In the course of its business, the Company becomes involved in various claims, controversies, disputes and other contingent matters, including the items described in this Note. Some of these claims, controversies, disputes and other contingent matters involve litigation or other contested proceedings. For all such matters, the Company will vigorously protect and defend its interests and pursue its rights. However, no assurance can be given as to the ultimate outcome of any particular matter because litigation and other contested proceedings are inherently subject to numerous uncertainties. For matters that affect Avista Utilities’ or AEL&P's operations, the Company intends to seek, to the extent appropriate, recovery of incurred costs through the ratemaking process.

The Company’s collective bargaining agreement with the IBEW represents approximately 40 percent of all of Avista Corp.’s employees. The Company’s largest represented group, representing approximately 90 percent of Avista Corp.’s bargaining unit employees in Washington and Idaho, were covered under a three-year agreement which expired in March 2021. In March 2022, a new four-year collective bargaining agreement was reached with the IBEW. The new agreement is retroactive to March 2021 and expires in March 2025.

Boyds Fire (State of Washington Department of Natural Resources (DNR) v. Avista)

In August 2019, the Company was served with a complaint, captioned “State of Washington Department of Natural Resources v. Avista Corporation,” seeking recovery of up to $4.4 million for fire suppression and investigation costs and related expenses incurred in connection with a wildfire that occurred in Ferry County, Washington in August 2018. Specifically, the complaint alleges that the fire, which became known as the “Boyds Fire,” was caused by a dead ponderosa pine tree falling into an overhead distribution line, and that Avista Corp. was negligent in failing to identify and remove the tree before it came into contact with the line. Avista Corp. disputes that the tree in question was the cause of the fire and that it was negligent in failing to identify and remove it. Additional lawsuits have subsequently been filed by private landowners seeking property damages, and holders of insurance subrogation claims seeking recovery of insurance proceeds paid.

The lawsuits were filed in the Superior Court of Ferry County, Washington. The Company continues to vigorously defend itself in the litigation. However, at this time the Company is unable to predict the likelihood of an adverse outcome or estimate a range of potential loss in the event of such an outcome.

In April 2022, Avista Corp. received a notice of claim from property owners seeking damages of $5 million in connection with a fire that occurred in Douglas County, Washington, in July 2020. In June 2022, those claimants filed suit in the Superior Court of Douglas County, Washington, seeking unspecified damages. The fire, which was designated as the “Road 11 Fire,” occurred in the vicinity of an Avista Corp. 115kv line, resulting in damage to three overhead transmission structures. The fire occurred during a high wind event and grew to 10,000 acres before being contained. The Company disputes that it is liable for the fire and will vigorously defend itself in the pending legal proceeding; however, at this time the Company is unable to predict the likelihood of an adverse outcome or estimate a range of potential loss in the event of such an outcome.

In September 2020, a severe windstorm occurred in eastern Washington and northern Idaho. The extreme weather event resulted in customer outages and multiple wildfires in the region.

The Company has become aware of instances where, during the course of the storm, otherwise healthy trees and limbs, located in areas outside its maintenance right-of-way, broke under the extraordinary wind conditions and caused damage to its energy delivery system at or near what is believed to be the potential area of origin of a wildfire. Those instances include what has been referred to as: the Babb Road fire (near Malden and Pine City, Washington); the Christensen Road fire (near Airway Heights, Washington); the Mile Marker 49 fire (near Orofino, Idaho); and the Kewa Field Fire (near Colville, Washington). The Company estimates approximately 230 residential, commercial and other structures were impacted. With respect to the Christensen Road Fire, the Mile Marker 49 Fire, and the Kewa Field Fire, the Company’s investigation determined that the primary cause of the fires was extreme high winds. To date, the Company has not found any evidence that the fires were caused by any deficiencies in its equipment, maintenance activities or vegetation management practices. See further discussion below regarding the Babb Road Fire.

The Company’s investigation has found no evidence of negligence with respect to any of the fires, and the Company will vigorously defend itself against any claims for damages that may be asserted against it with respect to the wildfires arising out of the extreme wind event; however, at this time the Company is unable to predict the likelihood of an adverse outcome or estimate a range of potential loss in the event of such an outcome.

In May 2021 the Company learned that the Washington Department of Natural Resources (DNR) had completed its investigation and issued a report on the Babb Road Fire. The Babb Road fire covered approximately 15,000 acres and destroyed approximately 220 structures. There are no reports of personal injury or death resulting from the fire.

The DNR report concluded as follows: “It is my opinion that because of the unusual configuration of the tree, and its proximity to the powerline, a closer inspection was warranted. A nearer inspection of the tree should have revealed the cut LBL ends and its previous failure, and necessitated determination of the failure potential of the adjacent LBL, implicated in starting the Babb Road Fire.”

The DNR report acknowledged that, other than the multi-dominant nature of the tree, the conditions mentioned above would not have been easily visible without close-up inspection of, or cutting into, the tree. The report also acknowledged that, while the presence of multiple tops would have been visible from the nearby roadway, the tree did not fail at a v-fork due to the presence of multiple tops. The Company contends that applicable inspection standards did not require a closer inspection of the otherwise healthy tree, nor was the Company negligent with respect to its maintenance, inspection or vegetation management practices.

Eight lawsuits seeking unspecified damages have been filed in connection with the Babb Road fire. These include five subrogation actions filed by insurance companies seeking recovery for amounts paid to insureds; two actions on behalf of individual plaintiffs; and a class action lawsuit. All proceedings have been consolidated for discovery and pre-trial proceedings, are pending in the Superior Court of Spokane County Washington, and variously assert causes of action for negligence, private nuisance, trespass and inverse condemnation (a theory of strict liability).

On September 16, 2022, the Company filed a motion in the Superior Court of Spokane County, Washington, seeking dismissal of the Plaintiffs' inverse condemnation claims as a matter of law on the grounds that they are not legally cognizable under Washington law. On October 14, 2022, the Superior Court heard oral argument on that motion. The Court concluded the Company's motion involved mixed questions of law and fact and, as a consequence, could not be granted at that stage of the proceedings; however, the Court indicated the Company could bring the issue before the Court again after discovery is completed.

The Company will vigorously defend itself in the legal proceedings; however, at this time the Company is unable to predict the likelihood of an adverse outcome or estimate a range of potential loss in the event of such an outcome.

Colstrip Units 3 and 4 are owned by the Company, PacifiCorp, Portland General Electric (PGE), and Puget Sound Energy (PSE) (collectively, the "Western Co-Owners"), as well as NorthWestern and Talen Montana, LLC (Talen), as tenants in common under an Ownership and Operating Agreement, dated May 6, 1981, as amended (O&O Agreement), in the percentages set forth below:


Co-Owner	Unit 3			Unit 4
Avista		15	%		15	%
PacifiCorp		10	%		10	%
PGE		20	%		20	%
PSE		25	%		25	%
NorthWestern		—			30	%
Talen		30	%		—

Colstrip Units 1 and 2, owned by PSE and Talen, were shut down in 2020 and are in the process of being decommissioned. The co-owners of Units 3 and 4 also own undivided interests in facilities common to both Units 3 and 4, as well as in certain facilities common to all four Colstrip units.

The Washington Clean Energy Transformation Act (CETA), among other things, imposes deadlines by which each electric utility must eliminate from its electricity rates in Washington the costs and benefits associated with coal-fired resources, such as Colstrip. The practical impact of CETA is that electricity from such resources, including Colstrip, may no longer be delivered to Washington retail customers after 2025.

The co-owners of Colstrip Units 3 and 4 have differing needs for the generating capacity of these units. Accordingly, certain business disagreements have arisen among the co-owners, including, disagreements as to the requirements for shutting down these units. These business disagreements, in turn, have led to disagreements as to the interpretation of the O&O Agreement, including, but not limited to, whether a 55 percent vote of the Owner’s Committee is sufficient or whether unanimous consent of the owners is required to either remove a Colstrip unit from service or make a determination that the project can no longer be operated consistent with prudent utility practice or the requirements of governmental agencies having jurisdiction. NorthWestern has initiated arbitration pursuant to the O&O Agreement to resolve these business disagreements, and two actions have been initiated to compel arbitration of those disputes: one by

In addition, there are legal proceedings pending in Montana Federal District Court with respect to the validity and constitutionality of changes to Montana law enacted in 2021 after the foregoing disputes arose. The Western Co-Owners are plaintiffs in those proceedings. Specifically, the Western Co-Owners challenged the validity and constitutionality of Montana Senate Bill 265, which purports to modify the provisions in the O&O Agreement governing arbitration of any controversies arising out of or relating to the O&O Agreement to require arbitration before a single arbitrator experienced in the subject matter, in Montana (as opposed to Washington), and under Montana law (as opposed to Washington). NorthWestern and Talen are defendants with regard to the claims against Senate Bill 265. The Western Co-Owners also challenged the constitutionality of Senate Bill 266, which purports to make (1) the failure or refusal of an owner of a jointly owned electrical generation facility in the state to fund its share of operating costs associated with a jointly owned electrical generation facility, and (2) conduct by one or more owners of a jointly owned electrical generation facility in the state to bring about permanent closure of a generating unit of a facility without seeking and obtaining the consent of all co-owners of a generating unit, violations of Montana’s Consumer protection Act.

On May 9, 2022, Talen, the operator of Colstrip, together with affiliates, commenced a voluntary case under Chapter 11 of the U.S. Bankruptcy Code in the U.S. Bankruptcy Court for the Southern District of Texas (Houston Division). This resulted in a temporary suspension of activity in the Colstrip legal proceedings described above. On the stipulation of the parties, the stay of proceedings was lifted with respect to the Montana litigation and the arbitration on August 25, 2022.

On September 28, 2022, a Montana Federal Magistrate Judge issued recommended Findings and a recommended Order, concluding that Senate Bill 265 is preempted by the Federal Arbitration Act and is unconstitutional and that Senate Bill 266 is unconstitutional. On October 19, 2022, the Federal District Court Judge adopted the Magistrate's findings and recommendations in full.

The Company is not able to predict the outcome of the issues and legal proceedings described above, or the timing of the resolution thereof, or an amount or range of potential impact in the event of an outcome that is adverse to the Company’s interests. However, the Company will continue to vigorously defend and protect its interests (and those of its stakeholders) in all matters and legal proceedings relating to Colstrip.

On September 12, 2022, the Company received notice that PSE and Talen entered into a binding agreement through which PSE has agreed to transfer its 25 percent ownership in Colstrip Units 3 and 4 to Talen at the end of 2025. The Company continues to engage with the co-owners of Colstrip on potential solutions that will allow the Company to meet its obligations under CETA while also addressing the differing needs of other co-owners.

Multiple property owners have initiated a legal proceeding (titled Burnett et al. v. Talen et al.) in the Montana District Court for Rosebud County against Talen, PSE, Pacificorp, PGE, Avista Corp., NorthWestern, and Westmoreland Rosebud Mining. The plaintiffs allege a failure to contain coal dust in connection with the operation of Colstrip, and seek unspecified damages. The parties have agreed to temporarily stay the litigation as a result of the bankruptcy proceedings initiated by Talen, which agreement was not impacted by the stipulation to lift the stay for purposes of the Montana litigation and arbitration. The Company will vigorously defend itself in the litigation, but at this time is unable to predict the outcome, nor an amount or range of potential impact in the event of an outcome that is adverse to the Company’s interests.

Two lawsuits have been commenced by the Montana Environmental Information Center, challenging certain permits relating to the operation of the Westmoreland Rosebud Mine, which provides coal to Colstrip. In the first, the Montana District Court for Rosebud County issued an order vacating a permit for one area of the mine. In the second, the Montana Federal District Court issued findings and recommended that a decision approving expansion of the mine into a new area should be vacated, but recommending that the decision not take effect for 365 days from the date of a final order, which order remains pending. Both decisions may be subject to

appellate review. Avista Corp. is not a party to either of these proceedings, but is continuing to monitor the progress of both lawsuits and assess the impact, if any, of the proceedings on Westmoreland’s ability to meet its contractual coal supply obligations.

In March 2017, the Company accessed property managed by the National Park Service (NPS) to prevent the imminent failure of a power pole that was surrounded by flood water in the Spokane River. The Company voluntarily reported its actions to the NPS several days later. Thereafter, in March 2018, the NPS notified the Company that it might seek recovery for unspecified costs and damages allegedly caused during the incident pursuant to the System Unit Resource Protection Act (SURPA), 54 U.S.C. 100721 et seq. In January 2021, the United States Department of Justice (DOJ) requested that the Company and the DOJ renew discussions relating to the matter. In July 2021, the DOJ communicated that it may seek damages of approximately $2 million in connection with the incident for alleged damage to "natural and cultural resources". In addition, the DOJ indicated that it may seek treble damages under the SURPA and state law, bringing its total potential claim to approximately $6 million.

The Company disputes the position taken by the DOJ with respect to the incident, as well as the nature and extent of the DOJ’s alleged damages, and will vigorously defend itself in any litigation that may arise with respect to the matter. The Company and the DOJ have agreed to engage in discussions to understand their respective positions and determine whether a resolution of the dispute may be possible. However, the Company cannot predict the outcome of the matter.

In October 2021, there was an incident in Rathdrum, Idaho involving the Company’s natural gas infrastructure. The incident occurred after a third party damaged those facilities during the course of excavation work. The incident resulted in a fire which destroyed one residence and resulted in minor injuries to the occupants. No claims or proceedings have been initiated from this incident; however, the Company will vigorously defend itself against any claims for damages that may be asserted against it.

In the normal course of business, the Company has various other legal claims and contingent matters outstanding. The Company believes that any ultimate liability arising from these actions will not have a material impact on its financial condition, results of operations or cash flows. It is possible that a change could occur in the Company’s estimates of the probability or amount of a liability being incurred. Such a change, should it occur, could be significant. See "Note 22 of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements" in the 2021 Form 10-K for additional discussion regarding other contingencies.