturing cashflow into the current low rate environment. The yield on total investments was 1.57% for 2013 as compared to 1.60% for 2012. The decrease in yield on investments from 2012 to 2013 reflects the paydown of higher-coupon MBSs and CMOs which were replaced by similar but lower-yielding investment securities.

65

Interest Expense—Deposits and Borrowed Funds
 
Year Ended
December 31,
 
Dollar
Change
 
Percent
Change
 
2013
 
2012
 
 
 
(Dollars in Thousands)
Interest expense:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Deposits:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
NOW accounts
$
173

 
$
209

 
$
(36
)
 
(17.2
)%
Savings accounts
1,288

 
1,726

 
(438
)
 
(25.4
)%
Money market accounts
8,220

 
8,773

 
(553
)
 
(6.3
)%
Certificates of deposit
9,092

 
10,724

 
(1,632
)
 
(15.2
)%
Total interest expense—deposits
18,773

 
21,432

 
(2,659
)
 
(12.4
)%
Borrowed funds:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Advances from the FHLBB
10,886

 
13,710

 
(2,824
)
 
(20.6
)%
Subordinated debentures and notes
439

 
579

 
(140
)
 
(24.2
)%
Other borrowed funds
68

 
111

 
(43
)
 
(38.7
)%
Total interest expense—borrowed funds
11,393

 
14,400

 
(3,007
)
 
(20.9
)%
Total interest expense
$
30,166

 
$
35,832

 
$
(5,666
)
 
(15.8
)%
Deposits
Interest paid on deposits decreased by $2.7 million or 12.4% in 2013 as compared to 2012. Interest expense increased $0.2 million due to the growth in deposits, offset by a $2.9 million decrease in deposit-related interest expense resulting from decreases in interest rates. To this end, the growth in interest-bearing deposit average balances of $89.6 million, or 3.0%, during 2013 was attributable to money market accounts (average balance up $167.1 million, or 13.9%), and NOW accounts (average balance up $15.0 million, or 8.2%), offset by a decline in certificates of deposit (average balance down $84.5 million, or 8.0%) and savings accounts (average balance down $8.0 million, or 1.6%). The Company's reduction in rates offered on certificates of deposit contributed significantly to the reduction in the cost of interest-bearing deposits to 0.62% in 2013 from 0.72% in 2012.
Borrowed Funds
Interest paid on borrowed funds decreased by $3.0 million, or 20.9% in 2013 as compared to 2012. Decreases in borrowing rates in 2013 resulted in a reduction in debt-related interest expense of $3.4 million, which was offset by an increase in interest expense due to increases in 2013 debt levels of $0.4 million.
Included in the Company's borrowed funds at December 31, 2013 were $34.6 million in repurchase agreements and $9.2 million in subordinated debt acquired in the BankRI acquisition. The average balance of FHLBB advances increased $27.2 million, or 3.7%, in 2013, while other borrowed funds, which include repurchase agreements and subordinated debt, decreased $12.1 million, or 20.1%, in 2013. Overall, the cost of borrowed funds decreased 41 basis points in 2013 to 1.41%, compared to 1.82% in 2012 driven by maturing borrowings being replaced at lower costs in the current low rate environment.

66

Provision for Credit Losses
 
Originated
 
Acquired
 
Total
 
Year Ended
December 31,
 
Year Ended
December 31,
 
Year Ended
December 31,
 
2013
 
2012
 
2013
 
2012
 
2013
 
2012
 
(In Thousands)
Provision for loan and lease losses:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Commercial real estate
$
2,563

 
$
4,348

 
$
516

 
$
75

 
$
3,079

 
$
4,423

Commercial
4,917

 
9,513

 
1,068

 
75

 
5,985

 
9,588

Indirect automobile
(167
)
 
884

 
—

 
—

 
(167
)
 
884

Consumer
286

 
1,534

 
1,190

 
—

 
1,476

 
1,534

Unallocated
302

 
(418
)
 
—

 
—

 
302

 
(418
)
Total provision for loan and lease losses
7,901

 
15,861

 
2,774

 
150

 
10,675

 
16,011

Unfunded credit commitments
254

 
(123
)
 
—


—

 
254

 
(123
)
Total provision for credit losses
$
8,155

 
$
15,738

 
$
2,774

 
$
150

 
$
10,929

 
$
15,888


The provision for credit losses in 2013 and 2012 was $10.9 million and $15.9 million, respectively. Of the $5.0 million decrease in the provision for loan and lease losses in 2013 compared to 2012, $3.2 million was attributable to lower net charge offs of $3.4 million in 2013 compared to $6.6 million in 2012. Offsetting lower charge offs is an additional provision on acquired loans of $2.8 million in 2013 due to deterioration in projected cash flows from the date of acquisition. See management's discussion in "Allowances for Credit Losses—Allowance for Loan and Lease Losses" and Note 7, "Allowance for Loan and Lease Losses," to the consolidated financial statements for a description of how management determined the allowance for loan and lease losses for each portfolio and class of loans.
    
The liability for unfunded credit commitments, which is included in other liabilities, was $1.0 million at December 31, 2013 and $0.7 million at December 31, 2012. During the year ended December 31, 2013, the liability for unfunded credit commitments increased by $0.3 million to reflect changes in the estimate of loss exposure associated with certain unfunded credit commitments, increasing the provision for credit losses by the same amount in 2013. No credit commitments were charged off against the liability account in the years ended December 31, 2013 or 2012.
Non-Interest Income
The following table sets forth the components of non-interest income:
 
Year Ended
December 31,
 
Dollar
Change
 
Percent
Change
 
2013
 
2012
 
 
 
(Dollars in Thousands)
Deposit fees
$
8,172

 
$
8,224

 
$
(52
)
 
(0.6
)%
Loan fees
1,601

 
1,636

 
(35
)
 
(2.1
)%
Loss from investments in affordable housing projects
(1,812
)
 
(694
)
 
(1,118
)
 
161.1
 %
Gain on sales of loans and leases held-for-sale
608

 
5

 
603

 
12,060.0
 %
Gain on sales of securities, net
397

 
926

 
(529
)
 
(57.1
)%
Gain on sales of loan and leases
—

 
1,898

 
(1,898
)
 
(100.0
)%
Other
4,863

 
6,577

 
(1,714
)
 
(26.1
)%
Total non-interest income
$
13,829

 
$
18,572

 
$
(4,743
)
 
(25.5
)%
Non-interest income for 2013 decreased $4.8 million, or 25.5%, to $13.8 million from $18.6 million for 2013. The decrease was primarily due to decreases in gain on sale of loans and leases, other income and an increase in the loss from investments in affordable housing projects.
Included in 2012 was a gain on sale of loans and leases of $1.9 million. There was no gain on sale of loans and leases in 2013.

67

Other income decreased $1.7 million to $4.9 million for the year ended December 31, 2013 from $6.6 million for the year ended December 31, 2012.
Losses from investments in affordable housing increased $1.1 million to $1.8 million for the year ended December 31, 2013 from $0.7 million for the year ended December 31, 2012. These tax-induced losses were offset by an increase in related tax benefits of $0.3 million in 2013.
Non-Interest Expense
 
Year Ended
December 31,
 
Dollar
Change
 
Percent
Change
 
2013
 
2012
 
 
 
(Dollars in Thousands)
Compensation and employee benefits
$
65,261

 
$
58,830

 
$
6,431

 
10.9
 %
Occupancy
12,616

 
10,611

 
2,005

 
18.9
 %
Equipment and data processing
16,899

 
14,540

 
2,359

 
16.2
 %
Professional services
5,695

 
12,475

 
(6,780
)
 
(54.3
)%
FDIC insurance
3,102

 
4,212

 
(1,110
)
 
(26.4
)%
Advertising and marketing
3,003

 
2,984

 
19

 
0.6
 %
Amortization of identified intangible assets
4,623

 
5,622

 
(999
)
 
(17.8
)%
Other
11,265

 
11,068

 
197

 
1.8
 %
Total non-interest expense
$
122,464

 
$
120,342

 
$
2,122

 
1.8
 %

Non-interest expense for 2013 increased 1.7% to $122.5 million, largely due to additional staffing, branch expansions and system conversion related expenses.

Compensation and employee benefits increased $6.4 million, or 10.9%, largely due to an expansion of the workforce. Professional service fees decreased $6.8 million, or 54.3%, as the Company incurred less consulting related expenses. Equipment and data processing costs increased $2.4 million, or 16.2%, due to BankRI completing its conversion in early 2013 and occupancy costs increased $2.0 million, or 18.9%, compared to 2012 related to increased real estate expenses. Additionally, FDIC insurance costs decreased $1.1 million, or 26.4%, and amortization of identified intangible assets decreased $1.0 million or 17.8%.
Provision for income taxes
 
Year Ended
December 31,
 
Dollar
Change
 
Percent
Change
 
2013
 
2012
 
 
 
(Dollars in Thousands)
Income before provision for income taxes
$
56,654

 
$
59,710

 
$
(3,056
)
 
(5.1
)%
Provision for income taxes
19,481

 
21,341

 
(1,860
)
 
(8.7
)%
Net income
$
37,173

 
$
38,369

 
$
(1,196
)
 
(3.1
)%
Effective tax rate
34.4
%
 
35.7
%
 
N/A

 
(3.8
)%
    
The Company recorded income tax expense of $19.5 million for 2013, compared to $21.3 million for 2012. This represented total effective tax rates of 34.4% and 35.7%, respectively. The decrease in the effective tax rate was primarily attributable to non deductible professional fees of $1.4 million related to the BankRI acquisition in 2012 and a reduction in state income tax expense. Additional state income tax expense was recognized in 2012 as the projected state tax savings from the acquisition of BankRI reduced the value of the deferred tax asset by $0.5 million. These reductions were partially offset by a $1.1 million reduction in the tax savings from the rehabilitation tax credits received for the refurbishment of the Company's headquarters as renovations were completed early in 2013.

68

Liquidity and Capital Resources
Liquidity
Liquidity is defined as the ability to meet current and future financial obligations of a short-term nature. The Company further defines liquidity as the ability to respond to the needs of depositors and borrowers, as well as to earnings enhancement opportunities, in a changing marketplace. Liquidity management is monitored by an Asset/Liability Committee ("ALCO"), consisting of members of management, which is responsible for establishing and monitoring liquidity targets as well as strategies and tactics to meet these targets.
The primary source of funds for the payment of dividends and expenses by the Company is dividends paid to it by its Banks and Brookline Securities Corp. The primary sources of liquidity for the Banks consist of deposit inflows, loan repayments, borrowed funds and maturing investment securities.
Deposits, which are considered the most stable source of liquidity, totaled $4.0 billion at December 31, 2014 and represented 77.8% of total funding (the sum of total deposits and total borrowings), compared to deposits of $3.8 billion, or 82.5% of total funding, at December 31, 2013. Core deposits, which consist of demand checking, NOW, savings and money market accounts, totaled $3.0 billion at December 31, 2014 and represented 76.1% of total deposits, compared to core deposits of $2.9 billion, or 75.6% of total deposits, at December 31, 2013. Additionally, the Company acquired $62.0 million of brokered deposits at December 31, 2014, which represented 1.6% of total deposits. There were no brokered deposits at December 31, 2013. The Company offers attractive interest rates based on market conditions to increase deposits balances, while managing cost of funds.
Borrowings are used to diversify the Company's funding mix and to support asset growth. When profitable lending and investment opportunities exist, access to borrowings provides a means to grow the balance sheet. Borrowings totaled $1.1 billion at December 31, 2014, representing 22.2% of total funding, compared to $0.8 billion, or 17.5% of total funding, at December 31, 2013. The increase was due to increased FHLBB borrowings of $235.2 million and increased subordinated debentures and notes of $73.6 million as a result of the September 15, 2014 offering of $75.0 million of 6.0% fixed-to-floating subordinated notes. In an effort to achieve better capital allocation, the Company offered the subordinated notes as they improve the Tier 2 and total risk-based capital ratios.
As members of the FHLBB, the Banks have access to both short- and long-term borrowings. At December 31, 2014, the Company had a $12.0 million committed line of credit with for contingent liquidity. The Banks also have access to funding through retail repurchase agreements, brokered deposits and $119.0 million of uncommitted lines of credit, and may utilize additional sources of funding in the future, including borrowings at the Federal Reserve "discount window," to supplement its liquidity. At December 31, 2014, the Company's total borrowing limit from the FHLBB for advances and repurchase agreements was $1.5 billion as compared to $1.0 billion at December 31, 2013, based on the level of qualifying collateral available for these borrowings.
In general, the Company seeks to maintain a high degree of liquidity and targets cash, cash equivalents and investment securities available-for-sale balances of between 10% and 30% of total assets. At December 31, 2014, cash, cash equivalents and investment securities available-for-sale totaled $613.5 million, or 10.6% of total assets. This compares to $584.9 million, or 11.0% of total assets at December 31, 2013.
While management believes that the Company has adequate liquidity to meet its commitments, and to fund the Banks' lending and investment activities, the availabilities of these funding sources are subject to broad economic conditions and could be restricted in the future. Such restrictions would impact the Company's immediate liquidity and/or additional liquidity needs.
Capital Resources
At December 31, 2014 and 2013, the Company and the Banks were under the primary regulation of and required to comply with the capital requirements of the FRB. At those dates, the Company, Brookline Bank, BankRI and First Ipswich exceeded all regulatory capital requirements and were considered "well-capitalized." See details in "Supervision and Regulation" in Item 1.

69

The Company's and the Banks' actual and required capital amounts and ratios were as follows:
 
 
Actual
 
Minimum Required for
Capital Adequacy
Purposes
 
Minimum Required
To Be
Considered "Well-
Capitalized"
 
 
Amount
 
Ratio
 
Amount
 
Ratio
 
Amount
 
Ratio
 
 
(Dollars in Thousands)
At December 31, 2014:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Brookline Bancorp, Inc.
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Tier 1 leverage capital ratio
(1)
$
504,964

 
9.01
%
 
$
224,179

 
4.00
%
 
N/A

 
N/A

Tier 1 risk-based capital ratio
(2)
504,964

 
10.55
%
 
191,456

 
4.00
%
 
N/A

 
N/A

Total risk-based capital ratio
(3)
633,421

 
13.24
%
 
382,732

 
8.00
%
 
N/A

 
N/A

Brookline Bank
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Tier 1 leverage capital ratio
(1)
$
336,513

 
9.60
%
 
$
140,214

 
4.00
%
 
$
175,267

 
5.00
%
Tier 1 risk-based capital ratio
(2)
336,513

 
10.72
%
 
125,565

 
4.00
%
 
188,347

 
6.00
%
Total risk-based capital ratio
(3)
373,312

 
11.90
%
 
250,966

 
8.00
%
 
313,708

 
10.00
%
BankRI
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Tier 1 leverage capital ratio
(1)
$
150,403

 
8.43
%
 
$
71,366

 
4.00
%
 
$
89,207

 
5.00
%
Tier 1 risk-based capital ratio
(2)
150,403

 
10.70
%
 
56,225

 
4.00
%
 
84,338

 
6.00
%
Total risk-based capital ratio
(3)
166,135

 
11.82
%
 
112,443

 
8.00
%
 
140,554

 
10.00
%
First Ipswich
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Tier 1 leverage capital ratio
(1)
$
29,962

 
9.27
%
 
$
12,929

 
4.00
%
 
$
16,161

 
5.00
%
Tier 1 risk-based capital ratio
(2)
29,962

 
12.40
%
 
9,665

 
4.00
%
 
14,498

 
6.00
%
Total risk-based capital ratio
(3)
32,375

 
13.40
%
 
19,328

 
8.00
%
 
24,160

 
10.00
%
At December 31, 2013:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Brookline Bancorp, Inc.
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Tier 1 leverage capital ratio
(1)
$
480,472

 
9.36
%
 
$
205,330

 
4.00
%
 
N/A

 
N/A

Tier 1 risk-based capital ratio
(2)
480,472

 
11.01
%
 
174,558

 
4.00
%
 
N/A

 
N/A

Total risk-based capital ratio
(3)
529,982

 
12.15
%
 
348,959

 
8.00
%
 
N/A

 
N/A

Brookline Bank
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Tier 1 leverage capital ratio
(1)
$
299,822

 
9.37
%
 
$
127,992

 
4.00
%
 
$
159,990

 
5.00
%
Tier 1 risk-based capital ratio
(2)
299,822

 
10.43
%
 
114,984

 
4.00
%
 
172,477

 
6.00
%
Total risk-based capital ratio
(3)
335,748

 
11.69
%
 
229,768

 
8.00
%
 
287,210

 
10.00
%
BankRI
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Tier 1 leverage capital ratio
(1)
$
134,904

 
8.08
%
 
$
66,784

 
4.00
%
 
$
83,480

 
5.00
%
Tier 1 risk-based capital ratio
(2)
134,904

 
10.57
%
 
51,052

 
4.00
%
 
76,577

 
6.00
%
Total risk-based capital ratio
(3)
145,847

 
11.43
%
 
102,080

 
8.00
%
 
127,600

 
10.00
%
First Ipswich
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Tier 1 leverage capital ratio
(1)
$
30,435

 
9.77
%
 
$
12,461

 
4.00
%
 
$
15,576

 
5.00
%
Tier 1 risk-based capital ratio
(2)
30,435

 
13.57
%
 
8,971

 
4.00
%
 
13,457

 
6.00
%
Total risk-based capital ratio
(3)
32,289

 
14.40
%
 
17,938

 
8.00
%
 
22,423

 
10.00
%
_______________________________________________________________________________
(1)
Tier 1 leverage capital ratio is calculated by dividing Tier 1 capital by average assets.
(2)
Tier 1 risk-based capital ratio is calculated by dividing Tier 1 capital by risk-weighted assets.
(3)
Total risk-based capital ratio is calculated by dividing total capital by risk-weighted assets.
Off-Balance-Sheet Arrangements
The Company is party to off-balance sheet financial instruments in the normal course of business to meet the financing needs of its customers and to reduce its own exposure to fluctuations in interest rates. These financial instruments include loan

70

commitments, standby and commercial letters of credit and interest rate swaps. According to GAAP, these financial instruments are not recorded in the financial statements until they are funded or related fees are incurred or received. The effect of such activity on the Company's financial condition and results of operations, such as recorded liability for unfunded credit commitment, is immaterial. See Note 13, "Commitments and Contingencies," to the consolidated financial statements for a description of off-balance-sheet financial instruments.
Contractual Obligations
A summary of contractual obligations by the expected payment period for the date indicated follows.
 
Payment Due by Period
 
Less Than
One Year
 
One to
Three Years
 
More than Three Years to
Five Years
 
Over Five
Years
 
Total
 
(In Thousands)
At December 31, 2014:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Advances from the FHLBB
$
583,000

 
$
362,380

 
$
41,966

 
$
16,680

 
$
1,004,026

Loan commitments(1)
1,130,185

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
1,130,185

Occupancy lease commitments(2)
5,494

 
10,185

 
7,636

 
12,266

 
35,581

Service provider contracts(3)
8,947

 
19,393

 
9,162

 
1,209

 
38,711

Postretirement benefit obligations
29

 
60

 
70

 
221

 
380

 
$
1,727,655

 
$
392,018

 
$
58,834

 
$
30,376

 
$
2,208,883

 
Payment Due by Period
 
Less Than
One Year
 
One to
Three Years
 
More than Three Years to
Five Years
 
Over Five
Years
 
Total
 
(In Thousands)
At December 31, 2013:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Advances from the FHLBB
$
186,035

 
$
375,971

 
$
183,823

 
$
22,944

 
$
768,773

Loan commitments(1)
1,023,573

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
1,023,573

Occupancy lease commitments(2)
4,936

 
9,240

 
7,422

 
12,431

 
34,029

Service provider contracts(3)
9,909

 
32,132

 
16,598

 
4,828

 
63,467

Postretirement benefit obligations
28

 
64

 
68

 
205

 
365

 
$
1,224,481

 
$
417,407

 
$
207,911

 
$
40,408

 
$
1,890,207

_______________________________________________________________________________
(1)
These amounts represent commitments made by the Company to extend credit to borrowers as long as there is no violation of any condition established in the contract. Commitments generally have fixed expiration dates or other termination clauses. Since some of the commitments are expected to expire without being drawn upon, the total commitment amount does not necessarily represent future cash requirements.
(2)
The Company leases certain office space under various noncancellable operating leases. These leases have original terms ranging from 5 years to over 20 years. Certain leases contain renewal options and escalation clauses for real estate taxes and other expenditures which can increase rental expenses based principally on the consumer price index and fair market rental value provisions.
(3)
Payments to service providers under most of the existing contracts are based on the volume of accounts served or transactions processed. Some contracts also call for higher required payments when there are increases in the Consumer Price Index. The expected payments shown in this table are based on an estimate of the number of accounts to be served or transactions to be processed, but do not include any projection of the effect of changes in the Consumer Price Index.

71

Item 7A.    Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk
Market Risk
Market risk is the risk that the market value or estimated fair value of the Company's assets, liabilities, and derivative financial instruments will decline as a result of changes in interest rates or financial market volatility, or that the Company's net income will be significantly reduced by interest-rate changes.
Interest-Rate Risk
The principal market risk facing the Company is interest-rate risk, which can come in a variety of forms, including repricing risk, yield-curve risk, basis risk and prepayment risk. Repricing risk exists when the change in the average yield of either interest-earning assets or interest-bearing liabilities is more sensitive than the other to changes in market interest rates. Such a change in sensitivity could reflect a number of possible mismatches in the repricing opportunities of the Company's assets and liabilities. Yield-curve risk reflects the possibility that the changes in the shape of the yield curve could have different effects on the Company's assets and liabilities. Basis risk exists when different parts of the balance sheet are subject to varying base rates reflecting the possibility that the spread from those base rates will deviate. Prepayment risk is associated with financial instruments with an option to prepay before the stated maturity, often a disadvantage to person selling the option; this risk is most often associated with the prepayment of loans, callable investments, and callable borrowings.
Asset/Liability Management
Market risk and interest-rate risk management is governed by the Company's Asset/Liability Committee ("ALCO"). The ALCO establishes exposure limits that define the Company's tolerance for interest-rate risk. The ALCO and Treasury Group measure and manage the composition of the balance sheet over a range of possible changes in interest rates while remaining responsive to market demand for loan and deposit products. The ALCO monitors current exposures versus limits and reports results to the Board of Directors. The policy limits and guidelines serve as benchmarks for measuring interest-rate risk and for providing a framework for evaluation and interest-rate risk-management decision-making. The Company measures its interest-rate risk by using an asset/liability simulation model. The model considers several factors to determine the Company's potential exposure to interest-rate risk, including measurement of repricing gaps, duration, convexity, value-at-risk, market value of portfolio equity under assumed changes in the level of interest rates, the shape of yield curves and general market volatility.
Management controls the Company's interest-rate exposure using several strategies, which include adjusting the maturities of securities in the Company's investment portfolio, limiting or expanding the terms of loans originated, limiting fixed-rate deposits with terms of more than five years and adjusting maturities of FHLBB advances. The Company limits this risk by restricting the types of MBSs it invests in to those with limited average life changes under certain interest-rate-shock scenarios, or securities with embedded prepayment penalties. The Company also places limits on holdings of fixed-rate mortgage loans with maturities greater than five years. The Company also may use derivative instruments, principally interest-rate swaps, to manage its interest-rate risk; however, the Company had no derivative fair value hedges or derivative cash flows hedges at December 31, 2014 or 2013. See Note 16, "Derivatives and Hedging Activities," to the consolidated financial statements.
Measuring Interest-Rate Risk
As noted above, interest-rate risk can be measured by analyzing the extent to which the repricing of assets and liabilities are mismatched to create an interest-rate sensitivity gap. An asset or liability is said to be interest-rate sensitive within a specific period if it will mature or reprice within that period. The interest-rate sensitivity gap is defined as the difference between the amount of interest-earning assets maturing or repricing within a specific time period and the amount of interest-bearing liabilities maturing or repricing within that same time period. A gap is considered positive when the amount of interest-rate-sensitive assets exceeds the amount of interest-rate-sensitive liabilities. A gap is considered negative when the amount of interest-rate-sensitive liabilities exceeds the amount of interest-rate-sensitive assets. During a period of falling interest rates, therefore, a positive gap would tend to adversely affect net interest income. Conversely, during a period of rising interest rates, a positive gap position would tend to result in an increase in net interest income.
The Company's interest-rate risk position is measured using both income simulation and interest-rate sensitivity "gap" analysis. Income simulation is the primary tool for measuring the interest-rate risk inherent in the Company's balance sheet at a given point in time by showing the effect on net interest income, over a twelve-month period, of a variety of interest-rate shocks. These simulations take into account repricing, maturity and prepayment characteristics of individual products. The ALCO reviews simulation results to determine whether the exposure resulting from changes in market interest rates remains within established tolerance levels over a twelve-month horizon, and develops appropriate strategies to manage this exposure. The Company's interest-rate risk analysis remains modestly asset-sensitive at December 31, 2014.

72

The assumptions used in the Company’s interest-rate sensitivity simulation discussed above are inherently uncertain and, as a result, the simulations cannot precisely measure net interest income or precisely predict the impact of changes in interest rates.
As of December 31, 2014, net interest income simulation indicated that the Company's exposure to changing interest rates was within tolerance. The ALCO reviews the methodology utilized for calculating interest-rate risk exposure and may periodically adopt modifications to this methodology. The following table presents the estimated impact of interest-rate changes on the Company's estimated net interest income over the twelve-month periods indicated:
 
Estimated Exposure to Net Interest Income
over Twelve-Month Horizon Beginning
 
December 31, 2014
 
December 31, 2013
Gradual Change in Interest Rate Levels
Dollar
Change
 
Percent
Change
 
Dollar
Change
 
Percent
Change
 
(Dollars in Thousands)
Up 300 basis points
$
1,882

 
1.0
 %
 
$
590

 
0.3
 %
Up 200 basis points
1,327

 
0.7
 %
 
414

 
0.2
 %
Up 100 basis points
693

 
0.4
 %
 
220

 
0.1
 %
Down 100 basis points
(2,828
)
 
(1.5
)%
 
(3,648
)
 
(2.0
)%

The estimated impact of a 300 basis points increase in market interest rates on the Company's estimated net interest income over a twelve-month horizon was a positive 1.03% at December 31, 2014 compared to a positive 0.33% at December 31, 2013 The change was due to the issuance of subordinated notes during the year and the acceleration of prepayments on the loans and leases portfolio.

Economic Value of Equity ("EVE") at Risk Simulation is conducted in tandem with net interest income simulations, to ascertain a longer term view of the Company’s interest-rate risk position by capturing longer-term repricing risk and options risk embedded in the balance sheet. It measures the sensitivity of the economic value of equity to changes in interest rates. The EVE at Risk Simulation values only the current balance sheet and does not incorporate growth assumptions. As with the net interest income simulation, this simulation captures product characteristics such as loan resets, repricing terms, maturity dates, and rate caps and floors. Key assumptions include loan prepayment speeds, deposit pricing elasticity and non-maturity deposit attrition rates. These assumptions can have significant impacts on valuation results as the assumptions remain in effect for the entire life of each asset and liability. The Company conducts non-maturity deposit behavior studies on a periodic basis to support deposit assumptions used in the valuation process. All key assumptions are subject to a periodic review.

EVE at Risk is calculated by estimating the net present value of all future cash flows from existing assets and liabilities using current interest rates as well as parallel shocks to the current interest-rate environment. The following table sets forth the estimated percentage change in the Company’s EVE at Risk, assuming various shifts in interest rates. Given the interest rate environment at December 31, 2014, simulations for interest rate declines of more than 100 basis points were not deemed to be meaningful.
 
 
Estimated Percent Change in Economic Value of Equity
Parallel Shock in Interest Rate Levels
 
At December 31, 2014
 
At December 31, 2013
Up 300 basis points
 
(2.6
)%
 
(3.1
)%
Up 200 basis points
 
(2.5
)%
 
(3.9
)%
Up 100 basis points
 
(1.0
)%
 
(2.1
)%
Down 100 basis points
 
(5.4
)%
 
(1.1
)%
The Company also uses interest-rate sensitivity "gap" analysis to provide a more general overview of its interest-rate risk profile. The interest-rate sensitivity gap is defined as the difference between interest-earning assets and interest-bearing liabilities maturing or repricing within a given time period. The table below shows the Company's interest-rate sensitivity gap position as of December 31, 2014.

73

 
One Year
or Less
 
More than
One Year to
Two Years
 
More than
Two Years
to Three
Years
 
More than
Three Years
to Five Years
 
More than
Five Years
 
Total
 
(Dollars in Thousands)
Interest-earning assets(1):
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Short-term investments
$
26,534

 
$
—

 
$
—

 
$
—

 
$
(704
)
 
$
25,830

Weighted average rate
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

Investment securities(1)
86,825

 
69,809

 
54,869

 
124,838

 
214,920

 
551,261

Weighted average rate
2.13
 %
 
2.10
%
 
2.10
%
 
2.08
%
 
2.05
 %
 
2.08
%
Commercial real estate loans(1)
1,046,956

 
394,965

 
353,229

 
494,755

 
177,896

 
2,467,801

Weighted average rate
4.05
 %
 
4.19
%
 
4.20
%
 
4.25
%
 
4.21
 %
 
4.15
%
Commercial loans and leases(1)
555,904

 
228,690

 
150,552

 
147,360

 
84,588

 
1,167,094

Weighted average rate
5.16
 %
 
5.87
%
 
5.87
%
 
5.68
%
 
4.18
 %
 
5.39
%
Indirect automobile loans(1)
153,069

 
90,087

 
44,994

 
22,437

 
6,400

 
316,987

Weighted average rate
4.59
 %
 
4.46
%
 
4.30
%
 
3.87
%
 
0.12
 %
 
4.37
%
Consumer loans(1)
533,844

 
83,055

 
65,257

 
79,068

 
109,501

 
870,725

Weighted average rate
3.53
 %
 
3.91
%
 
3.80
%
 
3.77
%
 
3.36
 %
 
3.58
%
Total interest-earning assets
2,403,132

 
866,606

 
668,901

 
868,458

 
592,601

 
5,399,698

Weighted average rate
4.11
 %
 
4.47
%
 
4.37
%
 
4.13
%
 
3.22
 %
 
4.11
%
Interest-bearing liabilities(1):
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
NOW accounts
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
235,063

 
235,063

Weighted average rate
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
0.07
 %
 
0.07
%
Savings accounts
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
531,727

 
531,727

Weighted average rate
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
0.21
 %
 
0.21
%
Money market savings accounts
1,518,490

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
1,518,490

Weighted average rate
0.52
 %
 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
0.52
%
Certificates of deposit(1)
622,767

 
233,861

 
32,447

 
57,691

 
(58
)
 
946,708

Weighted average rate
0.70
 %
 
1.08
%
 
1.46
%
 
1.51
%
 
(0.28
)%
 
0.87
%
Borrowed funds(1)
633,118

 
216,068

 
141,021

 
42,533

 
93,664

 
1,126,404

Weighted average rate
0.55
 %
 
1.36
%
 
3.86
%
 
2.48
%
 
5.47
 %
 
1.60
%
Total interest-bearing liabilities
2,774,375

 
449,929

 
173,468

 
100,224

 
860,396

 
4,358,392

Weighted average rate
0.57
 %
 
1.22
%
 
3.41
%
 
1.92
%
 
0.75
 %
 
0.81
%
Interest sensitivity gap(2)
$
(371,243
)
 
$
416,677

 
$
495,433

 
$
768,234

 
$
(267,795
)
 
$
1,041,306

Cumulative interest sensitivity gap
$
(371,243
)
 
$
45,434

 
$
540,867

 
$
1,309,101

 
$
1,041,306

 
 

Cumulative interest sensitivity gap as a percentage of total assets
(6.40
)%
 
0.78
%
 
9.33
%
 
22.57
%
 
17.95
 %
 
 

Cumulative interest sensitivity gap as a percentage of total interest-earning assets
(6.88
)%
 
0.84
%
 
10.02
%
 
24.24
%
 
19.28
 %
 
 

_______________________________________________________________________________
(1)
Interest-earning assets and interest-bearing liabilities are included in the period in which the balances are expected to be redeployed and/or repriced as a result of anticipated prepayments, scheduled rate adjustments and contractual maturities.
(2)
Interest sensitivity gap represents the difference between interest-earning assets and interest-bearing liabilities.
(3)
Investment securities include all debt, equity and restricted equity securities and unrealized gains and losses on investment securities.
At December 31, 2014, interest-earning assets maturing or repricing within one year amounted to $2.4 billion and interest-bearing liabilities maturing or repricing within one year amounted to $2.8 billion, resulting in a cumulative one-year negative gap position of $371.2 million or 6.88% of total interest-earning assets. At December 31, 2013, the Company had a cumulative one-year negative gap position of $271.6 million, or 5.53% of total interest-earning assets. The change in the cumulative one-year gap position from the end of 2013 was due to increased FHLB borrowings.
Interest rates paid on NOW accounts, savings accounts and money market accounts are subject to change at any time and such deposits are available for immediate withdrawal. A review of rates paid on these deposit categories over the last several years indicated that the amount and timing of rate changes did not coincide with the amount and timing of rate changes on other deposits when the FRB adjusted its benchmark federal funds rate.
Management views NOW and savings accounts to be less sensitive to interest rates than money market accounts and these accounts are therefore characterized as stable long-term funding sensitive beyond five years. Management views money

74

market accounts to be more volatile deposits and these accounts are therefore characterized as sensitive to changes in interest rates within the first year.

75

Item 8.    Financial Statements and Supplementary Data
The following financial statements and supplementary data required by this item are presented on the following pages which appear elsewhere herein:

76

Item 9.    Changes in and Disagreements with Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure
None.
Item 9A.    Controls and Procedures
Under the supervision and with the participation of the Company's management, including the Company's Chief Executive Officer (Principal Executive Officer) and Chief Financial Officer (Principal Financial Officer), the Company has evaluated the effectiveness of its disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rule 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Exchange Act) as of the end of the period covered by this report. Based upon that evaluation, the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer considered that, as of the end of the period covered by this report, the Company's disclosure controls and procedures were effective to ensure that information required to be disclosed in the reports that the Company files or submits under the Exchange Act is (i) recorded, processed, summarized and reported, within the time periods specified in the SEC's rules and forms and (ii) accumulated and communicated to the Company's management, including its Chief Financial Officer, as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.
There has been no change in the Company's internal control over financial reporting identified in connection with the quarterly evaluation that occurred during the Company's last fiscal quarter that has materially and detrimentally affected, or is reasonably likely to materially and detrimentally affect, the Company's internal control over financial reporting.
The Company's management is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting as such term is defined in Exchange Act Rule 13a-15(f). The Company's internal control system was designed to provide reasonable assurance to its management and the Board of Directors regarding the preparation and fair presentation of published financial statements. All internal control systems, no matter how well designed have inherent limitations. Therefore, even those systems determined to be effective can provide only reasonable assurance with respect to financial statement preparation and presentation. The Company's management assessed the effectiveness of its internal control over financial reporting as of the end of the period covered by this report. In addition, the effectiveness of the Company's internal control over financial reporting as of the end of the period covered by this report has been audited by KPMG LLP, an independent registered public accounting firm.
On May 14, 2013, the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (“COSO”) issued an updated version of its Internal Control - Integrated Framework, referred to as the 2013 COSO Framework. Management assessed the Company’s system of internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2014, in relation to criteria for effective internal control over financial reporting as described in “Internal Control - Integrated Framework (1992),” issued by COSO. Management has assessed the implication of the 2013 COSO Framework and deemed the change from the 1992 COSO Framework to the 2013 COSO Framework not significant to the Company’s system of internal control over financial reporting.
Management's Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting as of December 31, 2014 appears on page F-1 herein and the related Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm thereon appears on page F-2 herein.
Item 9B.    Other Information
None.
PART III
Item 10.    Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance
The information required by this item is incorporated herein by reference to the Company's Proxy Statement to be filed in connection with the Annual Meeting of Stockholders ("Proxy Statement").
Item 11.    Executive Compensation
The information required by this item is incorporated herein by reference to Proxy Statement.
Item 12.    Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters
The information required by this item is incorporated herein by reference to Proxy Statement.
Item 13.    Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Director Independence
The information required by this item is incorporated herein by reference to Proxy Statement.
Item 14.    Principal Accounting Fees and Services

77

The information required by this item is incorporated herein by reference to Proxy Statement.
PART IV
Item 15.    Exhibits, Financial Statement Schedules
(a)
Financial Statements
All financial statements are included in Item 8 of Part II of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.
(2)
Financial Statement Schedules
All financial statement schedules have been omitted because they are not required, not applicable or are included in the consolidated financial statements or related notes.
(3)
Exhibits
The exhibits listed in paragraph (b) below are filed herewith or incorporated herein by reference to other filings.
(b)
Exhibits
EXHIBIT INDEX
Exhibit
 
Description
1.1

 
Underwriting Agreement, dated September 11, 2014, by and among Brookline Bancorp, Inc., Sterne, Agee & Leach, Inc. and Sandler O’Neil + Partners, L.P., as representatives of the several underwriters named therein (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 1.1 of the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on September 12, 2014)
2.1

 
Agreement and Plan of Merger, dated as of April 19, 2011, by and between Brookline Bancorp, Inc. and Bancorp Rhode Island, Inc. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 2.1 of the Company's Current Report on Form 8-K filed on April 22, 2011)
3.1

 
Certificate of Incorporation of Brookline Bancorp, Inc. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 (included in Exhibit 2) of the Registration Statement on Form S-1 filed by the Company on April 10, 2002 (Registration No. 333-85980))
3.2

 
Amended and Restated Bylaws of Brookline Bancorp, Inc. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.02 of the Company's Current Report on Form 8-K filed on January 10, 2013)
4

 
Form of Common Stock Certificate of the Company (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4 of the Registration Statement on Form S-1 filed by the Company on April 10, 2002 (Registration No. 333-85980))
4.1

 
Subordinated Indenture, dated as of September 16, 2014, between Brookline Bancorp, Inc. and U.S. Bank National Association, as Trustee (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 of the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on September 17, 2014)
4.2

 
First Supplemental Indenture, dated as of September 16, 2014, between Brookline Bancorp, Inc. and U.S. Bank National Association, as Trustee (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.2 of the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on September 17, 2014)
4.3

 
Form of Global Note to represent the 6.000% Fixed-to-Floating Rate Subordinated Notes due September 15, 2029 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.3 of the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on September 17, 2014)
10.1+

 
Form of Employment Agreement (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 of the Registration Statement on Form S-1 filed by the Company on November 18, 1997 (Registration No. 333-40471))
10.2+

 
Form of Change in Control Agreement (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 of the Company's Current Report on Form 8-K filed on March 11, 2008)
10.3+

 
Supplemental Retirement Income Agreement with Charles H. Peck (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.5 of the Registration Statement on Form S-1 filed by the Company on November 18, 1997 (Registration No. 333-40471))
10.3.1+

 
Amendment No. 2 to the Supplemental Retirement Income Agreement by and between Brookline Bank and Charles H. Peck (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.4.1 of the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K filed on February 28, 2007)
10.3.2+

 
Amendment No. 3 to the Supplemental Retirement Income Agreement by and between Brookline Bank and Charles H. Peck (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.4.2 of the Company's Current Report on Form 8-K filed on December 18, 2008)

78

Exhibit
 
Description
10.3.3+

 
2005 Supplemental Retirement Income Agreement by and between Brookline Bank and Charles H. Peck (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.4.3 of the Company's Current Report on Form 8-K filed on December 18, 2008)
10.4+

 
Brookline Bancorp, Inc. Deferred Compensation Plan effective January 1, 2011 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 99.1 of the Company's Current Report on Form 8-K filed on September 16, 2010)
10.5+

 
Brookline Bancorp, Inc. 2003 Stock Option Plan (incorporated by reference to Exhibit A of the Company's Proxy Statement filed on July 23, 2003)
10.6+

 
Brookline Bancorp, Inc. 2003 Recognition and Retention Plan (incorporated by reference to Exhibit B of the Company's Proxy Statement filed on July 23, 2003)
10.7+

 
Brookline Bancorp, Inc. 2011 Restricted Stock Plan (incorporated by reference to Appendix A of the Company's Proxy Statement filed on March 17, 2011)
10.8+

 
Brookline Bancorp, Inc. 2014 Equity Incentive Plan (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 of the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on May 9, 2014)
10.9+

 
Amendment to Employment Agreement, dated as of December 15, 2005, by and among Brookline Bank, Brookline Bancorp, Inc. and Charles H. Peck (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.8 of the Company's Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q filed on May 3, 2006)
10.10+

 
Employment Agreement, dated as of April 11, 2011, by and among Brookline Bancorp, Inc., Brookline Bank and Paul A. Perrault (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.10 of the Company's Current Report on Form 8-K filed on April 15, 2011)
10.11+

 
Retirement Agreement, dated as of December 23, 2010, by and between Brookline Bancorp, Inc., Brookline Bank and Charles H. Peck (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.11 of the Company's Current Report on Form 8-K filed on December 27, 2010)
10.12+

 
Employment Letter Agreement, dated as of April 19, 2011, by and between Brookline Bancorp, Inc. and Mark J. Meiklejohn (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.3 of Pre-effective Amendment No. 2 of the Registration Statement on Form S-4 filed by the Company on July 25, 2011 (Registration Number 333-174731))
10.13+

 
Form of Change in Control Agreement dated June 26, 2013 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 of the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed July 2, 2013)
10.14+

 
Form of Amended Change in Control Agreement (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 of the Company's Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q filed May 9, 2014)
10.15+

 
Change in Control Agreement, dated as of January 1, 2010, by and between M. Robert Rose and Brookline Bank (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.12 of Amendment No. 1 to the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K filed on June 2, 2011)
10.16+

 
Change in Control Agreement, dated as of September 26, 2011, by and among Brookline Bancorp, Inc., Brookline Bank and Julie A. Gerschick (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 of the Company's Current Report on Form 8-K filed on September 27, 2011)
10.17+

 
Release, Consulting and Non-Competition Agreement, dated as of April 19, 2011, by and among Brookline Bancorp, Inc., Bancorp Rhode Island, Inc., Bank Rhode Island and Merrill W. Sherman (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 of Bancorp Rhode Island, Inc.'s Current Report on Form 8-K dated April 22, 2011)
10.18+

 
Amendment to Release, Consulting and Non-Competition Agreement, dated as of January 1, 2012, by and among Brookline Bancorp, Inc., Bancorp Rhode Island, Inc., Bank Rhode Island and Merrill W. Sherman (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 of the Company's Current Report on Form 8-K filed on January 3, 2012)
10.19+

 
Resignation Agreement dated December 6, 2013 by and among Julie A. Gerschick, Brookline Bancorp, Inc., Brookline Bank, Fist Ipswich Bank, and Bank Rhode Island (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 of the Company's Current report on Form 8-K filed on December 6, 2013)
21

 
Subsidiaries of the Registrant (incorporated by reference in Part I, Item 1. "Business—General" of this Annual Report on Form 10-K)
23*

 
Consent of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
31.1*

 
Rule 13a-14(a)/15d-14(a) Certification of the Chief Executive Officer pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
31.2*

 
Rule 13a-14(a)/15d-14(a) Certification of the Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
32.1**

 
Rule 13a-14(b) Certifications of the Chief Executive Officer Pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
32.2**

 
Rule 13a-14(b) Certifications of the Chief Financial Officer Pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002

79

Exhibit
 
Description
101

 
The following materials from Brookline Bancorp, Inc.'s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2014 were formatted in xBRL (eXtensible Business Reporting Language): (i)  Consolidated Balance Sheets as of December 31, 2014 and 2013, (ii) Consolidated Statements of Income for the years ended December 31, 2014, 2013 and 2012, (iii) Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income for the years ended December 31, 2014, 2013 and 2012, (iv) Consolidated Statements of Changes in Equity for the years ended December 31, 2014, 2013 and 2012, (v) Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the years ended December 31, 2014, 2013 and 2012 and (vi) Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.
_______________________________________________________________________________
*
Filed herewith
**
Furnished herewith
+
Management contract or compensatory plan or agreement
(c)
Other Required Financial Statements and Schedules
Not applicable.

80

SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the Registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.
Date: March 2, 2015
BROOKLINE BANCORP, INC.
 
By:
/s/ PAUL A. PERRAULT
 
 
Paul A. Perrault
 President and Chief Executive Officer
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, this report has been signed below by the following persons on behalf of the Registrant and in the capacities and on the dates indicated.
By:
 
/s/ PAUL A. PERRAULT
 
By:
 
/s/ CARL M. CARLSON
 
 
Paul A. Perrault,
 President and Chief Executive Officer
(Principal Executive Officer)
 
 
 
Carl M. Carlson,
 Chief Financial Officer and Treasurer
(Principal Financial Officer)
 
 
Date: March 2, 2015
 
 
 
Date: March 2, 2015
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
By:
 
/s/ MARGARET BOLES FITZGERALD
 
By:
 
/s/ BOGDAN NOWAK
 
 
Margaret Boles Fitzgerald,
 Director
 
 
 
Bogdan Nowak,
 Director
 
 
Date: March 2, 2015
 
 
 
Date: March 2, 2015
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
By:
 
/s/ DAVID C. CHAPIN
 
By:
 
/s/ CHARLES H. PECK
 
 
David C. Chapin,
 Director
 
 
 
Charles H. Peck,
 Director
 
 
Date: March 2, 2015
 
 
 
Date: March 2, 2015
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
By:
 
/s/ JOHN J. DOYLE, JR.
 
By:
 
/s/ MERRILL W. SHERMAN
 
 
John J. Doyle, Jr.,
 Director
 
 
 
Merrill W. Sherman,
 Director
 
 
Date: March 2, 2015
 
 
 
Date: March 2, 2015
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
By:
 
/s/ JOHN A. HACKETT
 
By:
 
/s/ JOSEPH J. SLOTNIK
 
 
John A. Hackett,
 Director
 
 
 
Joseph J. Slotnik,
 Chairman and Director
 
 
Date: March 2, 2015
 
 
 
Date: March 2, 2015
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
By:
 
/s/ JOHN L. HALL, II
 
By:
 
/s/ ROSAMOND B. VAULE
 
 
John L. Hall, II,
 Director
 
 
 
Rosamond B. Vaule,
 Director
 
 
Date: March 2, 2015
 
 
 
Date: March 2, 2015
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
By:
 
/s/ THOMAS J. HOLLISTER
 
By:
 
/s/ PETER O. WILDE
 
 
Thomas J. Hollister,
 Director
 
 
 
Peter O. Wilde,
 Director
 
 
Date: March 2, 2015
 
 
 
Date: March 2, 2015

81

MANAGEMENT'S REPORT ON INTERNAL CONTROL
OVER FINANCIAL REPORTING
The management of Brookline Bancorp, Inc. is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting. Brookline Bancorp Inc.'s internal control system was designed to provide reasonable assurance to the Company's management and board of directors regarding the preparation and fair presentation of published financial statements.
All internal control systems, no matter how well-designed, have inherent limitations. Therefore, even those systems determined to be effective can provide only reasonable assurance with respect to financial statement preparation and presentation.
Brookline Bancorp, Inc.'s management assessed the effectiveness of the Company's internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2014. In making this assessment, it used the criteria set forth by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO) in Internal Control—Integrated Framework (1992). Based on our assessment, we believe that, as of December 31, 2014, the Company's internal control over financial reporting is effective based on those criteria.
Brookline Bancorp, Inc.'s independent registered public accounting firm has issued an audit report on the effectiveness of the Company's internal control over financial reporting. This report appears on page F-2.
/s/ PAUL A. PERRAULT
 
/s/ CARL M. CARLSON
Paul A. Perrault
 
Carl M. Carlson
Chief Executive Officer
(Principal Executive Officer)
 
Chief Financial Officer and Treasurer
(Principal Financial Officer)

F-1

REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM
The Board of Directors and Stockholders
Brookline Bancorp, Inc.:
We have audited Brookline Bancorp, Inc.’s (the Company) internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2014, based on criteria established in Internal Control - Integrated Framework (1992) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO). The Company’s management is responsible for maintaining effective internal control over financial reporting and for its assessment of the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting, included in the accompanying Management’s Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company’s internal control over financial reporting based on our audit.
We conducted our audit in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States). Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether effective internal control over financial reporting was maintained in all material respects. Our audit included obtaining an understanding of internal control over financial reporting, assessing the risk that a material weakness exists, and testing and evaluating the design and operating effectiveness of internal control based on the assessed risk. Our audit also included performing such other procedures as we considered necessary in the circumstances. We believe that our audit provides a reasonable basis for our opinion.
A company’s internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. A company’s internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that (1) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the company; (2) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and that receipts and expenditures of the company are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of the company; and (3) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use, or disposition of the company’s assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements.
Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.
In our opinion, the Company maintained, in all material respects, effective internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2014, based on criteria established in Internal Control - Integrated Framework (1992) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO).
We also have audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States), the consolidated balance sheets of Brookline Bancorp, Inc. and subsidiaries as of December 31, 2014 and 2013, and the related consolidated statements of income, comprehensive income, changes in stockholders’ equity, and cash flows for each of the years in the three-year period ended December 31, 2014, and our report dated March 2, 2015 expressed an unqualified opinion on those consolidated financial statements.
/s/ KPMG LLP
Boston, Massachusetts
March 2, 2015

F-2

REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM
The Board of Directors and Stockholders
Brookline Bancorp, Inc.:
We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of Brookline Bancorp, Inc. and subsidiaries (the Company) as of December 31, 2014 and 2013, and the related consolidated statements of income, comprehensive income, changes in stockholders’ equity, and cash flows for each of the years in the three‑year period ended December 31, 2014. These consolidated financial statements are the responsibility of the Company’s management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on these consolidated financial statements based on our audits.
We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States). Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement. An audit includes examining, on a test basis, evidence supporting the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. An audit also includes assessing the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall financial statement presentation. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.
In our opinion, the consolidated financial statements referred to above present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of Brookline Bancorp, Inc. and subsidiaries as of December 31, 2014 and 2013, and the results of their operations and their cash flows for each of the years in the three‑year period ended December 31, 2014, in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles.
We also have audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States), the Company’s internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2014, based on criteria established in Internal Control - Integrated Framework (1992) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO), and our report dated March 2, 2015 expressed an unqualified opinion on the effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting.
/s/ KPMG LLP
Boston, Massachusetts
March 2, 2015

F-3

BROOKLINE BANCORP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Consolidated Balance Sheets
 
At December 31,
 
2014
 
2013
 
(In Thousands Except Share Data)
ASSETS
 
 
 
Cash and due from banks
$
36,893

 
$
37,148

Short-term investments
25,830

 
55,357

Total cash and cash equivalents
62,723

 
92,505

Investment securities available-for-sale
550,761

 
492,428

Investment securities held-to-maturity (fair value of $500)
500

 
500

Total investment securities
551,261

 
492,928

Loans held-for-sale
1,537

 
13,372

Loans and leases:
 
 
 
Commercial real estate loans
2,467,801

 
2,203,623

Commercial loans and leases
1,167,094

 
965,610

Indirect automobile loans
316,987

 
400,531

Consumer loans
870,725

 
792,701

Total loans and leases
4,822,607

 
4,362,465

Allowance for loan and lease losses
(53,659
)
 
(48,473
)
Net loans and leases
4,768,948

 
4,313,992

Restricted equity securities
74,804

 
66,559

Premises and equipment, net of accumulated depreciation and amortization of $44,668 and $44,420, respectively
80,619

 
80,505

Deferred tax asset
27,687

 
31,710

Goodwill
137,890

 
137,890

Identified intangible assets, net of accumulated amortization of $26,238 and $22,895, respectively
13,544

 
16,887

Other real estate owned ("OREO") and repossessed assets, net
1,456

 
1,578

Other assets
79,411

 
77,180

Total assets
$
5,799,880

 
$
5,325,106

LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY
 
 
 
Deposits:
 
 
 
Non-interest-bearing deposits:
 
 
 
Demand checking accounts
$
726,118

 
$
707,023

Interest-bearing deposits:
 
 
 
NOW accounts
235,063

 
210,602

Savings accounts
531,727

 
494,734

Money market accounts
1,518,490

 
1,487,979

Certificate of deposit accounts
946,708

 
934,668

Total interest-bearing deposits
3,231,988

 
3,127,983

Total deposits
3,958,106

 
3,835,006

Borrowed funds:
 
 
 
Advances from the FHLBB
1,004,026

 
768,773

Subordinated debentures and notes
82,763

 
9,163

Other borrowed funds
39,615

 
34,619

Total borrowed funds
1,126,404

 
812,555

Mortgagors' escrow accounts
8,501

 
7,889

Accrued expenses and other liabilities
61,332

 
51,485

Total liabilities
5,154,343

 
4,706,935

 
 
 
 
Commitments and contingencies (Note 13)

 

Stockholders' Equity:
 
 
 
Brookline Bancorp, Inc. stockholders' equity:
 
 
 
Common stock, $0.01 par value; 200,000,000 shares authorized; 75,744,445 shares issued
757

 
757

Additional paid-in capital
617,475

 
617,538

Retained earnings, partially restricted
83,792

 
64,903

Accumulated other comprehensive loss
(1,622
)
 
(7,915
)
Treasury stock, at cost; 5,040,571 shares and 5,171,985 shares, respectively
(58,282
)
 
(59,826
)
Unallocated common stock held by Employee Stock Ownership Plan ("ESOP"); 251,382 shares and 291,666 shares, respectively
(1,370
)
 
(1,590
)
Total Brookline Bancorp, Inc. stockholders' equity
640,750

 
613,867

Noncontrolling interest in subsidiary
4,787

 
4,304

Total stockholders' equity
645,537

 
618,171

Total liabilities and stockholders' equity
$
5,799,880

 
$
5,325,106


See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.
F-4

BROOKLINE BANCORP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Consolidated Statements of Income
 
Year Ended December 31,
 
2014
 
2013
 
2012
 
(In Thousands Except Share Data)
Interest and dividend income:
 
 
 
 
 
Loans and leases
$
206,781

 
$
197,098

 
$
203,711

Debt securities
9,527

 
7,963

 
8,551

Marketable and restricted equity securities
2,072

 
1,212

 
730

Short-term investments
102

 
111

 
208

Total interest and dividend income
218,482

 
206,384

 
213,200

Interest expense:
 
 
 
 
 
Deposits
17,060

 
18,773

 
21,432

Borrowed funds
12,354

 
11,393

 
14,400

Total interest expense
29,414

 
30,166

 
35,832

Net interest income
189,068

 
176,218

 
177,368

Provision for credit losses
8,477

 
10,929

 
15,888

Net interest income after provision for credit losses
180,591

 
165,289

 
161,480

Non-interest income:
 
 
 
 
 
Deposit fees
8,692

 
8,172

 
8,224

Loan fees
2,070

 
1,601

 
1,636

Loss from investments in affordable housing projects
(2,060
)
 
(1,812
)
 
(694
)
Gain on sales of investment securities, net
65

 
397

 
926

Gain on sales of loans and leases held-for-sale
1,517

 
608

 
5

Gain on sales of loans and leases
—

 
—

 
1,898

Gain on sale/disposals of premises and equipment, net
1,502

 
—

 
—

Other
6,359

 
4,863

 
6,577

Total non-interest income
18,145

 
13,829

 
18,572

Non-interest expense:
 
 
 
 
 
Compensation and employee benefits
71,801

 
65,261

 
58,830

Occupancy
14,294

 
12,616

 
10,611

Equipment and data processing
17,020

 
16,899

 
14,540

Professional services
5,382

 
5,695

 
12,475

FDIC insurance
3,362

 
3,102

 
4,212

Advertising and marketing
3,058

 
3,003

 
2,984

Amortization of identified intangible assets
3,343

 
4,623

 
5,622

Other
10,925

 
11,265

 
11,068

Total non-interest expense
129,185

 
122,464

 
120,342

Income before provision for income taxes
69,551

 
56,654

 
59,710

Provision for income taxes
24,749

 
19,481

 
21,341

Net income before noncontrolling interest in subsidiary
44,802

 
37,173

 
38,369

Less net income attributable to noncontrolling interest in subsidiary
2,037

 
1,787

 
1,227

Net income attributable to Brookline Bancorp, Inc. 
$
42,765

 
$
35,386

 
$
37,142

Earnings per common share:
 
 
 
 
 
Basic
$
0.61

 
$
0.51

 
$
0.53

Diluted
0.61

 
0.51

 
0.53

Weighted average common shares outstanding during the year:
 
 
 
 
 
Basic
69,945,028

 
69,808,164

 
69,702,417

Diluted
70,054,815

 
69,883,924

 
69,746,256

Dividends declared per common share
$
0.34

 
$
0.34

 
$
0.34


See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.
F-5

BROOKLINE BANCORP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income
 
Year Ended December 31,
 
2014
 
2013
 
2012
 
(In Thousands)
Net income before noncontrolling interest in subsidiary
$
44,802

 
$
37,173

 
$
38,369

 
 
 
 
 
 
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of taxes:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Investment securities available-for-sale:
 
 
 
 
 
Unrealized securities holding gains (losses) excluding non-credit gain on impairment of securities
10,699

 
(18,710
)
 
3,396

Non-credit gain on impairment of securities
—

 
—

 
34

Income tax (expense) benefit
(4,058
)
 
7,275

 
(1,308
)
Net unrealized securities holding gains (losses) before reclassification adjustments
6,641

 
(11,435
)
 
2,122

Less reclassification adjustments for securities gains included in net income:
 
 
 
 
 
Gain on sales of securities, net
65

 
397

 
926

Income tax expense
(23
)
 
(142
)
 
(328
)
Net reclassification adjustments for securities gains included in net income
42

 
255

 
598

Net unrealized securities holding gains (losses)
6,599

 
(11,690
)
 
1,524

 
 
 
 
 
 
Postretirement benefits:
 
 
 
 
 
Adjustment of accumulated obligation for postretirement benefits
(498
)
 
468

 
(10
)
Income tax benefit (expense)
192

 
(176
)
 
6

Net adjustment of accumulated obligation for postretirement benefits
(306
)
 
292

 
(4
)
 
 
 
 
 
 
Net other comprehensive income (loss)
6,293

 
(11,398
)
 
1,520

 
 
 
 
 
 
Comprehensive income
51,095

 
25,775

 
39,889

Net income attributable to noncontrolling interest in subsidiary
2,037

 
1,787

 
1,227

Comprehensive income attributable to Brookline Bancorp, Inc. 
$
49,058

 
$
23,988

 
$
38,662


See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.
F-6

BROOKLINE BANCORP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Consolidated Statements of Changes in Stockholders' Equity
Year Ended December 31, 2014, 2013 and 2012
 
Common
Stock
 
Additional
Paid-in
Capital
 
Retained
Earnings
 
Accumulated
Other
Comprehensive
(Loss) Income
 
Treasury
Stock
 
Unallocated
Common Stock
Held by ESOP
 
Total Brookline
Bancorp, Inc.
Stockholders'
Equity
 
Noncontrolling
Interest in
Subsidiary
 
Total
Stockholders' Equity
 
(In Thousands)
Balance at December 31, 2013
$
757

 
$
617,538

 
$
64,903

 
$
(7,915
)
 
$
(59,826
)
 
$
(1,590
)
 
$
613,867

 
$
4,304

 
$
618,171

Net income attributable to Brookline Bancorp, Inc. 
—

 
—

 
42,765

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
42,765

 
—

 
42,765

Net income attributable to noncontrolling interest in subsidiary
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
2,037

 
2,037

Issuance of noncontrolling units

—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
60

 
60

Other comprehensive income
—

 
—

 
—

 
6,293

 
—

 
—

 
6,293

 
—

 
6,293

Common stock dividends of $0.34 per share
—

 
—

 
(23,876
)
 
—

 
—

 
—

 
(23,876
)
 
—

 
(23,876
)
Dividend distribution to owners of noncontrolling interest in subsidiary
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
(1,614
)
 
(1,614
)
Compensation under recognition and retention plan
—

 
(339
)
 
—

 
—

 
1,544

 
—

 
1,205

 
—

 
1,205

Common stock held by ESOP committed to be released (40,284 shares)
—

 
276

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
220

 
496

 
—

 
496

Balance at December 31, 2014
$
757

 
$
617,475

 
$
83,792

 
$
(1,622
)
 
$
(58,282
)
 
$
(1,370
)
 
$
640,750

 
$
4,787

 
$
645,537



See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.
F-7

BROOKLINE BANCORP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Consolidated Statements of Changes in Stockholders' Equity (Continued)
Year Ended December 31, 2014, 2013 and 2012
 
Common
Stock
 
Additional
Paid-in
Capital
 
Retained
Earnings
 
Accumulated
Other
Comprehensive
Income (loss)
 
Treasury
Stock
 
Unallocated
Common Stock
Held by ESOP
 
Total Brookline
Bancorp, Inc.
Stockholders'
Equity
 
Noncontrolling
Interest in
Subsidiary
 
Total Stockholders'
Equity
 
(In Thousands)
Balance at December 31, 2012
$
757

 
$
618,426

 
$
53,358

 
$
3,483

 
$
(62,107
)
 
$
(1,820
)
 
$
612,097

 
$
3,712

 
$
615,809

Net income attributable to Brookline Bancorp, Inc. 
—

 
—

 
35,386

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
35,386

 
—

 
35,386

Net income attributable to noncontrolling interest in subsidiary
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
1,787

 
1,787

Other comprehensive loss
—

 
—

 
—

 
(11,398
)
 
—

 
—

 
(11,398
)
 
—

 
(11,398
)
Common stock dividends of $0.34 per share
—

 
—

 
(23,841
)
 
—

 
—

 
—

 
(23,841
)
 
—

 
(23,841
)
Dividend distribution to owners of noncontrolling interest in subsidiary
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
(1,195
)
 
(1,195
)
Compensation under recognition and retention plans
—

 
1,393

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
1,393

 
—

 
1,393

Restricted stock awards issued, net of awards surrendered
—

 
(2,281
)
 
—

 
—

 
2,281

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

Common stock held by ESOP committed to be released (42,252 shares)
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
230

 
230

 
—

 
230

Balance at December 31, 2013
$
757

 
$
617,538

 
$
64,903

 
$
(7,915
)
 
$
(59,826
)
 
$
(1,590
)
 
$
613,867

 
$
4,304

 
$
618,171



See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.
F-8

BROOKLINE BANCORP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Consolidated Statements of Changes in Stockholders' Equity (Continued)
Year Ended December 31, 2014, 2013 and 2012
 
Common
Stock
 
Additional
Paid-in
Capital
 
Retained
Earnings
 
Accumulated
Other
Comprehensive
Income
 
Treasury
Stock
 
Unallocated
Common Stock
Held by ESOP
 
Total Brookline
Bancorp, Inc.
Stockholders'
Equity
 
Noncontrolling
Interest in
Subsidiary
 
Total Stockholders'
Equity
 
(In Thousands)
Balance at December 31, 2011
$
644

 
$
525,171

 
$
39,993

 
$
1,963

 
$
(62,107
)
 
$
(2,062
)
 
$
503,602

 
$
3,400

 
$
507,002

Net income attributable to Brookline Bancorp, Inc. 
—

 
—

 
37,142

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
37,142

 
—

 
37,142

Net income attributable to noncontrolling interest in subsidiary
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
1,227

 
1,227

Issuance of shares of common stock (10,997,840 shares)
113

 
92,709

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
92,822

 
—

 
92,822

Other comprehensive income
—

 
—

 
—

 
1,520

 
—

 
—

 
1,520

 
—

 
1,520

Common stock dividends of $0.34 per share
—

 
—

 
(23,777
)
 
—

 
—

 
—

 
(23,777
)
 
—

 
(23,777
)
Dividend distribution to owners of noncontrolling interest in subsidiary
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
(915
)
 
(915
)
Compensation under recognition and retention plans
—

 
546

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
546

 
—

 
546

Common stock held by ESOP committed to be released (44,292 shares)
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
242

 
242

 
—

 
242

Balance at December 31, 2012
$
757

 
$
618,426

 
$
53,358

 
$
3,483

 
$
(62,107
)
 
$
(1,820
)
 
$
612,097

 
$
3,712

 
$
615,809


See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.
F-9

BROOKLINE BANCORP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows
 
Year Ended December 31,
 
2014
 
2013
 
2012
 
(In Thousands)
Cash flows from operating activities:
 
 
 
 
 
Net income attributable to Brookline Bancorp, Inc. 
$
42,765

 
$
35,386

 
$
37,142

Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided from operating activities:

 

 

Net income attributable to noncontrolling interest in
subsidiary
2,037

 
1,787

 
1,227

Provision for credit losses
8,477

 
10,929

 
15,888

Origination of loans and leases held-for-sale
(21,365
)
 
(52,485
)
 
(101,286
)
Proceeds from sales of loans and leases held-for-sale
34,717

 
56,326

 
103,316

Proceeds from sales of OREO and other repossessed assets
12,317

 
11,857

 
1,572

Deferred income tax expense
180

 
2,444

 
663

Depreciation of premises and equipment
7,020

 
6,291

 
3,733

Amortization of investment securities premiums and discounts, net
2,656

 
3,200

 
4,486

Amortization of deferred loan and lease origination costs, net
9,890

 
7,749

 
10,121

Amortization of identified intangible assets
3,343

 
4,623

 
5,622

Amortization of debt issuance costs
29

 
—

 
—

Accretion of acquisition fair value adjustments, net
(11,217
)
 
(6,193
)
 
(12,121
)
Gain on sales of loans and leases held-for-sale
(1,517
)
 
(608
)
 
(5
)
Gain on sale of loans and leases
—

 
—

 
(1,898
)
Gain on sales of investment securities, net
(65
)
 
(397
)
 
(926
)
Loss (gain) on sales of OREO and other repossessed assets, net
11

 
(2
)
 
(194
)
Write-down of OREO and other repossessed assets
381

 
263

 
73

Gain on sales/disposals of premises and equipment, net
(1,502
)
 
—

 
—

Compensation under recognition and retention plans
1,205

 
1,393

 
546

Loss from investments in affordable housing projects
2,060

 
1,812

 
694

ESOP shares committed to be released
496

 
230

 
242

Net change in:

 

 

Cash surrender value of bank-owned life insurance
(1,054
)
 
(1,093
)
 
(1,165
)
Other assets
(3,237
)
 
5,398

 
(11,621
)
Accrued expenses and other liabilities
9,111

 
(2,850
)
 
3,202

Net cash provided from operating activities
96,738

 
86,060

 
59,311

 
 
 
 
 
 
Cash flows from investing activities:

 

 

Proceeds from sales of investment securities available-for-sale
5,485

 
1,210

 
166,201

Proceeds from maturities, calls, and principal repayments of investment securities available-for-sale
84,091

 
137,275

 
207,512

Purchases of investment securities available-for-sale
(139,866
)
 
(171,231
)
 
(326,104
)
Proceeds from maturities, calls, and principal repayments of investment securities held to maturity
500

 
—

 
—

Purchases of investment securities held-to-maturity
(500
)
 
—

 
—

Proceeds from redemption of restricted equity securities (FHLBB stock)
—

 
2,107

 
2,003

Purchase of restricted equity securities
(8,245
)
 
(5
)
 
(15,505
)
Proceeds from sales of loans and leases
—

 
—

 
21,904


See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.
F-10

BROOKLINE BANCORP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows (Continued)
 
Year Ended December 31,
 
2014
 
2013
 
2012
 
(In Thousands)
Net increase in loans and leases
(477,262
)
 
(220,021
)
 
(352,893
)
Acquisitions, net of cash and cash equivalents acquired
—

 
—

 
(89,258
)
Monies in escrow—Bancorp Rhode Island, Inc. acquisition
—

 
—

 
112,983

Proceeds from sales of premises and equipment
1,972

 
260

 
—

Purchase of premises and equipment, net
(7,782
)
 
(16,443
)
 
(23,664
)
Net cash used for investing activities
(541,607
)
 
(266,848
)
 
(296,821
)
 
 
 
 
 
 
Cash flows from financing activities:

 

 

Increase in demand checking, NOW, savings and money market accounts
$
111,060

 
$
295,020

 
$
312,644

Increase (decrease) in certificates of deposit
12,271

 
(76,620
)
 
(80,879
)
Proceeds from FHLBB advances
2,214,931

 
2,363,200

 
3,007,883

Repayment of FHLBB advances
(1,976,848
)
 
(2,381,917
)
 
(2,992,101
)
Proceeds from issuance of subordinated notes
73,495

 
—

 
—

Repayment of subordinated debentures
—

 
(3,000
)
 
—

Increase (decrease) in other borrowed funds, net
4,996

 
(16,394
)
 
25,023

Increase in mortgagors' escrow accounts, net
612

 
943

 
433

Payment of dividends on common stock
(23,876
)
 
(23,841
)
 
(23,777
)
Proceeds from issuance of noncontrolling units
60

 
—

 
—

Payment of dividends to owners of noncontrolling interest in subsidiary
(1,614
)
 
(1,195
)
 
(915
)
Net cash provided from financing activities
415,087

 
156,196

 
248,311

Net (decrease) increase in cash and cash equivalents
(29,782
)
 
(24,592
)
 
10,801

Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of year
92,505

 
117,097

 
106,296

Cash and cash equivalents at end of year
$
62,723

 
$
92,505

 
$
117,097

 

 

 

Supplemental disclosure of cash flow information:

 

 

Cash paid during the year for:

 

 

Interest on deposits, borrowed funds and subordinated debt
$
31,303

 
$
34,303

 
$
40,682

Income taxes
21,207

 
19,137

 
20,570

Non-cash investing activities:

 

 

Transfer from loans and leases to loan and leases held-for-sale
$
—

 
$
13,372

 
$
—

Transfer from loans to other real estate owned
12,587

 
12,205

 
386

Acquisition of Bancorp Rhode Island:

 

 

Fair value of assets acquired, net of cash and cash equivalents acquired
$
—

 
$
—

 
$
1,571,817

Fair value of liabilities assumed
—

 
—

 
1,481,535



See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.
F-11

BROOKLINE BANCORP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
December 31, 2014, 2013 and 2012
(1) Basis of Presentation
Overview
Brookline Bancorp, Inc. (the "Company") is a bank holding company (within the meaning of the Bank Holding Company Act of 1956, as amended) and the parent of Brookline Bank, a Massachusetts-chartered savings bank; Bank Rhode Island ("BankRI"), a Rhode Island-chartered financial institution; and First Ipswich Bank ("First Ipswich" and formerly known as the First National Bank of Ipswich), a Massachusetts-chartered savings bank (collectively referred to as the "Banks"). The Banks are all members of the Federal Reserve System. The Company is also the parent of Brookline Securities Corp. ("BSC"). The Company's primary business is to provide commercial, business and retail banking services to its corporate, municipal and individual customers through its banks and non-bank subsidiaries.
Brookline Bank, which includes its wholly-owned subsidiaries BBS Investment Corp. and Longwood Securities Corp., and its 84.7%-owned subsidiary, Eastern Funding LLC ("Eastern Funding"), operates 24 full-service banking offices in the greater Boston metropolitan area. BankRI, which includes its wholly-owned subsidiaries BRI Investment Corp., Macrolease Corporation ("Macrolease"), Acorn Insurance Agency and BRI Realty Corp., operates 19 full-service banking offices in the greater Providence area. First Ipswich, which includes its wholly-owned subsidiaries First Ipswich Securities II Corp. and First Ipswich Insurance Agency, operates 5 full-service banking offices on the north shore of eastern Massachusetts.
The Company's activities include acceptance of commercial, municipal and retail deposits, origination of mortgage loans on commercial and residential real estate located principally in Massachusetts and Rhode Island, origination of commercial loans and leases to small- and mid-sized businesses, investment in debt and equity securities, and the offering of cash management and investment advisory services. The Company also provides specialty equipment financing through its subsidiaries Eastern Funding, which is based in New York City, New York, and Macrolease, which is based in Plainview, New York. The Company ceased the origination of indirect automobile loans in December 2014.
The Company and the Banks are supervised, examined and regulated by the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System ("FRB"). As Massachusetts-chartered banks, Brookline Bank and First Ipswich are also subject to regulation under the laws of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts and the jurisdiction of the Massachusetts Division of Banks. BankRI is subject to regulation under the laws of the State of Rhode Island and the jurisdiction of the Banking Division of the Rhode Island Department of Business Regulation.
The Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation ("FDIC") offers insurance coverage on all deposits up to $250,000 per depositor at each of the three Banks. As FDIC-insured depository institutions, all three Banks are also secondarily subject to supervision, examination and regulation by the FDIC. Additionally, as a Massachusetts-chartered savings bank, Brookline Bank is also insured by the Depositors Insurance Fund ("DIF"), a private industry-sponsored insurance company. The DIF insures savings bank deposits in excess of the FDIC insurance limits. As such, Brookline Bank offers 100% insurance on all deposits as a result of a combination of insurance from the FDIC and the DIF. Brookline Bank is required to file reports with the DIF.
Basis of Financial Statement Presentation
The Company's consolidated financial statements have been prepared in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles ("GAAP") as set forth by the Financial Accounting Standards Board ("FASB") in its Accounting Standards Codification and through the rules and interpretive releases of the Securities and Exchange Commission ("SEC") under the authority of federal securities laws.
The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company and its wholly-owned subsidiaries. All significant intercompany transactions and balances are eliminated in consolidation.
In preparing these consolidated financial statements, management is required to make significant estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, income, expenses and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities. Actual results could differ from those estimates based upon changing conditions, including economic conditions and future events. Material estimates that are particularly susceptible to significant change in the near-term include the determination of the allowance for loan and lease losses, the determination of fair market values of assets and liabilities, including acquired loans, the review of goodwill and intangibles for impairment and the review of deferred tax assets for valuation allowance.

F-12
BROOKLINE BANCORP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
December 31, 2014, 2013 and 2012

The judgments used by management in applying these critical accounting policies may be affected by a further and prolonged deterioration in the economic environment, which may result in changes to future financial results. For example, subsequent evaluations of the loan and lease portfolio, in light of the factors then prevailing, may result in significant changes in the allowance for loan and lease losses in future periods, and the inability to collect outstanding principal may result in increased loan and lease losses.
Reclassification
Certain previously reported amounts have been reclassified to conform to the current year's presentation. These reclassifications did not change stockholders' equity or net income reported.
Cash and Cash Equivalents
For purposes of reporting asset balances and cash flows, cash and cash equivalents includes cash on hand and due from banks (including cash items in process of clearing), interest-bearing deposits with banks, federal funds sold, money market mutual funds and other short-term investments with original maturities of three months or less.
Investment Securities
Investment securities, other than those reported as short-term investments, are classified at the time of purchase as "available-for-sale," "held-to-maturity," or "trading." Classification is periodically re-evaluated for consistency with the Company's goals and objectives. Equity investments in the Federal Home Loan Bank of Boston ("FHLBB") and the Federal Reserve Bank of Boston are discussed in more detail in Note 5, "Restricted Equity Securities."
Investment Securities Available-for-Sale and Held-to-Maturity
Investment securities for which the Company has the positive intent and ability to hold to maturity are classified as held-to-maturity and carried at amortized cost. Those investment securities held for indefinite periods of time but not necessarily to maturity are classified as available-for-sale. Investment securities held for indefinite periods of time include investment securities that management intends to use as part of its asset/liability, liquidity, and/or capital management strategies and may be sold in response to changes in interest rates, maturities, asset/liability mix, liquidity needs, regulatory capital needs or other business factors. Investment securities available-for-sale are carried at estimated fair value, primarily obtained from a third-party pricing service, with unrealized gains and losses reported on an after-tax basis in stockholders' equity as accumulated other comprehensive income or loss. As of December 31, 2014 and 2013, the Company did not make any adjustments to the prices provided by the third-party pricing service.
Security transactions are recorded on the trade date. Realized gains and losses are determined using the specific identification method and are recorded in non-interest income. Interest and dividends on securities are recorded using the accrual method. Premiums and discounts on securities are amortized or accreted into interest income using the level-yield method over the remaining period to contractual maturity, adjusted for the effect of actual prepayments in the case of mortgage-backed securities ("MBSs") and collateralized mortgage obligations ("CMOs"). These estimates of prepayment assumptions are made based upon the actual performance of the underlying security, current interest rates, the general market consensus regarding changes in mortgage interest rates, the contractual repayment terms of the underlying loans, the priority rights of the investors to the cash flows from the mortgage securities and other economic conditions. When differences arise between anticipated prepayments and actual prepayments, the effective yield is recalculated to reflect actual payments to date and anticipated future payments. Unamortized premium or discount is adjusted to the amount that would have existed had the new effective yield been applied since purchase, with a corresponding charge or credit to interest income.
Management evaluates securities for other-than-temporary impairment ("OTTI") on a periodic basis. Factors considered in determining whether an impairment is OTTI include: (1) the length of time and the extent to which the fair value has been less than amortized cost, (2) projected future cash flows, (3) the financial condition and near-term prospects of the issuers and (4) the intent and ability of the Company to hold the investment for a period of time sufficient to allow for any anticipated recovery in fair value. The Company records an OTTI loss in an amount equal to the entire difference between the fair value and amortized cost if (1) the Company intends to sell an impaired investment security, (2) it is more likely than not that the Company will be required to sell the investment security before its amortized costs or (3) for debt securities, the present value of expected future cash flows is not sufficient to recover the entire amortized cost basis. If an investment security is determined to be OTTI but the Company does not intend to sell the investment security, only the credit portion of the estimated loss is recognized in earnings, with the non credit portion of the loss recognized in other comprehensive income.

F-13
BROOKLINE BANCORP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
December 31, 2014, 2013 and 2012

Restricted Equity Securities
The Company invests in the stock of the FHLBB, the Federal Reserve Bank of Boston and a small amount of other restricted securities. No ready market exists for these stocks, and they have no quoted market values. The Banks, as members of the FHLBB, are required to maintain investments in the capital stock of the FHLBB equal to their membership base investments plus an activity-based investment determined according to the Banks' level of outstanding FHLBB advances. Federal Reserve Bank of Boston stock was purchased at par and is redeemable at par. The Company reviews for impairment of these securities based on the ultimate recoverability of the cost basis in the stock. At December 31, 2014, no impairment has been recognized.
Loans
Originated Loans
Loans the Company originates for the portfolio, and for which it has the intent and ability to hold to maturity, are reported at amortized cost, inclusive of deferred loan origination fees and expenses, less unadvanced funds due borrowers on loans and the allowance for loan and lease losses.
Interest income on loans and leases originated for the portfolio is accrued on unpaid principal balances as earned. Loan origination fees and direct loan origination costs are deferred, and the net fee or cost is recognized in interest income using the interest method. Deferred amounts are recognized for fixed-rate loans over the contractual life of the loans and for adjustable-rate loans over the period of time required to adjust the contractual interest rate to a yield approximating a market rate at the origination date. If a loan is prepaid, the unamortized portion of the loan origination costs, including those indirect-automobile-related costs not subject to rebate from the dealer, is charged to income.
Loans and Leases Held-for-Sale
Management identifies and designates certain newly originated loans and leases for sale to specific financial institutions, subject to the underwriting criteria of those financial institutions. These loans and leases are held for sale and are carried at the lower of cost or market as determined in the aggregate. Deferred loan fees and costs are included in the determination of the gain or loss on sale.
Acquired Loans
Acquired loans that have evidence of deterioration of credit quality since origination and for which it is probable, at acquisition, that the Corporation will be unable to collect all contractually required payments receivable are initially recorded at fair value (as determined by the present value of expected future cash flows) with no valuation allowance. The difference between the undiscounted cash flows expected at acquisition and the recorded fair value of the loan, or the “accretable yield,” is recognized as interest income on a level-yield method over the life of the loan. Contractually required payments for interest and principal that exceed the undiscounted cash flows expected at acquisition, or the “nonaccretable difference,” are not recognized as a yield adjustment or as a loss accrual or a valuation allowance. Increases in expected cash flows subsequent to the initial investment are recognized prospectively through adjustment of the yield on the loan over its remaining life. Decreases in expected cash flows are recognized as impairment. Valuation allowances on these impaired loans reflect only losses incurred after the acquisition (meaning the present value of all cash flows expected at acquisition that ultimately are not to be received).
Nonperforming Loans
Nonaccrual Loans
Accrual of interest on loans generally is discontinued when contractual payment of principal or interest becomes past due 90 days or, if in management's judgment, reasonable doubt exists as to the full timely collection of interest. Exceptions may be made if the loan has matured and is in the process of renewal or is well-secured and in the process of collection. When a loan is placed on nonaccrual status, interest accruals cease and uncollected accrued interest is reversed and charged against current interest income. Interest payments on nonaccrual loans are generally applied to principal. If collection of the principal is reasonably assured, interest payments are recognized as income on the cash basis. Loans are generally returned to accrual status when principal and interest payments are current, full collectability of principal and interest is reasonably assured and a consistent record of at least six consecutive months of performance has been achieved.

F-14
BROOKLINE BANCORP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
December 31, 2014, 2013 and 2012

Impaired Loans
A loan is considered to be impaired when, based on current information and events, it is probable that the Company will be unable to collect all amounts due (both interest and principal) according to the contractual terms of the loan agreement. Smaller-balance, homogeneous loans that are evaluated collectively for impairment, such as indirect automobile, residential, home equity and other consumer loans are specifically excluded from the impaired loan portfolio except where the loan is classified as a troubled debt restructuring. The Company has defined the population of impaired loans to include nonaccrual loans and troubled debt restructured loans.
The value of an impaired loan is measured based upon the present value of expected future cash flows discounted at the loan's effective interest rate, or the fair value of the collateral if the loan is collateral-dependent and its payment is expected solely based on the underlying collateral. For impaired loans deemed collateral dependent, where impairment is measured using the fair value of the collateral, the Company will either obtain a new appraisal or use another available source of collateral assessment to determine a reasonable estimate of the fair value of the collateral.
Interest collected on impaired loans is either applied against principal or reported as income according to management's judgment as to the collectability of principal. If management does not consider a loan ultimately collectible within an acceptable time frame, payments are applied as principal to reduce the loan balance. If full collection of the remaining recorded investment should subsequently occur, interest receipts are recorded as interest income on a cash basis.
Troubled Debt Restructured Loans
In cases where a borrower experiences financial difficulties and the Company makes certain concessionary modifications to contractual terms, the loan is classified as a troubled debt restructured loan. In determining whether a debtor is experiencing financial difficulties, the Company considers, among other factors, if the debtor is in payment default or is likely to be in payment default in the foreseeable future without the modification, the debtor declared or is in the process of declaring bankruptcy, there is substantial doubt that the debtor will continue as a going concern, the debtor's entity-specific projected cash flows will not be sufficient to service its debt, or the debtor cannot obtain funds from sources other than the existing creditors at market terms for debt with similar risk characteristics.
Large groups of small-balance homogeneous loans such as the residential real estate, residential construction, home equity and other consumer portfolios are collectively evaluated for impairment. As such, the Company does not typically identify individual loans within these groupings as impaired loans or for impairment evaluation and disclosure. However, the Company evaluates all TDRs for impairment on an individual loan basis regardless of loan type.
Modifications may include interest-rate reductions, short-term (defined as one year or less) changes in payment structure to interest-only payments, short-term extensions of the loan's original contractual term or, less frequently, principal forgiveness, interest capitalization, forbearance and other actions intended to minimize the economic loss and to avoid foreclosure or repossession of collateral. Typically, troubled debt restructurings are placed on nonaccrual status and reported as nonperforming loans. Generally, a nonaccrual loan that is restructured remains on nonaccrual for a period of six months to demonstrate the borrower can meet the restructured terms; however, performance prior to the restructuring, or significant events that coincide with the restructuring, are considered in assessing whether the borrower can meet the new terms and may result in the loan being returned to accrual status at the time of restructuring or after a shorter performance period. If the borrower's ability to meet the revised payment schedule is not reasonably assured, the loan remains classified as a nonaccrual loan.
Loans restructured at an interest rate equal to or greater than that of a new loan with comparable risk at the time of the loan agreement is modified may be excluded from restructured loan disclosures in years subsequent to the restructuring if they are in compliance with the modified terms.
Allowance for Loan and Lease Losses
Additions to the allowance for loan and lease losses are made by charges to the provision for credit losses. Losses on loans and leases are charged off against the allowance when all or a portion of a loan or lease is considered uncollectible. Subsequent recoveries on loans previously charged off, if any, are credited to the allowance when realized
The allowance for loan and lease losses consists of general, specific and unallocated reserves and reflects management's estimate of probable loan and lease losses inherent in the loan portfolio at the balance sheet date. Management uses a consistent and systematic process and methodology to evaluate the adequacy of the allowance for loan and lease losses on a quarterly basis. The allowance is calculated by loan category, including commercial real estate loans, commercial loans and leases,

F-15
BROOKLINE BANCORP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
December 31, 2014, 2013 and 2012

indirect automobile loans and consumer loans; with each of these categories further segregated into classes. A formula-based credit evaluation approach is applied to each group, coupled with an analysis of certain loans for impairment.
The process to determine the allowance for loan and lease losses requires management to exercise considerable judgment regarding the risk characteristics of the loan portfolio categories and the effect of relevant internal and external factors. The reasonableness of prior judgments is evaluated on a quarterly basis by comparison of estimated loan and lease losses to loan and lease losses actually incurred. In addition, various regulatory agencies, as an integral part of their examination process, periodically review the Company's allowance for loan and lease losses. Such agencies may require the Company to change the allowance based on their judgments of information available to them at the time of their examination.
General Allowance
The general allowance related to loans collectively evaluated for impairment is determined using a formula-based approach utilizing the risk ratings of individual credits and loss factors derived from historic portfolio loss rates which includes estimates of incurred losses over an estimated loss emergence period (“LEP”). The LEP was generated utilizing a charge-off look-back analyses which studied the time from the first indication of elevated risk of repayment (or other early event indicating a problem) to eventual charge-off to support the LEP considered in the allowance calculation. This reserving methodology established the approximate number of months of a LEP that incurred losses should be carried for each portfolio. Other relevant qualitative factors include, but are not limited to, historic levels and trends in loan charge-offs and recoveries; past-due loans; risk-rated loans; classified loans and impaired loans; the pace of loan growth; underwriting policies and adherence to such policies; changes in credit concentration; the experience of lending personnel and management; trends in the economy and employment; business conditions; industry conditions; and political, legislative and regulatory changes. The general allowance related to the acquired loans collectively evaluated for impairment are determined based upon the degree, if any, of deterioration in the pooled loans subsequent to acquisition. The qualitative factors used in the determination are the same as those used for originated loans.
Specific Allowance
Specific valuation allowances are established for impaired originated loans with book values greater than the discounted present value of expected future cash flows or, in the case of collateral-dependent impaired loans, for any excess of a loan's book balance and the fair value of its underlying collateral. Specific valuation allowances are established for acquired loans with deterioration in the discounted present value of expected further cash flows since acquisitions or, in the case of collateral dependent impaired loans, for any increase in the excess of a loan's book balance greater than the fair value of its underlying collateral. A specific valuation allowance for losses on troubled debt restructured loans is determined by comparing the net carrying amount of the troubled debt restructured loan with the restructured loan's cash flows discounted at the original effective rate. Impaired loans are reviewed quarterly with adjustments made to the calculated reserve as deemed necessary.
Unallocated Allowance
Determination of the unallocated portion of the allowance is a subjective process. Management believes the unallocated allowance is an important component of the total allowance because it addresses the probable inherent risk of loss that exists in that part of the Company's loan portfolio with repayment terms that extend over many years. It also helps to minimize the risk related to the margin of imprecision inherent in the estimation of the allocated components of the allowance. The Company has not allocated the unallocated portion of the allowance to the various loan categories and classes because such an allocation would imply a degree of precision that does not exist.
Liability for Unfunded Commitments
In the ordinary course of business, the Company enters into commitments to extend credit, commercial letters of credit, and standby letters of credit. Such financial instruments are recorded in the financial statements when they become payable. The credit risk associated with these commitments is evaluated in a manner similar to the allowance for loan losses.
Premises and Equipment
Premises and equipment are carried at cost less accumulated depreciation and amortization, except for land which is carried at cost. Premises and equipment are depreciated using the straight-line method over the estimated useful life of the assets. Leasehold improvements are amortized using the straight-line method over the shorter of the lease term or the estimated useful life of the improvements.

F-16
BROOKLINE BANCORP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
December 31, 2014, 2013 and 2012

Costs related to internal-use software development projects that provide significant new functionality are capitalized. Internal-use software is software acquired or modified solely to meet the Company's needs and for which there is no plan to market the software externally. Direct and indirect costs associated with the application development stage of internal use software are capitalized until such time that the software is substantially complete and ready for its intended use. Capitalized costs are amortized on a straight-line basis over the remaining estimated life of the software. Computer software and development costs incurred in the preliminary project stage, as well as training and maintenance costs, are expensed as incurred.
Leases
The Company leases properties for offices and branches in the states of Massachusetts, Rhode Island and New York. Lease terms range from five years to over 20 years with options to renew. Management performs an analysis to determine proper lease accounting at lease inception and for each renewal. If a lease meets any of the following four criteria, the lease is classified as capital lease. The four criteria are: transfer of ownership by the end of lease term; contains bargain purchase option; lease term is at least 75% of the property’s estimated remaining economic life; or present value of the minimum lease payment is at least 90% of the fair value of the leased property. The Company did not have any capital leases at December 31, 2014 and 2013. All leases are classified as operating leases and rental payments are expensed as incurred. Certain leases contain rent escalation clauses which are amortized over the life of the lease under the straight-line method.
Bank-Owned Life Insurance
The Company acquired bank-owned life insurance ("BOLI") plans as part of its acquisitions of First Ipswich and BankRI. BOLI represents life insurance on the lives of certain current and former employees who have provided positive consent allowing their employer to be the beneficiary of such policies. BankRI and First Ipswich are the beneficiaries of their respective policies. BankRI and First Ipswich utilize BOLI as tax-efficient financing for their benefit obligations to their employees, including their retirement obligations and Supplemental Executive Retirement Plans ("SERPs").
Since BankRI and First Ipswich are the primary beneficiaries of their respective insurance policies, increases in the cash value of the policies, as well as insurance proceeds received, are recorded in non-interest income and are not subject to income taxes. BOLI is recorded at the cash value of the policies, less any applicable cash surrender charges, and is reflected as an asset in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets. Cash proceeds, if any, are classified as cash flows from investing activities.
The Company reviews the financial strength of the insurance carriers prior to the purchase of BOLI to ensure minimum credit ratings of at least investment grade. The financial strength of the carriers is reviewed at least annually and BOLI with any individual carrier is limited to 10% of the Company's capital and 25% of capital in the aggregate.
Goodwill and Other Identified Intangible Assets
Goodwill represents the excess of the cost of an acquisition over the fair value of the net assets acquired. Goodwill and indefinite-lived identified intangible assets are not subject to amortization. Definite-lived identified intangible assets are assets resulting from acquisitions that are being amortized over their estimated useful lives. The recoverability of goodwill and identified intangible assets is evaluated for impairment at least annually. As part of this evaluation, the Company makes a qualitative assessment of whether it is more likely than not that the fair value of an acquired asset is greater than its carrying amount. If the Company qualitatively concludes that it is more likely than not that the fair value of an acquired asset is greater than its carrying amount, no further testing is necessary. If, however, the Company qualitatively concludes that it is more likely than not that the fair value of an acquired asset is less than its carrying value, the Company performs a two-step quantitative impairment test to determine whether the asset is impaired. If impairment is deemed to have occurred, the amount of impairment is charged to expense when identified.
OREO and Other Repossessed Assets
OREO and other repossessed assets consists of properties acquired through foreclosure, real estate acquired through acceptance of a deed in lieu of foreclosure and loans determined to be substantively repossessed. Real estate loans that are substantively repossessed include only those loans for which the Company has taken possession of the collateral. OREO and repossessed assets which consist of vehicles and equipment, if any, are recorded initially at estimated fair value less costs to sell, resulting in a new cost basis. The amount by which the recorded investment in the loan exceeds the fair value (net of estimated cost to sell) of the foreclosed or repossessed asset is charged to the allowance for loan and lease losses. Such evaluations are based on an analysis of individual properties/assets as well as a general assessment of current real estate market

F-17
BROOKLINE BANCORP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
December 31, 2014, 2013 and 2012

conditions. Subsequent declines in the fair value of the foreclosed or repossessed asset below the new cost basis are recorded through the use of a valuation allowance. Subsequent increases in the fair value are recorded as reductions in the allowance, but not below zero. Rental revenue received on foreclosed or repossessed assets is included in other non-interest income, whereas operating expenses and changes in the valuation allowance relating to foreclosed and repossessed assets are included in other non-interest expense. Certain costs used to improve such properties are capitalized. Gains and losses from the sale of OREO and repossessed assets are reflected in non-interest expense when realized. Together with nonperforming loans, OREO and repossessed assets comprise nonperforming assets.
Derivatives
The Company enters into interest rate swap agreements as part of the Company's interest-rate risk management strategy for certain assets and liabilities and not for speculative purposes. Based on the Company's intended use for the interest rate swap at inception, the Company designates the derivative as either an economic hedge of an asset or liability or a hedging instrument subject to the hedge accounting provisions of FASB ASC Topic 815, "Derivatives and Hedging."
Interest rate swaps designated as economic hedges are recorded at fair value within other assets or liabilities. Changes in the fair value of these derivatives are recorded directly through earnings at each reporting period.
Transfer of Financial Assets
Transfers of financial assets are accounted for as sales when control over the assets has been surrendered. Control over transferred assets is deemed to be surrendered when (1) the assets have been isolated from the Company, (2) the transferee obtains the right (free of conditions that constrain it from taking advantage of that right) to pledge or exchange the transferred assets, and (3) the Company does not maintain effective control over the transferred assets through an agreement to repurchase them before their maturity.
Securities Sold under Agreements to Repurchase
The Company enters into sales of securities under agreements to repurchase with the Banks' commercial customers. These agreements are treated as financings, and the obligations to repurchase securities sold are reflected as a liability in the consolidated balance sheets. Securities pledged as collateral under agreements to repurchase are reflected as assets in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets.
Employee Benefits
Costs related to the Company's 401(k) plans are recognized over the vesting period or charged against current operations in the year made depending on the plan. Costs related to the Company's nonqualified deferred compensation plan, SERPs and postretirement benefits are recognized over the vesting period or the related service periods of the participating employees. Changes in the funded status of postretirement benefits are recognized through comprehensive income in the year in which changes occur.
Compensation expense for ESOP is recorded at an amount equal to the shares allocated by the ESOP multiplied by the average fair market value of the shares during the year. The Company recognizes compensation expense ratably over the year based upon the Company's estimate of the number of shares expected to be allocated by the ESOP. The difference between the average fair market value and the cost of the shares allocated by the ESOP is recorded as an adjustment to additional paid-in capital.
The fair value of restricted common stock awards and stock option grants is determined as of the grant date and is recorded as compensation expense over the period in which the shares of restricted common stock awards and stock options vest. Forfeitures are estimated in determining compensation expense.
Fair Value Measurements
ASC 820-10, "Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures," defines fair value as the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants. A fair value measurement assumes that the transaction to sell the asset or transfer the liability occurs in the principal market for the asset or liability or, in the absence of a principal market, the most advantageous market for the asset or liability. The price in the principal (or most advantageous) market used to measure the fair value of the asset or liability is not adjusted for transaction costs. An orderly transaction is a transaction that assumes exposure to the market for a period prior to the measurement date to allow for marketing activities that

F-18
BROOKLINE BANCORP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
December 31, 2014, 2013 and 2012

are usual and customary for transactions involving such assets and liabilities. It is not a forced transaction. Market participants are buyers and sellers in the principal market that are independent, knowledgeable, able to transact and willing to transact.
A fair-value hierarchy for valuation inputs that gives the highest priority to quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities and the lowest priority to unobservable inputs are included in ASC 820. The fair value hierarchy is as follows:
Level 1: Inputs are unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for assets and liabilities identical to those reported at fair value.
Level 2: Inputs other than quoted prices included within Level 1. Level 2 inputs are observable either directly or indirectly. These inputs might include quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities in active markets, quoted prices for identical or similar assets in markets that are not active, inputs other than quoted prices that are observable for the asset or liability (such as interest rates, volatilities, prepayment speeds, credit risks, etc.) or inputs that are derived principally from or corroborated by market data by correlation or other means.
Level 3: Inputs are unobservable inputs for an asset or liability that reflect an entity's own assumptions about the assumptions that market participants would use in pricing the assets or liabilities. These inputs are used to determine fair value only when observable inputs are not available.
Earnings per Common Share
Basic earnings per share ("EPS") is computed by dividing net income by the weighted average number of shares of common stock outstanding for the applicable period, exclusive of Treasury shares, unearned ESOP shares and unvested restricted shares. Diluted EPS is calculated after adjusting the denominator of the basic EPS calculation for the effect of all potential dilutive common shares outstanding during the period. The dilutive effects of options and unvested restricted stock awards are computed using the "treasury stock" method. Management evaluated the "two class" method and concluded that the method did not apply to the Company's EPS calculation.
Income Taxes
Income taxes are accounted for under the asset and liability method. Under this method, deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for the future tax consequences attributable to differences between the financial statement carrying amounts of existing assets and liabilities and their respective tax bases.
Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured using enacted tax rates expected to apply to taxable income in the years in which those temporary differences are expected to be recovered or settled. The effect on deferred tax assets and liabilities of a change in tax rates is recognized in income in the period that includes the enactment date.
Tax positions that are more likely than not to be sustained upon a tax examination are recognized in the Company's financial statements to the extent that the benefit is greater than 50% likely of being recognized. Interest resulting from underpayment of income taxes is classified as income tax expense in the first period the interest would begin accruing according to the provision of the relevant tax law. Penalties resulting from underpayment of income taxes are classified as income tax expense in the period for which the Company claims or expects to claim an uncertain tax position or in the period in which the Company's judgment changes regarding an uncertain tax position.
Tax credits generated from the refurbishment of the corporate headquarters and investments in affordable housing projects are reflected in earnings when realized for federal income tax purposes.
Treasury Stock
Shares repurchased under the Company's share repurchase programs were purchased in open-market transactions and are held as treasury stock. Treasury stock also consists of common stock withheld to satisfy federal, state and local income tax withholding requirements for vested employee restricted stock awards. All treasury stock is held at cost.
Segment Reporting
An operating segment is defined as a component of a business for which separate financial information is available that is evaluated regularly by the chief operating decision-maker in deciding how to allocate resources and evaluate performance. The Company is a bank holding company with subsidiaries engaged in the business of banking and activities closely related to

F-19
BROOKLINE BANCORP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
December 31, 2014, 2013 and 2012

banking. The Company's banking business provided substantially all of its total revenues and pre-tax income in 2014, 2013 and 2012. Therefore, the Company has determined there to be a single segment.
Recent Accounting Pronouncements
In August 2014, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update ("ASU") 2014-15, Disclosures of Uncertainties About an Entity’s Ability to Continue as a Going Concern. This ASU provides guidance on determining when and how reporting entities must disclose going concern uncertainties in their financial statements. The new standard requires management to perform interim and annual assessments of an entity’s ability to continue as a going concern within one year of the date of issuance of the entity’s financial statements. Further, an entity must provide certain disclosures if there is “substantial doubt about the entity’s ability to continue as a going concern.” The ASU is effective for interim and annual periods beginning after December 15, 2016; early application is permitted. The Company has chosen not to early adopt ASU 2014-15. Management does not expect material impact, if any, as of December 31, 2014.

In May 2014, the FASB issued ASU 2014-09, Revenue From Contracts with Customers. This ASU provides a single principles-based, five-step model to be applied to all contracts with customers. The ASU applies to all contracts with customers except those that are within the scope of other topics in the FASB Accounting Standards Codification. The ASU is effective for annual periods (including interim reporting periods within those periods) beginning after December 15, 2016; early application is not permitted. The Company is currently assessing the applicability of this ASU and has not determined the impact, if any, as of December 31, 2014.

In January 2014, the FASB issued ASU 2014-04, Receivables-Troubled Debt Restructurings by Creditors. This ASU provides clarification on when an in substance repossession or foreclosure occurs resulting in the creditor derecognizing the loan and recognizing the collateral. Currently, there is no definition of in substance repossession or foreclosure and physical possession in the accounting literature. This ASU is applied retrospectively or effective prospectively for all annual periods presented beginning after December 15, 2014; early adoption is permitted. The Company has adopted ASU 2014-04 as of January 2015 and has determined the impact to be immaterial to the financial statements.

In January 2014, the FASB issued ASU 2014-01, Accounting for Investments in Qualified Affordable Housing Projects. This ASU provides guidance on accounting for investments by a reporting entity in flow-through limited liability entities. Currently, investments in qualified affordable housing projects are accounted for either by the effective yield, equity or cost method. This ASU allows for reporting entities to make a policy election on how to account for their investments. This ASU is applied retrospectively or effective prospectively for all annual periods presented beginning after December 15, 2014; early adoption is permitted. The Company has adopted ASU 2014-01 as of January 2015 and has determined the impact to be immaterial to the financial statements.
(2) Acquisitions
Bancorp Rhode Island, Inc.
On January 1, 2012 (the "BankRI Acquisition Date"), the Company acquired all the assets and liabilities of Bancorp Rhode Island, Inc., the bank holding company for BankRI. As part of the acquisition, Bancorp Rhode Island, Inc. was merged into the Company and no longer exists as a separate entity. BankRI, a commercial bank with 19 branches serving businesses and individuals in Rhode Island and Massachusetts, continues to operate as a separate bank subsidiary of the Company.
Total consideration paid in the acquisition was $205.8 million, which consisted of approximately 11 million shares of stock with a total par value of approximately $0.1 million and a fair value of $92.8 million and $113.0 million in cash. Stock consideration was paid at the rate of 4.686 shares of Brookline Bancorp common stock per share of Bancorp Rhode Island, Inc. common stock. The assets acquired and the liabilities assumed in the acquisition were recorded by the Company at their estimated fair values as of the BankRI Acquisition Date.
(3) Cash and Short-Term Investments
Banks are required to maintain average reserve balances with the Federal Reserve Bank based upon a percentage of certain of the Banks' deposits. As of December 31, 2014 and 2013, the average amount required to be held was $7.4 million and $5.3 million, respectively. Aggregate reserve balances included in cash and cash equivalents were $33.6 million and $54.2 million, respectively, at December 31, 2014 and 2013.

F-20
BROOKLINE BANCORP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
December 31, 2014, 2013 and 2012

Short-term investments are summarized as follows:
 
At December 31,
 
2014
 
2013
 
(In Thousands)
FRB interest bearing reserve
$
19,789

 
$
41,396

FHLB overnight deposits
5,708

 
12,714

Federal funds sold
322

 
1,237

Other interest bearing deposits
11

 
10

Total short-term investments
$
25,830

 
$
55,357

Short-term investments are stated at cost which approximates market value. Money market funds are invested in mutual funds whose assets are comprised primarily of U.S. Treasury obligations, commercial paper and certificates of deposit with maturities of 90 days or less.
(4) Investment Securities
The following tables set forth investment securities available-for-sale and held-to-maturity at the dates indicated:
 
At December 31, 2014
 
Amortized
Cost
 
Gross
Unrealized
Gains
 
Gross
Unrealized
Losses
 
Estimated
Fair Value
 
(In Thousands)
Debt securities:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
GSEs
$
22,929

 
$
88

 
$
29

 
$
22,988

GSE CMOs
238,910

 
80

 
4,821

 
234,169

GSE MBSs
249,329

 
2,531

 
879

 
250,981

SBA commercial loan asset-backed securities
205

 
—

 
2

 
203

Corporate debt obligations
39,805

 
403

 
1

 
40,207

Trust preferred securities
1,463

 
—

 
223

 
1,240

Total debt securities
552,641

 
3,102

 
5,955

 
549,788

Marketable equity securities
947

 
26

 
—

 
973

Total investment securities available-for-sale
$
553,588

 
$
3,128

 
$
5,955

 
$
550,761

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Investment securities held-to-maturity
$
500

 
$
—

 
$
—

 
$
500



F-21
BROOKLINE BANCORP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
December 31, 2014, 2013 and 2012

 
At December 31, 2013
 
Amortized
Cost
 
Gross
Unrealized
Gains
 
Gross
Unrealized
Losses
 
Estimated
Fair Value
 
(In Thousands)
Debt securities:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
GSEs
$
12,138

 
$
42

 
$
—

 
$
12,180

GSE CMOs
254,331

 
86

 
10,773

 
243,644

GSE MBSs
202,478

 
1,852

 
4,929

 
199,401

Private-label CMOs
3,258

 
115

 
18

 
3,355

SBA commercial loan asset-backed securities
245

 
—

 
2

 
243

Auction-rate municipal obligations
1,900

 
—

 
125

 
1,775

Municipal obligations
1,068

 
18

 
—

 
1,086

Corporate debt obligations
27,751

 
506

 
33

 
28,224

Trust preferred securities and pools
1,461

 
—

 
251

 
1,210

Total debt securities
504,630

 
2,619

 
16,131

 
491,118

Marketable equity securities
1,259

 
61

 
10

 
1,310

Total investment securities available-for-sale
$
505,889

 
$
2,680

 
$
16,141

 
$
492,428

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Investment securities held-to-maturity
$
500

 
$
—

 
$
—

 
$
500

At December 31, 2014, the fair value of all securities available-for-sale was $550.8 million and carried a total of $2.8 million of net unrealized losses, compared to a fair value of $492.4 million and a net unrealized loss of $13.5 million at December 31, 2013. At December 31, 2014, $335.7 million, or 60.9%, of the portfolio, had gross unrealized losses of $6.0 million. This compares to 383.3 million, or 77.8%, of the portfolio with gross unrealized losses of $16.1 million at December 31, 2013. The decrease in the unrealized loss position in 2014 was primarily driven by decreasing interest rates during the year.
Investment Securities as Collateral
At December 31, 2014 and 2013, respectively, $473.1 million and $402.5 million of investment securities available-for-sale were pledged as collateral for repurchase agreements; municipal deposits; treasury, tax and loan deposits; swap agreements; and FHLBB borrowings. The Banks did not have any outstanding FRB borrowings at December 31, 2014 and 2013.

F-22
BROOKLINE BANCORP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
December 31, 2014, 2013 and 2012

Other-Than-Temporary Impairment ("OTTI")
Investment securities at December 31, 2014 and 2013 that have been in a continuous unrealized loss position for less than twelve months or twelve months or longer are as follows:
 
At December 31, 2014
 
Less than
Twelve Months
 
Twelve Months
or Longer
 
Total
 
Estimated
Fair Value
 
Unrealized
Losses
 
Estimated
Fair Value
 
Unrealized
Losses
 
Estimated
Fair Value
 
Unrealized
Losses
 
(In Thousands)
Debt securities:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
GSEs
$
11,086

 
$
29

 
$
—

 
$
—

 
$
11,086

 
$
29

GSE CMOs
39,095

 
179

 
190,345

 
4,642

 
229,440

 
4,821

GSE MBSs
50,099

 
84

 
39,555

 
795

 
89,654

 
879

SBA commercial loan asset-backed securities
8

 
—

 
186

 
2

 
194

 
2

Corporate debt obligations
4,069

 
1

 
—

 
—

 
4,069

 
1

Trust preferred securities
—

 
—

 
1,240

 
223

 
1,240

 
223

Temporarily impaired debt securities
104,357

 
293

 
231,326

 
5,662

 
335,683

 
5,955

Marketable equity securities
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

Total temporarily impaired securities
$
104,357

 
$
293

 
$
231,326

 
$
5,662

 
$
335,683

 
$
5,955

 
At December 31, 2013
 
Less than
Twelve Months
 
Twelve Months
or Longer
 
Total
 
Estimated
Fair Value
 
Unrealized
Losses
 
Estimated
Fair Value
 
Unrealized
Losses
 
Estimated
Fair Value
 
Unrealized
Losses
 
(In Thousands)
Debt securities:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
GSE CMOs
$
221,317

 
$
9,861

 
$
16,257

 
$
912

 
$
237,574

 
$
10,773

GSE MBSs
121,836

 
3,746

 
13,516

 
1,183

 
135,352

 
4,929

Private-label CMOs
639

 
18

 
—

 
—

 
639

 
18

SBA commercial loan asset-backed securities
32

 
—

 
192

 
2

 
224

 
2

Auction-rate municipal obligations
—

 
—

 
1,775

 
125

 
1,775

 
125

Corporate debt obligations
5,988

 
33

 
—

 
—

 
5,988

 
33

Trust preferred securities and pools
—

 
—

 
1,210

 
251

 
1,210

 
251

Temporarily impaired debt securities
349,812

 
13,658

 
32,950

 
2,473

 
382,762

 
16,131

Marketable equity securities
501

 
10

 
—

 
—

 
501

 
10

Total temporarily impaired securities
$
350,313

 
$
13,668

 
$
32,950

 
$
2,473

 
$
383,263

 
$
16,141

The Company performs regular analysis on the investment securities available-for-sale portfolio to determine whether a decline in fair value indicates that an investment security is OTTI. In making these OTTI determinations, management considers, among other factors, the length of time and extent to which the fair value has been less than amortized cost; projected future cash flows; credit subordination and the creditworthiness; capital adequacy and near-term prospects of the issuers.
Management also considers the Company's capital adequacy, interest-rate risk, liquidity and business plans in assessing whether it is more likely than not that the Company will sell or be required to sell the investment securities before recovery. If the Company determines that a decline in fair value is OTTI and that it is more likely than not that the Company will not sell or be required to sell the investment security before recovery of its amortized cost, the credit portion of the impairment loss is

F-23
BROOKLINE BANCORP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
December 31, 2014, 2013 and 2012

recognized in the Company's consolidated statement of income and the noncredit portion is recognized in accumulated other comprehensive income. The credit portion of the OTTI impairment represents the difference between the amortized cost and the present value of the expected future cash flows of the investment security. If the Company determines that a decline in fair value is OTTI and it is more likely than not that it will sell or be required to sell the investment security before recovery of its amortized cost, the entire difference between the amortized cost and the fair value of the security will be recognized in the Company's consolidated statement of income.
At December 31, 2014, it is more likely than not that the Company will not sell or be required to sell the investment securities before recovery of its amortized cost. The Company's ability and intent to hold these investment securities until recovery is supported by the Company's strong capital and liquidity positions as well as its historically low portfolio turnover. As such, Management has determined that the investment securities are not OTTI at December 31, 2014. If market conditions for investment securities worsen or the creditworthiness of the underlying issuers deteriorates, it is possible that the Company may recognize additional OTTI in future periods.
Debt Securities
U.S. Government-Sponsored Enterprises
The Company invests in securities issued by U.S. Government-sponsored enterprises ("GSEs"), including GSE debt securities, mortgage-backed securities ("MBSs"), and collateralized mortgage obligations ("CMOs"). GSE securities include obligations issued by the Federal National Mortgage Association ("FNMA"), the Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation ("FHLMC"), the Government National Mortgage Association ("GNMA"), the Federal Home Loan Banks and the Federal Farm Credit Bank. At December 31, 2014, only GNMA MBSs and CMOs, and Small Business Administration ("SBA") commercial loan asset-backed securities with an estimated fair value of $26.2 million were backed explicitly by the full faith and credit of the U.S. Government, compared to $18.9 million at December 31, 2013.
At December 31, 2014, the Company held GSE debentures with a total fair value of $23.0 million, which approximated amortized cost. At December 31, 2013, the Company held GSE debentures with a total fair value of $12.2 million, which approximated amortized cost. At December 31, 2014, four of the eight securities in this portfolio were in unrealized loss positions. At December 31, 2013, none of the five securities in this portfolio were in unrealized loss positions. All securities are performing and backed by the implicit (FHLB/FNMA/FHLMC) or explicit (GNMA/SBA) guarantee of the U.S Government. During the year ended December 31, 2014, the Company purchased a total of $21.0 million GSE debentures to reinvest cash from matured securities. The Company did not purchase any GSE debentures in the same period in 2013.
As of December 31, 2014, the Company held GSE mortgage-related securities with a total fair value of $485.2 million and a net unrealized loss of $3.1 million. This compares to a total fair value of $443.0 million and a net unrealized loss of $13.8 million at December 31, 2013. At December 31, 2014, 79 of the 250 securities in this portfolio were in unrealized loss positions. At December 31, 2013, 86 of the 232 securities in this portfolio were in unrealized loss positions. All securities are performing and backed by the implicit (FHLB/FNMA/FHLMC) or explicit (GNMA) guarantee of the U.S Government. During the years ended December 31, 2014 and 2013, the Company purchased a total of $106.9 million and $149.5 million, respectively, in GSE CMOs and GSE MBSs to reinvest cash from matured securities.
SBA Commercial Loan Asset-Backed
At both December 31, 2014 and December 31, 2013, the Company held SBA securities with a total fair value of $0.2 million, which approximated amortized cost. At December 31, 2014, seven of the eight securities in this portfolio were in unrealized loss positions. At December 31, 2013, seven of the nine securities in this portfolio were in unrealized loss positions. All securities are performing and backed by the explicit (SBA) guarantee of the U.S Government.

F-24
BROOKLINE BANCORP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
December 31, 2014, 2013 and 2012

Private-Label CMOs
At December 31, 2014, the Company held no private-issuer CMO-related securities. All private-label CMOs were sold during the second quarter of 2014. At December 31, 2013, the Company held private-issuer CMO-related securities with a total fair value of $3.4 million and a net unrealized gain of $0.1 million. At December 31, 2013, two of the eleven securities in this portfolio were in unrealized loss positions.
Auction-Rate Municipal Obligations and Municipal Obligations
The auction-rate obligations owned by the Company were rated "AAA" at the time of acquisition due, in part, to the guarantee of third-party insurers who would have to pay the obligations if the issuers failed to pay the obligations when they become due. During the financial crisis, certain third-party insurers experienced financial difficulties and were not able to meet their contractual obligations. As a result, auctions failed to attract a sufficient number of investors and created a liquidity problem for those investors who were relying on the obligations to be redeemed at auction. Since then, there has not been an active market for auction-rate municipal obligations.
At December 31, 2014, the company held no auction-rate municipal obligations. All auction-rate municipal obligations were sold during the second quarter of 2014. This compares to $1.8 million, with a corresponding net unrealized loss of $0.1 million at December 31, 2013. At December 31, 2013, all of the securities in this portfolio were in unrealized loss positions.
The Company owns no municipal obligations at December 31, 2014. All municipal obligations were sold during the second quarter of 2014. This compares to a total fair value of $1.1 million which also approximates amortized cost at December 31, 2013. At December 31, 2013, there were no securities in this portfolio were in unrealized loss positions.
Corporate Obligations
From time to time, the Company will invest in high-quality corporate obligations to provide portfolio diversification and improve the overall yield on the portfolio. The Company owned thirteen corporate obligation securities with a total fair value of $40.2 million and total net unrealized gains of $0.4 million as of December 31, 2014. This compares to eleven corporate obligation securities with a total fair value of $28.2 million and total net unrealized gains of $0.5 million at December 31, 2013. At December 31, 2014, all of the securities are investment grade. At December 31, 2013, all but one of the securities are investment grade and this security was in an unrealized gain position. At December 31, 2014, one of the thirteen securities in this portfolio are in an unrealized loss position. At December 31, 2013, two of the eleven securities in this portfolio were in unrealized loss positions. Full collection of the obligations is expected because the financial condition of the issuers is sound, none of the issuers has defaulted on scheduled payments, the obligations are rated investment grade and the Company has the ability and intent to hold the obligations for a period of time to recover the unrealized losses. During the year ended December 31, 2014, the Company purchased $12.0 million in corporate obligations compared to $21.7 million in the same period in 2013.
Trust Preferred Securities
Trust preferred securities represent subordinated debt issued by financial institutions. At December 31, 2014, the Company owned two trust preferred securities with a total fair value of $1.2 million and a total net unrealized loss of $0.2 million. This compares to two trust preferred securities with a total fair value of $1.2 million and a total net unrealized loss of $0.3 million at December 31, 2013. At December 31, 2014 and 2013, both of the securities in this portfolio were in unrealized loss positions. Full collection of the obligations is expected because the financial condition of the issuers is sound, none of the
issuers has defaulted on scheduled payments, the obligations are rated investment grade and the Company has the ability and
intent to hold the obligations for a period of time to recover the amortized cost.
Marketable Equity Securities
At December 31, 2014, the Company owned marketable equity securities with a fair value of $1.0 million, which approximated amortized cost, compared to a fair value of $1.3 million, and an unrealized gain of $0.1 million at December 31, 2013. At December 31, 2014, none of the four securities in this portfolio was in an unrealized loss position. At December 31, 2013, one of the four securities in this portfolio were in an unrealized loss position.
Investment Securities Held-to-Maturity
At December 31, 2014, the Company owned an investment security held-to-maturity with a carrying value of $0.5 million and a fair value of $0.5 million. This security matures in March, 2016 and carries an interest rate payable of 1.3%.

F-25
BROOKLINE BANCORP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
December 31, 2014, 2013 and 2012

Portfolio Maturities
The maturities of the debt securities are as follows at the dates indicated:
 
At December 31,
 
2014
 
2013
 
Amortized
Cost
 
Estimated
Fair Value
 
Weighted
Average
Rate
 
Amortized
Cost
 
Estimated
Fair Value
 
Weighted
Average
Rate
 
(Dollars in Thousands)
Investment securities available-for-sale:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Within 1 year
$
3,057

 
$
3,081

 
3.00
%
 
$
13,012

 
$
13,062

 
0.82
%
After 1 year through 5 years
55,631

 
56,586

 
2.48
%
 
40,204

 
41,187

 
2.90
%
After 5 years through 10 years
103,268

 
104,208

 
2.00
%
 
66,447

 
67,075

 
2.23
%
Over 10 years
390,685

 
385,913

 
1.91
%
 
384,967

 
369,794

 
1.90
%
 
$
552,641

 
$
549,788

 
1.99
%
 
$
504,630

 
$
491,118

 
2.00
%
Investment securities held-to-maturity:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Within 1 year
$
—

 
$
—

 
—
%
 
$
500

 
$
500

 
1.99
%
After 1 year through 5 years
500

 
500

 
1.30
%
 
—

 
—

 
—
%
 
$
500

 
$
500

 
—
%
 
$
500

 
$
500

 
1.99
%
Actual maturities of debt securities may differ from those presented above since certain obligations provide the issuer the right to call or prepay the obligation prior to scheduled maturity without penalty. At December 31, 2014, issuers of debt securities with an estimated fair value of $16.1 million had the right to call or prepay the obligations. Of the $16.1 million, approximately $5.0 million matures in 1 - 5 years, $9.9 million matures in 6 - 10 years and $1.2 million matures after 10 years. At December 31, 2013, issuers of debt securities with an estimated fair value of approximately $3.7 million had the right to call or prepay the obligations. Of the $3.7 million, $0.7 million matures in less than one year and $3.0 million matures after 10 years. MBSs and CMOs are included above based on their contractual maturities; the remaining lives, however, are expected to be shorter due to anticipated payments.
Security Sales
Sales of investment securities are summarized as follows:
 
Year Ended December 31,
 
2014
 
2013
 
2012
 
(In Thousands)
Sales of debt securities
$
5,084

 
$
1,210

 
$
166,201

Sales of marketable equity securities
401

 
—

 
—

 
 
 
 
 
 
Gross gains from sales
380

 
626

 
1,093

Gross losses from sales
315

 
229

 
167

Gain on sales of securities, net
65

 
397

 
926

Security transactions are recorded on the trade date. When securities are sold, the adjusted cost of the specific security sold is used to compute the gain or loss on the sale.


F-26
BROOKLINE BANCORP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
December 31, 2014, 2013 and 2012

(5) Restricted Equity Securities
Investments in the restricted equity securities of various entities are as follows:
 
At December 31,
 
2014
 
2013
 
(In Thousands)
FHLBB stock
$
58,326

 
$
50,081

Federal Reserve Bank of Boston stock
16,003

 
16,003

Other restricted equity securities
475

 
475

 
$
74,804

 
$
66,559

The Company invests in the stock of FHLBB as one of the requirements to borrow. At December 31, 2014 and 2013, FHLBB stock is recorded at its carrying value, which is equal to cost and which management believes approximates its fair value. The FHLBB was classified as "adequately capitalized" by its regulator at December 31, 2014, effected the repurchase of $500 million of capital stock during 2014 and paid a stable dividend of 149 basis points during 2014. At December 31, 2014, the Company's investment in FHLBB stock exceeded its required investment which provides for additional borrowing capacity.
The FHLBB has announced its intent to declare modest dividends throughout 2015, but cautioned that should adverse events occur, such as a negative trend in credit losses on the FHLBB's private-label MBSs or its mortgage portfolio, a meaningful decline in income or regulatory disapproval, dividends could be suspended.
The Company invests in the stock of the Federal Reserve Bank of Boston as required by its subsidiary Banks' membership in the Federal Reserve system. At December 31, 2014 and 2013, Federal Reserve Bank of Boston stock is recorded at its carrying value, which is equal to cost and which management believes approximates its fair value.

F-27
BROOKLINE BANCORP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
December 31, 2014, 2013 and 2012

(6) Loans and Leases
The following tables present loan and lease balances and weighted average coupon rates for the originated and acquired loan and lease portfolios at the dates indicated:
 
At December 31, 2014
 
Originated
 
Acquired
 
Total
 
Balance
 
Weighted
Average
Coupon
 
Balance
 
Weighted
Average
Coupon
 
Balance
 
Weighted
Average
Coupon
 
(Dollars In Thousands)
Commercial real estate loans:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Commercial real estate mortgage
$
1,425,621

 
4.18
%
 
$
254,461

 
4.29
%
 
$
1,680,082

 
4.20
%
Multi-family mortgage
576,214

 
4.11
%
 
63,492

 
4.50
%
 
639,706

 
4.15
%
Construction
146,074

 
3.79
%
 
1,939

 
5.50
%
 
148,013

 
3.81
%
Total commercial real estate loans
2,147,909

 
4.13
%
 
319,892

 
4.34
%
 
2,467,801

 
4.16
%
Commercial loans and leases:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Commercial
462,730

 
3.88
%
 
51,347

 
4.14
%
 
514,077

 
3.91
%
Equipment financing
587,496

 
6.92
%
 
13,928

 
6.22
%
 
601,424

 
6.90
%
Condominium association
51,593

 
4.60
%
 
—

 
—

 
51,593

 
4.60
%
Total commercial loans and leases
1,101,819

 
5.53
%
 
65,275

 
4.58
%
 
1,167,094

 
5.48
%
Indirect automobile loans
316,987

 
4.47
%
 
—

 
—

 
316,987

 
4.47
%
Consumer loans:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Residential mortgage
472,078

 
3.60
%
 
99,842

 
3.77
%
 
571,920

 
3.63
%
Home equity
181,580

 
3.35
%
 
105,478

 
3.85
%
 
287,058

 
3.53
%
Other consumer
11,580

 
5.13
%
 
167

 
16.35
%
 
11,747

 
5.29
%
Total consumer loans
665,238

 
3.56
%
 
205,487

 
3.82
%
 
870,725

 
3.62
%
Total loans and leases
$
4,231,953

 
4.43
%
 
$
590,654

 
4.19
%
 
$
4,822,607

 
4.40
%

F-28
BROOKLINE BANCORP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
December 31, 2014, 2013 and 2012

 
At December 31, 2013
 
Originated
 
Acquired
 
Total
 
Balance
 
Weighted
Average
Coupon
 
Balance
 
Weighted
Average
Coupon
 
Balance
 
Weighted
Average
Coupon
 
(Dollars In Thousands)
Commercial real estate loans:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Commercial real estate mortgage
$
1,111,750

 
4.34
%
 
$
350,235

 
4.42
%
 
$
1,461,985

 
4.36
%
Multi-family mortgage
554,555

 
4.19
%
 
73,378

 
4.63
%
 
627,933

 
4.24
%
Construction
102,927

 
3.81
%
 
10,778

 
4.37
%
 
113,705

 
3.87
%
Total commercial real estate loans
1,769,232

 
4.26
%
 
434,391

 
4.46
%
 
2,203,623

 
4.30
%
Commercial loans and leases:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Commercial
297,684

 
3.68
%
 
110,108

 
4.54
%
 
407,792

 
3.91
%
Equipment financing
485,330

 
7.14
%
 
27,694

 
6.60
%
 
513,024

 
7.11
%
Condominium association
44,794

 
4.74
%
 
—

 
—

 
44,794

 
4.74
%
Total commercial loans and leases
827,808

 
5.77
%
 
137,802

 
4.95
%
 
965,610

 
5.65
%
Indirect automobile loans
400,531

 
4.98
%
 
—

 
—

 
400,531

 
4.98
%
Consumer loans:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Residential mortgage
411,554

 
3.65
%
 
116,631

 
3.93
%
 
528,185

 
3.71
%
Home equity
132,396

 
3.39
%
 
125,065

 
3.88
%
 
257,461

 
3.63
%
Other consumer
5,532

 
5.98
%
 
1,523

 
14.89
%
 
7,055

 
7.90
%
Total consumer loans
549,482

 
3.61
%
 
243,219

 
3.98
%
 
792,701

 
3.72
%
Total loans and leases
$
3,547,053

 
4.59
%
 
$
815,412

 
4.38
%
 
$
4,362,465

 
4.55
%
The Company's lends primarily in the eastern half of Massachusetts, southern New Hampshire and Rhode Island, with the exception of equipment financing, 35.9% of which is in the greater New York/New Jersey metropolitan area and 64.1% of which is in other areas in the United States of America at December 31, 2014, as compared to 38.2% of which is in the greater New York/New Jersey metropolitan area and 61.8% of which is in other areas in the United States of America at December 31, 2013.
For the year ended December 31, 2014, the Company sold $34.7 million of loans and leases held-for-sale and recorded a gain of $1.5 million. For the year ended December 31, 2013, the Company sold $56.3 million of loans and leases held-for-sale and recorded a gain of $0.6 million. Gains on sales of loans and leases held-for-sale were recorded as non-interest income in the Company's consolidated statements of income.
Accretable Yield for the Acquired Loan Portfolio
The following table summarizes activity in the accretable yield for the acquired loan portfolio for the periods indicated:
 
Year Ended December 31,
 
2014
 
2013
 
2012
 
(In Thousands)
Balance at beginning of year
$
45,789

 
$
57,812

 
$
(1,369
)
Acquisitions
—

 
—

 
81,503

Reclassification from nonaccretable difference for loans with improved cash flows
2,060

 
8,477

 
1,550

Accretion
(15,805
)
 
(20,500
)
 
(23,872
)
Balance at end of year
$
32,044

 
$
45,789

 
$
57,812

On a quarterly basis, subsequent to acquisition, management reforecasts the expected cash flows for acquired ASC 310-30 loans, taking into account prepayment speeds, probability of default and loss given defaults. Management compares

F-29
BROOKLINE BANCORP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
December 31, 2014, 2013 and 2012

cash flow projections per the reforecast to the original cash flow projections and determines whether any reduction in cash flow expectations are due to deterioration, or if the change in cash flow is related to noncredit events. This cash flow analysis is used to evaluate the need for a loan loss provision and/or prospective yield adjustments. During the years ended December 31, 2014 and 2013, accretable yield adjustments totaling $2.1 million and $8.5 million, respectively, were made for certain loan pools. These accretable yield adjustments, which are subject to continued re-assessment, will be recognized over the remaining lives of those pools.
The aggregate remaining nonaccretable difference (representing both principal and interest) applicable to acquired loans totaled $3.6 million and $6.1 million at December 31, 2014 and 2013, respectively.
Related Party Loans
The Banks' authority to extend credit to their respective directors and executive officers, as well as to entities controlled by such persons, is currently governed by the requirements of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act and Regulation O of the FRB. Among other things, these provisions require that extensions of credit to insiders (1) be made on terms that are substantially the same as, and follow credit underwriting procedures that are not less stringent than, those prevailing for comparable transactions with unaffiliated persons and that do not involve more than the normal risk of repayment or present other unfavorable features; and (2) not exceed certain limitations on the amount of credit extended to such persons, individually and in the aggregate, which limits are based, in part, on the amount of the Banks' capital. In addition, the extensions of credit to insiders must be approved by the applicable Bank's Board of Directors.
The following table summarizes the change in the total amounts of loans and advances, to directors, executive officers and their affiliates for the periods indicated. All loans were performing at December 31, 2014.
 
Year Ended December 31,
 
2014
 
2013
 
(In Thousands)
Balance at beginning of year
$
4,783

 
$
4,083

New loans granted during the year
2,375

 
365

Advances on lines of credit
1,787

 
1,370

Repayments
(182
)
 
(1,035
)
Loan no longer classified as an insider loan
(189
)
 
—

Balance at end of year
$
8,574

 
$
4,783

Unfunded commitments on extensions of credit to insiders totaled $7.7 million and $11.7 million at December 31, 2014 and 2013, respectively.
Loans and Leases Pledged as Collateral
At December 31, 2014 and 2013, there were $1.6 billion and $1.2 billion, respectively, of loans and leases pledged as collateral for repurchase agreements; municipal deposits; treasury, tax and loan deposits; swap agreements; and FHLBB borrowings. The Banks did not have any outstanding FRB borrowings at December 31, 2014 and 2013.

F-30
BROOKLINE BANCORP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
December 31, 2014, 2013 and 2012

(7) Allowance for Loan and Lease Losses
The following tables present the changes in the allowance for loan and lease losses and the recorded investment in loans and leases by portfolio segment for the periods indicated:
 
Year Ended December 31, 2014
 
Commercial
Real Estate
 
Commercial
 
Indirect
Automobile
 
Consumer
 
Unallocated
 
Total
 
(In Thousands)
Balance at December 31, 2013
$
23,022

 
$
15,220

 
$
3,924

 
$
3,375

 
$
2,932

 
$
48,473

Charge-offs
(130
)
 
(2,507
)
 
(1,163
)
 
(650
)
 
—

 
(4,450
)
Recoveries
4

 
801

 
434

 
158

 
—

 
1,397

Provision (credit) for loan and lease losses
6,698

 
2,443

 
(864
)
 
476

 
(514
)
 
8,239

Balance at December 31, 2014
$
29,594

 
$
15,957

 
$
2,331

 
$
3,359

 
$
2,418

 
$
53,659

 
Year Ended December 31, 2013
 
Commercial
Real Estate
 
Commercial
 
Indirect
Automobile
 
Consumer
 
Unallocated
 
Total
 
(In Thousands)
Balance at December 31, 2012
$
20,018

 
$
10,655

 
$
5,304

 
$
2,545

 
$
2,630

 
$
41,152

Charge-offs
(88
)
 
(2,077
)
 
(1,714
)
 
(909
)
 
—

 
(4,788
)
Recoveries
13

 
657

 
501

 
263

 
—

 
1,434

Provision (credit) for loan and lease losses
3,079

 
5,985

 
(167
)
 
1,476

 
302

 
10,675

Balance at December 31, 2013
$
23,022

 
$
15,220

 
$
3,924

 
$
3,375

 
$
2,932

 
$
48,473

 
Year Ended December 31, 2012
 
Commercial
Real Estate
 
Commercial
 
Indirect
Automobile
 
Consumer
 
Unallocated
 
Total
 
(In Thousands)
Balance at December 31, 2011
$
15,477

 
$
5,997

 
$
5,604

 
$
1,577

 
$
3,048

 
$
31,703

Charge-offs
—

 
(5,347
)
 
(2,153
)
 
(592
)
 
—

 
(8,092
)
Recoveries
118

 
417

 
969

 
26

 
—

 
1,530

Provision (credit) for loan and lease losses
4,423

 
9,588

 
884

 
1,534

 
(418
)
 
16,011

Balance at December 31, 2012
$
20,018

 
$
10,655

 
$
5,304

 
$
2,545

 
$
2,630

 
$
41,152

The liability for unfunded credit commitments, which is included in other liabilities, was $1.3 million, $1.0 million and $0.7 million at December 31, 2014, 2013 and 2012, respectively. The changes in the liability for unfunded credit commitments reflect changes in the estimate of loss exposure associated with certain unfunded credit commitments. No credit commitments were charged off against the liability account in the years ended December 31, 2014, 2013 and 2012.

F-31
BROOKLINE BANCORP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
December 31, 2014, 2013 and 2012

Provision for Credit Losses
The provisions for credit losses are set forth below for the periods indicated:
 
Originated
 
Acquired
 
Total
 
Year Ended December 31,
 
Year Ended December 31,
 
Year Ended December 31,
 
2014
 
2013
 
2012
 
2014
 
2013
 
2012
 
2014
 
2013
 
2012
 
(In Thousands)
Provision (credit) for loan and lease losses:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Commercial real estate
$
5,009

 
$
2,563

 
$
4,348

 
$
1,689

 
$
516

 
$
75

 
$
6,698

 
$
3,079

 
$
4,423

Commercial
2,030

 
4,917

 
9,513

 
413

 
1,068

 
75

 
2,443

 
5,985

 
9,588

Indirect automobile
(864
)
 
(167
)
 
884

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
(864
)
 
(167
)
 
884

Consumer
417

 
286

 
1,534

 
59

 
1,190

 
—

 
476

 
1,476

 
1,534

Unallocated
(514
)
 
302

 
(418
)
 
—

 
—

 
—

 
(514
)
 
302

 
(418
)
Total provision for loan and lease losses
6,078

 
7,901

 
15,861

 
2,161

 
2,774

 
150

 
8,239

 
10,675

 
16,011

Unfunded credit commitments
238

 
254

 
(123
)
 
—

 
—

 
—

 
238

 
254

 
(123
)
Total provision for credit losses
$
6,316

 
$
8,155

 
$
15,738

 
$
2,161

 
$
2,774

 
$
150

 
$
8,477

 
$
10,929

 
$
15,888

Allowance for Loan and Lease Losses Methodology
Management has established a methodology to determine the adequacy of the allowance for loan and lease losses that assesses the risks and losses inherent in the loan and lease portfolio. Additions to the allowance for loan and lease losses are made by charges to the provision for credit losses. Losses on loans and leases are charged off against the allowance when all or a portion of a loan or lease is considered uncollectible. Subsequent recoveries on loans previously charged off, if any, are credited to the allowance when realized.
For purposes of determining the allowance for loan and lease losses, the Company has segmented certain loans and leases in the portfolio by product type into the following pools: (1) commercial real estate loans, (2) commercial loans and leases, (3) indirect automobile loans and (4) consumer loans. Portfolio segments are further disaggregated into classes based on the associated risks within the segments. Commercial real estate loans are divided into three classes: commercial real estate mortgage loans, multi-family mortgage loans and construction loans. Commercial loans and leases are divided into three classes: commercial loans, equipment financing, and loans to condominium associations. The indirect automobile loan segment is not divided into classes. Consumer loans are divided into three classes: residential mortgage loans, home equity loans and other consumer loans. For each class of loan, management makes significant judgments in selecting the estimation method that fits the credit characteristics of its class and portfolio segment as set forth below. Also refer to Note 1, "Basis of Presentation," in the consolidated financial statements for more information on the Company's allowance of loan and lease losses methodology.
General Allowance
The general allowance for loan and lease losses was $50.1 million at December 31, 2014, compared to $44.1 million at December 31, 2013. The general portion of the allowance for loan and lease losses increased by $6.0 million during the year ended December 31, 2014, as a result of growth in the commercial real estate and equipment financing portfolios partially offset by the decrease in the indirect auto portfolios.
Specific Allowance
The specific allowance for loan and lease losses was $1.2 million at December 31, 2014, compared to $1.5 million at December 31, 2013. The specific allowance decreased by $0.3 million during the year ended December 31, 2014, largely as a result of a improved credit quality and higher collateral value underlying those impaired loans and leases.



F-32
BROOKLINE BANCORP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
December 31, 2014, 2013 and 2012

Unallocated Allowance
The unallocated allowance for loan and lease losses was $2.4 million at December 31, 2014, compared to $2.9 million at December 31, 2013. The unallocated portion of the allowance for loan and lease losses decreased by $0.5 million during the year ended December 31, 2014, largely as a result of improved credit quality and loss history.
Credit Quality Assessment
At the time of loan origination, a rating is assigned based on the financial strength of the borrower and the value of assets pledged as collateral. The Company continually monitors the asset quality of the loan portfolio using all available information. The officer responsible for handling each loan is required to initiate changes to risk ratings when changes in facts and circumstances occur that warrant an upgrade or downgrade in a loan rating. Based on this information, loans demonstrating certain payment issues or other weaknesses may be categorized as delinquent, impaired, nonperforming and/or put on nonaccrual status. Additionally, in the course of resolving such loans, the Company may choose to restructure the contractual terms of certain loans to match the borrower's ability to repay the loan based on their current financial condition. If a restructured loan meets certain criteria, it may be categorized as a troubled debt restructuring.
The Company reviews numerous credit quality indicators when assessing the risk in its loan portfolio. For the commercial real estate mortgage, multi-family mortgage, construction, commercial, equipment financing, condominium association and other consumer loan and lease classes, the Company utilizes an eight-grade loan rating system, which assigns a risk rating to each borrower based on a number of quantitative and qualitative factors associated with a loan transaction. Factors considered include industry and market conditions; position within the industry; earnings trends; operating cash flow; asset/liability values; debt capacity; guarantor strength; management and controls; financial reporting; collateral; and other considerations. In addition, the Company's independent loan review group evaluates the credit quality and related risk ratings of the commercial real estate and commercial loan portfolios. The results of these reviews are reported to the Board of Directors. For the consumer loans, the Company primarily relies on payment status for monitoring credit risk.
The ratings categories used for assessing credit risk in the commercial real estate mortgage, multi-family mortgage, construction, commercial, equipment financing, condominium association and other consumer loan and lease classes are defined as follows:
1 -4 Rating—Pass
Loan rating grades "1" through "4" are classified as "Pass," which indicates borrowers are performing in accordance with the terms of the loan and are less likely to result in loss due to the capacity of the borrower to pay and the adequacy of the value of assets pledged as collateral.
5 Rating—Other Asset Especially Mentioned ("OAEM")
Borrowers exhibit potential credit weaknesses or downward trends deserving management's attention. If not checked or corrected, these trends will weaken the Company's asset and position. While potentially weak, currently these borrowers are marginally acceptable; no loss of principal or interest is envisioned.
6 Rating—Substandard
Borrowers exhibit well defined weaknesses that jeopardize the orderly liquidation of debt. Substandard loans may be inadequately protected by the current net worth and paying capacity of the obligors or by the collateral pledged, if any. Normal repayment from the borrower is in jeopardy. Although no loss of principal is envisioned, there is a distinct possibility that a partial loss of interest and/or principal will occur if the deficiencies are not corrected. Collateral coverage may be inadequate to cover the principal obligation.
7 Rating—Doubtful
Borrowers exhibit well-defined weaknesses that jeopardize the orderly liquidation of debt with the added provision that the weaknesses make collection of the debt in full, on the basis of currently existing facts, conditions, and values, highly questionable and improbable. Serious problems exist to the point where partial loss of principal is likely.



F-33
BROOKLINE BANCORP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
December 31, 2014, 2013 and 2012

8 Rating—Definite Loss
Borrowers deemed incapable of repayment. Loans to such borrowers are considered uncollectible and of such little value that continuation as active assets of the Company is not warranted.
Assets rated as "OAEM," "substandard" or "doubtful" based on criteria established under banking regulations are collectively referred to as "criticized" assets.
Credit Quality Information
The following tables present the recorded investment in loans in each class at December 31, 2014 by credit quality indicator.
 
At December 31, 2014
 
Commercial
Real Estate
Mortgage
 
Multi-
Family
Mortgage
 
Construction
 
Commercial
 
Equipment
Financing
 
Condominium
Association
 
Other
Consumer
 
(In Thousands)
Originated:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Loan rating:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Pass
$
1,402,121

 
$
574,972

 
$
146,074

 
$
447,778

 
$
583,340

 
$
51,593

 
$
11,540

OAEM
22,491

 
1,242

 
—

 
12,193

 
932

 
—

 
—

Substandard
1,009

 
—

 
—

 
1,671

 
2,338

 
—

 
40

Doubtful
—

 
—

 
—

 
1,088

 
886

 
—

 
—

Total originated
1,425,621

 
576,214

 
146,074

 
462,730

 
587,496

 
51,593

 
11,580

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Acquired:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Loan rating:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Pass
237,439

 
60,837

 
1,709

 
43,925

 
13,795

 
—

 
167

OAEM
8,351

 
713

 
230

 
1,852

 
—

 
—

 
—

Substandard
8,250

 
1,942

 
—

 
5,424

 
133

 
—

 
—

Doubtful
421

 
—

 
—

 
146

 
—

 
—

 
—

Total acquired
254,461

 
63,492

 
1,939

 
51,347

 
13,928

 
—

 
167

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Total loans
$
1,680,082

 
$
639,706

 
$
148,013

 
$
514,077

 
$
601,424

 
$
51,593

 
$
11,747


 
At December 31, 2014
 
Indirect Automobile
 
(In Thousands)
 
(Percent)
Originated:
 
 
 
Credit score:
 
 
 
Over 700
$
262,160

 
82.7
%
661-700
43,422

 
13.7
%
660 and below
9,927

 
3.1
%
Data not available
1,478

 
0.5
%
Total loans
$
316,987

 
100.0
%



F-34
BROOKLINE BANCORP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
December 31, 2014, 2013 and 2012

 
 
At December 31, 2014
 
 
Residential Mortgage
 
Home Equity
 
 
(In Thousands)
 
Percent
 
(In Thousands)
 
Percent
Originated:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Loan-to-value ratio:
 
 

 
 
 
 

 
 
Less than 50%
 
$
105,342

 
18.4
%
 
$
113,541

 
39.5
%
50% - 69%
 
179,319

 
31.4
%
 
35,660

 
12.4
%
70% - 79%
 
166,467

 
29.1
%
 
27,123

 
9.4
%
80% and over
 
19,335

 
3.4
%
 
4,195

 
1.5
%
Data not available
 
1,615

 
0.3
%
 
1,061

 
0.4
%
Total originated
 
472,078

 
82.6
%
 
181,580

 
63.2
%
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Acquired:
 
 

 
 
 
 

 
 
Loan-to-value ratio:
 
 

 
 
 
 

 
 
Less than 50%
 
19,574

 
3.4
%
 
70,293

 
24.5
%
50%—69%
 
35,131

 
6.2
%
 
22,581

 
7.9
%
70%—79%
 
22,972

 
4.0
%
 
10,569

 
3.7
%
80% and over
 
16,268

 
2.8
%
 
1,178

 
0.4
%
Data not available
 
5,897

 
1.0
%
 
857

 
0.3
%
Total acquired
 
99,842

 
17.4
%
 
105,478

 
36.8
%
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Total loans
 
$
571,920

 
100.0
%
 
$
287,058

 
100.0
%

F-35
BROOKLINE BANCORP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
December 31, 2014, 2013 and 2012

The following tables present the recorded investment in loans in each class at December 31, 2013 by credit quality indicator.
 
At December 31, 2013
 
Commercial
Real Estate
Mortgage
 
Multi-
Family
Mortgage
 
Construction
 
Commercial
 
Equipment
Financing
 
Condominium
Association
 
Other
Consumer
 
(In Thousands)
Originated:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Loan rating:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Pass
$
1,099,108

 
$
554,183

 
$
102,927

 
$
295,057

 
$
479,811

 
$
44,793

 
$
5,528

OAEM
11,555

 
372

 
—

 
49

 
625

 
—

 
—

Substandard
1,087

 
—

 
—

 
1,078

 
4,817

 
1

 
4

Doubtful
—

 
—

 
—

 
1,500

 
77

 
—

 
—

Total originated
1,111,750

 
554,555

 
102,927

 
297,684

 
485,330

 
44,794

 
5,532

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Acquired:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Loan rating:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Pass
332,145

 
69,310

 
10,090

 
96,779

 
27,535

 
—

 
1,509

OAEM
7,556

 
463

 
688

 
4,617

 
61

 
—

 
—

Substandard
8,645

 
3,605

 
—

 
8,518

 
98

 
—

 
14

Doubtful
1,889

 
—

 
—

 
194

 
—

 
—

 
—

Total acquired
350,235

 
73,378

 
10,778

 
110,108

 
27,694

 
—

 
1,523

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Total loans
$
1,461,985

 
$
627,933

 
$
113,705

 
$
407,792

 
$
513,024

 
$
44,794

 
$
7,055


 
At December 31, 2013
 
Indirect Automobile
 
Dollars In Thousands
 
Percent
Originated:
 
 
 
Credit score:
 
 
 
Over 700
$
332,140

 
82.9
%
661-700
54,038

 
13.5
%
660 and below
12,793

 
3.2
%
Data not available
1,560

 
0.4
%
Total loans
$
400,531

 
100.0
%


F-36
BROOKLINE BANCORP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
December 31, 2014, 2013 and 2012

 
 
At December 31, 2013
 
 
Residential Mortgage
 
Home Equity
 
 
(In Thousands)
 
Percent
 
(In Thousands)
 
Percent
Originated:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Loan-to-value ratio:
 
 

 
 
 
 

 
 
Less than 50%
 
$
94,500

 
17.9
%
 
$
75,372

 
29.3
%
50%—69%
 
149,969

 
28.4
%
 
31,504

 
12.2
%
70%—79%
 
139,960

 
26.5
%
 
21,161

 
8.2
%
80% and over
 
22,772

 
4.3
%
 
3,240

 
1.3
%
Data not available
 
4,353

 
0.8
%
 
1,119

 
0.4
%
Total originated
 
411,554

 
77.9
%
 
132,396

 
51.4
%
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Acquired:
 
 

 
 
 
 

 
 
Loan-to-value ratio:
 
 

 
 
 
 

 
 
Less than 50%
 
23,101

 
4.4
%
 
84,272

 
32.7
%
50%—69%
 
39,298

 
7.4
%
 
25,964

 
10.1
%
70%—79%
 
31,932

 
6.0
%
 
13,390

 
5.2
%
80% and over
 
19,870

 
3.8
%
 
1,208

 
0.5
%
Data not available
 
2,430

 
0.5
%
 
231

 
0.1
%
Total acquired
 
116,631

 
22.1
%
 
125,065

 
48.6
%
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Total loans
 
$
528,185

 
100.0
%
 
$
257,461

 
100.0
%









F-37
BROOKLINE BANCORP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
December 31, 2014, 2013 and 2012

Age Analysis of Past Due Loans and Leases
The following tables present an age analysis of the recorded investment in total loans and leases (unpaid balance of loans and leases outstanding excluding deferred loan origination costs) at December 31, 2014 and 2013.
 
At December 31, 2014
 
Past Due
 
 
 
 
 
Loans and
Leases Past
Due Greater
Than 90 Days
and Accruing
 
 
 
31-60
Days
 
61-90
Days
 
Greater
Than
90 Days
 
Total
 
Current
 
Total Loans
and Leases
 
 
Nonaccrual
Loans and
Leases
 
(In Thousands)
Originated:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Commercial real estate loans:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Commercial real estate mortgage
$
1,631

 
$
416

 
$
160

 
$
2,207

 
$
1,423,414

 
$
1,425,621

 
$
—

 
$
1,009

Multi-family mortgage
385

 
—

 
—

 
385

 
575,829

 
576,214

 
—

 
—

Construction
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
146,074

 
146,074

 
—

 
—

Total commercial real estate loans
2,016

 
416

 
160

 
2,592

 
2,145,317

 
2,147,909

 
—

 
1,009

Commercial loans and leases:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Commercial
758

 
876

 
1,499

 
3,133

 
459,597

 
462,730

 
2

 
2,722

Equipment financing
1,534

 
138

 
2,392

 
4,064

 
583,432

 
587,496

 
—

 
3,214

Condominium association
501

 
—

 
—

 
501

 
51,092

 
51,593

 
—

 
—

Total commercial loans and leases
2,793

 
1,014

 
3,891

 
7,698

 
1,094,121

 
1,101,819

 
2

 
5,936

Indirect automobile
4,635

 
923

 
166

 
5,724

 
311,263

 
316,987

 
—

 
645

Consumer loans:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Residential mortgage
—

 
—

 
501

 
501

 
471,577

 
472,078

 
—

 
1,340

Home equity
75

 
52

 
129

 
256

 
181,324

 
181,580

 
—

 
161

Other consumer
17

 
5

 
30

 
52

 
11,528

 
11,580

 
—

 
41

Total consumer loans
92

 
57

 
660

 
809

 
664,429

 
665,238

 
—


1,542

Total originated loans and leases
$
9,536

 
$
2,410

 
$
4,877

 
$
16,823

 
$
4,215,130

 
$
4,231,953

 
$
2

 
$
9,132


F-38
BROOKLINE BANCORP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
December 31, 2014, 2013 and 2012

 
At December 31, 2014
 
Past Due
 
 
 
 
 
Loans and
Leases Past
Due Greater
Than 90 Days
and Accruing
 
 
 
31-60
Days
 
61-90
Days
 
Greater
Than
90 Days
 
Total
 
Current
 
Total Loans
and Leases
 
 
Nonaccrual
Loans and
Leases
 
(In Thousands)
Acquired:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Commercial real estate loans:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Commercial real estate mortgage
$
989

 
$
3,705

 
$
2,387

 
$
7,081

 
$
247,380

 
$
254,461

 
$
2,387

 
$
—

Multi-family mortgage
195

 
729

 
363

 
1,287

 
62,205

 
63,492

 
363

 
—

Construction
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
1,939

 
1,939

 
—

 
—

Total commercial real estate loans
1,184

 
4,434

 
2,750

 
8,368

 
311,524

 
319,892

 
2,750

 
—

Commercial loans and leases:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Commercial
712

 
488

 
3,033

 
4,233

 
47,114

 
51,347

 
624

 
2,474

Equipment financing
2

 
52

 
66

 
120

 
13,808

 
13,928

 
73

 
9

Total commercial loans and leases
714

 
540

 
3,099

 
4,353

 
60,922

 
65,275

 
697

 
2,483

Consumer loans:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Residential mortgage
—

 
—

 
2,715

 
2,715

 
97,127

 
99,842

 
2,372

 
342

Home equity
1,005

 
733

 
923

 
2,661

 
102,817

 
105,478

 
187

 
1,757

Other consumer
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
167

 
167

 
—

 
—

Total consumer loans
1,005

 
733

 
3,638

 
5,376

 
200,111

 
205,487

 
2,559

 
2,099

Total acquired loans and leases
$
2,903

 
$
5,707

 
$
9,487

 
$
18,097

 
$
572,557

 
$
590,654

 
$
6,006

 
$
4,582

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Total loans and leases
$
12,439

 
$
8,117

 
$
14,364

 
$
34,920

 
$
4,787,687

 
$
4,822,607

 
$
6,008

 
$
13,714



F-39
BROOKLINE BANCORP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
December 31, 2014, 2013 and 2012

 
At December 31, 2013
 
Past Due
 
 
 
 
 
Loans and
Leases Past
Due Greater
Than 90 Days
and Accruing
 
 
 
31-60
Days
 
61-90
Days
 
Greater
Than
90 Days
 
Total
 
Current
 
Total Loans
and Leases
 
 
Nonaccrual
Loans and
Leases
 
(In Thousands)
Originated:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Commercial real estate loans:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Commercial real estate mortgage
$
4,896

 
$
1,393

 
$
169

 
$
6,458

 
$
1,105,292

 
$
1,111,750

 
$
—

 
$
169

Multi-family mortgage
14,400

 
—

 
—

 
14,400

 
540,155

 
554,555

 
—

 
—

Construction
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
102,927

 
102,927

 
—

 
—

Total commercial real estate loans
19,296

 
1,393

 
169

 
20,858

 
1,748,374

 
1,769,232

 
—

 
169

Commercial loans and leases:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Commercial
2,288

 
75

 
842

 
3,205

 
294,479

 
297,684

 
—

 
1,551

Equipment financing
867

 
1,558

 
2,031

 
4,456

 
480,874

 
485,330

 
—

 
4,086

Condominium association
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
44,794

 
44,794

 
—

 
1

Total commercial loans and leases
3,155

 
1,633

 
2,873

 
7,661

 
820,147

 
827,808

 
—

 
5,638

Indirect automobile
5,407

 
857

 
229

 
6,493

 
394,038

 
400,531

 
10

 
259

Consumer loans:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Residential mortgage
201

 
—

 
415

 
616

 
410,938

 
411,554

 
—

 
1,713

Home equity
218

 
—

 
—

 
218

 
132,178

 
132,396

 
—

 
462

Other consumer
11

 
1

 
4

 
16

 
5,516

 
5,532

 
—

 
4

Total consumer loans
430

 
1

 
419

 
850

 
548,632

 
549,482

 
—

 
2,179

Total originated loans and leases
$
28,288

 
$
3,884

 
$
3,690

 
$
35,862

 
$
3,511,191

 
$
3,547,053

 
$
10

 
$
8,245


F-40
BROOKLINE BANCORP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
December 31, 2014, 2013 and 2012

 
At December 31, 2013
 
Past Due
 
 
 
 
 
Loans and
Leases Past
Due Greater
Than 90 Days
and Accruing
 
 
 
31-60
Days
 
61-90
Days
 
Greater
Than
90 Days
 
Total
 
Current
 
Total Loans
and Leases
 
 
Nonaccrual
Loans and
Leases
 
(In Thousands)
Acquired:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Commercial real estate loans:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Commercial real estate mortgage
$
1,221

 
$
87

 
$
4,887

 
$
6,195

 
$
344,040

 
$
350,235

 
$
3,958

 
$
929

Multi-family mortgage
327

 
—

 
1,052

 
1,379

 
71,999

 
73,378

 
1,052

 
—

Construction
—

 
409

 
—

 
409

 
10,369

 
10,778

 
—

 
—

Total commercial real estate loans
1,548

 
496

 
5,939

 
7,983

 
426,408

 
434,391

 
5,010

 
929

Commercial loans and leases:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Commercial
2,707

 
121

 
1,931

 
4,759

 
105,349

 
110,108

 
1,235

 
4,597

Equipment financing
46

 
41

 
73

 
160

 
27,534

 
27,694

 
73

 
29

Total commercial loans and leases
2,753

 
162

 
2,004

 
4,919

 
132,883

 
137,802

 
1,308

 
4,626

Consumer loans:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Residential mortgage
271

 
777

 
5,329

 
6,377

 
110,254

 
116,631

 
4,468

 
1,162

Home equity
1,259

 
552

 
895

 
2,706

 
122,359

 
125,065

 
117

 
1,525

Other consumer
6

 
11

 
4

 
21

 
1,502

 
1,523

 
—

 
14

Total consumer loans
1,536

 
1,340

 
6,228

 
9,104

 
234,115

 
243,219

 
4,585

 
2,701

Total acquired loans and leases
$
5,837

 
$
1,998

 
$
14,171

 
$
22,006

 
$
793,406

 
$
815,412

 
$
10,903

 
$
8,256

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Total loans and leases
$
34,125

 
$
5,882

 
$
17,861

 
$
57,868

 
$
4,304,597

 
$
4,362,465

 
$
10,913

 
$
16,501

Commercial Real Estate Loans—At December 31, 2014, loans outstanding in the three classes within this segment expressed as a percentage of total loans and leases outstanding were as follows: commercial real estate mortgage loans -- 34.8%; multi-family mortgage loans -- 13.2%; and construction loans -- 3.1%.
Loans in this portfolio that are on nonaccrual status and/or risk-rated "substandard" or worse are evaluated on an individual loan basis for impairment. For non-impaired commercial real estate loans, loss factors are applied to outstanding loans by risk rating for each of the three classes in the portfolio. The factors applied are based primarily on historic loan loss experience and an assessment of internal and external factors and other relevant information.
Commercial Loans and Leases—At December 31, 2014, loans and leases outstanding in the three classes within this segment expressed as a percent of total loans and leases outstanding were as follows: commercial loans and leases -- 10.7%; equipment financing loans -- 12.5%; and loans to condominium associations -- 1.1%.
Loans and leases in this portfolio that are on nonaccrual status and/or risk-rated "substandard" or worse are evaluated on an individual basis for impairment. For non-impaired commercial loans and leases, loss factors are applied to outstanding loans by risk rating for each of the three classes in the portfolio.
Indirect Automobile Loans—At December 31, 2014, indirect automobile loans represented 6.6% of the Company's total loan and lease portfolio. Determination of the allowance for loan and lease losses for this portfolio is based primarily on payment status and historical loss rates.

F-41
BROOKLINE BANCORP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
December 31, 2014, 2013 and 2012

Consumer Loans—At December 31, 2014, loans outstanding within the three classes within this segment expressed as a percent of total loans and leases outstanding were as follows: residential mortgage loans -- 11.9%, home equity loans -- 5.9% and other consumer loans -- 0.2%.
Significant risk characteristics related to the residential mortgage and home equity loan portfolios are the geographic concentration of the properties financed within selected communities in the greater Boston and Providence metropolitan areas. The payment status and loan-to-value ratio are the primary credit quality indicator used for residential mortgage loans and home equity loans. Generally, loans are not made when the loan-to-value ratio exceeds 80% unless private mortgage insurance is obtained and/or there is a financially strong guarantor. Consumer loans that become 90 days or more past due, or are placed on nonaccrual regardless of past due status, are reviewed on an individual basis for impairment by assessing the net realizable value of underlying collateral and the economic condition of the borrower.
Impaired Loans and Leases
A loan is considered to be impaired when, based on current information and events, it is probable that the Company will be unable to collect all amounts due (both interest and principal) according to the contractual terms of the loan agreement. The Company has defined the population of impaired loans to include nonaccrual loans and troubled debt restructured loans.
When the ultimate collectability of the total principal of an impaired loan or lease is in doubt and the loan is on nonaccrual status, all payments are applied to principal, under the cost recovery method. When the ultimate collectability of the total principal of an impaired loan or lease is not in doubt and the loan or lease is on nonaccrual status, contractual interest is credited to interest income when received, under the cash basis method.
The following tables include the recorded investment and unpaid principal balances of impaired loans and leases with the related allowance amount, if applicable, for the originated and acquired loan and lease portfolios at the dates indicated. Also presented are the average recorded investments in the impaired loans and leases and the related amount of interest recognized during the period that the impaired loans were impaired.


F-42
BROOKLINE BANCORP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
December 31, 2014, 2013 and 2012

 
At December 31, 2014
 
At December 31, 2013
 
Recorded
Investment (1)
 
Unpaid
Principal
Balance
 
Related
Allowance
 
Recorded
Investment (2)
 
Unpaid
Principal
Balance
 
Related
Allowance
 
(In Thousands)
Originated:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
With no related allowance recorded:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Commercial real estate
$
2,751

 
$
2,748

 
$
—

 
$
2,009

 
$
2,009

 
$
—

Commercial
13,440

 
13,421

 
—

 
4,410

 
4,399

 
—

Consumer
3,055

 
3,048

 
—

 
989

 
987

 
—

Total originated with no related allowance recorded
19,246

 
19,217

 
—

 
7,408

 
7,395

 
—

With an allowance recorded:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Commercial real estate
4,119

 
4,119

 
108

 
1,466

 
1,466

 
184

Commercial
2,019

 
2,011

 
768

 
2,393

 
2,383

 
675

Consumer
176

 
176

 
10

 
2,448

 
2,440

 
323

Total originated with an allowance recorded
6,314

 
6,306

 
886

 
6,307

 
6,289

 
1,182

Total originated impaired loans and leases
25,560

 
25,523

 
886

 
13,715

 
13,684

 
1,182

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Acquired:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
With no related allowance recorded:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Commercial real estate
9,413

 
9,428

 
—

 
9,176

 
10,082

 
—

Commercial
6,049

 
6,047

 
—

 
6,988

 
7,248

 
—

Consumer
6,688

 
6,688

 
—

 
1,033

 
1,037

 
—

Total acquired with no related allowance recorded
22,150

 
22,163

 
—

 
17,197

 
18,367

 
—

With an allowance recorded:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Commercial real estate
244

 
244

 
22

 
1,274

 
1,291

 
122

Commercial
478

 
478

 
214

 
1,020

 
1,067

 
169

Consumer
225

 
225

 
41

 
—

 
—

 
—

 Total acquired with an allowance recorded
947

 
947

 
277

 
2,294

 
2,358

 
291

Total acquired impaired loans and leases
23,097

 
23,110

 
277

 
19,491

 
20,725

 
291

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Total impaired loans and leases
$
48,657

 
$
48,633

 
$
1,163

 
$
33,206

 
$
34,409

 
$
1,473

(1) Includes originated and acquired nonaccrual loans of $7.1 million and $4.6 million, respectively at December 31, 2014.
(2) Includes originated and acquired nonaccrual loans of $5.8 million and $5.7 million, respectively at December 31, 2013.

F-43
BROOKLINE BANCORP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
December 31, 2014, 2013 and 2012

 
Year Ended
 
December 31, 2014
 
December 31, 2013
 
December 31, 2012
 
Average
Recorded
Investment
 
Interest
Income
Recognized
 
Average
Recorded
Investment
 
Interest
Income
Recognized
 
Average
Recorded
Investment
 
Interest
Income
Recognized
 
(In Thousands)
Originated:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
With no related allowance recorded:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Commercial real estate
$
2,786

 
$
102

 
$
2,184

 
$
92

 
$
2,547

 
$
243

Commercial
11,840

 
343

 
4,257

 
144

 
3,159

 
181

Consumer
3,166

 
42

 
1,077

 
30

 
2,123

 
130

Total originated with no related allowance recorded
17,792

 
487

 
7,518

 
266

 
7,829

 
554

With an allowance recorded:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Commercial real estate
3,223

 
69

 
1,464

 
43

 
1,142

 
79

Commercial
2,285

 
51

 
1,781

 
29

 
3,393

 
305

Consumer
458

 
15

 
3,210

 
97

 
2,918

 
100

Total originated with an allowance recorded
5,966

 
135

 
6,455

 
169

 
7,453

 
484

Total originated impaired loans and leases
23,758

 
622

 
13,973

 
435

 
15,282

 
1,038

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Acquired:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
With no related allowance recorded:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Commercial real estate
10,884

 
350

 
9,639

 
251

 
9,071

 
—

Commercial
6,875

 
122

 
5,205

 
129

 
3,801

 
—

Consumer
6,701

 
28

 
1,333

 
20

 
2,319

 
—

Total acquired with no related allowance recorded
24,460

 
500

 
16,177

 
400

 
15,191

 
—

With an allowance recorded:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Commercial real estate
942

 
76

 
2,765

 
42

 
366

 
—

Commercial
631

 
15

 
577

 
5

 
109

 
—

Consumer
281

 
3

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

  Total acquired with an allowance recorded
1,854

 
94

 
3,342

 
47

 
475

 
—

Total acquired impaired loans and leases
26,314

 
594

 
19,519

 
447

 
15,666

 
—

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Total impaired loans and leases
$
50,072

 
$
1,216

 
$
33,492

 
$
882

 
$
30,948

 
$
1,038


F-44
BROOKLINE BANCORP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
December 31, 2014, 2013 and 2012

The following tables present information regarding impaired and non-impaired loans and leases at the dates indicated:
 
At December 31, 2014
 
Commercial Real Estate
 
Commercial
 
Indirect Automobile
 
Consumer
 
Unallocated
 
Total
 
(In Thousands)
Allowance for Loan and Lease Losses:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Originated:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Individually evaluated for impairment
$
108

 
$
768

 
$
—

 
$
10

 
$
—

 
$
886

Collectively evaluated for impairment
27,457

 
14,631

 
2,331

 
3,088

 
2,418

 
49,925

Total originated loans and leases
27,565

 
15,399

 
2,331

 
3,098

 
2,418

 
50,811

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Acquired:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Individually evaluated for impairment
—

 
144

 
—

 
41

 
—

 
185

Collectively evaluated for impairment
648

 
222

 
—

 
2

 
—

 
872

Acquired with deteriorated credit quality
1,381

 
192

 
—

 
218

 
—

 
1,791

Total acquired loans and leases
2,029

 
558

 
—

 
261

 
—

 
2,848

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Total allowance for loan and lease losses
$
29,594

 
$
15,957

 
$
2,331

 
$
3,359

 
$
2,418

 
$
53,659

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Loans and Leases:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Originated:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Individually evaluated for impairment
$
6,869

 
$
15,459

 
$
—

 
$
3,231

 
$
—

 
$
25,559

Collectively evaluated for impairment
2,141,040

 
1,086,360

 
316,987

 
662,007

 
—

 
4,206,394

Total originated loans and leases
2,147,909

 
1,101,819

 
316,987

 
665,238

 
—

 
4,231,953

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Acquired:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Individually evaluated for impairment
626

 
4,458

 
—

 
$
2,562

 
—

 
7,646

Collectively evaluated for impairment
97,141

 
38,504

 
—

 
134,973

 
—

 
270,618

Acquired with deteriorated credit quality
222,125

 
22,313

 
—

 
67,952

 
—

 
312,390

Total acquired loans and leases
319,892

 
65,275

 
—

 
205,487

 
—

 
590,654

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Total loans and leases
$
2,467,801

 
$
1,167,094

 
$
316,987

 
$
870,725

 
$
—

 
$
4,822,607


F-45
BROOKLINE BANCORP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
December 31, 2014, 2013 and 2012

 
At December 31, 2013
 
Commercial Real Estate
 
Commercial
 
Indirect Automobile
 
Consumer
 
Unallocated
 
Total
 
(In Thousands)
Allowance for Loan and Lease Losses:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Originated:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Individually evaluated for impairment
$
184

 
$
675

 
$
—

 
$
323

 
$
—

 
$
1,182

Collectively evaluated for impairment
22,336

 
14,056

 
3,924

 
2,414

 
2,932

 
45,662

Total originated loans and leases
22,520

 
14,731

 
3,924

 
2,737

 
2,932

 
46,844

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Acquired:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Individually evaluated for impairment
—

 
3

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
3

Collectively evaluated for impairment
(54
)
 
234

 
—

 
204

 
—

 
384

Acquired with deteriorated credit quality
556

 
252

 
—

 
434

 
—

 
1,242

Total acquired loans and leases
502

 
489

 
—

 
638

 
—

 
1,629

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Total allowance for loan and lease losses
$
23,022

 
$
15,220

 
$
3,924

 
$
3,375

 
$
2,932

 
$
48,473

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Loans and Leases:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Originated:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Individually evaluated for impairment
$
3,643

 
$
6,634

 
$
—

 
$
3,438

 
$
—

 
$
13,715

Collectively evaluated for impairment
1,765,589

 
821,174

 
400,531

 
546,044

 
—

 
3,533,338

Total originated loans and leases
1,769,232

 
827,808

 
400,531

 
549,482

 
—

 
3,547,053

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Acquired:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Individually evaluated for impairment
2,625

 
4,878

 
—

 
872

 
—

 
8,375

Collectively evaluated for impairment
145,057

 
93,565

 
—

 
162,595

 
—

 
401,217

Acquired with deteriorated credit quality
286,709

 
39,359

 
—

 
79,752

 
—

 
405,820

Total acquired loans and leases
434,391

 
137,802

 
—

 
243,219

 
—

 
815,412

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Total loans and leases
$
2,203,623

 
$
965,610

 
$
400,531

 
$
792,701

 
$
—

 
$
4,362,465

Troubled Debt Restructured Loans and Leases
A specific valuation allowance for losses on troubled debt restructured loans is determined by comparing the net carrying amount of the troubled debt restructured loan with the restructured loan's cash flows discounted at the original effective rate.

F-46
BROOKLINE BANCORP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
December 31, 2014, 2013 and 2012

The recorded investment in troubled debt restructurings and the associated specific allowances for loan and lease losses, in the originated and acquired loan and lease portfolios, that were modified during the periods indicated, are as follows.
 
Year Ended December 31, 2014
 
 
 
Recorded Investment
 
Specific
Allowance for
Loan and
Lease Losses
 
 
 
Defaulted (1)
 
Number of
Loans/
Leases
 
At
Modification
 
At End of
Period
 
 
Nonaccrual
Loans and
Leases
 
Number of
Loans/
Leases
 
Recorded
Investment
 
(Dollars in Thousands)
Originated:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Commercial real estate mortgage
1

 
$
953

 
$
932

 
$
—

 
$
—

 
—

 
$
—

Commercial
6

 
2,884

 
2,948

 
—

 
628

 
3

 
615

Equipment financing
6

 
984

 
936

 
15

 
169

 
4

 
636

Residential mortgage
1

 
496

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

Home equity
2

 
400

 
402

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

Total originated
16

 
5,717

 
5,218

 
15

 
797

 
7

 
1,251

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Acquired:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Commercial
6

 
1,369

 
1,406

 
—

 
66

 
1

 
419

Home equity
1

 
190

 
189

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

Total acquired
7

 
1,559

 
1,595

 
—

 
66

 
1

 
419

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Total loans
23

 
$
7,276

 
$
6,813

 
$
15

 
$
863

 
8

 
$
1,670

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

(1) Includes loans and leases that have been modified within the past twelve months and subsequently had payment defaults during the period indicated.

F-47
BROOKLINE BANCORP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
December 31, 2014, 2013 and 2012

 
Year Ended December 31, 2013
 
 
 
Recorded Investment
 
Specific
Allowance for
Loan and
Lease Losses
 
 
 
Defaulted (1)
 
Number of
Loans/
Leases
 
At
Modification
 
At End of
Period
 
 
Nonaccrual
Loans and
Leases
 
Number of
Loans/
Leases
 
Recorded
Investment
 
(Dollars in Thousands)
Originated:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Commercial real estate mortgage
1

 
$
1,039

 
$
—

 
$
—

 
$
—

 
—

 
$
—

Commercial
2

 
926

 
918

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

Equipment financing
5

 
1,557

 
1,415

 
77

 
861

 
2

 
371

Residential mortgage
1

 
415

 
353

 
—

 
353

 
—

 
—

Total originated
9

 
3,937

 
2,686

 
77

 
1,214

 
2

 
371

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Acquired:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Commercial real estate mortgage
1

 
737

 
727

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

Commercial
6

 
3,209

 
3,135

 
—

 
1,335

 
1

 
1,335

Equipment financing
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

Residential mortgage
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

Total acquired
7

 
3,946

 
3,862

 
—

 
1,335

 
1

 
1,335

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Total loans
16

 
$
7,883

 
$
6,548

 
$
77

 
$
2,549

 
3

 
$
1,706


(1) Includes loans and leases that have been modified within the past twelve months and subsequently had payment defaults during the period indicated.

 
Year Ended December 31, 2012
 
 
 
Recorded Investment
 
Specific
Allowance for
Loan and
Lease Losses
 
 
 
Defaulted (1)
 
Number of
Loans/
Leases
 
At
Modification
 
At End of
Period
 
 
Nonaccrual
Loans and
Leases
 
Number of
Loans/
Leases
 
Recorded
Investment
 
(Dollars in Thousands)
Originated:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Commercial real estate mortgage
2

 
$
867

 
$
854

 
$
33

 
$
513

 
2

 
$
1,288

Commercial
3

 
3,942

 
2,086

 
316

 
1,993

 
1

 
44

Equipment financing
8

 
2,138

 
2,038

 
110

 
793

 
6

 
1,240

Residential mortgage
6

 
2,422

 
1,724

 
315

 
294

 
3

 
763

Total originated
19

 
9,369

 
6,702

 
774

 
3,593

 
12

 
3,335

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Acquired:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Commercial real estate mortgage
1

 
3,145

 
3,208

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

Commercial
2

 
1,229

 
1,163

 
—

 
478

 
—

 
—

Equipment financing
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

Residential mortgage
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

Total acquired
3

 
4,374

 
4,371

 
—

 
478

 
—

 
—

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Total loans
22

 
$
13,743

 
$
11,073

 
$
774

 
$
4,071

 
12

 
$
3,335


(1) Includes loans and leases that have been modified within the past twelve months and subsequently had payment defaults during the period indicated.


F-48
BROOKLINE BANCORP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
December 31, 2014, 2013 and 2012

The following table sets forth the Company's end-of-period balances for troubled debt restructurings that were modified during the periods indicated, by type of modification.
 
Year Ended
December 31,
 
2014
 
2013
 
2012
 
(In Thousands)
Loans with one modification:
 
 
 
 
 
Extended maturity
$
3,241

 
$
3,841

 
$
1,478

Adjusted principal
—

 
908

 
2,185

Adjusted interest rate
—

 
755

 
1,715

Interest only
16

 
—

 
—

Combination maturity, principal, interest rate
479

 
554

 
1,838

Total loans modified once
$
3,736

 
$
6,058

 
$
7,216

 
 
 
 
 
 
Loans with more than one modification:
 
 
 
 
 
Extended maturity
$
1,951

 
$
490

 
$
—

Adjusted principal
—

 
—

 
3,857

Interest only
292

 
—

 
—

Combination maturity, principal, interest rate
834

 
—

 
—

Total loans modified more than once
$
3,077

 
$
490

 
$
3,857

The financial impact of the modification of performing and nonperforming loans and leases for the year ending December 31, 2014 and December 31, 2013 was $0.3 million and $0.8 million, respectively. There was no financial impact of the modification of performing and nonperforming loans and leases for the year ending December 31, 2012.
As of December 31, 2014, there were no commitments to lend funds to debtors owing receivables whose terms had been modified in troubled debt restructurings.
(8) Premises and Equipment
Premises and equipment consist of the following:
 
At December 31,
 
Estimated
Useful Life
 
2014
 
2013
 
 
(In Thousands)
 
(In Years)
Land
$
7,562

 
$
7,481

 
NA
Office building and improvements
78,461

 
75,271

 
10 to 40
Furniture, fixtures and equipment
12,224

 
20,707

 
5 to 25
Vehicles
144

 
212

 
3 to 10
Computer Equipment
8,400

 
4,715

 
3
Core processing system and software
18,496

 
16,539

 
3 to 7.5
Total
125,287

 
124,925

 
 
Accumulated depreciation and amortization
44,668

 
44,420

 
 
Total premises and equipment
$
80,619

 
$
80,505

 
 
Depreciation and amortization expense is calculated using the straight-line method and is included in occupancy and equipment and data processing expense in the Consolidated Statements of Income. For the years ended December 31, 2014,

F-49
BROOKLINE BANCORP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
December 31, 2014, 2013 and 2012

2013 and 2012, depreciation and amortization expense related to premises and equipment totaled $7.0 million, $6.3 million and $3.7 million, respectively.
(9) Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets
The changes in the carrying value of goodwill for the periods indicated were as follows:
 
Year Ended December 31,
 
2014
 
2013
 
2012
 
(In Thousands)
Balance at beginning of year
$
137,890

 
$
137,890

 
$
45,799

Additions
—

 
—

 
93,145

Adjustments to original goodwill
—

 
—

 
(1,054
)
Balance at end of year
$
137,890

 
$
137,890

 
$
137,890

The following is a summary of the Company's other intangible assets:
 
At December 31, 2014
 
At December 31, 2013
 
Gross
Amount
 
Accumulated
Amortization
 
Carrying
Amount
 
Gross
Amount
 
Accumulated
Amortization
 
Carrying
Amount
 
(In Thousands)
Other intangible assets:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Core deposits
$
36,172

 
$
23,717

 
$
12,455

 
$
36,172

 
$
20,395

 
$
15,777

Trade name
1,600

 
511

 
1,089

 
1,600

 
511

 
1,089

Trust relationship
1,568

 
1,568

 
—

 
1,568

 
1,547

 
21

Other intangible
442

 
442

 
—

 
442

 
442

 
—

Total other intangible assets
$
39,782

 
$
26,238

 
$
13,544

 
$
39,782

 
$
22,895

 
$
16,887


At December 31, 2013, the Company concluded that the BankRI name would continue to be utilized in its marketing strategies; therefore, the trade name with carrying value of $1.1 million has an indefinite life and ceased to amortize.
The weighted-average amortization period for core deposit intangible and trust relationships is 11.0 and 1.0 years, respectively. There were no impairment losses relating to other acquisition-related intangible assets recorded during the years ended December 31, 2014, 2013 and 2012.
The estimated aggregate future amortization expense for other intangible assets for each of the next five years and thereafter is as follows:
Year ended December 31:
Amount
 
(In Thousands)

2015
$
2,911

2016
2,500

2017
2,089

2018
1,669

2019
1,295

Thereafter
1,991

Total
$
12,455


F-50
BROOKLINE BANCORP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
December 31, 2014, 2013 and 2012

(10) Other Assets
BOLI
BOLI is recorded at the cash surrender value of the policies, less any applicable cash surrender charges, and is recorded in other assets. At December 31, 2014 and 2013, BankRI owned nine policies with a net cash surrender value of $35.8 million and $34.7 million, respectively. At both December 31, 2014 and 2013, First Ipswich owned two policies with a net cash surrender value of $0.7 million.
The Company recorded a total of $1.1 million, $1.1 million and $1.2 million of tax exempt income from these nine policies in 2014, 2013, and 2012, respectively. They are included in the Company’s other non-interest income in the consolidated statements of income.
Affordable Housing Investments
The Company began investing in affordable housing projects that benefit low- and moderate-income individuals in 2011 and currently has investments in eight projects. During 2014, the Company invested in one new affordable housing projects for a total of $2.1 million. The Company is a limited partner in these projects given that its investments do not exceed 50% of the outstanding equity interest in any single project and project management is controlled by the general partner or project sponsor. Further information regarding the Company's investments in affordable housing projects follows:
 
As of and for the
Year Ended
December 31,
 
2014
 
2013
 
2012
 
(In Thousands)
Investments in affordable housing projects included in other assets
$
10,131

 
$
10,301

 
$
9,167

Unfunded commitments related to affordable housing projects included in other liabilities
2,608

 
2,904

 
4,291

Loss from investments in affordable housing projects
2,060

 
1,812

 
694

Reduction in tax expense due to affordable housing tax credits
1,431

 
1,058

 
806


F-51
BROOKLINE BANCORP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
December 31, 2014, 2013 and 2012

(11) Deposits
A summary of deposits follows:
 
December 31, 2014
 
December 31, 2013
 
Amount
 
Weighted
Average
Rate
 
Amount
 
Weighted
Average
Rate
 
(Dollars in Thousands)
Demand checking accounts
$
726,118

 
—

 
$
707,023

 
—

NOW accounts
235,063

 
0.07
%
 
210,602

 
0.07
%
Savings accounts
531,727

 
0.21
%
 
494,734

 
0.25
%
Money market accounts
1,518,490

 
0.52
%
 
1,487,979

 
0.54
%
Total core deposit accounts
3,011,398

 
0.31
%
 
2,900,338

 
0.32
%
Certificate of deposit accounts maturing:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Within six months
363,258

 
0.70
%
 
381,986

 
0.72
%
After six months but within 1 year
258,379

 
0.72
%
 
312,005

 
0.82
%
After 1 year but within 2 years
232,658

 
1.08
%
 
141,518

 
1.09
%
After 2 years but within 3 years
36,685

 
1.49
%
 
45,965

 
1.91
%
After 3 years but within 4 years
24,059

 
1.32
%
 
26,046

 
1.65
%
After 4 years but within 5 years
31,630

 
1.75
%
 
26,810

 
1.33
%
5+ Years
39

 
1.34
%
 
338

 
1.15
%
Total certificate of deposit accounts
946,708

 
0.88
%
 
934,668

 
0.91
%
Total deposits
$
3,958,106

 
0.44
%
 
$
3,835,006

 
0.47
%
Certificate of deposit accounts issued in amounts of $250,000 or more totaled $222.2 million and $143.7 million at December 31, 2014 and 2013, respectively.
Interest expense on deposit balances is summarized as follows:
 
Year Ended December 31,
 
2014
 
2013
 
2012
 
(In Thousands)
Interest-bearing deposits:
 
 
 
 
 
NOW accounts
$
171

 
$
173

 
$
209

Savings accounts
1,197

 
1,288

 
1,726

Money market accounts
7,846

 
8,220

 
8,773

Certificate of deposit accounts
7,846

 
9,092

 
10,724

Total interest-bearing deposits
$
17,060

 
$
18,773

 
$
21,432

Related Party Deposits
Deposit accounts of directors, executive officers and their affiliates totaled $16.1 million and $11.1 million at December 31, 2014 and 2013, respectively.
Collateral Pledged to Deposits
At December 31, 2014 and 2013, $93.0 million and $62.4 million, respectively, of collateral was pledged for municipal deposits; treasury; tax and loan deposits.

F-52
BROOKLINE BANCORP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
December 31, 2014, 2013 and 2012

(12) Borrowed Funds
Borrowed funds are comprised of the following:
 
At December 31,
 
2014
 
2013
 
(In Thousands)
Advances from the FHLBB
$
1,004,026

 
$
768,773

Subordinated debentures and notes
82,763

 
9,163

Other borrowed funds
39,615

 
34,619

Total borrowed funds
$
1,126,404

 
$
812,555

Interest expense on borrowed funds for the periods indicated is as follows:
 
Year Ended December 31,
 
2014
 
2013
 
2012
 
(In Thousands)
Advances from the FHLBB
$
10,535

 
$
10,886

 
$
13,685

Subordinated debentures and notes
1,740

 
439

 
578

Other borrowed funds
79

 
68

 
137

Total interest expense on borrowed funds
$
12,354

 
$
11,393

 
$
14,400

Investment Securities and Loans Pledged as Collateral
At December 31, 2014 and 2013, $2.1 billion and $1.6 billion, respectively, of investment securities available-for-sale and loans and leases, were pledged as collateral for repurchase agreements; municipal deposits; treasury; tax and loan deposits; swap agreements; and FHLBB borrowings. The Banks did not have any outstanding FRB borrowings at December 31, 2014 and 2013.
FHLBB Advances
FHLBB advances mature as follows:
 
At December 31,
 
2014
 
2013
 
Amount
 
Callable
Amount
 
Weighted
Average
Rate
 
Amount
 
Callable
Amount
 
Weighted
Average
Rate
 
(Dollars in Thousands)
Within 1 year
$
583,000

 
$
—

 
0.52
%
 
$
186,035

 
$
—

 
0.71
%
Over 1 year to 2 years
217,054

 
31,353

 
0.89
%
 
283,000

 
—

 
0.79
%
Over 2 years to 3 years
145,326

 
116,828

 
2.43
%
 
92,971

 
32,094

 
2.45
%
Over 3 years to 4 years
36,550

 
10,054

 
2.46
%
 
147,198

 
118,698

 
3.86
%
Over 4 years to 5 years
5,416

 
—

 
2.21
%
 
36,625

 
10,071

 
2.51
%
Over 5 years
16,680

 
—

 
4.18
%
 
22,944

 
—

 
3.70
%
 
$
1,004,026

 
$
158,235

 
1.02
%
 
$
768,773

 
$
160,863

 
1.71
%
Actual maturities of the advances may differ from those presented above since the FHLBB has the right to call certain advances prior to the scheduled maturity.
The FHLBB advances are secured by blanket pledge agreements which require the Banks to maintain certain qualifying assets as collateral. Although the Banks did not have any FRB borrowings at December 31, 2014, total available borrowing

F-53
BROOKLINE BANCORP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
December 31, 2014, 2013 and 2012

capacity for advances from the FHLBB and FRB was $0.3 billion. The total amount of qualifying collateral for FHLBB and FRB borrowings was $1.9 billion at December 31, 2014.
Repurchase Agreements
Information concerning repurchase agreements is as follows for the periods indicated below:
 
Year Ended December 31,
 
2014
 
2013
 
(Dollars In Thousands)
Outstanding at end of year
$
39,633

 
$
34,619

Average outstanding for the year
28,724

 
38,784

Maximum outstanding at any month-end
39,633

 
48,544

Weighted average rate at end of year
0.16
%
 
0.17
%
Weighted average rate paid for the year
0.28
%
 
0.18
%
Securities sold under agreements to repurchase are funds borrowed from customers on an overnight basis that are secured by GSEs in the same amount. The obligations to repurchase the identical securities that were sold are reflected as liabilities and the securities remain in the asset accounts.
Subordinated Debentures and Notes
In connection with the acquisition of Bancorp Rhode Island, Inc., the Company assumed three subordinated debentures issued by a subsidiary of Bancorp Rhode Island, Inc. One subordinated debenture in the amount of $3.0 million was called in the first quarter of 2013 due to its high fixed rate.
On September 15, 2014, the Company offered $75.0 million of 6.0% fixed-to-floating subordinated notes due September
15, 2029. The Company is obligated to pay 6.0% interest semiannually between September 2014 and September 2024. Subsequently, the Company is obligated to pay 3-month LIBOR plus 3.315% quarterly until the notes mature in September 2029. As of December 31, 2014, the Company capitalized $1.5 million in relation to the issuance of these subordinated notes.

The following table summarizes the Company's subordinated debentures and notes at the dates indicated.
At December 31, 2014:
 
 
 
 
 
 
Issue Date
 
Rate
 
Maturity Date
 
Next Call Date
 
Carrying
Amount
 
 
(Dollars in Thousands)
June 26, 2003
 
Variable; 3-month LIBOR + 3.10%
 
June 26, 2033
 
March 26, 2015
 
$
4,696

March 17, 2004
 
Variable; 3-month LIBOR + 2.79%
 
March 17, 2034
 
March 17, 2015
 
$
4,543

September 15, 2014
 
6.0% Fixed-to-Variable; 3-month LIBOR + 3.315%
 
September 15, 2029
 
September 15, 2024
 
$
73,524

At December 31, 2013:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Issue Date
 
Rate
 
Fair
Market Rate
at BankRI
Acquisition
 
Maturity Date
 
Next Call Date
 
Carrying
Amount
 
 
(Dollars in Thousands)
June 26, 2003
 
Variable; 3-month
LIBOR + 3.10%
 
6.45
%
 
June 26, 2033
 
March 26, 2014
 
$
4,666

March 17, 2004
 
Variable; 3-month
LIBOR + 2.79%
 
6.45
%
 
March 17, 2034
 
March 17, 2014
 
$
4,497


F-54
BROOKLINE BANCORP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
December 31, 2014, 2013 and 2012

(13) Commitments and Contingencies
Off-Balance Sheet Financial Instruments
The Company is party to off-balance sheet financial instruments in the normal course of business to meet the financing needs of its customers and to reduce its own exposure to fluctuations in interest rates. These financial instruments include loan commitments, standby and commercial letters of credits, and interest rate swaps. According to GAAP, these financial instruments are not recorded in the financial statements until they are funded or related fees are incurred or received.
The contract amounts reflect the extent of the involvement the Company has in particular classes of these instruments. Such commitments involve, to varying degrees, elements of credit risk and interest-rate risk in excess of the amount recognized in the consolidated balance sheets. The Company's exposure to credit loss in the event of non-performance by the counterparty is represented by the contractual amount of the instruments. The Company uses the same policies in making commitments and conditional obligations as it does for on-balance sheet instruments.
Financial instruments with off-balance-sheet risk at the dates indicated follow:
 
At December 31,
 
2014
 
2013
 
(In Thousands)
Financial instruments whose contract amounts represent credit risk:
 
 
 
Commitments to originate loans and leases:
 
 
 
Commercial real estate
$
107,179

 
$
48,973

Commercial
102,353

 
143,252

Residential mortgage
20,520

 
8,027

Unadvanced portion of loans and leases
629,351

 
586,279

Unused lines of credit:
 
 
 
Home equity
239,240

 
205,665

Other consumer
10,876

 
6,503

Other commercial
728

 
1,035

Unused letters of credit:
 
 
 
Financial standby letters of credit
16,762

 
20,410

Performance standby letters of credit
3,126

 
2,989

Commercial and similar letters of credit
50

 
440

Back-to-back interest rate swaps
109,362

 
22,418

Commitments to extend credit are agreements to lend to a customer as long as there is no violation of any condition established in the contract. Commitments generally have fixed expiration dates or other termination clauses and may require the payment of a fee by the customer. Since some of the commitments are expected to expire without being drawn upon, the total commitment amounts do not necessarily represent future cash requirements. The Company evaluates each customer's creditworthiness on a case-by-case basis. The amount of collateral obtained, if any, is based on management's credit evaluation of the borrower.
Standby and commercial letters of credits are conditional commitments issued by the Company to guarantee performance of a customer to a third party. These standby and commercial letters of credit are primarily issued to support the financing needs of the Company's commercial customers. The credit risk involved in issuing letters of credit is essentially the same as that involved in extending loans to customers.
The liability for unfunded credit commitments, which is included in other liabilities, was $1.3 million at December 31, 2014 and $0.7 million at December 31, 2013.
From time to time the Company enters into back-to-back interest rate swaps with commercial customers and third-party financial institutions. These swaps allow the Company to offer long-term fixed-rate commercial loans while mitigating the

F-55
BROOKLINE BANCORP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
December 31, 2014, 2013 and 2012

interest-rate risk of holding those loans. In a back-to-back interest rate swap transaction, the Company lends to a commercial customer on a floating-rate basis and then enters into an interest rate swap with that customer. Concurrently, the Company enters into offsetting swaps with a third-party financial institution, effectively minimizing its net interest-rate risk exposure resulting from such transactions.
The fair value of interest rate swap assets and liabilities was $2.7 million and $2.7 million, respectively, at December 31, 2014. The fair value of interest rate swap assets and liabilities was $0.8 million and $0.9 million, respectively, at December 31, 2013.
Lease Commitments
The Company leases certain office space under various noncancellable operating leases. These leases have original terms ranging from 5 years to over 20 years. Certain leases contain renewal options and escalation clauses which can increase rental expenses based principally on the consumer price index and fair market rental value provisions.
A summary of future minimum rental payments under such leases at the dates indicated follows:
Year ended December 31,
Minimum Rental Payments
 
(In Thousands)
2015
$
5,494

2016
5,354

2017
4,831

2018
4,275

2019
3,361

Thereafter
12,266

Total
$
35,581

Certain leases contain escalation clauses for real estate taxes and other expenditures, which are not included above. Total rental expense was $6.5 million in 2014, which included $0.8 million in lease acceleration related to a relocation of an operations center and a closure of a branch property. This compares to total rent expense of $5.2 million in 2013 and $4.5 million in 2012.
A portion of the Company's headquarters was rented to third-party tenants which generated a rental income of $0.4 million and $0.3 million respectively in 2014 and 2013. Rental income was reported in non-interest income in the Company's consolidated statements of income.
Legal Proceedings
In the normal course of business, there are various outstanding legal proceedings. In the opinion of management, after consulting with legal counsel, the consolidated financial position and results of operations of the Company are not expected to be affected materially by the outcome of such proceedings.

F-56
BROOKLINE BANCORP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
December 31, 2014, 2013 and 2012

(14) Earnings per Share
The following table is a reconciliation of basic EPS and diluted EPS:
 
2014
 
2013
 
2012
 
Basic
 
Fully
Diluted
 
Basic
 
Fully
Diluted
 
Basic
 
Fully
Diluted
 
(Dollars in Thousands, Except Per Share Amounts)
Net income
$
42,765

 
$
42,765

 
$
35,386

 
$
35,386

 
$
37,142

 
$
37,142

Weighted average shares outstanding
69,945,028

 
69,945,028

 
69,808,164

 
69,808,164

 
69,702,417

 
69,702,417

Effect of dilutive securities
—

 
109,787

 
—

 
75,760

 
—

 
43,839

Adjusted weighted average shares outstanding
69,945,028

 
70,054,815

 
69,808,164

 
69,883,924

 
69,702,417

 
69,746,256

Earnings per share
$
0.61

 
$
0.61

 
$
0.51

 
$
0.51

 
$
0.53

 
$
0.53

On January 3, 2012, the Company issued approximately 11 million shares of common stock as partial consideration to acquire Bancorp Rhode Island, Inc. (Refer to Note 2, "Acquisitions")
(15) Comprehensive Income/(Loss)
Comprehensive income/(loss) represents the sum of net income (loss) and other comprehensive income (loss). For the years ended December 31, 2014, 2013 and 2012, the Company’s other comprehensive income/(loss) include the following two components: (i) unrealized holding gains (losses) on investment securities available-for-sale; and (ii) adjustment of accumulated obligation for postretirement benefits.
 
Changes in accumulated other comprehensive (loss) income by component, net of tax, were as follows for the periods indicated:

 
Year Ended December 31, 2014
 
Investment
Securities
 Available-for-Sale
 
Postretirement
Benefits
 
Accumulated Other
Comprehensive
(Loss)/Income
 
(In Thousands)
Balance at December 31, 2013
$
(8,332
)
 
$
417

 
$
(7,915
)
Other comprehensive income (loss)
6,599

 
(306
)
 
6,293

Balance at December 31, 2014
$
(1,733
)
 
$
111

 
$
(1,622
)
 
 
Year Ended December 31, 2013
 
Investment
Securities
 Available-for-Sale
 
Postretirement
Benefits
 
Accumulated Other
Comprehensive
Income/(Loss)
 
(In Thousands)
Balance at December 31, 2012
$
3,358

 
$
125

 
$
3,483

Other comprehensive (loss) income
(11,690
)
 
292

 
(11,398
)
Balance at December 31, 2013
$
(8,332
)
 
$
417

 
$
(7,915
)
 

F-57
BROOKLINE BANCORP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
December 31, 2014, 2013 and 2012

 
Year Ended December 31, 2012
 
Investment
Securities
 Available-for-Sale
 
Postretirement
Benefits
 
Accumulated Other
Comprehensive
Income
 
(In Thousands)
Balance at December 31, 2011
$
1,834

 
$
129

 
$
1,963

Other comprehensive income (loss)

1,524

 
(4
)
 
1,520

Balance at December 31, 2012
$
3,358

 
$
125

 
$
3,483

 
The following is a summary of the amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) for the years ended December 31, 2014, 2013, and 2012.

 
Year Ended December 31,
 
Income Statement Line Affected by Reclassification
 
2014
 
2013
 
2012
 
 
(In Thousands)
 
 
Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) Component
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Unrealized gains on investment securities available-for-sale:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
$
65

 
$
397

 
$
926

 
Gain on sales of securities,net
 
(23
)
 
(142
)
 
(328
)
 
Provision for income taxes
Total reclassifications for the period
$
42

 
$
255

 
$
598

 
Net income
(16) Derivatives and Hedging Activities
The Company may use interest-rate contracts (swaps, caps and floors) as part of interest-rate risk management strategy. Interest-rate swap, cap and floor agreements are entered into as hedges against future interest-rate fluctuations on specifically identified assets or liabilities. The Company did not have derivative fair value hedges or derivative cash flow hedges at December 31, 2014 and 2013.
Derivatives not designated as hedges are not speculative but rather, result from a service the Company provides to certain customers for a fee. The Company executes interest-rate swaps with commercial banking customers to aid them in managing their interest-rate risk. The interest-rate swap contracts allow the commercial banking customers to convert floating-rate loan payments to fixed-rate loan payments. The Company concurrently enters into offsetting swaps with a third-party financial institution, effectively minimizing its net risk exposure resulting from such transactions. The third-party financial institution exchanges the customer's fixed-rate loan payments for floating-rate loan payments. As the interest-rate swaps associated with this program do not meet hedge accounting requirements, changes in the fair value of both the customer swaps and the offsetting swaps are recognized directly in earnings. The Company had 22 interest-rate swaps with an aggregate notional amount of $109.4 million and 8 interest-rate swaps with an aggregate notional amount of $22.4 million related to this program at December 31, 2014 and 2013, respectively.
Asset derivatives and liability derivatives are included in other assets and accrued expenses and other liabilities on the
consolidated balance sheets, respectively. The table below presents the fair value and classification of the Company’s derivative
financial instruments at December 31, 2014 and 2013.
 
At December 31, 2014
 
At December 31, 2013
 
Asset
Derivatives
 
Liability
Derivatives
 
Asset
Derivatives
 
Liability
Derivatives
 
(In Thousands)
Total derivatives (interest-rate products) not designated as hedging instruments
$
2,676

 
$
2,714

 
$
825

 
$
856



F-58
BROOKLINE BANCORP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
December 31, 2014, 2013 and 2012

Changes in the fair value are recognized directly in the Company's unaudited consolidated statements of income and are included in loan fees in the consolidated statements of income. The table below presents the gain (loss) recognized in income due to changes in the fair value for the year ended December 31, 2014 and 2013.
 
Year Ended December 31,
 
2014
 
2013
 
(In Thousands)
(Loss) gain recognized in income on derivatives
$
(8
)
 
$
32


By using derivative financial instruments, the Company exposes itself to credit risk. Credit risk is the risk of failure by the counterparty to perform under the terms of the derivative contract. When the fair value of a derivative contract is positive, the counterparty owes the Company, which creates credit risk for the Company. When the fair value of a derivative is negative, the Company owes the counterparty and, therefore, it does not possess credit risk. The credit risk in derivative instruments is mitigated by entering into transactions with highly-rated counterparties that management believes to be creditworthy and by limiting the amount of exposure to each counterparty. As the swaps are subject to master netting agreements, the Company had limited exposure relating to interest rate swaps with institutional counterparties at December 31, 2014 and 2013. The estimated net credit risk exposure for derivative financial instruments was $39.3 thousand and $31.2 thousand at December 31, 2014, and 2013, respectively.
Certain of the derivative agreements contain provisions that require the Company to post collateral if the derivative exposure exceeds a threshold amount. The Company posted collateral in the normal course of business totaling $3.8 million and $2.8 million as of December 31, 2014 and 2013, respectively.
The tables below present the offsetting of derivatives and amounts subject to master netting agreements not offset in the consolidated balance sheet at the dates indicated.
 
At December 31, 2014
 
Gross
Amounts of
Recognized
Assets /Liabilities
 
Gross Amounts
Offset in the
Statement of Financial Position
 
Net Amounts of
Assets Presented in
the Statement of Financial Position
 
Gross Amounts Not Offset in the
Statement of Financial Position
 
Net Amount
 
 
 
 
Financial Instruments
 
Cash Collateral (Received)/ Posted
 
 
(In Thousands)
Asset Derivatives
$
2,676

 
$
—

 
$
2,676

 
$
—

 


 
$
2,676

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Liability Derivatives
$
2,714

 
$
—

 
$
2,714

 
$
—

 
$
3,839

 
$
6,553

 
 
At December 31, 2013
 
Gross
Amounts of
Recognized
Assets /Liabilities
 
Gross Amounts
Offset in the
Statement of Financial Position
 
Net Amounts of
Assets Presented in
the Statement of Financial Position
 
Gross Amounts Not Offset in the
Statement of Financial Position
 
Net Amount
 
 
 
 
Financial Instruments
 
Cash Collateral (Received) / Posted
 
 
(In Thousands)
Asset Derivatives
$
825

 
$
—

 
$
825

 
$
—

 
$
—

 
$
825

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Liability Derivatives
$
856

 
$
—

 
$
856

 
$
—

 
$
2,811

 
$
3,667

     
The Company has agreements with certain of its derivative counterparties that contain credit-risk-related contingent provisions. These provisions provide the counterparty with the right to terminate its derivative positions and require the Company to settle its obligations under the agreements if the Company defaults on certain of its indebtedness or if the Company fails to maintain its status as a well-capitalized institution.

F-59
BROOKLINE BANCORP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
December 31, 2014, 2013 and 2012

(17) Income Taxes
Income tax expense is comprised of the following amounts:
 
Year Ended December 31,
 
2014
 
2013
 
2012
 
(In Thousands)
Current provision:
 
 
 
 
 
Federal
$
19,329

 
$
12,799

 
$
15,558

State
5,240

 
4,238

 
5,120

Total current provision
24,569

 
17,037

 
20,678

Deferred provision (benefit):
 
 
 
 
 
Federal
289

 
2,572

 
389

State
(109
)
 
(128
)
 
274

Total deferred provision
180

 
2,444

 
663

Total provision for income taxes
$
24,749

 
$
19,481

 
$
21,341

Total provision for income taxes differed from the amounts computed by applying the statutory U.S. federal income tax rate (35.0%) to income before tax expense as a result of the following:
 
Year Ended December 31,
 
2014
 
2013
 
2012
 
(In Thousands)
Expected income tax expense at statutory federal tax rate
$
24,343

 
$
19,830

 
$
20,899

State taxes, net of federal income tax benefit
3,338

 
2,673

 
3,506

Bank-owned life insurance
(369
)
 
(383
)
 
(409
)
Tax-exempt interest income
(341
)
 
(310
)
 
(216
)
Non-deductible acquisition and other expenses
—

 
—

 
617

Income attributable to noncontrolling interest in subsidiary
(831
)
 
(768
)
 
(560
)
Tax credit—premises and equipment
—

 
(453
)
 
(1,593
)
Tax credits from investments in affordable housing projects
(1,431
)
 
(1,058
)
 
(806
)
Other, net
40

 
(50
)
 
(97
)
Total provision for income taxes
$
24,749

 
$
19,481

 
$
21,341

Effective income tax rate
35.6
%
 
34.4
%
 
35.7
%
The Company's effective tax rate was 35.6% at December 31, 2014 compared to 34.4% at December 31, 2013. The increase in the Company's effective tax rate from 2013 was primarily attributable to tax credits received in 2013 from the 2013 rehabilitation of the Company's headquarters.

F-60
BROOKLINE BANCORP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
December 31, 2014, 2013 and 2012

The tax effects of temporary differences that give rise to significant portions of the deferred tax assets and liabilities at the dates indicated are as follows:
 
At December 31,
 
2014
 
2013
 
(In Thousands)
Deferred tax assets:
 
 
 
Allowance for credit losses
$
21,770

 
$
19,754

Acquisition fair value adjustments
3,066

 
7,430

Unrealized loss on investment securities available-for-sale
1,086

 
5,119

Retirement and postretirement benefits
4,794

 
4,159

Deferred compensation
3,686

 
1,989

Net operating loss and contribution carryovers
1,614

 
1,922

Nonaccrual interest
814

 
878

Restricted stock and stock option plans
708

 
726

Write-downs of investment securities
—

 
442

Accrued expenses
407

 
375

Alternative minimum tax credits
31

 
31

Other
63

 
33

Total gross deferred tax assets
38,039

 
42,858

Deferred tax liabilities:
 
 
 
Identified intangible assets and goodwill
6,311

 
7,322

Depreciation
2,740

 
2,619

Deferred loan origination costs, net
930

 
734

Investments in affordable housing projects
257

 
205

Unrecognized gain relating to postretirement obligation
70

 
268

Other
44

 
—

Total gross deferred tax liabilities
10,352

 
11,148

Net deferred tax asset
$
27,687

 
$
31,710

At December 31, 2014, the Company had net operating loss carryforwards for federal income tax purposes of $4.6 million which are available to offset future federal taxable income, if any, through 2020. In addition, the Company has alternative minimum tax credit carryforwards of $31,000, which are available to reduce future federal income taxes, if any, over an indefinite period. According to Section 382 of the Internal Revenue Code, the net operating loss carryforwards and credit are subject to an annual limitation of $879,000.
The Company has determined that a valuation allowance is not required for any of its deferred tax assets because it believes that it is more likely than not that these assets will reverse against future taxable income.
For federal income tax purposes, the Company has a $1.8 million reserve for credit losses which remains subject to recapture. If any portion of the reserve is used for purposes other than to absorb the losses for which it was established, approximately 150% of the amount actually used (limited to the amount of the reserve) would be subject to taxation in the year in which used. As the Company intends to use the reserve only to absorb credit losses, no provision has been made for the $750,000 liability that would result if 100% of the reserve were recaptured.
The Company did not have any unrecognized tax benefits accrued as income tax receivables or as deferred tax items at December 31, 2014.
The Company is subject to federal and state examinations for tax years after December 31, 2009.

F-61
BROOKLINE BANCORP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
December 31, 2014, 2013 and 2012

(18) Stockholders' Equity
Preferred Stock
The Company is authorized to issue 50,000,000 shares of serial preferred stock, par value $0.01 per share, from time to time in one or more series subject to limitations of law. The Board of Directors is authorized to fix the designations, powers, preferences, limitations and rights of the shares of each such series. As of December 31, 2014, there were no shares of preferred stock issued.
Capital Distributions and Restrictions Thereon
The Company is a legal entity separate and distinct from each of the Banks and Brookline Securities Corp. The Company's primary source of revenue dividends paid to it by the Banks and Brookline Securities Corp.
The FRB has authority to prohibit the Company from paying dividends to the Company's shareholders if such payment is deemed to be an unsafe or unsound practice. The FRB has indicated generally that it may be an unsafe or unsound practice for bank holding companies to pay dividends unless the bank holding company's net income over the preceding year is sufficient to fund the dividends and the expected rate of earnings retention is consistent with the organization's capital needs, asset quality and overall financial condition.
The FRB also has the authority to use its enforcement powers to prohibit the Banks from paying dividends to their parent if, in its opinion, the payment of dividends would constitute an unsafe or unsound practice. Federal law also prohibits the payment of dividends by a bank that will result in the bank failing to meet its applicable capital requirements on a pro forma basis. Payment of dividends by a bank is also restricted pursuant to various state regulatory limitations, including the Massachusetts Division of Banks in the case of Brookline Bank and First Ipswich, and the Banking Division of the Rhode Island Department of Business Regulation in the case of BankRI.
Common Stock Repurchases
In 2014, 2013 and 2012, no shares of the Company's common stock were repurchased by the Company. On October 29, 2014, the Company’s Board of Directors authorized a stock repurchase program to acquire up to $10.0 million of total outstanding shares of the Company's common stock over a period of fourteen months ending on December 31, 2015. Repurchases may be made from time to time depending on market conditions and other factors, and will be conducted through open market or private transactions, through block trades, and pursuant to any trading plan that may be adopted in accordance with the Securities and Exchange Commission Rule 10b5-1. There is no guarantee as to the exact number of shares to be repurchased by the Company.
Restricted Retained Earnings
As part of the stock offering in 2002 and as required by regulation, Brookline Bank established a liquidation account for the benefit of eligible account holders and supplemental eligible account holders who maintain their deposit accounts at Brookline Bank after the stock offering. In the unlikely event of a complete liquidation of Brookline Bank (and only in that event), eligible depositors who continue to maintain deposit accounts at Brookline Bank shall be entitled to receive a distribution from the liquidation account.
Accordingly, retained earnings of the Company are deemed to be restricted up to the balance of the liquidation account. The liquidation account balance is reduced annually to the extent that eligible depositors have reduced their qualifying deposits as of each anniversary date. Subsequent increases in deposit account balances do not restore an account holder's interest in the liquidation account
The liquidation account totaled $18.4 million (unaudited), $20.6 million (unaudited), and $22.3 million (unaudited) at
December 31, 2014, 2013 and 2012, respectively.
(19) Regulatory Capital Requirements
The Company's primary source of cash is dividends from the Banks and Brookline Securities Corp. The Banks are subject to certain restrictions on the amount of dividends that they may declare without prior regulatory approval. In addition, the dividends declared cannot be in excess of the amount which would cause the Banks to fall below the minimum required for capital adequacy purposes.

F-62
BROOKLINE BANCORP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
December 31, 2014, 2013 and 2012

The Company is a bank holding company within the meaning of the Bank Holding Company Act of 1956, as amended (the "BHCA") and as such, must comply with the capital requirements of the Federal Reserve Bank (the "FRB") at the consolidated level. As member banks of the FRB, Brookline Bank, BankRI and First Ipswich are also required to comply with the regulatory capital requirement of the FRB.
While the FRB is the primary regulator, the Banks are also subject to FDIC regulations and capital adequacy requirements since they are also FDIC-insured banks. The FDIC has promulgated corresponding regulations to implement the system of prompt corrective action established by Section 38 of the Federal Deposit Insurance Act, as amended (the "FDIA"). Under the regulations in effect at December 31, 2014, a bank is "well-capitalized" if it has: (1) a total risk-based capital ratio of 10.0% or greater; (2) a Tier 1 risk-based capital ratio of 6.0% or greater; (3) a Tier 1 leverage ratio of 5.0% or greater; and (4) is not subject to any written agreement, order, capital directive or prompt corrective action directive to meet and maintain a specific capital level for any capital measure.
Failure to meet minimum capital requirements can initiate certain mandatory and possibly additional discretionary actions by regulators that, if undertaken, could have a direct material effect on the Company's financial statements. Under capital adequacy guidelines and the regulatory framework for prompt corrective action, the Company and Banks must meet specific capital guidelines that involve quantitative measures of the Company's and the Banks' assets, liabilities and certain off-balance sheet items as calculated under regulatory accounting practices. The Company's and the Banks' capital amounts and classification are also subject to qualitative judgments by the regulators about components, risk weightings, and other factors. Prompt corrective action provisions are not applicable to bank holding companies.
The following table reconciles stockholders' equity under GAAP with regulatory capital for the Company and its subsidiaries at the dates indicated.
 
The Company
December 31,
 
Brookline Bank
December 31,
 
BankRI
December 31,
 
First Ipswich
December 31,
 
2014
 
2013
 
2014
 
2013
 
2014
 
2013
 
2014
 
2013
 
(In Thousands)
Stockholders' equity
$
640,750

 
$
613,867

 
$
339,155

 
$
301,291

 
$
253,208

 
$
236,579

 
$
34,274

 
$
34,641

Adjustments:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Minority interest
4,787

 
4,304

 
4,787

 
4,304

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

Trust preferred subordinated debenture
9,239

 
9,163

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

Disallowed goodwill and intangible assets
(151,434
)
 
(154,777
)
 
(7,626
)
 
(7,647
)
 
(103,862
)
 
(106,593
)
 
(4,679
)
 
(5,271
)
Net unrealized loss on available-for-sale equity securities
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
(10
)
Net unrealized losses on available-for-sale securities
1,733

 
8,326

 
308

 
2,285

 
1,057

 
4,918

 
367

 
1,075

Accumulated net gains on postretirement benefits
(111
)
 
(411
)
 
(111
)
 
(411
)
 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

Tier 1 capital
504,964

 
480,472

 
336,513

 
299,822

 
150,403

 
134,904

 
29,962

 
30,435

Allowance for credit losses not to exceed 1.25% of risk-weighted assets
54,933

 
49,510

 
36,799

 
35,926

 
15,721

 
10,936

 
2,412

 
1,854

Unrealized gains on available-for-sale equity securities
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
11

 
7

 
1

 
—

Subordinated notes
73,524

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

Total risk-based capital
$
633,421

 
$
529,982

 
$
373,312

 
$
335,748

 
$
166,135

 
$
145,847

 
$
32,375

 
$
32,289


F-63
BROOKLINE BANCORP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
December 31, 2014, 2013 and 2012

As of December 31, 2014, the Company, Brookline Bank, BankRI and First Ipswich met all applicable minimum capital requirements and were considered "well-capitalized" by their respective regulators. The Company's and the Banks' actual and required capital amounts and ratios are as follows:
 
 
Actual
 
Minimum Required for
Capital Adequacy
Purposes
 
Minimum Required
To Be Considered
"Well-Capitalized"
 
 
Amount
 
Ratio
 
Amount
 
Ratio
 
Amount
 
Ratio
 
 
(Dollars in Thousands)
At December 31, 2014:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Brookline Bancorp, Inc.
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Tier 1 leverage capital ratio
(1
)
$
504,964

 
9.01
%
 
$
224,179

 
4.00
%
 
N/A

 
N/A

Tier 1 risk-based capital ratio
(2
)
504,964

 
10.55
%
 
191,456

 
4.00
%
 
N/A

 
N/A

Total risk-based capital ratio
(3
)
633,421

 
13.24
%
 
382,732

 
8.00
%
 
N/A

 
N/A

Brookline Bank
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Tier 1 leverage capital ratio
(1
)
$
336,513

 
9.60
%
 
$
140,214

 
4.00
%
 
$
175,267

 
5.00
%
Tier 1 risk-based capital ratio
(2
)
336,513

 
10.72
%
 
125,565

 
4.00
%
 
188,347

 
6.00
%
Total risk-based capital ratio
(3
)
373,312

 
11.90
%
 
250,966

 
8.00
%
 
313,708

 
10.00
%
BankRI
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Tier 1 leverage capital ratio
(1
)
$
150,403

 
8.43
%
 
$
71,366

 
4.00
%
 
$
89,207

 
5.00
%
Tier 1 risk-based capital ratio
(2
)
150,403

 
10.70
%
 
56,225

 
4.00
%
 
84,338

 
6.00
%
Total risk-based capital ratio
(3
)
166,135

 
11.82
%
 
112,443

 
8.00
%
 
140,554

 
10.00
%
First Ipswich
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Tier 1 leverage capital ratio
(1
)
$
29,962

 
9.27
%
 
$
12,929

 
4.00
%
 
$
16,161

 
5.00
%
Tier 1 risk-based capital ratio
(2
)
29,962

 
12.40
%
 
9,665

 
4.00
%
 
14,498

 
6.00
%
Total risk-based capital ratio
(3
)
32,375

 
13.40
%
 
19,328

 
8.00
%
 
24,160

 
10.00
%
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
At December 31, 2013:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Brookline Bancorp, Inc.
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Tier 1 leverage capital ratio
(1
)
$
480,472

 
9.36
%
 
$
205,330

 
4.00
%
 
N/A

 
N/A

Tier 1 risk-based capital ratio
(2
)
480,472

 
11.01
%
 
174,558

 
4.00
%
 
N/A

 
N/A

Total risk-based capital ratio
(3
)
529,982

 
12.15
%
 
348,959

 
8.00
%
 
N/A

 
N/A

Brookline Bank
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Tier 1 leverage capital ratio
(1
)
$
299,822

 
9.37
%
 
$
127,992

 
4.00
%
 
$
159,990

 
5.00
%
Tier 1 risk-based capital ratio
(2
)
299,822

 
10.43
%
 
114,984

 
4.00
%
 
172,477

 
6.00
%
Total risk-based capital ratio
(3
)
335,748

 
11.69
%
 
229,768

 
8.00
%
 
287,210

 
10.00
%
BankRI
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Tier 1 leverage capital ratio
(1
)
$
134,904

 
8.08
%
 
$
66,784

 
4.00
%
 
$
83,480

 
5.00
%
Tier 1 risk-based capital ratio
(2
)
134,904

 
10.57
%
 
51,052

 
4.00
%
 
76,577

 
6.00
%
Total risk-based capital ratio
(3
)
145,847

 
11.43
%
 
102,080

 
8.00
%
 
127,600

 
10.00
%
First Ipswich
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Tier 1 leverage capital ratio
(1
)
$
30,435

 
9.77
%
 
$
12,461

 
4.00
%
 
$
15,576

 
5.00
%
Tier 1 risk-based capital ratio
(2
)
30,435

 
13.57
%
 
8,971

 
4.00
%
 
13,457

 
6.00
%
Total risk-based capital ratio
(3
)
32,289

 
14.40
%
 
17,938

 
8.00
%
 
22,423

 
10.00
%
_______________________________________________________________________________
(1)
Tier 1 leverage capital ratio is calculated by dividing Tier 1 capital by average assets.

F-64
BROOKLINE BANCORP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
December 31, 2014, 2013 and 2012

(2)
Tier 1 risk-based capital ratio is calculated by dividing Tier 1 capital by risk-weighted assets.
(3)
Total risk-based capital ratio is calculated by dividing total capital by risk-weighted assets.

F-65
BROOKLINE BANCORP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
December 31, 2014, 2013 and 2012

(20) Employee Benefit Plans
Postretirement Benefits
Postretirement benefits are provided for part of the annual expense of health insurance premiums for retired employees and their dependents. No contributions are made by the Company to invest in assets allocated for the purpose of funding this benefit obligation.
The following table presents the components of net periodic postretirement benefit cost and other amounts recognized in other comprehensive income:
 
Year Ended
December 31,
 
2014
 
2013
 
2012
 
(In Thousands)
Net periodic benefit expense:
 
 
 
 
 
Service cost
$
45

 
$
61

 
$
74

Interest cost
47

 
47

 
55

Prior service credit
(21
)
 
(21
)
 
(21
)
Actuarial gain
(40
)
 
(16
)
 
(3
)
Net periodic benefit expense
$
31

 
$
71

 
$
105

Changes in postretirement benefit obligation recognized in other comprehensive income:
 
 
 
 
 
Net actuarial loss (gain)
$
(477
)
 
$
489

 
$
11

Prior service credit
(21
)
 
(21
)
 
(21
)
Total pre-tax changes in postretirement benefit obligation recognized in other comprehensive income
$
(498
)
 
$
468

 
$
(10
)
The discount rate used to determine the actuarial present value of projected postretirement benefit obligations was 4.00% in 2014, 4.90% in 2013 and 3.95% in 2012. The estimated prior service credit that will be amortized from accumulated other comprehensive income into net periodic benefit cost in 2015 is $21,000. The liability for the postretirement benefits included in accrued expenses and other liabilities was $1.6 million at December 31, 2014 and $1.1 million at December 31, 2013.
The actual health care trend used to measure the accumulated postretirement benefit obligation in 2014 for plan participants below age 65 and for plan participants over age 65 was 6.6% and -0.11%, respectively. In 2013, the rate for plan participants below age 65 and for plan participants over age 65 was 2.7% and -14.5%, respectively. In 2014, there was a lower than expected increase in per capita medical expenses as compared to 2013, which created a smaller gap in the health care trend range. The rates to be used in 2015 through 2019 are expected to be in the range of 7.1% to 6.2% and to decline gradually thereafter to 4.5%. Assumed health care trend rates may have a significant effect on the amounts reported for the postretirement benefit plan. A 1% change in assumed health care cost trend rates would have the following effects:
 
1% Increase
 
1% Decrease
 
(In Thousands)
Effect on total service and interest cost components of net periodic postretirement benefit costs
$
21

 
$
(16
)
Effect on the accumulated postretirement benefit obligation
378

 
(290
)
401(k) Plans
The Company administers two 401(k) plans, both of which are qualified, tax-exempt profit-sharing plans with a salary deferral feature under Section 401(k) of the Internal Revenue Code. Each employee who has attained the age of 21 and completed 1,000 hours of service in a plan year is eligible to participate in a plan by making voluntary contributions, subject to certain limits based on federal tax laws. In one plan, the Company contributes an amount equal to 5% of the compensation of eligible employees, but does not match employee contributions to the plan. Participants are vested in employer contributions immediately. In the other

F-66
BROOKLINE BANCORP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
December 31, 2014, 2013 and 2012

plan, the Company makes a matching contribution of the amount contributed by eligible employees, up to 4% of the employee's yearly compensation. Contributions to both plans are subject to certain limits based on federal tax laws. Expenses associated with the plans were $2.4 million in 2014, $2.0 million in 2013 and $1.8 million in 2012.
Nonqualified Deferred Compensation Plan
The Company also maintains a Nonqualified Deferred Compensation Plan (the "Nonqualified Plan") under which certain participants may contribute the amounts they are precluded from contributing to the Company's 401(k) plans because of the qualified plan limitations, and additional compensation deferrals that may be advantageous for personal income tax or other planning reasons. Expenses associated with the Nonqualified Plan were nominal in 2014, 2013 and 2012. Accrued liabilities associated with the Nonqualified Plan in 2014, 2013 and 2012 were $0.3 million, $0.4 million and $0.5 million, respectively.
Supplemental Executive Retirement Agreements
The Company acquired two Supplemental Executive Retirement Plans (the "SERPs") as part of its acquisition of BankRI. The Company maintains the SERPs for certain senior executives under which participants are entitled to an annual retirement benefit. As of December 31, 2014, there are 13 participants in the SERPs. The Company funded a Rabbi Trust to provide a partial funding source for the Company's liabilities under the SERPs. The Company records annual amounts related to the SERPs based on an actuarial calculation. Actuarial gains and losses are reflected immediately in the statement of income.
Total expenses for benefits payable under the SERPs for the years ended December 31, 2014, and 2013 were $1.9 million, $0.6 million, respectively. Aggregate benefits payable included in accrued expenses and other liabilities at December 31, 2014 and 2013 were $11.6 million and $10.1 million, respectively.
The nominal discount rate used to determine the actuarial present value of projected benefits under the agreements was 4.0% and 5.0% in the year 2014 and 2013, respectively.
Employee Stock Ownership Plan
Brookline Bank established an Employee Stock Ownership Plan ("ESOP") on November 1, 1997. The Company's ESOP loan to Brookline Bank to purchase 546,986 shares of Company common stock is payable in quarterly installments over 30 years, bears interest at 8.50% per annum, matures December 31, 2021 and can be prepaid without penalty. Loans are repaid to the Company in the form of cash contributions from Brookline Bank, subject to federal tax law limits. The outstanding balance of the loan at December 31, 2014 and 2013, was $2.0 million and $2.3 million, respectively, is eliminated in consolidation.
Shares of common stock used as collateral to secure the loan are released and available for allocation to eligible employees as the principal and interest on the loan is paid. Benefits generally vest over a seven-year period at the rate of 20% per year beginning in the third year of service until a participant is 100% vested after seven years or upon retirement, disability or death of the participant or a change in control. 
Dividends on released shares are credited to the participants' ESOP accounts. Dividends on unallocated shares of common stock are generally applied towards payment of the loan. ESOP shares committed to be released are considered outstanding in determining earnings per share.
At December 31, 2014 and 2013, the ESOP held 251,382 and 291,666 unallocated shares, respectively at an aggregate cost of $1.3 million and $1.5 million, respectively. The market value of such shares at December 31, 2014 and 2013 was $2.5 million and $2.8 million, respectively. Compensation and employee benefits expense related to the ESOP was $0.4 million in 2014, $0.4 million in 2013 and $0.4 million in 2012 based on the commitment to release to eligible employees 40,284 shares in 2014, 42,252 shares in 2013 and 44,292 shares in 2012.
Recognition and Retention Plans
As of December 31, 2014, the Company had three active recognition and retention plans: the 2003 Recognition and Retention Plan (the "2003 RRP") with 1,250,000 authorized shares, the 2011 Restricted Stock Award Plan ("2011 RSA") with 500,000 authorized shares and the 2014 Equity Incentive Plan ("2014 Plan" and with the 2003 RRP and the 2011 RSA, collectively referred to as the "Plans") with 1,750,000 authorized shares. The purpose of the Plans is to promote the long-term financial success of the Company and its subsidiaries by providing a means to attract, retain and reward individuals who contribute to such success and to further align their interests with those of the Company's stockholders.

F-67
BROOKLINE BANCORP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
December 31, 2014, 2013 and 2012

Of the awarded shares, generally 50% vest ratably over three years with one-third of such shares vesting at each of the first, second and third anniversary dates of the awards. These are referred to as "time-based shares". The remaining 50% of each award has a cliff vesting schedule and will vest three years after the award date based on the level of the Company's achievement of identified performance targets in comparison to the level of achievement of such identified performance targets by a defined peer group comprised of 22 financial institutions. These are referred to as "performance-based shares". The specific performance measure targets relate to return on assets, return on equity, asset quality and total return to stockholders (share price appreciation from date of award plus dividends paid as a percent of the Company's common stock share price on the date of award). If a participant leaves the Company prior to the third anniversary date of an award, any unvested shares will be forfeited. Dividends declared with respect to shares awarded will be held by the Company and paid to the participant only when the shares vest.
Under all the Plans, shares of the Company's common stock were reserved for issuance as restricted stock awards to officers, employees, consultants and non-employee directors of the Company. Shares issued upon vesting may be either authorized but unissued shares or reacquired shares held by the Company as treasury shares. Any shares not issued because vesting requirements are not met will be retired back to treasury and be made available again for issuance under the Plans.
Total expense for the Plans was $1.2 million in 2014, $1.2 million in 2013 and $0.8 million in 2012. Total income tax benefits on vested awards was $0.4 million in 2014, $0.2 million in 2013 and $0.2 million in 2012. Dividends paid on unvested RRP shares, which are recognized as compensation expense, were $0.2 million in 2014, $30,000 in 2013 and $11,000 in 2012.
Activity under the recognition and retention plans was as follows:
 
Restricted Stock Awards Outstanding
 
Weighted
Average Grant Price per Share
 
 
 
(Dollars in Thousands, Except Per Share Amounts)
 
 
Recognition and Retention Plans:
 
 
 
 
 
Outstanding at December 31, 2013
409,068

 
$
9.29

 
 

Granted
188,654

 
9.01

 
 

Vested
(124,836
)
 
9.25

 
 

Forfeited / Canceled
(53,184
)
 
9.28

 
 

Outstanding at December 31, 2014
419,702

 
$
9.17

 
 
Unrecognized compensation cost
 
 
 
 
$
3,850

Weighted average remaining recognition period (months)
 
 
 
 
17

Stock Option Plans
The Company has an active equity incentive plan, the 2014 Plan. The prior plans, the "2003 Option Plan" and the "1999 Option Plan" were terminated on October 16, 2013 and April 19, 2009, respectively. The 2014 plan is an omnibus plan from which the Company may award shares of restricted stock or stock options among other types of awards.Under all the stock option plans, shares of the Company's common stock were reserved for issuance to directors, employees, consultants and non-employee directors of the Company. Shares issued upon the exercise of a stock option may be either authorized but unissued shares or reacquired shares held by the Company as treasury shares. Any shares subject to an award which expire or are terminated unexercised will again be available for issuance under the plans.
The exercise price of options awarded is the fair market value of the common stock of the Company on the date the award is made. Certain of the options include a reload feature whereby an optionee exercising an option by delivery of shares of common stock would automatically be granted an additional option at the fair market value of stock when such additional option is granted equal to the number of shares so delivered. If an individual to whom a stock option was granted ceases to maintain continuous service by reason of normal retirement, death or disability, or following a change in control, all options and rights granted and not fully exercisable become exercisable in full upon the happening of such an event and shall remain exercisable for a period ranging from three months to five years.
No options were granted in 2014, 2013, or 2012. At December 31, 2014, 2,265,155 options were available for award under the Company's 2003 Option Plan.

F-68
BROOKLINE BANCORP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
December 31, 2014, 2013 and 2012

There was no expense for the stock option plans in 2014 and 2013. There was $10,000 stock option expense in 2012. In accordance with the terms of the Plans, no dividend equivalent rights were paid to holders of unexercised vested options in 2014, 2013 or 2012.
Activity under the option plans was as follows:
 
Options
Outstanding
 
Weighted
Average
Exercise Price
Per Share
 
Aggregate
Intrinsic
Value
 
Weighted
Average
Contractual
Term (In Years)
 
(Dollars in Thousands, Except Per Share Amounts)
Employee Stock Options:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Outstanding at December 31, 2013
232,345

 
$
10.43

 
 

 
 
Granted
—

 
—

 
 

 
 
Exercised
—

 
—

 
 

 
 
Forfeited / Canceled
—

 
—

 
 

 
 
Outstanding at December 31, 2014
232,345

 
$
10.43

 
$
—

 
4.7
Exercisable at December 31, 2014
232,345

 
$
10.43

 
$
—

 
4.7
 
 
(21) Fair Value of Financial Instruments
A description of the valuation methodologies used for assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring and non-recurring basis, as well as the general classification of such instruments pursuant to the valuation hierarchy, is set forth below. There were no changes in the valuation techniques used during 2014 and 2013.
Assets and Liabilities Recorded at Fair Value on a Recurring Basis
The following table set forth the carrying value of assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis at December 31, 2014 and 2013:
 
Carrying Value as of December 31, 2014
 
Level 1
 
Level 2
 
Level 3
 
Total
 
(In Thousands)
Assets:
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

Investment securities available-for-sale:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Debt securities:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
GSEs
$
—

 
$
22,988

 
$
—

 
$
22,988

GSE CMOs
—

 
234,169

 
—

 
234,169

GSE MBSs
—

 
250,981

 
—

 
250,981

SBA commercial loan asset-backed securities
—

 
203

 
—

 
203

Corporate debt obligations
—

 
40,207

 
—

 
40,207

Trust preferred securities
—

 
1,240

 
—

 
1,240

Total debt securities
—

 
549,788

 
—

 
549,788

Marketable equity securities
973

 
—

 
—

 
973

Total investment securities available-for-sale
$
973

 
$
549,788

 
$
—

 
$
550,761

Interest-rate swaps
$
—

 
$
2,676

 
$
—

 
$
2,676

Liabilities:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Interest-rate swaps
$
—

 
$
2,714

 
$
—

 
$
2,714


F-69
BROOKLINE BANCORP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
December 31, 2014, 2013 and 2012

 
Carrying Value as of December 31, 2013
 
Level 1
 
Level 2
 
Level 3
 
Total
 
(In Thousands)
Assets:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Investment securities available-for-sale:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Debt securities:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
GSEs
$
—

 
$
12,180

 
$
—

 
$
12,180

GSE CMOs
—

 
243,644

 
—

 
243,644

GSE MBSs
—

 
199,401

 
—

 
199,401

Private-label CMOs
—

 
3,355

 
—

 
3,355

SBA commercial loan asset-backed securities
—

 
243

 
—

 
243

Auction-rate municipal obligations
—

 
—

 
1,775

 
1,775

Municipal obligations
—

 
1,086

 
—

 
1,086

Corporate debt obligations
—

 
28,224

 
—

 
28,224

Trust preferred securities
—

 
1,210

 
—

 
1,210

Total debt securities
—

 
489,343

 
1,775

 
491,118

Marketable equity securities
1,310

 
—

 
—

 
1,310

Total investment securities available-for-sale
$
1,310

 
$
489,343

 
$
1,775

 
$
492,428

Interest-rate swaps
$
—

 
$
825

 
$
—

 
$
825

Liabilities:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Interest-rate swaps
$
—

 
$
856

 
$
—

 
$
856

Investment Securities Available-for-Sale
The fair value of investment securities is based principally on market prices and dealer quotes received from third-party and nationally-recognized pricing services for identical investment securities such as U.S. Treasury and agency securities. The Company's marketable equity securities are priced this way and are included in Level 1. These prices are validated by comparing the primary pricing source with an alternative pricing source when available. When quoted market prices for identical securities are unavailable, the Company uses market prices provided by independent pricing services based on recent
trading activity and other observable information, including but not limited to market interest-rate curves, referenced credit spreads and estimated prepayment speeds where applicable. These investments include certain U.S. and government agency debt securities, GSE residential MBSs and CMOs, private-label CMOs, municipal and corporate debt securities, and trust preferred securities, all of which are included in Level 2. Certain fair values estimated using pricing models (such as auctionrate municipal securities) are included in Level 3.

Additionally, management reviews changes in fair value from period to period and performs testing to ensure that prices received from the third parties are consistent with management's expectation of the market. Changes in the prices obtained from the pricing service are analyzed from month to month, taking into consideration changes in market conditions including changes in mortgage spreads, changes in U.S. Treasury security yields and changes in generic pricing of 15-year and 30-year securities. Additional analysis may include a review of prices provided by other independent parties, a yield analysis, a review of average life changes using Bloomberg analytics and a review of historical pricing for a particular security.
Interest-Rate Swaps
The fair values for the interest-rate swap assets and liabilities represent a Level 2 valuation and are based on settlement values adjusted for credit risks associated with the counterparties and the Company and observable market interest rate curves. Credit risk adjustments consider factors such as the likelihood of default by the Company and its counterparties, its net exposures and remaining contractual life. To date, the Company has not realized any losses due to a counterparty's inability to pay any net uncollateralized position. The change in value of interest-rate swap assets and liabilities attributable to credit risk was not significant during the reported periods. Refer also to Note 16, "Derivatives and Hedging Activities."

F-70
BROOKLINE BANCORP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
December 31, 2014, 2013 and 2012

The reconciliation of all assets measured at fair value on a recurring basis using significant unobservable inputs (Level 3) is as follows for the periods indicated:
 
Year Ended December 31,
 
2014
 
2013
 
(In Thousands)
Investment securities available-for-sale, beginning of year
$
1,775

 
$
2,917

Investment security sales
(1,658
)
 
—

Principal paydowns and other
—

 
(1,150
)
Total realized losses included in other income
(242
)
 
—

Total unrealized gains included in other comprehensive income
125

 
8

Investment securities available-for-sale, end of year
$
—

 
$
1,775

There were no transfers between levels for assets and liabilities recorded at fair value on a recurring basis during 2014 or 2013.
Assets and Liabilities Recorded at Fair Value on a Non-Recurring Basis
Assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a non-recurring basis at December 31, 2014 and 2013 are summarized below:
 
Carrying Value as of December 31, 2014
 
Level 1
 
Level 2
 
Level 3
 
Total
 
(In Thousands)
Assets measured at fair value on a non-recurring basis:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Collateral-dependent impaired loans and leases
$
—

 
$
—

 
$
6,376

 
$
6,376

OREO
—

 
—

 
953

 
953

Repossessed assets
—

 
503

 
—

 
503

Total assets measured at fair value on a non-recurring basis
$
—

 
$
503

 
$
7,329

 
$
7,832

 
Carrying Value as of December 31, 2013
 
Level 1
 
Level 2
 
Level 3
 
Total
 
(In Thousands)
Assets measured at fair value on a non-recurring basis:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Collateral-dependent impaired loans and leases
$
—

 
$
—

 
$
12,099

 
$
12,099

OREO
—

 
—

 
577

 
577

Repossessed assets
—

 
1,001

 
—

 
1,001

Total assets measured at fair value on a non-recurring basis
$
—

 
$
1,001

 
$
12,676

 
$
13,677

Collateral-Dependent Impaired Loans and Leases
For nonperforming loans and leases where the credit quality of the borrower has deteriorated significantly, fair values of the underlying collateral were estimated using purchase and sales agreements (Level 2), or comparable sales or recent appraisals (Level 3), adjusted for selling costs and other expenses.

F-71
BROOKLINE BANCORP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
December 31, 2014, 2013 and 2012

OREO
The Company records other real estate owned at the lower of cost or fair value. In estimating fair value, the Company utilizes purchase and sales agreements (Level 2) or comparable sales, recent appraisals or cash flows discounted at an interest rate commensurate with the risk associated with these cash flows (Level 3), adjusted for selling costs and other expenses.
Repossessed Assets
Repossessed assets are carried at estimated fair value less costs to sell based on auction pricing (Level 2).
The table below presents quantitative information about significant unobservable inputs (Level 3) for assets measured at fair value on a recurring basis at the dates indicated.
 
Fair Value
Valuation Technique
 
Unobservable Input
 
Range
 
Weighted
Average
Yields
 
At December 31, 2014
 
At December 31, 2013
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
(Dollars in Thousands)
Auction-rate municipal obligations
$
—

 
$
1,775

Discounted cash flow
 
Discount rate
 
0-5%
 
—
%
Collateral-dependent impaired loans and leases
$
6,376

 
$
12,099

Appraisal of collateral (1)
 
 
 
 
 
 
OREO
$
953

 
$
577

Appraisal of collateral (1)
 
 
 
 
 
 
(1) Fair value is generally determined through independent appraisals of the underlying collateral. The Company may also use another available source of collateral assessment to determine a reasonable estimate of the fair value of the collateral. Appraisals may be adjusted by management for qualitative factors such as economic factors and estimated liquidation expenses. The range of these possible adjustments may vary.
Summary of Estimated Fair Values of Financial Instruments
The following table presents the carrying amount, estimated fair value, and placement in the fair value hierarchy of the Company's financial instruments as of December 31, 2014 and 2013. This table excludes financial instruments for which the carrying amount approximates fair value. Financial assets for which the fair value approximates carrying value include cash and cash equivalents, FHLBB and FRB stock and accrued interest receivable. Financial liabilities for which the fair value approximates carrying value include non-maturity deposits, short-term borrowings and accrued interest payable.

F-72
BROOKLINE BANCORP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
December 31, 2014, 2013 and 2012

 
 
 
 
 
Fair Value Measurements
 
Carrying
Value
 
Estimated
Fair Value
 
Level 1
Inputs
 
Level 2
Inputs
 
Level 3
Inputs
 
(In Thousands)
December 31, 2014
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Financial assets:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Investment securities held-to-maturity
$
500

 
$
500

 
$
—

 
$
—

 
$
500

Loans held-for-sale
1,537

 
1,537

 
—

 
1,537

 
—

Loans and leases, net
4,768,948

 
4,753,605

 
—

 
—

 
4,753,605

Financial liabilities:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Certificates of deposit
946,708

 
949,320

 
—

 
949,320

 
—

Borrowed funds
1,126,404

 
1,132,940

 
—

 
1,132,940

 
—

December 31, 2013
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Financial assets:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Investment securities held-to-maturity
$
500

 
$
500

 
$
—


$
—


$
500

Loans held-for-sale
13,372

 
13,372

 
—

 
13,372

 
—

Loans and leases, net
4,313,992

 
4,552,556

 
—

 
—

 
4,552,556

Financial liabilities:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Certificates of deposit
934,668

 
938,703

 
—

 
938,703

 
—

Borrowed funds
812,555

 
815,910

 
—

 
815,910

 
—

Investment Securities Held-to-Maturity
The fair value of securities held-to-maturity are estimated using pricing models or are based on comparisons to market prices of similar securities and considered to be Level 3.
Loans Held-for-Sale
Fair value is measured using quoted market prices when available. These assets are typically categorized as Level 1. If quoted market prices are not available, comparable market values may be utilized. These assets are typically categorized as Level 2.
Loans and Leases
The fair value of performing loans and leases was estimated by segregating the portfolio into its primary loan and lease categories—commercial real estate mortgage, multi-family mortgage, construction, commercial, equipment financing, condominium association, indirect automobile, residential mortgage, home equity and other consumer. These categories were further disaggregated based upon significant financial characteristics such as type of interest rate (fixed, variable) and payment status (current, past-due). The Company then discounted the contractual cash flows for each loan category using interest rates currently being offered for loans with similar terms to borrowers of similar quality and incorporates estimates of future loan prepayments. This method of estimating fair value does not incorporate the exit price concept of fair value.
Deposits
The fair values of deposit liabilities with no stated maturity (demand, NOW, savings and money market savings accounts) are equal to the carrying amounts payable on demand. The fair value of certificates of deposit represents contractual cash flows discounted using interest rates currently offered on deposits with similar characteristics and remaining maturities. The fair value estimates for deposits do not include the benefit that results from the low-cost funding provided by the Company's core deposit relationships (deposit-based intangibles).
Borrowed Funds
The fair value of federal funds purchased is equal to the amount borrowed. The fair value of FHLBB advances and repurchase agreements represents contractual repayments discounted using interest rates currently available for borrowings with

F-73
BROOKLINE BANCORP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
December 31, 2014, 2013 and 2012

similar characteristics and remaining maturities. The fair values reported for retail repurchase agreements are based on the discounted value of contractual cash flows. The discount rates used are representative of approximate rates currently offered on borrowings with similar characteristics and maturities. The fair values reported for subordinated deferrable interest debentures are based on the discounted value of contractual cash flows. The discount rates used are representative of approximate rates currently offered on instruments with similar terms and maturities.
(22) Condensed Parent Company Financial Statements
Condensed Parent Company Balance Sheets as of December 31, 2014 and 2013 and Statements of Income for the years ended December 31, 2014, 2013 and 2012 follow. The Statement of Stockholders' Equity is not presented below as the parent company's stockholders' equity is that of the consolidated company.
Balance Sheets
 
At December 31,
 
2014
 
2013
 
(In Thousands)
ASSETS
 
 
 
Cash and due from banks
$
3,293

 
$
12,438

Short-term investments
49,008

 
33

Total cash and cash equivalents
52,301

 
12,471

ESOP loan to Brookline Bank
2,002

 
2,252

Restricted equity securities
100

 
100

Premises and equipment, net
11,026

 
11,850

Investment in subsidiaries, at equity
627,463

 
575,375

Goodwill
35,267

 
35,267

Other assets
4,366

 
6,185

Total assets
$
732,525

 
$
643,500

LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY
 
 
 
Borrowed funds
$
82,745

 
$
9,163

Deferred tax liability
721

 
1,195

Accrued expenses and other liabilities
8,309

 
19,275

Total liabilities
91,775

 
29,633

 
 
 
 
Stockholders' equity:
 
 
 
Common stock, $0.01 par value; 200,000,000 shares authorized; 75,744,445 shares issued
757

 
757

Additional paid-in capital
617,475

 
617,538

Retained earnings, partially restricted
83,792

 
64,903

Accumulated other comprehensive loss
(1,622
)
 
(7,915
)
Treasury stock, at cost; 5,040,571 shares and 5,171,985 shares, respectively
(58,282
)
 
(59,826
)
Unallocated common stock held by ESOP; 251,382 shares and 291,666 shares, respectively
(1,370
)
 
(1,590
)
Total Brookline Bancorp, Inc. stockholders' equity
640,750

 
613,867

Total liabilities and stockholders' equity
$
732,525

 
$
643,500


F-74
BROOKLINE BANCORP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
December 31, 2014, 2013 and 2012

Statements of Income
 
Year Ended December 31,
 
2014
 
2013
 
2012
 
(In Thousands)
Interest and dividend income:
 
 
 
 
 
Dividend income from subsidiaries
$
24,700

 
$
30,000

 
$
30,000

ESOP loan to Brookline Bank
183

 
205

 
227

Total interest and dividend income
24,883

 
30,205

 
30,227

Interest expense:
 
 
 
 
 
Borrowed funds
1,746

 
442

 
589

Net interest income
23,137

 
29,763

 
29,638

Non-interest expense:
 
 
 
 
 
Compensation and employee benefits
2,357

 
2,305

 
11,302

Occupancy
38

 
16

 
—

Equipment and data processing
1,499

 
4,263

 
1,395

Directors' fees
656

 
590

 
580

Franchise taxes
252

 
223

 
175

Insurance
472

 
352

 
68

Professional services(1)
(113
)
 
583

 
2,773

Other
751

 
2,040

 
2,420

Total non-interest expense
5,912

 
10,372

 
18,713

Income before income taxes
17,225

 
19,391

 
10,925

Credit for income taxes
(2,705
)
 
(4,035
)
 
(7,050
)
Income before equity in undistributed income of subsidiaries
19,930

 
23,426

 
17,975

Equity in undistributed income of subsidiaries
22,835

 
11,960

 
19,167

Net income
$
42,765

 
$
35,386

 
$
37,142


(1) The Parent Company received a net benefit in 2014 from the intercompany allocation of expense that is eliminated in consolidation.

F-75
BROOKLINE BANCORP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
December 31, 2014, 2013 and 2012

Statements of Cash Flows
 
Year Ended December 31,
 
2014
 
2013
 
2012
 
(In Thousands)
Cash flows from operating activities:
 
 
 
 
 
Net income attributable to parent company
$
42,765

 
$
35,386

 
$
37,142

Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided from operating activities:
 
 
 
 
 
Equity in undistributed income of subsidiaries
(22,835
)
 
(11,960
)
 
(19,167
)
Depreciation of premises and equipment
2,563

 
1,810

 
355

Amortization of debt issuance costs
29

 
—

 
—

Other operating activities, net
(30,822
)
 
14,745

 
(5,972
)
Net cash (used for) provided from operating activities
(8,300
)
 
39,981

 
12,358

Cash flows from investing activities:
 
 
 
 
 
Acquisitions, net of cash and cash equivalents acquired
—

 
—

 
(89,258
)
Monies in escrow—Bancorp Rhode Island, Inc. acquisition
—

 
—

 
112,983

Repayment of ESOP loan by Brookline Bank
250

 
250

 
250

Purchase of restricted equity securities
—

 
—

 
(100
)
Purchase of premises and equipment
(1,739
)
 
(5,458
)
 
(8,557
)
Net cash (used for) provided from investing activities
(1,489
)
 
(5,208
)
 
15,318

Cash flows from financing activities:
 
 
 
 
 
(Decrease) increase in demand deposit, NOW, savings and money market accounts
—

 
(41
)
 
41

Proceeds from issuance of subordinated notes
73,495

 
—

 
—

Repayment of subordinated debentures
—

 
(3,000
)
 
—

Payment of dividends on common stock
(23,876
)
 
(23,841
)
 
(23,777
)
Net cash provided from (used for) financing activities
49,619

 
(26,882
)
 
(23,736
)
Net increase in cash and cash equivalents
39,830

 
7,891

 
3,940

Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of year
12,471

 
4,580

 
640

Cash and cash equivalents at end of year
$
52,301

 
$
12,471

 
$
4,580


F-76
BROOKLINE BANCORP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
December 31, 2014, 2013 and 2012

(23) Quarterly Results of Operations (Unaudited)
 
2014 Quarters
 
Fourth
 
Third
 
Second
 
First
 
(Dollars in Thousands Except Per Share Data)
Interest and dividend income
$
55,826

 
$
54,616

 
$
53,346

 
$
54,694

Interest expense
8,250

 
7,292

 
6,912

 
6,960

Net interest income
47,576

 
47,324

 
46,434

 
47,734

Provision for credit losses
1,724

 
2,034

 
2,276

 
2,443

Net interest income after provision for credit losses
45,852

 
45,290

 
44,158

 
45,291

Loss from investment in affordable housing projects
(474
)
 
(543
)
 
(539
)
 
(504
)
Gain/(loss) on sales of securities, net
78

 
—

 
(13
)
 
—

Gain on sale of loans and leases held-for-sale
323

 
538

 
54

 
602

Other non-interest income
4,148

 
5,661

 
3,788

 
5,026

Amortization of identified intangible assets
(827
)
 
(828
)
 
(827
)
 
(861
)
Other non-interest expense
(31,636
)
 
(31,096
)
 
(30,395
)
 
(32,715
)
Income before provision for income taxes
17,464

 
19,022

 
16,226

 
16,839

Provision for income taxes
6,201

 
6,779

 
5,774

 
5,995

Net income
11,263

 
12,243

 
10,452

 
10,844

Less net income attributable to noncontrolling interest in subsidiary
477

 
662

 
476

 
422

Net income attributable to Brookline Bancorp, Inc. 
$
10,786

 
$
11,581

 
$
9,976

 
$
10,422

Earnings per share:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Basic
$
0.15

 
$
0.17

 
$
0.14

 
$
0.15

Diluted
0.15

 
0.17

 
0.14

 
0.15

Average common shares outstanding:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Basic
70,024,495

 
69,989,909

 
69,886,576

 
69,875,473

Diluted
70,130,243

 
70,088,987

 
70,012,377

 
69,983,999

Common stock price:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
High
$
10.15

 
$
9.51

 
$
9.63

 
$
9.70

Low
8.56

 
8.55

 
8.83

 
8.66

Dividends per share
$
0.085

 
$
0.085

 
$
0.085

 
$
0.085


F-77
BROOKLINE BANCORP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
December 31, 2014, 2013 and 2012

 
2013 Quarters
 
Fourth
 
Third
 
Second
 
First
 
(Dollars in Thousands Except Per Share Data)
Interest and dividend income
$
51,049

 
$
50,823

 
$
52,900

 
$
51,612

Interest expense
7,275

 
7,411

 
7,537

 
7,943

Net interest income
43,774

 
43,412

 
45,363

 
43,669

Provision for credit losses
3,887

 
2,748

 
2,439

 
1,855

Net interest income after provision for credit losses
39,887

 
40,664

 
42,924

 
41,814

Loss from investments in affordable housing projects
(318
)
 
(558
)
 
(624
)
 
(312
)
Gain on sales of securities, net
397

 
—

 
—

 
—

(Loss)/gain on sales of loans and leases held-for-sale
(39
)
 
149

 
200

 
298

Other non-interest income
3,867

 
3,862

 
3,562

 
3,341

Amortization of identified intangible assets
(1,127
)
 
(1,154
)
 
(1,177
)
 
(1,165
)
Other non-interest expense
(30,193
)
 
(28,399
)
 
(29,638
)
 
(29,607
)
Income before provision for income taxes
12,474

 
14,564

 
15,247

 
14,369

Provision for income taxes
4,325

 
4,645

 
5,382

 
5,129

Net income
8,149

 
9,919

 
9,865

 
9,240

Less net income attributable to noncontrolling interest in subsidiary
495

 
490

 
375

 
427

Net income attributable to Brookline Bancorp, Inc. 
$
7,654

 
$
9,429

 
$
9,490

 
$
8,813

Earnings per share:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Basic
$
0.11

 
$
0.14

 
$
0.14

 
$
0.13

Diluted
0.11

 
0.13

 
0.14

 
0.13

Average common shares outstanding:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Basic
69,862,175

 
69,830,953

 
69,774,703

 
69,762,784

Diluted
69,951,683

 
69,913,765

 
69,833,541

 
69,830,630

Common stock price:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
High
$
9.58

 
$
10.08

 
$
9.14

 
$
9.39

Low
8.72

 
8.81

 
8.23

 
8.66

Dividends per share
$
0.085

 
$
0.085

 
$
0.085

 
$
0.085



F-78