Revenue

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2023

Revenue from Contract with Customer [Abstract]

Revenue

NOTE 4. REVENUE

The core principle of the revenue recognition model is that an entity should identify the various performance obligations in a contract, allocate the transaction price among the performance obligations and recognize revenue when (or as) the entity satisfies each performance obligation.

Utility Revenues

Revenue from Contracts with Customers

General

The majority of Avista Corp.’s revenue is from rate-regulated sales of electricity and natural gas to retail customers, which has two performance obligations, (1) having service available for a specified period (typically a month at a time) and (2) the delivery of energy to customers. The total energy price generally has a fixed component (basic charge) related to having service available and a usage-based component, related to the delivery and consumption of energy. The commodity is sold and/or delivered to and consumed by the customer simultaneously, and the provisions of the relevant utility commission authorization determine the charges the Company may bill the customer. Since all revenue recognition criteria are met upon the delivery of energy to customers, revenue is recognized immediately.

In addition, the sale of electricity and natural gas is governed by the various state utility commissions, which set rates, charges, terms and conditions of service, and prices. Collectively, these rates, charges, terms and conditions are included in a “tariff,” which governs all aspects of the provision of regulated services. Tariffs are only permitted to be changed through a rate-setting process involving an independent, third-party regulator empowered by statute to establish rates that bind customers. Thus, all regulated sales by the Company are conducted subject to the regulator-approved tariff.

Tariff sales involve the current provision of commodity service (electricity and/or natural gas) to customers for a price that generally has a basic charge and a usage-based component. Tariff rates also include certain pass-through costs to customers such as natural gas costs, retail revenue credits and other miscellaneous regulatory items that do not impact net income, but can cause total revenue to fluctuate significantly up or down compared to previous periods. The commodity is sold and/or delivered to and consumed by the customer simultaneously, and the provisions of the relevant tariff determine the charges the Company may bill the customer, payment due date, and other pertinent rights and obligations of both parties. Generally, tariff sales do not involve a written contract. Since all revenue recognition criteria are met upon the delivery of energy to customers, revenue is recognized at that time.

Revenues from contracts with customers are presented in the Consolidated Statements of Income in the line item “Utility revenues, exclusive of alternative revenue programs.”

Unbilled Revenue from Contracts with Customers

The determination of the volume of energy sales to individual customers is based on the reading of their meters, which occurs on a systematic basis throughout the month (once per month for each individual customer). At the end of each calendar month, the amount of energy delivered to customers since the date of the last meter reading is estimated and the corresponding unbilled revenue is estimated and recorded. The Company's estimate of unbilled revenue is based on:

•the number of customers,

•tariff rates,

•meter reading dates,

•actual native load for electricity,

•actual throughput for natural gas, and

•electric line losses and natural gas system losses.

Any difference between actual and estimated revenue is automatically corrected in the following month when the meter reading and customer billing occurs.

Accounts receivable includes unbilled energy revenues of the following amounts as of December 31 (dollars in thousands):

	2023		2022
Unbilled accounts receivable	$	78,531	$	81,691

Non-Derivative Wholesale Contracts

The Company has certain wholesale contracts that are not accounted for as derivatives and are considered revenue from contracts with customers. Revenue is recognized as energy is delivered to the customer or the service is available for specified period of time, consistent with the discussion of rate regulated sales above.

Alternative Revenue Programs (Decoupling)

ASC 606 retained existing GAAP associated with alternative revenue programs, which specified alternative revenue programs are contracts between an entity and a regulator of utilities, not a contract between an entity and a customer. GAAP requires the presentation of revenue arising from alternative revenue programs separately from revenues arising from contracts with customers on the Consolidated Statements of Income. The Company's decoupling mechanisms (also known as a FCA in Idaho) qualify as alternative revenue programs. Decoupling revenue deferrals are recognized in the Consolidated Statements of Income during the period they occur (i.e. during the period of revenue shortfall or excess due to fluctuations in customer usage), subject to certain limitations, and a regulatory asset or liability is established which will be surcharged or rebated to customers in future periods. GAAP requires that for an alternative revenue program, like decoupling, the revenue must be expected to be collected from customers within 24 months of the deferral to qualify for recognition in the Consolidated Statements of Income. Amounts included in the Company's decoupling program that are not expected to be collected from customers within 24 months are not recorded in the financial statements until the period in which revenue recognition criteria are met. The amounts expected to be collected from customers within 24 months represents an estimate made by the Company on an ongoing basis due to it being based on the volumes of electric and natural gas sold to customers on a go-forward basis.

The Company records alternative program revenues under the gross method, which is to amortize the decoupling regulatory asset/liability to the alternative revenue program line item on the Consolidated Statements of Income as it is collected from or refunded to customers. The cash passing between the Company and the customers is presented in revenue from contracts with customers since it is a portion of the overall tariff paid by customers. This method results in a gross-up to both revenue from contracts with customers and revenue from alternative revenue programs, but has a net zero impact on total revenue. Depending on whether the previous deferral balance being amortized was a regulatory asset or regulatory liability, and depending on the size and direction of the current year deferral of surcharges and/or rebates to customers, it could result in negative alternative revenue program revenue during the year.

Derivative Revenue

Most wholesale electric and natural gas transactions (including both physical and financial transactions), and the sale of fuel are considered derivatives, which are disclosed separately from revenue from contracts with customers. Revenue is recognized for these items upon the settlement/expiration of the derivative contract. Derivative revenue includes transactions entered into and settled within the same month.

Other Utility Revenue

Other utility revenue includes rent, sales of materials, late fees and other charges that do not represent contracts with customers. This revenue is excluded from revenue from contracts with customers, as this revenue does not represent items where a customer is a party that has contracted with the Company to obtain goods or services that are an output of the Company’s ordinary activities in exchange for consideration. As such, these revenues are presented separately from revenue from contracts with customers.

Other Considerations for Utility Revenues

Gross Versus Net Presentation

Revenues and resource costs from Avista Utilities’ settled energy contracts “booked out” (not physically delivered) are reported on a net basis as part of derivative revenues.

Utility-related taxes collected from customers (primarily state excise taxes and city utility taxes) are imposed on Avista Utilities as opposed to being imposed on customers; therefore, Avista Utilities is the taxpayer and records these transactions on a gross

basis in revenue from contracts with customers and operating expense (taxes other than income taxes). The utility-related taxes collected from customers at AEL&P are imposed on the customers rather than AEL&P; therefore, the customers are the taxpayers and AEL&P is acting as their agent. As such, these transactions at AEL&P are presented on a net basis within revenue from contracts with customers.

Utility-related taxes included in revenue from contracts with customers were as follows for the years ended December 31 (dollars in thousands):

	2023		2022		2021
Utility-related taxes	$	75,404	$	69,931	$	62,736

Significant Judgments and Unsatisfied Performance Obligations

The only significant judgments involving revenue recognition are estimates surrounding unbilled revenue and receivables from contracts with customers and estimates surrounding the amount of decoupling revenues that will be collected from customers within 24 months (discussed above).

The Company has certain capacity arrangements, where the Company has a contractual obligation to provide either electric or natural gas capacity to its customers for a fixed fee. Most of these arrangements are paid for in arrears by the customers and do not result in deferred revenue and only result in receivables from the customers. The Company has one capacity agreement where the customer makes payments throughout the year. As of December 31, 2023, the Company estimates it had unsatisfied capacity performance obligations of $7.4 million, which will be recognized as revenue in future periods as the capacity is provided to the customers. These performance obligations are not reflected in the financial statements, as the Company has not received payment for these services.

Disaggregation of Total Operating Revenue

The following table disaggregates total operating revenue by segment and source for the years ended December 31 (dollars in thousands):

	2023		2022			2021
Avista Utilities
Revenue from contracts with customers	$	1,485,510	$	1,400,027		$	1,233,904
Derivative revenues		199,133		286,309			152,590
Alternative revenue programs		4,899		(33,357	)		(6,635	)
Deferrals and amortizations for rate refunds to customers		1,026		207			2,984
Other utility revenues		12,289		10,629			10,156
Total Avista Utilities		1,702,857		1,663,815			1,392,999
AEL&P
Revenue from contracts with customers		47,525		45,703			45,051
Deferrals and amortizations for rate refunds to customers		—		(614	)		(190	)
Other utility revenues		614		615			505
Total AEL&P		48,139		45,704			45,366
Other
Revenue from contracts with customers		—		—			2
Other revenues		558		688			569
Total Other		558		688			571
Total operating revenues	$	1,751,554	$	1,710,207		$	1,438,936

Utility Revenue from Contracts with Customers by Type and Service

The following table disaggregates revenue from contracts with customers associated with the Company's electric operations for the years ended December 31 (dollars in thousands):

	2023						2022						2021
	Avista Utilities		AEL&P		Total Utility		Avista Utilities		AEL&P		Total Utility		Avista Utilities		AEL&P		Total Utility
ELECTRIC OPERATIONS
Revenue from    contracts with    customers
Residential	$	425,258	$	20,232	$	445,490	$	414,823	$	19,667	$	434,490	$	394,717	$	18,940	$	413,657
Commercial and    governmental		343,523		27,026		370,549		338,656		25,782		364,438		326,173		25,861		352,034
Industrial		109,689		—		109,689		107,740		—		107,740		106,756		—		106,756
Public street and    highway lighting		7,976		267		8,243		7,483		254		7,737		7,472		250		7,722
Total retail    revenue		886,446		47,525		933,971		868,702		45,703		914,405		835,118		45,051		880,169
Transmission		32,941		—		32,941		32,307		—		32,307		21,005		—		21,005
Other revenue from    contracts with    customers		45,332		—		45,332		49,920		—		49,920		33,870		—		33,870
Total revenue    from contracts    with customers	$	964,719	$	47,525	$	1,012,244	$	950,929	$	45,703	$	996,632	$	889,993	$	45,051	$	935,044

The following table disaggregates revenue from contracts with customers associated with the Company's natural gas operations for the years ended December 31 (dollars in thousands):

	2023		2022		2021
	Avista Utilities		Avista Utilities		Avista Utilities
NATURAL GAS OPERATIONS
Revenue from contracts with customers
Residential	$	325,631	$	284,452	$	221,405
Commercial		164,048		139,923		100,819
Industrial and interruptible		17,315		10,471		7,796
Total retail revenue		506,994		434,846		330,020
Transportation		8,172		8,627		8,547
Other revenue from contracts with customers		5,625		5,625		5,344
Total revenue from contracts with customers	$	520,791	$	449,098	$	343,911